See rūskos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*rrisk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "rusquenn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: rusquenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: rusquenn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "rusk",
"3": "ruskenn",
"t": "bark",
"t2": "beehive"
},
"expansion": "Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "rusc"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: rusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: rusc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "risc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: risc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: risc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "rusk"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: rusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: rusk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "risgl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: risgl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: risgl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhisgl",
"3": "rhisg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "rúsc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: rúsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: rúsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rúsc"
},
"expansion": "Irish: rúsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: rúsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "roost"
},
"expansion": "Manx: roost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: roost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "rùsg"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: rùsg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: rùsg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "rusca"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: rusca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: rusca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "rusca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: rusca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to dig up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, to stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "runcō",
"3": "",
"4": "to grub, weed"
},
"expansion": "Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρύσσω",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig, grub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुञ्चति",
"3": "",
"4": "to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rúam",
"3": "",
"4": "spade, shovel"
},
"expansion": "Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”). Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruske",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*rūskos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rusk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bark"
],
"id": "en-rūskos-cel-pro-noun-FOplB2Rc",
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beehive"
],
"id": "en-rūskos-cel-pro-noun-kN5kAaSH",
"links": [
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "rūskos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃rewk-",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*rrisk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "rusquenn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: rusquenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: rusquenn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "rusk",
"3": "ruskenn",
"t": "bark",
"t2": "beehive"
},
"expansion": "Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "rusc"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: rusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: rusc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "risc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: risc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: risc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "rusk"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: rusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: rusk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "risgl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: risgl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: risgl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhisgl",
"3": "rhisg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "rúsc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: rúsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: rúsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rúsc"
},
"expansion": "Irish: rúsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: rúsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "roost"
},
"expansion": "Manx: roost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: roost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "rùsg"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: rùsg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: rùsg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "rusca"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: rusca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: rusca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "rusca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: rusca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to dig up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, to stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "runcō",
"3": "",
"4": "to grub, weed"
},
"expansion": "Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρύσσω",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig, grub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुञ्चति",
"3": "",
"4": "to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rúam",
"3": "",
"4": "spade, shovel"
},
"expansion": "Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”). Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruske",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruskūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*rūskos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rusk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bark"
],
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beehive"
],
"links": [
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "rūskos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rūskos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.