See oβnus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*oβn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *oβn\nMiddle Breton: oun\nBreton: ovn\nCornish: own\nMiddle Welsh: ofuyn\nWelsh: ofn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *oβn\nMiddle Breton: oun\nBreton: ovn\nCornish: own\nMiddle Welsh: ofuyn\nWelsh: ofn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ómun"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ómun, omun, homun (with short vowel)\nMiddle Irish: úaman, oman\nIrish: uamhan\nScottish Gaelic: uabhann",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ómun, omun, homun (with short vowel)\nMiddle Irish: úaman, oman\nIrish: uamhan\nScottish Gaelic: uabhann"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ęga",
"t": "to shiver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ęga (“to shiver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁engʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*inkô",
"3": "",
"4": "ache, regret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *inkô (“ache, regret”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "īgt",
"t": "to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Latvian īgt (“to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pow-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pow- (“to fear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pawēō",
"t": "to be afraid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pawēō (“to be afraid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nAccording to Matasović, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *ęga (“to shiver”), assuming the root to be Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-, though this root is usually reconstructed as *h₁eng- on the basis of Proto-Germanic *inkô (“ache, regret”).\nOr, from *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict, tighten”); see the cognates listed at Latvian īgt (“to be angry”).\nAn alternative theory links the root to Proto-Indo-European *pow- (“to fear”), to which Proto-Italic *pawēō (“to be afraid”) may also belong.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "obnuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obnowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*oβnus"
},
"expansion": "*oβnus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obn"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/oβnus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "exsoβnos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fear"
],
"id": "en-oβnus-cel-pro-noun-WNVOfHVT",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "oβnus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "exsoβnos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*oβn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *oβn\nMiddle Breton: oun\nBreton: ovn\nCornish: own\nMiddle Welsh: ofuyn\nWelsh: ofn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *oβn\nMiddle Breton: oun\nBreton: ovn\nCornish: own\nMiddle Welsh: ofuyn\nWelsh: ofn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ómun"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ómun, omun, homun (with short vowel)\nMiddle Irish: úaman, oman\nIrish: uamhan\nScottish Gaelic: uabhann",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ómun, omun, homun (with short vowel)\nMiddle Irish: úaman, oman\nIrish: uamhan\nScottish Gaelic: uabhann"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ęga",
"t": "to shiver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ęga (“to shiver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁engʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*inkô",
"3": "",
"4": "ache, regret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *inkô (“ache, regret”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "īgt",
"t": "to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Latvian īgt (“to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pow-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pow- (“to fear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pawēō",
"t": "to be afraid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pawēō (“to be afraid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nAccording to Matasović, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *ęga (“to shiver”), assuming the root to be Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-, though this root is usually reconstructed as *h₁eng- on the basis of Proto-Germanic *inkô (“ache, regret”).\nOr, from *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict, tighten”); see the cognates listed at Latvian īgt (“to be angry”).\nAn alternative theory links the root to Proto-Indo-European *pow- (“to fear”), to which Proto-Italic *pawēō (“to be afraid”) may also belong.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "obnuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obnowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "obnubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*oβnus"
},
"expansion": "*oβnus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obn"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/oβnus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Celtic u-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"fear"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "oβnus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for oβnus meaning in Proto-Celtic (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.