See nessais in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nessais meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*nes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Breton: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nessa"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: nessa, nesa, neso, nesso, nessu, nesu\nIrish: neasa\n⇒ Irish: neas\nManx: niessey",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: nessa, nesa, neso, nesso, nessu, nesu\nIrish: neasa\n⇒ Irish: neas\nManx: niessey"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Hnedʰ-so-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hnedʰ-so-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नहुस्",
"t": "neighbor",
"tr": "náhus"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नहुस् (náhus, “neighbor”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "nessimas"
},
"expansion": "Oscan nessimas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉",
"t": "nearest"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉 (nesimei, “nearest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*názdyas",
"t": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas (“nearer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नेदीयस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नेदीयस् (nedīyas)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋 (nazdiiō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nésdyos",
"t": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos (“nearer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*swizdeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *swizdeti",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-sd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-sd-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-zd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-zd-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*pettyā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *pettyā",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh peth",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuid"
},
"expansion": "Irish cuid",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "",
"3": "-ꟈꟈ-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish -ꟈꟈ-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hnedʰ-so- or *Hnedʰ-to-, from *Hnedʰ- (“to bind”); compare Sanskrit नहुस् (náhus, “neighbor”) and नह्यति (náhyati, “to bind”).\nThe superlative *nessamos is cognate with Oscan nessimas and Umbrian 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉 (nesimei, “nearest”).\nA different etymology is given by Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, which connects it with Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas (“nearer”) (Sanskrit नेदीयस् (nedīyas), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋 (nazdiiō)), from Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos (“nearer”), from the root *nesd- (“near”). However, Proto-Celtic *swizdeti and *nizdos show that Proto-Indo-European *-sd- becomes Proto-Celtic *-zd-, which in turn becomes /θ/ in Brythonic and /d/ in Goidelic (compare also *kʷezdis becoming Gaulish *pettyā, Welsh peth and Irish cuid). It does not become Gaulish -ꟈꟈ- and Insular Celtic *-ss-. The Osco-Umbrian cognates are also inconsistent with this hypothesis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "*nessais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/nessais",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old Breton: nesham; Breton",
"word": "nesañ"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Cornish: nessa",
"tags": [
"Cornish"
],
"word": "nessa"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Welsh: nessaf; Welsh",
"word": "nesaf"
},
{
"sense": "*nessamos (superlative); Old Irish",
"word": "nessam"
},
{
"sense": "*nessamos (superlative)",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
],
"word": "neꟈꟈamon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nearer, closer"
],
"id": "en-nessais-cel-pro-adj-kQD1d56c",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "nessais"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old Breton: nesham; Breton",
"word": "nesañ"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Cornish: nessa",
"tags": [
"Cornish"
],
"word": "nessa"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Welsh: nessaf; Welsh",
"word": "nesaf"
},
{
"sense": "*nessamos (superlative); Old Irish",
"word": "nessam"
},
{
"sense": "*nessamos (superlative)",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
],
"word": "neꟈꟈamon"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*nes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Breton: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: nes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "nes"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: nes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: nes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nessa"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: nessa, nesa, neso, nesso, nessu, nesu\nIrish: neasa\n⇒ Irish: neas\nManx: niessey",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: nessa, nesa, neso, nesso, nessu, nesu\nIrish: neasa\n⇒ Irish: neas\nManx: niessey"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Hnedʰ-so-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hnedʰ-so-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नहुस्",
"t": "neighbor",
"tr": "náhus"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नहुस् (náhus, “neighbor”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "nessimas"
},
"expansion": "Oscan nessimas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉",
"t": "nearest"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉 (nesimei, “nearest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*názdyas",
"t": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas (“nearer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नेदीयस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नेदीयस् (nedīyas)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋 (nazdiiō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nésdyos",
"t": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos (“nearer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*swizdeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *swizdeti",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-sd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-sd-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-zd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-zd-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*pettyā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *pettyā",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh peth",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuid"
},
"expansion": "Irish cuid",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "",
"3": "-ꟈꟈ-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish -ꟈꟈ-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hnedʰ-so- or *Hnedʰ-to-, from *Hnedʰ- (“to bind”); compare Sanskrit नहुस् (náhus, “neighbor”) and नह्यति (náhyati, “to bind”).\nThe superlative *nessamos is cognate with Oscan nessimas and Umbrian 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉 (nesimei, “nearest”).\nA different etymology is given by Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, which connects it with Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas (“nearer”) (Sanskrit नेदीयस् (nedīyas), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋 (nazdiiō)), from Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos (“nearer”), from the root *nesd- (“near”). However, Proto-Celtic *swizdeti and *nizdos show that Proto-Indo-European *-sd- becomes Proto-Celtic *-zd-, which in turn becomes /θ/ in Brythonic and /d/ in Goidelic (compare also *kʷezdis becoming Gaulish *pettyā, Welsh peth and Irish cuid). It does not become Gaulish -ꟈꟈ- and Insular Celtic *-ss-. The Osco-Umbrian cognates are also inconsistent with this hypothesis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "*nessais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/nessais",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic comparative adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"nearer, closer"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "nessais"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.