See krouk- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*krʉg",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *krʉg m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *krʉg m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "krug",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Breton: krug (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: krug (“heap, pile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cruk"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cruk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crug"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: crug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: crug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: crúach f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: crúach f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "crúach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: crúach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: crúach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cruach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cruach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cruach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cruach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cruach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cruach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "creagh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: creagh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: creagh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"alt1": "*croc-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *croc-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *croc-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Crucq",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Crucq (name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Crucq (name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cruque",
"3": "croque",
"bor": "1",
"q1": "Béarnais",
"q2": "Landais",
"t1": "heap, pile",
"t2": "skull, head"
},
"expansion": "→ French: (Béarnais) cruque (“heap, pile”), (Landais) croque (“skull, head”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: (Béarnais) cruque (“heap, pile”), (Landais) croque (“skull, head”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "cuchon",
"bor": "1",
"q": "Lyonnais"
},
"expansion": "→ Franco-Provençal: (Lyonnais) cuchon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Franco-Provençal: (Lyonnais) cuchon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cruc",
"3": "cruca",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "top of the head, occiput"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: cruc, cruca (“top of the head, occiput”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: cruc, cruca (“top of the head, occiput”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Many conflicting etymologies are available; see Lucht (2007) for them.\nDelamarre prefers a comparison to Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krouk- gender unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "krouke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "g!",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*krouk- gender unattested",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krouk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krouk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krouk-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"id": "en-krouk--cel-pro-noun-~wJUDqAI",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "krouk-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*krʉg",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *krʉg m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *krʉg m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "krug",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Breton: krug (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: krug (“heap, pile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cruk"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cruk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cruc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cruc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crug"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: crug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: crug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: crúach f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: crúach f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "crúach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: crúach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: crúach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cruach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cruach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cruach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cruach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cruach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cruach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "creagh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: creagh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: creagh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"alt1": "*croc-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *croc-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *croc-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Crucq",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Crucq (name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Crucq (name of a village in Lot-et-Garonne, and a derived surname)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cruque",
"3": "croque",
"bor": "1",
"q1": "Béarnais",
"q2": "Landais",
"t1": "heap, pile",
"t2": "skull, head"
},
"expansion": "→ French: (Béarnais) cruque (“heap, pile”), (Landais) croque (“skull, head”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: (Béarnais) cruque (“heap, pile”), (Landais) croque (“skull, head”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "cuchon",
"bor": "1",
"q": "Lyonnais"
},
"expansion": "→ Franco-Provençal: (Lyonnais) cuchon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Franco-Provençal: (Lyonnais) cuchon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cruc",
"3": "cruca",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "top of the head, occiput"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: cruc, cruca (“top of the head, occiput”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: cruc, cruca (“top of the head, occiput”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Many conflicting etymologies are available; see Lucht (2007) for them.\nDelamarre prefers a comparison to Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krouk- gender unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "krouke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kroukūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "g!",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*krouk- gender unattested",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krouk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krouk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krouk-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "krouk-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krouk- meaning in Proto-Celtic (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.