See gragnis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*graɨn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *graɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *graɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "graen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: graen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: graen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "graen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: graen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: graen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "grayn"
},
"expansion": "Manx: grayn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: grayn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gràin"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gràin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: gràin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*groza"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *groza",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γοργός",
"t": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “fierce”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gargos",
"t": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gargos (“fierce”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An apparent sound-symbolic word. Similar-sounding words of similar meaning include Proto-Slavic *groza, Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “fierce”), and Proto-Celtic *gargos (“fierce”). All of these may also be sound-symbolic formations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "I-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gragis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gragins",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grageis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gragē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gragnis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grag"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-i"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gragnis",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"awful"
],
"id": "en-gragnis-cel-pro-adj-h-ExUynP",
"links": [
[
"awful",
"awful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 85 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 87 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying, horrifying"
],
"id": "en-gragnis-cel-pro-adj--Bm1pjia",
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
],
[
"horrifying",
"horrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loathsome"
],
"id": "en-gragnis-cel-pro-adj-OzSHzc7G",
"links": [
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gragnis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic sound-symbolic terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*graɨn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *graɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *graɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "graen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: graen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: graen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "graen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: graen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: graen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "gráin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: gráin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: gráin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "grayn"
},
"expansion": "Manx: grayn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: grayn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gràin"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gràin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: gràin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*groza"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *groza",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γοργός",
"t": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “fierce”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gargos",
"t": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gargos (“fierce”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An apparent sound-symbolic word. Similar-sounding words of similar meaning include Proto-Slavic *groza, Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “fierce”), and Proto-Celtic *gargos (“fierce”). All of these may also be sound-symbolic formations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "I-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gragis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gragins",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grageis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gragibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gragi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gragois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gragois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gragē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gragnis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grag"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-i"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gragnis",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"awful"
],
"links": [
[
"awful",
"awful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"terrifying, horrifying"
],
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
],
[
"horrifying",
"horrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loathsome"
],
"links": [
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gragnis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gragnis meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.