"en" meaning in Proto-Celtic

See en in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Matasović reconstructs *eni for the whole preposition, but since the preposition triggers a nasal mutation/eclipsis instead of a lenition in its descendants, a closed syllable may be reconstructed instead. However, the attested closed syllable could be explained by the theory of the early apocope of final /i/ in unstressed words, usually used to explain the rise of the absolute and conjunct inflection in Old Irish (by treating conjunct forms in the unstressed category). Etymology templates: {{inh|cel-pro|ine-pro|*h₁én}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|preposition}} *en
  1. in Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: eni-
    Sense id: en-en-cel-pro-prep-WClnU00P Categories (other): Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Celtic prepositions

Download JSON data for en meaning in Proto-Celtic (1.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*ɨn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *ɨn\nMiddle Breton: en\nBreton: e\nCornish: yn, en\nOld Welsh: in\nMiddle Welsh: yn\nWelsh: yn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *ɨn\nMiddle Breton: en\nBreton: e\nCornish: yn, en\nOld Welsh: in\nMiddle Welsh: yn\nWelsh: yn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "i"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: i, hí, hi\nIrish: i\nScottish Gaelic: an\nManx: ayns",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: i, hí, hi\nIrish: i\nScottish Gaelic: an\nManx: ayns"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁én"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁én",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Matasović reconstructs *eni for the whole preposition, but since the preposition triggers a nasal mutation/eclipsis instead of a lenition in its descendants, a closed syllable may be reconstructed instead. However, the attested closed syllable could be explained by the theory of the early apocope of final /i/ in unstressed words, usually used to explain the rise of the absolute and conjunct inflection in Old Irish (by treating conjunct forms in the unstressed category).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "*en",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "eni-"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in"
      ],
      "id": "en-en-cel-pro-prep-WClnU00P",
      "links": [
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "en"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "eni-"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*ɨn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *ɨn\nMiddle Breton: en\nBreton: e\nCornish: yn, en\nOld Welsh: in\nMiddle Welsh: yn\nWelsh: yn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *ɨn\nMiddle Breton: en\nBreton: e\nCornish: yn, en\nOld Welsh: in\nMiddle Welsh: yn\nWelsh: yn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "i"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: i, hí, hi\nIrish: i\nScottish Gaelic: an\nManx: ayns",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: i, hí, hi\nIrish: i\nScottish Gaelic: an\nManx: ayns"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁én"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁én",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Matasović reconstructs *eni for the whole preposition, but since the preposition triggers a nasal mutation/eclipsis instead of a lenition in its descendants, a closed syllable may be reconstructed instead. However, the attested closed syllable could be explained by the theory of the early apocope of final /i/ in unstressed words, usually used to explain the rise of the absolute and conjunct inflection in Old Irish (by treating conjunct forms in the unstressed category).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "*en",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic prepositions",
        "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "en"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.