meblā

meblā (nominative singular)
meblai (dual nominative)
meblās (nominative plural)
meblā (singular vocative)
meblai (dual vocative)
meblās (plural vocative)
meblam (accusative singular)
meblai (accusative dual)
meblāms (accusative plural)
meblās (genitive singular)
meblous (dual genitive)
meblom (genitive plural)
meblāi (dative singular)
meblābom (dative dual)
meblābos (dative plural)
meblai (locative singular)
meblābim (dual instrumental)
meblābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *meβl
Cornish: mewl
Middle Welsh: meuyl
Welsh: mefl

Old Irish: mebul
Irish: meabhal
Scottish Gaelic: meabhal

From Proto-Indo-European *mebʰ- (“to blame”); compare Ancient Greek μέμφομαι (mémphomai) and Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌼𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bimampjan).


srutu

srutu (nominative singular)
srutū (dual nominative)
srutwā (nominative plural)
srutu (singular vocative)
srutū (dual vocative)
srutwā (plural vocative)
srutu (accusative singular)
srutū (accusative dual)
srutwā (accusative plural)
srutous (genitive singular)
srutous (dual genitive)
srutowom (genitive plural)
srutou (dative singular)
srutubom (dative dual)
srutubos (dative plural)
srutū (instrumental singular)
srutubim (dual instrumental)
srutubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Brythonic: *frud
Old Breton: frut
Breton: froud
Old Cornish: frot
Cornish: fros
Middle Welsh: ffrwt
Welsh: ffrwd

Old Irish: sruth
Irish: sruth
Manx: stroo
Scottish Gaelic: sruth


knūs

knūs (nominative singular)
knowe (dual nominative)
knowes (nominative plural)
knūs (singular vocative)
knowe (dual vocative)
knowes (plural vocative)
knowam (accusative singular)
knowe (accusative dual)
knowams (accusative plural)
knowos (genitive singular)
knowou (dual genitive)
knowom (genitive plural)
knowei (dative singular)
knowobom (dative dual)
knowobos (dative plural)
knowi (locative singular)
knowe? (instrumental singular)
knowobim (dual instrumental)
knowobis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *know pl
Old Breton: cnou
Middle Breton: cnou
Breton: kraou, kraoñ
Cornish: know
Middle Welsh: kneu
Welsh: cnau

Old Irish: cnú
Irish: cnó
Manx: cro
Scottish Gaelic: cnò

From a hypothetical Pre-Celtic *knuHs, which in view of the vacillating consonantism in Germanic and Latin (from *knuds and *knuks respectively) is probably a post-PIE loanword from a European substrate language. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnuts, Latin nux.


klutom

klutom (nominative singular)
klutou (dual nominative)
klutā (nominative plural)
klutom (singular vocative)
klutou (dual vocative)
klutā (plural vocative)
klutom (accusative singular)
klutou (accusative dual)
klutā (accusative plural)
klutī (genitive singular)
klutous (dual genitive)
klutom (genitive plural)
klutūi (dative singular)
klutobom (dative dual)
klutobos (dative plural)
klutei (locative singular)
klutū (instrumental singular)
klutobim (dual instrumental)
klutūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *klod

Old Breton: clot

Breton: clod

Welsh: clod

Old Irish: cloth
Irish: cloth

Gaulish: *kluton, *klouton

⇒ Gaulish: *Cloutios

→ Latin: Cloutius

>? Celtiberian: *kolouton

⇒ Celtiberian: Koloutios

A nominalization of Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós (“famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


skātu

skātu (nominative singular)
skātū (dual nominative)
skātwā (nominative plural)
skātu (singular vocative)
skātū (dual vocative)
skātwā (plural vocative)
skātu (accusative singular)
skātū (accusative dual)
skātwā (accusative plural)
skātous (genitive singular)
skātous (dual genitive)
skātowom (genitive plural)
skātou (dative singular)
skātubom (dative dual)
skātubos (dative plural)
skātū (instrumental singular)
skātubim (dual instrumental)
skātubis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic: *skọd
Breton: skeud
Old Cornish: scod
Cornish: skeus
Middle Welsh: ysgawt
Welsh: ysgod

Old Irish: scáth
Irish: scáth
Manx: scaa
Scottish Gaelic: sgàth
⇒ Middle Irish: scáthán
Irish: scáthán

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *sḱeh₃-tu- (either masculine or neuter), from the root *(s)ḱeh₃-. Matasovic erroneously neglects that Old Irish scáth partly declines as a u-stem, a type of inflection which is also clearly seen in Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skadus). Further cognates include Old English sċeadu, Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos), and Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra).


bledyos

bledyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
bledyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
bledyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
bledye (masculine singular stem vocative)
bledyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
bledyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
bledyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
bledyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
bledyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
bledyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
bledyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
bledyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
bledyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
bledyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
bledyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
bledyei (locative masculine singular stem)
bledyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
bledyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
bledyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Brythonic: *blėð
Old Breton: bleid
Middle Breton: bleiz
Breton: bleiz
Old Cornish: bleit
Cornish: bleydh
Middle Welsh: bleidd
Welsh: blaidd

*bledā

Old Irish: bled

Unknown. Probably borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


tartus

tartus (nominative singular)
tartū (dual nominative)
tartowes (nominative plural)
tartu (singular vocative)
tartū (dual vocative)
tartūs (plural vocative)
tartum (accusative singular)
tartū (accusative dual)
tartums (accusative plural)
tartous (genitive singular)
tartous (dual genitive)
tartowom (genitive plural)
tartou (dative singular)
tartubom (dative dual)
tartubos (dative plural)
tartū (instrumental singular)
tartubim (dual instrumental)
tartubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tarθ

Middle Welsh: tarth (“vapour”)

Welsh: tarth (“mist, fog”)

Old Irish: tart (“thirst”)

desc

Irish: tart (“thirst, dryness, drought”)

Scottish Gaelic: tart (“thirst, drought”)

Manx: taart (“thirst”)

From Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þurstuz (“thirst”).


tlinati

tlinami (active first-person present singular)
tlinamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tlinasi (active present second-person singular)
tlinatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tlinati (active present singular third-person)
tlinato (active imperfect singular third-person)
tlinamosi (active first-person plural present)
tlinamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tlinatesi (active plural present second-person)
tlinastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
tlinanti (active plural present third-person)
tlinanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
tlina (active imperative second-person singular)
tlinatou (active imperative singular third-person)
tlinamos (active first-person imperative plural)
tlinate (active imperative plural second-person)
tlinantou (active imperative plural third-person)
tlinar (first-person passive present singular)
tlinatar (passive present second-person singular)
tlinator (passive present singular third-person)
tlinammor (first-person passive plural present)
tlinadwe (passive plural present second-person)
tlinantor (passive plural present third-person)

Old Irish: tlenaid


wēdus

wēdus (nominative singular)
wēdū (dual nominative)
wēdowes (nominative plural)
wēdu (singular vocative)
wēdū (dual vocative)
wēdūs (plural vocative)
wēdum (accusative singular)
wēdū (accusative dual)
wēdums (accusative plural)
wēdous (genitive singular)
wēdous (dual genitive)
wēdowom (genitive plural)
wēdou (dative singular)
wēdubom (dative dual)
wēdubos (dative plural)
wēdū (instrumental singular)
wēdubim (dual instrumental)
wēdubis (instrumental plural)
wēdu (nominative singular)
wēdwā (nominative plural)
wēdwā (plural vocative)
wēdu (accusative singular)
wēdwā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: fíad

Irish: fia

Manx: feeaih

Scottish Gaelic: fiadh

Proto-Brythonic: *guɨð

Old Breton: guoid, guoed

Middle Breton: goez

Breton: gouez

Middle Welsh: gwyð

Welsh: gŵydd

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *Guɨðel

Breton: Gouezel

Cornish: Goedhel, Godhal

Old Welsh: Guoidel

Middle Welsh: Gwyðyl, Guoiðel

Welsh: Gwyddel

desctree

→ Old Irish: Goídel
Middle Irish: Goídel, Gaídel
Irish: Gaoidheal, Gael
Manx: Gael
Scottish Gaelic: Gàidheal, earlier also Gaoidheal

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- (“wood, wilderness”).


Maglokunos

Maglokunos (masculine nominative singular stem)
Maglokune (masculine singular stem vocative)
Maglokunom (accusative masculine singular stem)
Maglokunī (genitive masculine singular stem)
Maglokunūi (dative masculine singular stem)
Maglokunei (locative masculine singular stem)
Maglokunū (instrumental masculine singular stem)

desctree

Brythonic: *Maɨlgun
Old Welsh: Mailgun
Middle Welsh: Maelgwn
Welsh: Maelgwn
→ Late Latin: Maglocunus
→ English: Maglocune

Old Irish: Máelchú, Melcho

From *maglos (“noble”) + *kunos (“dog”).


maginos

maginos (masculine nominative singular stem)
maginou (dual masculine nominative stem)
maginoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
magine (masculine singular stem vocative)
maginou (dual masculine stem vocative)
maginūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
maginom (accusative masculine singular stem)
maginou (accusative dual masculine stem)
maginoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
maginī (genitive masculine singular stem)
maginous (dual genitive masculine stem)
maginom (genitive masculine plural stem)
maginūi (dative masculine singular stem)
maginobom (dative dual masculine stem)
maginobos (dative masculine plural stem)
maginei (locative masculine singular stem)
maginū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
maginobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
maginūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Brythonic: *maɣɨn
Old Breton: main
Middle Breton: main, maen, men
Breton: maen
⇒ Breton: maen-hir
→ French: menhir
Cornish: men
Middle Welsh: maen
Welsh: maen

Old Irish: magen

Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂- (“big, great”); compare *magos (“field”) and Sanskrit मही (mahī, “earth”, literally “the great one”) for similar semantic developments from the same root.


ɸrostos

ɸrostos (masculine nominative singular stem)
ɸrostou (dual masculine nominative stem)
ɸrostoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
ɸroste (masculine singular stem vocative)
ɸrostou (dual masculine stem vocative)
ɸrostūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
ɸrostom (accusative masculine singular stem)
ɸrostou (accusative dual masculine stem)
ɸrostoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
ɸrostī (genitive masculine singular stem)
ɸrostous (dual genitive masculine stem)
ɸrostom (genitive masculine plural stem)
ɸrostūi (dative masculine singular stem)
ɸrostobom (dative dual masculine stem)
ɸrostobos (dative masculine plural stem)
ɸrostei (locative masculine singular stem)
ɸrostū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
ɸrostobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
ɸrostūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *rros
Middle Breton: ros
Cornish: ros
Middle Welsh: ros
Welsh: rhos

Old Irish: ros
Irish: ros (“wood”)
Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

From Proto-Indo-European *pró-sth₂-os, a derivative of *steh₂- (“to stand”), the overall semantics being "something standing ahead". The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.

Noun used in the daughter languages to refer to various protruding natural landforms, including:


ɸrikā

ɸrikā (nominative singular)
ɸrikai (dual nominative)
ɸrikās (nominative plural)
ɸrikā (singular vocative)
ɸrikai (dual vocative)
ɸrikās (plural vocative)
ɸrikam (accusative singular)
ɸrikai (accusative dual)
ɸrikāms (accusative plural)
ɸrikās (genitive singular)
ɸrikous (dual genitive)
ɸrikom (genitive plural)
ɸrikāi (dative singular)
ɸrikābom (dative dual)
ɸrikābos (dative plural)
ɸrikai (locative singular)
ɸrikābim (dual instrumental)
ɸrikābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *rrɨx
Old Breton: rec
Middle Breton: rec
Breton: re
Middle Welsh: rych, rhych
Welsh: rhych

Old Irish: etrech

Middle Irish: etarche, etrige, eitre

Gaulish: *rikā

→ Late Latin: riga

Catalan: rec, rega

Old French: roie

French: raie

Provençal: rega

Galician: rego

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥keh₂ (“furrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *furhs (“furrow”), Latin porca (“ridge, balk”), Lithuanian prapar̃šas (“ditch”), and Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”).


kowwaris

kowwaris (nominative singular)
kowwarī (dual nominative)
kowwarīs (nominative plural)
kowwari (singular vocative)
kowwarī (dual vocative)
kowwarīs (plural vocative)
kowwarim (accusative singular)
kowwarī (accusative dual)
kowwarims (accusative plural)
kowwarēs (genitive singular)
kowwaryou (dual genitive)
kowwaryom (genitive plural)
kowwarē (dative singular)
kowwaribom (dative dual)
kowwaribos (dative plural)
kowwarī (instrumental singular)
kowwaribim (dual instrumental)
kowwaribis (instrumental plural)
kowwari (nominative singular)
kowwaryā (nominative plural)
kowwaryā (plural vocative)
kowwari (accusative singular)
kowwaryā (accusative plural)
kowwarois (genitive singular)
kowwarois (dual genitive)

Proto-Brythonic: *küwėr
Old Welsh: couer
Middle Welsh: kyweir, cyweir
Welsh: cywair

Old Irish: cóir, coair, coïr
Middle Irish: cóir
Irish: cóir
Scottish Gaelic: còir
Manx: cair

Matasović believes this to be from *kom- (“with”) + a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”).


kliyos

kliyos (nominative singular)
kliyou (dual nominative)
kliyoi (nominative plural)
kliye (singular vocative)
kliyou (dual vocative)
kliyoi (plural vocative)
kliyom (accusative singular)
kliyou (accusative dual)
kliyoms (accusative plural)
kliyī (genitive singular)
kliyous (dual genitive)
kliyom (genitive plural)
kliyūi (dative singular)
kliyobom (dative dual)
kliyobos (dative plural)
kliyū (instrumental singular)
kliyobim (dual instrumental)
kliyobis (instrumental plural)
kliyā (nominative singular)
kliyai (dual nominative)
kliyās (nominative plural)
kliyā (singular vocative)
kliyai (dual vocative)
kliyās (plural vocative)
kliyam (accusative singular)
kliyai (accusative dual)
kliyams (accusative plural)
kliyās (genitive singular)
kliyai (dative singular)
kliyābom (dative dual)
kliyābos (dative plural)
kliyābim (dual instrumental)
kliyābis (instrumental plural)
kliyom (nominative singular)
kliyā (nominative plural)
kliyom (singular vocative)
kliyā (plural vocative)
kliyā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *kleð

Breton: kleiz

Cornish: cleth

Welsh: cledd

Old Irish: clé
Middle Irish: clé
Irish: clé
Scottish Gaelic: clì
Manx: clee

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰 (hleiduma, “left”), and Latin clīvius (“inauspicious”). The left direction was considered a taboo and all Indo-European words meaning "left" come from words meaning "bent" or "crooked" as a result.


maglos

maglos (masculine nominative singular stem)
maglou (dual masculine nominative stem)
magloi (masculine nominative plural stem)
magle (masculine singular stem vocative)
maglou (dual masculine stem vocative)
maglūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
maglom (accusative masculine singular stem)
maglou (accusative dual masculine stem)
magloms (accusative masculine plural stem)
maglī (genitive masculine singular stem)
maglous (dual genitive masculine stem)
maglom (genitive masculine plural stem)
maglūi (dative masculine singular stem)
maglobom (dative dual masculine stem)
maglobos (dative masculine plural stem)
maglei (locative masculine singular stem)
maglū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
maglobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
maglūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *maɣl
Middle Welsh: mael

Primitive Irish: *ᚋᚐᚌᚂᚔ (*magli)
Old Irish: mál

Gaulish: magalos, maglus

From Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *mikilaz, Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas).


ambisuweti

Old Irish: imm·soí

Irish: iompaigh

Middle Welsh: amheu

Welsh: amau

From *ambi- + *suweti, from Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁- (“to move”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (šuwezzi) and Sanskrit सुवति (suváti)).


glūnos

glūnos (neuter nominative singular)
glūnese? (dual neuter nominative)
glūnesa (neuter nominative plural)
glūnos (neuter singular vocative)
glūnese? (dual neuter vocative)
glūnesa (neuter plural vocative)
glūnos (accusative neuter singular)
glūnese? (accusative dual neuter)
glūnesa (accusative neuter plural)
glūnesos (genitive neuter singular)
glūnesous? (dual genitive neuter)
glūnesom (genitive neuter plural)
glūnesē (dative neuter singular)
glūnesbom (dative dual neuter)
glūnesbos (dative neuter plural)
glūnesi (locative neuter singular)
glūnesē (instrumental neuter singular)
glūnesbim (dual instrumental neuter)
glūnesbis (instrumental neuter plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *glin
Breton: glin
Cornish: glin
Welsh: glin

Old Irish: glún
Irish: glúin
Manx: glioon
Scottish Gaelic: glùin

Dissimilated from earlier *gnūn-, *gnūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Compare with Albanian gju for a similar development.


strutis

strutis (nominative singular)
strutī (dual nominative)
strutīs (nominative plural)
struti (singular vocative)
strutī (dual vocative)
strutīs (plural vocative)
strutim (accusative singular)
strutī (accusative dual)
strutims (accusative plural)
strutēs (genitive singular)
strutyou (dual genitive)
strutyom (genitive plural)
strutē (dative singular)
strutibom (dative dual)
strutibos (dative plural)
strutī (instrumental singular)
strutibim (dual instrumental)
strutibis (instrumental plural)
struti (nominative singular)
strutyā (nominative plural)
strutyā (plural vocative)
struti (accusative singular)
strutyā (accusative plural)
strutois (genitive singular)
strutois (dual genitive)

Proto-Brythonic: *strud

Old Breton: strot

Old Welsh: strutiu pl

Old Irish: sruith (“old, venerable”)

Irish: sruith

Only Balto-Slavic cognates are known, such as Polish stryj (“uncle”).


damnyos

damnyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
damnyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
damnyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
damnye (masculine singular stem vocative)
damnyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
damnyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
damnyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
damnyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
damnyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
damnyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
damnyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
damnyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
damnyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
damnyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
damnyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
damnyei (locative masculine singular stem)
damnyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
damnyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
damnyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *dėβ̃nɨð (< *damniyo-)

Old Breton: daffnez

Middle Breton: danuez

Breton: danvez

Cornish: defnydh, devnydh

Middle Welsh: devnydh

Welsh: defnydd

Old Irish: damnae

Irish: damhna

Scottish Gaelic: damhna

From Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to build (up)”).


-ālos

-ālos (nominative singular)
-ālou (dual nominative)
-āloi (nominative plural)
-āle (singular vocative)
-ālou (dual vocative)
-āloi (plural vocative)
-ālom (accusative singular)
-ālou (accusative dual)
-āloms (accusative plural)
-ālī (genitive singular)
-ālous (dual genitive)
-ālom (genitive plural)
-ālūi (dative singular)
-ālobom (dative dual)
-ālobos (dative plural)
-ālū (instrumental singular)
-ālobim (dual instrumental)
-ālobis (instrumental plural)
-ālā (nominative singular)
-ālai (dual nominative)
-ālās (nominative plural)
-ālā (singular vocative)
-ālai (dual vocative)
-ālās (plural vocative)
-ālam (accusative singular)
-ālai (accusative dual)
-ālams (accusative plural)
-ālās (genitive singular)
-ālai (dative singular)
-ālābom (dative dual)
-ālābos (dative plural)
-ālābim (dual instrumental)
-ālābis (instrumental plural)
-ālom (nominative singular)
-ālā (nominative plural)
-ālom (singular vocative)
-ālā (plural vocative)
-ālā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *-ọl

Old Breton: -ol

Middle Breton: -el

Breton: -el

Cornish: -el

Old Welsh: -ol

Middle Welsh: -awl

Welsh: -ol

Old Irish: -all

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂los, from *-eh₂ (a-stem suffix) + *-lós (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Latin -ālis.


bodaros

bodaros (nominative singular)
bodarou (dual nominative)
bodaroi (nominative plural)
bodare (singular vocative)
bodarou (dual vocative)
bodaroi (plural vocative)
bodarom (accusative singular)
bodarou (accusative dual)
bodaroms (accusative plural)
bodarī (genitive singular)
bodarous (dual genitive)
bodarom (genitive plural)
bodarūi (dative singular)
bodarobom (dative dual)
bodarobos (dative plural)
bodarū (instrumental singular)
bodarobim (dual instrumental)
bodarobis (instrumental plural)
bodarā (nominative singular)
bodarai (dual nominative)
bodarās (nominative plural)
bodarā (singular vocative)
bodarai (dual vocative)
bodarās (plural vocative)
bodaram (accusative singular)
bodarai (accusative dual)
bodarams (accusative plural)
bodarās (genitive singular)
bodarai (dative singular)
bodarābom (dative dual)
bodarābos (dative plural)
bodarābim (dual instrumental)
bodarābis (instrumental plural)
bodarom (nominative singular)
bodarā (nominative plural)
bodarom (singular vocative)
bodarā (plural vocative)
bodarā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *boðar
Breton: bouzar
Cornish: bodhar
Welsh: byddar

Old Irish: bodar
Irish: bodhar
Manx: bouyr
Scottish Gaelic: bodhar

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰHrós (“deaf”). Cognate to Sanskrit बधिर (badhirá).


eburos

eburos (masculine nominative singular stem)
eburou (dual masculine nominative stem)
eburoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
ebure (masculine singular stem vocative)
eburou (dual masculine stem vocative)
eburūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
eburom (accusative masculine singular stem)
eburou (accusative dual masculine stem)
eburoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
eburī (genitive masculine singular stem)
eburous (dual genitive masculine stem)
eburom (genitive masculine plural stem)
eburūi (dative masculine singular stem)
eburobom (dative dual masculine stem)
eburobos (dative masculine plural stem)
eburei (locative masculine singular stem)
eburū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
eburobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
eburūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *eβor
Middle Breton: heuor, euor
Breton: evor (“alder buckthorn”)
Cornish: evor (“hogweed”)
Middle Welsh: efwr, ewr
Welsh: efwr (“hogweed, cow parsnip”)

Old Irish: ibar
Irish: iúr, iobhar (obsolete); úr
Manx: euar
Scottish Gaelic: iubhar

Gaulish: eburo-

→⇒ Latin: Eburobriga

→⇒ Latin: Eburodūnum

→⇒? Latin: Eburōnes

Celtiberian: ebur-

→⇒ Latin: Eburobrittium

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ebʰros (“yew”). Cognate with German Eberesche, Albanian bërshen.


ambostā

ambostā (nominative singular)
ambostai (dual nominative)
ambostās (nominative plural)
ambostā (singular vocative)
ambostai (dual vocative)
ambostās (plural vocative)
ambostam (accusative singular)
ambostai (accusative dual)
ambostāms (accusative plural)
ambostās (genitive singular)
ambostous (dual genitive)
ambostom (genitive plural)
ambostāi (dative singular)
ambostābom (dative dual)
ambostābos (dative plural)
ambostai (locative singular)
ambostābim (dual instrumental)
ambostābis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: *ambostā

→ Vulgar Latin: *ambosta (see there for further descendants)


yātus

yātus (nominative singular)
yātū (dual nominative)
yātowes (nominative plural)
yātu (singular vocative)
yātū (dual vocative)
yātūs (plural vocative)
yātum (accusative singular)
yātū (accusative dual)
yātums (accusative plural)
yātous (genitive singular)
yātous (dual genitive)
yātowom (genitive plural)
yātou (dative singular)
yātubom (dative dual)
yātubos (dative plural)
yātū (instrumental singular)
yātubim (dual instrumental)
yātubis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: áth

Irish: áth

Manx: aah

Scottish Gaelic: àth

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go”).


bodyos

bodyos (nominative singular)
bodyou (dual nominative)
bodyoi (nominative plural)
bodye (singular vocative)
bodyou (dual vocative)
bodyoi (plural vocative)
bodyom (accusative singular)
bodyou (accusative dual)
bodyoms (accusative plural)
bodyī (genitive singular)
bodyous (dual genitive)
bodyom (genitive plural)
bodyūi (dative singular)
bodyobom (dative dual)
bodyobos (dative plural)
bodyū (instrumental singular)
bodyobim (dual instrumental)
bodyobis (instrumental plural)
bodyā (nominative singular)
bodyai (dual nominative)
bodyās (nominative plural)
bodyā (singular vocative)
bodyai (dual vocative)
bodyās (plural vocative)
bodyam (accusative singular)
bodyai (accusative dual)
bodyams (accusative plural)
bodyās (genitive singular)
bodyai (dative singular)
bodyābom (dative dual)
bodyābos (dative plural)
bodyābim (dual instrumental)
bodyābis (instrumental plural)
bodyom (nominative singular)
bodyā (nominative plural)
bodyom (singular vocative)
bodyā (plural vocative)
bodyā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: *Bayos (proper name), *Bodyokasses (“Baiocasses”)

Gallo-Latin: Baius

→ Latin: Baiocasses

Old Irish: buide, boide
Irish: buí
Manx: buigh, bwee
Scottish Gaelic: buidhe

From Proto-Indo-European *bodyos (“yellow”). Cognate with Latin badius.


sindos

sindos (nominative singular)
sindou (dual nominative)
sindoi (nominative plural)
sinde (singular vocative)
sindou (dual vocative)
sindūs (plural vocative)
sindom (accusative singular)
sindou (accusative dual)
sindoms (accusative plural)
sindī (genitive singular)
sindous (dual genitive)
sindoisom (genitive plural)
sindūi (dative singular)
sindobom (dative dual)
sindobos (dative plural)
sindū (instrumental singular)
sindobim (dual instrumental)
sindobis (instrumental plural)
sindā (nominative singular)
sindai (dual nominative)
sindās (nominative plural)
sindā (singular vocative)
sindai (dual vocative)
sindās (plural vocative)
sindam (accusative singular)
sindai (accusative dual)
sindams (accusative plural)
sindās (genitive singular)
sindai (dative singular)
sindābom (dative dual)
sindābos (dative plural)
sindābim (dual instrumental)
sindābis (instrumental plural)
sosim (nominative singular)
sinde (nominative singular)
sindā (nominative plural)
sosim (singular vocative)
sindā (plural vocative)
sosim (accusative singular)
sinde (accusative singular)
sindā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: sin, in

Irish: sin, an

Scottish Gaelic: sin, an

Manx: shen, yn

Brythonic:

Breton: an, ar, al

Cornish: an

Old Welsh: hinn; ir

Welsh: hyn; y, yr, 'r

From Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”) + -m̥ (compare *sih₂m̥, accusative of *sih₂) + *de ~ *do (demonstrative particle).


aryos

aryos (masculine nominative singular stem)
aryou (dual masculine nominative stem)
aryoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
arye (masculine singular stem vocative)
aryou (dual masculine stem vocative)
aryūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
aryom (accusative masculine singular stem)
aryou (accusative dual masculine stem)
aryoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
aryī (genitive masculine singular stem)
aryous (dual genitive masculine stem)
aryom (genitive masculine plural stem)
aryūi (dative masculine singular stem)
aryobom (dative dual masculine stem)
aryobos (dative masculine plural stem)
aryei (locative masculine singular stem)
aryū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
aryobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
aryūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Old Irish: aire

Irish: aire

Gaulish: arios

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éry-o-s (“host”), perhaps from an original *yo-stem. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *arjaz (“distinguished, esteemed”), Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “kind, hospitable”).


karāyeti

karāyū (active first-person present singular)
karāyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikarasū (active first-person future singular)
karasam (active first-person preterite singular)
karāyesi (active present second-person singular)
karāyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikarasesi (active future second-person singular)
karass (active preterite second-person singular)
karāyeti (active present singular third-person)
karāyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikaraseti (active future singular third-person)
karast (active preterite singular third-person)
karāyomosi (active first-person plural present)
karāyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikarasomosi (active first-person future plural)
karasme (active first-person plural preterite)
karāyetesi (active plural present second-person)
karāyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikarasetesi (active future plural second-person)
karaste (active plural preterite second-person)
karāyonti (active plural present third-person)
karāyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikarasonti (active future plural third-person)
karasant (active plural preterite third-person)
karasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
karasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
karāye (active imperative second-person singular)
karaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
karāyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
karasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
karāyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
karasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
karāyete (active imperative plural second-person)
karasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
karāyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
karāyūr (first-person passive present singular)
kikarasūr (first-person future passive singular)
karāyetar (passive present second-person singular)
kikarasetar (future passive second-person singular)
karāyetor (passive present singular third-person)
kikarasetor (future passive singular third-person)
karāyommor (first-person passive plural present)
kikarasommor (first-person future passive plural)
karāyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikarasedwe (future passive plural second-person)
karāyontor (passive plural present third-person)
kikarasontor (future passive plural third-person)
karasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
karasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
karasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
karasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
karasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
karasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
karatos (nominative singular)
karatou (dual nominative)
karatoi (nominative plural)
karate (singular vocative)
karatou (dual vocative)
karatoi (plural vocative)
karatom (accusative singular)
karatou (accusative dual)
karatoms (accusative plural)
karatī (genitive singular)
karatous (dual genitive)
karatom (genitive plural)
karatūi (dative singular)
karatobom (dative dual)
karatobos (dative plural)
karatū (instrumental singular)
karatobim (dual instrumental)
karatobis (instrumental plural)
karatā (nominative singular)
karatai (dual nominative)
karatās (nominative plural)
karatā (singular vocative)
karatai (dual vocative)
karatās (plural vocative)
karatam (accusative singular)
karatai (accusative dual)
karatams (accusative plural)
karatās (genitive singular)
karatai (dative singular)
karatābom (dative dual)
karatābos (dative plural)
karatābim (dual instrumental)
karatābis (instrumental plural)
karatom (nominative singular)
karatā (nominative plural)
karatom (singular vocative)
karatā (plural vocative)
karatā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *karɨd

Cornish: kara

Middle Breton: caret

Breton: karout

Welsh: caru

Old Irish: caraid, ·cara

Irish: car

Celtiberian: Kara-

Gaulish: Caro-, -carus

From *karos (“dear, beloved”) + *-āyeti. Parallel formation with Proto-Germanic *hōrōjaną (“to commit adultery”).


iwos

iwos (masculine nominative singular stem)
iwou (dual masculine nominative stem)
iwoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
iwe (masculine singular stem vocative)
iwou (dual masculine stem vocative)
iwūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
iwom (accusative masculine singular stem)
iwou (accusative dual masculine stem)
iwoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
iwī (genitive masculine singular stem)
iwous (dual genitive masculine stem)
iwom (genitive masculine plural stem)
iwūi (dative masculine singular stem)
iwobom (dative dual masculine stem)
iwobos (dative masculine plural stem)
iwei (locative masculine singular stem)
iwū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
iwobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
iwūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *ɨwī pl, *ɨwɨnā (collective)

Breton: ivin (collective)

Old Cornish: hiuin

Cornish: ywin

Welsh: yw pl

Gaulish: *iwos

→? French: if (possibly)

Old Irish: eó

Irish: eo

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (“yew”), Latin ūva (“grape”), Ancient Greek ὄα (óa, “service tree”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).


tigus

tigus (nominative singular)
tigū (dual nominative)
tigowes (nominative plural)
tigu (singular vocative)
tigū (dual vocative)
tigūs (plural vocative)
tigum (accusative singular)
tigū (accusative dual)
tigums (accusative plural)
tigous (genitive singular)
tigous (dual genitive)
tigowom (genitive plural)
tigou (dative singular)
tigubom (dative dual)
tigubos (dative plural)
tigū (instrumental singular)
tigubim (dual instrumental)
tigubis (instrumental plural)
tigu (nominative singular)
tigwā (nominative plural)
tigwā (plural vocative)
tigu (accusative singular)
tigwā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: tiug- (“last”)

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru derives this from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting”).


ēskyom

ēskyom (nominative singular)
ēskyou (dual nominative)
ēskyā (nominative plural)
ēskyom (singular vocative)
ēskyou (dual vocative)
ēskyā (plural vocative)
ēskyom (accusative singular)
ēskyou (accusative dual)
ēskyā (accusative plural)
ēskyī (genitive singular)
ēskyous (dual genitive)
ēskyom (genitive plural)
ēskyūi (dative singular)
ēskyobom (dative dual)
ēskyobos (dative plural)
ēskyei (locative singular)
ēskyū (instrumental singular)
ēskyobim (dual instrumental)
ēskyūis (instrumental plural)

Matasović derives this from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysk- (“to shine, glitter”). However, Zair is confused at this etymology, pointing out that the *ē should not have remained as é before the unpalatalized consonant cluster in Old Irish; instead it should have broken into ía.


esoxs

esoxs (nominative singular)
esoke (dual nominative)
esokes (nominative plural)
esoxs (singular vocative)
esoke (dual vocative)
esokes (plural vocative)
esokam (accusative singular)
esoke (accusative dual)
esokams (accusative plural)
esokos (genitive singular)
esokou (dual genitive)
esokom (genitive plural)
esokei (dative singular)
esokobom (dative dual)
esokobos (dative plural)
esoki (locative singular)
esoke? (instrumental singular)
esokobim (dual instrumental)
esokobis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: eóIrish: eoScottish Gaelic: eò


ɸarederkos

ɸarederkos (nominative singular)
ɸarederkou (dual nominative)
ɸarederkoi (nominative plural)
ɸarederke (singular vocative)
ɸarederkou (dual vocative)
ɸarederkoi (plural vocative)
ɸarederkom (accusative singular)
ɸarederkou (accusative dual)
ɸarederkoms (accusative plural)
ɸarederkī (genitive singular)
ɸarederkous (dual genitive)
ɸarederkom (genitive plural)
ɸarederkūi (dative singular)
ɸarederkobom (dative dual)
ɸarederkobos (dative plural)
ɸarederkū (instrumental singular)
ɸarederkobim (dual instrumental)
ɸarederkobis (instrumental plural)
ɸarederkā (nominative singular)
ɸarederkai (dual nominative)
ɸarederkās (nominative plural)
ɸarederkā (singular vocative)
ɸarederkai (dual vocative)
ɸarederkās (plural vocative)
ɸarederkam (accusative singular)
ɸarederkai (accusative dual)
ɸarederkams (accusative plural)
ɸarederkās (genitive singular)
ɸarederkai (dative singular)
ɸarederkābom (dative dual)
ɸarederkābos (dative plural)
ɸarederkābim (dual instrumental)
ɸarederkābis (instrumental plural)
ɸarederkom (nominative singular)
ɸarederkā (nominative plural)
ɸarederkom (singular vocative)
ɸarederkā (plural vocative)
ɸarederkā (accusative plural)

From *ɸare (“in front of”) + *derkos (“to see”), which is from *derḱ- (“to see”).

compound

ardderchog

magnificent, excellent, eminent, famous, noble


kīkos

kīkos (neuter nominative singular)
kīkese? (dual neuter nominative)
kīkesa (neuter nominative plural)
kīkos (neuter singular vocative)
kīkese? (dual neuter vocative)
kīkesa (neuter plural vocative)
kīkos (accusative neuter singular)
kīkese? (accusative dual neuter)
kīkesa (accusative neuter plural)
kīkesos (genitive neuter singular)
kīkesous? (dual genitive neuter)
kīkesom (genitive neuter plural)
kīkesē (dative neuter singular)
kīkesbom (dative dual neuter)
kīkesbos (dative neuter plural)
kīkesi (locative neuter singular)
kīkesē (instrumental neuter singular)
kīkesbim (dual instrumental neuter)
kīkesbis (instrumental neuter plural)

Assumed to be of expressive/imitative origin, common for female body parts (cf. unrelated English tit, German Zitze (“teat”)).
The masculine gender of the Brythonic forms and potential evidence of the Old Irish daughter form being a neuter s-stem leads Matasović (2009) to propose possibly reconstructing the Proto-Celtic form as an s-stem neuter.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Old Irish: cíchMiddle Irish: cích fIrish: cíochManx: keeaghScottish Gaelic: cìoch


sterkā

sterkā (nominative singular)
sterkai (dual nominative)
sterkās (nominative plural)
sterkā (singular vocative)
sterkai (dual vocative)
sterkās (plural vocative)
sterkam (accusative singular)
sterkai (accusative dual)
sterkāms (accusative plural)
sterkās (genitive singular)
sterkous (dual genitive)
sterkom (genitive plural)
sterkāi (dative singular)
sterkābom (dative dual)
sterkābos (dative plural)
sterkai (locative singular)
sterkābim (dual instrumental)
sterkābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *serx

desc

Breton: serc'h f (“concubine, mistress”)

Welsh: serch m

desctree

Old Irish: serc f
Irish: searc
Scottish Gaelic: seirc

From Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“to love”). Cognate to Ancient Greek στέργω (stérgō, “to love”). Matasović notes that the disparity of voicing of the final root consonants can be resolved by assuming a back-formation from a consonant stem because the nominative *-xs can be used by both stems in *-k and *-g.


toɸareuɸokaneti

toɸareuɸokanū (active first-person present singular)
toɸareuɸokanemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
toɸareuɸokikanāsū (active first-person future singular)
toɸareuɸokekāna (active first-person preterite singular)
toɸareuɸokanesi (active present second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokanetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokikanāsesi (active future second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokekānas? (active preterite second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokaneti (active present singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokaneto (active imperfect singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāseti (active future singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokekāne (active preterite singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokanomosi (active first-person plural present)
toɸareuɸokanemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
toɸareuɸokikanāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
toɸareuɸokekānmo (active first-person plural preterite)
toɸareuɸokanetesi (active plural present second-person)
toɸareuɸokanestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
toɸareuɸokekāne (active plural preterite second-person)
toɸareuɸokanonti (active plural present third-person)
toɸareuɸokanento (active imperfect plural third-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāsonti (active future plural third-person)
toɸareuɸokekānars (active plural preterite third-person)
toɸareuɸokanasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokane (active imperative second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokanaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
toɸareuɸokanetou (active imperative singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokanasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanomos (active first-person imperative plural)
toɸareuɸokanasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanete (active imperative plural second-person)
toɸareuɸokanasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
toɸareuɸokanontou (active imperative plural third-person)
toɸareuɸokanūr (first-person passive present singular)
toɸareuɸokikanāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
toɸareuɸokanetar (passive present second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokikanāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
toɸareuɸokanetor (passive present singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
toɸareuɸokanommor (first-person passive plural present)
toɸareuɸokikanāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
toɸareuɸokanedwe (passive plural present second-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
toɸareuɸokanontor (passive plural present third-person)
toɸareuɸokikanāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
toɸareuɸokanasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
toɸareuɸokanasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
toɸareuɸokanasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
toɸareuɸokantos (nominative singular)
toɸareuɸokantou (dual nominative)
toɸareuɸokantoi (nominative plural)
toɸareuɸokante (singular vocative)
toɸareuɸokantou (dual vocative)
toɸareuɸokantoi (plural vocative)
toɸareuɸokantom (accusative singular)
toɸareuɸokantou (accusative dual)
toɸareuɸokantoms (accusative plural)
toɸareuɸokantī (genitive singular)
toɸareuɸokantous (dual genitive)
toɸareuɸokantom (genitive plural)
toɸareuɸokantūi (dative singular)
toɸareuɸokantobom (dative dual)
toɸareuɸokantobos (dative plural)
toɸareuɸokantū (instrumental singular)
toɸareuɸokantobim (dual instrumental)
toɸareuɸokantobis (instrumental plural)
toɸareuɸokantā (nominative singular)
toɸareuɸokantai (dual nominative)
toɸareuɸokantās (nominative plural)
toɸareuɸokantā (singular vocative)
toɸareuɸokantai (dual vocative)
toɸareuɸokantās (plural vocative)
toɸareuɸokantam (accusative singular)
toɸareuɸokantai (accusative dual)
toɸareuɸokantams (accusative plural)
toɸareuɸokantās (genitive singular)
toɸareuɸokantai (dative singular)
toɸareuɸokantābom (dative dual)
toɸareuɸokantābos (dative plural)
toɸareuɸokantābim (dual instrumental)
toɸareuɸokantābis (instrumental plural)
toɸareuɸokantom (nominative singular)
toɸareuɸokantā (nominative plural)
toɸareuɸokantom (singular vocative)
toɸareuɸokantā (plural vocative)
toɸareuɸokantā (accusative plural)

A triply-prefixed form *to- + *ɸare- + *uɸo- + *kaneti.

darcenneti

Proto-Brythonic: *dėrwɵ̇gėnɨd; Old Breton


toybos

toybos (masculine nominative singular stem)
toybou (dual masculine nominative stem)
toyboi (masculine nominative plural stem)
toybe (masculine singular stem vocative)
toybou (dual masculine stem vocative)
toybūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
toybom (accusative masculine singular stem)
toybou (accusative dual masculine stem)
toyboms (accusative masculine plural stem)
toybī (genitive masculine singular stem)
toybous (dual genitive masculine stem)
toybom (genitive masculine plural stem)
toybūi (dative masculine singular stem)
toybobom (dative dual masculine stem)
toybobos (dative masculine plural stem)
toybei (locative masculine singular stem)
toybū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
toybobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
toybūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Possibly from an o-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *(s)teygʷ- (“flank, side”). Compare Old Armenian թեկն (tʻekn, “shoulder, scapula, back”) and Proto-Slavic *stegno (“thigh, flank”).

cog

toíbIrish: taobhManx: çheuScottish Gaelic: taobh


sounos

sounos (masculine nominative singular stem)
sounou (dual masculine nominative stem)
sounoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
soune (masculine singular stem vocative)
sounou (dual masculine stem vocative)
sounūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
sounom (accusative masculine singular stem)
sounou (accusative dual masculine stem)
sounoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
sounī (genitive masculine singular stem)
sounous (dual genitive masculine stem)
sounom (genitive masculine plural stem)
sounūi (dative masculine singular stem)
sounobom (dative dual masculine stem)
sounobos (dative masculine plural stem)
sounei (locative masculine singular stem)
sounū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
sounobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
sounūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *hʉn
Middle Breton: hun
Old Cornish: hun
Middle Cornish: hun
Middle Welsh: hun
Welsh: hun

Old Irish: súan
Irish: suan
Scottish Gaelic: suain

Gaulish: *sounos

desc

⇒ Gaulish: *Kissōnyos (“Gaulish deity associated with Mercury”)

→ Latin: Cissonius


gnināti

gnināmi (active first-person present singular)
gninamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
gignāsū (active first-person future singular)
gegnū (active first-person preterite singular)
gnināsi (active present second-person singular)
gninatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gignāsesi (active future second-person singular)
gegnūs (active preterite second-person singular)
gnināti (active present singular third-person)
gninato (active imperfect singular third-person)
gignāseti (active future singular third-person)
gegnū (active preterite singular third-person)
gninamosi (active first-person plural present)
gninamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gignāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
gegnamo (active first-person plural preterite)
gninatesi (active plural present second-person)
gninastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gignāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
gegnate (active plural preterite second-person)
gninonti (active plural present third-person)
gninanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
gignāsonti (active future plural third-person)
gegnars (active plural preterite third-person)
gnāsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gnāsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gninā (active imperative second-person singular)
gnāseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gninātou (active imperative singular third-person)
gnāsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gninamos (active first-person imperative plural)
gnāsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gninate (active imperative plural second-person)
gnāsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gninontou (active imperative plural third-person)
gninār (first-person passive present singular)
gignāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
gninātar (passive present second-person singular)
gignāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
gninātor (passive present singular third-person)
gignāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
gninammor (first-person passive plural present)
gignāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
gninadwe (passive plural present second-person)
gignāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
gninontor (passive plural present third-person)
gignāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
gnāsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gnāsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gnāsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gnāsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gnāsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gnāsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gnātos (nominative singular)
gnātou (dual nominative)
gnātoi (nominative plural)
gnāte (singular vocative)
gnātou (dual vocative)
gnātoi (plural vocative)
gnātom (accusative singular)
gnātou (accusative dual)
gnātoms (accusative plural)
gnātī (genitive singular)
gnātous (dual genitive)
gnātom (genitive plural)
gnātūi (dative singular)
gnātobom (dative dual)
gnātobos (dative plural)
gnātū (instrumental singular)
gnātobim (dual instrumental)
gnātobis (instrumental plural)
gnātā (nominative singular)
gnātai (dual nominative)
gnātās (nominative plural)
gnātā (singular vocative)
gnātai (dual vocative)
gnātās (plural vocative)
gnātam (accusative singular)
gnātai (accusative dual)
gnātams (accusative plural)
gnātās (genitive singular)
gnātai (dative singular)
gnātābom (dative dual)
gnātābos (dative plural)
gnātābim (dual instrumental)
gnātābis (instrumental plural)
gnātom (nominative singular)
gnātā (nominative plural)
gnātom (singular vocative)
gnātā (plural vocative)
gnātā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: gniiou (1st pers. sg. pres.)

Old Irish: ·gnin

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know, recognize”).


dowsants

dowsants (nominative singular)
dowsante (dual nominative)
dowsantes (nominative plural)
dowsants (singular vocative)
dowsante (dual vocative)
dowsantes (plural vocative)
dowsantam (accusative singular)
dowsante (accusative dual)
dowsantams (accusative plural)
dowsantos (genitive singular)
dowsantou (dual genitive)
dowsantom (genitive plural)
dowsantei (dative singular)
dowsantobom (dative dual)
dowsantobos (dative plural)
dowsanti (locative singular)
dowsante? (instrumental singular)
dowsantobim (dual instrumental)
dowsantobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: doe, doé
Middle Irish: dóit
Irish: dóid

From *dows + *-ants (body part suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”). Cognate with Sanskrit दोस् (dos, “arm”), Proto-Slavic *pazduxa (“bosom, armpit”).


brāgants

brāgants (nominative singular)
brāgante (dual nominative)
brāgantes (nominative plural)
brāgants (singular vocative)
brāgante (dual vocative)
brāgantes (plural vocative)
brāgantam (accusative singular)
brāgante (accusative dual)
brāgantams (accusative plural)
brāgantos (genitive singular)
brāgantou (dual genitive)
brāgantom (genitive plural)
brāgantei (dative singular)
brāgantobom (dative dual)
brāgantobos (dative plural)
brāganti (locative singular)
brāgante? (instrumental singular)
brāgantobim (dual instrumental)
brāgantobis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: brehant

Old Cornish: briansen, bryansenn

Welsh: breuant

Old Irish: bráge
Middle Irish: brága
Irish: brá (“captive, hostage”), bráid (“neck, throat”)
Scottish Gaelic: bràigh (“captive, hostage”)

From an element *brāg- + *-ants (body part suffix), the root apparently from *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”) but with an unidentified suffix *-gʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat, neck”) (see English craw). Compare also Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”), similarly thought to derive from *gʷerh₃-g(ʰ)-, though its relationship to the words for “throat” is less clear.


abrants

abrants (nominative singular)
abrante (dual nominative)
abrantes (nominative plural)
abrants (singular vocative)
abrante (dual vocative)
abrantes (plural vocative)
abrantam (accusative singular)
abrante (accusative dual)
abrantams (accusative plural)
abrantos (genitive singular)
abrantou (dual genitive)
abrantom (genitive plural)
abrantei (dative singular)
abrantobom (dative dual)
abrantobos (dative plural)
abranti (locative singular)
abrante? (instrumental singular)
abrantobim (dual instrumental)
abrantobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *abrant
Breton: abrant
Cornish: abrans
Middle Welsh: amrant
Welsh: amrant

Old Irish: abrae m

Scottish Gaelic: abhra

Manx: ferroogh

Irish: fabhra

From *abr- + *-ants (body part suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs. Cognate with Latin frōns (“forhead”).


slēxsantī

slēxsantī (nominative singular)
slēxsantī (dual nominative)
slēxsantiyās (nominative plural)
slēxsantī (singular vocative)
slēxsantī (dual vocative)
slēxsantiyās (plural vocative)
slēxsantīm (accusative singular)
slēxsantī (accusative dual)
slēxsantīms (accusative plural)
slēxsantyās (genitive singular)
slēxsantyous (dual genitive)
slēxsantyom (genitive plural)
slēxsantyai (dative singular)
slēxsantyābom (dative dual)
slēxsantyābos (dative plural)
slēxsantyābim (dual instrumental)
slēxsantyābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: sliassait (“shank”)

Scottish Gaelic: sliasaid, sliasad

From *slēxs- + *-antī (body part suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pléygʰ-s-, from *(s)pleygʰ- (“to go, move”) (compare Sanskrit: प्लेहते (plehate)). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλιχάς (plikhás, “space between thighs”), πλίσσομαι (plíssomai, “to cross the legs”).


ɸowtus

ɸowtus (nominative singular)
ɸowtū (dual nominative)
ɸowtowes (nominative plural)
ɸowtu (singular vocative)
ɸowtū (dual vocative)
ɸowtūs (plural vocative)
ɸowtum (accusative singular)
ɸowtū (accusative dual)
ɸowtums (accusative plural)
ɸowtous (genitive singular)
ɸowtous (dual genitive)
ɸowtowom (genitive plural)
ɸowtou (dative singular)
ɸowtubom (dative dual)
ɸowtubos (dative plural)
ɸowtū (instrumental singular)
ɸowtubim (dual instrumental)
ɸowtubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *ʉθ, *ọθ
Middle Breton: euz
Breton: euzh
Cornish: uth, euth
Welsh: uth

Old Irish: úath
Middle Irish: úath (“horrible thing, horror”)
Irish: uath
Scottish Gaelic: uath
⇒ Middle Irish: úathbás, úathfás
Irish: uafás
Scottish Gaelic: uabhas
Middle Irish: fúath (“hatred”)
Irish: fuath
Scottish Gaelic: fuath

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pew-, perhaps related *oβnus (“fear”).


ɸratis

ɸratis (nominative singular)
ɸratī (dual nominative)
ɸratīs (nominative plural)
ɸrati (singular vocative)
ɸratī (dual vocative)
ɸratīs (plural vocative)
ɸratim (accusative singular)
ɸratī (accusative dual)
ɸratims (accusative plural)
ɸrateis (genitive singular)
ɸratyow (dual genitive)
ɸratyom (genitive plural)
ɸratei (dative singular)
ɸratibom (dative dual)
ɸratibos (dative plural)
ɸratei (locative singular)
ɸratī (instrumental singular)
ɸratibim (dual instrumental)
ɸratibis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic:

Breton: raden

Cornish: reden

Welsh: rhedyn

Old Irish: raith

Gaulish: ratis

Matasovic assigns this word to Proto-Indo-European *p(t)erH- (“fern”), but the morphology of that word is controversial. See Proto-Indo-European *p(t)erH- for more.


natrixs

natrixs (nominative singular)
natrike (dual nominative)
natrikes (nominative plural)
natrixs (singular vocative)
natrike (dual vocative)
natrikes (plural vocative)
natrikam (accusative singular)
natrike (accusative dual)
natrikams (accusative plural)
natrikos (genitive singular)
natrikou (dual genitive)
natrikom (genitive plural)
natrikei (dative singular)
natrikobom (dative dual)
natrikobos (dative plural)
natriki (locative singular)
natrike? (instrumental singular)
natrikobim (dual instrumental)
natrikobis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: azr

Breton: naer

Old Cornish: nader

Welsh: neidr

Old Irish: nathir
Irish: nathair
Scottish Gaelic: nathair


kaneti

kanū (active first-person present singular)
kanemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikanasū (active first-person future singular)
kekāna (active first-person preterite singular)
kanesi (active present second-person singular)
kanetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikanasesi (active future second-person singular)
kekānas? (active preterite second-person singular)
kaneti (active present singular third-person)
kaneto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikanaseti (active future singular third-person)
kekāne (active preterite singular third-person)
kanomosi (active first-person plural present)
kanemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikanasomosi (active first-person future plural)
kekānmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kanetesi (active plural present second-person)
kanestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikanasetesi (active future plural second-person)
kekāne (active plural preterite second-person)
kanonti (active plural present third-person)
kanento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikanasonti (active future plural third-person)
kekānars (active plural preterite third-person)
kanasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kanasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kane (active imperative second-person singular)
kanaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kanetou (active imperative singular third-person)
kanasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kanomos (active first-person imperative plural)
kanasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kanete (active imperative plural second-person)
kanasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kanontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kanūr (first-person passive present singular)
kikanasūr (first-person future passive singular)
kanetar (passive present second-person singular)
kikanasetar (future passive second-person singular)
kanetor (passive present singular third-person)
kikanasetor (future passive singular third-person)
kanommor (first-person passive plural present)
kikanasommor (first-person future passive plural)
kanedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikanasedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kanontor (passive plural present third-person)
kikanasontor (future passive plural third-person)
kanasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kanasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kanasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kanasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kanasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kanasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kantos (nominative singular)
kantou (dual nominative)
kantoi (nominative plural)
kante (singular vocative)
kantou (dual vocative)
kantoi (plural vocative)
kantom (accusative singular)
kantou (accusative dual)
kantoms (accusative plural)
kantī (genitive singular)
kantous (dual genitive)
kantom (genitive plural)
kantūi (dative singular)
kantobom (dative dual)
kantobos (dative plural)
kantū (instrumental singular)
kantobim (dual instrumental)
kantobis (instrumental plural)
kantā (nominative singular)
kantai (dual nominative)
kantās (nominative plural)
kantā (singular vocative)
kantai (dual vocative)
kantās (plural vocative)
kantam (accusative singular)
kantai (accusative dual)
kantams (accusative plural)
kantās (genitive singular)
kantai (dative singular)
kantābom (dative dual)
kantābos (dative plural)
kantābim (dual instrumental)
kantābis (instrumental plural)
kantom (nominative singular)
kantā (nominative plural)
kantom (singular vocative)
kantā (plural vocative)
kantā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *kėnɨd
Middle Breton: canaff
Breton: kanañ
Cornish: kana
Old Welsh: canam
Middle Welsh: canu
Welsh: canu

Old Irish: canaid
Irish: can
Scottish Gaelic: can

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂néti (“to sing”), from the root *keh₂n-. Cognate with Latin canere (“to sing, chant, sound, play (an instrument)”) and possibly Sanskrit कणति (kaṇati, “to make noise, cry out, call”).


yantus

yantus (nominative singular)
yantū (dual nominative)
yantowes (nominative plural)
yantu (singular vocative)
yantū (dual vocative)
yantūs (plural vocative)
yantum (accusative singular)
yantū (accusative dual)
yantums (accusative plural)
yantous (genitive singular)
yantous (dual genitive)
yantowom (genitive plural)
yantou (dative singular)
yantubom (dative dual)
yantubos (dative plural)
yantū (instrumental singular)
yantubim (dual instrumental)
yantubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: ét, ǽt
Irish: éad
Manx: ead
Scottish Gaelic: eud

⇒ Gaulish: Iantumaros/Yantumāros/*Yantumāros

→ Latin: Iantumarus

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-, *yet- (“to establish oneself, place firmly”), related to Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną (“to bow”), Latin nitor (“I press forward”), though the semantics of this have been disputed. Or, from Proto-Indo-European *yegʰo- (“to wish, beg, strive, desire”), see also Russian я́рый (járyj, “furious”), Albanian gjah (“hunt”), Ancient Greek ζητέω (zētéō, “to search, seek”), Sanskrit यत्न (yātna, “zeal”)).


dīyos

dīyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
dīyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
dīyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
dīye (masculine singular stem vocative)
dīyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
dīyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
dīyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
dīyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
dīyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
dīyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
dīyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
dīyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
dīyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
dīyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
dīyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
dīyei (locative masculine singular stem)
dīyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
dīyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
dīyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *dið
Breton: deiz
Cornish: dedh
Old Welsh: did
Middle Welsh: dyð
Welsh: dydd

Old Irish: día
Irish: dia
Manx: jee
Scottish Gaelic: dia


olyos

olyos (nominative singular)
olyou (dual nominative)
olyoi (nominative plural)
olye (singular vocative)
olyou (dual vocative)
olyoi (plural vocative)
olyom (accusative singular)
olyou (accusative dual)
olyoms (accusative plural)
olyī (genitive singular)
olyous (dual genitive)
olyom (genitive plural)
olyūi (dative singular)
olyobom (dative dual)
olyobos (dative plural)
olyū (instrumental singular)
olyobim (dual instrumental)
olyobis (instrumental plural)
olyā (nominative singular)
olyai (dual nominative)
olyās (nominative plural)
olyā (singular vocative)
olyai (dual vocative)
olyās (plural vocative)
olyam (accusative singular)
olyai (accusative dual)
olyams (accusative plural)
olyās (genitive singular)
olyai (dative singular)
olyābom (dative dual)
olyābos (dative plural)
olyābim (dual instrumental)
olyābis (instrumental plural)
olyom (nominative singular)
olyā (nominative plural)
olyom (singular vocative)
olyā (plural vocative)
olyā (accusative plural)

Brythonic:

Breton: holl

Cornish: oll

Welsh: holl

Old Irish: uile, huile, hule, ule
Middle Irish: uile
Irish: uile
Scottish Gaelic: uile
Manx: ooilley

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂olyos. Cognate with Old Armenian ողջ (ołǰ).


skētos

skētos (masculine nominative singular stem)
skētou (dual masculine nominative stem)
skētoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
skēte (masculine singular stem vocative)
skētou (dual masculine stem vocative)
skētūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
skētom (accusative masculine singular stem)
skētou (accusative dual masculine stem)
skētoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
skētī (genitive masculine singular stem)
skētous (dual genitive masculine stem)
skētom (genitive masculine plural stem)
skētūi (dative masculine singular stem)
skētobom (dative dual masculine stem)
skētobos (dative masculine plural stem)
skētei (locative masculine singular stem)
skētū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
skētobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
skētūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *skuɨd

Breton: skoed

Cornish: skoes

Welsh: ysgwyd

Old Irish: scíath

Irish: sciath

Scottish Gaelic: sgiath

From Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Cognate with Latin scūtum, Russian щит (ščit), and Old Church Slavonic щитъ (štitŭ).


ougros

ougros (nominative singular)
ougrou (dual nominative)
ougroi (nominative plural)
ougre (singular vocative)
ougrou (dual vocative)
ougroi (plural vocative)
ougrom (accusative singular)
ougrou (accusative dual)
ougroms (accusative plural)
ougrī (genitive singular)
ougrous (dual genitive)
ougrom (genitive plural)
ougrūi (dative singular)
ougrobom (dative dual)
ougrobos (dative plural)
ougrū (instrumental singular)
ougrobim (dual instrumental)
ougrobis (instrumental plural)
ougrā (nominative singular)
ougrai (dual nominative)
ougrās (nominative plural)
ougrā (singular vocative)
ougrai (dual vocative)
ougrās (plural vocative)
ougram (accusative singular)
ougrai (accusative dual)
ougrams (accusative plural)
ougrās (genitive singular)
ougrai (dative singular)
ougrābom (dative dual)
ougrābos (dative plural)
ougrābim (dual instrumental)
ougrābis (instrumental plural)
ougrom (nominative singular)
ougrā (nominative plural)
ougrom (singular vocative)
ougrā (plural vocative)
ougrā (accusative plural)

Brythonic:

Welsh: oer

Cornish: oor

desctree

Old Irish: úar, ór (early)
Irish: fuar
Manx: feayr
Scottish Gaelic: fuar

⇒ Gaulish: Ogronnios

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (“cold”). Cognate with Lithuanian aušti (“to cool”) and Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc, “cold”).

óchtIrish: fuachtScottish Gaelic: fuachdManx: feayght


bragnos

bragnos (nominative singular)
bragnou (dual nominative)
bragnoi (nominative plural)
bragne (singular vocative)
bragnou (dual vocative)
bragnoi (plural vocative)
bragnom (accusative singular)
bragnou (accusative dual)
bragnoms (accusative plural)
bragnī (genitive singular)
bragnous (dual genitive)
bragnom (genitive plural)
bragnūi (dative singular)
bragnobom (dative dual)
bragnobos (dative plural)
bragnū (instrumental singular)
bragnobim (dual instrumental)
bragnobis (instrumental plural)
bragnā (nominative singular)
bragnai (dual nominative)
bragnās (nominative plural)
bragnā (singular vocative)
bragnai (dual vocative)
bragnās (plural vocative)
bragnam (accusative singular)
bragnai (accusative dual)
bragnams (accusative plural)
bragnās (genitive singular)
bragnai (dative singular)
bragnābom (dative dual)
bragnābos (dative plural)
bragnābim (dual instrumental)
bragnābis (instrumental plural)
bragnom (nominative singular)
bragnā (nominative plural)
bragnom (singular vocative)
bragnā (plural vocative)
bragnā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *braɨn
Middle Breton: brein
Breton: brein
Middle Welsh: braen
Welsh: braen

Old Irish: brén
Irish: bréan
Manx: breinn
Scottish Gaelic: breun

Gaulish: brennos

→ Vulgar Latin: *brennos

Padanian:

Ligurian: brénno, bréno

→? Neapolitan: vrenna

Piedmontese: brenn, brënn, brent

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: bren

Old French: bren, bran, brent, brin
⇒ French: berner
→ Middle English: bran, branne, bren
English: bran
Yola: bran
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: bren

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: breno (Ribagorçan)

Old Catalan: breny

Occitan: bren


kʷēs

Proto-Brythonic: *puɨ

Breton: piv

Cornish: piw

Welsh: pwy

Old Irish: cía, ce, ci, cia
Irish: cé
Scottish Gaelic: cò
Manx: quoi


tanauyos

tanauyos (nominative singular)
tanauyou (dual nominative)
tanauyoi (nominative plural)
tanauye (singular vocative)
tanauyou (dual vocative)
tanauyoi (plural vocative)
tanauyom (accusative singular)
tanauyou (accusative dual)
tanauyoms (accusative plural)
tanauyī (genitive singular)
tanauyous (dual genitive)
tanauyom (genitive plural)
tanauyūi (dative singular)
tanauyobom (dative dual)
tanauyobos (dative plural)
tanauyū (instrumental singular)
tanauyobim (dual instrumental)
tanauyobis (instrumental plural)
tanauyā (nominative singular)
tanauyai (dual nominative)
tanauyās (nominative plural)
tanauyā (singular vocative)
tanauyai (dual vocative)
tanauyās (plural vocative)
tanauyam (accusative singular)
tanauyai (accusative dual)
tanauyams (accusative plural)
tanauyās (genitive singular)
tanauyai (dative singular)
tanauyābom (dative dual)
tanauyābos (dative plural)
tanauyābim (dual instrumental)
tanauyābis (instrumental plural)
tanauyom (nominative singular)
tanauyā (nominative plural)
tanauyom (singular vocative)
tanauyā (plural vocative)
tanauyā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tanẹw
Middle Breton: tanau, tanow
Breton: tanav
Old Cornish: tenewen
Cornish: tanaw
Old Welsh: teneu
Middle Welsh: teneu
Welsh: tenau

Old Irish: tanae
⇒ Irish: tanaí
Manx: thanney
Scottish Gaelic: tana


ardwos

ardwos (nominative singular)
ardwou (dual nominative)
ardwoi (nominative plural)
ardwe (singular vocative)
ardwou (dual vocative)
ardwoi (plural vocative)
ardwom (accusative singular)
ardwou (accusative dual)
ardwoms (accusative plural)
ardwī (genitive singular)
ardwous (dual genitive)
ardwom (genitive plural)
ardwūi (dative singular)
ardwobom (dative dual)
ardwobos (dative plural)
ardwū (instrumental singular)
ardwobim (dual instrumental)
ardwobis (instrumental plural)
ardwā (nominative singular)
ardwai (dual nominative)
ardwās (nominative plural)
ardwā (singular vocative)
ardwai (dual vocative)
ardwās (plural vocative)
ardwam (accusative singular)
ardwai (accusative dual)
ardwams (accusative plural)
ardwās (genitive singular)
ardwai (dative singular)
ardwābom (dative dual)
ardwābos (dative plural)
ardwābim (dual instrumental)
ardwābis (instrumental plural)
ardwom (nominative singular)
ardwā (nominative plural)
ardwom (singular vocative)
ardwā (plural vocative)
ardwā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *arð

Middle Welsh: arð

Welsh: ardd

Cornish: ardh

Old Irish: ard
Irish: ard
Manx: ard
Scottish Gaelic: àrd

Gaulish: Arduenna (place name)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós. Cognate with Latin arduus.


kʷid

Proto-Brythonic:

Welsh: pa

Old Irish: cid
Irish: cad
Scottish Gaelic: ciod
Manx: quoid


knāmis

knāmis (nominative singular)
knāmī (dual nominative)
knāmīs (nominative plural)
knāmi (singular vocative)
knāmī (dual vocative)
knāmīs (plural vocative)
knāmim (accusative singular)
knāmī (accusative dual)
knāmims (accusative plural)
knāmeis (genitive singular)
knāmyow (dual genitive)
knāmyom (genitive plural)
knāmei (dative singular)
knāmibom (dative dual)
knāmibos (dative plural)
knāmei (locative singular)
knāmī (instrumental singular)
knāmibim (dual instrumental)
knāmibis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: cnáim
Irish: cnámh
Manx: craue
Scottish Gaelic: cnàimh
→? Middle Welsh: knaw
⇒ Welsh: pencnaw (“end of a bone”)

From Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hammō (whence English ham) and Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”).


Iwogenos

Iwogenos (masculine nominative singular stem)
Iwogenom (accusative masculine singular stem)

desc

Primitive Irish: ᚔᚃᚑᚌᚓᚅᚔ (ivogeni, gen.sg.)

Middle Irish: Eógan

Irish: Eoghan

Scottish Gaelic: Eòghan

From *iwos (“yew”) + *genos (“born”; “family”).

compound

(Goidelic) a male given name, equivalent to English Ewan


Awiganyos

Awiganyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
Awiganyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
Awiganyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
Awiganyei (locative masculine singular stem)

desctree

Early Brythonic: *Awɨɣėn
Old Breton: Even, Ewen
Middle Breton: Ivan
Breton: Yven, Ivin
→ French: Ivain
Old Welsh: Ougein, Eugein
Middle Welsh: Owein, Ewein, Ywein
Welsh: Owain
→ Middle English: Owain, Owayne, Ywain
English: Owen
→ Medieval Latin: Eugenius

Old Irish: Úgaine, Augaine (possibly borrowed from Brythonic)

From *awi- (“desire”) + *ganyos (“birth”).


wolkos

wolkos (masculine nominative singular stem)
wolkou (dual masculine nominative stem)
wolkoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
wolke (masculine singular stem vocative)
wolkou (dual masculine stem vocative)
wolkūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
wolkom (accusative masculine singular stem)
wolkou (accusative dual masculine stem)
wolkoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
wolkī (genitive masculine singular stem)
wolkous (dual genitive masculine stem)
wolkom (genitive masculine plural stem)
wolkūi (dative masculine singular stem)
wolkobom (dative dual masculine stem)
wolkobos (dative masculine plural stem)
wolkei (locative masculine singular stem)
wolkū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
wolkobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
wolkūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Brythonic: *gwalx

Breton: gwalc’h

Welsh: gwalch

Gaulish: *Wolcās

Latin: Volcae

Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”).


trātu

trātu (nominative singular)
trātū (dual nominative)
trātwā (nominative plural)
trātu (singular vocative)
trātū (dual vocative)
trātwā (plural vocative)
trātu (accusative singular)
trātū (accusative dual)
trātwā (accusative plural)
trātous (genitive singular)
trātous (dual genitive)
trātowom (genitive plural)
trātou (dative singular)
trātubom (dative dual)
trātubos (dative plural)
trātū (instrumental singular)
trātubim (dual instrumental)
trātubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *trọd

Middle Welsh: trawt, trawd (“course, voyage”)

Welsh: trawd, trawdd

Old Irish: tráth
Irish: tráth
Manx: traa
Scottish Gaelic: tràth

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross, pass”).


dergos

dergos (nominative singular)
dergou (dual nominative)
dergoi (nominative plural)
derge (singular vocative)
dergou (dual vocative)
dergoi (plural vocative)
dergom (accusative singular)
dergou (accusative dual)
dergoms (accusative plural)
dergī (genitive singular)
dergous (dual genitive)
dergom (genitive plural)
dergūi (dative singular)
dergobom (dative dual)
dergobos (dative plural)
dergū (instrumental singular)
dergobim (dual instrumental)
dergobis (instrumental plural)
dergā (nominative singular)
dergai (dual nominative)
dergās (nominative plural)
dergā (singular vocative)
dergai (dual vocative)
dergās (plural vocative)
dergam (accusative singular)
dergai (accusative dual)
dergams (accusative plural)
dergās (genitive singular)
dergai (dative singular)
dergābom (dative dual)
dergābos (dative plural)
dergābim (dual instrumental)
dergābis (instrumental plural)
dergom (nominative singular)
dergā (nominative plural)
dergom (singular vocative)
dergā (plural vocative)
dergā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: derg

Irish: dearg

Manx: jiarg

Scottish Gaelic: dearg

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-os, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”); compare Old English deorc (“dark”) and Tocharian A tärkär, Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”).
Akin to Lithuanian drėgti (“to get damp, wet”) and possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *dárˀgāˀ (“bad weather”).


ɸlenstus

ɸlenstus (nominative singular)
ɸlenstū (dual nominative)
ɸlenstowes (nominative plural)
ɸlenstu (singular vocative)
ɸlenstū (dual vocative)
ɸlenstūs (plural vocative)
ɸlenstum (accusative singular)
ɸlenstū (accusative dual)
ɸlenstums (accusative plural)
ɸlenstous (genitive singular)
ɸlenstous (dual genitive)
ɸlenstowom (genitive plural)
ɸlenstou (dative singular)
ɸlenstubom (dative dual)
ɸlenstubos (dative plural)
ɸlenstū (instrumental singular)
ɸlenstubim (dual instrumental)
ɸlenstubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: lés (“light”)
Middle Irish: lés, lóess
Irish: léas, leos

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)plend- + *-tus. Compare Latin splendeō (“shine, glitter”), Tocharian A plāntā- (“rejoice”).


Φīweriyū

Φīweriyū (nominative singular)
Φīweriyū (singular vocative)
Φīweriyonam (accusative singular)
Φīweriyonos (genitive singular)
Φīweriyonei (dative singular)
Φīweriyon (locative singular)
Φīweriyoni (locative singular)
Φīweriyonei (instrumental singular)

Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerið (from the nominative)

Welsh: Iwerydd (“Atlantic (sea)”)

Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerðon (from oblique stem)
Breton: Iwerzhon
Cornish: Iwerdhon
Welsh: Iwerddon

Primitive Irish: *Īweriū

>? Old Irish: Ériu, Hériu (with unexplained irregular é)
Middle Irish: Ériu, Hériu
Irish: Éire
Manx: Nerin
Scottish Gaelic: Èirinn
→⇒ Old English: Īrland
Middle English: Irland, Ireland, Irlond
English: Ireland
→ Old French: Irlande
French: Irlande
→ Old Norse: írar
Icelandic: Íri
Faroese: íri
Norwegian Nynorsk: ire
Norwegian Bokmål: ire
→? Old English: Īras

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰ̄έρνη (Īérnē), Ἰ̄ουερνία (Īouernía), Ἱ̄βερνία (Hībernía)

→ Latin: Ierna, Iverna, Hibernia


kattā

kattā (nominative singular)
kattai (dual nominative)
kattās (nominative plural)
kattā (singular vocative)
kattai (dual vocative)
kattās (plural vocative)
kattam (accusative singular)
kattai (accusative dual)
kattāms (accusative plural)
kattās (genitive singular)
kattous (dual genitive)
kattom (genitive plural)
kattāi (dative singular)
kattābom (dative dual)
kattābos (dative plural)
kattai (locative singular)
kattābim (dual instrumental)
kattābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *kaθ
Breton: kazh, kaz
Cornish: kath, cath
Welsh: cath

Feminine equivalent of *kattos; either borrowed from or cognate with post-Classical Latin catta (“cat”).


sasyos

sasyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
sasyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
sasyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
sasye (masculine singular stem vocative)
sasyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
sasyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
sasyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
sasyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
sasyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
sasyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
sasyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
sasyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
sasyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
sasyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
sasyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
sasyei (locative masculine singular stem)
sasyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
sasyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
sasyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: heidd

Welsh: haidd

Old Breton: heiz, heizen(n)

Breton: heiz

Cornish: hêth

Celtiberian: *sas(s)ia

→ Old Occitan: saisseto (“fine wheat”)

Catalan: xeixa

→ Spanish: jeja

Gaulish: *(s)asyom (perhaps)

→ Ancient Greek: ασιαμ (asiam)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-s-yo-s, from *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with Sanskrit सस्य (sasya), सस (sasa, “crop, grain”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬵𐬫𐬀 (hahya, “crop, grain”), 𐬵𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬱 (haŋhuš, “use, profit, fruit”), Hittite 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒀭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-an-na-aš), 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-na-aš, “fruit (tree), harvest, crop”).


lubā

lubā (nominative singular)
lubai (dual nominative)
lubās (nominative plural)
lubā (singular vocative)
lubai (dual vocative)
lubās (plural vocative)
lubam (accusative singular)
lubai (accusative dual)
lubāms (accusative plural)
lubās (genitive singular)
lubous (dual genitive)
lubom (genitive plural)
lubāi (dative singular)
lubābom (dative dual)
lubābos (dative plural)
lubai (locative singular)
lubābim (dual instrumental)
lubābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: luib

Irish: luibh

From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“leaf”). Compare with English leaf and Latin liber (“book”).


lussus

lussus (nominative singular)
lussū (dual nominative)
lussowes (nominative plural)
lussu (singular vocative)
lussū (dual vocative)
lussūs (plural vocative)
lussum (accusative singular)
lussū (accusative dual)
lussums (accusative plural)
lussous (genitive singular)
lussous (dual genitive)
lussowom (genitive plural)
lussou (dative singular)
lussubom (dative dual)
lussubos (dative plural)
lussū (instrumental singular)
lussubim (dual instrumental)
lussubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: louzoù

Cornish: les, losow

Welsh: llys, llysiau

Old Irish: lus
Irish: lus
Manx: lus
Scottish Gaelic: lus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tu-, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”), with possible influence from Proto-Celtic *lubā (“herb, plant”).


banatlom

banatlom (nominative singular)
banatlou (dual nominative)
banatlā (nominative plural)
banatlom (singular vocative)
banatlou (dual vocative)
banatlā (plural vocative)
banatlom (accusative singular)
banatlou (accusative dual)
banatlā (accusative plural)
banatlī (genitive singular)
banatlous (dual genitive)
banatlom (genitive plural)
banatlūi (dative singular)
banatlobom (dative dual)
banatlobos (dative plural)
banatlei (locative singular)
banatlū (instrumental singular)
banatlobim (dual instrumental)
banatlūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *banadl

Middle Breton: balazn (by metathesis)

Breton: balan

Cornish: banadhel

Welsh: banadl (“broom”)

Gaulish: *balano-
→ Catalan: bàlec
→ Old French: balain
French: balai
→ Esperanto: balai
→ Galician: balea
→ Spanish: bálago

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenH-tlom (“way, path”); or alternatively from *gʷʰen-tlom, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”), in the sense of “cleared path (in a wood)”; compare Proto-Germanic *banō (“path, cleared way”).


rūnā

runā (nominative singular)
runai (dual nominative)
runās (nominative plural)
runā (singular vocative)
runai (dual vocative)
runās (plural vocative)
runam (accusative singular)
runai (accusative dual)
runāms (accusative plural)
runās (genitive singular)
runous (dual genitive)
runom (genitive plural)
runāi (dative singular)
runābom (dative dual)
runābos (dative plural)
runai (locative singular)
runābim (dual instrumental)
runābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *rrin

Middle Welsh: rin

Welsh: rhin

desctree

Old Irish: rún
Irish: rún
Scottish Gaelic: rùn
Manx: roon

Uncertain; Proto-Germanic *rūnō is either derived from the same source or is itself a loanword from Proto-Celtic.


rentus

rentus (nominative singular)
rentū (dual nominative)
rentowes (nominative plural)
rentu (singular vocative)
rentū (dual vocative)
rentūs (plural vocative)
rentum (accusative singular)
rentū (accusative dual)
rentums (accusative plural)
rentous (genitive singular)
rentous (dual genitive)
rentowom (genitive plural)
rentou (dative singular)
rentubom (dative dual)
rentubos (dative plural)
rentū (instrumental singular)
rentubim (dual instrumental)
rentubis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: rét

Uncertain, but a speculative relationship to Sanskrit रत्न (rátna-, “possession; precious object, treasure, riches, goods”), itself of uncertain origin, has been proposed, assuming common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(H)ren-t- with metathesis of *nt into Sanskrit /tn/.


menekkis

menekkis (nominative singular)
menekkī (dual nominative)
menekkīs (nominative plural)
menekki (singular vocative)
menekkī (dual vocative)
menekkīs (plural vocative)
menekkim (accusative singular)
menekkī (accusative dual)
menekkims (accusative plural)
menekkēs (genitive singular)
menekkyou (dual genitive)
menekkyom (genitive plural)
menekkē (dative singular)
menekkibom (dative dual)
menekkibos (dative plural)
menekkī (instrumental singular)
menekkibim (dual instrumental)
menekkibis (instrumental plural)
menekki (nominative singular)
menekkyā (nominative plural)
menekkyā (plural vocative)
menekki (accusative singular)
menekkyā (accusative plural)
menekkois (genitive singular)
menekkois (dual genitive)

Hispano-Celtic:⇒mincosegaeicis

Proto-Brythonic:

Welsh: mynych

desctree

Old Irish: menic
Middle Irish: menic, meinic
Irish: minic
Scottish Gaelic: minig
Manx: mennick

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *managaz and Proto-Slavic *mъnogъ, all of which could have been a late Indo-European borrowing from a northwest European substrate.


angus

angus (nominative singular)
angū (dual nominative)
angowes (nominative plural)
angu (singular vocative)
angū (dual vocative)
angūs (plural vocative)
angum (accusative singular)
angū (accusative dual)
angums (accusative plural)
angous (genitive singular)
angous (dual genitive)
angowom (genitive plural)
angou (dative singular)
angubom (dative dual)
angubos (dative plural)
angū (instrumental singular)
angubim (dual instrumental)
angubis (instrumental plural)
angu (nominative singular)
angwā (nominative plural)
angwā (plural vocative)
angu (accusative singular)
angwā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: enc

Middle Breton: encq

Breton: enk

Middle Welsh: ing

komangus

with, together; see there for further descendants


uxsū

uxsens (nominative singular)
uxsene (dual nominative)
uxsenes (nominative plural)
uxsens (singular vocative)
uxsene (dual vocative)
uxsenes (plural vocative)
uxsenam (accusative singular)
uxsene (accusative dual)
uxsenams (accusative plural)
uxsenos (genitive singular)
uxsenou (dual genitive)
uxsenom (genitive plural)
uxsenei (dative singular)
uxsenobom (dative dual)
uxsenobos (dative plural)
uxseni (locative singular)
uxsene? (instrumental singular)
uxsenobim (dual instrumental)
uxsenobis (instrumental plural)
uxsū (nominative singular)
uxsene (dual nominative)
uxsenes (nominative plural)
uxsū (singular vocative)
uxsene (dual vocative)
uxsenes (plural vocative)
uxsenam (accusative singular)
uxsene (accusative dual)
uxsenams (accusative plural)
uxsenos (genitive singular)
uxsenou (dual genitive)
uxsenom (genitive plural)
uxsenei (dative singular)
uxsenobom (dative dual)
uxsenobos (dative plural)
uxseni (locative singular)
uxsene? (instrumental singular)
uxsenobim (dual instrumental)
uxsenobis (instrumental plural)

q

Proto-Brythonic: *üx sg, *uxen pl (“oxen”) (*ödjon (“ox”) commonly used in the singular)

Old Breton: ohen

Middle Breton: ouhen

Breton: oc'hen

Old Cornish: oghan, ohan

Cornish: ohen

Middle Welsh: ychen sg (“ox”), ych pl

Welsh: ych sg, ychain pl

From Proto-Indo-European *úks-ō, from *uksḗn (“ox”).

os

Old Irish: oss (“elk, deer, stag”); Scottish Gaelic


metom

metom (nominative singular)
metou (dual nominative)
metā (nominative plural)
metom (singular vocative)
metou (dual vocative)
metā (plural vocative)
metom (accusative singular)
metou (accusative dual)
metā (accusative plural)
metī (genitive singular)
metous (dual genitive)
metom (genitive plural)
metūi (dative singular)
metobom (dative dual)
metobos (dative plural)
metei (locative singular)
metū (instrumental singular)
metobim (dual instrumental)
metūis (instrumental plural)

Goidelic:

Old Irish: meth

Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: methu

Welsh: methu

Middle Breton: mez

Breton: mezh

Middle Cornish:

Cornish: meth

Unknown, probably borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate. However, compare Irish maoth (“tender, soft, weak”), from Proto-Celtic *moytos (“tender”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyh₁- (“mild, soft”). From the same root is Latin mitis (“mellow, soft, weak”).


tanā

tanā (nominative singular)
tanai (dual nominative)
tanās (nominative plural)
tanā (singular vocative)
tanai (dual vocative)
tanās (plural vocative)
tanam (accusative singular)
tanai (accusative dual)
tanāms (accusative plural)
tanās (genitive singular)
tanous (dual genitive)
tanom (genitive plural)
tanāi (dative singular)
tanābom (dative dual)
tanābos (dative plural)
tanai (locative singular)
tanābim (dual instrumental)
tanābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *tan
Old Breton: tan, dan
Middle Cornish: tan
Cornish: tann, yn-dann
Middle Welsh: tan
Welsh: tan

Old Irish: tan

From Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”).


ātis

ātis (nominative singular)
ātī (dual nominative)
ātīs (nominative plural)
āti (singular vocative)
ātī (dual vocative)
ātīs (plural vocative)
ātim (accusative singular)
ātī (accusative dual)
ātims (accusative plural)
āteis (genitive singular)
ātyow (dual genitive)
ātyom (genitive plural)
ātei (dative singular)
ātibom (dative dual)
ātibos (dative plural)
ātei (locative singular)
ātī (instrumental singular)
ātibim (dual instrumental)
ātibis (instrumental plural)

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *ọdɨn (“kiln”) (< *ātinā)

Old Cornish: Odencolc (“lime-kiln”) (toponym, + colc (“lime”))

Cornish: Odengalgh

Middle Welsh: odyn

Welsh: odyn

desctree

Old Irish: áith
Middle Irish: áith
Irish: áith
Scottish Gaelic: àth
Manx: aiee

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éh₁-ti-s, from *h₂eh₁- (“to be warm”) + *-tis.


uɸoreteti

uɸoretū (active first-person present singular)
uɸoretemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
uɸorāta (active first-person preterite singular)
uɸoretesi (active present second-person singular)
uɸoretetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
uɸorātas? (active preterite second-person singular)
uɸoreteti (active present singular third-person)
uɸoreteto (active imperfect singular third-person)
uɸorāte (active preterite singular third-person)
uɸoretomosi (active first-person plural present)
uɸoretemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
uɸorātmo (active first-person plural preterite)
uɸoretetesi (active plural present second-person)
uɸoretestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
uɸorāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
uɸoretonti (active plural present third-person)
uɸoretento (active imperfect plural third-person)
uɸorātars (active plural preterite third-person)
uɸoretsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
uɸoretsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
uɸorete (active imperative second-person singular)
uɸoretseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
uɸoretetou (active imperative singular third-person)
uɸoretsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
uɸoretomos (active first-person imperative plural)
uɸoretsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
uɸoretete (active imperative plural second-person)
uɸoretsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
uɸoretontou (active imperative plural third-person)
uɸoretūr (first-person passive present singular)
uɸoretetar (passive present second-person singular)
uɸoretetor (passive present singular third-person)
uɸoretommor (first-person passive plural present)
uɸoretedwe (passive plural present second-person)
uɸoretontor (passive plural present third-person)
uɸoretsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
uɸoretsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
uɸoretsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
uɸoretsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
uɸoretsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
uɸoretsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwarėdɨd

desc

Old Welsh: guorit (3sg present), guoraut (3sg preterite)

Middle Welsh: gwaret (“deliverance, salvation”)

Welsh: gwared, gwaredu

Middle Cornish: gueres

Cornish: gweres

Old Breton: guoret

Middle Breton: goret

Old Irish: fo·reith

*uɸo- + *reteti; the meaning "to help" appears to be a semantic loan from Latin succurrō.

cobair

*uɸo-r(V)ts (compound root noun); Old Irish


dīlegeti

dīlegū (active first-person present singular)
dīlegemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
dīlilxsū (active first-person future singular)
dīlāga (active first-person preterite singular)
dīlegesi (active present second-person singular)
dīlegetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
dīlilxsesi (active future second-person singular)
dīlāgas? (active preterite second-person singular)
dīlegeti (active present singular third-person)
dīlegeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
dīlilxseti (active future singular third-person)
dīlāge (active preterite singular third-person)
dīlegomosi (active first-person plural present)
dīlegemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
dīlilxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
dīlāgmo (active first-person plural preterite)
dīlegetesi (active plural present second-person)
dīlegestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
dīlilxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
dīlāxte (active plural preterite second-person)
dīlegonti (active plural present third-person)
dīlegento (active imperfect plural third-person)
dīlilxsonti (active future plural third-person)
dīlāgars (active plural preterite third-person)
dīlexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dīlexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīlege (active imperative second-person singular)
dīlexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīlegetou (active imperative singular third-person)
dīlexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dīlegomos (active first-person imperative plural)
dīlexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīlegete (active imperative plural second-person)
dīlexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīlegontou (active imperative plural third-person)
dīlegūr (first-person passive present singular)
dīlilxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
dīlegetar (passive present second-person singular)
dīlilxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
dīlegetor (passive present singular third-person)
dīlilxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
dīlegommor (first-person passive plural present)
dīlilxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
dīlegedwe (passive plural present second-person)
dīlilxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
dīlegontor (passive plural present third-person)
dīlilxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
dīlexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dīlexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīlexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīlexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dīlexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīlexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīlextos (nominative singular)
dīlextou (dual nominative)
dīlextoi (nominative plural)
dīlexte (singular vocative)
dīlextou (dual vocative)
dīlextoi (plural vocative)
dīlextom (accusative singular)
dīlextou (accusative dual)
dīlextoms (accusative plural)
dīlextī (genitive singular)
dīlextous (dual genitive)
dīlextom (genitive plural)
dīlextūi (dative singular)
dīlextobom (dative dual)
dīlextobos (dative plural)
dīlextū (instrumental singular)
dīlextobim (dual instrumental)
dīlextobis (instrumental plural)
dīlextā (nominative singular)
dīlextai (dual nominative)
dīlextās (nominative plural)
dīlextā (singular vocative)
dīlextai (dual vocative)
dīlextās (plural vocative)
dīlextam (accusative singular)
dīlextai (accusative dual)
dīlextams (accusative plural)
dīlextās (genitive singular)
dīlextai (dative singular)
dīlextābom (dative dual)
dīlextābos (dative plural)
dīlextābim (dual instrumental)
dīlextābis (instrumental plural)
dīlextom (nominative singular)
dīlextā (nominative plural)
dīlextom (singular vocative)
dīlextā (plural vocative)
dīlextā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *dileɣɨd

Middle Welsh: dileu

Welsh: dileu

desctree

Old Irish: do·lega
Middle Irish: dílegaid
Irish: díleáigh

From *dī- + *legeti (“to melt”), from Proto-Indo-European *leg-; cognate with Proto-Germanic *lekaną (“to leak”).


legeti

legū (active first-person present singular)
legemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
lilxsū (active first-person future singular)
lāga (active first-person preterite singular)
legesi (active present second-person singular)
legetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
lilxsesi (active future second-person singular)
lāgas? (active preterite second-person singular)
legeti (active present singular third-person)
legeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
lilxseti (active future singular third-person)
lāge (active preterite singular third-person)
legomosi (active first-person plural present)
legemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
lilxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
lāgmo (active first-person plural preterite)
legetesi (active plural present second-person)
legestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
lilxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
lāxte (active plural preterite second-person)
legonti (active plural present third-person)
legento (active imperfect plural third-person)
lilxsonti (active future plural third-person)
lāgars (active plural preterite third-person)
lexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lege (active imperative second-person singular)
lexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
legetou (active imperative singular third-person)
lexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
legomos (active first-person imperative plural)
lexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
legete (active imperative plural second-person)
lexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
legontou (active imperative plural third-person)
legūr (first-person passive present singular)
lilxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
legetar (passive present second-person singular)
lilxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
legetor (passive present singular third-person)
lilxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
legommor (first-person passive plural present)
lilxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
legedwe (passive plural present second-person)
lilxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
legontor (passive plural present third-person)
lilxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
lexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)

Old Irish: laigid
Irish: luigh
Manx: lhie
Scottish Gaelic: laigh

table
From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie in a resting position”).