saitus

saitus (nominative singular)
saitū (dual nominative)
saitowes (nominative plural)
saitu (singular vocative)
saitū (dual vocative)
saitūs (plural vocative)
saitum (accusative singular)
saitū (accusative dual)
saitums (accusative plural)
saitous (genitive singular)
saitous (dual genitive)
saitowom (genitive plural)
saitou (dative singular)
saitubom (dative dual)
saitubos (dative plural)
saitū (instrumental singular)
saitubim (dual instrumental)
saitubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: hoed

Old Irish: sáeth

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”).


sēbaris

sēbaris (nominative singular)
sēbarī (dual nominative)
sēbarīs (nominative plural)
sēbari (singular vocative)
sēbarī (dual vocative)
sēbarīs (plural vocative)
sēbarim (accusative singular)
sēbarī (accusative dual)
sēbarims (accusative plural)
sēbareis (genitive singular)
sēbaryow (dual genitive)
sēbaryom (genitive plural)
sēbarei (dative singular)
sēbaribom (dative dual)
sēbaribos (dative plural)
sēbarei (locative singular)
sēbarī (instrumental singular)
sēbaribim (dual instrumental)
sēbaribis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: síabair (i-stem), síabar (o-stem)

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”) or from a substrate language.

Gwɨnnohuɨβ̃arBreton: GwenivarMiddle Cornish: Gwynnever [ca. 1500]Cornish: Jennifer

Gweniver→ English: JenniferOld Welsh: *GuinhuifarMiddle Welsh: GwenhwyfarWelsh: Gwenhwyfar→ Medieval Latin: Guennuvar [ca. 1130]

Wennevereia [ca. 1220]Old French: GenievreMiddle French: GenievreFrench: Guenièvre→ Middle English: GuinevereEnglish: Guinevere→ Galician: Xenebra→ Italian: Ginevra→ Portuguese: Genebra→ Spanish: Ginebra


sannati

sannāmi (active first-person present singular)
sannamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sisnāsū (active first-person future singular)
sesona (active first-person preterite singular)
sannāsi (active present second-person singular)
sannatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sisnāsesi (active future second-person singular)
sesonas? (active preterite second-person singular)
sannāti (active present singular third-person)
sannato (active imperfect singular third-person)
sisnāseti (active future singular third-person)
sesone (active preterite singular third-person)
sannamosi (active first-person plural present)
sannamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sisnāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
sesonmo (active first-person plural preterite)
sannatesi (active plural present second-person)
sannastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sisnāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sesone (active plural preterite second-person)
sannanti (active plural present third-person)
sannanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
sisnāsonti (active future plural third-person)
sesonars (active plural preterite third-person)
sanasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sanasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sannā (active imperative second-person singular)
sanaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sannātou (active imperative singular third-person)
sanasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sannamos (active first-person imperative plural)
sanasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sannate (active imperative plural second-person)
sanasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sannantou (active imperative plural third-person)
sannār (first-person passive present singular)
sisnāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
sannātar (passive present second-person singular)
sisnāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
sannātor (passive present singular third-person)
sisnāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
sannammor (first-person passive plural present)
sisnāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
sannadwe (passive plural present second-person)
sisnāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
sannantor (passive plural present third-person)
sisnāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
sanasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sanasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sanasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sanasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sanasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sanasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
snatos (nominative singular)
snatou (dual nominative)
snatoi (nominative plural)
snate (singular vocative)
snatou (dual vocative)
snatoi (plural vocative)
snatom (accusative singular)
snatou (accusative dual)
snatoms (accusative plural)
snatī (genitive singular)
snatous (dual genitive)
snatom (genitive plural)
snatūi (dative singular)
snatobom (dative dual)
snatobos (dative plural)
snatū (instrumental singular)
snatobim (dual instrumental)
snatobis (instrumental plural)
snatā (nominative singular)
snatai (dual nominative)
snatās (nominative plural)
snatā (singular vocative)
snatai (dual vocative)
snatās (plural vocative)
snatam (accusative singular)
snatai (accusative dual)
snatams (accusative plural)
snatās (genitive singular)
snatai (dative singular)
snatābom (dative dual)
snatābos (dative plural)
snatābim (dual instrumental)
snatābis (instrumental plural)
snatom (nominative singular)
snatā (nominative plural)
snatom (singular vocative)
snatā (plural vocative)
snatā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: seinnid

From Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to reach, find, attain”).

der

do·coissin

*dī-kom-sesone (preterite-present); Old Irish


sedlom

sedlom (nominative singular)
sedlou (dual nominative)
sedlā (nominative plural)
sedlom (singular vocative)
sedlou (dual vocative)
sedlā (plural vocative)
sedlom (accusative singular)
sedlou (accusative dual)
sedlā (accusative plural)
sedlī (genitive singular)
sedlous (dual genitive)
sedlom (genitive plural)
sedlūi (dative singular)
sedlobom (dative dual)
sedlobos (dative plural)
sedlei (locative singular)
sedlū (instrumental singular)
sedlobim (dual instrumental)
sedlūis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: *sedlon

desc

⇒ Gaulish: kanekosedlon (“golden seat(?)”)

From Proto-Indo-European *sed-lom, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-tlom. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *setlaz, Proto-Slavic *sědlo, Latin sella.


serwā

serwā (nominative singular)
serwai (dual nominative)
serwās (nominative plural)
serwā (singular vocative)
serwai (dual vocative)
serwās (plural vocative)
serwam (accusative singular)
serwai (accusative dual)
serwāms (accusative plural)
serwās (genitive singular)
serwous (dual genitive)
serwom (genitive plural)
serwāi (dative singular)
serwābom (dative dual)
serwābos (dative plural)
serwai (locative singular)
serwābim (dual instrumental)
serwābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: herw

Old Irish: serb

From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“booty”). Cognate Latin servus (“slave”) and Hittite [script needed] (sāru-, “booty”).


selwā

selwā (nominative singular)
selwai (dual nominative)
selwās (nominative plural)
selwā (singular vocative)
selwai (dual vocative)
selwās (plural vocative)
selwam (accusative singular)
selwai (accusative dual)
selwāms (accusative plural)
selwās (genitive singular)
selwous (dual genitive)
selwom (genitive plural)
selwāi (dative singular)
selwābom (dative dual)
selwābos (dative plural)
selwai (locative singular)
selwābim (dual instrumental)
selwābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *helw

Middle Welsh: helw, elw

Welsh: elw

⇒ Gaulish: Luguselua

Old Irish: selb

Irish: sealbh, seilbh

Manx: shelloo

Scottish Gaelic: sealbh, seilbh

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grasp”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan) and Ancient Greek εἷλον (heîlon).


berwos

berwos (masculine nominative singular stem)
berwou (dual masculine nominative stem)
berwoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
berwe (masculine singular stem vocative)
berwou (dual masculine stem vocative)
berwūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
berwom (accusative masculine singular stem)
berwou (accusative dual masculine stem)
berwoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
berwī (genitive masculine singular stem)
berwous (dual genitive masculine stem)
berwom (genitive masculine plural stem)
berwūi (dative masculine singular stem)
berwobom (dative dual masculine stem)
berwobos (dative masculine plural stem)
berwei (locative masculine singular stem)
berwū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
berwobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
berwūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *berw

Middle Breton: beru

Breton: berv

Middle Welsh: berw

Welsh: berw

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).


sekʷetor

sekʷūr (first-person passive present singular)
sekʷetar (passive present second-person singular)
sekʷetor (passive present singular third-person)
sekʷommor (first-person passive plural present)
sekʷedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sekʷontor (passive plural present third-person)

Old Irish: seichithir

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: seichem, sechem
Irish: seicheamh

Gaulish: [Term?]

→ Latin: segusius
Old Lombard: sevux
Italian: segugio
Spanish: sabueso
Portuguese: sabujo

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor (“to be following”) from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Latin sequor, Sanskrit सचते (sácate) and Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai).


sekʷeti

sekʷū (active first-person present singular)
sekʷemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sekʷesi (active present second-person singular)
sekʷetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sekʷeti (active present singular third-person)
sekʷeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sekʷomosi (active first-person plural present)
sekʷemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sekʷetesi (active plural present second-person)
sekʷestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sekʷonti (active plural present third-person)
sekʷento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sekʷe (active imperative second-person singular)
sekʷetou (active imperative singular third-person)
sekʷomos (active first-person imperative plural)
sekʷete (active imperative plural second-person)
sekʷontou (active imperative plural third-person)
sekʷūr (first-person passive present singular)
sekʷetar (passive present second-person singular)
sekʷetor (passive present singular third-person)
sekʷommor (first-person passive plural present)
sekʷedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sekʷontor (passive plural present third-person)

Proto-Brythonic: *hėbɨd

Old Breton: hep

Old Welsh: hepp (3sg. pres.)

desc

Middle Welsh: heb (3sg. pres.), hebaf (1sg. pres.)

Welsh: hebu

Old Irish: seichid

Middle Irish: sechid

From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”). Cognate with Latin inquam, Ancient Greek ἐνέπω (enépō) and Proto-Germanic *sagjaną.


Rextugenos

Rextugenos (masculine nominative singular stem)
Rextugene (masculine singular stem vocative)
Rextugenom (accusative masculine singular stem)
Rextugenī (genitive masculine singular stem)
Rextugenūi (dative masculine singular stem)
Rextugenei (locative masculine singular stem)
Rextugenū (instrumental masculine singular stem)

Celtiberian: [Term?] (retukeno, genitive singular)

Gaulish: Rextugenos

From *rextus (“rule, law”) + *genos (“family”).


balkos

balkos (nominative singular)
balkou (dual nominative)
balkoi (nominative plural)
balke (singular vocative)
balkou (dual vocative)
balkoi (plural vocative)
balkom (accusative singular)
balkou (accusative dual)
balkoms (accusative plural)
balkī (genitive singular)
balkous (dual genitive)
balkom (genitive plural)
balkūi (dative singular)
balkobom (dative dual)
balkobos (dative plural)
balkū (instrumental singular)
balkobim (dual instrumental)
balkobis (instrumental plural)
balkā (nominative singular)
balkai (dual nominative)
balkās (nominative plural)
balkā (singular vocative)
balkai (dual vocative)
balkās (plural vocative)
balkam (accusative singular)
balkai (accusative dual)
balkams (accusative plural)
balkās (genitive singular)
balkai (dative singular)
balkābom (dative dual)
balkābos (dative plural)
balkābim (dual instrumental)
balkābis (instrumental plural)
balkom (nominative singular)
balkā (nominative plural)
balkom (singular vocative)
balkā (plural vocative)
balkā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: balch

Breton: balc'h

Cornish: balgh

Old Irish: balc

→ Vulgar Latin: balca

Catalan: balca

Occitan: balca, bauca

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”). Cognate Proto-Germanic *balþaz.


sɸēmis

sɸēmis (nominative singular)
sɸēmī (dual nominative)
sɸēmīs (nominative plural)
sɸēmi (singular vocative)
sɸēmī (dual vocative)
sɸēmīs (plural vocative)
sɸēmim (accusative singular)
sɸēmī (accusative dual)
sɸēmims (accusative plural)
sɸēmēs (genitive singular)
sɸēmyou (dual genitive)
sɸēmyom (genitive plural)
sɸēmē (dative singular)
sɸēmibom (dative dual)
sɸēmibos (dative plural)
sɸēmī (instrumental singular)
sɸēmibim (dual instrumental)
sɸēmibis (instrumental plural)
sɸēmi (nominative singular)
sɸēmyā (nominative plural)
sɸēmyā (plural vocative)
sɸēmi (accusative singular)
sɸēmyā (accusative plural)
sɸēmois (genitive singular)
sɸēmois (dual genitive)

Old Irish: séim

Irish: séimh

⇒ Irish: séimhigh

Scottish Gaelic: sèimh

From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thin”).


semeti

semū (active first-person present singular)
sememam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sismāsū (active first-person future singular)
semam (active first-person preterite singular)
semesi (active present second-person singular)
semetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sismāsesi (active future second-person singular)
sens (active preterite second-person singular)
semeti (active present singular third-person)
semeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sismāseti (active future singular third-person)
sent (active preterite singular third-person)
semomosi (active first-person plural present)
sememo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sismāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
semme (active first-person plural preterite)
semetesi (active plural present second-person)
semestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sismāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sente (active plural preterite second-person)
semonti (active plural present third-person)
semento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sismāsonti (active future plural third-person)
semant (active plural preterite third-person)
semasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
semasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
seme (active imperative second-person singular)
semaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
semetou (active imperative singular third-person)
semasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
semomos (active first-person imperative plural)
semasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
semete (active imperative plural second-person)
semasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
semontou (active imperative plural third-person)
semūr (first-person passive present singular)
sismāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
semetar (passive present second-person singular)
sismāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
semetor (passive present singular third-person)
sismāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
semommor (first-person passive plural present)
sismāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
semedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sismāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
semontor (passive plural present third-person)
sismāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
semasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
semasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
semasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
semasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
semasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
semasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
santos (nominative singular)
santou (dual nominative)
santoi (nominative plural)
sante (singular vocative)
santou (dual vocative)
santoi (plural vocative)
santom (accusative singular)
santou (accusative dual)
santoms (accusative plural)
santī (genitive singular)
santous (dual genitive)
santom (genitive plural)
santūi (dative singular)
santobom (dative dual)
santobos (dative plural)
santū (instrumental singular)
santobim (dual instrumental)
santobis (instrumental plural)
santā (nominative singular)
santai (dual nominative)
santās (nominative plural)
santā (singular vocative)
santai (dual vocative)
santās (plural vocative)
santam (accusative singular)
santai (accusative dual)
santams (accusative plural)
santās (genitive singular)
santai (dative singular)
santābom (dative dual)
santābos (dative plural)
santābim (dual instrumental)
santābis (instrumental plural)
santom (nominative singular)
santā (nominative plural)
santom (singular vocative)
santā (plural vocative)
santā (accusative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *semH- (“to pump, draw water, scoop”). Cognate with Latin sentina, Ancient Greek ἀμάομαι (amáomai) and Lithuanian sémti.

der

Old Irish: do·fuissimMiddle Irish: tuismidIrish: tuismighScottish Gaelic: taoim Manx: teaum


rextus

rextus (nominative singular)
rextū (dual nominative)
rextowes (nominative plural)
rextu (singular vocative)
rextū (dual vocative)
rextūs (plural vocative)
rextum (accusative singular)
rextū (accusative dual)
rextums (accusative plural)
rextous (genitive singular)
rextous (dual genitive)
rextowom (genitive plural)
rextou (dative singular)
rextubom (dative dual)
rextubos (dative plural)
rextū (instrumental singular)
rextubim (dual instrumental)
rextubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *rreiθ
Middle Breton: rez, reiz
Cornish: ryth
Middle Welsh: reyth
Welsh: rhaith

Old Irish: recht, rect
Irish: reacht
Scottish Gaelic: reachd

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃reiθ

Middle Welsh: kyfreith, kyureith

Welsh: cyfraith

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, to right oneself”).


rextus

Middle Irish: recht

Possibly from either:
* Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (“to snatch”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι (eréptomai, “to devour, snatch away”), Latin rapiō (“to seize”).
* Proto-Indo-European *rebʰ- (“violent”), cognate to Latin rabiō (“to go mad”).


Medugenos

Medugenos (masculine nominative singular stem)
Medugenom (accusative masculine singular stem)
Medugenūi (dative masculine singular stem)
Medugenei (locative masculine singular stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh: Medgen

Celtiberian: Mezukenos

Gaulish: Medugenos

Primitive Irish: ᚋᚓᚇᚇᚑᚌᚓᚅᚔ (Meddogeni)

From *medu (“mead, alcoholic drink”) + *genos (“family, clan”).


kengets

kengets (nominative singular)
kengete (dual nominative)
kengetes (nominative plural)
kengets (singular vocative)
kengete (dual vocative)
kengetes (plural vocative)
kengetam (accusative singular)
kengete (accusative dual)
kengetams (accusative plural)
kengetos (genitive singular)
kengetou (dual genitive)
kengetom (genitive plural)
kengetei (dative singular)
kengetobom (dative dual)
kengetobos (dative plural)
kengeti (locative singular)
kengete? (instrumental singular)
kengetobim (dual instrumental)
kengetobis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: *kingess, *kingeto- (in personal names)

Old Irish: cing

From Proto-Indo-European *keng- (“to step, walk (lamely), tread”).


wedeti

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

wedū (active first-person present singular)
wedemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wāda (active first-person preterite singular)
wedesi (active present second-person singular)
wedetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wādas? (active preterite second-person singular)
wedeti (active present singular third-person)
wedeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wāde (active preterite singular third-person)
wedomosi (active first-person plural present)
wedemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wādmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wedetesi (active plural present second-person)
wedestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
wedonti (active plural present third-person)
wedento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wādars (active plural preterite third-person)
wetsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wetsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wede (active imperative second-person singular)
wetseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wedetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wetsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wedomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wetsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wedete (active imperative plural second-person)
wetsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wedontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wedūr (first-person passive present singular)
wedetar (passive present second-person singular)
wedetor (passive present singular third-person)
wedommor (first-person passive plural present)
wededwe (passive plural present second-person)
wedontor (passive plural present third-person)
wetsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wetsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wetsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wetsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wetsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wetsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wessos (nominative singular)
wessou (dual nominative)
wessoi (nominative plural)
wesse (singular vocative)
wessou (dual vocative)
wessoi (plural vocative)
wessom (accusative singular)
wessou (accusative dual)
wessoms (accusative plural)
wessī (genitive singular)
wessous (dual genitive)
wessom (genitive plural)
wessūi (dative singular)
wessobom (dative dual)
wessobos (dative plural)
wessū (instrumental singular)
wessobim (dual instrumental)
wessobis (instrumental plural)
wessā (nominative singular)
wessai (dual nominative)
wessās (nominative plural)
wessā (singular vocative)
wessai (dual vocative)
wessās (plural vocative)
wessam (accusative singular)
wessai (accusative dual)
wessams (accusative plural)
wessās (genitive singular)
wessai (dative singular)
wessābom (dative dual)
wessābos (dative plural)
wessābim (dual instrumental)
wessābis (instrumental plural)
wessom (nominative singular)
wessā (nominative plural)
wessom (singular vocative)
wessā (plural vocative)
wessā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

desc

Middle Welsh: gweðu (“to befit, suit, be yoked”)

Welsh: gweddu

⇒ Middle Breton: dimiziff (“to marry”)

Breton: dimeziñ

⇒ Cornish: demmedhi (“to marry”)

Old Irish: feidid

From Proto-Indo-European *wédʰeti (“to lead”).

der

arweddu

⇒ Middle Welsh: arwein (“to carry, lead”); Welsh

cywain

Middle Welsh: kywein (“to bring together, gather (harvest)”); Welsh


sekess

sekets (nominative singular)
sekete (dual nominative)
seketes (nominative plural)
sekets (singular vocative)
sekete (dual vocative)
seketes (plural vocative)
seketam (accusative singular)
sekete (accusative dual)
seketams (accusative plural)
seketos (genitive singular)
seketou (dual genitive)
seketom (genitive plural)
seketei (dative singular)
seketobom (dative dual)
seketobos (dative plural)
seketi (locative singular)
sekete? (instrumental singular)
seketobim (dual instrumental)
seketobis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: seiche

Irish: seithe

From Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).


wedos

wedos (masculine nominative singular stem)
wedou (dual masculine nominative stem)
wedoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
wede (masculine singular stem vocative)
wedou (dual masculine stem vocative)
wedūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
wedom (accusative masculine singular stem)
wedou (accusative dual masculine stem)
wedoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
wedī (genitive masculine singular stem)
wedous (dual genitive masculine stem)
wedom (genitive masculine plural stem)
wedūi (dative masculine singular stem)
wedobom (dative dual masculine stem)
wedobos (dative masculine plural stem)
wedei (locative masculine singular stem)
wedū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
wedobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
wedūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: gwedd

Welsh: gwedd

⇒ Middle Irish: fedil, feidil

From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to bind”).


ballos

ballos (masculine nominative singular stem)
ballou (dual masculine nominative stem)
balloi (masculine nominative plural stem)
balle (masculine singular stem vocative)
ballou (dual masculine stem vocative)
ballūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
ballom (accusative masculine singular stem)
ballou (accusative dual masculine stem)
balloms (accusative masculine plural stem)
ballī (genitive masculine singular stem)
ballous (dual genitive masculine stem)
ballom (genitive masculine plural stem)
ballūi (dative masculine singular stem)
ballobom (dative dual masculine stem)
ballobos (dative masculine plural stem)
ballei (locative masculine singular stem)
ballū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
ballobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
ballūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Old Irish: ball

Irish: ball

Scottish Gaelic: ball

Gaulish: *ballos

⇒ Gaulish: Andonnoballos

⇒ Gaulish: Ballomarios

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós) and Latin follis.


bakkos

bakkos (masculine nominative singular stem)
bakkou (dual masculine nominative stem)
bakkoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
bakke (masculine singular stem vocative)
bakkou (dual masculine stem vocative)
bakkūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
bakkom (accusative masculine singular stem)
bakkou (accusative dual masculine stem)
bakkoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
bakkī (genitive masculine singular stem)
bakkous (dual genitive masculine stem)
bakkom (genitive masculine plural stem)
bakkūi (dative masculine singular stem)
bakkobom (dative dual masculine stem)
bakkobos (dative masculine plural stem)
bakkei (locative masculine singular stem)
bakkū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
bakkobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
bakkūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: bah

Middle Breton: bach

Breton: bac'h

Cornish: bagh

Old Welsh: bach

Middle Welsh: bach

Welsh: bach

Old Irish: bacc

Unknown. Historically linked to Latin baculum (“staff, rod”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *bak-. Matasović assumes a wanderword origin.


bādīti

bādeyū (active first-person present singular)
bādīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bādīsi (active present second-person singular)
bādītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bādīti (active present singular third-person)
bādīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bādeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
bādīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bādītesi (active plural present second-person)
bādīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bādeyonti (active plural present third-person)
bādīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
bādī (active imperative second-person singular)
bādītou (active imperative singular third-person)
bādeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
bādīte (active imperative plural second-person)
bādeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
bādeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
bādītar (passive present second-person singular)
bādītor (passive present singular third-person)
bādeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
bādīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
bādeyontor (passive plural present third-person)

Proto-Brythonic: *bọðid

Middle Welsh: body, bodi

Welsh: boddi

Middle Breton: beuziff

Breton: beuziñ

Middle Cornish: bedhy

Cornish: beudhi

desctree

Old Irish: báidid
Irish: báigh
Manx: baih
Scottish Gaelic: bàth

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂dʰ- (“to tread, wade”). Perhaps cognate with Ancient Greek βᾰθῠ́ς (bathús, “deep”).


wetā

wetā (nominative singular)
wetai (dual nominative)
wetās (nominative plural)
wetā (singular vocative)
wetai (dual vocative)
wetās (plural vocative)
wetam (accusative singular)
wetai (accusative dual)
wetāms (accusative plural)
wetās (genitive singular)
wetous (dual genitive)
wetom (genitive plural)
wetāi (dative singular)
wetābom (dative dual)
wetābos (dative plural)
wetai (locative singular)
wetābim (dual instrumental)
wetābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: (<*wettā)

Old Breton: goed

Middle Breton: goaz, guez

Breton: gwazh

Old Cornish: guid

Middle Cornish: gwyth, goth

Middle Welsh: gwyth

Welsh: gŵyth

Middle Irish: féith

From Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to wither”).


wēdeti

wēdū (active first-person present singular)
wēdemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiwissū (active first-person future singular)
wiwida (active first-person preterite singular)
wēdesi (active present second-person singular)
wēdetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiwissesi (active future second-person singular)
wiwidas? (active preterite second-person singular)
wēdeti (active present singular third-person)
wēdeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiwisseti (active future singular third-person)
wiwide (active preterite singular third-person)
wēdomosi (active first-person plural present)
wēdemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiwissomosi (active first-person future plural)
wiwidmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wēdetesi (active plural present second-person)
wēdestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiwissetesi (active future plural second-person)
wiwisse (active plural preterite second-person)
wēdonti (active plural present third-person)
wēdento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiwissonti (active future plural third-person)
wiwidars (active plural preterite third-person)
wēsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wēsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wēde (active imperative second-person singular)
wēseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wēdetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wēsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wēdomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wēsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wēdete (active imperative plural second-person)
wēsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wēdontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wēdūr (first-person passive present singular)
wiwissūr (first-person future passive singular)
wēdetar (passive present second-person singular)
wiwissetar (future passive second-person singular)
wēdetor (passive present singular third-person)
wiwissetor (future passive singular third-person)
wēdommor (first-person passive plural present)
wiwissommor (first-person future passive plural)
wēdedwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiwissedwe (future passive plural second-person)
wēdontor (passive plural present third-person)
wiwissontor (future passive plural third-person)
wēsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wēsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wēsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wēsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wēsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wēsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wissos (nominative singular)
wissou (dual nominative)
wissoi (nominative plural)
wisse (singular vocative)
wissou (dual vocative)
wissoi (plural vocative)
wissom (accusative singular)
wissou (accusative dual)
wissoms (accusative plural)
wissī (genitive singular)
wissous (dual genitive)
wissom (genitive plural)
wissūi (dative singular)
wissobom (dative dual)
wissobos (dative plural)
wissū (instrumental singular)
wissobim (dual instrumental)
wissobis (instrumental plural)
wissā (nominative singular)
wissai (dual nominative)
wissās (nominative plural)
wissā (singular vocative)
wissai (dual vocative)
wissās (plural vocative)
wissam (accusative singular)
wissai (accusative dual)
wissams (accusative plural)
wissās (genitive singular)
wissai (dative singular)
wissābom (dative dual)
wissābos (dative plural)
wissābim (dual instrumental)
wissābis (instrumental plural)
wissom (nominative singular)
wissā (nominative plural)
wissom (singular vocative)
wissā (plural vocative)
wissā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Middle Welsh: amcawdd, amceudd

⇒ Old Irish: ad·fét

⇒ Old Irish: in·fét

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to perceive, see”).


wextā

wextā (nominative singular)
wextai (dual nominative)
wextās (nominative plural)
wextā (singular vocative)
wextai (dual vocative)
wextās (plural vocative)
wextam (accusative singular)
wextai (accusative dual)
wextāms (accusative plural)
wextās (genitive singular)
wextous (dual genitive)
wextom (genitive plural)
wextāi (dative singular)
wextābom (dative dual)
wextābos (dative plural)
wextai (locative singular)
wextābim (dual instrumental)
wextābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gweiθ

Old Breton: gueid

Middle Breton: guez

Breton: gwezh

Old Cornish: gueid

Middle Cornish: gweth, gwyth

Cornish: gweyth

Middle Welsh: gweith

Welsh: gwaith

desctree

Old Irish: fecht, fect
Irish: feacht
Scottish Gaelic: feachd

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to bring, to transport”).


wesus

wesus (nominative singular)
wesū (dual nominative)
wesowes (nominative plural)
wesu (singular vocative)
wesū (dual vocative)
wesūs (plural vocative)
wesum (accusative singular)
wesū (accusative dual)
wesums (accusative plural)
wesous (genitive singular)
wesous (dual genitive)
wesowom (genitive plural)
wesou (dative singular)
wesubom (dative dual)
wesubos (dative plural)
wesū (instrumental singular)
wesubim (dual instrumental)
wesubis (instrumental plural)
wesu (nominative singular)
weswā (nominative plural)
weswā (plural vocative)
wesu (accusative singular)
weswā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwiw

Old Breton: uuiu

Middle Breton: wiw

Old Cornish: guiu

Cornish: guiu

Middle Welsh: wiw

Welsh: gwiw

desctree

Old Irish: fíu, fiu, fiú
Irish: fiú
Manx: feeu
Scottish Gaelic: fiù

Old Irish: feib (dat.)

Gaulish: *wesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Bellowesus

→ Latin: Bellovesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Segowesus

→ Latin: Segovesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Wesuawos

→ Latin: Vesuavus

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“excellent”). Sanskrit वसु (vásu) and Luwian 𒉿𒀀𒋗𒍑 (wa-a-šu-uš /wāsus/).


wessis

wessis (nominative singular)
wessī (dual nominative)
wessīs (nominative plural)
wessi (singular vocative)
wessī (dual vocative)
wessīs (plural vocative)
wessim (accusative singular)
wessī (accusative dual)
wessims (accusative plural)
wesseis (genitive singular)
wessyow (dual genitive)
wessyom (genitive plural)
wessei (dative singular)
wessibom (dative dual)
wessibos (dative plural)
wessei (locative singular)
wessī (instrumental singular)
wessibim (dual instrumental)
wessibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: guis

Middle Breton: guis, gues

Breton: gwis

Old Cornish: guis

Middle Welsh: gwys

Welsh: gwŷs

Middle Irish: feis

From Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”).


westā

westā (nominative singular)
westai (dual nominative)
westās (nominative plural)
westā (singular vocative)
westai (dual vocative)
westās (plural vocative)
westam (accusative singular)
westai (accusative dual)
westāms (accusative plural)
westās (genitive singular)
westous (dual genitive)
westom (genitive plural)
westāi (dative singular)
westābom (dative dual)
westābos (dative plural)
westai (locative singular)
westābim (dual instrumental)
westābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwest

⇒ Old Breton: Orguest (personal name)

Old Cornish: gwest

Middle Welsh: gwest

Old Irish: fess

Given it meaning both "feast" and "staying the night", this term's derivation has been disputed. It contains the suffix *-tā anyhow.
* The meaning "stay for a night" can only be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, spend the night”).
* The meaning "feast" is either derived from the "stay" meaning (with a feast and other entertainment assumed to be customary for inviting someone else over to one's place), or Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze”).

der

staying at someone's place for the night


wesnālā

wesnālā (nominative singular)
wesnālai (dual nominative)
wesnālās (nominative plural)
wesnālā (singular vocative)
wesnālai (dual vocative)
wesnālās (plural vocative)
wesnālam (accusative singular)
wesnālai (accusative dual)
wesnālāms (accusative plural)
wesnālās (genitive singular)
wesnālous (dual genitive)
wesnālom (genitive plural)
wesnālāi (dative singular)
wesnālābom (dative dual)
wesnālābos (dative plural)
wesnālai (locative singular)
wesnālābim (dual instrumental)
wesnālābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gwennọl
Old Breton: guennol
Middle Breton: guennel
Breton: gwennel
→ Cornish: gwennel (partially)
Old Cornish: guennol
Middle Welsh: gwennawl
Welsh: gwennol

Old Irish: fanall

Irish: fáinleog

Scottish Gaelic: ainleag

Gaulish:

→ French: vanneau

From Proto-Indo-European *wós-r̥ ~ *wés-n̥s (“spring (season)”).


wesrakos

wesrakos (masculine nominative singular stem)
wesrakou (dual masculine nominative stem)
wesrakoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
wesrake (masculine singular stem vocative)
wesrakou (dual masculine stem vocative)
wesrakūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
wesrakom (accusative masculine singular stem)
wesrakou (accusative dual masculine stem)
wesrakoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
wesrakī (genitive masculine singular stem)
wesrakous (dual genitive masculine stem)
wesrakom (genitive masculine plural stem)
wesrakūi (dative masculine singular stem)
wesrakobom (dative dual masculine stem)
wesrakobos (dative masculine plural stem)
wesrakei (locative masculine singular stem)
wesrakū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
wesrakobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
wesrakūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Old Irish: errach
Irish: earrach
Scottish Gaelic: earrach
Manx: arragh

From *wesrū + *-akos, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring (season)”).


sɸenyos

sɸenyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
sɸenyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
sɸenyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
sɸenye (masculine singular stem vocative)
sɸenyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
sɸenyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
sɸenyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
sɸenyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
sɸenyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
sɸenyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
sɸenyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
sɸenyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
sɸenyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
sɸenyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
sɸenyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
sɸenyei (locative masculine singular stem)
sɸenyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
sɸenyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
sɸenyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Old Irish: sine
Irish: sine
Manx: sheeiney
Scottish Gaelic: sine

From Proto-Indo-European *sptén-yo-s, from *pstḗn (“teat”).


sedom

sedom (nominative singular)
sedou (dual nominative)
sedā (nominative plural)
sedom (singular vocative)
sedou (dual vocative)
sedā (plural vocative)
sedom (accusative singular)
sedou (accusative dual)
sedā (accusative plural)
sedī (genitive singular)
sedous (dual genitive)
sedom (genitive plural)
sedūi (dative singular)
sedobom (dative dual)
sedobos (dative plural)
sedei (locative singular)
sedū (instrumental singular)
sedobim (dual instrumental)
sedūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *heð

Old Breton: hed

Middle Breton: hez

Breton: hez

Middle Welsh: hedd

Welsh: hedd

From Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕδος (hédos) and Latin sedes.
All the derivatives of this word indicate that the simplex originally meant "sitting" or "seat" before acquiring various specialized meanings in Brittonic.

tumulus (inhabited by supernatural beings)

annedd

Middle Welsh: anhed, annhet, anhet; Welsh

annez

Proto-Brythonic: *anheð (“dwelling, furniture”); Breton


sexskā

sexskā (nominative singular)
sexskai (dual nominative)
sexskās (nominative plural)
sexskā (singular vocative)
sexskai (dual vocative)
sexskās (plural vocative)
sexskam (accusative singular)
sexskai (accusative dual)
sexskāms (accusative plural)
sexskās (genitive singular)
sexskous (dual genitive)
sexskom (genitive plural)
sexskāi (dative singular)
sexskābom (dative dual)
sexskābos (dative plural)
sexskai (locative singular)
sexskābim (dual instrumental)
sexskābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hesk

Middle Breton: hesq

Breton: hesk

Cornish: heschen, hesc

Middle Welsh: hescenn

Welsh: hesg

Middle Irish: seisc (< *sexskis)

Thought to be cognate with Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“sedge”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sek(H)- (“to cut”), either from *séks-keh₂, from se-present *sék(H)-se-ti + *-keh₂, or *sésk(H)-eh₂, from reduplicated thematic aorist *sé-sk(H)-et + *-eh₂.


sīdos

sīdos (neuter nominative singular)
sīdese? (dual neuter nominative)
sīdesa (neuter nominative plural)
sīdos (neuter singular vocative)
sīdese? (dual neuter vocative)
sīdesa (neuter plural vocative)
sīdos (accusative neuter singular)
sīdese? (accusative dual neuter)
sīdesa (accusative neuter plural)
sīdesos (genitive neuter singular)
sīdesous? (dual genitive neuter)
sīdesom (genitive neuter plural)
sīdesē (dative neuter singular)
sīdesbom (dative dual neuter)
sīdesbos (dative neuter plural)
sīdesi (locative neuter singular)
sīdesē (instrumental neuter singular)
sīdesbim (dual instrumental neuter)
sīdesbis (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Irish: síd, síth
Middle Irish: side
Irish: sí, síth
Manx: shee
Scottish Gaelic: sìth

Gaulish: *Wirosīdon

Latin: Virosidum

From Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕδος (hédos) and Latin sedes.


skātos

skātos (masculine nominative singular stem)
skātou (dual masculine nominative stem)
skātoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
skāte (masculine singular stem vocative)
skātou (dual masculine stem vocative)
skātūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
skātom (accusative masculine singular stem)
skātou (accusative dual masculine stem)
skātoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
skātī (genitive masculine singular stem)
skātous (dual genitive masculine stem)
skātom (genitive masculine plural stem)
skātūi (dative masculine singular stem)
skātobom (dative dual masculine stem)
skātobos (dative masculine plural stem)
skātei (locative masculine singular stem)
skātū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
skātobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
skātūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *skọd
Breton: skeud
Old Cornish: scod
Cornish: skeus
Middle Welsh: ysgawt
Welsh: ysgod

Old Irish: scáth
Irish: scáth
Manx: scaa
Scottish Gaelic: sgàth
⇒ Middle Irish: scáthán
Irish: scáthán

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-tó-s, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkess, shadow”) + *-tós.


saitlom

saitlom (nominative singular)
saitlou (dual nominative)
saitlā (nominative plural)
saitlom (singular vocative)
saitlou (dual vocative)
saitlā (plural vocative)
saitlom (accusative singular)
saitlou (accusative dual)
saitlā (accusative plural)
saitlī (genitive singular)
saitlous (dual genitive)
saitlom (genitive plural)
saitlūi (dative singular)
saitlobom (dative dual)
saitlobos (dative plural)
saitlei (locative singular)
saitlū (instrumental singular)
saitlobim (dual instrumental)
saitlūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hoɨdl
Old Breton: hoidl
Middle Breton: hoazl
Breton: hoal
Middle Welsh: hoedl

Gaulish: *sētlom

⇒ Gaulish: *Sētlokēnyā (+ *kēnos (“long”))

→ Latin: Sētlocēnia (female deity)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifespan, lifetime”).

inh

hirhoazlus

*sīrosaitlom (+ *sīros (“long”)); Middle Breton


līwos

līwos (masculine nominative singular stem)
līwou (dual masculine nominative stem)
līwoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
līwe (masculine singular stem vocative)
līwou (dual masculine stem vocative)
līwūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
līwom (accusative masculine singular stem)
līwou (accusative dual masculine stem)
līwoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
līwī (genitive masculine singular stem)
līwous (dual genitive masculine stem)
līwom (genitive masculine plural stem)
līwūi (dative masculine singular stem)
līwobom (dative dual masculine stem)
līwobos (dative masculine plural stem)
līwei (locative masculine singular stem)
līwū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
līwobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
līwūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *lliw
Old Breton: liu, liou
Middle Breton: liu
Breton: liv
Old Cornish: liu
Middle Cornish: lyw
Old Welsh: liu
Middle Welsh: lliw
Welsh: lliw

Old Irish: lí, líi
Middle Irish: lí
Irish: lí

Gaulish: *lios

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós.


līwos

Old Irish: lie

From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”). Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).

inh

losenge

→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French


garyos

garyos (masculine nominative singular stem)
garyou (dual masculine nominative stem)
garyoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
garye (masculine singular stem vocative)
garyou (dual masculine stem vocative)
garyūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
garyom (accusative masculine singular stem)
garyou (accusative dual masculine stem)
garyoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
garyī (genitive masculine singular stem)
garyous (dual genitive masculine stem)
garyom (genitive masculine plural stem)
garyūi (dative masculine singular stem)
garyobom (dative dual masculine stem)
garyobos (dative masculine plural stem)
garyei (locative masculine singular stem)
garyū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
garyobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
garyūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gėr
Middle Breton: guer
Breton: ger
Cornish: ger
Middle Welsh: geir
Welsh: gair

Old Irish: gair

Gaulish: adgarion (acc.sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry”).


gāri

gāri (nominative singular)
gārī (dual nominative)
gāryā (nominative plural)
gāri (singular vocative)
gārī (dual vocative)
gāryā (plural vocative)
gāri (accusative singular)
gārī (accusative dual)
gāryā (accusative plural)
gārois (genitive singular)
gārois (dual genitive)
gāryom (genitive plural)
gārei (dative singular)
gāribom (dative dual)
gāribos (dative plural)
gārei (locative singular)
gārī (instrumental singular)
gāribim (dual instrumental)
gāribis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gọr

Middle Welsh: gawr

Old Irish: gáir

Irish: gáir

Scottish Gaelic: gàir


garsman

garsman (nominative singular)
garsmane? (dual nominative)
garsmana (nominative plural)
garsman (singular vocative)
garsmane? (dual vocative)
garsmana (plural vocative)
garsman (accusative singular)
garsmane? (accusative dual)
garsmana (accusative plural)
garsmens (genitive singular)
garsmenous? (dual genitive)
garsmenom (genitive plural)
garsmenē (dative singular)
garsmembom (dative dual)
garsmembos (dative plural)
garsmen (locative singular)
garsmeni (locative singular)
garsmenē (instrumental singular)
garsmembim (dual instrumental)
garsmembis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: garm

Breton: garm

Cornish: garm

Middle Welsh: garm

Old Irish: gairm

Irish: gairm

Scottish Gaelic: gairm

Gaulish: *garman

→ Latin: Garmanus

→ Old French: guermenter (“lament”)

→ Latin: Garmangabi

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry”), suffixed with *-sman + [Term?] (action noun suffix).


garyeti

garyū (active first-person present singular)
garyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
gigarasū (active first-person future singular)
garam (active first-person preterite singular)
garyesi (active present second-person singular)
garyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gigarasesi (active future second-person singular)
gars (active preterite second-person singular)
garyeti (active present singular third-person)
garyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
gigaraseti (active future singular third-person)
gart (active preterite singular third-person)
garyomosi (active first-person plural present)
garyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gigarasomosi (active first-person future plural)
garme (active first-person plural preterite)
garyetesi (active plural present second-person)
garyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gigarasetesi (active future plural second-person)
garte (active plural preterite second-person)
garyonti (active plural present third-person)
garyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
gigarasonti (active future plural third-person)
garant (active plural preterite third-person)
garasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
garasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
garye (active imperative second-person singular)
garaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
garyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
garasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
garyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
garasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
garyete (active imperative plural second-person)
garasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
garyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
garyūr (first-person passive present singular)
gigarasūr (first-person future passive singular)
garyetar (passive present second-person singular)
gigarasetar (future passive second-person singular)
garyetor (passive present singular third-person)
gigarasetor (future passive singular third-person)
garyommor (first-person passive plural present)
gigarasommor (first-person future passive plural)
garyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
gigarasedwe (future passive plural second-person)
garyontor (passive plural present third-person)
gigarasontor (future passive plural third-person)
garasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
garasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
garasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
garasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
garasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
garasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gartos (nominative singular)
gartou (dual nominative)
gartoi (nominative plural)
garte (singular vocative)
gartou (dual vocative)
gartoi (plural vocative)
gartom (accusative singular)
gartou (accusative dual)
gartoms (accusative plural)
gartī (genitive singular)
gartous (dual genitive)
gartom (genitive plural)
gartūi (dative singular)
gartobom (dative dual)
gartobos (dative plural)
gartū (instrumental singular)
gartobim (dual instrumental)
gartobis (instrumental plural)
gartā (nominative singular)
gartai (dual nominative)
gartās (nominative plural)
gartā (singular vocative)
gartai (dual vocative)
gartās (plural vocative)
gartam (accusative singular)
gartai (accusative dual)
gartams (accusative plural)
gartās (genitive singular)
gartai (dative singular)
gartābom (dative dual)
gartābos (dative plural)
gartābim (dual instrumental)
gartābis (instrumental plural)
gartom (nominative singular)
gartā (nominative plural)
gartom (singular vocative)
gartā (plural vocative)
gartā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: gerent

Middle Welsh: garddu

desctree

Old Irish: gairid
Middle Irish: gairid
Irish: gair
Scottish Gaelic: goir

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥-ye-ti (“to call, cry”).


tankos

tankos (masculine nominative singular stem)
tankou (dual masculine nominative stem)
tankoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
tanke (masculine singular stem vocative)
tankou (dual masculine stem vocative)
tankūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
tankom (accusative masculine singular stem)
tankou (accusative dual masculine stem)
tankoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
tankī (genitive masculine singular stem)
tankous (dual genitive masculine stem)
tankom (genitive masculine plural stem)
tankūi (dative masculine singular stem)
tankobom (dative dual masculine stem)
tankobos (dative masculine plural stem)
tankei (locative masculine singular stem)
tankū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
tankobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
tankūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh: tagc

Middle Welsh: tang, tanc

Welsh: tang

Gaulish: *tankos, takos

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be solid, firm”).


rīgyom

rīgyom (nominative singular)
rīgyou (dual nominative)
rīgyā (nominative plural)
rīgyom (singular vocative)
rīgyou (dual vocative)
rīgyā (plural vocative)
rīgyom (accusative singular)
rīgyou (accusative dual)
rīgyā (accusative plural)
rīgyī (genitive singular)
rīgyous (dual genitive)
rīgyom (genitive plural)
rīgyūi (dative singular)
rīgyobom (dative dual)
rīgyobos (dative plural)
rīgyei (locative singular)
rīgyū (instrumental singular)
rīgyobim (dual instrumental)
rīgyūis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: ríge

→ Proto-Germanic: *rīkiją, *rīkijaz

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king”), also of same origin Latin rex

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


ɸitu

ɸitu (nominative singular)
ɸitū (dual nominative)
ɸitwā (nominative plural)
ɸitu (singular vocative)
ɸitū (dual vocative)
ɸitwā (plural vocative)
ɸitu (accusative singular)
ɸitū (accusative dual)
ɸitwā (accusative plural)
ɸitous (genitive singular)
ɸitous (dual genitive)
ɸitowom (genitive plural)
ɸitou (dative singular)
ɸitubom (dative dual)
ɸitubos (dative plural)
ɸitū (instrumental singular)
ɸitubim (dual instrumental)
ɸitubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *ɨd (“corn, grain”)

Middle Breton: et, eth, yt

Breton: ed

Old Cornish: yd

Middle Cornish: eys, ys

⇒ Old Cornish: hitaduer

Middle Welsh: yt

Welsh: ŷd

desctree

Old Irish: ith n (“corn, grain”)
Irish: ioth

Gaulish: *itu

⇒ Latin: Itius, Ittu (personal name)

From Proto-Indo-European *péy-tu-s ~ *pi-téw-s (proterokinetic tu-stem) (whence Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “nutrition”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬎 (pitu, “food”)), from *pey- (“food, nutrition”) + *-tus. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *piťa, Lithuanian piẽtūs (“dinner”, pl.), Boeotian Greek πιτεύω (piteúō, “to irrigate, to water (cattle)”).


kawaros

kawaros (masculine nominative singular stem)
kawarou (dual masculine nominative stem)
kawaroi (masculine nominative plural stem)
kaware (masculine singular stem vocative)
kawarou (dual masculine stem vocative)
kawarūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
kawarom (accusative masculine singular stem)
kawarou (accusative dual masculine stem)
kawaroms (accusative masculine plural stem)
kawarī (genitive masculine singular stem)
kawarous (dual genitive masculine stem)
kawarom (genitive masculine plural stem)
kawarūi (dative masculine singular stem)
kawarobom (dative dual masculine stem)
kawarobos (dative masculine plural stem)
kawarei (locative masculine singular stem)
kawarū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
kawarobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
kawarūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Old Cornish: caurmarch

Middle Welsh: cawr

Welsh: cawr

Old Irish: cuar, caur

Irish: curadh

Scottish Gaelic: curadh

Gaulish: Kauaros

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“strong”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios).


tigernākos

tigernākos (nominative singular)
tigernākou (dual nominative)
tigernākoi (nominative plural)
tigernāke (singular vocative)
tigernākou (dual vocative)
tigernākoi (plural vocative)
tigernākom (accusative singular)
tigernākou (accusative dual)
tigernākoms (accusative plural)
tigernākī (genitive singular)
tigernākous (dual genitive)
tigernākom (genitive plural)
tigernākūi (dative singular)
tigernākobom (dative dual)
tigernākobos (dative plural)
tigernākū (instrumental singular)
tigernākobim (dual instrumental)
tigernākobis (instrumental plural)
tigernākā (nominative singular)
tigernākai (dual nominative)
tigernākās (nominative plural)
tigernākā (singular vocative)
tigernākai (dual vocative)
tigernākās (plural vocative)
tigernākam (accusative singular)
tigernākai (accusative dual)
tigernākams (accusative plural)
tigernākās (genitive singular)
tigernākai (dative singular)
tigernākābom (dative dual)
tigernākābos (dative plural)
tigernākābim (dual instrumental)
tigernākābis (instrumental plural)
tigernākom (nominative singular)
tigernākā (nominative plural)
tigernākom (singular vocative)
tigernākā (plural vocative)
tigernākā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *tɨɣernọg
Old Breton: *tiarnoc
Welsh: teyrnog

Old Irish: tigernach

Gaulish: *tigernākos

→ Latin: Tigernacus


toranos

toranos (masculine nominative singular stem)
toranou (dual masculine nominative stem)
toranoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
torane (masculine singular stem vocative)
toranou (dual masculine stem vocative)
toranūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
toranom (accusative masculine singular stem)
toranou (accusative dual masculine stem)
toranoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
toranī (genitive masculine singular stem)
toranous (dual genitive masculine stem)
toranom (genitive masculine plural stem)
toranūi (dative masculine singular stem)
toranobom (dative dual masculine stem)
toranobos (dative masculine plural stem)
toranei (locative masculine singular stem)
toranū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
toranobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
toranūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *taran

Old Breton: taran

Breton: taran

Old Cornish: taran

Cornish: taran

Middle Welsh: taran

Welsh: taran

Old Irish: torann

Irish: torann

Scottish Gaelic: torrunn

⇒ Middle Irish: toirnech

Irish: toirneach

Gaulish: *taranus, Taranis

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þunraz (“thunder”), Latin tonō (“to thunder”), Persian تندر (tondar, “thunder”), and Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”).


wisus

wisus (nominative singular)
wisū (dual nominative)
wisowes (nominative plural)
wisu (singular vocative)
wisū (dual vocative)
wisūs (plural vocative)
wisum (accusative singular)
wisū (accusative dual)
wisums (accusative plural)
wisous (genitive singular)
wisous (dual genitive)
wisowom (genitive plural)
wisou (dative singular)
wisubom (dative dual)
wisubos (dative plural)
wisū (instrumental singular)
wisubim (dual instrumental)
wisubis (instrumental plural)

desc

Welsh: gwlydd (“haulm, chickwedd; weeds”)

Middle Irish: fí

Gaulish: *wisus

⇒ Gaulish: *wisumāros (“clover”)

→ Latin: visumarus

From Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“fluidity, slime, poison”).


winkʷos

winkʷos (nominative singular)
winkʷou (dual nominative)
winkʷoi (nominative plural)
winkʷe (singular vocative)
winkʷou (dual vocative)
winkʷoi (plural vocative)
winkʷom (accusative singular)
winkʷou (accusative dual)
winkʷoms (accusative plural)
winkʷī (genitive singular)
winkʷous (dual genitive)
winkʷom (genitive plural)
winkūi (dative singular)
winkʷobom (dative dual)
winkʷobos (dative plural)
winkū (instrumental singular)
winkʷobim (dual instrumental)
winkʷobis (instrumental plural)
winkʷā (nominative singular)
winkʷai (dual nominative)
winkʷās (nominative plural)
winkʷā (singular vocative)
winkʷai (dual vocative)
winkʷās (plural vocative)
winkʷam (accusative singular)
winkʷai (accusative dual)
winkʷams (accusative plural)
winkʷās (genitive singular)
winkʷai (dative singular)
winkʷābom (dative dual)
winkʷābos (dative plural)
winkʷābim (dual instrumental)
winkʷābis (instrumental plural)
winkʷom (nominative singular)
winkʷā (nominative plural)
winkʷom (singular vocative)
winkʷā (plural vocative)
winkʷā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: gwemp

Middle Welsh: gwymp

Gaulish: *uimpos

Gaulish: uimpi

Unknown. Posssibly from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to desire”).


yextis

yextis (nominative singular)
yextī (dual nominative)
yextīs (nominative plural)
yexti (singular vocative)
yextī (dual vocative)
yextīs (plural vocative)
yextim (accusative singular)
yextī (accusative dual)
yextims (accusative plural)
yexteis (genitive singular)
yextyow (dual genitive)
yextyom (genitive plural)
yextei (dative singular)
yextibom (dative dual)
yextibos (dative plural)
yextei (locative singular)
yextī (instrumental singular)
yextibim (dual instrumental)
yextibis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *jeiθ
Breton: yezh
Cornish: yeth
Middle Welsh: ieith
Welsh: iaith

Old Irish: icht (“race, people, tribe”)

From Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to say”).


galnati

galnami (active first-person present singular)
galnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
giglāsū (active first-person future singular)
galnasi (active present second-person singular)
galnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
giglāsesi (active future second-person singular)
galnati (active present singular third-person)
galnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
giglāseti (active future singular third-person)
galnamosi (active first-person plural present)
galnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
giglāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
galnatesi (active plural present second-person)
galnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
giglāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
galnanti (active plural present third-person)
galnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
giglāsonti (active future plural third-person)
galasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
galasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
galna (active imperative second-person singular)
galaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
galnatou (active imperative singular third-person)
galasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
galnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
galasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
galnate (active imperative plural second-person)
galasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
galnantou (active imperative plural third-person)
galnar (first-person passive present singular)
giglāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
galnatar (passive present second-person singular)
giglāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
galnator (passive present singular third-person)
giglāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
galnammor (first-person passive plural present)
giglāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
galnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
giglāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
galnantor (passive plural present third-person)
giglāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
galasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
galasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
galasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
galasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
galasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
galasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
glātos (nominative singular)
glātou (dual nominative)
glātoi (nominative plural)
glāte (singular vocative)
glātou (dual vocative)
glātoi (plural vocative)
glātom (accusative singular)
glātou (accusative dual)
glātoms (accusative plural)
glātī (genitive singular)
glātous (dual genitive)
glātom (genitive plural)
glātūi (dative singular)
glātobom (dative dual)
glātobos (dative plural)
glātū (instrumental singular)
glātobim (dual instrumental)
glātobis (instrumental plural)
glātā (nominative singular)
glātai (dual nominative)
glātās (nominative plural)
glātā (singular vocative)
glātai (dual vocative)
glātās (plural vocative)
glātam (accusative singular)
glātai (accusative dual)
glātams (accusative plural)
glātās (genitive singular)
glātai (dative singular)
glātābom (dative dual)
glātābos (dative plural)
glātābim (dual instrumental)
glātābis (instrumental plural)
glātom (nominative singular)
glātā (nominative plural)
glātom (singular vocative)
glātā (plural vocative)
glātā (accusative plural)

Middle Breton: gallout, guell

Breton: gallout

Cornish: gallos

Middle Welsh: gallu

Welsh: gallu, geill

From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“able, powerful”). Akin to Lithuanian galėti (“to be able”), Proto-Slavic *golěmъ (“powerful”).


koxsā

koxsā (nominative singular)
koxsai (dual nominative)
koxsās (nominative plural)
koxsā (singular vocative)
koxsai (dual vocative)
koxsās (plural vocative)
koxsam (accusative singular)
koxsai (accusative dual)
koxsāms (accusative plural)
koxsās (genitive singular)
koxsous (dual genitive)
koxsom (genitive plural)
koxsāi (dative singular)
koxsābom (dative dual)
koxsābos (dative plural)
koxsai (locative singular)
koxsābim (dual instrumental)
koxsābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *koɨs
Middle Welsh: coes
Welsh: coes

Old Irish: cos
Irish: cos
Manx: cass
Scottish Gaelic: cas

From Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-. Cognate with Latin coxa (“hip”), Old High German hahsa (“back of the knee”), and Sanskrit कक्ष (kákṣa, “armpit”).


kassos

kassos (nominative singular)
kassou (dual nominative)
kassoi (nominative plural)
kasse (singular vocative)
kassou (dual vocative)
kassoi (plural vocative)
kassom (accusative singular)
kassou (accusative dual)
kassoms (accusative plural)
kassī (genitive singular)
kassous (dual genitive)
kassom (genitive plural)
kassūi (dative singular)
kassobom (dative dual)
kassobos (dative plural)
kassū (instrumental singular)
kassobim (dual instrumental)
kassobis (instrumental plural)
kassā (nominative singular)
kassai (dual nominative)
kassās (nominative plural)
kassā (singular vocative)
kassai (dual vocative)
kassās (plural vocative)
kassam (accusative singular)
kassai (accusative dual)
kassams (accusative plural)
kassās (genitive singular)
kassai (dative singular)
kassābom (dative dual)
kassābos (dative plural)
kassābim (dual instrumental)
kassābis (instrumental plural)
kassom (nominative singular)
kassā (nominative plural)
kassom (singular vocative)
kassā (plural vocative)
kassā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: cass

Irish: cas

Gaulish: *kassos

⇒ Gaulish: kassanos

Uncertain, as Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb”) would yield an expected *ksto; perhaps through an intermediary *kasto-.


brixtā

brixtā (nominative singular)
brixtai (dual nominative)
brixtās (nominative plural)
brixtā (singular vocative)
brixtai (dual vocative)
brixtās (plural vocative)
brixtam (accusative singular)
brixtai (accusative dual)
brixtāms (accusative plural)
brixtās (genitive singular)
brixtous (dual genitive)
brixtom (genitive plural)
brixtāi (dative singular)
brixtābom (dative dual)
brixtābos (dative plural)
brixtai (locative singular)
brixtābim (dual instrumental)
brixtābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *briθ
Old Breton: brith
Middle Welsh: brythron (“magic wand”), lledfrith (“delusion, illusion”) (in compounds)
Welsh: lledrith

Old Irish: bricht
Middle Irish: bricht
Irish: briocht

Gaulish: brixtia

Celtiberian: *bruxtia

→ Spanish: bruja

→ Galician: bruxa

→ Portuguese: bruxa

→ Catalan: bruixa

→ Occitan: bruèissa

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“enlighten”); compare Proto-Celtic *berxtos (“beautiful, bright”).


loutus

loutus (nominative singular)
loutū (dual nominative)
loutowes (nominative plural)
loutu (singular vocative)
loutū (dual vocative)
loutūs (plural vocative)
loutum (accusative singular)
loutū (accusative dual)
loutums (accusative plural)
loutous (genitive singular)
loutous (dual genitive)
loutowom (genitive plural)
loutou (dative singular)
loutubom (dative dual)
loutubos (dative plural)
loutū (instrumental singular)
loutubim (dual instrumental)
loutubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: ludu

Cornish: lusow

Middle Welsh: lludw, lludu

Welsh: lludw

desctree

Middle Irish: lúaith
Irish: luaith
Manx: leoie
Scottish Gaelic: luath²

* Pokorny suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”); see also *lowatrom (“bath”).
* Or, possibly related to *lutā (“dirt, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt”) (Ancient Greek λῦμα (lûma, “dirt”), Latin lutum (“mud”)).
* Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā, “meteor, firebrand, torch”).


wernā

wernā (nominative singular)
wernai (dual nominative)
wernās (nominative plural)
wernā (singular vocative)
wernai (dual vocative)
wernās (plural vocative)
wernam (accusative singular)
wernai (accusative dual)
wernāms (accusative plural)
wernās (genitive singular)
wernous (dual genitive)
wernom (genitive plural)
wernāi (dative singular)
wernābom (dative dual)
wernābos (dative plural)
wernai (locative singular)
wernābim (dual instrumental)
wernābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: fern
Irish: fearn
⇒ Irish: fearnóg
Manx: farney
Scottish Gaelic: feàrna

Proto-Brythonic: *gwern

Welsh: gwern, gwernen (“alder”)

Old Breton: guaern

Middle Breton: guern

Breton: gwern (“alder”)

Old Cornish: guern, guernen

Cornish: gwern

Gaulish: *wernā

→ Latin: verna, vernum

Catalan: vern, verna

French: vergne, verne

Ligurian: verna

Occitan: verna

Piedmontese: verna

Proto-Albanian: *werna

Albanian: verr

From Proto-Indo-European *wern- (“alder”).


dīwedom

dīwedom (nominative singular)
dīwedou (dual nominative)
dīwedā (nominative plural)
dīwedom (singular vocative)
dīwedou (dual vocative)
dīwedā (plural vocative)
dīwedom (accusative singular)
dīwedou (accusative dual)
dīwedā (accusative plural)
dīwedī (genitive singular)
dīwedous (dual genitive)
dīwedom (genitive plural)
dīwedūi (dative singular)
dīwedobom (dative dual)
dīwedobos (dative plural)
dīwedei (locative singular)
dīwedū (instrumental singular)
dīwedobim (dual instrumental)
dīwedūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *diweð

Old Breton: diued

Middle Breton: divez

Breton: diwezh

Cornish: diwedh

Old Welsh: diued

Middle Welsh: diued, diwet

Welsh: diwedd

Old Irish: dead

From *dīwedeti (“to stop”), with the suffix *-om.


dīwedeti

dīwedū (active first-person present singular)
dīwedemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
dīwedesi (active present second-person singular)
dīwedetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
dīwedeti (active present singular third-person)
dīwedeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
dīwedomosi (active first-person plural present)
dīwedemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
dīwedetesi (active plural present second-person)
dīwedestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
dīwedonti (active plural present third-person)
dīwedento (active imperfect plural third-person)
dīwede (active imperative second-person singular)
dīwedetou (active imperative singular third-person)
dīwedomos (active first-person imperative plural)
dīwedete (active imperative plural second-person)
dīwedontou (active imperative plural third-person)
dīwedūr (first-person passive present singular)
dīwedetar (passive present second-person singular)
dīwedetor (passive present singular third-person)
dīwedommor (first-person passive plural present)
dīwededwe (passive plural present second-person)
dīwedontor (passive plural present third-person)

Proto-Brythonic: *diweðɨd

Middle Welsh: dywedd

Welsh: diweddu

desc

3rd person singular <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ro-</i>form

Old Irish: do·ruid (3rd person singular ro-form)


swantos

swantos (masculine nominative singular stem)
swantou (dual masculine nominative stem)
swantoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
swante (masculine singular stem vocative)
swantou (dual masculine stem vocative)
swantūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
swantom (accusative masculine singular stem)
swantou (accusative dual masculine stem)
swantoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
swantī (genitive masculine singular stem)
swantous (dual genitive masculine stem)
swantom (genitive masculine plural stem)
swantūi (dative masculine singular stem)
swantobom (dative dual masculine stem)
swantobos (dative masculine plural stem)
swantei (locative masculine singular stem)
swantū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
swantobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
swantūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *hwant (“desire”)

Breton: c'hoant

Cornish: hwans

Middle Welsh: chwant

Welsh: chwant

→? Old Irish: sant (“desire, avarice”)

Irish: saint

Manx: saynt

Scottish Gaelic: sannt

desctree

Old Irish: sét (“object of value”)
Irish: seoid, séad
Scottish Gaelic: seud

The etymology is uncertain.
* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”), making it cognate with *su- (“good”), though the phonetic development is uncertain.
* From Proto-Indo-European *swentos (“strong, vigorous, active, healthy”), though there is a difference in semantics.
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), source of Ancient Greek οὐσία (ousía, “one's property, substance”).Ériu; the Journal of the School of Irish Learning, Dublin, Volumes 11-12, p. 131


mezgos

mezgos (masculine nominative singular stem)
mezgou (dual masculine nominative stem)
mezgoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
mezge (masculine singular stem vocative)
mezgou (dual masculine stem vocative)
mezgūs (masculine plural stem vocative)
mezgom (accusative masculine singular stem)
mezgou (accusative dual masculine stem)
mezgoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
mezgī (genitive masculine singular stem)
mezgous (dual genitive masculine stem)
mezgom (genitive masculine plural stem)
mezgūi (dative masculine singular stem)
mezgobom (dative dual masculine stem)
mezgobos (dative masculine plural stem)
mezgei (locative masculine singular stem)
mezgū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
mezgobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
mezgūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *meið
Old Breton: meid
Cornish: meith
Welsh: maidd

Old Irish: medc, medg
Irish: meadhg
Scottish Gaelic: mèag

Gaulish: *mesgos

→ Latin: mesgus

Old French: mesgue

French: mègue, mêgue

Unknown; claimed to be from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos (“marrow”),, though this seems semantically difficult. A connection to Old Norse mysa (“whey”), Sanskrit आमिक्षा (āmikṣā, “cottage cheese, cream”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”) also seems unlikely.


lindom

lindom (nominative singular)
lindou (dual nominative)
lindā (nominative plural)
lindom (singular vocative)
lindou (dual vocative)
lindā (plural vocative)
lindom (accusative singular)
lindou (accusative dual)
lindā (accusative plural)
lindī (genitive singular)
lindous (dual genitive)
lindom (genitive plural)
lindūi (dative singular)
lindobom (dative dual)
lindobos (dative plural)
lindei (locative singular)
lindū (instrumental singular)
lindobim (dual instrumental)
lindūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *llɨnn

Old Breton: lin (“lake”)

Middle Breton: lenn (“pool”)

Old Cornish: gre-lin (“lake”)

desc

Middle Welsh: llynn (“lake, drink”), llyn

Welsh: llyn

Old Irish: lind (“liquid, drink, ale”)

Scottish Gaelic: linne, leann, lionn

Gaulish: lindon

Gaulish: *Lindiakon

→ Latin: Lindiacum (“Lintgen”)

Compare *liyeti (“flow”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *liH-nd-o-, but that would result in *līndom with a long ī.

→ Ancient Greek: Λίνδον

→ Latin: Lindum (“Lindum Colonia, Lincoln”)


liyeti

liyū (active first-person present singular)
liyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
liyesi (active present second-person singular)
liyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
liyeti (active present singular third-person)
liyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
liyomosi (active first-person plural present)
liyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
liyetesi (active plural present second-person)
liyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
liyonti (active plural present third-person)
liyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
liye (active imperative second-person singular)
liyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
liyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
liyete (active imperative plural second-person)
liyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
liyūr (first-person passive present singular)
liyetar (passive present second-person singular)
liyetor (passive present singular third-person)
liyommor (first-person passive plural present)
liyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
liyontor (passive plural present third-person)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: dilydd (<< *dī-exs-liyeti)

From Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to flow”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).


liyeti

Old Irish: liid, lithae (“accuses”)

cog

Celtiberian: *litom (?) (however compare Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave”))

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyH- (“to accuse”). Cognate with Latin līs (“lawsuit, action”).


merkā

merkā (nominative singular)
merkai (dual nominative)
merkās (nominative plural)
merkā (singular vocative)
merkai (dual vocative)
merkās (plural vocative)
merkam (accusative singular)
merkai (accusative dual)
merkāms (accusative plural)
merkās (genitive singular)
merkous (dual genitive)
merkom (genitive plural)
merkāi (dative singular)
merkābom (dative dual)
merkābos (dative plural)
merkai (locative singular)
merkābim (dual instrumental)
merkābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *merx

Breton: merc'h

Cornish: myrgh

Welsh: merch

From Proto-Indo-European *merkeh₂ (“girl”), from *mer- (“boy, girl”). Compare Scottish Gaelic smarach (“lad”), Latin marītus (“husband”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “girl”), Old Armenian մարի (mari, “hen”)), Sanskrit मर्य (marya, “young man, suitor”), Lithuanian mergà (“girl”).


ligeti

ligū (active first-person present singular)
ligemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
lilixsū (active first-person future singular)
liloiga (active first-person preterite singular)
ligesi (active present second-person singular)
ligetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
lilixsesi (active future second-person singular)
liloigas? (active preterite second-person singular)
ligeti (active present singular third-person)
ligeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
lilixseti (active future singular third-person)
liloige (active preterite singular third-person)
ligomosi (active first-person plural present)
ligemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
lilixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
liloigmo (active first-person plural preterite)
ligetesi (active plural present second-person)
ligestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
lilixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
liloixte (active plural preterite second-person)
ligonti (active plural present third-person)
ligento (active imperfect plural third-person)
lilixsonti (active future plural third-person)
liloigars (active plural preterite third-person)
leixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
leixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lige (active imperative second-person singular)
leixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ligetou (active imperative singular third-person)
leixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ligomos (active first-person imperative plural)
leixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ligete (active imperative plural second-person)
leixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ligontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ligūr (first-person passive present singular)
lilixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
ligetar (passive present second-person singular)
lilixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
ligetor (passive present singular third-person)
lilixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
ligommor (first-person passive plural present)
lilixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
ligedwe (passive plural present second-person)
lilixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
ligontor (passive plural present third-person)
lilixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
leixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
leixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
leixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
leixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
leixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
leixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lixtos (nominative singular)
lixtou (dual nominative)
lixtoi (nominative plural)
lixte (singular vocative)
lixtou (dual vocative)
lixtoi (plural vocative)
lixtom (accusative singular)
lixtou (accusative dual)
lixtoms (accusative plural)
lixtī (genitive singular)
lixtous (dual genitive)
lixtom (genitive plural)
lixtūi (dative singular)
lixtobom (dative dual)
lixtobos (dative plural)
lixtū (instrumental singular)
lixtobim (dual instrumental)
lixtobis (instrumental plural)
lixtā (nominative singular)
lixtai (dual nominative)
lixtās (nominative plural)
lixtā (singular vocative)
lixtai (dual vocative)
lixtās (plural vocative)
lixtam (accusative singular)
lixtai (accusative dual)
lixtams (accusative plural)
lixtās (genitive singular)
lixtai (dative singular)
lixtābom (dative dual)
lixtābos (dative plural)
lixtābim (dual instrumental)
lixtābis (instrumental plural)
lixtom (nominative singular)
lixtā (nominative plural)
lixtom (singular vocative)
lixtā (plural vocative)
lixtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *lliɣɨd

Middle Breton: leat

Breton: lead

Middle Welsh: llyu

Welsh: llyfu

desctree

Old Irish: ligid
Irish: ligh
Scottish Gaelic: ligh


orgeti

orgū (active first-person present singular)
orgemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
iorxsū (active first-person future singular)
orgam (active first-person preterite singular)
orgesi (active present second-person singular)
orgetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
iorxsesi (active future second-person singular)
orxs (active preterite second-person singular)
orgeti (active present singular third-person)
orgeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
iorxseti (active future singular third-person)
orxt (active preterite singular third-person)
orgomosi (active first-person plural present)
orgemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
iorxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
orgme (active first-person plural preterite)
orgetesi (active plural present second-person)
orgestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
iorxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
orxte (active plural preterite second-person)
orgonti (active plural present third-person)
orgento (active imperfect plural third-person)
iorxsonti (active future plural third-person)
organt (active plural preterite third-person)
orxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
orxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
orge (active imperative second-person singular)
orxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
orgetou (active imperative singular third-person)
orxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
orgomos (active first-person imperative plural)
orxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
orgete (active imperative plural second-person)
orxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
orgontou (active imperative plural third-person)
orgūr (first-person passive present singular)
iorxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
orgetar (passive present second-person singular)
iorxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
orgetor (passive present singular third-person)
iorxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
orgommor (first-person passive plural present)
iorxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
orgedwe (passive plural present second-person)
iorxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
orgontor (passive plural present third-person)
iorxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
orxsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
orxsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
orxsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
orxsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
orxsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
orxsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
orxtos (nominative singular)
orxtou (dual nominative)
orxtoi (nominative plural)
orxte (singular vocative)
orxtou (dual vocative)
orxtoi (plural vocative)
orxtom (accusative singular)
orxtou (accusative dual)
orxtoms (accusative plural)
orxtī (genitive singular)
orxtous (dual genitive)
orxtom (genitive plural)
orxtūi (dative singular)
orxtobom (dative dual)
orxtobos (dative plural)
orxtū (instrumental singular)
orxtobim (dual instrumental)
orxtobis (instrumental plural)
orxtā (nominative singular)
orxtai (dual nominative)
orxtās (nominative plural)
orxtā (singular vocative)
orxtai (dual vocative)
orxtās (plural vocative)
orxtam (accusative singular)
orxtai (accusative dual)
orxtams (accusative plural)
orxtās (genitive singular)
orxtai (dative singular)
orxtābom (dative dual)
orxtābos (dative plural)
orxtābim (dual instrumental)
orxtābis (instrumental plural)
orxtom (nominative singular)
orxtā (nominative plural)
orxtom (singular vocative)
orxtā (plural vocative)
orxtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Old Breton: treorgam

Middle Welsh: yny-orth

Welsh: orn

Old Irish: orcaid, orgaid, orggaid
Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
Irish: arg

Gaulish: orge (“kill”, imperative)

Gaulish: *orgetos (deverbal)

⇒ Gaulish: *Orgetorix

→ Latin: Orgetorix

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (“perish”), see also Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /ḫarkzi/) and Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “strike”).


lanxsman

lanxsman (nominative singular)
lanxsmane? (dual nominative)
lanxsmana (nominative plural)
lanxsman (singular vocative)
lanxsmane? (dual vocative)
lanxsmana (plural vocative)
lanxsman (accusative singular)
lanxsmane? (accusative dual)
lanxsmana (accusative plural)
lanxsmens (genitive singular)
lanxsmenous? (dual genitive)
lanxsmenom (genitive plural)
lanxsmenē (dative singular)
lanxsmembom (dative dual)
lanxsmembos (dative plural)
lanxsmen (locative singular)
lanxsmeni (locative singular)
lanxsmenē (instrumental singular)
lanxsmembim (dual instrumental)
lanxsmembis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: lam

Breton: lamm

Cornish: lam

Middle Welsh: llam (“jump”)

desctree

Old Irish: léimm
Irish: léim
Manx: lheim
Scottish Gaelic: leum

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”). However, it could instead be akin to Proto-Slavic *plęsati (“to dance”); see Old Irish lingid (“to jump”).
Contains the suffix *-sman.


ɸlengeti

ɸlengū (active first-person present singular)
ɸlengemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸiblanxsū (active first-person future singular)
ɸleblonga (active first-person preterite singular)
ɸlengesi (active present second-person singular)
ɸlengetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸiblanxsesi (active future second-person singular)
ɸleblongas? (active preterite second-person singular)
ɸlengeti (active present singular third-person)
ɸlengeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸiblanxseti (active future singular third-person)
ɸleblonge (active preterite singular third-person)
ɸlengomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸlengemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸiblanxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
ɸleblongmo (active first-person plural preterite)
ɸlengetesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸlengestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸiblanxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
ɸleblonxte (active plural preterite second-person)
ɸlengonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸlengento (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸiblanxsonti (active future plural third-person)
ɸleblongars (active plural preterite third-person)
ɸlenxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ɸlenxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸlenge (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸlenxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸlengetou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸlenxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ɸlengomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸlenxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸlengete (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸlenxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸlengontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸlengūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸiblanxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
ɸlengetar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸiblanxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
ɸlengetor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸiblanxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
ɸlengommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸiblanxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
ɸlengedwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸiblanxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
ɸlengontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸiblanxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
ɸlenxsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ɸlenxsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸlenxsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸlenxsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ɸlenxsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸlenxsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸlanxtos (nominative singular)
ɸlanxtou (dual nominative)
ɸlanxtoi (nominative plural)
ɸlanxte (singular vocative)
ɸlanxtou (dual vocative)
ɸlanxtoi (plural vocative)
ɸlanxtom (accusative singular)
ɸlanxtou (accusative dual)
ɸlanxtoms (accusative plural)
ɸlanxtī (genitive singular)
ɸlanxtous (dual genitive)
ɸlanxtom (genitive plural)
ɸlanxtūi (dative singular)
ɸlanxtobom (dative dual)
ɸlanxtobos (dative plural)
ɸlanxtū (instrumental singular)
ɸlanxtobim (dual instrumental)
ɸlanxtobis (instrumental plural)
ɸlanxtā (nominative singular)
ɸlanxtai (dual nominative)
ɸlanxtās (nominative plural)
ɸlanxtā (singular vocative)
ɸlanxtai (dual vocative)
ɸlanxtās (plural vocative)
ɸlanxtam (accusative singular)
ɸlanxtai (accusative dual)
ɸlanxtams (accusative plural)
ɸlanxtās (genitive singular)
ɸlanxtai (dative singular)
ɸlanxtābom (dative dual)
ɸlanxtābos (dative plural)
ɸlanxtābim (dual instrumental)
ɸlanxtābis (instrumental plural)
ɸlanxtom (nominative singular)
ɸlanxtā (nominative plural)
ɸlanxtom (singular vocative)
ɸlanxtā (plural vocative)
ɸlanxtā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: lingid

Gaulish: *lingeti

Gaulish: *Lingones

→ Latin: Lingones

French: Langres

A conflation of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”) and another verb with initial *ɸ derived from the root of Proto-Germanic *springaną. See the Proto-Germanic entry for further etymology.


awelā

awelā (nominative singular)
awelai (dual nominative)
awelās (nominative plural)
awelā (singular vocative)
awelai (dual vocative)
awelās (plural vocative)
awelam (accusative singular)
awelai (accusative dual)
awelāms (accusative plural)
awelās (genitive singular)
awelous (dual genitive)
awelom (genitive plural)
awelāi (dative singular)
awelābom (dative dual)
awelābos (dative plural)
awelai (locative singular)
awelābim (dual instrumental)
awelābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *awel

Old Breton: avelou

Middle Breton: avel, auel (“wind”)

Breton: awel

Old Cornish: auhel

Middle Welsh: awel

Welsh: awel

Gallaecian: *awilā

⇒ Gallaecian: *Awilyobris

→ Latin: Aviliobris

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₁eleh₂, from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).


dawnā

dawnā (nominative singular)
dawnai (dual nominative)
dawnās (nominative plural)
dawnā (singular vocative)
dawnai (dual vocative)
dawnās (plural vocative)
dawnam (accusative singular)
dawnai (accusative dual)
dawnāms (accusative plural)
dawnās (genitive singular)
dawnous (dual genitive)
dawnom (genitive plural)
dawnāi (dative singular)
dawnābom (dative dual)
dawnābos (dative plural)
dawnai (locative singular)
dawnābim (dual instrumental)
dawnābis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: dúan (“song, melody”)

Irish: duan

Scottish Gaelic: duan (“poem”)

From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to sacrifice, offer”), or less probably *dʰewgʰ- (“to produce”).


lutā

lutā (nominative singular)
lutai (dual nominative)
lutās (nominative plural)
lutā (singular vocative)
lutai (dual vocative)
lutās (plural vocative)
lutam (accusative singular)
lutai (accusative dual)
lutāms (accusative plural)
lutās (genitive singular)
lutous (dual genitive)
lutom (genitive plural)
lutāi (dative singular)
lutābom (dative dual)
lutābos (dative plural)
lutai (locative singular)
lutābim (dual instrumental)
lutābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: loth (“mire, mud”)

Gaulish: *lutos

desc

⇒ Gaulish: *Lutomagos, *Lutetia, *Luteva

→ Latin: Lutomagus, Lutetia

Celtiberian: *lutā

⇒ Celtiberian: *Lutiā

⇒ Celtiberian: lutiakos (“belonging to Lutia”) (possibly)

From Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt, mud”). Cognate with Latin lutum (“dirt, filth”), Ancient Greek λῦμα (lûma, “dirt, filth”) and Albanian lym (“mud”).


tausos

tawsos (nominative singular)
tawsou (dual nominative)
tawsoi (nominative plural)
tawse (singular vocative)
tawsou (dual vocative)
tawsoi (plural vocative)
tawsom (accusative singular)
tawsou (accusative dual)
tawsoms (accusative plural)
tawsī (genitive singular)
tawsous (dual genitive)
tawsom (genitive plural)
tawsūi (dative singular)
tawsobom (dative dual)
tawsobos (dative plural)
tawsū (instrumental singular)
tawsobim (dual instrumental)
tawsobis (instrumental plural)
tawsā (nominative singular)
tawsai (dual nominative)
tawsās (nominative plural)
tawsā (singular vocative)
tawsai (dual vocative)
tawsās (plural vocative)
tawsam (accusative singular)
tawsai (accusative dual)
tawsams (accusative plural)
tawsās (genitive singular)
tawsai (dative singular)
tawsābom (dative dual)
tawsābos (dative plural)
tawsābim (dual instrumental)
tawsābis (instrumental plural)
tawsom (nominative singular)
tawsā (nominative plural)
tawsom (singular vocative)
tawsā (plural vocative)
tawsā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: taw (“silence”)

Welsh: taw

Middle Breton: tao (“silence”)

Breton: taw

Cornish: taw

desctree

Old Irish: tóe, tó, túae
Middle Irish: tóe
⇒ Middle Irish: toíthenach
Irish: taoitheanach

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ws- (“to be quiet, be still”).


uɸolautom

uɸolautom (nominative singular)
uɸolautou (dual nominative)
uɸolautā (nominative plural)
uɸolautom (singular vocative)
uɸolautou (dual vocative)
uɸolautā (plural vocative)
uɸolautom (accusative singular)
uɸolautou (accusative dual)
uɸolautā (accusative plural)
uɸolautī (genitive singular)
uɸolautous (dual genitive)
uɸolautom (genitive plural)
uɸolautūi (dative singular)
uɸolautobom (dative dual)
uɸolautobos (dative plural)
uɸolautei (locative singular)
uɸolautū (instrumental singular)
uɸolautobim (dual instrumental)
uɸolautūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gwolʉd
Middle Welsh: golud
Welsh: golud

Old Irish: folud

Irish: fala (“grudge”)

From *uɸo- + *lautom, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂u-tó-m, from *leh₂w- (“benefit, prize”) + *-tóm. Related to Old Irish lóg, lúag (“prize”).


tausyeti

tawsyū (active first-person present singular)
tawsyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tawsyesi (active present second-person singular)
tawsyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tawsyeti (active present singular third-person)
tawsyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
tawsyomosi (active first-person plural present)
tawsyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tawsyetesi (active plural present second-person)
tawsyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
tawsyonti (active plural present third-person)
tawsyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
tawsye (active imperative second-person singular)
tawsyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
tawsyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tawsyete (active imperative plural second-person)
tawsyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tawsyūr (first-person passive present singular)
tawsyetar (passive present second-person singular)
tawsyetor (passive present singular third-person)
tawsyommor (first-person passive plural present)
tawsyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
tawsyontor (passive plural present third-person)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: tewi, tawaf

Welsh: tewi

Middle Breton: teuell

Breton: tewel

Cornish: tewel

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ws- (“to be quiet, be still”), see also Danish tyst (“quiet”), Old Prussian tusnan (“still”) and Luwian 𒌅𒄷𒅆𒀀𒄿 (tuḫušiya-, “to await, to wait and see”).