See -ʊda in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "rw",
"word": "-ōra"
}
],
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"lang_code": "bnt-glb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
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"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
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{
"lang": ")",
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"Upper"
],
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-uya"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"raw_tags": [
"Lower"
],
"word": "-oya"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
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"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
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"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dug",
"word": "-ula"
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{
"lang": ")",
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"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ula"
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{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-oa"
}
],
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"word": "*-ula/*-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Northeast Coast Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-ncb"
}
],
"lang": "Northeast Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-bne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "bem",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Sabi",
"lang_code": "bnt-sbi"
},
{
"lang": "Nyasa",
"lang_code": "mgs"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nguni",
"lang_code": "bnt-ngu"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-bso"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ʊda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-ʊda",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Bantu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "-còma (“to pierce, to insert, to poke in”) + *-ʊda → *-còmʊda (“to pull out”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for forming the transitive conversive form of verbs; reverses the meaning of the verb"
],
"id": "en--ʊda-bnt-pro-suffix-iKML4tvy",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ʊka"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ʊda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "rw",
"word": "-ōra"
}
],
"lang": "Great Lakes Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-glb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"raw_tags": [
"Upper"
],
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-uya"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"raw_tags": [
"Lower"
],
"word": "-oya"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "coh",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "coh",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dug",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dug",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ula"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-ua"
},
{
"lang": ")",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-oa"
}
],
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"word": "*-ula/*-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Northeast Coast Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-ncb"
}
],
"lang": "Northeast Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-bne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "bem",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Sabi",
"lang_code": "bnt-sbi"
},
{
"lang": "Nyasa",
"lang_code": "mgs"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nguni",
"lang_code": "bnt-ngu"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-bso"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ʊda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Bantu",
"lang_code": "bnt-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-ʊda",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ʊka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Bantu entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Bantu lemmas",
"Proto-Bantu suffixes",
"Proto-Bantu verb-forming suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "-còma (“to pierce, to insert, to poke in”) + *-ʊda → *-còmʊda (“to pull out”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for forming the transitive conversive form of verbs; reverses the meaning of the verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ʊda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ʊda meaning in Proto-Bantu (2.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Bantu dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.