"taptéi" meaning in Proto-Balto-Slavic

See taptéi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Unclear: * Stang (1966): From Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect), originally implying “to stay, to remain” → “to become”. * Svennson: From Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist) with inchoative meaning (probably “to get exerted, to be applied”). In either case, it is presumed that the present stem is innovated from the aorist. Further origin probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”) (per Mladenov, Zubatý), whence also Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”), Latvian tept (“to smear”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”), perhaps also Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”). Possibly also related to Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”), τοπάζω (topázō, “I strive towards; I think, I guess”) (alternatively derived from a pre-Greek substrate). Etymology templates: {{der|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro||*tetópe ~ *tetpḗr|pos=reduplicated perfect}} Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect), {{der|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro||*tópe|pos=middle root aorist}} Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist), {{der|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|*(s)tep-||to trample, to tread, to inflict}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”), {{cog|sla-pro|*tepti||to flog, to beat}} Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”), {{cog|lv|tept||to smear}} Latvian tept (“to smear”), {{cog|lt|tèpti||to smear}} Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”), {{cog|lt|tapýti||to sculpt}} Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”), {{cog|grc|τόπος||place, field}} Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”) Head templates: {{head|ine-bsl-pro|verb|cat2=|head=|sort=}} *taptéi
  1. (possibly originally) to get stuck, moulded Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-taptéi-ine-bsl-pro-verb-R8sOjzcq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 88 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 91 9 Disambiguation of Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 89 11
  2. to become Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-taptéi-ine-bsl-pro-verb-rV000xq8
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "word": "tapt"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "lang_code": "lt",
          "word": "tapti"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Baltic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*topiti"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "sense": "to submerge, to plunge",
          "word": "*topnǫti"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tetópe ~ *tetpḗr",
        "pos": "reduplicated perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tópe",
        "pos": "middle root aorist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)tep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to trample, to tread, to inflict"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tepti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to flog, to beat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "tept",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian tept (“to smear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tèpti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tapýti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sculpt"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τόπος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "place, field"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear:\n* Stang (1966): From Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect), originally implying “to stay, to remain” → “to become”.\n* Svennson: From Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist) with inchoative meaning (probably “to get exerted, to be applied”).\nIn either case, it is presumed that the present stem is innovated from the aorist.\nFurther origin probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”) (per Mladenov, Zubatý), whence also Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”), Latvian tept (“to smear”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”), perhaps also Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”). Possibly also related to Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”), τοπάζω (topázō, “I strive towards; I think, I guess”) (alternatively derived from a pre-Greek substrate).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*taptéi",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/taptéi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get stuck, moulded"
      ],
      "id": "en-taptéi-ine-bsl-pro-verb-R8sOjzcq",
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "stuck",
          "stuck"
        ],
        [
          "moulded",
          "moulded"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "possibly originally",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(possibly originally) to get stuck, moulded"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become"
      ],
      "id": "en-taptéi-ine-bsl-pro-verb-rV000xq8",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "taptéi"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Balto-Slavic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "word": "tapt"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "lang_code": "lt",
          "word": "tapti"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Baltic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*topiti"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "sense": "to submerge, to plunge",
          "word": "*topnǫti"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tetópe ~ *tetpḗr",
        "pos": "reduplicated perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tópe",
        "pos": "middle root aorist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)tep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to trample, to tread, to inflict"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tepti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to flog, to beat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "tept",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian tept (“to smear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tèpti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tapýti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sculpt"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τόπος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "place, field"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear:\n* Stang (1966): From Proto-Indo-European *tetópe ~ *tetpḗr (reduplicated perfect), originally implying “to stay, to remain” → “to become”.\n* Svennson: From Proto-Indo-European *tópe (middle root aorist) with inchoative meaning (probably “to get exerted, to be applied”).\nIn either case, it is presumed that the present stem is innovated from the aorist.\nFurther origin probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample, to tread, to inflict”) (per Mladenov, Zubatý), whence also Proto-Slavic *tepti (“to flog, to beat”), Latvian tept (“to smear”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear”), perhaps also Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”). Possibly also related to Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, field”), τοπάζω (topázō, “I strive towards; I think, I guess”) (alternatively derived from a pre-Greek substrate).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*taptéi",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/taptéi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to get stuck, moulded"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "stuck",
          "stuck"
        ],
        [
          "moulded",
          "moulded"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "possibly originally",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(possibly originally) to get stuck, moulded"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "taptéi"
}

Download raw JSONL data for taptéi meaning in Proto-Balto-Slavic (3.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Balto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.