𑀖𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">घुम्मइ</i>

ghummaï (romanization)
घुम्मइ (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Braj: घूमन (ghūman)

Hindustani: ghūmnā

Hindi: घूमना

desc

Urdu: گھومنا

Urdu: گھومنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ঘুমা (ghuma), ঘুমানো (ghumanü)

Bengali: ঘুমা (ghuma)

Maithili: ghumab

Devanagari script: घुमब

Tirhuta script: 𑒒𑒳𑒧𑒥

Odia: ଘୁମିବା (ghumibā)

Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠝꠣꠘꠤ (gúmani)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: [script needed] (ghumṇo)

Nepali: घुम्नु (ghumnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ghummṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਘੁੱਮਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: گھمݨا

Sindhi: ghumaṇu

Arabic script: گهُمَڻُ

Devanagari script: घुमणु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: घुमणे (ghumṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ઘૂમવું (ghūmvũ)

Marwari: घुमणौ (ghumṇau), घूमणौ (ghūmṇau)

Perhaps a variant of 𑀖𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀇 (ghuṇṇaï, “moves to and fro”), from Sanskrit घूर्णति (ghū́rṇati). Related to 𑀖𑀼𑀫𑀇 (ghumaï, “revolves”).


घुम्मइ

𑀖𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀇 𑀖𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀖𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀇 (“turns around”)


𑀔𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*खोल्लइ</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: खोलब (kholab)

Hindustani: kholnā, khulnā

desc

Hindi: खोलना, खुलना

Hindi: खोलना, खुलना

Urdu: کھولنا, کھلنا

Urdu: کھولنا, کھلنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: খোলা (khüla), খুল (khul)

Bengali: খোলা (khōla), খুলা (khula)

Maithili: खोलब (khōlab)

Odia: ଖୋଲିବା (kholibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: [script needed] (khoe, “releases”)

Nepali: खोल्नु (kholnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda:

Awāṇkārī: کھولݨ (kholuṇ)

Saraiki: کھولݨ (kholuṇ)

Punjabi: kholhṇā, khulhṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣਾ, ਖੁਲ੍ਹਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھولہݨا, کھلہݨا

Sindhi: [script needed] (kholaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: खोलणे (kholṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ખોલવું (kholvũ)

Marwari: [script needed] (kholṇo)

m+

Prakrit [script needed] (*khōla, “cavity, hollow”)


𑀛𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">झुल्लइ</i>

jhullaï (romanization)
झुल्लइ (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: jhūlnā

Hindi: झूलना

desc

Urdu: جھولنا

Urdu: جھولنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: জুলা (zula)

Bengali: ঝোলা (jhōla)

Maithili: jhulab

Devanagari script: झुलब

Tirhuta script: 𑒗𑒳𑒪𑒥

Odia: ଝୁଲିବା (jhulibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: झुल्नु (jhulnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: jhullaṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਝੁੱਲਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: جھلنا

Sindhi: jhūlaṇu

Arabic script: جهوُلَڻُ

Devanagari script: झूलणु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: झुलणे (jhulṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ઝૂલવું (jhūlvũ)

Marwari: झुलणौ (jhulṇau)

Uncertain. Perhaps from older *𑀛𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀬𑀢𑀺 (*jhulyati), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰulyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰulyáti, whence Classical Persian جُولِیدَن (jūlīdan, “to scatter”).


खेलइ

𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 (“plays”)


𑀔𑁂𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">खेड्डइ</i>

khĕḍḍaï (romanization)
खेड्डइ (Devanagari)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: کھیڈݨ (kheḍaṇ)

Punjabi: kheḍṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੇਡਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھیڈݨا

Sindhi: kheḍaṇu

Arabic script: کيڏَڻُ

Devanagari script: खेडणु

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ખેડો (kheḍo, “actor”)

𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇#Prakrit


𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">खेल्लइ</i>

khĕllaï (romanization)
खेल्लइ (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: khelnā

Hindi: खेलना

desc

Urdu: کھیلنا

Urdu: کھیلنا

Old Awadhi: खेल m (khela, “play”)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: খেলা (khela)

Bengali: খেলা (khela)

Maithili: खेलब (khēlab)

⇒ Odia: ଖେଲି (kheli, “sport”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: کھیڈݨ (kheḍaṇ)

Punjabi: khelnā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੇਲਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھیلݨا

Sindhi: [script needed] (khela)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ખેલવું (khelvũ)

𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇#Prakrit


𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चप्पइ</i>

cappaï (romanization)
चप्पइ (Devanagari)
𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: capnā

Hindi: चपना

Urdu: چپنا

⇒ Hindustani: capnī

Hindi: चपनी

Urdu: چپنی

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: চাপা (capa)

Assamese: [script needed] (sāpibā)

Odia: ଚାପିବା (cāpibā), ଚପିବା (capibā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi: cāpaṇu

Arabic script: چاپڻ

Devanagari script: चापणु

⇒ Punjabi: cappaṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਚੱਪਣ

Shahmukhi script: چپݨ

Northern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Nepali: च्याप्नु (cyāpnu), चेप्नु (cepnu), चपेट्नु (capeṭnu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘢𑘜𑘹 (cāpaṇe)

Marathi: चापणे (cāpṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

⇒ Gujarati: ચાપડો (cāpḍo, “clasp”)

Unknown. If not the source of Classical Sanskrit चप् (cap, “to knead”), चर्पट (carpaṭa, “lying flat, palm of hand”), चर्पटी (carpaṭī, “flatbread”), चपेट (capeṭa, “slap with open hands”), चर्वन् (carvan, “slap with open hands”), and चिपिट (cipiṭa), all these words are probably of the same substrate origin. Compare Pashto [script needed] (ċapaq), Ormuri [script needed] (čapâγ, “slap with open palm”), Tamil சப்பாணி (cappāṇi, “clapping”), and Telugu చప్పట (cappaṭa, “a slap”).
Perhaps connected with *𑀙𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chappaï, “presses, covers, hides”), *𑀙𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chippaï), *𑀙𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chuppaï), *𑀘𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀩 (*cibba, “flattened”), *𑀘𑀺𑀁𑀩𑀇 (*ciṃbaï, “blinks”), and *𑀚𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*jappaï, “squeezes, presses”).

cog

*𑀘𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇

is pressed; see there for further descendants


𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चंपइ</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: cā̃pnā

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Hindi: चाँपना

Hindi: चाँपना

Urdu: چانپنا

Urdu: چانپنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Maithili: चाँपब (cā̃pab)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ચાંપવું (cā̃pvũ)

𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇#Prakrit


चप्पइ

𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (“presses”)


चंपइ

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चंपइ (caṃpaï)

pra-head

चंपइ (caṃpaï)

pra-verb

चंपइ (caṃpaï)

𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇 𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇 (“presses”)


𑀘𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*चिप्पइ</i>

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: চিপা (cipa)

Odia: ଚିପିବା (cipibā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: चिपणे (cipṇe), चेपणे (cepṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ચીપવું (cīpvũ)

desc

→ Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit: चिप्यते (cipyate, “is crushed”), चिप्पितक (cippitaka, “crushed”)

Passive of 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (cappaï, “presses”). Related to Pali 𑀘𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀫𑀸𑀦 (cippiyamāna, “crushed flat”).


𑀙𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*छप्पइ</i>

pra-head

*𑀙𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chappaï) (Devanagari *छप्पइ) (transitive)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: chāpnā

Hindi: छापना

desc

Urdu: چھاپنا

Urdu: چھاپنا

Old Awadhi: छपइ (chapaï, “is pressed”), छापइ (chāpaï, “impresses”)

→ Punjabi: chāpṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਛਾਪਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: چھاپݨا

→ Sindhi: chāpaṇu

Arabic script: ڇاپَڻُ

Devanagari script: छापणु

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ছাপা (sapa)

Bengali: ছাপা (chapa)

Maithili: छपब (chapab)

Odia: ଛାପିବା (chāpibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: छाप (“seal, stamp”)

Nepali: छाप्नु (chāpnu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: છાપવું (chāpvũ)

Related to *𑀙𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chippaï), *𑀙𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chuppaï), and perhaps 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (cappaï, “presses”). Turner compares 𑀙𑀺𑀁𑀧𑀬 (chiṃpaya, “cloth-printer”) and a connection from *𑀙𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chuppaï) to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to hide”) is semantically plausible. A substrate borrowing is also likely on account of the variation of forms.


𑀙𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*छिप्पइ</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: chīpnā, chipnā, chupnā, chopnā

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Hindi: छीपना, छिपना, छुपना, छोपना

Hindi: छीपना, छिपना, छुपना, छोपना

Urdu: چھیپنا, چھپنا, چھپنا, چھوپنا

Urdu: چھیپنا, چھپنا, چھپنا, چھوپنا

Old Awadhi: छीपइ (chīpaï, “is hidden”)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: [script needed] (chipṇo), [script needed] (chopṇo)

Nepali: छिप्नु (chipnu), छोप्नु (chopnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: chipṇā, chupṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਛਿਪਣਾ, ਛੁਪਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: چھپݨا, چھپݨا

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: છીપવું (chīpvũ, “to be quenched”), છીપો m (chīpo, “calico printer”), છુપાવું (chupāvũ)

(perhaps intransitive of *𑀙𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*chappaï)?)


𑀓𑀻𑀡𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कीणइ</i>

kīṇaï (romanization)
कीणइ (Devanagari)
𑀓𑀺𑀡𑀇 (alternative)
𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: kīnnā

Hindi: कीनना

Urdu: کیننا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: কিন (kin)

Bengali: কেনা (kena)

Bihari: कीनब

Magahi: 𑂍𑂱𑂢𑂪 (kinal)

Maithili: कीनब (kīnab), किनब (kinab)

Odia: କିଣିବା (kiṇibā)

Sylheti: ꠇꠤꠘꠣ (kina)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: किन्नु (kinnu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Romani: kinel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷreyh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-né-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krináHti
Sanskrit क्री॒णाति॑ (krīṇā́ti)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀻𑀡𑀇 (kīṇaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit क्री॒णाति॑ (krīṇā́ti).

etymon

sa>क्री॒णाति॑>buy


𑀝𑀳𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*टहल्लइ</i>

*𑀝𑀳𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (*ṭahallaï) (Devanagari *टहल्लइ)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: ṭahalnā

Hindi: टहलना

Urdu: ٹہلنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: টহল (tohol)

Bengali: টহল (ṭohol)

Odia: ଟହଲିବା (ṭahalibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: टहल्नु (ṭahalnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ṭahilṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਟਹਿਲਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: ٹہلݨا

Southern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Marathi: टेहलणे (ṭehalṇe), टेहेलणे (ṭehelṇe), टहळणे (ṭahaḷṇe)

Unknown. Turner doubts a connection to Sanskrit त्रखति (trákhati, “goes”).


𑀟𑀲𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">डसइ</i>

pra-head

𑀟𑀲𑀇 (ḍasaï) (Devanagari डसइ) (transitive)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Awadhi: डसइ (ḍasaï)

Old Hindi: डसना (ḍasanā)

Hindustani: ḍasnā

Hindi: डसना

Urdu: ڈسنا

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: [script needed] (ḍasṇo)

Nepali: डस्नु (ḍasnu), डसिनु (ḍasinu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘚𑘭𑘜𑘹 (ḍasaṇe)

Marathi: डसणे (ḍasṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: डसीइ (ḍasīi)

Gujarati: ડસવું (ḍasvũ)

Inherited from Sanskrit दशति (dáśati) (with unexpected retroflexion), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ḱ-é-ti (“bites”). Cognate with Pali डसति (ḍasati).


𑀨𑁂𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*फेक्कइ</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: phẽknā

desc

Hindi: फेंकना

Hindi: फेंकना

Urdu: پھینکنا

Urdu: پھینکنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: ফেকা (pheka)

Maithili: फेकब (phēkab)

Odia: ଫେଙ୍ଗିବା (pheṅgibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: फ्याँक्नु (phyā̃knu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: फेकणे (phekṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ફેંકવું (pheṅkvũ)