𑀚𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಣ</i>

jaṇa (romanization)
जण (Devanagari)
ಜಣ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas
Sanskrit जन॑ (jána)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀚𑀦 (jana), from Sanskrit जन॑ (jána), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os.

etymon

अच्छउ ता जणवाओ हिअअं चिअ अत्तणो तुह पमाणं ।
तह तं सि मंदणेहो जह ण उवालंभजोग्गो सि ॥
acchaü tā jaṇavāo hiaaṃ cia attaṇo tuha pamāṇaṃ .

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 201

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Never mind the gossip [lit. "words of people"]:
Judge by your own feelings.
Anyway,
You have grown so cool
That you are beyond reproach.

taha taṃ si maṃdaṇeho jaha ṇa uvālaṃbhajŏggo si .


𑀯𑀸𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वाअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವಾಅ</i>

𑀯𑀸𑀅 (vāa) m (Devanagari वाअ, Kannada ವಾಅ)

vāa (romanization)
वाअ (Devanagari)
ವಾಅ (Kannada)
𑀯𑀸𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀸𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀸𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀸𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀸𑀬 (alternative)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bihari:

desc

>? Maithili: बाव (bāv, “type of musical instrument”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH-?
Sanskrit वद् (vad)
Sanskrit वाद (vāda)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀅 (vāa)
Inherited from Sanskrit वाद (vāda), from वद् (vad), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH-.


𑀉𑀟𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उडय</i>

uḍaya (romanization)
उडय (Devanagari)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀟𑀬 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀟𑀬𑀸 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit उट (uṭa)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Sanskrit जन् (jan)
Sanskrit -ज (-ja)
Sanskrit उटज (uṭaja)
Prakrit 𑀉𑀟𑀬 (uḍaya)
Inherited from Sanskrit उटज (uṭaja).

etymon

a hut made of leaves (the residence of hermits or saints)


उडय

uḍaya (romanization)
उडयो (nominative singular)
उडया (nominative plural)
उडयं (accusative singular)
उडये (accusative plural)
उडया (accusative plural)
उडयेण (instrumental singular)
उडयेणं (instrumental singular)
उडयेहि (instrumental plural)
उडयेहिं (instrumental plural)
उडयाअ (dative singular)
उडयाओ (ablative singular)
उडयाउ (ablative singular)
उडया (ablative singular)
उडयाहि (ablative singular)
उडयाहिंतो (ablative singular)
उडयस्स (genitive singular)
उडयाण (genitive plural)
उडयाणं (genitive plural)
उडयम्मि (locative singular)
उडये (locative singular)
उडयेसु (locative plural)
उडयेसुं (locative plural)
उडय (singular vocative)
उडया (singular vocative)
उडया (plural vocative)


𑀭𑀁𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रंग</i>

raṃga (romanization)
रंग (Devanagari)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀕 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀁𑀕𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: रंग (raṅg)

Urdu: رَن٘گ (raṅg)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ৰাং (raṅ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: raṅg

Gurmukhi script: ਰੰਗ

Shahmukhi script: رَن٘گ

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘽𑘐 (raṅga)

Marathi: रंग (raṅga)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit रङ्ग (raṅga)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀁𑀕 (raṃga)
Inherited from Sanskrit रङ्ग (raṅga). Cognate with Pali raṅga.


𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मयणाभि</i>

𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (mayaṇābhi) m or f (Devanagari मयणाभि)

mayaṇābhi (romanization)
मयणाभि (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀡𑁄 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (alternative)

Apabhramsa: 𑆩𑆴𑆃𑆟𑆳𑆲𑆴 (miaṇāhi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás
Sanskrit मृग (mṛga)
Sanskrit नाभि (nābhi)
Sanskrit मृगनाभि (mṛganābhi)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (mayaṇābhi)
Inherited from Sanskrit मृगनाभि (mṛganābhi).


𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मयणाहि</i>

𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (mayaṇāhi) m or f (Devanagari मयणाहि)

mayaṇāhi (romanization)
मयणाहि (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀻 (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (mayaṇābhi, “musk”)


मयणाहि

mayaṇāhi (romanization)
मयणाही (nominative singular)
मयणाहिणो (nominative plural)
मयणाही (nominative plural)
मयणाहीओ (nominative plural)
मयणाहओ (nominative plural)
मयणाहउ (nominative plural)
मयणाहिं (accusative singular)
मयणाहिणो (accusative plural)
मयणाही (accusative plural)
मयणाहओ (accusative plural)
मयणाहिणा (instrumental singular)
मयणाहीहि (instrumental plural)
मयणाहीहिं (instrumental plural)
मयणाहीओ (ablative singular)
मयणाहीउ (ablative singular)
मयणाहिणो (ablative singular)
मयणाहीहिंतो (ablative singular)
मयणाहिस्स (genitive singular)
मयणाहिणो (genitive singular)
मयणाहीण (genitive plural)
मयणाहीणं (genitive plural)
मयणाहिम्मि (locative singular)
मयणाहीसु (locative plural)
मयणाहीसुं (locative plural)
मयणाहि (singular vocative)
मयणाही (singular vocative)
मयणाहिणो (plural vocative)
मयणाही (plural vocative)
मयणाही (nominative singular)
मयणाहीओ (nominative plural)
मयणाही (nominative plural)
मयणाहिं (accusative singular)
मयणाहीओ (accusative plural)
मयणाही (accusative plural)
मयणाहीए (instrumental singular)
मयणाहीहि (instrumental plural)
मयणाहीहिं (instrumental plural)
मयणाहीओ (ablative singular)
मयणाहीहिंतो (ablative plural)
मयणाहीए (genitive singular)
मयणाहीण (genitive plural)
मयणाहीणं (genitive plural)
मयणाहीए (locative singular)
मयणाहीसु (locative plural)
मयणाहीसुं (locative plural)
मयणाहि (singular vocative)
मयणाही (singular vocative)
मयणाहीओ (plural vocative)
मयणाही (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (“musk”)


मयणाभि

mayaṇābhi (romanization)
मयणाभी (nominative singular)
मयणाभिणो (nominative plural)
मयणाभी (nominative plural)
मयणाभीओ (nominative plural)
मयणाभओ (nominative plural)
मयणाभउ (nominative plural)
मयणाभिं (accusative singular)
मयणाभिणो (accusative plural)
मयणाभी (accusative plural)
मयणाभओ (accusative plural)
मयणाभिणा (instrumental singular)
मयणाभीहि (instrumental plural)
मयणाभीहिं (instrumental plural)
मयणाभीओ (ablative singular)
मयणाभीउ (ablative singular)
मयणाभिणो (ablative singular)
मयणाभीहिंतो (ablative singular)
मयणाभिस्स (genitive singular)
मयणाभिणो (genitive singular)
मयणाभीण (genitive plural)
मयणाभीणं (genitive plural)
मयणाभिम्मि (locative singular)
मयणाभीसु (locative plural)
मयणाभीसुं (locative plural)
मयणाभि (singular vocative)
मयणाभी (singular vocative)
मयणाभिणो (plural vocative)
मयणाभी (plural vocative)
मयणाभी (nominative singular)
मयणाभीओ (nominative plural)
मयणाभी (nominative plural)
मयणाभिं (accusative singular)
मयणाभीओ (accusative plural)
मयणाभी (accusative plural)
मयणाभीए (instrumental singular)
मयणाभीहि (instrumental plural)
मयणाभीहिं (instrumental plural)
मयणाभीओ (ablative singular)
मयणाभीहिंतो (ablative plural)
मयणाभीए (genitive singular)
मयणाभीण (genitive plural)
मयणाभीणं (genitive plural)
मयणाभीए (locative singular)
मयणाभीसु (locative plural)
मयणाभीसुं (locative plural)
मयणाभि (singular vocative)
मयणाभी (singular vocative)
मयणाभीओ (plural vocative)
मयणाभी (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑀸𑀪𑀺 (“musk”)


𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अलंकार</i>

alaṃkāra (romanization)
अलंकार (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अलंकार (alaṃkāra)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭 (alaṃkāra)
Inherited from Sanskrit अलंकार (alaṃkāra). Cognate with Pali alaṃkāra.


𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भूसण</i>

bhūsaṇa (romanization)
भूसण (Devanagari)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भूष् (bhūṣ)
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Sanskrit -अन (-ana)
Sanskrit भूषण (bhūṣaṇa)
Prakrit 𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡 (bhūsaṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit भूषण (bhūṣaṇa). Cognate with Pali bhūsana.


भूसण

bhūsaṇa (romanization)
भूसणं (nominative singular)
भूसणाइं (nominative plural)
भूसणाइ (nominative plural)
भूसणं (accusative singular)
भूसणाइं (accusative plural)
भूसणाइ (accusative plural)
भूसणेण (instrumental singular)
भूसणेणं (instrumental singular)
भूसणेहि (instrumental plural)
भूसणेहिं (instrumental plural)
भूसणाअ (dative singular)
भूसणाओ (ablative singular)
भूसणाउ (ablative singular)
भूसणा (ablative singular)
भूसणाहि (ablative singular)
भूसणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
भूसणस्स (genitive singular)
भूसणाण (genitive plural)
भूसणाणं (genitive plural)
भूसणम्मि (locative singular)
भूसणे (locative singular)
भूसणेसु (locative plural)
भूसणेसुं (locative plural)
भूसण (singular vocative)
भूसणा (singular vocative)
भूसणाइं (plural vocative)
भूसणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡 𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡 (“ornament, decoration”)


एगारसी

head

एगारसी (egārasī) f

pra-head

एगारसी (egārasī) f

pra-noun

एगारसी (egārasī) f

egārasī (romanization)
एगारसी (nominative singular)
एगारसीओ (nominative plural)
एगारसी (nominative plural)
एगारसिं (accusative singular)
एगारसीओ (accusative plural)
एगारसी (accusative plural)
एगारसीए (instrumental singular)
एगारसीहि (instrumental plural)
एगारसीहिं (instrumental plural)
एगारसीओ (ablative singular)
एगारसीहिंतो (ablative plural)
एगारसीए (genitive singular)
एगारसीण (genitive plural)
एगारसीणं (genitive plural)
एगारसीए (locative singular)
एगारसीसु (locative plural)
एगारसीसुं (locative plural)
एगारसि (singular vocative)
एगारसी (singular vocative)
एगारसीओ (plural vocative)
एगारसी (plural vocative)

𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻#Prakrit


𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एगारसी</i>

egārasī (romanization)
एगारसी (Devanagari)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲𑀻 (plural vocative)

desctree

Apabhramsa: एगारसी (egārasī)
Central:
Hindi: ग्यारस (gyāras)
Western:
Gujarati: અગિયારસ (agiyāras)

Inherited from Sanskrit एकादशी (ekādaśī).


𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀮𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अंगुलि</i>

aṃguli (romanization)
अंगुलि (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀮𑀻 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Braj: आंगुरी (āṅgurī)

Domaaki: اگول (agūla)

Haryanvi: आंगळी (āṅgaḷī)

Old Hindi: अंगुली (aṃgulī)

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: अंगुली (aṅgulī), उंगली (uṅglī), अंगुल (aṅgul), उंगल (uṅgal)

Urdu: اَنْگُلِی (angulī), اُنْگلِی (unglī), اَنْگُل (angul), اُنْگَل (ungal)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

আঙ্গুলিয়াইব<der>

Assamese: আঙুলি (aṅuli), ⇒ আঙ্গুলিয়াইব (aṅguliaibo)

Bengali: আঙ্গুল (aṅgul), আঙুল (aṅul), আঙ্গুলি (aṅguli), ⇒ আঙলানো (aṅlanō)

Bihari:

Maithili: आँगर (ā̃gar), अङ्गुरिआ (aṅguriā)

Odia: ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳି (āṅguḷi)

Odia: ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳି (āṅguḷi)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: އިނގިލި (iⁿgili)

Sinhalese: ඇඟිලි (æⁿgili), ඇඟිල (æⁿgila)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: अङ्गुलि (aṅuli), अङ्गुलो (āṅulo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: अउँलि (a͠uli), अउँलो (a͠ulo)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: अङ्गुलि (aṅguli)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਅੰਗੁਲਿ (aṅguli)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਗੁਲ਼ (aṅguḷ), ਉਂਗਲ਼ (uṅgaḷ)

Shahmukhi script: اَن٘گُࣇ (aṉguḷ), اُن٘گَࣇ (uṉgaḷ)

Saraiki: اَن٘گِل (aṉgil)

Kachchi: આંઘર (ā̃ghar)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: آڱُرِ (āṅuri)

Devanagari script: आङुरि (āṅuri)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: आंगोळी (āṅgoḷī), आंगळी (āṅgḷī)

Marathi: आंगोळी (āṅgoḷī), आंगळी (āṅgḷī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: अंगुली (aṃgulī)

આંગળિયું<der>

Gujarati: આંગળી (ā̃gaḷī), આંગળું (ā̃gaḷũ), ⇒ આંગળિયું (ā̃gaḷiyũ)

Romani: angul, úngli

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅguri)
Sanskrit अ॒ङ्गुलि॑ (aṅgúli)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀮𑀺 (aṃguli)
Inherited from Sanskrit अ॒ङ्गुलि॑ (aṅgúli), from अङ्गुरि (aṅguri), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-.


𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मोक्ख</i>

mŏkkha (romanization)
मोक्ख (Devanagari)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (alternative)

desctree

Apabhramsa: मोक्ख (mokkha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Old Awadhi: मोखू (mokhū)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Sinhalese: මොක් (mok)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਖ (mokh)
Shahmukhi script: موکھ (mokh)
Saraiki: موکھ (mokh)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: موکُ (mokhu), موکَ (mokha)
Devanagari script: मोखु (mokhu), मोख (mokha)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Gujarati: મોખ (mokh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk-
Sanskrit मुच् (muc)
Sanskrit मोक्ष् (mokṣ)
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit मोक्ष (mokṣa)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑁄𑀔 (mokha)
Prakrit 𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔 (mŏkkha)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑁄𑀔 (mokha), from Sanskrit मोक्ष (mokṣa), from मोक्ष् (mokṣ) + -अ (-a).


मोक्ख

mŏkkha (romanization)
मोक्खो (nominative singular)
मोक्खा (nominative plural)
मोक्खं (accusative singular)
मोक्खे (accusative plural)
मोक्खा (accusative plural)
मोक्खेण (instrumental singular)
मोक्खेणं (instrumental singular)
मोक्खेहि (instrumental plural)
मोक्खेहिं (instrumental plural)
मोक्खाअ (dative singular)
मोक्खाओ (ablative singular)
मोक्खाउ (ablative singular)
मोक्खा (ablative singular)
मोक्खाहि (ablative singular)
मोक्खाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मोक्खस्स (genitive singular)
मोक्खाण (genitive plural)
मोक्खाणं (genitive plural)
मोक्खम्मि (locative singular)
मोक्खे (locative singular)
मोक्खेसु (locative plural)
मोक्खेसुं (locative plural)
मोक्ख (singular vocative)
मोक्खा (singular vocative)
मोक्खा (plural vocative)

𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔 𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔#Prakrit


𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अक्खर</i>

akkhara (romanization)
अक्खर (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: आखर (ākhar)

Urdu: آکھَر (ākhar)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: আখৰ (akhor)

Bihari:

Maithili: आखर (ākhar)

Odia: ଆଖର (ākhara)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: އަކުރު (akuru)

Sinhalese: අකුර (akura)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: आँखर

Nepali: आखर (ākhar)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਖਰ (akkhar)

Shahmukhi script: اَکّھَر (akkhar)

Kachchi: અખર (akhar)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: اَکَرُ (akharu)

Devanagari script: अखरु (akharu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Marwari: आखर (ākhar)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: अंछर (añchar)

Urdu: اَچھَر (achar)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Marwari: अच्छर (acchar)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-
Sanskrit अ- (a-)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara)
Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭 (akkhara)
Inherited from Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára), from अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara).


झाण

jhāṇa (romanization)
झाणं (nominative singular)
झाणाइं (nominative plural)
झाणाइ (nominative plural)
झाणं (accusative singular)
झाणाइं (accusative plural)
झाणाइ (accusative plural)
झाणेण (instrumental singular)
झाणेणं (instrumental singular)
झाणेहि (instrumental plural)
झाणेहिं (instrumental plural)
झाणाअ (dative singular)
झाणाओ (ablative singular)
झाणाउ (ablative singular)
झाणा (ablative singular)
झाणाहि (ablative singular)
झाणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
झाणस्स (genitive singular)
झाणाण (genitive plural)
झाणाणं (genitive plural)
झाणम्मि (locative singular)
झाणे (locative singular)
झाणेसु (locative plural)
झाणेसुं (locative plural)
झाण (singular vocative)
झाणा (singular vocative)
झाणाइं (plural vocative)
झाणाइ (plural vocative)


𑀛𑀸𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">झाण</i>

jhāṇa (romanization)
झाण (Devanagari)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀛𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀛𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

desctree

Apabhramsa: झाण (jhāṇa)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Old Bengali: ঝাণ (jhāṇa)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: झाण (jhāṇa)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ध्यै (dhyai)
Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna)
Prakrit 𑀛𑀸𑀡 (jhāṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna). Cognate with Pali jhāna.


झमाल

jhamāla (romanization)
झमालं (nominative singular)
झमालाइं (nominative plural)
झमालाइ (nominative plural)
झमालं (accusative singular)
झमालाइं (accusative plural)
झमालाइ (accusative plural)
झमालेण (instrumental singular)
झमालेणं (instrumental singular)
झमालेहि (instrumental plural)
झमालेहिं (instrumental plural)
झमालाअ (dative singular)
झमालाओ (ablative singular)
झमालाउ (ablative singular)
झमाला (ablative singular)
झमालाहि (ablative singular)
झमालाहिंतो (ablative singular)
झमालस्स (genitive singular)
झमालाण (genitive plural)
झमालाणं (genitive plural)
झमालम्मि (locative singular)
झमाले (locative singular)
झमालेसु (locative plural)
झमालेसुं (locative plural)
झमाल (singular vocative)
झमाला (singular vocative)
झमालाइं (plural vocative)
झमालाइ (plural vocative)

𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮 𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮#Prakrit


𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">झमाल</i>

jhamāla (romanization)
झमाल (Devanagari)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀛𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Old Gujarati: झमाल (jhamāla)

Perhaps from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀛𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁆 (*jhamm).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jhamm”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 295


𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सारी</i>

sārī (romanization)
सारी (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆 (alternative)
𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀻 (alternative)
𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀺𑀆 (alternative)
𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀆 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सार (sār)

Urdu: سار (sār)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: শারী (śari)

Odia: ସାର (sāra), ସାରି (sāri)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: सारी (sārī)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सारू (sārū)

Urdu: سارُو (sārū)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: শালিকা (xalika)

Bengali: শালিক (śalik)

desc

Odia: ଶାଳିକା (śāḷikā)

Odia: ଶାଳିକା (śāḷikā)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit शारि॑ (śā́ri)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀓𑀸 (sālikā)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻 (sārī)
Inherited from Sanskrit शारि॑ (śā́ri, “myna bird”).


𑀉𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उउ</i>

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš
Sanskrit ऋ॒तु (ṛtú)
Prakrit 𑀉𑀉 (uu)
Inherited from Sanskrit ऋ॒तु (ṛtú).


𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुण्णिमा</i>

𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (puṇṇimā) f (Devanagari पुण्णिमा)

puṇṇimā (romanization)
पुण्णिमा (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: pūnam

Hindi: पूनम

desc

Urdu: پُونَم

Urdu: پُونَم

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: पुनिव (puniva), पुणिव (puṇiva)

Western Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Gujarati: पूनिम (pūnima)
Gujarati: પૂનમ (pūnam)

→ Dravidian:

Old Kannada: ಪುಣ್ಣಿಮೆ (puṇṇime)

Kannada: ಹುಣ್ಣಿಮೆ (huṇṇime)

Telugu: పున్నమి (punnami)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hnás
Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has
Sanskrit पूर्णमास् (pūrṇamās)
Sanskrit पूर्णिमा (pūrṇimā)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (puṇṇimā)
Inherited from Sanskrit पूर्णिमा (pūrṇimā). Cognate with Pali puṇṇamā.


पुण्णिमा

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पुण्णिमा (puṇṇimā)

pra-head

पुण्णिमा (puṇṇimā)

pra-noun

पुण्णिमा (puṇṇimā)

𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀸 (“full moon”)


𑀨𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फुप्फुस</i>

𑀨𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀲 (phupphusa) n (Devanagari फुप्फुस)

phupphusa (romanization)
फुप्फुस (Devanagari)
𑀨𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀺𑀲 (alternative)
𑀨𑁄𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀲 (alternative)
𑀨𑁄𑀨𑀲 (alternative)
𑀨𑁂𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀲 (alternative)
𑀨𑁂𑀨𑀲 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: फप्फस (phapphas, “swollen”), फफसा (phaphsā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Odia: ଫୁଫୁସ (phuphusa)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: පපු (papu)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

>? Nepali: फोक्सो (phokso)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: ફેફસો (phephso)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: फोपीस (phopīs)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ફેફસું (phephsũ)

→ Pashto: پړپوس (paṛpus)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: फेफड़ा (phephṛā)

Urdu: پھیپھْڑا (phephṛā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: ফোপরা (phōpora)

Bihari:

Maithili: फेफड़ा (phēphᵊṛā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: ફિપફડ઼ (phipphaṛ)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫੇਫੜਾ (phephṛā)

Shahmukhi script: پھیپھْڑا (phephṛā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڦِڦَڙَ (phiphaṛa)

Devanagari script: फिफड़ (phiphaṛa)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa)
Prakrit 𑀨𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀲 (phupphusa)
Inherited from Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa), फुफुस (phuphusa), पुप्फुस (pupphusa, “lung”), ultimately onomatopoeic and related to several words involving the sound of blowing air, including फुत्कार (phutkāra, “huffing, hissing”), पुप्फुल (pupphula, “flatulency”), and फुप्फुकारक (phupphukāraka, “panting, gasping”). Cognate with Pali papphāsa.


𑀖𑀸𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">घास</i>

ghāsa (romanization)
घास (Devanagari)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀖𑀸𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: ghās

Hindi: घास

Urdu: گھاس

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: গাস (gaś)

Early Assamese: ঘাঁস (gha̐so)

Assamese: ঘাঁহ (ghãh)

Odia: ଘାସ (ghāsa)

Sylheti: ꠊꠣ (gá)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: घाँस (ghā̃s)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kholosi: xāz

Punjabi: (ghāh)

Gurmukhi script: ਘਾਹ

Shahmukhi script: گھاہ

Sindhi: gāhu

Arabic script: گاهه

Devanagari script: गाहु

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ઘાસ (ghās)

Romani: khas (“hay”)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit घास (ghāsa)
Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa)
Inherited from Sanskrit घास (ghāsa). Cognate with Pali ghāsa.


𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जंघा</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: जांघ (jāṅgh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जाँघ (jāṅgh), जांघ (jāṅgh)

Urdu: جانْگھ (jāngh)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: জাং (zaṅ)

Bengali: জাং (jaṅ), জঙ্ঘা (joṅgha)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जाङ्ह (jāṅha)

Maithili: जांघ (jāṅgh)

Odia: ଜଙ୍ଘ (jaṅgha)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: දඟය (daⁿgaya)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: जाङ (jāṅ)

Nepali: जांघ (jāṅgha), जाङ (jāṅ)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: झङ्ग (jhaṅg)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਘ (jaṅgh)

Shahmukhi script: جَنگھ (jangh)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڄَنگههَ (j̄aṅgha)

Devanagari script: ॼंघ (j̄aṅgha)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: जांग (zāṅg)

Marathi: जांग (jāṅga)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: જાંઘ (jā̃gh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas
Sanskrit जङ्घा॑ (jáṅghā)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸 (jaṃghā)
Inherited from Sanskrit जङ्घा॑ (jáṅghā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- + *-os.

etymon

shank (part of the leg between the knee and ankle)


𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मग्ग</i>

magga (romanization)
मग्ग (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: मग्ग (magga), 𑆩𑆓𑇀𑆓 (magga) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás
Sanskrit मृग (mṛga)vrd.
Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀕 (maga)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕 (magga)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀕 (maga /magga/), from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga).


मग्ग

magga (romanization)
मग्गो (nominative singular)
मग्गा (nominative plural)
मग्गं (accusative singular)
मग्गे (accusative plural)
मग्गा (accusative plural)
मग्गेण (instrumental singular)
मग्गेणं (instrumental singular)
मग्गेहि (instrumental plural)
मग्गेहिं (instrumental plural)
मग्गाअ (dative singular)
मग्गाओ (ablative singular)
मग्गाउ (ablative singular)
मग्गा (ablative singular)
मग्गाहि (ablative singular)
मग्गाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मग्गस्स (genitive singular)
मग्गाण (genitive plural)
मग्गाणं (genitive plural)
मग्गम्मि (locative singular)
मग्गे (locative singular)
मग्गेसु (locative plural)
मग्गेसुं (locative plural)
मग्ग (singular vocative)
मग्गा (singular vocative)
मग्गा (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕 (“road, way, path”)


𑀥𑀽𑀫

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">धूम</i>

dhūma (romanization)
धूम (Devanagari)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀫𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: dhūā̃

Hindi: धूआँ

desc

Urdu: دُھواں

Urdu: دُھواں

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: ধোঁৱা (dhü̃a)

Bengali: ধোঁয়া (dhō̃ẇa)

Sylheti: ꠗꠥꠝꠣ (dúma)

Bihari:

Angika: dhūā̃

Devanagari script: धूआँ

Kaithi script: 𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀

Magahi: dhūā̃

Devanagari script: धूआँ

Kaithi script: 𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀

Maithili: dhuā̃

Devanagari script: धुआँ

Tirhuta script: 𑒡𑒳𑒂𑒿

Odia: ଧୂଆଁ (dhuā̃)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: ދުން (dun̊)

Sinhalese: දුම (duma)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Garhwali: धुवाँ (dhuvā̃)

Kumaoni: धूवाँ

Nepali: धुवाँ (dhuwā̃)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: dhū̃ā̃

Gurmukhi script: ਧੂੰਆਂ

Shahmukhi script: دُھواں

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ધૂમ (dhūm)

Romani: thuv

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
Prakrit 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūmá). Cognate with Pali dhūma.

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhūmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press: “Pa. Pk. dhūma- m. 'smoke'”


𑀲𑀸𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सास</i>

sāsa (romanization)
सास (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀸𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)

Awadhi: साँस (sā̃s)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: સાસ (sās), હાંસ (hā̃s)

desc

Marwari: सा (sā), सास (sās), सासा (sāsā)

Hindustani: sāns

Hindi: सांस, साँस

Hindi: सांस, साँस

Urdu: سانس

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ସାସ (sāsa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: साँस (sā̃s)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: सास (sās)

Kumaoni: सास (sās)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सास (sās)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘻𑘭 / सोस (sosa)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sāh

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਹ

Shahmukhi script: سَاہ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: sāhu

Arabic script: سَاهُ

Devanagari script: साहु

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱwos-ó-s
Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsa)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
Inherited from Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsa).


𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विवाह</i>

vivāha (romanization)
विवाह (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀺𑀆𑀳 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: ब्याह (byāh)

Urdu: بِیاہ (biyāh)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: বিয়ে (biẏe)

desctree

Early Assamese: বিহা (biha)
Assamese: বিয়া (bia)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠀ (bia)

Odia: ବିହା (bihā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: बिहा (bihā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਿਆਹ (viāha)

Shahmukhi script: وِیاہ (vīyāh)

Sindhi: vihā̃u

Arabic script: وهانؤ

Devanagari script: विहांउ

Southern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Old Marathi: विवाओ (vivāo), वेओ (veo), विव्हा (vivhā)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: વિવાહ (vivāh)

Romani: biav

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wí
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́ʰ-
Sanskrit वह् (vah)
Sanskrit वाह (vāha)
Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (vivāha)
Inherited from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha).


𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀺𑀬𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कुंचिया</i>

𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀺𑀬𑀸 (kuṃciyā) f (Devanagari कुंचिया)

kuṃciyā (romanization)
कुंचिया (Devanagari)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Odia: କଞ୍ଚି (kañci)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: કૂંજી (kū̃jī)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁੰਜੀ (kuñjī)

Shahmukhi script: کُن٘جِی (kuṉjī)

Saraiki: کُن٘جِی (kuṉjī)

Sindhi: kuñjī

Arabic script: ڪُنجيِ

Devanagari script: कुंजी

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: કૂંચી (kū̃cī)

Marwari: कूंची (kūñcī)

Inherited from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā). Cognate with Pali kuñcikā.

etymon

sa>कुञ्चिका>key

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kuñcikā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 165


𑀤𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दइ</i>

daï (romanization)
दइ (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀺𑀇 (alternative)

q

Old Gujarati: दइडउ (daïḍaü, “leather ball”) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Gujarati: દેડો (deḍo)

a bag made of leather used for carrying water or other liquids


𑀤𑀺𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दिइ</i>

alternative form of 𑀤𑀇 (daï, “a bag made of leather used for carrying water or other liquids”)


दइ

Devanagari script form of 𑀤𑀇 (“leather bag”)


दिइ

Devanagari script form of 𑀤𑀺𑀇 (“leather bag”)


𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मच्चु</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">મચ્ચુ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಚ್ಚು</i>

𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (maccu) (Devanagari मच्चु, Gujarati મચ્ચુ, Kannada ಮಚ್ಚು)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)

maccu (romanization)
मच्चु (Devanagari)
મચ્ચુ (Gujarati)
ಮಚ್ಚು (Kannada)
𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (alternative)

Apabhramsa: मच्चु (maccu)

Inherited from Sanskrit मृ॒त्यु (mṛtyú).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mr̥tyú”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 594: “Pk. maccu- m.”


𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मिच्चु</i>

miccu (romanization)
मिच्चु (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (alternative)

Apabhramsa: मिच्चु (miccu)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Old Awadhi:

desc

مِینچ<ts:mī̃c>

Arabic script: مِیچ (myc /mīc/), مِینچ (mync /mī̃c/)

Devanagari script: मीचु (mīcu), मींचु (mīṃcu)

Kaithi script: 𑂧𑂲𑂒𑂳 (mīcu), 𑂧𑂲𑂁𑂒𑂳 (mīṃcu)

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: मीच (mīc)

Kannauji: मीच

Hindustani: mīc

Hindi: मीच

Urdu: مِیچ

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਮੀਚੁ (mīcu)

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mr̥tyú”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 594: “Pk. micca^([sic])- m.”

hi:सुभद्र झा


मच्चु

𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (“death”)


मिच्चु

𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (“death”)


𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अहिण्णाण</i>

𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (ahiṇṇāṇa) n (Devanagari अहिण्णाण)

ahiṇṇāṇa (romanization)
अहिण्णाण (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí
Sanskrit अभि- (abhi-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna)
Sanskrit अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (ahiṇṇāṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna). Cognate with Pali abhiññāṇa.


अहिण्णाण

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अहिण्णाण (ahiṇṇāṇa) n

pra-head

अहिण्णाण (ahiṇṇāṇa) n

pra-noun

अहिण्णाण (ahiṇṇāṇa) n

ahiṇṇāṇa (romanization)
अहिण्णाणं (nominative singular)
अहिण्णाणाइं (nominative plural)
अहिण्णाणाइ (nominative plural)
अहिण्णाणं (accusative singular)
अहिण्णाणाइं (accusative plural)
अहिण्णाणाइ (accusative plural)
अहिण्णाणेण (instrumental singular)
अहिण्णाणेणं (instrumental singular)
अहिण्णाणेहि (instrumental plural)
अहिण्णाणेहिं (instrumental plural)
अहिण्णाणाअ (dative singular)
अहिण्णाणाओ (ablative singular)
अहिण्णाणाउ (ablative singular)
अहिण्णाणा (ablative singular)
अहिण्णाणाहि (ablative singular)
अहिण्णाणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
अहिण्णाणस्स (genitive singular)
अहिण्णाणाण (genitive plural)
अहिण्णाणाणं (genitive plural)
अहिण्णाणम्मि (locative singular)
अहिण्णाणे (locative singular)
अहिण्णाणेसु (locative plural)
अहिण्णाणेसुं (locative plural)
अहिण्णाण (singular vocative)
अहिण्णाणा (singular vocative)
अहिण्णाणाइं (plural vocative)
अहिण्णाणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡#Prakrit


𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पण्णा</i>

paṇṇā (romanization)
पण्णा (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

desc

>? Sanskrit: पण्डा (paṇḍā), पण्डित (paṇḍita) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (paṇṇā)
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā), from प्र- (pra-) + ज्ञा (jñā).


𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छाहा</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: छाँह (chā̃h), छाँव (chā̃v)

Urdu: چھاؤں (chāõ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂
Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH
Sanskrit छाया (chāyā)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā)
Prakrit 𑀙𑀸𑀆 (chāā)blend.
Prakrit 𑀆𑀳𑀸 (āhā)blend.
Prakrit 𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀸 (chāhā)
Variant of 𑀙𑀸𑀆 (chāā), from influence of 𑀆𑀳𑀸 (āhā), 𑀧𑀳𑀸 (pahā, “light”).


𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सित्थ</i>

sittha (romanization)
सित्थ (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Bundeli: सीत (sīt)

Hindustani: (“rice gruel, rice water”) sīth

Hindi: सीथ

Urdu: سِیتھ

Old Braj: सीथ (sīth, “grain”)

Braj: सीथ (sīth)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Magahi: sīth

Devanagari script: सीथ

Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂲𑂟

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: सितो (“grain of cooked rice”)

desc

Nepali: सितो (sito, “crumb of boiled rice”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: (“cooked rice”) śīt

Devanagari script: शीत

Kannada script: ಶೀತ್

Latin script: xit

Old Marathi: śīta

Devanagari script: शीत

Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘝

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sikthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 773: “Pk. sittha-, °aya- n. 'a preparation of rice'”


𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सित्थय</i>

sitthaya (romanization)
सित्थय (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit सिक्थ (siktha) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).

𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 (sittha); grain


सित्थ

𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 (“rice, grain”)


सित्थय

𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (“grain”)


𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दुब्भिक्ख</i>

𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (dubbhikkha) n (Devanagari दुब्भिक्ख)

dubbhikkha (romanization)
दुब्भिक्ख (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Sanskrit भिक्ष् (bhikṣ)
Sanskrit -आ (-ā)
Sanskrit भिक्षा (bhikṣā)
Sanskrit दुर्भिक्ष (durbhikṣa)
Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (dubbhikkha)
Inherited from Sanskrit दुर्भिक्ष (durbhikṣa). Cognate with Pali dubbhikkha.


दुब्भिक्ख

dubbhikkha (romanization)
दुब्भिक्खं (nominative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाइं (nominative plural)
दुब्भिक्खाइ (nominative plural)
दुब्भिक्खं (accusative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाइं (accusative plural)
दुब्भिक्खाइ (accusative plural)
दुब्भिक्खेण (instrumental singular)
दुब्भिक्खेणं (instrumental singular)
दुब्भिक्खेहि (instrumental plural)
दुब्भिक्खेहिं (instrumental plural)
दुब्भिक्खाअ (dative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाओ (ablative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाउ (ablative singular)
दुब्भिक्खा (ablative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाहि (ablative singular)
दुब्भिक्खाहिंतो (ablative singular)
दुब्भिक्खस्स (genitive singular)
दुब्भिक्खाण (genitive plural)
दुब्भिक्खाणं (genitive plural)
दुब्भिक्खम्मि (locative singular)
दुब्भिक्खे (locative singular)
दुब्भिक्खेसु (locative plural)
दुब्भिक्खेसुं (locative plural)
दुब्भिक्ख (singular vocative)
दुब्भिक्खा (singular vocative)
दुब्भिक्खाइं (plural vocative)
दुब्भिक्खाइ (plural vocative)

𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (“famine”)


𑀘𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चमक्क</i>

camakka (romanization)
चमक्क (Devanagari)
*𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓 (alternative)
*𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

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Hindi: चौंकना (ca͠uknā), चौंक (ca͠uk), चमकना (camaknā), चमक (camak)

Urdu: چونکنا, چونک, چمکنا, چمک

Urdu: چونکنا, چونک, چمکنا, چمک

Old Awadhi: चौंकइ (cauṃkaï), चमकइ (camakaï)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਚੌਂਕਣਾ (cauṅkṇā), ਚਮਕਣਾ (camkaṇā), ਚਮਕਾਰ (camkār), ਚਮਕਾਰਾ (camkārā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: [script needed] (caũkā)

Odia: ଚହଙ୍କିବା (cahaṅkibā, “to glitter”)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: चमक (camak)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘦𑘎𑘜𑘹 (cāmakaṇe)

Marathi: चमकणे (camakṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ચમકવું (camakvũ)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: चमचमाना (camacmānā)

Urdu: چمچمانا

Urdu: چمچمانا

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: चमचम (camacam)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: चमचमाट (camacmāṭ)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ચમચમ (camcam)

With Sanskrit चमत्कृ (camatkṛ, “to express astonishment”), probably ultimately onomatopoeic.


𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अइक्कमण</i>

𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 (aïkkamaṇa) n (Devanagari अइक्कमण)

aïkkamaṇa (romanization)
अइक्कमण (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

desc

Sinhalese: ඉක්මන (ikmana, “haste”, noun), ඉක්මන් (ikman, “quick”, adjective)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éti
Sanskrit अति (ati)
Sanskrit क्रमण (kramaṇa)
Sanskrit अतिक्रमण (atikramaṇa)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 (aïkkamaṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit अतिक्रमण (atikramaṇa). Cognate with Pali atikkamaṇa.


अइक्कमण

aïkkamaṇa (romanization)
अइक्कमणं (nominative singular)
अइक्कमणाइं (nominative plural)
अइक्कमणाइ (nominative plural)
अइक्कमणं (accusative singular)
अइक्कमणाइं (accusative plural)
अइक्कमणाइ (accusative plural)
अइक्कमणेण (instrumental singular)
अइक्कमणेणं (instrumental singular)
अइक्कमणेहि (instrumental plural)
अइक्कमणेहिं (instrumental plural)
अइक्कमणाअ (dative singular)
अइक्कमणाओ (ablative singular)
अइक्कमणाउ (ablative singular)
अइक्कमणा (ablative singular)
अइक्कमणाहि (ablative singular)
अइक्कमणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
अइक्कमणस्स (genitive singular)
अइक्कमणाण (genitive plural)
अइक्कमणाणं (genitive plural)
अइक्कमणम्मि (locative singular)
अइक्कमणे (locative singular)
अइक्कमणेसु (locative plural)
अइक्कमणेसुं (locative plural)
अइक्कमण (singular vocative)
अइक्कमणा (singular vocative)
अइक्कमणाइं (plural vocative)
अइक्कमणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 (“overstepping, violation”)


𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अंगुल</i>

aṃgula (romanization)
अंगुल (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: अंगुल (aṅgul)

Urdu: اَنْگُل (angul)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Odia: ଅଙ୍ଗୁଳ (aṅguḷa)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: آڱُرُ

Devanagari script: अङुरु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: अंगुळ (aṃguḷa)

Marathi: अंगुल (aṅgul)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: આંગળ (ā̃gaḷ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुल (aṅgula)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀮 (aṃgula)
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुल (aṅgula), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-.


𑀅𑀁𑀟

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अंड</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

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Hindi: अंडा (aṇḍā), आँड़ (ā̃ṛ)

Hindi: अंडा (aṇḍā), आँड़ (ā̃ṛ)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: আঁড় (ãṛ), আণ্ডা (anḍa)

Chittagonian: আণ্ডা

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: अण्डा (aṇḍā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਂਡਾ (āṇḍā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: آنو

Devanagari script: आनो

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: अंडे (aṇḍe)

Konkani: अंडें (aṇḍẽ)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઈંડું (ī̃ḍũ)

Romani: anro

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आ॒ण्ड (āṇḍá)
Sanskrit अ॒ण्ड (aṇḍá)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀟 (aṃḍa)
Inherited from Sanskrit अ॒ण्ड (aṇḍá), from आ॒ण्ड (āṇḍá).


𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀟𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अक्खाडय</i>

𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀟𑀬 (akkhāḍaya) m (Devanagari अक्खाडय)

akkhāḍaya (romanization)
अक्खाडय (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀟𑀕 (alternative)
𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀯𑀸𑀟𑀕 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: अखाड़ा (akhāṛā)
→ Kashmiri: अकहार् (akahār)
→ Marathi: आखाडा (ākhāḍā)
→ Nepali: अखाड़ा (akhāṛā)

desc

Urdu: اَکھاڑَا (akhāṛā)

Urdu: اَکھاڑَا (akhāṛā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: আখড়া (akhoṛa)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਖਾਡ਼ਾ (akhāṛā)

Shahmukhi script: اَکھاڑَا (akhāṛā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: آکاڙو

Devanagari script: आखाड़ो

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: અખાડો (akhāḍo)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अ॒क्ष (akṣá)
Sanskrit वाट (vāṭa)
Sanskrit अक्षवाट (akṣavāṭa)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀟𑀬 (akkhāḍaya)
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षवाट (akṣavāṭa), from अ॒क्ष (akṣá) + वाट (vāṭa).


𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अक्ख</i>

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

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⇒ Bihari: अखौत (akhaut), अखौता (akhautā)

Odia: ଅଖ (akha)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: අක (aka), අකුව (akuwa)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘽𑘏 (āṃkha), 𑘁𑘎 (āka)
Marathi: (ās) (< *𑘁𑘽𑘭 (*āṃsa))
Devanagari script: आस
Modi script: 𑘁𑘭
→ Gujarati: આંસ (ā̃sa)
Varhadi: (ākh, ās) (< *𑘁𑘽𑘭 (*āṃsa))
Devanagari script: आख, आस
Modi script: 𑘁𑘏, 𑘁𑘭

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: આંક (ā̃ka)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-os?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas
Sanskrit अक्ष॑ (ákṣa)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔 (akkha)
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्ष॑ (ákṣa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- + *-os.


𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: අක (aka)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: आख (ākh)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अ॒क्ष (akṣá)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔 (akkha)
Inherited from Sanskrit अ॒क्ष (akṣá).

the plant Elaeocarpus angustifolius or its seed


𑀅𑀁𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अंग</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: आँग (āṅg), आँगा (āṅgā)

Urdu: آںگ (ā̃g), آںگَہ (ā̃ga)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: আঙ্গ (aṅgo)

Bengali: আঙ (aṅ)

Bihari:

Maithili: आँग (ā̃g)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: އަންގަ (an̊ga)

Sinhalese: අඟ (aⁿga), ඇඟ (æⁿga)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: आङ (āṅ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: आङ (āṅ)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: अङ्ग (aṅg)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਗ (aṅga)

Shahmukhi script: اَنْگ (ang)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: اڱُ, ⇒ چَاڱُ

Devanagari script: अङु, ⇒ चाङु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: आंग (āṅga)

Latin script: ang

Kannada script: ಆಂಗ್ (āṅg)

desc

अँगाविणे<der>

Marathi: आँग (āĕṅga), ⇒ अँगाविणे (aĕṅgāviṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: આઁગ (ām̐ga), ⇒ આગવું (āgavũ), ⇒ અઁગાઉ (am̐gāu)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: आँगड़ी (āṅgṛī)

Kumaoni: आङर (āṅar), आङड़ो (āṅṛo)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: આંગડી (ā̃gaḍī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: આંગલી (ā̃galī), આંગલું (ā̃galũ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
Sanskrit अङ्ग॑ (áṅga)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀕 (aṃga)
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्ग॑ (áṅga), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-.


𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विहत्थि</i>

𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (vihatthi) f (Devanagari विहत्थि)

vihatthi (romanization)
विहत्थि (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: बित्ता (bittā)

Urdu: بِتَّا (bittā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: ⇒ বিঘত (bighot)

Odia: ବିତା (bitā), ⇒ ବିଘତ୍ (bighat)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: වියත (wiyata)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: बित्ता (bittā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿੱਥ (bittha), ਵਿੱਥ (vittha)

Shahmukhi script: بِتّھ (bitth), وِتّھ (vitth)

Saraiki: وِتّھ (vitth)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: وِٿِ, وِٿيِ

Devanagari script: विथि, विथी

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: वीत (vīt), वीथ (vīth), विहीत (vihīt)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: વેંત (vent)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wítastiš
Sanskrit वित॑स्ति (vítasti)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)influ.
Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (vihatthi)
Inherited from Sanskrit वित॑स्ति (vítasti), with probable contamination from 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha, “hand”).


𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मक्कड</i>

makkaḍa (romanization)
मक्कड (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀟 (alternative)
𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀡 (alternative)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑀻 (alternative)

Apabhramsa: मक्कल (makkala)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: මකුළුවා (makuḷuwā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: माकल (mākal)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

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Konkani: मांकड (māṅkaḍ), मांकोड (māṅkoḍ)

Old Marathi: माकोडा (mākoḍā)

Marathi: माकड (mākaḍ)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: માકડું (mākḍũ, “red-faced monkey”)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit मर्क (marka)?
Sanskrit -ट (-ṭa)?
Sanskrit म॒र्कट॑ (markáṭa)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa)
Inherited from Sanskrit म॒र्कट॑ (markáṭa), possibly from मर्क (marka) + -ट (-ṭa).


𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟

makkaḍa (romanization)
मक्कड (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀟 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मकड़ा (makṛā), मकड़ी (makṛī)

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Urdu: مَکْڑَا (makṛā), مَکْڑِی (makṛī)

Urdu: مَکْڑَا (makṛā), مَکْڑِی (makṛī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: মকৰা (mokora), মাকাৰা (makara) — Central, মাক্ৰা (makra) — Kamrupi

মাকড়সা<der>

মাকড়শা<der>

Bengali: মাকড় (makoṛ), ⇒ মাকড়সা (makṛośa), ⇒ মাকড়শা (makṛośa)

মাকড়সা<der>

Bishnupriya Manipuri: ⇒ মাকড়সা

Odia: ମକ୍ରୀ (makri)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: මකුළුවා (makuḷuwā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: माकुरो (mākuro)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਮੱਕਡ਼ (makkaṛ, “grasshopper; spider”), ਮੱਕਡ਼ੀ (makkaṛī, “spider”)

Western Panjabi: مَکَّڑ (makkaṛ, “grasshopper; spider”), مَکَّڑِی (makkaṛī, “spider”)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَڪَڙُ (“locust”), مَڪِڙيِ

Devanagari script: मकड़ु (“locust”), मकिड़ी

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: માકડ (mākaḍ, “bedbug”), માકડી (mākḍī)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit मर्कट (markaṭa)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa)
Inherited from Sanskrit मर्कट (markaṭa).
The relationship with Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄𑀟 (makkoḍa, “kind of insect”), 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀡 (makkuṇa, “bug”) is unclear; these may be variants of the same term, ultimately loaned from a substrate and Sanskritised.


णउल

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಉಲ</i>

णउल (ṇaüla) (Kannada ಣಉಲ, feminine णउली)

ṇaüla (romanization)
ಣಉಲ (Kannada)
णउली (feminine)

Devanagari script form of 𑀡𑀉𑀮 (“mongoose”)


𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸

𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)

𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧#Prakrit


𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुक्क</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (canonical masculine)
sukka (romanization)
सुक्क (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀰𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀭 (śukra) or 𑀰𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀮 (śukla), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śukrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćukrás (“white, bright”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuk-ró-s. Cognate with Pali 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (sukka).


𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓

𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (canonical neuter)
sukka (romanization)
सुक्क (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀼𑀁𑀓 (alternative)
𑀲𑀼𑀁𑀕 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: चुंगी (cuṅgī)

Urdu: چنگی (cuṅgī)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: चुङ्गि (cuṅgi)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: සුකු (suku, “toll, tax”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ચુંગી (cuṅgī)

desctree

→ Tamil: சுங்கம் (cuṅkam)
Malay: cukai
Indonesian: cukai
→ Min Nan: 抽奎 (thiu-khe)
→ Maranao: sokay
→ Pangutaran Sama: sukay
→ Tiruray: sukay
→ Tausug: sukay

→ Kannada: ಸುಂಕ (suṅka)

Inherited from Sanskrit शुल्क (śulka), from Dravidian. Cognate with Pali 𑀲𑀼𑀗𑁆𑀓 (suṅka), whence Khmer សុង្ក (songkaʼ). Compare Pali 𑀲𑀼𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀓 (suṅkika, “receiver of tolls”).


𑀚𑀯𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जवस</i>

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Marathi: जवस (j̈avas, “linseed”), जवशी (j̈avśī, “flax plant”)


जवस

Devanagari script form of 𑀚𑀯𑀲 (“grass, hay; wheat, grain”)


समिआ

𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀆 𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀆#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀆 (“wheat-flour”)


उज्जोअ

𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 (“effort”)

𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 (“bright light”)


𑀭𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಸ</i>

rasa (romanization)
रस (Devanagari)
ರಸ (Kannada)
𑀭𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Awadhi: रस (rasa)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: रस (ras)

Urdu: رَس (ras)

→ Punjabi: ਰਸ (ras)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ৰস (rox), ৰহ (roh)

Bengali: রস (ros)

Odia: ରସ (rasa), ରସା (rasā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: रस (ras)

Nepali: रस (ras)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਰੌਹ (rauh, “sugarcane juice”)

Lahnda: رَو (rau, “sugarcane juice”)

Sindhi: رهو (raho, “broth”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: रस (ras)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: રસ (ras)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit रस (rasa)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀲 (rasa)
Inherited from Sanskrit रस (rasa, “sap, juice”).


𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अमच्च</i>

amacca (romanization)
अमच्च (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit अमात्य (amātya). Cognate with Pali amacca.


अमच्च

amacca (romanization)
अमच्चो (nominative singular)
अमच्चा (nominative plural)
अमच्चं (accusative singular)
अमच्चे (accusative plural)
अमच्चा (accusative plural)
अमच्चेण (instrumental singular)
अमच्चेणं (instrumental singular)
अमच्चेहि (instrumental plural)
अमच्चेहिं (instrumental plural)
अमच्चाअ (dative singular)
अमच्चाओ (ablative singular)
अमच्चाउ (ablative singular)
अमच्चा (ablative singular)
अमच्चाहि (ablative singular)
अमच्चाहिंतो (ablative singular)
अमच्चस्स (genitive singular)
अमच्चाण (genitive plural)
अमच्चाणं (genitive plural)
अमच्चम्मि (locative singular)
अमच्चे (locative singular)
अमच्चेसु (locative plural)
अमच्चेसुं (locative plural)
अमच्च (singular vocative)
अमच्चा (singular vocative)
अमच्चा (plural vocative)

𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘 𑀅𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀘#Prakrit


𑀨𑀡𑀺

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फणि</i>

phaṇi (romanization)
फणि (Devanagari)
𑀨𑀡𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀨𑀡𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀨𑀡𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀨𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 (plural vocative)
𑀨𑀡𑀻 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit फणिन् (phaṇin)
Prakrit 𑀨𑀡𑀺 (phaṇi)
Inherited from Sanskrit फणिन् (phaṇin).


𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">थुक्क</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಥುಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (thukka) n (Devanagari थुक्क, Kannada ಥುಕ್ಕ)

thukka (romanization)
थुक्क (Devanagari)
ಥುಕ್ಕ (Kannada)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Assamese: থু (thu)

Gujarati: થૂંક (thū̃k)

Hindustani: thūk

Hindi: थूक

Urdu: تُھوک (thūk)

Marathi: थूक (thūk)

Nepali: थुक् (thuk)

Odia: ଥୁକ (thuka)

Punjabi: thukk

Gurmukhi script: ਥੁੱਕ

Shahmukhi script: تُھکّ

Sindhi: thuka

Arabic script: ٿُڪَ

Devanagari script: थुक

Deverbal from 𑀣𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (thukkaï, “spits”), which is onomatopoeic. See there for more.


𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छोयर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಛೋಯರ</i>

𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭 (choyara) m (Devanagari छोयर, Kannada ಛೋಯರ)

choyara (romanization)
छोयर (Devanagari)
ಛೋಯರ (Kannada)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀙𑁄𑀳𑀭 (alternative)
*𑀙𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭 (alternative)

From 𑀙𑁄𑀇𑀅 (choia, “boy, slave”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀭- (-ra-). Further etymology unknown.


𑀙𑁄𑀳𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छोहर</i>

chohara (romanization)
छोहर (Devanagari)

𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭 𑀙𑁄𑀬𑀭#Prakrit


𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुण्ण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸುಣ್ಣ</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (suṇṇa) n (Devanagari सुण्ण, Kannada ಸುಣ್ಣ)

suṇṇa (romanization)
सुण्ण (Devanagari)
ಸುಣ್ಣ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

desc

Hindi: सून (sūn, “empty, nought”), सूना (sūnā, “empty”)

Urdu: سون (sū̆n, “empty”), سونا (sūnā, “empty”)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bhojpuri: सून (sūn, “empty”)

Middle Bengali: সূন (sun)

Old Awadhi: सून (sūna), सूना (sūnā)

Odia: ସୁନ (suna)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: सुनो (“empty”)

Nepali: सुन (suna, “nothing”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: [script needed] (suñj), [script needed] (suñjā), [script needed] (sũj)

Punjabi: ਸੁੰਨ f (sunn, “desolation”), ਸੁੰਨਾ (sunnā, “desolate, quiet”)

Sindhi: [script needed] (suñu), [script needed] (suño)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: सुने (sune)

Konkani: सोन्नें (sonnẽ, “nought”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સૂન (sūn, “emptiness”), સૂનું (sūnũ, “empty”)


𑀲𑀽𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सूर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೂರ</i>

𑀲𑀽𑀭 (sūra) (Devanagari सूर, Kannada ಸೂರ)

sūra (romanization)
सूर (Devanagari)
ಸೂರ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀽𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindi: सूर (sūr)

Urdu: سور (sūr)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: সুৰ (xur, “hero”)

Old Awadhi: सूर (sūra, “bold”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi: [script needed] (sūro)

Punjabi: ਸੂਰ (sūr), ਸੂਰਾ (sūrā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: सूर, सूरो

Nepali: सुरो (suro)

Western Indo-Aryan:

desc

Gujarati: સૂરું (sūrũ), સૂરો m (sūro), સૂરી f (sūrī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁rós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHrás
Sanskrit शूर (śūra)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀽𑀭 (sūra)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀰𑀽𑀭 (śūra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁rós (“swollen, strong”). Cognate with Pali 𑀲𑀽𑀭 (sūra, “valiant”).

inh

शूर<alt:𑀰𑀽𑀭>

inh+

शूर<alt:𑀰𑀽𑀭>


𑀖𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">घर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಘರ</i>

𑀖𑀭 (ghara) n (Devanagari घर, Kannada ಘರ)

ghara (romanization)
घर (Devanagari)
ಘರ (Kannada)
𑀖𑀭𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀖𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀖𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀖𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀖𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀖𑀭𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ঘৰ (ghor)

desctree

Old Bengali: ঘর (ghara)
Middle Bengali: ঘর (ghor)
Bengali: ঘর (ghor)
Chakma: 𑄊𑄧𑄢𑄴 (ghar)
Rohingya: gór
Sylheti: ꠊꠞ (gór)

Maithili:

Devanagari script: घर (ghar)

Tirhuta script: 𑒒𑒩 (ghara)

Odia: ଘର (ghara)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi: घर (ghara)

Braj: घर (ghar)

Hindustani: ghar

Hindi: घर

Urdu: گَھر (ghar)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: घर (ghar)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਘਰੁ (gharu)

Dogri:

Devanagari script: घर (ghar)

Dogra script: 𑠍𑠤 (ghar)

Punjabi: ghar

Gurmukhi script: ਘਰ

Shahmukhi script: گھر

Sindhi:

Arabic script: گهَرُ

Devanagari script: घरु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: ghar

Devanagari script: घर

Kannada script: ಘರ್

Latin script: ghor

Old Marathi: ghara

Devanagari script: घर

Modi script: 𑘑𑘨

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: घर (ghara)
Gujarati: ઘર (ghar)
Marwari: घर (ghar)

desc

Romani: kher, khër (International Standard)

Vaghri: ઘર (ghar)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghara-”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀤𑁂𑀳

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">देह</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದೇಹ</i>

𑀤𑁂𑀳 (deha) m (Devanagari देह, Kannada ದೇಹ)

deha (romanization)
देह (Devanagari)
ದೇಹ (Kannada)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑁂𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑁂𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

desc

Hindi: देह (deh, “body”), देहा (dehā), देही (dehī)

Urdu: دیہ (deh), دیہا (dehā), دیہی (dehī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: देह (deh, “body”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: देहडी f (dehaḍī)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: દેહ m (deh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *dʰóyǵʰos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas
Sanskrit देह (deha)
Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀳 (deha)
Inherited from Sanskrit देह (deha). Cognate with Pali देह (deha).


𑀳𑀁𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हंस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹಂಸ</i>

𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa) m (Devanagari हंस, Kannada ಹಂಸ)

haṃsa (romanization)
हंस (Devanagari)
ಹಂಸ (Kannada)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀁𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀁𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: hā̃s (obsolete)

Hindi: हाँस

Urdu: ہانس

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: হাঁহ (hãh)

Bengali: হাঁস (hãs)

Sylheti: ꠀꠃꠀ (áúa), ꠀꠁ (áí)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਹੰਸ (hans)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás
Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa).


इभ

Devanagari script form of 𑀇𑀪 (“elephant”)


𑀇𑀪

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">इभ</i>

ibha (romanization)
इभ (Devanagari)
𑀇𑀳 (alternative)


𑀇𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">इह</i>


𑀮𑁄𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">लोह</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಲೋಹ</i>

𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha) m (Devanagari लोह, Kannada ಲೋಹ)

loha (romanization)
लोह (Devanagari)
ಲೋಹ (Kannada)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀮𑁄𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: लोह (loh), लोहा (lohā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: लोह (loh)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: લોહ (loh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás
Sanskrit लोह (loha)
Prakrit 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)
Inherited from Sanskrit लोह (loha).


ચમ્મ

𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫#Prakrit

Gujarati script form of 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (“leather, shield”)


𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">डक्क</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಡಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ḍakka) (Devanagari डक्क, Kannada ಡಕ್ಕ)

ḍakka (romanization)
डक्क (Devanagari)
ಡಕ್ಕ (Kannada)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: ડક્કો (ḍakko, “drum”)

Uncertain. Compare also 𑀟𑀫𑀭𑀼𑀅 (ḍamarua), 𑀟𑀺𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀫 (ḍiṃḍima), 𑀟𑁄𑀁𑀩 (ḍoṃba), 𑀠𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ḍhaḍḍha), 𑀠𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮 (ḍhŏlla), and 𑀤𑀼𑀁𑀤𑀼𑀳𑀺 (duṃduhi), all terms denoting types of drums or otherwise connected with drumming. Perhaps ultimately onomatopoeic or derived from Munda terms for drumming.

डङका

*𑀟𑀁𑀓 (*ḍaṃka) — alternative reconstruction; Nepali


𑀯𑀻𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वीर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವೀರ</i>

𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra) m (Devanagari वीर, Kannada ವೀರ)

vīra (romanization)
वीर (Devanagari)
ವೀರ (Kannada)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀻𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindi: बीर (bīr, “warrior”)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: বিরা (bira, “evil spirit”)

Bengali: বীর (bir, “hero”)

Maithili: बिर (bīr, “hero”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Punjabi: ਵੀਰ (vīr, “hero”), ਬੀਰ (bīr, “brother (from a sister)”)

Sindhi: वीरु (vīru, “hero, demon”)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: बीर (bīr, “hero”)

Nepali: बिर (bira, “wild boar”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: ވީރު (vīru, “man”)

Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (vīra)

Marathi: वीर (vīr, “hero”)

Sinhalese: විරු (wiru, “man”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: વીર (vīr), વીરૉ (vīrŏ, “brother (from a sister)”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás
Sanskrit वीर (vīra)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
Inherited from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).


जिब्भा

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<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">જિબ્ભા</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ</i>

जिब्भा (jibbhā) f (Gujarati જિબ્ભા, Kannada ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī, Helu)

jibbhā (romanization)
જિબ્ભા (Gujarati)
ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ (Kannada)
जिब्भा (nominative singular)
जिब्भाओ (nominative plural)
जिब्भाउ (nominative plural)
जिब्भा (nominative plural)
जिब्भं (accusative singular)
जिब्भाओ (accusative plural)
जिब्भाउ (accusative plural)
जिब्भा (accusative plural)
जिब्भाए (instrumental singular)
जिब्भाइ (instrumental singular)
जिब्भाअ (instrumental singular)
जिब्भाहि (instrumental plural)
जिब्भाहिं (instrumental plural)
जिब्भाओ (ablative singular)
जिब्भाउ (ablative singular)
जिब्भाहिंतो (ablative plural)
जिब्भाए (genitive singular)
जिब्भाइ (genitive singular)
जिब्भाअ (genitive singular)
जिब्भाण (genitive plural)
जिब्भाणं (genitive plural)
जिब्भाए (locative singular)
जिब्भाइ (locative singular)
जिब्भाअ (locative singular)
जिब्भासु (locative plural)
जिब्भासुं (locative plural)
जिब्भे (singular vocative)
जिब्भा (singular vocative)
जिब्भाओ (plural vocative)
जिब्भाउ (plural vocative)
जिब्भा (plural vocative)
जिब्भा (nominative singular)
जिब्भाओ (nominative plural)
जिब्भा (nominative plural)
जिब्भं (accusative singular)
जिब्भाओ (accusative plural)
जिब्भा (accusative plural)
जिब्भाए (instrumental singular)
जिब्भाहिं (instrumental plural)
जिब्भादो (ablative singular)
जिब्भाए (ablative singular)
जिब्भाए (genitive singular)
जिब्भाणं (genitive plural)
जिब्भाए (locative singular)
जिब्भासु (locative plural)
जिब्भासुं (locative plural)
जिब्भे (singular vocative)
जिब्भाओ (plural vocative)
जिब्भा (plural vocative)

𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (“tongue”)


𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पित्तल</i>

pittala (romanization)
पित्तल (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindustani: pītal

Hindi: पीतल

desc

Urdu: پِیتَل

Urdu: پِیتَل

Eastern:

Bengali: পিতল (pitol)

Northern:

Nepali: पित्तल (pittal)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ਪਿੱਤਲ (pittal)

Southern:

Marathi: पितळ (pitaḷ)

Inherited from Sanskrit पित्तल (pittala).


𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">धिक्कार</i>

𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭 (dhikkāra) m (Devanagari धिक्कार)

dhikkāra (romanization)
धिक्कार (Devanagari)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: dhikār

Hindi: धिकार

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Urdu: دھِکار

Urdu: دھِکار

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ধিকাৰ (dhikar)

Odia: ଧିକାର (dhikāra), ଧିକ୍କାର (dhikkāra), ଧିକ୍କାରିବା (dhikkāribā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: धिकार (dhikār)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: dhikkār

Gurmukhi script: ਧਿੱਕਾਰ (dhikkār)

Shahmukhi script: دھِکّار (dhikkār)

⇒ Punjabi: dhikkārṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਧਿੱਕਾਰਣਾ (dhikkārṇā)

Shahmukhi script: دھکّارنا (dhkkārnā)

Sindhi: dhikāru

Arabic script: ڌِڪارُ

Devanagari script: धिकारु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: धिक्कार (dhikkār), धिक्कारणे (dhikkārṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ધિક્કાર (dhikkār), ધિક્કારવું (dhikkārvũ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit धिक् (dhik)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-der.
Sanskrit -कार (-kāra)
Sanskrit धिक्कार (dhikkāra)
Prakrit 𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭 (dhikkāra)
Inherited from Sanskrit धिक्कार (dhikkāra).


𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तुरुक्क</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತುರುಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (turukka) n (Devanagari तुरुक्क, Kannada ತುರುಕ್ಕ)

turukka (romanization)
तुरुक्क (Devanagari)
ತುರುಕ್ಕ (Kannada)


आसव

Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀲𑀯 (“distilled liquor”)


𑀆𑀲𑀯

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आसव</i>

Gujarati: આસવ (āsav)


𑀡𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णिड्ड</i>

ṇiḍḍa (romanization)
णिड्ड (Devanagari)
𑀡𑀻𑀟 (alternative)
𑀡𑁂𑀟 (alternative)
𑀡𑁂𑀟𑁆𑀟 (alternative)

Hindi: नीड़ (nīṛ)


𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गड्ड</i>

𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (gaḍḍa) m (Devanagari गड्ड, feminine 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀻)

gaḍḍa (romanization)
गड्ड (Devanagari)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 𑀻 (feminine)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: gāṛā, gāṛī

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Hindi: गाड़ा, गाड़ी

Hindi: गाड़ा, गाड़ी (see there for further descendants)

Urdu: گَاڑَا, گَاڑِی

Urdu: گَاڑَا, گَاڑِی

→ Punjabi: gāḍḍī, gaḍḍī, gaḍḍ, gaḍḍā, gaḍīrā

Gurmukhi script: ਗਾੱਡੀ, ਗੱਡੀ, ਗਾੱਡ, ਗੱਡਾ, ਗਦੀਰਾ

Shahmukhi script: گَاڈِّی, گَڈِّی, گَڈْ, گَڈَْا, گَڈِیرَا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: গাড়ী (gari)

Bengali: গাড়ি (gaṛi)

Bihari: गाड़ा (gāṛā), गाड़ी (gāṛī), गड़ी (gaṛī)

Maithili: गाड़ा (gāṛā), गाड़ी (gāṛī), गड़ी (gaṛī)

Odia: ଗାଦ଼ୀ, ଗଦ଼ା

Odia: ଗାଦ଼ୀ, ଗଦ଼ା

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: गाडा (gāḍā), गाडि (gāḍi)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda:

Hindko:

Southern Hindko: گڈی (gaḍī)

Saraiki: گَاڈِی (gāḍī), گَاݙَا (gāḏā), گَڈْ (gaḍ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: gāḍ̠o

Arabic script: گَاڏو

Devanagari script: गाॾो

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ගැළ (gæḷa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: गाडा (gāḍā), गाडी (gāḍī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ગાદું (gādũ), ગાડી (gāḍī), ગાડિદું (gāḍidũ)

From older *𑀕𑀸𑀟𑁆𑀟 (*gāḍḍa). Cognate with Kashmiri گٔڈؠ (gạḍ') and Torwali گاڑے (ɡaṛe). Possibly related further to *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀤 (*garda, “seat”), which is possibly from Sanskrit गर्त (gárta, “chariot seat”) or from Dravidian, whence Kannada ಗರ್ದುಗೆ (garduge), ಗದ್ದುಗೆ (gadduge) and Telugu గద్దె (gadde).


𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*कच्चहरिआ</i>

*𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) f (Devanagari *कच्चहरिआ)

कच्चहरिआ (Devanagari)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀑 (*kaccahariāo) (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀉 (*kaccahariāu) (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀅𑀁 (*kaccahariaṃ) (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀑 (*kaccahariāo) (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀉 (*kaccahariāu) (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀏 (*kaccahariāe) (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀇 (*kaccahariāi) (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀅 (*kaccahariāa) (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (*kaccahariāhi) (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (*kaccahariāhiṃ) (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀑 (*kaccahariāo) (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀉 (*kaccahariāu) (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (*kaccahariāhiṃto) (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀏 (*kaccahariāe) (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀇 (*kaccahariāi) (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀅 (*kaccahariāa) (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀡 (*kaccahariāṇa) (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (*kaccahariāṇaṃ) (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀏 (*kaccahariāe) (locative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀇 (*kaccahariāi) (locative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀅 (*kaccahariāa) (locative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (*kaccahariāsu) (locative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (*kaccahariāsuṃ) (locative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀏 (*kaccaharie) (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀑 (*kaccahariāo) (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀉 (*kaccahariāu) (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā) (plural vocative)

Assamese: কাচাৰী (kasari)

Bengali: কাছারী (kachari)

Hindustani: कचहरी / کَچَہْرِی (kacahrī) (see there for further descendants)

Maithili: कचहरी / 𑒏𑒔𑒯𑒩𑒲 (kacaharī)

Nepali: कचहरी (kacaharī)

Odia: କଚେରି (kaceri), କଚିରି (kaciri)

Punjabi: ਕਚਹਿਰੀ / کَچہری (kachirī)

Sindhi: ڪَچَهَريِ / कचहरी (kachaharī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-
Sanskrit कृ (kṛ)
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Sanskrit -य (-ya)
Sanskrit कृत्य (kṛtya)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀘 (kaca)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘 (kacca)
Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás
Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha)
Prakrit 𑀖𑀭 (ghara)
Prakrit -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-)
Prakrit *𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀆 (*kaccahariā)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘 (kacca) + 𑀖𑀭 (ghara) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कच्च</i>

kacca (romanization)
कच्च (Devanagari)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘 (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-
Sanskrit कृ (kṛ)
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Sanskrit -य (-ya)
Sanskrit कृत्य (kṛtya)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀘 (kaca)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘 (kacca)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀘 (kaca /kacca/), from Sanskrit कृत्य (kṛ́tya, “action”). Doublet of 𑀓𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘 (kicca, “to be done”).


𑀆𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀁𑀪

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*आच्छंभ</i>

*𑀆𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀁𑀪 (*ācchaṃbha) m (Devanagari *आच्छंभ)

Bengali: আচম্ভা (acombha)

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Gujarati: અચંબો (acambo), ઓચંબો (ocambo)

Hindustani: अचंभा / اچنبھا (acambhā)

Marathi: अचंबा (acambā)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

Perhaps from the same source as Pali 𑀙𑀫𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀢𑀺 (chambheti, “is stiff, petrified”), with the prefix 𑀆- (ā-). Turner suggests a relation with the Sanskrit 𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀪𑁆 (skabh, “to prop up”) root, from Proto-Indo-European *skebʰH- (“to support”), whence Vedic Sanskrit 𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀪 (skambhá, “pillar”) and 𑀆𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀪𑁆𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (ā́skabhnāti, “is fixed firmly”).
On the other hand, descendants appear to derive from *𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁𑀪 (*accaṃbha), for which compare also 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀬 (accabbhuya, “very wonderful”), from Sanskrit 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀤𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀢 (atyadbhuta).

आचंबणे

*𑀆𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀁𑀪𑀇 (*ācchaṃbhaï), *𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁𑀪𑀇 (*accaṃbhaï)


𑀞𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ठग</i>

ṭhaga (romanization)
ठग (Devanagari)
*𑀞𑀕𑁆𑀕 (alternative)
*𑀞𑀓𑁆𑀓 (alternative)
*𑀞𑀁𑀕 (alternative)

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Gujarati: ઠગ (ṭhag), ઠાંગું (ṭhā̃gũ, “knavery”)

Hindustani: ṭhag

Hindi: ठग (see there for further descendants)

Urdu: ٹھگ

Marathi: ठग (ṭhag), ठक (ṭhak)

Odia: ଠକ (ṭhaka)

Punjabi: ਠੱਗ (ṭhagga)

Unknown. Compare 𑀞𑀕𑁂𑀇 / 𑀞𑀏𑀇 (ṭhagei / ṭhaei, “to cover”), 𑀞𑀕𑀺𑀬 / 𑀞𑀇𑀅 (ṭhagiya / ṭhaïa, “covered, cheated”), 𑀠𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (ḍhakkaï, “to cover, shut”), and *𑀟𑀸𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*ḍākka, “robber”). Perhaps further from स्थग (sthaga, “cunning, sly”), from स्थग् (sthag, “to cover, hide”), though Turner considers this doubtful.
Dardic cognates include Shina [script needed] (ṭha̯g) and Kashmiri ٹھَگ (ṭhag).

𑀞𑀕𑀺𑀬

cheated; see there for further descendants


𑀆𑀟𑀼

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*आडु</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: āṛū

Hindi: आड़ू

Urdu: آڑُو

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: आड़ू (āṛū)

Nepali: आरु (āru)

Western Pahari:

Bhalesi dialect: [script needed] m (āru, “peach-tree”), [script needed] n (ārũ, “peach”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: [script needed] (āṛū-dāṛū)

Punjabi: āṛū

Gurmukhi script: ਆੜੂ

Shahmukhi script: آڑُو

Cognate with Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwk' /ālūg/, “plum, prune”) (whence Classical Persian آلُو (ālū)) and Ottoman Turkish اریك (erik, erük). Nuristani cognates include Ashkun arū́, Katë aŕū̃, and Waigali ā́rū̃, and Dardic cognates include Dameli âru, Pashayi arū́, Shumashti [script needed] (arū́), Gawar-Bati [script needed] (hā́rū), Kalasha ā́ru, Torwali [script needed] (ā), and Phalura ṓru. Ultimately a Wanderwort of unknown origin.


𑀓𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*किक्कर</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: kīkar, kīkaṛ, kīkrī

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Hindi: कीकर, कीकड़, कीकरी

Hindi: कीकर, कीकड़, कीकरी

Urdu: کیکر, کیکڑ, کیکری

Urdu: کیکر, کیکڑ, کیکری

→ English: kikar

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: ککر (kikkar), ککری f (kikkarī)

Punjabi: kikkar, kikkarī, kiṅgrī

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿੱਕਰ, ਕਿੱਕਰੀ, ਕਿੰਗਰੀ

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿੱਕਰ, ਕਿੱਕਰੀ, ਕਿੰਗਰੀ

Shahmukhi script: ککر, ککری, کنگری

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: किंकर (kiṅkar)

With lexicographic Sanskrit 𑀓𑀺𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸𑀮 (kiṅkarāla), 𑀓𑀺𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀸𑀮 (kiṅkirāla), of unknown and probably substrate origin.

babul (Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica)


𑀔𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">*खप्प</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: खाप / کھاپ (khāp, “sheath”)

⇒ Hindustani: खपाना / کھپانا (khapānā, “to sheathe, fit”), खपना / کھپنا (khapnā, “to be fitting”)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: খাপ (khap)

Bengali: খাপ (khap), খাপা (khapa)

Maithili: खाप (khāp), खप्पा (khappā)

Odia: ଖାପ (khāpa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: खाप्नु (khāpnu)

Borrowed from Dravidian, whence Telugu కప్పు (kappu, “to cover”), Tamil கப்பு (kappu, “to cover”), and Kannada ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu). Related to Sanskrit कवच (kavaca, “armour”).


𑀔𑀧𑁆𑀧

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: खोप / کھوپ (khop, “hole, cave”)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: খোব (khübo), খুপিয়া (khupia)

Odia: ଖୋପ (khopa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Nepali: खोप् (khop), खोपो (khopo), खोपि (khopi)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Lahnda: کھپا (khappā)

Punjabi: ਖੱਪਾ / کھپا (khappā)

Sindhi: [script needed] (khapu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: खाप f (khāp, “notch”), खोप (khop)

Borrowed from Dravidian, whence Kannada ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu, “hole in the ground, to dig”), ಗಬ್ಬರಿಸು (gabbarisu, “to dig, undermine”).


𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णीहार</i>

ṇīhāra (romanization)
णीहार (Devanagari)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)


𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">किरिआण</i>

kiriāṇa (romanization)
किरिआण (Devanagari)

Gujarati: કિરિયાણું (kiriyāṇũ)

Hindi: किराना (kirānā)

Marathi: किराणा (kirāṇā)

Punjabi: ਕਰਿਆਣਾ (kariāṇā)

Sindhi: [script needed] (kiryāṇo)

Urdu: کرانا (kirānā)

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्रयाणक (krayāṇaka). Doublet of 𑀓𑀬𑀸𑀡 (kayāṇa).


𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गब्भिणी</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ગબ્ભિણી</i>

𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (gabbhiṇī) f (Devanagari गब्भिणी, Gujarati ગબ્ભિણી)

gabbhiṇī (romanization)
गब्भिणी (Devanagari)
ગબ્ભિણી (Gujarati)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: गब्भिणी (gabbhiṇī) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ग॒र्भिणी॑ (garbhíṇī)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀪𑀺𑀦𑀻 (gabhinī)
Prakrit 𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀡𑀻 (gabbhiṇī)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀪𑀺𑀦𑀻 (gabhinī /gabbhinī/), from Sanskrit ग॒र्भिणी॑ (garbhíṇī).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “garbhíṇī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 217: “Pk. gabbhiṇī-”