See 𑀚𑁄𑀟 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-cen"
},
"expansion": "Central Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "जोड़"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: जोड़ (joṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: जोड़ (joṛ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "جوڑ"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: جوڑ (joṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: جوڑ (joṛ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sou"
},
"expansion": "Southern Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘕𑘻𑘚"
},
"expansion": "Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚 (joḍa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚 (joḍa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "जोड"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: जोड (joḍ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: जोड (joḍ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-wes"
},
"expansion": "Western Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "જોડ"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: જોડ (joḍ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: જોડ (joḍ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "జోడు",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: జోడు (jōḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: జోడు (jōḍu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "pra>𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇>join",
"id": "pair",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)\nDeverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei). Compare 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined”), with semantically overlapping descendants.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joḍa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "जोड",
"tags": [
"Devanagari"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Devanagari",
"4": "<i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"pra\">जोड</i>",
"5": "",
"6": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"brah": "",
"deva": "",
"f": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"knda": "",
"m": "",
"n": "",
"pos": "noun",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "joṛā",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"word": "Hindi: जोड़ा→ Pashto: جوړه"
},
{
"roman": "joṛā",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
],
"word": "جوڑا"
},
{
"roman": "jōṭi",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"word": "Hindi: जोड़ी→ English: jodi→ Malayalam: ജോഡി→ Tamil: ஜோடி"
},
{
"roman": "joṛī",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
],
"word": "جوڑِی"
},
{
"roman": "j̈oḍā",
"sense": "*𑀚𑁄𑀟𑀓 (*joḍa-ka)",
"tags": [
"Marathi"
],
"word": "जोडा"
},
{
"roman": "yoṭaka",
"sense": "*𑀚𑁄𑀟𑀓 (*joḍa-ka)",
"word": "→ Sanskrit: योटक"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pair, union"
],
"id": "en-𑀚𑁄𑀟-pra-noun-eKhfkLFS",
"links": [
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"union",
"union"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "𑀚𑁄𑀟"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "pra>𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇>join",
"id": "pair",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)\nDeverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei). Compare 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined”), with semantically overlapping descendants.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joḍa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "जोड",
"tags": [
"Devanagari"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Devanagari",
"4": "<i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"pra\">जोड</i>",
"5": "",
"6": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"brah": "",
"deva": "",
"f": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"knda": "",
"m": "",
"n": "",
"pos": "noun",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pra",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "pra:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 51 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"constellation"
],
"id": "en-𑀚𑁄𑀟-pra-noun-miWPCgos",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"constellation",
"constellation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) constellation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pra",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "pra:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 51 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 41 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Prakrit deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 41 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Prakrit entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 35 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Prakrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 29 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Prakrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"name of a disease"
],
"id": "en-𑀚𑁄𑀟-pra-noun-1jD42GE-",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) name of a disease"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "𑀚𑁄𑀟"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Prakrit deverbals",
"Prakrit entries with etymology trees",
"Prakrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Prakrit feminine nouns",
"Prakrit lemmas",
"Prakrit masculine nouns",
"Prakrit nouns",
"Prakrit nouns in Brahmi script",
"Prakrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Prakrit terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Prakrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-",
"Prakrit terms derived from the Sanskrit root युज्",
"Prakrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Prakrit terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Prakrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "joṛā",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"word": "Hindi: जोड़ा→ Pashto: جوړه"
},
{
"roman": "joṛā",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
],
"word": "جوڑا"
},
{
"roman": "j̈oḍā",
"sense": "*𑀚𑁄𑀟𑀓 (*joḍa-ka)",
"tags": [
"Marathi"
],
"word": "जोडा"
},
{
"roman": "yoṭaka",
"sense": "*𑀚𑁄𑀟𑀓 (*joḍa-ka)",
"word": "→ Sanskrit: योटक"
},
{
"roman": "jōṭi",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"word": "Hindi: जोड़ी→ English: jodi→ Malayalam: ജോഡി→ Tamil: ஜோடி"
},
{
"roman": "joṛī",
"sense": "Hindustani",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
],
"word": "جوڑِی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-cen"
},
"expansion": "Central Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "जोड़"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: जोड़ (joṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: जोड़ (joṛ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "جوڑ"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: جوڑ (joṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: جوڑ (joṛ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sou"
},
"expansion": "Southern Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘕𑘻𑘚"
},
"expansion": "Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚 (joḍa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚 (joḍa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "जोड"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: जोड (joḍ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: जोड (joḍ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-wes"
},
"expansion": "Western Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "જોડ"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: જોડ (joḍ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: જોડ (joḍ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "జోడు",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: జోడు (jōḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: జోడు (jōḍu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "pra>𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇>join",
"id": "pair",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)\nDeverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei). Compare 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined”), with semantically overlapping descendants.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joḍa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "जोड",
"tags": [
"Devanagari"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Devanagari",
"4": "<i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"pra\">जोड</i>",
"5": "",
"6": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"brah": "",
"deva": "",
"f": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"knda": "",
"m": "",
"n": "",
"pos": "noun",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) f (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pair, union"
],
"links": [
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"union",
"union"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "𑀚𑁄𑀟"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Prakrit deverbals",
"Prakrit entries with etymology trees",
"Prakrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Prakrit feminine nouns",
"Prakrit lemmas",
"Prakrit masculine nouns",
"Prakrit nouns",
"Prakrit nouns in Brahmi script",
"Prakrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Prakrit terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Prakrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-",
"Prakrit terms derived from the Sanskrit root युज्",
"Prakrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Prakrit terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Prakrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "pra>𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇>join",
"id": "pair",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yewg-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *yugtós\nSanskrit युक्त (yukta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)\nPrakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)\nDeverbal from 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei). Compare 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined”), with semantically overlapping descendants.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joḍa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "जोड",
"tags": [
"Devanagari"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Devanagari",
"4": "<i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"pra\">जोड</i>",
"5": "",
"6": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"brah": "",
"deva": "",
"f": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"knda": "",
"m": "",
"n": "",
"pos": "noun",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa) m (Devanagari जोड)",
"name": "pra-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pra:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"constellation"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"constellation",
"constellation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) constellation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pra:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"name of a disease"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) name of a disease"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "𑀚𑁄𑀟"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 𑀚𑁄𑀟 meaning in Prakrit (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Prakrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.