𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅

pahia (romanization)
पहिअ (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀺𑀢 (prathita).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “prathita”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 488: “Pk. pahia- 'spread, published, well-known'”


𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पहिअ</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀳𑀺𑀢 (prahita).


𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">संवट्टेइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಂವಟ್ಟೇಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀇 (saṃvaṭṭei) (Devanagari संवट्टेइ, Kannada ಸಂವಟ್ಟೇಇ) (transitive)

saṃvaṭṭei (romanization)
संवट्टेइ (Devanagari)
ಸಂವಟ್ಟೇಇ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: (intr.) सिमटना (simaṭnā), सिमिटना (simiṭnā), (tr.) समेटना (sameṭnā)

Urdu: (intr.) سِمَٹْنَا (simaṭnā), (tr.) سَمیٹْنَا (sameṭnā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: समेट्नु (sameṭnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਸਮੇਟਣਾ (sameṭṇā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: समेटणे (sameṭṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સમેટવું (sameṭvũ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-
Sanskrit सम्- (sam-)
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)
Sanskrit संवृत् (saṃvṛt)
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)
Sanskrit संवर्तयति (saṃvartayati)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀇 (saṃvaṭṭei)
Inherited from Sanskrit संवर्तयति (saṃvartayati, “to cause to turn; to clench, wrap up”), from the root संवृत् (saṃvṛt), from सं- (saṃ-) + वृत् (vṛt).
Compare the related 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (saṃvuṭṭa), 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (saṃvutta), from Sanskrit संवृत्त (saṃvṛtta, “approached; happened”). Descendants may be influenced by Sanskrit संवेष्टयति (saṃveṣṭayati, “to wrap up, wind around”).


𑀳𑀭𑀺𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हरिण</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit हरिण (hariṇa, “deer”).


𑀧𑀽𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पूर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪೂರ</i>

𑀧𑀽𑀭 (pūra) m (Devanagari पूर, Kannada ಪೂರ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pūra (romanization)
पूर (Devanagari)
ಪೂರ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit पूर (pūra, “filling; flood”).


𑀧𑀽𑀭

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𑀧𑀽𑀭 (pūra) (Devanagari पूर, Kannada ಪೂರ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

𑀧𑀽𑀭𑀬

filling; see there for further descendants


𑀧𑀽𑀭

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: पूरी f (pūrī), पूड़ी f (pūṛī)

desc

Urdu: پُورِی f (pūrī), پُوڑِی f (pūṛī)

Urdu: پُورِی f (pūrī), پُوڑِی f (pūṛī)

Old Awadhi: पूरी f (pūrī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: পুর (pur), পুরি (puri)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਪੂਰੀ f (pūrī), ਪੂਡ਼ੀ f (pūṛī)

Sindhi: پﯘريِ f (pūrī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: पुरी f (purī)

Inherited from Sanskrit पूर (pūra, “cake”). Descendants with retroflexion may be influenced by or conflated with an extended form of Sanskrit अपूप (apūpá).


दस्सण

dassaṇa (romanization)
दस्सणं (nominative singular)
दस्सणाइं (nominative plural)
दस्सणाइ (nominative plural)
दस्सणं (accusative singular)
दस्सणाइं (accusative plural)
दस्सणाइ (accusative plural)
दस्सणेण (instrumental singular)
दस्सणेणं (instrumental singular)
दस्सणेहि (instrumental plural)
दस्सणेहिं (instrumental plural)
दस्सणाअ (dative singular)
दस्सणाओ (ablative singular)
दस्सणाउ (ablative singular)
दस्सणा (ablative singular)
दस्सणाहि (ablative singular)
दस्सणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
दस्सणस्स (genitive singular)
दस्सणाण (genitive plural)
दस्सणाणं (genitive plural)
दस्सणम्मि (locative singular)
दस्सणे (locative singular)
दस्सणेसु (locative plural)
दस्सणेसुं (locative plural)
दस्सण (singular vocative)
दस्सणा (singular vocative)
दस्सणाइं (plural vocative)
दस्सणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡#Prakrit


दरिसण

darisaṇa (romanization)
दरिसणं (nominative singular)
दरिसणाइं (nominative plural)
दरिसणाइ (nominative plural)
दरिसणं (accusative singular)
दरिसणाइं (accusative plural)
दरिसणाइ (accusative plural)
दरिसणेण (instrumental singular)
दरिसणेणं (instrumental singular)
दरिसणेहि (instrumental plural)
दरिसणेहिं (instrumental plural)
दरिसणाअ (dative singular)
दरिसणाओ (ablative singular)
दरिसणाउ (ablative singular)
दरिसणा (ablative singular)
दरिसणाहि (ablative singular)
दरिसणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
दरिसणस्स (genitive singular)
दरिसणाण (genitive plural)
दरिसणाणं (genitive plural)
दरिसणम्मि (locative singular)
दरिसणे (locative singular)
दरिसणेसु (locative plural)
दरिसणेसुं (locative plural)
दरिसण (singular vocative)
दरिसणा (singular vocative)
दरिसणाइं (plural vocative)
दरिसणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡#Prakrit


दंसण

daṃsaṇa (romanization)
दंसणं (nominative singular)
दंसणाइं (nominative plural)
दंसणाइ (nominative plural)
दंसणं (accusative singular)
दंसणाइं (accusative plural)
दंसणाइ (accusative plural)
दंसणेण (instrumental singular)
दंसणेणं (instrumental singular)
दंसणेहि (instrumental plural)
दंसणेहिं (instrumental plural)
दंसणाअ (dative singular)
दंसणाओ (ablative singular)
दंसणाउ (ablative singular)
दंसणा (ablative singular)
दंसणाहि (ablative singular)
दंसणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
दंसणस्स (genitive singular)
दंसणाण (genitive plural)
दंसणाणं (genitive plural)
दंसणम्मि (locative singular)
दंसणे (locative singular)
दंसणेसु (locative plural)
दंसणेसुं (locative plural)
दंसण (singular vocative)
दंसणा (singular vocative)
दंसणाइं (plural vocative)
दंसणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡#Prakrit


𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दस्सण</i>

dassaṇa (romanization)
दस्सण (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Sindhi: ḍ̠asiṇī

Arabic script: ڏَسِڻِي

Devanagari script: ॾसिणी

Khudabadi script: 𑋉𑋝𑋡𑋌𑋢

Sinhalese: දසුන (dasuna)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀤𑀭𑁆𑀰𑀦 (dárśana). Cognate with Pali dassana. Doublet of 𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡 (darisaṇa)

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dárśana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 355: “Pk. dassaṇa-, daṁsaṇa-, darisaṇa- n.”


𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दंसण</i>

daṃsaṇa (romanization)
दंसण (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)


𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡

Inherited from Sanskrit दर्शन (darśana).

𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 (dassaṇa, “seeing, viewing; eye”)


𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दरिसण</i>

darisaṇa (romanization)
दरिसण (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit दर्शन (darśana). Cognate with Pali dassana. Doublet of 𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 (dassaṇa), 𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡 (daṃsaṇa)

𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀡#Prakrit


𑀳𑀮

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हल</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">હલ</i>

𑀳𑀮 (hala) n (Devanagari हल, Gujarati હલ)

hala (romanization)
हल (Devanagari)
હલ (Gujarati)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: हल (hal)

Urdu: ہل (hal)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: হাল (hal)

Bengali: হাল (hal)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: हर (har)

Maithili: हर (har)

Odia: ହଳ (haḷa)

Sylheti: ꠀꠟ (ál)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: හල (hala)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਹਲ਼ (haḷ)

Sindhi: هَرُ (haru)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: हल (hal)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: હળ (haḷ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁ol-
Sanskrit हल (hala)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀮 (hala)
Inherited from Sanskrit हल (hala, “plough”).


𑀘𑀯𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: चैली (cailī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चैला (cailā), चैली (cailī)

desc

→ Marathi: चैली (ċailī, “chip or shaving”)

Urdu: چَیلَا (cailā), چَیلِی (cailī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: चैला (cailā), चैली (cailī)

Maithili: चैली (cailī), >? चेलखी (cēlᵊkhī), >? चेरी (cērī)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: चोइलो (coilo), चोइलि (coili)

Unknown. Turner compares to Nepali चोयो (coyo, “split cane for making nets”), Sindhi [script needed] (coī, “framework with nets attached for catching fish”). Compare also Sanskrit चीर (cīra, “strip of bark, cloth”), Prakrit *𑀘𑀯 (*cava, “point or blade of plough”) (> Hindi चौ (cau)).


𑀓𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">करवाल</i>

karavāla (romanization)
करवाल (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: करवार (karvār)

Braj: करवार (karvār)

Hindustani:

Hindi: करवाल (karvāl), करवार (karvār)

desc

Urdu: کَرْوَال (karvāl), کَرْوَار (karvār)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: करुआर (karuār, “oar”)

Maithili: करुआर (karuār)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: (or borrowed from Hindi) કરવાલ (karvāl)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *kay?
Proto-Dravidian *wāḷ?
Sanskrit करवाल (karavāla)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀮 (karavāla)
Inherited from Sanskrit करवाल (karavāla, “sword”); see there for more.


𑀧𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀸

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पिवासा</i>

pivāsā (romanization)
पिवासा (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: प्यास (pyās)
→ Kashmiri:
Devanagari script: प्यास (pyās)
Arabic script: پیاس (pyās)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਆਸ (piāsa)
Shahmukhi script: پِیَاس (piyās)
→ Sindhi:
Devanagari script: पिआस (piāsa)
Arabic script: پِئاسَ (piāsa)

Urdu: پْیَاس (pyās)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: পিয়াস (piẏaś)

Bihari:

desc

Bhojpuri: पियास (piyās), पिआस (piās), प्यास (pyās)

desctree

Early Assamese: পিয়াস (piyaso)
Assamese: পিয়াহ (piah)

Odia: ପିଆସ (piāsa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: पियास (piyās)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: प्यास (pyās)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: પ્યાસ (pyās)

Mewati: पिस (pis)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
Sanskrit पिपासा (pipāsā)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀸 (pivāsā)
Inherited from Sanskrit पिपासा (pipāsā, “thirst”).


𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पित्तिय</i>

𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (pittiya) m (Devanagari पित्तिय)

pittiya (romanization)
पित्तिय (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit पित्र्य (pitrya); related to 𑀧𑀺𑀉 (piu, “father”).


𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬

pittiya (romanization)
पित्तिय (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit *पित्तिक (pittika) (compare पैत्तिक (paittika)). By surface analysis, पित्त (pitta, “bile”) + -इय (-iya, relational). Cognate with Pali pittika.


𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सोण्ण</i>

sŏṇṇa (romanization)
सोण्ण (Devanagari)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Marathi: सोने (sone)

Punjabi: ਸੋਨਾ (sonā)

Nepali: सुन (suna)

Gujarati: સોનું (sonũ)

Odia: ସୁନା (sunā)

Bengali: সোনা (śōna)

Assamese: সোণ (xün)

Inherited from Sanskrit सौवर्ण (sauvarṇa).


𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀟𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विहडइ</i>

vihaḍaï (romanization)
विहडइ (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: बिगड़ना (bigaṛnā)
→ Gujarati: બગડવું (bagaḍvũ)

Urdu: بِگَڑْنَا (bigaṛnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: বিগৰ (bigor)

Bengali: বিগড়ানো (bigṛanō)

Odia: ବିଗଡ଼ିବା (bigaṛibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Nepali: बिग्रनु (bigranu), बिग्रिनु (bigrinu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਵਿਗਡ਼ਣਾ (vigṛaṇā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘤𑘱𑘑𑘚𑘜𑘹 (bighaḍaṇe)

Marathi: बिघडणे (bighaḍṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: विहडइ (vihaḍaï)

Prakrit verb set
 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀟𑀇 (vihaḍaï)
 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀟𑁂𑀇 (vihaḍei)
 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀟𑁂𑀇 (vihāḍei)
Etymology tree
Sanskrit विघटते (vighaṭate)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀟𑀇 (vihaḍaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit विघटते (vighaṭate, “to be marred, broken”).


𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पट्ट</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: पाट (pāṭ), पाट्टा (pāṭṭā), पाट्टी (pāṭṭī), पट्टा (paṭṭā)

Urdu: پاٹ (pāṭ), پاٹَا (pāṭā), پاٹِّی (pāṭṭī), پَٹّا (paṭṭā)

⇒ Hindustani:

Hindi: पाटना (pāṭnā)

Urdu: پاٹنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: পাট (pat), পাটা (pata)

Bengali: পাট (paṭ), পাটা (paṭa), পাটি (paṭi)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: पाट (pāṭ), पाटी (pāṭī), पट्टा (paṭṭā)

Maithili: पाट (pāṭ), पाट्टा (pāṭṭā)

Odia: ପାଟ (pāṭa), ପାଟି (pāṭi), ପଟା (paṭā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: පට (paṭa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: पाटो (pāṭo), पाटी (pāṭī)

Nepali: पाटो (pāṭo), पाटि (pāṭi)

⇒ Nepali: पटाउनु (paṭāunu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਟ (paṭṭa), ਪੱਟਾ (paṭṭā), ਪੱਟੀ (paṭṭī)

Shahmukhi script: پَٹّ (paṭṭ), پَٹّا (paṭṭā), پَٹِّی (paṭṭiī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: پَٽو (paṭo), پَٽِ (paṭi), پَٽِي (paṭī)

Devanagari script: पटो (paṭo), पटि (paṭi), पटी (paṭī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: पाट (pāṭ), पाट्टा (pāṭṭā), पाट्टी (pāṭṭī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: पाटीउं (pāṭīuṃ)

Gujarati: પાટ (pāṭ), પાટલો (pāṭlo), પાટો (pāṭo), પાટિયું (pāṭiyũ), પાટડો (pāṭḍo), પાટડી (pāṭḍī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peth₂-
Sanskrit पत् (pat)
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Sanskrit -त्र (-tra)
Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra)?
Sanskrit पट्ट (paṭṭa)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝 (paṭṭa)
Inherited from Sanskrit पट्ट (paṭṭa, “slab, tablet”).

inh+

plank, tablet, slab, board (e.g. made of stone)


𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: पट (paṭ), पट्टू (paṭṭū), पट्टी (paṭṭī), पटका (paṭkā)

Urdu: پَٹ (paṭ), پَٹُّو (paṭṭū), پَٹِّی (paṭṭī), پَٹْکا (paṭkā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: পাট (pat)

Bengali: পাট (paṭ)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: पटुआ (paṭuā)

Odia: ପାଟ (pāṭa), ପଟା (paṭā), ପାଟା (pāṭā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: ފަށުއި (faṣui), ފަށުވި (faṣuvi), ފަށޫ (faṣū) — Fuvahmulah, Addu

Sinhalese: පට (paṭa), පටිය (paṭiya)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Bhadrawahi: पैट्टु (pεṭṭu)

Kumaoni: पाट (pāṭ)

Nepali: पाट (pāṭ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਟ (paṭṭa), ਪੱਟੀ (paṭṭī)

Shahmukhi script: پَٹّ (paṭṭ), پَٹِّی (paṭṭiī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: پَٽُو (paṭū), پَٽُون (paṭū̃), پَٽو (paṭo), پَٽِّي (paṭṭī)

Devanagari script: पटू (paṭū), पटूं (paṭū̃), पटो (paṭo), पट्टी (paṭṭī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: पाट्टो (pāṭṭo)

Latin script: patto

Kannada script: ಪಾಟ್ಟೊ (pāṭṭo)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: પાટ (pāṭ), પાટ્ટો (pāṭṭo), પાટ્ટી (pāṭṭī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.?
Sanskrit पट (paṭa)?
Sanskrit पट्ट (paṭṭa)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝 (paṭṭa)
Inherited from Sanskrit पट्ट (paṭṭa, “woven cloth, silk”).


𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">लवंग</i>

lavaṃga (romanization)
लवंग (Devanagari)

Apabhramsa: लवंग (lavaṃga)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Braj: लौंग (lauṅg)

Bundeli: लोंग (loṅg)

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: लौंग (lauṅg)
→ Pashto: لونګ (lawong)

Urdu: لَونْگ (lauṅg)

Kannauji: लौंग

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: লং (loṅ)
Naga Pidgin: long

Bengali: লং (loṅ)

Odia: ଲଙ୍ଗ (laṅga)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: ल्वाङ (lwāṅ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲੌਂਗ (lauṅg)

Shahmukhi script: لَونْگ (laung)

Sindhic:

Sindhi: lauṅgu

Arabic script: لَوْنگُ

Devanagari script: लौंगु

Khudabadi script: 𑋚𑋨𑋟𑊼𑋣

Kachchi: lavaṅg

Gujarati script: લવંગ

Khudabadi script: 𑋚𑋛𑋟𑊼

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: lavaṅga

Devanagari script: लवंग

Modi script: 𑘩𑘪𑘽𑘐

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: લવિંગ (laviṅg)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit लवङ्ग (lavaṅga)
Prakrit 𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀕 (lavaṃga)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀮𑀯𑀗𑁆𑀕 (lavaṅga, “clove”), borrowed from Malayo-Polynesian. Cognate with Pali lavaṅga.

inh+

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


𑀯𑀸𑀇𑀁𑀕𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वाइंगण</i>

vāiṃgaṇa (romanization)
वाइंगण (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Deccani: بَیگَن (baigan)

desctree

Hindi: बैंगन (baiṅgan)
→ Fijian: baigani
→ Guyanese Creole English: baigan
→? Santali: ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱟᱲ (bẽgaṛ)

Urdu: بَین٘گَن (baiṅgan)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: বেগুন (begun)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बैगन (baigan)

Middle Assamese: বেঙ্গনা (beṅgona)
Assamese: বেঙেনা (beṅena)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: बैगुन (baiguna)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਬੈਂਗਣ (baiṅgaṇ), >? ਬਤਾਊਂ (batāū̃)

Shahmukhi script: بینگݨ (baiṅgaṇ), >? بتاؤں (btā'oṉ)

>? Saraiki: وَتاؤُں (vatāūṉ) (unexpected retention of -t-)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: वांगे (vāṅge)

Konkani: वांगी (vāṅgī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: વેંગણ (veṅgaṇ)

→ Sanskrit: वङ्गन (vaṅgana)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtVder.
Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀇𑀁𑀕𑀡 (vāiṃgaṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa).

inh+

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

aubergine, eggplant, Solanum melongena (tree and fruit)


𑀑𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ओकड्ढ</i>

okaḍḍha (romanization)
ओकड्ढ (Devanagari)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: ओडप (oḍap)

Kannada script: ಒಡಪ್ (oḍap)

Latin script: oddop

Marathi: ओढणे (oḍhṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ઓડવું (oḍavũ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अवकृष्ट (avakṛṣṭa)
Prakrit 𑀑𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠 (okaḍḍha)
Inherited from Sanskrit अवकृष्ट (avakṛṣṭa, “dragged down”), from अव- (ava-) + कृष्ट (kṛṣṭa), with the same irregular voicing as in 𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (kaḍḍhaï, “to pull”); see there for more discussion. By surface analysis, 𑀑- (o-) + 𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (kaḍḍhaï). Cognate with Pali okaḍḍhati, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit ओकड्ढ (okaḍḍha).


𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गीवा</i>

gīvā (romanization)
गीवा (Devanagari)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂
Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH
Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā)
Prakrit 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (gīvā)Inherited from Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā). Cognate with Pali gīvā.


गीवा

head

गीवा (gīvā) f

pra-head

गीवा (gīvā) f

pra-noun

गीवा (gīvā) f

gīvā (romanization)
गीवा (nominative singular)
गीवाओ (nominative plural)
गीवाउ (nominative plural)
गीवा (nominative plural)
गीवं (accusative singular)
गीवाओ (accusative plural)
गीवाउ (accusative plural)
गीवा (accusative plural)
गीवाए (instrumental singular)
गीवाइ (instrumental singular)
गीवाअ (instrumental singular)
गीवाहि (instrumental plural)
गीवाहिं (instrumental plural)
गीवाओ (ablative singular)
गीवाउ (ablative singular)
गीवाहिंतो (ablative plural)
गीवाए (genitive singular)
गीवाइ (genitive singular)
गीवाअ (genitive singular)
गीवाण (genitive plural)
गीवाणं (genitive plural)
गीवाए (locative singular)
गीवाइ (locative singular)
गीवाअ (locative singular)
गीवासु (locative plural)
गीवासुं (locative plural)
गीवे (singular vocative)
गीवा (singular vocative)
गीवाओ (plural vocative)
गीवाउ (plural vocative)
गीवा (plural vocative)

𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸#Prakrit


𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कड्ढइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಡ್ಢಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (kaḍḍhaï) (Devanagari कड्ढइ, Kannada ಕಡ್ಢಇ) (transitive)

kaḍḍhaï (romanization)
कड्ढइ (Devanagari)
ಕಡ್ಢಇ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Hindi: काढना (kāḍhanā)
Hindustani:
Hindi: काढ़ना (kāṛhnā)
Urdu: کَاڑْھنَا (kāṛhnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: কঢ়া (korha)

Bengali: কাড়া (kaṛa)

Maithili:

Devanagari script: काढ़ब (kāṛhab)

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒜𑓃𑒥 (kāṛhaba)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠠꠣ (xaṛa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: काढ्नु (kāḍhnu)

desc

>? Mahasu Pahari: गढ़नों (gaṛhnõ, “to take out”), गड़नों (gaṛnõ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਕਢਿ (kaḍhi /kaḍḍhi/)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਢਣਾ (kaḍḍhaṇā)
Shahmukhi script: کَڈّھݨا (kaḍḍhṇā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَڍَڻُ (kaḍhaṇu)

Devanagari script: कढणु (kaḍhaṇu)

Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋋𑋌𑋣 (kaḍhaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

desc

Devanagari script: काढणे (kāḍhaṇe), काहाडणे (kāhāḍaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘛𑘜𑘹 (kāḍhaṇe), 𑘎𑘰𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘜𑘹 (kāhāḍaṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: काढी (kāḍhī, “taken out”, past participle, nominative singular feminine)

Gujarati: કાઢવું (kāḍhvũ)

→? Dardic:

Phalura: gaḍíi (“to pull”)

Kalami: [script needed] (gaḍh, “pull!”, imperative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷels-
Sanskrit कृष् (kṛṣ)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit कृष्ट (kṛṣṭa)?
Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)?
Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (kaḍḍhaï)
Denominal verb from Sanskrit कृष्ट (kṛṣṭa, “drawn, ploughed”) + Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï). Cognate with Pali kaḍḍhati, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit कट्टति (kaṭṭati), Gandhari 𐨀𐨂𐨬𐨐𐨝𐨡𐨁 (uvakaḍhadi, “to drag along”). This verb has almost wholly displaced Sanskrit कर्षति (karṣati, “to pull”) in Middle Indo-Aryan.
Further discussion
Bloch and Hoernlé already note that the cluster -ḍḍh- has seemingly undergone irregular voicing; the expected form is *kaṭṭhaï. Other examples of such unexpected voicing are Prakrit 𑀤𑀸𑀠𑀸 (dāḍhā, “beard”), Ashokan Prakrit 𑀘𑀖𑀢𑀺 (caghati, “to be able to”); among Pali scholars this phenomenon has usually been thought of as a dialectal feature restricted to the East (while in this case it is universal), leading to Lüders and Turner rejecting the etymology. Tedesco pushes back and argues for generalisation of a dialectal development citing parallels like Prakrit 𑀧𑀠𑀫 (paḍhama, “first”) (but note that this is actually expected voicing), and is supported by von Hinüber and Oberlies.
Some scholars attempt to sidestep Sanskrit and trace the word directly to Proto-Indo-European. Gray claims derivation from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be tall; hill”), with cognates such as English hale (“to pull, drag”), but this etymology seems unjustified given the lack of any cognates with the same extension. Bloomfield suggests -d- extension of some Indo-European root which gives a retroflex in Sanskrit when preceded by a sibilant (as in Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-d- (“to laud”) > Sanskrit ईड् (īḍ)), but no semantically plausible root is to be found.
Compare also Kalami [script needed] (gaḍh, “pull!”), Phalura gaḍíi (“to pull”), Mahasu Pahari गढ़नों (gaṛhnõ), गड़नों (gaṛnõ, “to take out”). Tedesco supposes these are later developments and not indicative of a substrate source.


𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चिबुअ</i>

cibua (romanization)
चिबुअ (Devanagari)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

desc

Kumaoni: छ्यून, छ्यौंन

Kumaoni: छ्यून, छ्यौंन (< *chibuṇṭa-)

Nepali: चिउँडो (ciũḍo) (< *cibuṇṭa-)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit चिबुक (cibuka)
Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅 (cibua)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀓 (cibuka).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cibuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 262: “Pk. cibua- n. 'tongue'”

c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, कुमा 2.9


चिबुअ

cibua (romanization)
चिबुअं (nominative singular)
चिबुआइं (nominative plural)
चिबुआइ (nominative plural)
चिबुअं (accusative singular)
चिबुआइं (accusative plural)
चिबुआइ (accusative plural)
चिबुएण (instrumental singular)
चिबुएणं (instrumental singular)
चिबुएहि (instrumental plural)
चिबुएहिं (instrumental plural)
चिबुआअ (dative singular)
चिबुआओ (ablative singular)
चिबुआउ (ablative singular)
चिबुआ (ablative singular)
चिबुआहि (ablative singular)
चिबुआहिंतो (ablative singular)
चिबुअस्स (genitive singular)
चिबुआण (genitive plural)
चिबुआणं (genitive plural)
चिबुअम्मि (locative singular)
चिबुए (locative singular)
चिबुएसु (locative plural)
चिबुएसुं (locative plural)
चिबुअ (singular vocative)
चिबुआ (singular vocative)
चिबुआइं (plural vocative)
चिबुआइ (plural vocative)

𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅 𑀘𑀺𑀩𑀼𑀅#Prakrit


𑀓𑀠𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कढइ</i>

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Maithili: काढ़ाएब (kāṛhāēb) (transitive)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਡ਼੍ਹਣਾ (kaṛhṇā), ਕਾਡ਼੍ਹਣਾ (kāṛhṇā) (transitive)

Saraiki: کَڑھَݨ (kaṛhaṇ)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَڙْهَڻُ (kaṛhaṇu), ڪاڙَهڻُ (kāṛhaṇu) (transitive)

Devanagari script: कढ़णु (kaṛhaṇu), काढ़णु (kāṛhaṇu) (transitive)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: कड्चे (kaḍce)

Old Marathi: कढणे (kaḍhaṇe)

Marathi: कढणे (kaḍhṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: કઢવું (kaḍhvũ)

→ Dardic:

Kashmiri: कारुन् (kārun)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et-
Sanskrit क्वथते (kvathate)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀠𑀇 (kaḍhaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit क्वथते (kvathate), क्वथति (kvathati), with spontaneous retroflexion.

उकडणे

Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘎𑘚𑘜𑘹 (ukaḍaṇe), 𑘄𑘎𑘛𑘜𑘹 (ukaḍhaṇe)


𑀓𑀸𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">काल</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: करिआ (kariā)

Domaaki: کال (kāla)

Hindustani:

Hindi: काला (kālā), कालिया (kāliyā)

desc

Urdu: کَالَا (kālā), کَالِیَا (kāliyā)

Urdu: کَالَا (kālā), کَالِیَا (kāliyā)

desctree

Romani: kalo
Angloromani: kalo, kala, kali, kalli, kallo, kawla, kawlo, kawlu, kora, kowlo, kula
Caló: caló (“tanned, dark-skinned; Romani”)
→ Catalan: caló, calé
→ Portuguese: caló, calão
→ Spanish: caló

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ক’লা (kola)

Bengali: কালো (kalō), কালা (kala)

Bihari:

desc

Bhojpuri: कारी (kārī), करिया (kariyā), करिआ (kariā)

Magahi: करिआ (kariā)

Maithili: कारी (kārī), कारि (kārɨ), करिया (kariyā)

Odia: କଲା (kalā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: ކަޅު (kaḷu)

Sinhalese: කළු (kaḷu), කැලි (kæli)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: कालो (kālo), काव (kāw)

Nepali: कालो (kālo)

Bhadrawahi: काओ (kāo)

Jaunsari: कावो (kāvo)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਲ਼ਾ (kāḷā)

Shahmukhi script: کالا (kālā)

Saraiki: کالا (kālā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪارو (kāro)

Devanagari script: कारो (kāro)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: kāḷễ, kāḷo

Devanagari script: काळें, काळो

Kannada script: ಕಾಳೆಂ, ಕಾಳೊ

Latin script: kallem, kallo

Marathi: काळा (kāḷā)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાળું (kāḷũ), કાળિયું (kāḷiyũ)

Maranao: काळो

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *kārder.
Sanskrit काल (kāla)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)
Inherited from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black, dark blue”).


𑀓𑀸𑀮

Central Indo-Aryan:

Romani: kal

Hindustani:

Hindi: काल (kāl), काला (kālā)

Urdu: کَال (kāl), کَالَا (kālā)

→ Maithili: काल (kāl)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: কাল (kal)

Bengali: কাল (kal)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄣𑄴 (kāl)

Odia: କାଳ (kāḷa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: काळ (kāḷ)

desc

Kumaoni: काल (kāl), काव (kāw), कार (kār)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: काल (kāl)

Western Pahari:

Pangwali: काल (kāl)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਲ (kāl)

Shahmukhi script: کَال (kāl)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَالُ (kālu)

Devanagari script: कालु (kālu)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: කල (kala)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: kāḷu

Devanagari script: काळु

Kannada script: ಕಾಳು

Latin script: kallu

Marathi: काळ (kāḷ)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાળ (kāḷ)

Old Marwari: काल (kāl)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit काल (kāla)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), from Sanskrit काल (kālá, “time”).


मच्छिआ

macchiā (romanization)
मच्छिआ (nominative singular)
मच्छिआओ (nominative plural)
मच्छिआउ (nominative plural)
मच्छिआ (nominative plural)
मच्छिअं (accusative singular)
मच्छिआओ (accusative plural)
मच्छिआउ (accusative plural)
मच्छिआ (accusative plural)
मच्छिआए (instrumental singular)
मच्छिआइ (instrumental singular)
मच्छिआअ (instrumental singular)
मच्छिआहि (instrumental plural)
मच्छिआहिं (instrumental plural)
मच्छिआओ (ablative singular)
मच्छिआउ (ablative singular)
मच्छिआहिंतो (ablative plural)
मच्छिआए (genitive singular)
मच्छिआइ (genitive singular)
मच्छिआअ (genitive singular)
मच्छिआण (genitive plural)
मच्छिआणं (genitive plural)
मच्छिआए (locative singular)
मच्छिआइ (locative singular)
मच्छिआअ (locative singular)
मच्छिआसु (locative plural)
मच्छिआसुं (locative plural)
मच्छिए (singular vocative)
मच्छिआ (singular vocative)
मच्छिआओ (plural vocative)
मच्छिआउ (plural vocative)
मच्छिआ (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (“fly”)


मक्खिआ

makkhiā (romanization)
मक्खिआ (nominative singular)
मक्खिआओ (nominative plural)
मक्खिआउ (nominative plural)
मक्खिआ (nominative plural)
मक्खिअं (accusative singular)
मक्खिआओ (accusative plural)
मक्खिआउ (accusative plural)
मक्खिआ (accusative plural)
मक्खिआए (instrumental singular)
मक्खिआइ (instrumental singular)
मक्खिआअ (instrumental singular)
मक्खिआहि (instrumental plural)
मक्खिआहिं (instrumental plural)
मक्खिआओ (ablative singular)
मक्खिआउ (ablative singular)
मक्खिआहिंतो (ablative plural)
मक्खिआए (genitive singular)
मक्खिआइ (genitive singular)
मक्खिआअ (genitive singular)
मक्खिआण (genitive plural)
मक्खिआणं (genitive plural)
मक्खिआए (locative singular)
मक्खिआइ (locative singular)
मक्खिआअ (locative singular)
मक्खिआसु (locative plural)
मक्खिआसुं (locative plural)
मक्खिए (singular vocative)
मक्खिआ (singular vocative)
मक्खिआओ (plural vocative)
मक्खिआउ (plural vocative)
मक्खिआ (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (“fly”)


𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मच्छिआ</i>

macchiā (romanization)
मच्छिआ (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: माछी (māchī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: মাছি (machi)

Odia: ମାଛି (māchi)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘲 (māsī)

Marathi: माशी (māśī)

Inherited from Sanskrit मक्षिका (makṣikā).


𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मक्खिआ</i>

makkhiā (romanization)
मक्खिआ (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: makkhī

Hindi: मक्खी

desc

Urdu: مَکّھی

Urdu: مَکّھی

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: মাখি (makhi)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: માખી (mākhī)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: makkhī

Gurmukhi script: ਮੱਖੀ

Shahmukhi script: مکھّی

Sindhi: makhi

Arabic script: مَکِ

Devanagari script: मखि

Inherited from Sanskrit मक्षिका (makṣikā). Cognate with Pali makkhikā.


मिच्छदेस

micchadesa (romanization)
मिच्छदेसो (nominative singular)
मिच्छदेसा (nominative plural)
मिच्छदेसं (accusative singular)
मिच्छदेसे (accusative plural)
मिच्छदेसा (accusative plural)
मिच्छदेसेण (instrumental singular)
मिच्छदेसेणं (instrumental singular)
मिच्छदेसेहि (instrumental plural)
मिच्छदेसेहिं (instrumental plural)
मिच्छदेसाअ (dative singular)
मिच्छदेसाओ (ablative singular)
मिच्छदेसाउ (ablative singular)
मिच्छदेसा (ablative singular)
मिच्छदेसाहि (ablative singular)
मिच्छदेसाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मिच्छदेसस्स (genitive singular)
मिच्छदेसाण (genitive plural)
मिच्छदेसाणं (genitive plural)
मिच्छदेसम्मि (locative singular)
मिच्छदेसे (locative singular)
मिच्छदेसेसु (locative plural)
मिच्छदेसेसुं (locative plural)
मिच्छदेस (singular vocative)
मिच्छदेसा (singular vocative)
मिच्छदेसा (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑁂𑀲 𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑁂𑀲#Prakrit


𑀲𑁄𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀅

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सोवण्णिअ</i>

𑀲𑁄𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀅 (sovaṇṇia) (Devanagari सोवण्णिअ)

sovaṇṇia (romanization)
सोवण्णिअ (Devanagari)

Gujarati: સોની (sonī)

Hindi: सोनी (sonī)

Inherited from Sanskrit सौवर्णिक (sauvarṇika, “made of gold; goldsmith”).


𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वुड्ढ</i>

vuḍḍha (romanization)
वुड्ढ (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

desc

Hindi: बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā), बूढ़ा (būṛhā)

Hindi: बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā), बूढ़ा (būṛhā)

Romani: phuro

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: বুঢ়া (burha)

Middle Bengali: বুঢ়া (buṛha)

Bengali: বুড়ো (buṛō)

Sylheti: ꠛꠥꠠꠣ (buṛa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बूढ (būḍh)

Maithili: बूढ (būṛh)

Odia: ବୁଢା (buḍhā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Garhwali: बुड्ड्या (buḍḍyā)

Kumaoni: बुड्ढो (buḍḍho), बुढो (buṛho)

Nepali: बुढो (buḍho)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੁੱਢਾ (buḍḍhā)

Shahmukhi script: بُڈّھا (buḍḍhā)

Sindhi: बुढो (buḍho)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: વડું (vaḍũ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás
Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha)Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha), from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- + *-tós.


णग्ग

𑀡𑀕𑁆𑀕 𑀡𑀕𑁆𑀕#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀡𑀕𑁆𑀕 (“naked”)


𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुण्णार</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭 (suṇṇāra) m (Devanagari सुण्णार)

suṇṇāra (romanization)
सुण्णार (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (suṇṇaāra, “goldsmith”)


सुण्णआर

सुण्णआर (suṇṇaāra) m

pra-head

सुण्णआर (suṇṇaāra) m

pra-noun

सुण्णआर (suṇṇaāra) m

suṇṇaāra (romanization)
सुण्णआरो (nominative singular)
सुण्णआरा (nominative plural)
सुण्णआरं (accusative singular)
सुण्णआरे (accusative plural)
सुण्णआरा (accusative plural)
सुण्णआरेण (instrumental singular)
सुण्णआरेणं (instrumental singular)
सुण्णआरेहि (instrumental plural)
सुण्णआरेहिं (instrumental plural)
सुण्णआराअ (dative singular)
सुण्णआराओ (ablative singular)
सुण्णआराउ (ablative singular)
सुण्णआरा (ablative singular)
सुण्णआराहि (ablative singular)
सुण्णआराहिंतो (ablative singular)
सुण्णआरस्स (genitive singular)
सुण्णआराण (genitive plural)
सुण्णआराणं (genitive plural)
सुण्णआरम्मि (locative singular)
सुण्णआरे (locative singular)
सुण्णआरेसु (locative plural)
सुण्णआरेसुं (locative plural)
सुण्णआर (singular vocative)
सुण्णआरा (singular vocative)
सुण्णआरा (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (“goldsmith”)


सुण्णार

head

सुण्णार (suṇṇāra) m

pra-head

सुण्णार (suṇṇāra) m

pra-noun

सुण्णार (suṇṇāra) m

suṇṇāra (romanization)
सुण्णारो (nominative singular)
सुण्णारा (nominative plural)
सुण्णारं (accusative singular)
सुण्णारे (accusative plural)
सुण्णारा (accusative plural)
सुण्णारेण (instrumental singular)
सुण्णारेणं (instrumental singular)
सुण्णारेहि (instrumental plural)
सुण्णारेहिं (instrumental plural)
सुण्णाराअ (dative singular)
सुण्णाराओ (ablative singular)
सुण्णाराउ (ablative singular)
सुण्णारा (ablative singular)
सुण्णाराहि (ablative singular)
सुण्णाराहिंतो (ablative singular)
सुण्णारस्स (genitive singular)
सुण्णाराण (genitive plural)
सुण्णाराणं (genitive plural)
सुण्णारम्मि (locative singular)
सुण्णारे (locative singular)
सुण्णारेसु (locative plural)
सुण्णारेसुं (locative plural)
सुण्णार (singular vocative)
सुण्णारा (singular vocative)
सुण्णारा (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭 (“goldsmith”)


सुवण्णआर

head

सुवण्णआर (suvaṇṇaāra) m

pra-head

सुवण्णआर (suvaṇṇaāra) m

pra-noun

सुवण्णआर (suvaṇṇaāra) m

suvaṇṇaāra (romanization)
सुवण्णआरो (nominative singular)
सुवण्णआरा (nominative plural)
सुवण्णआरं (accusative singular)
सुवण्णआरे (accusative plural)
सुवण्णआरा (accusative plural)
सुवण्णआरेण (instrumental singular)
सुवण्णआरेणं (instrumental singular)
सुवण्णआरेहि (instrumental plural)
सुवण्णआरेहिं (instrumental plural)
सुवण्णआराअ (dative singular)
सुवण्णआराओ (ablative singular)
सुवण्णआराउ (ablative singular)
सुवण्णआरा (ablative singular)
सुवण्णआराहि (ablative singular)
सुवण्णआराहिंतो (ablative singular)
सुवण्णआरस्स (genitive singular)
सुवण्णआराण (genitive plural)
सुवण्णआराणं (genitive plural)
सुवण्णआरम्मि (locative singular)
सुवण्णआरे (locative singular)
सुवण्णआरेसु (locative plural)
सुवण्णआरेसुं (locative plural)
सुवण्णआर (singular vocative)
सुवण्णआरा (singular vocative)
सुवण्णआरा (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (“goldsmith”)


𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुण्णआर</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (suṇṇaāra) m (Devanagari सुण्णआर)

suṇṇaāra (romanization)
सुण्णआर (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (suvaṇṇaāra, “goldsmith”)


𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुवण्णआर</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (suvaṇṇaāra) m (Devanagari सुवण्णआर)

suvaṇṇaāra (romanization)
सुवण्णआर (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

desctree

Apabhramsa: 𑆱𑆶𑆤𑇀𑆤𑆳𑆫 (sunnāra)
Central:
Hindustani: sunār
Hindi: सुनार
Urdu: سُنار

Central:

Hindustani: sonār

Hindi: सोनार

Urdu: سونار

Western:

Gujarati: સોનાર (sonār)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas
Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa)
Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvarṇa)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-der.
Sanskrit -कार (-kāra)
Sanskrit सुवर्णकार (suvarṇakāra)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀆𑀭 (suvaṇṇaāra)
Inherited from Sanskrit सुवर्णकार (suvarṇakāra). Cognate with Pali suvaṇṇakāra. By surface analysis, 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (suvaṇṇa) + -𑀆𑀭 (-āra).


𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अंगुत्थल</i>

𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀮 (aṃgutthala) n (Devanagari अंगुत्थल)

aṃgutthala (romanization)
अंगुत्थल (Devanagari)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar)bor.
Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀮 (aṃgutthala)
Borrowed from Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar, “ring”).


𑀤𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दत्थर</i>

datthara (romanization)
दत्थर (Devanagari)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (ydh)
Persian دست
Persian ـار
Classical Persian دَسْتَار (dastār)bor.
Prakrit 𑀤𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭 (datthara)
Borrowed from Classical Persian دَسْتَار (dastār, “handkerchief, napkin”).


𑀧𑀲𑀼

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पसु</i>

pasu (romanization)
पसु (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀲𑀽 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀼 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀲𑀽 (singular vocative)

Assamese: পাহ (pah)

Hindi: पस (pas)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *péḱu
Proto-Indo-Iranian *páću
Sanskrit पशु (paśu)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀼 (pasu)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀼 (pasu)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀼 (pasu), from Sanskrit पशु (paśu).

inh+

an animal, a beast; especially a horned animal


वट्ट

head

वट्ट (vaṭṭa)

pra-head

वट्ट (vaṭṭa)

pra-noun

वट्ट (vaṭṭa)

𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝 𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝#Prakrit


सिंचइ

head

सिंचइ (siṃcaï)

𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇#Prakrit


𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गद्दह</i>

gaddaha (romanization)
गद्दह (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: गदहा (gadhā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: गधा (gadhā), गदहा (gadhā)

Urdu: گدھا (gadhā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Early Assamese: গাধৱ (gadhowo), গান্ধ (gandho)
Assamese: গাধ (gadh)

Bengali: গাধা (gadha)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: गदहा (gadᵊhā)

Maithili: गदहा (gadᵊhā)

desc

Odia: ଗଧ (gadha), ଗଧୁଣୀ (gadhuṇi), ଗଧା (gadhā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਗੱਧਾ (gaddhā)

Saraiki: گَڈّاں (gaḍḍāṉ), ڳَݙّا (g̈aḏḏā)

Sindhi: گَڏَھُ (gaḏahu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: गाढू (gāḍhū), गाढव (gāḍhav)

Old Marathi: गाढव (gāḍhava), गाढौ (gāḍhau), गाढोऊ (gāḍhoū), गाढउ (gāḍhaü), गाडौ (gāḍau)

Marathi: गाढव (gāḍhav)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ગધેડું (gadheḍũ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit गर्दभ (gardabha)
Prakrit 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha)Inherited from Sanskrit गर्दभ (gardabha).


𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सिंचइ</i>

pra-head

𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 (siṃcaï) (Devanagari सिंचइ) (transitive)

siṃcaï (romanization)
सिंचइ (Devanagari)

Apabhramsa: 𑆱𑆴𑆁𑆖𑆼𑆅 (siṃcei) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ-
Sanskrit सिच् (sic)
Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcati)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 (siṃcaï)Inherited from Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcati). Cognate with Pali siñcati.


-𑀇𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">-इअ</i>

desc

Punjabi: -ਇਆ (-iā, forms past participles) (as in ਮਿਲਣਾ (milṇā, “to meet”) → ਮਿਲਿਆ (miliā, “met”))

Hindi: -आ (-ā, forms past participles) (as in मिलना (milnā, “to meet”) → मिला (milā, “met”)), -या (-yā, only after roots ending in vowels) (as in खाना (khānā, “to eat”) → खाया (khāyā, “eaten”))

Inherited from Sanskrit -इत (-ita), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.


𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तिसा</i>

tisā (romanization)
तिसा (Devanagari)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Northwestern:

Sindhi: [script needed] (ṭriha)

Lahnda: [script needed] (treh)

desc

Punjabi: ਤੇਹ (teh, “love, thirst”), ਤਰੇਹ (tareh), ਤੀਹ (tīh), ਤਿਹ (tih), ਤਿਹਾ (tihā)

Northern:

Kumaoni: तिस

Central:

Hindi: तिस (tis)

Inherited from Sanskrit तृषा (tṛṣā), from Proto-Indo-European [Term?].


𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तिसाइअ</i>

tisāia (romanization)
तिसाइअ (Devanagari)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindi: तिसाया (tisāyā)


विचित्तवीरिअ

vicittavīria (romanization)
विचित्तवीरिओ (nominative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआ (nominative plural)
विचित्तवीरिअं (accusative singular)
विचित्तवीरिए (accusative plural)
विचित्तवीरिआ (accusative plural)
विचित्तवीरिएण (instrumental singular)
विचित्तवीरिएणं (instrumental singular)
विचित्तवीरिएहि (instrumental plural)
विचित्तवीरिएहिं (instrumental plural)
विचित्तवीरिआअ (dative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआओ (ablative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआउ (ablative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआ (ablative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआहि (ablative singular)
विचित्तवीरिआहिंतो (ablative singular)
विचित्तवीरिअस्स (genitive singular)
विचित्तवीरिआण (genitive plural)
विचित्तवीरिआणं (genitive plural)
विचित्तवीरिअम्मि (locative singular)
विचित्तवीरिए (locative singular)
विचित्तवीरिएसु (locative plural)
विचित्तवीरिएसुं (locative plural)
विचित्तवीरिअ (singular vocative)
विचित्तवीरिआ (singular vocative)
विचित्तवीरिआ (plural vocative)

𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅#Prakrit


𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विचित्तवीरिअ</i>

𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅 (vicittavīria) m (Devanagari विचित्तवीरिअ)

vicittavīria (romanization)
विचित्तवीरिअ (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit विचित्रवीर्य (vicitravīrya).

inh

विचित्रवीर्य

inh+

विचित्रवीर्य

तस्स य पुत्तो संतणू णाम राया संवुत्तो । तस्स दुवे पुत्ता - गंगेओ विचित्तवीरिओ य ।
tassa ya putto saṃtaṇū ṇāma rāyā saṃvutto . tassa duve puttā - gaṃgeo vicittavīrio ya .

And his son was a king named Śantanu. He had two sons, Gāṅgeya and Vicitravīrya.


𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">महामत्त</i>

𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mahāmatta) m (Devanagari महामत्त)

mahāmatta (romanization)
महामत्त (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: महावत (mahāvat)

Urdu: مَہَاوَت (mahāvat)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Bengali: মাহুত (mahut)

Early Assamese: মাহুত (mahuto)

Assamese: মাউত (maut)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਹੌਤ (mahaut)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s
Proto-Indo-Iranian *maȷ́ʰā́
Sanskrit महत् (mahat)
Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-der.
Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mahāmatta)Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta), from Sanskrit महत् (mahat) + मात्रा (mātrā).


𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सक्करा</i>

sakkarā (romanization)
सक्करा (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सकर (sakar)

Urdu: سَکَر (sakar)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Odia: ସାକର (sākara)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: ހަކުރު (hakuru)

desc

Sinhalese: හකුරු (hakuru), සකුරු (sakuru)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: सक्खर (sakkhar)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਕਰਾ (sakkarā)

Shahmukhi script: سَکَّرا (sakkarā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: साखर (sākhar)

Latin script: sakhor

Kannada script: ಸಾಖರ್ (sākhar)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: साकर (sākara)

Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘎𑘨 (sākara)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સાકર (sākar)

Marwari: साकर (sākar)

Inherited from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā, “candied sugar”). Cognate with Pali sakkharā.


𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: শিকৰ (xikor)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: सकिरा (sakirā)

Inherited from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “gravel, grit”). Cognate with Pali sakkharā.


𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀸𑀇𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अड्ढाइय</i>

aḍḍhāiya (romanization)
अड्ढाइय (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: अढ़ाई (aṛhāī), ढाई (ḍhāī)

Old Hindi: अढाई (aḍhāī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ढाई (ḍhāī)

desc

Urdu: ڈھَائِی (ḍhāī)

Urdu: ڈھَائِی (ḍhāī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: আঢ়ৈ (arhoi)

Old Bengali: আঢাই (āḍhāi)

Middle Bengali: আঢ়াই (aṛhai)

Bengali: আড়াই (aṛai)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: अढ़इया (aṛhaiyā)

Maithili: 𑂃𑂜𑂶𑂄 (aṛhaiā)

Odia: ଅଢ଼ାଇ (aṛhāi), ଅଢ଼େଇ (aṛhei)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Bhadrawahi: ढाई (ḍhāī)

Churahi: अढाए (aḍhāe)

Kumaoni: अढ़ाइ (aṛhāi)

Nepali: अड़ाइ (aṛāi)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਢਾਈ (ḍhāī)

Sindhi: اڍآڪ (aḍhāī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: અઢી (aḍhī)

Kachchi: અડી (aḍī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: अढैच (aḍhaica)

Marathi: अडीच (aḍīc)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰe
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárdʰas
Sanskrit अर्ध (ardha)
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyasder.
Sanskrit तृतीय (tṛtīya)
Sanskrit अर्धतृतीय (ardhatṛtīya)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀠𑀢𑀺𑀬 (aḍhatiya)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀸𑀇𑀬 (aḍḍhāiya)Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀠𑀢𑀺𑀬 (aḍhatiya), from Sanskrit अर्धतृतीय (ardhatṛtīya), from अर्ध (ardha) + तृतीय (tṛtīya).


𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कवोल</i>

kavola (romanization)
कवोल (Devanagari)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: kavola

Devanagari script: कवोल

Sharada script: 𑆑𑆮𑆾𑆬

Etymology tree
Sanskrit कपोल (kapola)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮 (kavola)Inherited from Sanskrit कपोल (kapola). Cognate with Pali kapola.


𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कस्सइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಸ್ಸಇ</i>

𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇 (kassaï) (Devanagari कस्सइ, Kannada ಕಸ್ಸಇ)

kassaï (romanization)
कस्सइ (Devanagari)
ಕಸ್ಸಇ (Kannada)

Northern:

Nepali: कसै (kasai)

Central:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: किसी (kisī)

Urdu: کسی (kisī)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ਕਿਸੇ (kise)

Inherited from Sanskrit कस्यचिद् (kasyacid), masculine/neuter singular genitive of किंचिद् (kiṃcid, “anyone, anything”). For descendants with medial -i-, compare 𑀓𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kissa).

inh+

𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺#Prakrit

inflection of 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci):
masculine genitive singular

𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺#Prakrit

inflection of 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci):
neuter genitive singular


𑀓𑁄𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कोइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕೋಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

koi (romanization)
कोइ (Devanagari)
ಕೋಇ (Kannada)

Northeastern:

desc

Lahnda: [script needed] m (kōī), [script needed] f (kāī)

Punjabi: ਕੋਈ / کوئی (ko'ī)

Sindhi: ڪس (kisi)

Northern:

Nepali: कोही (kohī), कसै (kasai, gen.)

Eastern:

Bengali: কেউ (keu), কেই (kei), কেও (keō)

Assamese: কেও (keü)

Odia: କେଇ (kei)

Awadhi: कोइ (koi), केउ (keu)

Central:

Old Hindi: कोई (koī)

Hindi: कोई (koī)

Urdu: کوئی (koī)

Braj: कोऊ (koū)

Western:

Old Gujarati: कांई (kāṃī) (probably by analogy from Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀘𑀺 (kāṇici, n. pl. nom.))

Gujarati: કોઈ (koī)

From older 𑀓𑁄𑀘𑀺 (koci), from Sanskrit कश्चिद् m sg (kaścid, “anything”), from कः m sg (kaḥ, “what, who”) + चिद् (cid). In Sanskrit, this sequence regularly undergoes external sandhi and univerbation (-aḥ c- > -aśc-). Middle Indo-Aryan masculine nominative singular 𑀓𑁄𑀇 (koi) or 𑀓𑁄𑀘𑀺 (koci) was probably formed by analogy to other inflected forms of 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 n sg (kiṃci), like 𑀓𑀸𑀇 f sg (kāi) and 𑀓𑁂𑀇 m pl (kei), on the basis that the Sanskrit masculine nominative singular ending -अः (-aḥ) regularly becomes Prakrit -𑀑 (-o). Other literature attributes this to influence from Sanskrit कोऽपि (kó’pi, “whoever, whatever”), from कः (kaḥ) + अपि (api).

ncog

𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺#Prakrit

masculine nominative singular of 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci)


𑀓𑀺𑀁

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">किं</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಿಂ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

kiṃ (romanization)
किं (Devanagari)
ಕಿಂ (Kannada)


𑀓𑀺𑀁

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कि (ki)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Domaaki: [script needed] (kya)

Hindustani: ki, kyā

Hindi: कि, क्या

Urdu: کیَا (kyā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কি (ki)

Bengali: কি (ki)

Bihari:

Maithili: कि (kɨ)

Odia: କି (ki)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: क्या (kyā)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कि (ki), किन (kina), क्या (kyā)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: की (kī)

Pangwali: की (kī)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੀ (kī)

Shahmukhi script: کِیہہ (kīh)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ki

Arabic script: ڪِ

Devanagari script: कि

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކިއެއް (kiek̊), ކީއް (kīk̊)

Sinhalese: කි (ki)

desc

⇒ Sinhalese: කිකල (kikala), කිකරුණ (kikaruṇa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कीं (kī̃)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કિયું (kiyũ)

Old Marwari: क्यु (kyu)


𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कस्स</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಸ್ಸ</i>

𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kassa) (Devanagari कस्स, Kannada ಕಸ್ಸ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

kassa (romanization)
कस्स (Devanagari)
ಕಸ್ಸ (Kannada)

Northern:

Nepali: कस (kas)

Central:

Old Hindi: किस (kisa)

Hindi: किस (kis)

Urdu: کس (kis)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ਕਿਸ (kis)

Inherited from Sanskrit कस्य (kasya). Alternative 𑀓𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kissa) is by analogy to the -i- in 𑀓𑀺𑀁 (kiṃ). Cognate with Pali kassa.

inflection of 𑀓𑀺𑀁 (kiṃ):
masculine genitive singular

inflection of 𑀓𑀺𑀁 (kiṃ):
neuter genitive singular


𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दंतार</i>

daṃtāra (romanization)
दंतार (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit दन्तकार (dantakāra). Cognate with Pali dantakāra.


दंतार

daṃtāra (romanization)
दंतारो (nominative singular)
दंतारा (nominative plural)
दंतारं (accusative singular)
दंतारे (accusative plural)
दंतारा (accusative plural)
दंतारेण (instrumental singular)
दंतारेणं (instrumental singular)
दंतारेहि (instrumental plural)
दंतारेहिं (instrumental plural)
दंताराअ (dative singular)
दंताराओ (ablative singular)
दंताराउ (ablative singular)
दंतारा (ablative singular)
दंताराहि (ablative singular)
दंताराहिंतो (ablative singular)
दंतारस्स (genitive singular)
दंताराण (genitive plural)
दंताराणं (genitive plural)
दंतारम्मि (locative singular)
दंतारे (locative singular)
दंतारेसु (locative plural)
दंतारेसुं (locative plural)
दंतार (singular vocative)
दंतारा (singular vocative)
दंतारा (plural vocative)

𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭 𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀭#Prakrit


𑀆𑀆𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आआस</i>

āāsa (romanization)
आआस (Devanagari)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (ākāsa, “sky, space”)


𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आगास</i>

āgāsa (romanization)
आगास (Devanagari)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲#Prakrit


आआस

आआस (āāsa) m

pra-head

आआस (āāsa) m

pra-noun

आआस (āāsa) m

āāsa (romanization)
आआसो (nominative singular)
आआसा (nominative plural)
आआसं (accusative singular)
आआसे (accusative plural)
आआसा (accusative plural)
आआसेण (instrumental singular)
आआसेणं (instrumental singular)
आआसेहि (instrumental plural)
आआसेहिं (instrumental plural)
आआसाअ (dative singular)
आआसाओ (ablative singular)
आआसाउ (ablative singular)
आआसा (ablative singular)
आआसाहि (ablative singular)
आआसाहिंतो (ablative singular)
आआसस्स (genitive singular)
आआसाण (genitive plural)
आआसाणं (genitive plural)
आआसम्मि (locative singular)
आआसे (locative singular)
आआसेसु (locative plural)
आआसेसुं (locative plural)
आआस (singular vocative)
आआसा (singular vocative)
आआसा (plural vocative)

Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀆𑀲 (“sky, space”)


आगास

head

आगास (āgāsa) m

pra-head

आगास (āgāsa) m

pra-noun

आगास (āgāsa) m

āgāsa (romanization)
आगासो (nominative singular)
आगासा (nominative plural)
आगासं (accusative singular)
आगासे (accusative plural)
आगासा (accusative plural)
आगासेण (instrumental singular)
आगासेणं (instrumental singular)
आगासेहि (instrumental plural)
आगासेहिं (instrumental plural)
आगासाअ (dative singular)
आगासाओ (ablative singular)
आगासाउ (ablative singular)
आगासा (ablative singular)
आगासाहि (ablative singular)
आगासाहिंतो (ablative singular)
आगासस्स (genitive singular)
आगासाण (genitive plural)
आगासाणं (genitive plural)
आगासम्मि (locative singular)
आगासे (locative singular)
आगासेसु (locative plural)
आगासेसुं (locative plural)
आगास (singular vocative)
आगासा (singular vocative)
आगासा (plural vocative)

𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲 𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲 (“sky, space”)


𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आकास</i>

ākāsa (romanization)
आकास (Devanagari)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Prakrit 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (ākāsa)Inherited from Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa). Cognate with Pali ākāsa.


आकास

head

आकास (ākāsa) m

pra-head

आकास (ākāsa) m

pra-noun

आकास (ākāsa) m

ākāsa (romanization)
आकासो (nominative singular)
आकासा (nominative plural)
आकासं (accusative singular)
आकासे (accusative plural)
आकासा (accusative plural)
आकासेण (instrumental singular)
आकासेणं (instrumental singular)
आकासेहि (instrumental plural)
आकासेहिं (instrumental plural)
आकासाअ (dative singular)
आकासाओ (ablative singular)
आकासाउ (ablative singular)
आकासा (ablative singular)
आकासाहि (ablative singular)
आकासाहिंतो (ablative singular)
आकासस्स (genitive singular)
आकासाण (genitive plural)
आकासाणं (genitive plural)
आकासम्मि (locative singular)
आकासे (locative singular)
आकासेसु (locative plural)
आकासेसुं (locative plural)
आकास (singular vocative)
आकासा (singular vocative)
आकासा (plural vocative)

𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (“sky, space”)


𑀕𑀠

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गढ</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: गढ़ (gaṛh)

Urdu: گڑھ (gaṛh)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: গড় (gor)

Bengali: গড় (goṛ)

Odia: ଗଡ଼ (gaṛa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: गड़

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੜ੍ਹ (gaṛh)

Shahmukhi script: گَڑھ (gaṛh)

Saraiki: ڳَڑھ (g̈aṛh)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: 𑘐𑘛𑘲 (gaḍhī)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: गढ (gaḍha)

Gujarati: ગઢ (gaḍh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás
Prakrit 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha)
Inherited from Sanskrit *गृध (gṛdha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás.


𑀨𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फल</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: फल (phal)

Urdu: پھَل (phal)

Old Awadhi: फल (phala)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: ফল (phol)

Bengali: ফল (phol)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: ফল

Chakma: 𑄜𑄧𑄣𑄴 (phal)

Hajong: ফল

Rajbanshi: फल

Sylheti: ꠚꠟ (fôl)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: फर (phar)

Maithili: फर (phar)

Odia: ଫଳ (phaḷa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: फल (phal)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫਲ (phal)

Shahmukhi script: پھَل (phal)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڦَرُ (pharu)

Devanagari script: फरु (pharu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Marwari: फळ (phaḷ)

Old Gujarati: फल (phala)

Gujarati: ફળ (phaḷ)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: फळ (phaḷ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *paẓambor.
Sanskrit फल (phala)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala)
Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala)Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam.


𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दीवाली</i>

dīvālī (romanization)
दीवाली (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: दिवाली (divālī), दीवाली (dīvālī)
→ English: Diwali/Divali/Dewali
→ Irish: Díbheálaí
→ Burmese: ဒေဝါလီ (dewali)

desc

Urdu: دِوالِی (divālī), دِیوالِی (divālī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: দেওয়ালি (deōẇali), দেয়ালি (deẏali)

Assamese: দেৱালী (dewali)

Maithili: (“clay lamp”)

Devanagari script: दिबाड़ी (dibāṛī)

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒱𑒥𑒰𑒛𑓃𑒲 (dibāṛī)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: दिवाळी (divāḷī)

Modi script: 𑘟𑘲𑘪𑘰𑘯𑘲 (dīvāḷī)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਵਾਲੀ (divālī)

Shahmukhi script: دِوالِی (divālī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڏِيَارِي

Devanagari script: ॾियारी

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: દિવાળી (divāḷī)

Marwari: दियाळी (diyāḷī)

Inherited from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali).


𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विरह</i>

viraha (romanization)
विरह (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit विरह (viraha). Cognate with Pali viraha.


𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चुंबण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚುಂಬಣ</i>

𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡 (cuṃbaṇa) n (Devanagari चुंबण, Kannada ಚುಂಬಣ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

cuṃbaṇa (romanization)
चुंबण (Devanagari)
ಚುಂಬಣ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: cuṃbaṇa

Devanagari script: चुंबण

Sharada script: 𑆖𑆶𑆁𑆧𑆟

Inherited from Sanskrit चुम्बन (cumbana).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cumbana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 265

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī


𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आलिंगण</i>

āliṃgaṇa (romanization)
आलिंगण (Devanagari)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: āliṃgaṇa

Devanagari script: आलिंगण

Sharada script: 𑆄𑆬𑆴𑆁𑆓𑆟

Inherited from Sanskrit आलिङ्गन (āliṅgana).


𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आहार</i>

āhāra (romanization)
आहार (Devanagari)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra). Cognate with Pali āhāra.


𑀆𑀳𑀸𑀭

Inherited from Sanskrit आधार (ādhāra). Cognate with Pali ādhāra.


आलिंगण

आलिंगण (āliṃgaṇa) n

pra-head

आलिंगण (āliṃgaṇa) n

pra-noun

आलिंगण (āliṃgaṇa) n

āliṃgaṇa (romanization)
आलिंगणं (nominative singular)
आलिंगणाइं (nominative plural)
आलिंगणाइ (nominative plural)
आलिंगणं (accusative singular)
आलिंगणाइं (accusative plural)
आलिंगणाइ (accusative plural)
आलिंगणेण (instrumental singular)
आलिंगणेणं (instrumental singular)
आलिंगणेहि (instrumental plural)
आलिंगणेहिं (instrumental plural)
आलिंगणाअ (dative singular)
आलिंगणाओ (ablative singular)
आलिंगणाउ (ablative singular)
आलिंगणा (ablative singular)
आलिंगणाहि (ablative singular)
आलिंगणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
आलिंगणस्स (genitive singular)
आलिंगणाण (genitive plural)
आलिंगणाणं (genitive plural)
आलिंगणम्मि (locative singular)
आलिंगणे (locative singular)
आलिंगणेसु (locative plural)
आलिंगणेसुं (locative plural)
आलिंगण (singular vocative)
आलिंगणा (singular vocative)
आलिंगणाइं (plural vocative)
आलिंगणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡 𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀡#Prakrit


पोत्तिआ

pŏttiā (romanization)
पोत्त (masculine)
पोत्तिआ (nominative singular)
पोत्तिआओ (nominative plural)
पोत्तिआउ (nominative plural)
पोत्तिआ (nominative plural)
पोत्तिअं (accusative singular)
पोत्तिआओ (accusative plural)
पोत्तिआउ (accusative plural)
पोत्तिआ (accusative plural)
पोत्तिआए (instrumental singular)
पोत्तिआइ (instrumental singular)
पोत्तिआअ (instrumental singular)
पोत्तिआहि (instrumental plural)
पोत्तिआहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्तिआओ (ablative singular)
पोत्तिआउ (ablative singular)
पोत्तिआहिंतो (ablative plural)
पोत्तिआए (genitive singular)
पोत्तिआइ (genitive singular)
पोत्तिआअ (genitive singular)
पोत्तिआण (genitive plural)
पोत्तिआणं (genitive plural)
पोत्तिआए (locative singular)
पोत्तिआइ (locative singular)
पोत्तिआअ (locative singular)
पोत्तिआसु (locative plural)
पोत्तिआसुं (locative plural)
पोत्तिए (singular vocative)
पोत्तिआ (singular vocative)
पोत्तिआओ (plural vocative)
पोत्तिआउ (plural vocative)
पोत्तिआ (plural vocative)
पोत्तिआ (nominative singular)
पोत्तिआओ (nominative plural)
पोत्तिआ (nominative plural)
पोत्तिअं (accusative singular)
पोत्तिआओ (accusative plural)
पोत्तिआ (accusative plural)
पोत्तिआए (instrumental singular)
पोत्तिआहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्तिआदो (ablative singular)
पोत्तिआए (ablative singular)
पोत्तिआए (genitive singular)
पोत्तिआणं (genitive plural)
पोत्तिआए (locative singular)
पोत्तिआसु (locative plural)
पोत्तिआसुं (locative plural)
पोत्तिए (singular vocative)
पोत्तिआओ (plural vocative)
पोत्तिआ (plural vocative)

𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (“granddaughter”)


𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पोत्तिआ</i>

𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (pŏttiā) f (Devanagari पोत्तिआ, masculine 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢)

pŏttiā (romanization)
पोत्तिआ (Devanagari)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 (masculine)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: potī

Hindi: पोती

Urdu: پوتی

Inherited from Sanskrit पौत्री (pautrī) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


चुंबण

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

cuṃbaṇa (romanization)
ಚುಂಬಣ (Kannada)
चुंबणं (nominative singular)
चुंबणाइं (nominative plural)
चुंबणाइ (nominative plural)
चुंबणं (accusative singular)
चुंबणाइं (accusative plural)
चुंबणाइ (accusative plural)
चुंबणेण (instrumental singular)
चुंबणेणं (instrumental singular)
चुंबणेहि (instrumental plural)
चुंबणेहिं (instrumental plural)
चुंबणाअ (dative singular)
चुंबणाओ (ablative singular)
चुंबणाउ (ablative singular)
चुंबणा (ablative singular)
चुंबणाहि (ablative singular)
चुंबणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
चुंबणस्स (genitive singular)
चुंबणाण (genitive plural)
चुंबणाणं (genitive plural)
चुंबणम्मि (locative singular)
चुंबणे (locative singular)
चुंबणेसु (locative plural)
चुंबणेसुं (locative plural)
चुंबण (singular vocative)
चुंबणा (singular vocative)
चुंबणाइं (plural vocative)
चुंबणाइ (plural vocative)

𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡 𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡#Prakrit


पोत्त

pŏtta (romanization)
पोत्तिआ (feminine)
पोत्तो (nominative singular)
पोत्ता (nominative plural)
पोत्तं (accusative singular)
पोत्ते (accusative plural)
पोत्ता (accusative plural)
पोत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेणं (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेहि (instrumental plural)
पोत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्ताअ (dative singular)
पोत्ताओ (ablative singular)
पोत्ताउ (ablative singular)
पोत्ता (ablative singular)
पोत्ताहि (ablative singular)
पोत्ताहिंतो (ablative singular)
पोत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पोत्ताण (genitive plural)
पोत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पोत्तम्मि (locative singular)
पोत्ते (locative singular)
पोत्तेसु (locative plural)
पोत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पोत्त (singular vocative)
पोत्ता (singular vocative)
पोत्ता (plural vocative)
पोत्तो (nominative singular)
पोत्ता (nominative plural)
पोत्तं (accusative singular)
पोत्ते (accusative plural)
पोत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्तादो (ablative singular)
पोत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पोत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पोत्ते (locative singular)
पोत्तेसु (locative plural)
पोत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पोत्त (singular vocative)
पोत्ता (plural vocative)

𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 (“grandson”)


पोत्त

pŏtta (romanization)
पोत्तं (nominative singular)
पोत्ताइं (nominative plural)
पोत्ताइ (nominative plural)
पोत्तं (accusative singular)
पोत्ताइं (accusative plural)
पोत्ताइ (accusative plural)
पोत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेणं (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेहि (instrumental plural)
पोत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्ताअ (dative singular)
पोत्ताओ (ablative singular)
पोत्ताउ (ablative singular)
पोत्ता (ablative singular)
पोत्ताहि (ablative singular)
पोत्ताहिंतो (ablative singular)
पोत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पोत्ताण (genitive plural)
पोत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पोत्तम्मि (locative singular)
पोत्ते (locative singular)
पोत्तेसु (locative plural)
पोत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पोत्त (singular vocative)
पोत्ता (singular vocative)
पोत्ताइं (plural vocative)
पोत्ताइ (plural vocative)
पोत्तं (nominative singular)
पोत्ताइं (nominative plural)
पोत्तं (accusative singular)
पोत्ताइं (accusative plural)
पोत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पोत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पोत्तादो (ablative singular)
पोत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पोत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पोत्ते (locative singular)
पोत्तेसु (locative plural)
पोत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पोत्त (singular vocative)
पोत्ताइं (plural vocative)

𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 (“boat; cloth”)


अफल

aphala (romanization)
अफलो (nominative singular)
अफला (nominative plural)
अफलं (accusative singular)
अफले (accusative plural)
अफला (accusative plural)
अफलेण (instrumental singular)
अफलेणं (instrumental singular)
अफलेहि (instrumental plural)
अफलेहिं (instrumental plural)
अफलाअ (dative singular)
अफलाओ (ablative singular)
अफलाउ (ablative singular)
अफला (ablative singular)
अफलाहि (ablative singular)
अफलाहिंतो (ablative singular)
अफलस्स (genitive singular)
अफलाण (genitive plural)
अफलाणं (genitive plural)
अफलम्मि (locative singular)
अफले (locative singular)
अफलेसु (locative plural)
अफलेसुं (locative plural)
अफल (singular vocative)
अफला (singular vocative)
अफला (plural vocative)
अफला (nominative singular)
अफलाओ (nominative plural)
अफलाउ (nominative plural)
अफला (nominative plural)
अफलं (accusative singular)
अफलाओ (accusative plural)
अफलाउ (accusative plural)
अफला (accusative plural)
अफलाए (instrumental singular)
अफलाइ (instrumental singular)
अफलाअ (instrumental singular)
अफलाहि (instrumental plural)
अफलाहिं (instrumental plural)
अफलाओ (ablative singular)
अफलाउ (ablative singular)
अफलाहिंतो (ablative plural)
अफलाए (genitive singular)
अफलाइ (genitive singular)
अफलाअ (genitive singular)
अफलाण (genitive plural)
अफलाणं (genitive plural)
अफलाए (locative singular)
अफलाइ (locative singular)
अफलाअ (locative singular)
अफलासु (locative plural)
अफलासुं (locative plural)
अफले (singular vocative)
अफला (singular vocative)
अफलाओ (plural vocative)
अफलाउ (plural vocative)
अफला (plural vocative)
अफलं (nominative singular)
अफलाइं (nominative plural)
अफलाइ (nominative plural)
अफलं (accusative singular)
अफलाइं (accusative plural)
अफलाइ (accusative plural)
अफलेण (instrumental singular)
अफलेणं (instrumental singular)
अफलेहि (instrumental plural)
अफलेहिं (instrumental plural)
अफलाअ (dative singular)
अफलाओ (ablative singular)
अफलाउ (ablative singular)
अफला (ablative singular)
अफलाहि (ablative singular)
अफलाहिंतो (ablative singular)
अफलस्स (genitive singular)
अफलाण (genitive plural)
अफलाणं (genitive plural)
अफलम्मि (locative singular)
अफले (locative singular)
अफलेसु (locative plural)
अफलेसुं (locative plural)
अफल (singular vocative)
अफला (singular vocative)
अफलाइं (plural vocative)
अफलाइ (plural vocative)


दीवाली

head

दीवाली (dīvālī) f

pra-head

दीवाली (dīvālī) f

pra-noun

दीवाली (dīvālī) f

𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (Diwali)


𑀲𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सेज्जा</i>

sĕjjā (romanization)
सेज्जा (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: सेज (sej)

Gujarati: સેજ (sej)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सेज (sej)

Urdu: سیج (sej)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: সেজা (xeza)

Bengali: সেজ (Sej), সেঁজ (śẽj)

Bihari:

desc

Bhojpuri: सेज (sēj), सजेआ (sajēā), सजिया (sajiyā)

Maithili: सेज (sēj)

Odia: ସେଜ (seja), ସେସ (sesa)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: އެނދު (eⁿdu)

Sinhalese: සී (sī), ඇඳ (æⁿda)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: सेज (sej)

Nepali: सेज (sej)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੇਜ (sej), ਚੇਜ (cej)

Shahmukhi script: سیج (sej), چیج (cej)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سيجِ (seja)

Devanagari script: सेज (seja)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: शेज (śej̈)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સેજ (sej)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-
Sanskrit शी (śī)
Sanskrit -या (-yā)
Sanskrit शय्या (śayyā)
Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (sĕjjā)Inherited from Sanskrit शय्या (śayyā), from शी (śī) + -या (-yā).


मण

maṇa (romanization)
मणं (nominative singular)
मणाइं (nominative plural)
मणाइ (nominative plural)
मणं (accusative singular)
मणाइं (accusative plural)
मणाइ (accusative plural)
मणेण (instrumental singular)
मणेणं (instrumental singular)
मणेहि (instrumental plural)
मणेहिं (instrumental plural)
मणाअ (dative singular)
मणाओ (ablative singular)
मणाउ (ablative singular)
मणा (ablative singular)
मणाहि (ablative singular)
मणाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मणस्स (genitive singular)
मणाण (genitive plural)
मणाणं (genitive plural)
मणम्मि (locative singular)
मणे (locative singular)
मणेसु (locative plural)
मणेसुं (locative plural)
मण (singular vocative)
मणा (singular vocative)
मणाइं (plural vocative)
मणाइ (plural vocative)


𑀧𑀠𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पढावेइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಢಾವೇಇ</i>

𑀧𑀠𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇 (paḍhāvei) (Devanagari पढावेइ, Kannada ಪಢಾವೇಇ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

paḍhāvei (romanization)
पढावेइ (Devanagari)
ಪಢಾವೇಇ (Kannada)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi: paṛhāiṇu

Devanagari script: पढ़ाइणु

Arabic script: پَڙهَائِڻُ

Punjabi: paṛhāuṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਪੜ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: پَڑھاؤݨا

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: પઢાવવું (paḍhāvvũ)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘛𑘪𑘲𑘜𑘹 (paḍhavīṇe)

Marathi: पढवणे (paḍhavṇe)

Marwari: पडावणौ (paḍāvṇau)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: पढाउनु (paḍhāunu)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Odia: ପଢ଼ାଇବା (paṛhāibā)

Maithili:

Devanagari script: पढ़ाएब (paṛhāēb)

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒜𑓃𑒰𑒋𑒥 (paṛhāēba)

Bengali: পড়ানো (poṛanō)

Assamese: পঢ়োৱা (porhüa)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: paṛhānā

desc

Hindi: पढ़ाना

Hindi: पढ़ाना

Urdu: پَڑَھانَا

Urdu: پَڑَھانَا


𑀧𑀠𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पढइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಢಇ</i>

𑀧𑀠𑀇 (paḍhaï) (Devanagari पढइ, Kannada ಪಢಇ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

paḍhaï (romanization)
पढइ (Devanagari)
ಪಢಇ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: पढ़ना (paṛhnā)

Urdu: پَڑْھنا (paṛhnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Early Assamese: পঢ়্ (poṛh)

desctree

Assamese: পঢ়া (porha)
Naga Pidgin: pora

Bengali: পড়া (poṛa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: पढ़ल (paṛhal)

Maithili: पढ़ब (paṛhab)

Odia: ପଢ଼ିବା (paṛhibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: पढ्नु (paḍhnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ (paṛhnā)

Shahmukhi script: پَڑْھنا (paṛhnā)

Sindhi: پَڙھَڻُ (paṛhaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘛𑘜𑘹 (paḍhaṇe)

Marathi: पढणे (paḍhṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: પઢવું (paḍhvũ)

Borrowed terms

→ Sanskrit: पठति (paṭhati)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit पृथ् (pṛth)der.
Prakrit 𑀧𑀠𑀇 (paḍhaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit *पृथति (pṛthati), from the root पृथ् (pṛth, “to spread”). Cognate with Pali paṭhati, Kashmiri پَرُن (parun), re-borrowed Sanskrit पठति (paṭhati); see there for more.


𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝

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*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

pra-head

*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

pra-noun

*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: गोटा (goṭā, “cannon ball”)

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: गोट (goṭ, “game piece”), गोटा (goṭā, “foods made of several lumps”), गोटी (goṭī, “small round stone, piece”)

Urdu: گوٹ (goṭ), گوٹَا (goṭā), گوٹِی (goṭī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: গোট (güt, “fruit; unit, piece”), গোটা (güta, “solid, round”)

Bengali: গোটা (gōṭa, “whole, entire”)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: गोटा (gōṭā, “seed”)

Maithili: गोटा (gōṭā, measure word)

Odia: ଗୋଟା (goṭā, “round, solitary, unbroken”), ଗୋଟି (goṭi, “solitary”)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: ගුටිය (guṭiya, “lump, ball”)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: गोटा (goṭā, “piece”), गोटो (goṭo, “piece”), गोटी (goṭī, “chess piece”), गोटि (goṭi)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਟ (goṭ, “spool; checker piece”)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڳوٽُ (ɠoṭu, “ball of tobacco”)

Devanagari script: ॻोटु (ɠoṭu, “ball of tobacco”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: गोटा (goṭā, “round stone”), गोटी (goṭī, “round stone”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ગોટ (goṭ, “gulp; cloud of smoke”), ગોટો (goṭo, “lump, pit, marigold”), ગોટી (goṭī, “pill, metal ball”)

Marwari: गोट (goṭ, “game piece”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *koṭṭayder.?
Sanskrit गृ (gṛ)der.?
Prakrit *𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa)
Uncertain.
* Per Turner, borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *koṭṭay (“stone of fruit”). Compare Tamil கொட்டை (koṭṭai, “ball, pit, kernel”).
* Per Chatterji, inherited from Sanskrit *गुर्त (gurta, “drop”), from गृ (gṛ, “to sprinkle, moisten”), and cognate with Sanskrit गोल (gola, “round”), गुड (guḍa, “molasses”).
Compare also Sanskrit गुड (guḍa, “globe, ball”), गुडिका (guḍikā), गुटिका (guṭikā).


𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝

head

*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

pra-head

*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

pra-noun

*𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*gŏṭṭa) m

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: गोट (goṭ, “hem”), गोटा (goṭā, “gold/silver lace”)

→ Marathi: गोट (goṭ, “hem, metal bracelet, ornament”)

Urdu: گوٹ (goṭ), گوٹَا (goṭā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਟ (goṭ, “hem”), ਗੋੱਟਾ (goṭṭā, “gold/silver lace”)

q

Sindhi: (may be borrowed due to lack of implosive)

desc

Arabic script: گوٽِی (goṭī, “gold/silver lace”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ગોટ (goṭ, “hem; gold/silver bracelet”)

Marwari: गोट (goṭ, “hem”)

Unknown. It is unclear how this meaning would develop from "round" (Etymology 1).
Burrow and Emeneau compare with Kannada ಗೋಟು (gōṭu, “border, hem”), Telugu గోటు (gōṭu, “hem, lace border”); the direction of loaning is unclear.


𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हिक्का</i>

hikkā (romanization)
हिक्का (Devanagari)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindi: हीक (hīk)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: હીક (hīk)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit हिक्क् (hikk)
Sanskrit हिक्का (hikkā)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (hikkā)Inherited from Sanskrit हिक्का (hikkā). Cognate with Pali hikkā.


𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णत्तिअ</i>

ṇattia (romanization)
णत्तिअ (Devanagari)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

desctree

Apabhramsa: णत्तिअ (ṇattia)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Old Hindi: नांती (nāṃtī)
Bundeli: नाती (nātī)
Haryanvi: नात्ती (nāttī), नाती (nātī)
Kannauji: नाती
Middle Hindi: ناتی (naty /nātī/)
Hindustani: nātī
Hindi: नाती
Urdu: ناتِی
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Middle Bengali: নাতি (nati), নাতিআ (natia)
Bengali: নাতি (nati)
Odia: ନାତି (nāti)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Nepali: नाति (nāti), नाती (nātī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *népōts
Proto-Indo-Iranian *nápāts
Sanskrit नपा॑त् (nápāt)
Sanskrit नप्तृ॑ (náptṛ)
Prakrit 𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (ṇattia)
Inherited from Sanskrit नप्तृ॑ (náptṛ) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


𑀫𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मण</i>

maṇa (romanization)
मण (Devanagari)
𑀫𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: maṇa (see there for further descendants)

Devanagari script: मण

Sharada script: 𑆩𑆟

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *men-
Proto-Indo-European *ménos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas
Sanskrit मनस् (manas)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀡 (maṇa)Inherited from Sanskrit मनस् (manas).


णत्तिअ

ṇattia (romanization)
णत्तिओ (nominative singular)
णत्तिआ (nominative plural)
णत्तिअं (accusative singular)
णत्तिए (accusative plural)
णत्तिआ (accusative plural)
णत्तिएण (instrumental singular)
णत्तिएणं (instrumental singular)
णत्तिएहि (instrumental plural)
णत्तिएहिं (instrumental plural)
णत्तिआअ (dative singular)
णत्तिआओ (ablative singular)
णत्तिआउ (ablative singular)
णत्तिआ (ablative singular)
णत्तिआहि (ablative singular)
णत्तिआहिंतो (ablative singular)
णत्तिअस्स (genitive singular)
णत्तिआण (genitive plural)
णत्तिआणं (genitive plural)
णत्तिअम्मि (locative singular)
णत्तिए (locative singular)
णत्तिएसु (locative plural)
णत्तिएसुं (locative plural)
णत्तिअ (singular vocative)
णत्तिआ (singular vocative)
णत्तिआ (plural vocative)

𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅#Prakrit


𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सत्तु</i>

sattu (romanization)
सत्तु (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽 (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru). Cognate with Pali sattu.


𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: सेतुआ (setuā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सत्तू (sattū), सातू (sātū)

Urdu: سَتُّو (sattū), سَاتُو (sātū)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Bengali: ছাতু (chatu)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: सत्तू (sattū)

Maithili: सतुआ (satuā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

desc

Sinhalese: [script needed] (hat), [script needed] (at), [script needed] (atu)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: सातू, हातू

Nepali: सातु (sātu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਤੂ (sattū)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: सातु (sātu)

Marathi: सातु (sātu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સાતુ (sātu), સાતવો (sātvo)

Inherited from Sanskrit सक्तु॑ (sáktu). Cognate with Pali sattu, satthu.