𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मुद्ध</i>

muddha (romanization)
मुद्ध (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “gone astray; foolish”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mugʰdʰás.


𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अज्ज</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಜ್ಜ</i>

𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja) (Devanagari अज्ज, Kannada ಅಜ್ಜ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ajja (romanization)
अज्ज (Devanagari)
ಅಜ್ಜ (Kannada)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: आयज (āyaj)

Kannada script: ಅಯಜ (āyaj)

Latin script: aiz

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: आजि (āji), आजिं (ājiṃ)

Modi script: 𑘁𑘕𑘲 (ājī), 𑘁𑘕𑘲𑘽 (ājīṃ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁e
Proto-Indo-European *déy-s ~ dy-és
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás
Sanskrit अद्य (adya)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja /ajja/), from Sanskrit अद्य (adyá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-dy-és. Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀬 (ayya), Pali ajjā.

inh+

𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀕𑀡𑀺𑀭𑀻𑀏
𑀧𑀠𑀫-𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀳𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 𑀓𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁄 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀺𑀑
ajjaṃ gao-tti ajjaṃ gao-tti ajjaṃ gao-tti gaṇirīe

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 208

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
‘Today he has left’. ‘Today he has left’. ‘Today he has left’.
Already on the very first morning, she covered the whole wall with lines.

paḍhama-ccia diahaddhe kuḍḍo rehāhi cittalio


𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚

Inherited from Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “noble”).


𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚

Marathi: आज़ा (āj̈ā)

⇒ Marathi: आज़ोबा (āj̈obā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja), ಅಜ್ಜಿ (ajji)

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→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ), അച്ചൻ (accaṉ), അച്ചി (acci)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

→ Tulu: ಅಜ್ಜಿ (ajji), ಅಜ್ಜೆ (ajje)


𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भत्त</i>

bhatta (romanization)
भत्त (Devanagari)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: भातु (bhātu)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ભાત (bhāt)

→ Kachchi: ભાંત (bhā̃t)

Hindustani: bhāt, bhātī

Devanagari script: भात, भाती

Arabic script: بھَات, بھَاتِی

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ভাত (bhat)

Bengali: ভাত (bhat)

Bihari: भात (bhāt)

Bhojpuri: भात (bhāt)

Chakma: 𑄞𑄖𑄴 (bhāt)

Odia: ଭାତ (bhāta)

Rohingya: bát

Sylheti: ꠜꠣꠔ (báto)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: भात (bhāt)

Kumaoni: भात (bhāt)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: भात (bhāt)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: भत्त (bhatt), भात (bhāt)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ބަތް (bat̊)

Sinhalese: බත (bata)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: bhāta

Devanagari script: भात (bhāt)

Latin script: bhat

Kannada script: ಭಾತ್ (bhāt)

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Old Marathi: 𑘥𑘰𑘝𑘹𑘽 (bhāteṃ), 𑘥𑘰𑘝 (bhāta)

Marathi: भात (bhāt)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: bhatt, bhappā

Gurmukhi script: ਭੱਤ, ਭੱਪਾ

Shahmukhi script: بھتّ, بھَپَّا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: bhatu

Arabic script: ڀَتُ

Devanagari script: भतु

Inherited from Sanskrit भक्त (bhaktá). Cognate with Pali bhatta.


𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तिक्ख</i>

tikkha (romanization)
तिक्ख (Devanagari)

Konkani: तीख (tīkh)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: तीख (tīkha), तिख (tikha)

Modi script: 𑘝𑘲𑘏 (tīkha)

Inherited from Sanskrit तीक्ष्ण (tīkṣṇá). Cognate with Pali tikkha.

inh+

[…] 𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀑 𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔-𑀅𑀁𑀓𑀼𑀲𑁂𑀡 […]
[…]tāḍio tikkha-aṃkuseṇa[…]

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti I. Bambhadatta page 16, line 28

[…] [the prince] beat [the elephant] with the sharp hook […]

तिखट

*𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔-𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*tikkha-ṭṭa) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀝𑁆𑀝- (-ṭṭa-))

তীখৰ

*𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔-𑀟 (*tikkha-ḍa) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-))

তীখা

*𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀓 (*tikkhaka) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))


𑀩𑀻𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">बीअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬೀಅ</i>

𑀩𑀻𑀅 (bīa) n (Devanagari बीअ, Kannada ಬೀಅ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

bīa (romanization)
बीअ (Devanagari)
ಬೀಅ (Kannada)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

Konkani: bī

Devanagari script: बी

Kannada script: ಬೀ

Latin script: bim

Old Marathi: bīṃ

Devanagari script: बीं

Modi script: 𑘤𑘲𑘽

→ Tamil: வீயம் (vīyam)

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bíHȷ́am.


𑀤𑀳𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दहि</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">દહિ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಹಿ</i>

𑀤𑀳𑀺 (dahi) n (Devanagari दहि, Gujarati દહિ, Kannada ದಹಿ)

tlb

(Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī, Śaurasenī)

dahi (romanization)
दहि (Devanagari)
દહિ (Gujarati)
ದಹಿ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀤𑀥𑀺 (dádhi). Cognate with Pali dadhi.

𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲-𑀪𑀽𑀫𑀺-𑀪𑀁𑀟𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀁𑀫𑀺 𑀚𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀳𑀸-𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀏 𑀫𑀳𑀡𑁂𑀡
𑀧𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀺𑀫-𑀕𑁄𑀬𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀡-𑀧𑀺𑀁𑀟𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑀭𑀸𑀬𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀭𑁄
āgāsa-bhūmi-bhaṃḍoyaraṃmi jŏnhā-dahīe mahaṇeṇa

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 611

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
The moon was like a lump of butter within the container of the firmament and the earth,
butter produced by the churning of the curds of the moonlight by the dairymaid that is the full moon.


𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुणइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸುಣಇ</i>

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(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇 (suṇaï) (Devanagari सुणइ, Kannada ಸುಣಇ) (transitive)

suṇaï (romanization)
सुणइ (Devanagari)
ಸುಣಇ (Kannada)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: শুন (xun)

Bengali: শোনা (śōna), হুনা (huna)

Odia: ଶୁଣିବା (śuṇibā)

Sylheti: ꠢꠥꠘꠣ (huna)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: सुन्नु (sunnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਸੁਣਨਾ / سُننا (suṇnā)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सुणइ (suṇaï)

Gujarati: સુણવું (suṇvũ)

Romani: śunel (see there for further descendants)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: sunnā

Hindi: सुनना

Urdu: سننا

Inherited from Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇóti) where irregular ṛ > u when not preceded by a labial consonant is probably due to influence from the past participle 𑀲𑀼𑀅 (sua, “heard”) < Sanskrit श्रुत (śruta). Cognate with Pali suṇāti.


𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कुम्म</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">કુમ્મ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕುಮ್ಮ</i>

𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma) m (Devanagari कुम्म, Gujarati કુમ્મ, Kannada ಕುಮ್ಮ, feminine 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀻)

kumma (romanization)
कुम्म (Devanagari)
કુમ્મ (Gujarati)
ಕುಮ್ಮ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀻 (feminine)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (plural vocative)

Sindhi: कुम्मी (kummē)

Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá). Cognate with Pali kumma.


𑀧𑀼𑀳𑀼

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुहु</i>


𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कप्पड</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಪ್ಪಡ</i>

𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (kappaḍa) m (Devanagari कप्पड, Kannada ಕಪ್ಪಡ)

kappaḍa (romanization)
कप्पड (Devanagari)
ಕಪ್ಪಡ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कपड़ा (kapṛā)

Urdu: کَپْڑا (kapṛā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Early Assamese: কাপোড় (kapöṛo)

desc

Assamese: কাপোৰ (kapür), কাপৰ (kapor), কাপুৰ (kapur) — Kamrupi

Bengali: কাপড় (kapoṛ)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄝𑄧𑄢𑄴 (kābar)

Odia: କାଁପଡ଼ା (kā̃paṛā)

Odia: କାଁପଡ଼ା (kā̃paṛā)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠙꠠ (xafoṛo), ꠇꠣꠙꠞ (xafor)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: કપડ઼ો (kapṛo)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਪੜਾ (kappaṛā)

Shahmukhi script: کَپّڑا (kappṛā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَپَڙُ (kapaṛu)

Devanagari script: कपड़ु (kapaṛu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: कपडो (kapḍo)

Kannada script: ಕಪ್ಡೊ (kapḍo)

Latin script: kopddo

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: कापड (kāpaḍa)

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘢𑘚 (kāpaḍa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: કપડું (kapḍũ), કપડ (kapaḍ), કાપડ (kāpaḍ)

Marwari: कपड़ो (kapṛo)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit कद्- (kad-)?
Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.?
Sanskrit पट (paṭa)?
Sanskrit कर्पट (karpaṭa)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (kappaḍa)
Inherited from Sanskrit कर्पट (karpaṭa).


𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मंजार</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಂಜಾರ</i>

𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra) m (Devanagari मंजार, Kannada ಮಂಜಾರ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

maṃjāra (romanization)
मंजार (Devanagari)
ಮಂಜಾರ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मँजार (mañjār)

Urdu: مَنْجَار (manjār)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desc

ମଞ୍ଜାରୀ<der>

Odia: ⇒ ମଞ୍ଜାରୀ (mañjāri)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

මැදිරියා<der>

Sinhalese: ⇒ මැදිරියා (mædiriyā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਮੰਜਾਰੁ (maṃjāru)

Punjabi: ਮਾਂਜਾਰ (māñjār)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: māj̈ar

Devanagari script: माज़र

Kannada script: ಮಾಜ಼ರ್

Latin script: mazor

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: मांजिर (māṃjira)

Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘕𑘲𑘨 (māṃjīra)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Middle Gujarati: मंजार, ⇒ मंजारि, ⇒ मंजारी

Gujarati: મંજાર (mañjār), ⇒ મંજારી (mañjārī)

Marwari: ⇒

Devanagari script: मंजारी (mañjārī), मांजरौ (māñjrau)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅛𑅭𑅑 (mnjri), 𑅬𑅧𑅛𑅭𑅒 (mnjru)

ꢪꢛ꣄ꢙꢶꢬꢶ<der>

Saurashtra: ⇒ ꢪꢛ꣄ꢙꢶꢬꢶ (mañjiri)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)?
Sanskrit मा॒र्जा॒र (mārjārá)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (mārjārá). Cognate with Pali majjāra.

etymon

sa>मा॒र्जा॒र>cat

inh+

𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭-𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁅 𑁈𑁧𑁩𑁨𑁈
𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀤𑁂𑀰𑁅 𑀯𑀸 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀂𑁇 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁄 𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁄𑁇 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁂 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁄𑁇
mārjārasya maṃjara-vaṃjarau .132.

c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 2, 132

mārjāraśabdasya maṃjara vaṃjara ityādeśau vā bhavataḥ. maṃjaro vaṃjaro. pakṣe majjāro.


𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रक्खइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಕ್ಖಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï) (Devanagari रक्खइ, Kannada ರಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive)

rakkhaï (romanization)
रक्खइ (Devanagari)
ರಕ್ಖಇ (Kannada)

Apabhramsa: 𑖨𑖎𑖿𑖏𑖂 (rakkhaï)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi: रषना (raṣanā /rakhanā/)

Hindustani: rakhnā

Hindi: रखना

desc

Urdu: رَکْھنَا

Urdu: رَکْھنَا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: ৰখা (rokha), ৰাখা (rakha)

Middle Bengali: রাখ (rakh)

Bengali: রাখা (rakha)

Sylheti: ꠞꠣꠈꠣ (raxá)

Bihari:

Magahi: 𑂩𑂰𑂎𑂪 (rākhal)

Maithili: rākhab

Devanagari script: राखब

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒰𑒐𑒥

Odia: ରଖିବା (rakhibā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: රකිනවා (rakinawā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: राख्नु (rākhnu)

Western Pahari:

Dogri: rakkhanā

Devanagari script: रक्खना

Dogra script: 𑠤𑠊𑠹𑠋𑠝𑠬

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਰਖਿ (rakhi /rakkhi/), ਰਾਖਿ (rākhi)

Punjabi: rakkhaṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਖਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: رَکّھݨا

Saraiki:

Devanagari script: रखण (rakhaṇ)

Shahmukhi script: رَکَھݨ (rakhaṇ)

Multani script: 𑊢𑊅𑊕 (rkhṇ /rakhaṇ/)

Sindhi: rakhaṇu

Arabic script: رَکَڻُ

Devanagari script: रखणु

Khudabadi script: 𑋙𑊻𑋌𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: राख्चे (rākhce)

Latin script: rakhche

Kannada script: ರಾಕ್ಚೆ

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: राकणे (rākaṇe), राखणे (rākhaṇe)

desctree

Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹 (rākhaṇe), 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘜𑘹 (rākaṇe)
Marathi: rākhṇe
Devanagari script: राखणे
Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹
Varhadi: rākhna
Devanagari script: राखनं
Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘡𑘽

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: राषिवउं (rāṣivaüṃ /rākhivaüṃ/)
Middle Gujarati: राखिवुं (rākhivũ)
Gujarati: રાખવું (rākhvũ)
Rajasthani:
Gojri: رَکْھنو (rakhno)
Malvi: राखणो (rākhṇo)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: राखणौ (rākhṇau)
Mahajani script: 𑅭𑅖𑅢𑅒 (rkhṇu /rākhṇau/)
Mewati: राखणो (rākhṇo)

Romani: rakhel, arakhel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-
Proto-Indo-European *-seti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati
Sanskrit रक्ष॑ति (rákṣati)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀢𑀺 (rákṣati). Cognate to Pali rakkhati.

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rákṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 611: “Pk. rakkhaï”

𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀤𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀙𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁𑀢𑀻
𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀯𑀁𑀥𑀯𑀸𑀡 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀇 𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑁂𑀡 𑀏𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁
ahiāimāṇiṇo duggaassa chāiṃ païssa rakkhaṃtī

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 38

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Protecting the self-image of her husband, who is poor but proud of his breeding,
The wife scorns her own relatives as they arrive with rich presents.

ṇiavaṃdhavāṇa jūraï ghariṇī vihaveṇa eṃtāṇaṃ

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀓𑀳𑁂𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कहेइ</i>

pra-head

𑀓𑀳𑁂𑀇 (kahei) (Devanagari कहेइ) (transitive)

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘮𑘜𑘹 (kahaṇe), 𑘎𑘞𑘜𑘹 (kathaṇe)

𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺 𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺#Prakrit

Maharastri variant of 𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺 (kadhedi, “to say, tell, narrate”)


𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कधेदि</i>

pra-head

𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺 (kadhedi) (Devanagari कधेदि) (transitive)

kadhedi (romanization)
कधेदि (Devanagari)

Braj: कहन (kahan)

Old Gujarati: कहिवउं (kahivaüṃ)

Gujarati: કહેવું (kahevũ)

Hindustani: kahnā

Hindi: कहना

Urdu: کَہْنا (kahnā)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਹਿਣਾ (kahiṇā)

Shahmukhi script: کَہْݨا (kahṇā)

Inherited from Sanskrit कथयति (katháyati, “to tell, say”). Cognate to Pali katheti.


𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुच्छइ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">પુચ્છઇ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುಚ್ಛಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (pucchaï) (Devanagari पुच्छइ, Gujarati પુચ્છઇ, Kannada ಪುಚ್ಛಇ) (transitive)

pucchaï (romanization)
पुच्छइ (Devanagari)
પુચ્છઇ (Gujarati)
ಪುಚ್ಛಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi: pusaṇe

Devanagari script: पुसणे

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘜𑘹

Inherited from Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛccháti). Cognate to Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (pucchadi), Pali pucchati.


𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गहीर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗಹೀರ</i>

𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (gahīra) (Devanagari गहीर, Kannada ಗಹೀರ)

gahīra (romanization)
गहीर (Devanagari)
ಗಹೀರ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Middle Bengali: গহীন (gohin)

Bengali: গহীন (gohin)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: ઘેરું (gherũ)

Marwari: गहर (gahar)

Maithili: gahī̃ra

Devanagari script: गहींर

Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒯𑒲𑓀𑒩

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: गहिर (gahira)

Modi script: 𑘐𑘮𑘲𑘨 (gahīra)

Nepali: गहिरो (gahiro)

Odia: ଗହିର (gahira), ଗଇର (gaira)

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਗਹਿਰੁ (gahiru), ਗਹਰਾ (gaharā), ਗਹੀਰੁ (gahīru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਗਹਿਰਾ (gahirā)
Shahmukhi script: گہرا (ghrā)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi: गहर (gahara)
Braj: गहिरौ (gahirau)
Hindustani: gahrā
Hindi: गहरा
Urdu: گَہْرَا (gahrā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: گَهَرو

Devanagari script: गहरो

desc

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="pra">-𑀓-</i> (-ka-)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀓 (*gahiraka) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Middle Bengali: গহিরা (gohira)

Odia: ଗହିରା (gahirā)


𑀚𑀸𑀬

From Sanskrit जात (jāta), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós.


𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पसिद्धि</i>

𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (pasiddhi) f (Devanagari पसिद्धि)

pasiddhi (romanization)
पसिद्धि (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रसिद्धि (prasiddhi). By surface analysis, 𑀧- (pa-) + 𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (siddhi). Related to 𑀧𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (pasiddha).


𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तक्क</i>

takka (romanization)
तक्क (Devanagari)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: તાક (tāk)

Konkani: ताक (tāk)

Marathi: ताक (tāk)

Inherited from Sanskrit तक्र (takra). Cognate with Pali takka.


𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓

takka (romanization)
तक्क (Devanagari)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit तर्क (tarka). Cognate with Pali takka.


𑀘𑀸𑀬

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चाय</i>

cāya (romanization)
चाय (Devanagari)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀸𑀬 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀸𑀬𑀸 (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit त्याग (tyāga), from Proto-Indo-European *tyegʷ-. Cognate with Pali cāga. Related to the verb 𑀘𑀬𑀇 (cayaï).


𑀭𑁄𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रोअ</i>

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewg-
Sanskrit रोग (roga)
Prakrit 𑀭𑁄𑀅 (roa)Inherited from Sanskrit रोग (roga), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg-.


𑀫𑀽𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मूअ</i>


𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सहस्स</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સહસ્સ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಹಸ್ಸ</i>

𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa) n or m (Devanagari सहस्स, Gujarati સહસ્સ, Kannada ಸಹಸ್ಸ)

tlb

(Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Paiśācī, Śaurasenī)

sahassa (romanization)
सहस्स (Devanagari)
સહસ્સ (Gujarati)
ಸಹಸ್ಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Old Awadhi:

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: सहस (sahas)

Old Hindi: सहस (sahasa)

Middle Hindi: سهس (shs /sahas/)

Hindustani: sahas

Hindi: सहस

Urdu: سَہَس

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਸਹਸ (sahasa /sahansa/)

Sindhi: sahasu

Arabic script: سَهَسُ

Devanagari script: सहसु

Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋞𑋝𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: sahāsa

Devanagari script: सहास

Modi script: 𑘭𑘮𑘰𑘭

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सहस (sahasa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-
Proto-Indo-European *-lom
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram
Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra); see there for more. Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀰 (śahaśśa), Pali sahassa.


𑀲𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಸ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

sasa (romanization)
सस (Devanagari)
ಸಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Konkani: सोंसो (souso)

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘭𑘰 (sasā)

Marathi: ससा (sasā)

Inherited from Sanskrit शश (śaśá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćasás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-.


𑀳𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹಅ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

haa (romanization)
हअ (Devanagari)
ಹಅ (Kannada)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑀢 (hata), from Sanskrit हत (hatá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰatás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰatás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰn̥-tó-s, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill”). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀳𑀤 (hada), Pali hata.


𑀳𑀅

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

Inherited from Sanskrit हृत (hṛtá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥-t-ós, from *gʰer- (“to yearn for”). Cognate with Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀳𑀟 (haḍa), Pali haṭa.


𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अब्भ</i>

abbha (romanization)
अब्भ (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)


𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वत्थ</i>

vattha (romanization)
वत्थ (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit वस्त्र (vastra).


𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वट्ट</i>

vaṭṭa (romanization)
वट्ट (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Konkani: वाट (vāṭ)

Old Marathi: वाट (vāṭa)

Marathi: वाट (vāṭ)

Varli: વાટ

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਟ (vāṭ)

Shahmukhi script: واٹ (vāṭ)

Inherited from Sanskrit वर्त्म (vártma), from Proto-Indo-European *wértmn̥. Cognate with Pali vaṭuma.


𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (kaṇiṭṭha)

From Sanskrit कनिष्ठ (kaniṣṭha), superlative of कनीन (kanīna).


𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सिट्ठ</i>

siṭṭha (romanization)
सिट्ठ (Devanagari)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सीठा (sīṭhā)

desc

Urdu: سِیٹھا (sīṭhā)

Urdu: سِیٹھا (sīṭhā)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱeys-?
Sanskrit शिष् (śiṣ)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭa)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (siṭṭha)
Inherited from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭa, “left over”).


𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-
Sanskrit शास् (śās)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭa)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (siṭṭha)
Inherited from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭa, “taught”).


𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

Northern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Nepali: सिट्टो (siṭṭo, “a kind of game”)

⇒ Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: (“to throw”)

Gurmukhi script: ਸੁੱਟਣਾ (suṭṭaṇā)

Shahmukhi script: سَٹّݨا (saṭṭṇā), سُٹّݨا (suṭṭṇā)

Saraiki: سَٹَّݨ (saṭṭaṇ)

Sindhi: سَٽَڻُ (saṭaṇu, “to cast, throw”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *sr̥štás
Sanskrit सृष्ट (sṛṣṭa)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (siṭṭha)
Inherited from Sanskrit सृष्ट (sṛṣṭa, “let go, released”). Cognate with Pali saṭṭha.


𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱreyH-der.?
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás
Proto-Indo-European *-istHos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ištʰas
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćráyHištʰas
Sanskrit श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (siṭṭha)
Inherited from Sanskrit श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha, “best”).


𑀫𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मुज्झइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮುಜ್ಝಇ</i>

𑀫𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (mujjhaï) (Devanagari मुज्झइ, Kannada ಮುಜ್ಝಇ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

mujjhaï (romanization)
मुज्झइ (Devanagari)
ಮುಜ್ಝಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit मुह्यति (muhyati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mawǰʰ-.


𑀫𑀳𑀼𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">महुर</i>


𑀚𑀉

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಉ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

jaü (romanization)
जउ (Devanagari)
ಜಉ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀉𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀉 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀊 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀉 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀊 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀉𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀉𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀉 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀊 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀊 (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit जतु (jatu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰátu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu.


𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तुप्प</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತುಪ್ಪ</i>

𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (tuppa) n (Devanagari तुप्प, Kannada ತುಪ್ಪ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

tuppa (romanization)
तुप्प (Devanagari)
ತುಪ್ಪ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

→ Gujarati: તૂપ (tūp)

Konkani: tūp

Devanagari script: तूप

Kannada script: ತೂಪ್

Latin script: tup

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: तुप (tupa), तूप (tūpa)

Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘢 (tupa)

desctree

→ Old Kannada: ತುಪ್ಪ (tuppa)
Kannada: ತುಪ್ಪ (tuppa)

𑀲𑁄𑀊𑀡 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀇-𑀯𑀳𑀁 𑀫𑀼𑀅𑀇 𑀲𑀭𑁄𑀲𑀁 𑀤𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀡𑁄 𑀩𑀸𑀳-𑀚𑀮𑀁
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅-𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀁 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑀟𑀇 𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁-𑀯 𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀡𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸
soūṇa iṃdaï-vahaṃ muaï sarosaṃ dasāṇaṇo bāha-jalaṃ
abbhuttia-dīvāṇaṃ ṇivaḍaï tuppaṃ-va takkhaṇaṃ-cia vihiṇā

c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XV, line 38

Hearing that Indrajit was slain, Ravana shed tears in anger that dropped at the moment,
like the clarified butter of lighted lamps, touched by the flame.

1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique


𑀲𑀉𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सउण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಉಣ</i>

𑀲𑀉𑀡 (saüṇa) m (Devanagari सउण, Kannada ಸಉಣ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

saüṇa (romanization)
सउण (Devanagari)
ಸಉಣ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Konkani: सवणें (savṇẽ)

Inherited from Sanskrit शकुन (śakuná, “bird”).


𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उच्छु</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಉಚ್ಛು</i>

𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (ucchu) m (Devanagari उच्छु, Kannada ಉಚ್ಛು)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ucchu (romanization)
उच्छु (Devanagari)
ಉಚ್ಛು (Kannada)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (nominative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (singular vocative)

Konkani: ū̃s

Devanagari script: ऊंस (ūusa)

Kannada script: ಊಂಸ್ (ūṃs)

Latin script: us

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: उस (usa)

Modi script: 𑘄𑘭 (usa)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit इक्षु (ikṣu)
Prakrit 𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (ucchu)
Inherited from Sanskrit इक्षु (ikṣú). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼 (ikkhu).


𑀡𑀺𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णिअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಿಅ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ṇia (romanization)
णिअ (Devanagari)
ಣಿಅ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit नीत (nītá, “led”). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀡𑀻𑀤 (ṇīda), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀦𑀺𑀬 (niya), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀡𑀻𑀤 (ṇīda), Pali nīta.


𑀯𑀲𑀳

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वसह</i>

Old Awadhi: बसह (basaha)

Bhojpuri: बसहा (basᵊhā)

Hindi: बसह (basah)

Marathi: वसू (vasū)


𑀏𑀆𑀭𑀺𑀲

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एआरिस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಏಆರಿಸ</i>

𑀏𑀆𑀭𑀺𑀲 (eārisa) (Devanagari एआरिस, Kannada ಏಆರಿಸ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

eārisa (romanization)
एआरिस (Devanagari)
ಏಆರಿಸ (Kannada)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀏𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀲 (etārisa), from Sanskrit एतादृश (etādṛśa). Compare 𑀈𑀇𑀲 (īisa), 𑀈𑀭𑀺𑀲 (īrisa), 𑀏𑀈𑀲 (eīsa), 𑀏𑀭𑀺𑀲 (erisa). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀤𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀲 (edārisa), Pali etādisa.


𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एगारस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಏಗಾರಸ</i>

𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲 (egārasa) (Devanagari एगारस, Kannada ಏಗಾರಸ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

egārasa (romanization)
एगारस (Devanagari)
ಏಗಾರಸ (Kannada)

Konkani: इक्रा (ikrā)

Marathi: अकरा (akrā)

Old Gujarati: इग्यार (igyāra)

Gujarati: અગિયાર (agiyār)

Marwari: इगियारै (igiyārai)

Kachchi: ઇગ્યારો (igyāro)

Hindustani: gyārah

desc

Hindi: ग्यारह

Hindi: ग्यारह

Urdu: گیارہ (gyārh)

Nepali: एघार (eghār)

Punjabi: ਗਿਆਰਾਂ (giārā̃)

Sindhi: يَارَنھَن, يَارَھَن

Sindhi: يَارَنھَن, يَارَھَن / यारंहं (yārãhã)

Inherited from Sanskrit एकादश (ekādaśa).


𑀭𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रुट्ठ</i>

ruṭṭha (romanization)
रुट्ठ (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit रुष्ट (ruṣṭa, “angry, vexed”). Compare Pali ruṭṭha.


𑀧𑀺𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पिउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಿಉ</i>

𑀧𑀺𑀉 (piu) m (Devanagari पिउ, Kannada ಪಿಉ)

piu (romanization)
पिउ (Devanagari)
ಪಿಉ (Kannada)

Hindi: पिउ (piu)

Punjabi: ਪਿਓ (pio)

Inherited from Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ́). Cognate with Pali pitar.


𑀫𑁂𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मेह</i>

meha (romanization)
मेह (Devanagari)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀰 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀰𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁂𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘹𑘮 (meha)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মেহ (meh)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਂਹ m (mī̃h)

Shahmukhi script: مِین٘ہہ m (mīṉh)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: મેહ (meh)

Hindi: मेंह (mẽh)

Inherited from Sanskrit मेघ (megha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmaygʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃moygʰós.


𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वोहित्त</i>

𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (vohitta) n (Devanagari वोहित्त)

vohitta (romanization)
वोहित्त (Devanagari)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit वहित्र (vahitra), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰitlom.


𑀅𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अण</i>

aṇa (romanization)
अण (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)


𑀰𑀼𑀰𑁆𑀓

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">शुश्क</i>

𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔#Prakrit


𑀓𑀢

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कत</i>

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀢 (kata), from Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá).


समुच्चय

samuccaya (romanization)
समुच्चयो (nominative singular)
समुच्चया (nominative plural)
समुच्चयं (accusative singular)
समुच्चये (accusative plural)
समुच्चया (accusative plural)
समुच्चयेण (instrumental singular)
समुच्चयेणं (instrumental singular)
समुच्चयेहि (instrumental plural)
समुच्चयेहिं (instrumental plural)
समुच्चयाअ (dative singular)
समुच्चयाओ (ablative singular)
समुच्चयाउ (ablative singular)
समुच्चया (ablative singular)
समुच्चयाहि (ablative singular)
समुच्चयाहिंतो (ablative singular)
समुच्चयस्स (genitive singular)
समुच्चयाण (genitive plural)
समुच्चयाणं (genitive plural)
समुच्चयम्मि (locative singular)
समुच्चये (locative singular)
समुच्चयेसु (locative plural)
समुच्चयेसुं (locative plural)
समुच्चय (singular vocative)
समुच्चया (singular vocative)
समुच्चया (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀬 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀬#Prakrit


𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अय्य</i>

Old Bengali: আজি (āji)

Bengali: আজ (aj)

Rohingya: aijja

Sylheti: ꠀꠁꠎ (aiz), ꠀꠁꠎꠇꠥ (aizoku)

Early Assamese: আজি (aji)

Assamese: আজি (azi)

Odia: ଆଜି (āji)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja /ajja/), from Sanskrit अद्य (adyá). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja), Maharastri Prakrit 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja).


𑀯𑀁𑀕

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वंग</i>

Old Hindi: बांगड़ू (bā̃gaṛū)

Sinhalese: වඟි (waⁿgi)

Inherited from Sanskrit व्यङ्ग (vyaṅga).


𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उज्जोअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಉಜ್ಜೋಅ</i>

𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 (ujjoa) m (Devanagari उज्जोअ, Kannada ಉಜ್ಜೋಅ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ujjoa (romanization)
उज्जोअ (Devanagari)
ಉಜ್ಜೋಅ (Kannada)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀆 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit उद्योग (udyoga).


𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ujjoa (romanization)
उज्जोअ (Devanagari)
ಉಜ್ಜೋಅ (Kannada)

Konkani: उजो (ujo, “fire”)

Inherited from Sanskrit उद्द्योत (uddyota, “flashing, shining”).

inh+

𑀮𑁄𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄𑀅𑀕𑀭𑁂, 𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬𑀭𑁂 𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁂. 𑀅𑀭𑀺𑀳𑀁𑀢𑁂 𑀓𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁃𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁, 𑀘𑁅𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀁 𑀧𑀺 𑀓𑁂𑀯𑀮𑀻

I will eulogize all of twenty four kevalis, who shed divine light on the universe, the establishers of religious order, the conquerors and worthy of worship in three worlds.

logassa ujjoagare, dhammatitthayare jiṇe. arihaṃte kittaissaṃ, cauvīsaṃ pi kevalī


𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णिद्दा</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಿದ್ದಾ</i>

𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā) f (Devanagari णिद्दा, Kannada ಣಿದ್ದಾ)

ṇiddā (romanization)
णिद्दा (Devanagari)
ಣಿದ್ದಾ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central:

Eastern Hindi:

desc

Old Awadhi: नींद (nīṃda), नीदउँ (nīdaüm̐)

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: नीद (nīd), नीदउँ (nīda͠u)

Braj: नींद (nīnd)

Bundeli: नींद (nīnd)

Old Hindi: नींद (nīṃda), नीद (nīda)

Hindustani: nīnd

Hindi: नींद

Urdu: نِیْند

Urdu: نِیْند

Eastern:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: নিন্দ (nindo)

Old Bengali: নিন্দ

Middle Bengali: নিন্দ (nindo)

Bengali: নিন্দ (nindo)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: nīnd, nīn, nīnrī

Devanagari script: नींद, नीन, नीनरी

Kaithi script: 𑂢𑂲𑂁𑂠, 𑂢𑂲𑂢, 𑂢𑂲𑂢𑂩𑂲

Maithili: nīn

Devanagari script: नीन

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒲𑒢

Odia: ନିଦ (nida)

Northern:

Central:

Nepali: निनी (ninī), नीद (nīd)

Western:

Dogri: nīndar

Devanagari script: नींदर

Dogra script: 𑠝𑠮𑠷𑠛𑠤

Northwestern:

Old Punjabi: ਨੀਂਦ (nīnda)

Punjabi: nīnd, nīndar

Gurmukhi script: ਨੀਂਦ, ਨੀਂਦਰ

Shahmukhi script: نِیند, نِیندَر

Saraiki: نِݨْدر (niṇdr), نِیݨْدر (nīṇdr)

Sindhi: ninḍa

Arabic script: نِنڊَ

Devanagari script: निन्ड

Khudabadi script: 𑋑𑋡𑋑𑋪𑋈

Southern:

Insular:

Dhivehi: ނިދި (nidi)

Sinhalese: නින්ද (ninda), නිදී (nidī), නිඳි (niⁿdi)

Marathi-Konkani:

Konkani: nhīd

Devanagari script: न्हीद

Kannada script: ನ್ಹೀದ್

Latin script: nhid

Old Marathi: nīd

Devanagari script: नीद

Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘟𑘿

Western:

Gojri: نِیند (nīnd), نِیندرو (nīndro)

Middle Gujarati: नीद

Gujarati: નીંદ (nī̃d), નીંદર (nī̃dar)

Malvi: नींद (nīnd)

Old Marwari: नीद (nīd), नींद (nīnd)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: नींद (nīnd), निंदरा (nindrā)

Mahajani script: 𑅧𑅑𑅧𑅥 (nind), 𑅧𑅑𑅧𑅥𑅭 (nindr)

Nimadi: नींद (nīnd)

→ Kannada: ನಿದ್ದೆ (nidde)

→ Tamil: நித்தை (nittai)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH
Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā)
Prakrit 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā)From Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH.
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (nidrā́). Cognate with Pali niddā.

etymon

𑀮𑁄𑀑 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀇, 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀉! 𑀯𑀅𑀡𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀳𑁄𑀉 𑀢𑀁 𑀡𑀸𑀫𑁇
𑀏𑀳𑀺! 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀸𑀲𑁂 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀯𑀇 𑀡 𑀏𑀇 𑀫𑁂 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸
loo jūraï, jūraü! vaaṇijjaṃ hoi hou taṃ ṇāma.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 530

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
“People will be angry.” Let them be. “They will disapprove.” Who cares?
Come, forget about your period, and snuggle down beside me, for I can get no sleep.

ehi! ṇimajjasu pāse pupphavaï ṇa ei me ṇiddā

𑀢𑀸 𑀆𑀕𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀬𑀫 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 𑀫𑀏 𑀇𑀫𑀁 𑀪𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀁
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀅𑀳𑀁 𑀇𑀳𑀇𑀁 𑀘𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀏𑀇 𑀫𑀳 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸
tā āgacchasu piyayama tumaṃ-pi tatto mae imaṃ bhaṇiyaṃ

c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 315

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
so come along, you too, darling.’ Then I replied:
‘You go, I shall stay here as sleep is coming over me.’

vacca tumaṃ ahaṃ ihaïṃ ciṭṭhissāmi ei maha niddā


सिरा

𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀸 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀸#Prakrit


𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एसज्ज</i>

esajja (romanization)
एसज्ज (Devanagari)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚 (singular vocative)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya).


𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विज्जु</i>

vijju (romanization)
विज्जु (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: વીજ (vīj)

Konkani: वीज (vīj̈)

Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘲𑘕𑘳 (vīju)

Marathi: वीज (vīj̈)

Inherited from Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut). Cognate with Pali vijju.


𑀲𑀸𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">साउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಾಉ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

sāu (romanization)
साउ (Devanagari)
ಸಾಉ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit स्वादु (svādu), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).


𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जिण्ण</i>

jiṇṇa (romanization)
जिण्ण (Devanagari)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Hindustani: jīn

Hindi: जीन

Urdu: جین (jen)

Odia: ଜୀନ (jina)


𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡

Alternative form of 𑀚𑀺𑀅 (jia, “won, conquered”)


𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चम्म</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ચમ્મ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಮ್ಮ</i>

𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) n (Devanagari चम्म, Gujarati ચમ્મ, Kannada ಚಮ್ಮ)

camma (romanization)
चम्म (Devanagari)
ચમ્મ (Gujarati)
ಚಮ್ಮ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Assamese: চাম (sam)

Bagheli: चाम (cām)

Bengali: চাম (cam)

Chakma: 𑄌𑄟𑄴 (cām)

Chhattisgarhi: चाम (cām)

Dhivehi: ހަން (han̊)

Gojri: چَم (cam)

Gujarati: ચામ (cām)

Old Hindi: चांब (cā̃b), चांम (cā̃m)

Hindustani: cām

Hindi: चाम

Urdu: چَام (cām)

Magahi: 𑂒𑂰𑂧 (cām)

Malvi: चाम (cām)

Old Marathi: cāma

Devanagari script: चाम

Modi script: 𑘓𑘰𑘦

Maithili: cām

Devanagari script: चाम

Tirhuta script: 𑒔𑒰𑒧

Marwari:

Devanagari script: चाब (cāb), चांम (cā̃m)

Mahajani script: 𑅙𑅪 (cb), 𑅙𑅧𑅬 (cnm)

Nepali: चाम (cām)

Odia: ଚମ (cama)

Old Punjabi: ਚੰਮੁ (cammu)

Punjabi: camm

Gurmukhi script: ਚੰਮ

Shahmukhi script: چَمّ

Saraiki: چَم (cam)

Sindhi: camu

Arabic script: چَمُ

Devanagari script: चमु

Khudabadi script: 𑋀𑋗𑋣

Sinhalese: සම (sama), හම (hama)

Old Punjabi: ਚਮੜੀPunjabi: camṛīGurmukhi script: ਚਮੜੀShahmukhi script: چَمْڑِی

𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅! 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀅-𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑀺𑀅-𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 𑀯𑀸𑀳-𑀚𑀼𑀆𑀡𑁄 𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀥𑀡𑀼𑀁 𑀡 𑀡𑀸𑀫𑁂𑀇
aṇṇesu pahia! pucchasu vāhaa-puttesu pusia-cammāiṃ

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 631

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Trader, for hides of the spotted deer, you’ll have to go elsewhere
Our young hunter no longer bends his bow to shoot deer.

amhaṃ vāha-juāṇo hāriṇesu dhaṇuṃ ṇa ṇāmei


𑀭𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रित्त</i>

𑀭𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀕 (rittaga)

Hindi: रीता (rītā)

Konkani: रित्तें (rittẽ)

Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘱𑘝 (rita)

Marathi: रिते (rite)


𑀧𑁂𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पेअ</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रेत (preta). Cognate with Pali peta.


𑀧𑁂𑀅

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रेयस् (preyas), comparative of प्रिय (priya, “beloved, dear”).


𑀚𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जित्त</i>

Gujarati: જીતવું (jītvũ, “to win”)

Hindi: जीतना (jītnā, “to win”)

Punjabi: ਜਿੱਤਣਾ (jittaṇā, “to win”)


𑀚𑁂𑀤𑀺

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जेदि</i>

pra-head

𑀚𑁂𑀤𑀺 (jedi) (Devanagari जेदि) (transitive, intransitive)

Inherited from Sanskrit जयति (jáyati). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑁂𑀇 (jei), Pali jeti.


𑀢𑁂𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तेल</i>

𑀢𑁳𑀮𑁆𑀮 𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮#Prakrit

Alternative form of 𑀢𑁳𑀮𑁆𑀮 (tĕlla, “oil”)


𑀣𑁂𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">थेर</i>

thera (romanization)
थेर (Devanagari)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit स्थविर (sthávira). Cognate with Pali thera, Gandhari 𐨠𐨅𐨪 (thera), Niya Prakrit 𐨚𐨅𐨪 (ṭera).


𑀣𑁂𑀭

thera (romanization)
थेर (Devanagari)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀣𑁂𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)


𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वक्खाण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವಕ್ಖಾಣ</i>

𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (vakkhāṇa) n (Devanagari वक्खाण, Kannada ವಕ್ಖಾಣ)

vakkhāṇa (romanization)
वक्खाण (Devanagari)
ವಕ್ಖಾಣ (Kannada)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)

Central:

Eastern Hindi:

desc

Old Awadhi: बखान (bakhāna), बखानू (bakhānū)

Awadhi: बखानु (bakhānu)

Bagheli: बखान (bakhān)

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: बखान (bakhān)

Braj: बखान (bakhān)

Bundeli: बखान (bakhān)

Hindustani: bakhān

Hindi: बखान

Urdu: بَکَھان (bakhān)

Eastern:

Old Bengali: বখান

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: bakhān

Devanagari script: बखान

Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂎𑂰𑂢

Maithili: bakhān

Devanagari script: बखान

Tirhuta script: 𑒥𑒐𑒰𑒢

Odia: ବଖାଣ (bakhāṇa)

Northern:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: बखान (bakhān)

Western Pahari:

Dogri: bakhān

Devanagari script: बखान

Dogra script: 𑠠𑠋𑠬𑠝

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: बखान (bakhān)

Northwestern:

Old Punjabi: ਵਖਾਣੁ (vakhāṇu), ਵਖਿਆਣੁ (vakhiāṇu), ਵਖਿਆਨੁ (vakhiānu)

Punjabi: vakhāṇ, bakhāṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਵਖਾਣ, ਬਖਾਣ

Shahmukhi script: وَکھان, بَکھان

Sindhi: vākhāṇa

Arabic script: واکاڻَ

Devanagari script: वाखाण

Sindhi: 𑋛𑋠𑊻𑋠𑋌

Southern:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: वाखाणणी (vākhāṇṇī)

Kannada script: ವಾಖಣ್ಣಿ

Latin script: vakhann’nni

Old Marathi: vākhāṇa

Devanagari script: वाखाण

Modi script: 𑘪𑘰𑘏𑘰𑘜

Western:

Old Gujarati: वक्खाण (vakkhāṇa)

Middle Gujarati: वक्खाण, वखाण

Gujarati: વખાણ (vakhāṇ)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: बखाण (bakhāṇ), बखांण (bakhā̃ṇ), ब़खांण (b̤akhāṇṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅪𑅖𑅢 (bkhṇ), 𑅪𑅖𑅧𑅢 (bkhnṇ), 𑅪𑅳𑅖𑅧𑅢 (b̤khnṇ)

→ Kannada: ಒಕ್ಕಣೆ (okkaṇe), ವಕ್ಕಣೆ (vakkaṇe)

→ Malayalam: വക്കാണം (vakkāṇaṁ)

→ Tamil: வக்கணை (vakkaṇai)

→ Telugu: వక్కణ (vakkaṇa), వక్కాణ (vakkāṇa)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀔𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀦 (vyākhyā́na).

inh+

ಒಕ್ಕಣಿಸು

⇒ Old Kannada: ವಕ್ಖಣಿಸು (vakkhaṇisu), ವಕ್ಖಾಣಿಸು (vakkhāṇisu)

𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑀻𑀬-𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀬𑁄𑀭𑀼𑀧𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀂 𑁈𑁯𑁈
𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑀻𑀬𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀬𑁄𑀭𑁆𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀲𑀁𑀕𑁂 𑀉𑀧𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀯𑁅 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀂𑁇 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑀻𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀧𑀭𑀺
𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀧𑀭𑀺 𑀢𑀾𑀢𑀻𑀬 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀭𑁆𑀣𑀂𑁇 𑀰𑁂𑀱𑁇 𑀯𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁𑁇 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁄𑁇 𑀫𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑁇
𑀦𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀭𑁄𑁇 𑀓𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀁𑁇 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁𑁇 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀡𑁄𑁇 𑀕𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑁇 𑀦𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄𑁇 𑀆𑀤𑁂𑀰𑁇 𑀚𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁄𑁇
𑀖𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻𑁇 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀁𑁇 𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑁇 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠𑁄𑁇 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄𑁇 𑀆𑀮𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁄𑁇
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑁇 𑀪𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀮𑁄𑁇 𑀢𑁃𑀮𑀸𑀤𑁅 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀯𑁂 𑀑𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀮𑀁𑁇 𑀲𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀤𑁅
𑀦𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑁇 𑀦𑀳𑀸𑁇 𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀲𑁂𑁇 𑀓𑀇-𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀑 𑀓𑀇-𑀥𑀑𑁇 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀯 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀬𑁂𑀯𑁇 𑀔𑀸𑀑𑁇
dvitīya-turyayorupari pūrvaḥ .9.
dvitīyaturyayŏrdvitvaprasaṃge upari pūrvau bhavataḥ. dvitīyasyopari
prathamaścaturthasyopari tṛtīya ityarthaḥ. śeṣa. vakkhāṇaṃ. vaggho. mucchā.
nijjharo. kaṭṭhaṃ. titthaṃ. niddhaṇo. gupphaṃ. nibbharo. ādeśa. jakkho.
ghasya nāsti. acchī. majjhaṃ. paṭṭhī. vuḍḍho. hattho. āliddho.
pupphaṃ. bhibbhalo. tailādau dvitve ŏkkhalaṃ. sevādau

c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 2.90

nakkhā. nahā. samāse. kaï-ddhao kaï-dhao. dvitva ityeva. khāo.


𑀞𑀺𑀬

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ठिय</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಠಿಯ</i>

𑀞𑀺𑀬 (ṭhiya) (Devanagari ठिय, Kannada ಠಿಯ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

ṭhiya (romanization)
ठिय (Devanagari)
ಠಿಯ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit स्थित (sthita), from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂tós.


𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चदुक्क</i>

cadukka (romanization)
चदुक्क (Devanagari)

Gujarati: ચોક (cok)

Hindustani: cauk

Hindi: चौक

Urdu: چَوک

Nepali: चोक (cok)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕ (cauk)

Shahmukhi script: چوک (cok)

𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓 𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓#Prakrit


𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चउक्क</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ચઉક્ક</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಉಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓 (caükka) n (Devanagari चउक्क, Gujarati ચઉક્ક, Kannada ಚಉಕ್ಕ)

caükka (romanization)
चउक्क (Devanagari)
ચઉક્ક (Gujarati)
ಚಉಕ್ಕ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindustani: cauk, caukā, cauk

desc

Hindi: चौक, चौका, चौकी

Hindi: चौक, चौका, चौकी

Urdu: چَوک, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Urdu: چَوک, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Eastern:

Assamese: চৌকা (souka), চকী (soki)

Bengali: চক (cok), চৌক (cōuk), চৌকা (cōuka)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: चउक (cauk), चउका (caukā)

Maithili: चौकी (caukī)

Odia: ଚଉକ (cauka), ଚୌକା (caukā), ଚଉକି (cauki)

Northern:

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (ċöuk)

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: चौक, चौखो, चौको

Kumaoni: चौक, चौखो, चौको

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: चौक (cauk), चौको (cauko), चौकि (cauki)

Northwestern:

Sindhi: caũku, caũko, caũkī

Arabic script: چَونڪُ, چَونڪو, چَونڪِي

Arabic script: چَونڪُ, چَونڪو, چَونڪِي

Devanagari script: चौँकु, चौँको, चौँकी

Punjabi: cauk, caukkā, caukā, caukī

Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕ, ਚੌੱਕਾ, ਚੌਕਾ, ਚੌਕੀ

Shahmukhi script: چَوک, چَوکَّا, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Southern:

Konkani: cauku

Devanagari script: चौक

Latin script: chouk

Kannada script: ಚೌಕ್

Old Marathi: cauka

Devanagari script: चौक

Modi script: 𑘓𑘼𑘎

Western:

Gujarati: ચોક (cok), ચોકો (coko), ચોકી (cokī), ચોકિયું (cokiyũ)

Inherited from Sanskrit चतुष्क (catuṣka). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cadukka).

inh+

𑀘𑀉𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓-𑀘𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀭-𑀢𑀺𑀬-𑀕𑁄𑀬𑀭-𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀲𑀼-𑀯𑀺𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀭𑀫𑀡𑀻𑀬𑀸 𑀭𑀸𑀫-𑀲𑀭𑁄-𑀧𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀡𑀻-𑀦𑀺𑀬𑀭-𑀲𑀁𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸

[There in that pleasant country […] ] is a city properly divided by gates giving access to squares, court-yards, and intersections of three or four roads, attractive and possessed of numbers of agreeable lakes and lotus-pools.

caümuha-caükka-caccara-tiya-goyara-toraṇehi su-vibhattā ramaṇīyā rāma-saro-pukkharaṇī-niyara-saṃjuttā


𑀥𑀽𑀆

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">धूआ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಧೂಆ</i>

𑀥𑀽𑀆 (dhūā) f (Devanagari धूआ, Kannada ಧೂಆ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

dhūā (romanization)
धूआ (Devanagari)
ಧೂಆ (Kannada)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindi: धिया (dhiyā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Early Assamese: ঝিউ (jhiu)
Assamese: জী (zi), জীয় (zio), ঝীয়া (zhia)

Bengali: ঝি (jhi)

Bihari:

Magahi: धिआ (dhiā)

Odia: ଝିଅ (jhia)

Rohingya: zí

Sylheti: ꠏꠤ (zí)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: දුව (duwa)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: धूव (dhūv)

Old Marathi: 𑘠𑘳𑘪𑘰 (dhuvā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: ધી (dhī)

Old Punjabi: ਧੀਅ (dhīa)
Punjabi: dhī
Gurmukhi script: ਧੀ
Shahmukhi script: دھی

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڌِيءَ (dhīa)

Devanagari script: धीअ (dhīa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: धूय (dhūya)

Gujarati: ધિ (dhi)

Inherited from Sanskrit दुहितृ (dúhitṛ).


𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सोळस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೋಳಸ</i>

𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲 (soḷasa) (Devanagari सोळस, Kannada ಸೋಳಸ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

soḷasa (romanization)
सोळस (Devanagari)
ಸೋಳಸ (Kannada)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Fiji Hindi: sorah

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ষোল্ল (xüllo)

Bengali: ষোলো (śōlō)

Odia: ଶୋଳ (śoḷa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲 (soḷasa)

Marathi: सोळा (soḷā)

Konkani: सोळा (sôḷā)

Helu Prakrit:

→ Dhivehi: ސޯޅަ (sōḷa)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: સોળ (soḷ)

Hindi: सोलह (solah)

Nepali: सोह्र (sohra)

Punjabi: soḷhāṉ}}

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਸੋਲ਼ਹ, ਸੋਲ਼੍ਹਾਂ, ਸੋਲ਼ਾਂ

Shahmukhi script: سوࣇَہ, سوࣇہاں, سوࣇاں

Inherited from Vedic Sanskrit *षोळश (ṣoḷaśa) (whence Sanskrit षोडश (ṣoḍaśa)).


𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जुज्झइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜುಜ್ಝಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (jujjhaï) (Devanagari जुज्झइ, Kannada ಜುಜ್ಝಇ) (intransitive)

jujjhaï (romanization)
जुज्झइ (Devanagari)
ಜುಜ್ಝಇ (Kannada)

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘳𑘖𑘜𑘹 (jujhaṇe), 𑘕𑘳𑘽𑘖𑘜𑘹 (juṃjhaṇe)

Marathi: झुंजणे (jhuñjṇe)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੂਝਣਾ (jūjhṇā)

Shahmukhi script: جُوجھݨا (jūjhṇā)

Inherited from Sanskrit युध्यते (yúdhyate). Cognate with Pali yujjhati.

inh+

যুঁজা

𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀤𑀺 (jujjhadi) — Śaurasenī, *Magadhi


𑀡𑀳

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णह</i>

ṇaha (romanization)
णह (Devanagari)
𑀡𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)


𑀡𑀳

ṇaha (romanization)
णह (Devanagari)
𑀡𑀳𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀳𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)


𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तत्थ</i>

Old Marathi: tetha

Devanagari script: तेथ

Modi script: 𑘝𑘹𑘞

Inherited from Sanskrit तत्र (tátra). Cognate with Pali tattha.


महावीर

mahāvīra (romanization)
महावीरो (nominative singular)
महावीरा (nominative plural)
महावीरं (accusative singular)
महावीरे (accusative plural)
महावीरा (accusative plural)
महावीरेण (instrumental singular)
महावीरेणं (instrumental singular)
महावीरेहि (instrumental plural)
महावीरेहिं (instrumental plural)
महावीराअ (dative singular)
महावीराओ (ablative singular)
महावीराउ (ablative singular)
महावीरा (ablative singular)
महावीराहि (ablative singular)
महावीराहिंतो (ablative singular)
महावीरस्स (genitive singular)
महावीराण (genitive plural)
महावीराणं (genitive plural)
महावीरम्मि (locative singular)
महावीरे (locative singular)
महावीरेसु (locative plural)
महावीरेसुं (locative plural)
महावीर (singular vocative)
महावीरा (singular vocative)
महावीरा (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀭 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀭#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀭 (“Mahavira”)


𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तुम्ह</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತುಮ್ಹ</i>

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳 (tumha) (Devanagari तुम्ह, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

tumha (romanization)
तुम्ह (Devanagari)
ತುಮ್ಹ (Kannada)

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂#Prakrit


𑀕𑀅

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗಅ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

gaa (romanization)
गअ (Devanagari)
ಗಅ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit गत (gatá). Cognate with Pali gata.


𑀕𑀅

𑀕𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 𑀕𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇#Prakrit


𑀕𑀅

gaa (romanization)
गअ (Devanagari)
𑀕𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀆 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit गज (gaja). Cognate with Pali gaja.


𑀤𑀔𑀺𑀦𑀸𑀧𑀣𑀧𑀢𑀺

From 𑀤𑀔𑀺𑀦𑀸𑀧𑀣 (dakhināpatha) + 𑀧𑀢𑀺 (pati), from Sanskrit दक्षिणापथ (dakṣiṇāpatha). Literally, “Lord of the Deccan”.

[…] 𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀲 𑀲𑀽𑀭𑀲 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀢𑀺𑀳𑀢𑀘𑀓𑀲 𑀤𑀔𑀺𑀦𑀸𑀧𑀣𑀧𑀢𑀺𑀦𑁄 𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀲 𑀲𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀬 […]
[…]vīrasa sūrasa apratihatacakasa dakhināpathapatino raño simukasātavāhanasa sunhāya[…]

c. 100 BCE, Nāṇeghāṭ Inscription left wall, line 2

[…] of the brave hero, whose rule is unopposed, of the lord of the Deccan […]


𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दक्खावइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ</i>

𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑀇 (dakkhāvaï) (Devanagari दक्खावइ, Kannada ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

dakkhāvaï (romanization)
दक्खावइ (Devanagari)
ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi: 𑘟𑘰𑘏𑘪𑘱𑘜𑘹 (dākhaviṇe)

Marathi: दाखवणे (dākhavṇe)


𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पव्वय</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪವ್ವಯ</i>

𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀬 (pavvaya) m (Devanagari पव्वय, Kannada ಪವ್ವಯ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pavvaya (romanization)
पव्वय (Devanagari)
ಪವ್ವಯ (Kannada)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Odia: [script needed] (pābuli, “hill”) (Sambalpur)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: [script needed] (pavuva, “rock, hill”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਬੀ (pabbī, “hill”)

Saraiki: پَبِّی (pabbiī, “hill”)

Inherited from Sanskrit पर्वत (párvata). Cognate to Pali pabbata, Niya Prakrit 𐨤𐨪𐨿𐨬𐨟 (parvata).


𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मरगद</i>

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 (maragada) m or n (Devanagari मरगद)

maragada (romanization)
मरगद (Devanagari)

From Sanskrit मरकत (marakata). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya).


𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मरगय</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">મરગય</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮರಗಯ</i>

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya) m or n (Devanagari मरगय, Gujarati મરગય, Kannada ಮರಗಯ)

maragaya (romanization)
मरगय (Devanagari)
મરગય (Gujarati)
ಮರಗಯ (Kannada)

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅#Prakrit

hiatus-filler form of 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa, “emerald”)


𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मरगअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮರಗಅ</i>

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa) m or n (Devanagari मरगअ, Kannada ಮರಗಅ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

maragaa (romanization)
मरगअ (Devanagari)
ಮರಗಅ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit मरकत (marakata). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 (maragada), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya).


𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फुक्कइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಫುಕ್ಕಇ</i>

𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (phukkaï) (Devanagari फुक्कइ, Kannada ಫುಕ್ಕಇ)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

phukkaï (romanization)
फुक्कइ (Devanagari)
ಫುಕ್ಕಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: फुंकणे (phuṃkaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘣𑘳𑘽𑘎𑘜𑘹 (phuṃkaṇe)

From Sanskrit *फूत्कति (phūtkati), extended from the root फूत् (phūt) or perhaps a back-formation from फूत्कार (phūtkāra, “blowing”).

𑀯𑀬𑀡-𑀅𑀁𑀢𑀭𑁂𑀡 𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭𑁂 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀲𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀬-𑀲𑀭𑀸𑀯𑁂 𑀥𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀇 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫-𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀁 𑀲𑀺𑀭-𑀯𑀸𑀮-𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇𑀬-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀁

c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 17

Between her shrieks she blew on the embers in the platter she held in her hand and tossed her head letting her hair fall over her lotus features.

vayaṇa-aṃtareṇa phukkaï aṃgāre hattha-saṃṭhiya-sarāve dhuṇei uttama-aṃgaṃ sira-vāla-cchaïya-muha-kamalaṃ


𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">विहवा</i>

vihavā (romanization)
विहवा (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwidʰáwaH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂.


𑀙𑀼𑀯𑀤𑀺

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छुवदि</i>

pra-head

𑀙𑀼𑀯𑀤𑀺 (chuvadi) (Devanagari छुवदि) (transitive)

chuvadi (romanization)
छुवदि (Devanagari)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: છોવું (chovũ)

Marwari: छवणौ (chavṇau), छूणौ (chūṇau)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Braj: छुन (chun)

Hindustani: chūnā

Hindi: छूना

Urdu: چُھونا (chūnā)

Inherited from Sanskrit छुपति (chupáti). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀯𑀇 (chuvaï).


𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀏𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मत्थएण</i>

𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀏𑀡 (matthaeṇa) m (Devanagari मत्थएण)

matthaeṇa (romanization)
मत्थएण (Devanagari)

𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀅 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀅#Prakrit

instrumental singular of 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀅 (matthaa)


𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मत्थ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮತ್ಥ</i>

𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha) m (Devanagari मत्थ, Kannada ಮತ್ಥ)

mattha (romanization)
मत्थ (Devanagari)
ಮತ್ಥ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀰𑁆𑀰 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀢 (masta). Cognate with Pali mattha.

𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑁂 𑀢𑀁-𑀫𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀚𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀢𑀳𑁂𑀯 𑀳𑀁𑀲-𑀕𑀈
𑀢𑀳 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀉𑀟𑁆𑀠-𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀸 𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀇𑀬-𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻 𑀲𑀼-𑀕𑀼𑀡-𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀻
aṃguṭṭhe taṃ-mule javehi juttā taheva haṃsa-gaī

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 16

[Prithvi] had lucky marks on the thumb and at the base of the thumb and a line running up the forehead;
her gait was that of a swan; her hands were decorated; and she was a storehouse of good qualities.

taha mattha-uḍḍha-rehā tilaïya-pāṇī su-guṇa-khāṇī


𑀰𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀰

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">शहश्श</i>

śahaśśa (romanization)
शहश्श (Devanagari)

Old Maithili: sahasa

Devanagari script: सहस

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒯𑒮

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra), from Sanskrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahásra). Cognate with Pali sahassa.

inh+

𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲#Prakrit

Magadhi variant of 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa, “thousand”)


गुज्जरत्ता

मरुमाडवल्लतमणीपरिअङ्काअज्जगुज्जरत्तासु। जणिओ जेण जणाणं सच्चरिअगुणेहि अणुराओ॥
marumāḍavallatamaṇīpariaṅkāajjagujjarattāsu. jaṇio jeṇa jaṇāṇaṃ saccariaguṇehi aṇurāo.

c. 861 CE, Ghaṭayāla Inscription line 16

By Kakkuka's excellent behaviour and qualities he has won the love of the people in Marumāḍa, Valla, Tamaṇī, . . . . . . and Gujarat.

𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸#Prakrit


𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गुज्जरत्ता</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗುಜ್ಜರತ್ತಾ</i>

𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (gujjarattā) f (Devanagari गुज्जरत्ता, Kannada ಗುಜ್ಜರತ್ತಾ)

gujjarattā (romanization)
गुज्जरत्ता (Devanagari)
ಗುಜ್ಜರತ್ತಾ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)

Old Marathi: gujarāta

Devanagari script: गुजरात

Modi script: 𑘐𑘳𑘕𑘨𑘰𑘝

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: ગુજરાત (gujrāt)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: gujrāt

desc

Hindi: गुजरात

Hindi: गुजरात

Urdu: گُجْرَات (gujrāt)

Inherited from Sanskrit *गुर्जरत्रा (gurjaratrā, “country of the Gurjaras”), from गुर्जर (gurjara, “Gurjaras”), said to be a Hunnic subtribe. More at Gurjara.

inh+

Gujarat (a state in western India; capital: Gandhinagar; largest city: Ahmedabad)


𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सप्प</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಪ್ಪ</i>

𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa) m (Devanagari सप्प, Kannada ಸಪ್ಪ, feminine 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀻)

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

sappa (romanization)
सप्प (Devanagari)
ಸಪ್ಪ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀻 (feminine)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: साँप (sā̃p)

Urdu: سان٘پ (sā̃p)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: সাপ (xap)

Bengali: সাপ (śap)

Chakma: 𑄥𑄛𑄴 (sāp)

Chittagonian: আফ (áf)

Rohingya: háf, áf

Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠙ (haf)

Odia: ସାପ (sāpa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: साँप (sā̃p)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਪ (sappa)

Shahmukhi script: سَپّ (sapp)

Kholosi: sap

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سپُ (sapu)

Devanagari script: सपु (sapu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: साप (sāpa)

Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘢 (sāpa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સાપ (sāp)

Romani: sap

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás
Sanskrit स॒र्प (sarpá)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa)Inherited from Sanskrit स॒र्प (sarpá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Pali sappa.

etymon

𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀪𑀼𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀁 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀲𑁄 𑀚𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀇 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀇 𑀲𑀁𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄
𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭𑀛𑀭𑁄-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁄 𑀧𑀺𑀅𑀇 𑀮𑀸𑀮𑀁
girisŏtto-tti bhuaṃgaṃ mahiso jīhāi lihaï saṃtatto

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 552

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Parched by the heat, the buffalo licks a snake, taking it for a mountain rivulet,
And the snake sips the buffalo’s spittle, taking it for water falling from black rock.

mahisassa kaṇhapattharajharo-tti sappo piaï lālaṃ


𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कम्म</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">કમ્મ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಮ್ಮ</i>

𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma) n (Devanagari कम्म, Gujarati કમ્મ, Kannada ಕಮ್ಮ)

tlb

(Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

kamma (romanization)
कम्म (Devanagari)
કમ્મ (Gujarati)
ಕಮ್ಮ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀰 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)

Central:

Western Hindi:

Old Hindi: काम (kāma)

Braj: काम (kām)

Hindustani: kām

Hindi: काम

Urdu: کَام

Eastern:

Bengali-Assamese:

Early Assamese: কাম (kamo)

Assamese: কাম (kam)

Old Bengali: কাম (kāma)

Middle Bengali: কাম (kam)

Bengali: কাম (kam)

Rohingya: ham

Chakma: 𑄇𑄟𑄴 (kām)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: kām

Devanagari script: काम

Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂧

Maithili: kām

Devanagari script: काम

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒧

Odia: କାମ (kāma)

Northern:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: काम (kām)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: काम (kām)

Western Pahari:

Dogri: kamma

Devanagari script: कम्म

Dogra script: 𑠊𑠢𑠹𑠢

Northwestern:

Kachchi: કમ (kam)

Old Punjabi: ਕੰਮੁ (kammu)

Punjabi: kamm

Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਮ

Shahmukhi script: کَمّ

Saraiki: kamm

Devanagari script: कम्म

Multani script: 𑊄𑊠

Shahmukhi script: کَمّ

Sindhi: kamu

Arabic script: ڪَمُ

Devanagari script: कमु

Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋗𑋣

Southern:

Insular:

Dhivehi: ކަން (kan̊)

Sinhalese: කම (kama)

Marathi-Konkani:

Konkani: kām

Devanagari script: काम

Kannada script: ಕಾಮ್

Latin script: kam

Old Marathi: kāma

Devanagari script: काम

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘦

Western:

Ahirani: काम (kām)

Old Gujarati: कंम (kaṃma)

Gojri: کَم (kamm)

Middle Gujarati: काम

Gujarati: કામ (kām), કામું (kāmũ)

Malvi: काम (kām)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: काम (kām)

Mahajani script: 𑅕𑅬 (km)

Nimadi: काम (kām)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀫 (kaṃma)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀫 (kaṃma) (Kalsi, Dhauli, Jaugada), from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (kárman). Cognate with Pali kamma.

inh+

𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀅 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀲-𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀲𑀺𑀫𑀇𑀮𑀺𑀏𑀡 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑁇
𑀙𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀁 𑀳𑀲𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀸𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 𑀕𑀅𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀡𑀸𑁈
ghariṇīa mahāṇasa-kamma-laggamasimaïlieṇa hattheṇa.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 14

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
The husband laughed at his wife’s face, which, smudged with soot
that stuck to her hand from kitchen work, looked more than ever like the moon.

chittaṃ muhaṃ hasijjaï caṃdāvatthaṃ gaaṃ païṇā.

[…] 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑁂 𑀫𑀬𑀡-𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀧𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
𑀢𑀸 𑀅-𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀫𑀸 𑀫𑀏𑀲𑀼 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀅𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁𑀫𑀺
[…] mayaṇe mayaṇa-ujjuttā vajjā ajjāvi saṃpayaṃ vajjā
tā a-maṇassa kammassa mā maesu tumaṃ akhuṭṭaṃmi
1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
[…] Madanā, absorbed by passion, Vajrā is now to be avoided;

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 1212

so therefore do not die at an unfitting time because of an insensate act’.


𑀳𑀲𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हसइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹಸಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀳𑀲𑀇 (hasaï) (Devanagari हसइ, Kannada ಹಸಇ) (intransitive)

hasaï (romanization)
हसइ (Devanagari)
ಹಸಇ (Kannada)

Apabhramsa: hasaï (see there for further descendants)

Devanagari script: हसइ

Sharada script: 𑆲𑆱𑆅

Etymology tree
Sanskrit हस् (has)
Sanskrit हसति (hasati)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀲𑀇 (hasaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit हसति (hásati). Cognate with Pali hasati.


𑀳𑀲𑀇

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ह्रसति (hrasati)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀲𑀇 (hasaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit ह्रसति (hrasati).


पसरइ

head

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಸರಇ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

सा पडिहा जा ठाणे पसरइ ।

c. 1660, Candralekhā lines 26-27.Rudradāsa

That is real Genius which spreads at the right place.

𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇#Prakrit


𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पसरइ</i>

tlb

(Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇 (pasaraï) (Devanagari पसरइ, Kannada ಪಸರಇ) (intransitive)

pasaraï (romanization)
पसरइ (Devanagari)
ಪಸರಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘭𑘨𑘜𑘹 (pasaraṇe)

Marathi: पसरणे (pasarṇe)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रसरति (prásarati). By surface analysis, 𑀧- (pa-) + 𑀲𑀭𑀇 (saraï). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀤𑀺 (pasaradi), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀰𑀮𑀤𑀺 (paśaladi).


𑀆𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಆಸ</i>

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(Māhārāṣṭrī)

āsa (romanization)
आस (Devanagari)
ಆಸ (Kannada)
𑀆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate to Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa), Pali assa.


𑀡𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣರ</i>

ṇara (romanization)
णर (Devanagari)
ಣರ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Hindustani: nar

Hindi: नर

Urdu: نَر (nar)

Inherited from Sanskrit नर (nára). Cognate with Pali nara, Gandhari 𐨣𐨪 (nara).


𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वण्ण</i>

vaṇṇa (romanization)
वण्ण (Devanagari)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: વાન (vān)

Hindi: बान (bān)

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Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘜 (vāṇa), 𑘪𑘰𑘜𑘹𑘽 (vāṇeṃ), 𑘪𑘰𑘡 (vāna)

Marathi: वाण (vāṇ)

→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Pali)

→ Telugu: వన్నె (vanne)

→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas
Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa)
Prakrit 𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (vaṇṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa). Cognate with Pali vaṇṇa.


𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुप्फ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುಪ್ಫ</i>

𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) n (Devanagari पुप्फ, Kannada ಪುಪ್ಫ)

puppha (romanization)
पुप्फ (Devanagari)
ಪುಪ್ಫ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: પૂફ (pūph)

Hindi: पुहुप (puhup)

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘳𑘮𑘳𑘢 (puhupa)

Inherited from Sanskrit पुष्प (púṣpa). Cognate to Pali puppha.


𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अस्स</i>


𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲

assa (romanization)
अस्स (Devanagari)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)