𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रुप्प</i>

ruppa (romanization)
रुप्प (Devanagari)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)


𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पूइवाअ</i>

pūivāa (romanization)
पूइवाअ (Devanagari)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀽𑀇𑀯𑀸𑀆 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit पूतिवात (pūtivāta). Equivalent to 𑀧𑀽𑀇 (pūi) + 𑀯𑀸𑀅 (vāa).


𑀉𑀟𑀺𑀤

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उडिद</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: उड़द (uṛad) (see there for further descendants)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: උඳු (uⁿdu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਉੜਦ (uṛad)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘚𑘲𑘟𑘰𑘡 (uḍīdāna)

Marathi: उडीद (uḍīd)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: અડદ (aḍad)

Vaghri: ઊડ઼દ (ūṛad)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntuder.?
Prakrit 𑀉𑀟𑀺𑀤 (uḍida)
Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu.


𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दाडिम</i>

dāḍima (romanization)
दाडिम (Devanagari)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Nepali: दारिम (dārim)

Inherited from Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima). Cognate with Pali dālima.


𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀕

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">लवंग</i>

lavaṃga (romanization)
लवंग (Devanagari)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Braj: लौंग (lauṅg)

Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: लौंग (lauṅg)
→ Pashto: لونګ (lawong)

Urdu: لَونْگ (lauṅg)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: লং (loṅ)
Naga Pidgin: long

Bengali: লং (loṅ)

Odia: ଲଙ୍ଗ (laṅga)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: ल्वाङ (lwāṅ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲੌਂਗ (lauṅg)

Shahmukhi script: لَونْگ (laung)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: لَوْنگُ (lauṅgu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: લવિંગ (laviṅg)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit लवङ्ग (lavaṅga)
Prakrit 𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀕 (lavaṃga)
Inherited from Sanskrit लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), borrowed from Malayo-Polynesian.

inh+

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मटर (maṭar)

Urdu: مَٹَر (maṭar)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Bengali: মটর (moṭor)

Odia: ମଟର (maṭara)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: मटर (maṭar)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਟਰ (maṭar)

Shahmukhi script: مَٹَر (maṭar)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَٽَرُ (maṭaru)

Devanagari script: मटरु (maṭaru)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: मटार (maṭār)

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from substrate.
Compare various terms for beans:
* Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*maṭṭha, “pea”), whence Gujarati મઠ (maṭh), Marathi मठ (maṭh).
* Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”), Sanskritised as Sanskrit मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “kind of bean”) etc., whence Hindi मोठ (moṭh) and others.
* Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá, “Vigna radiata”), Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga), whence Hindi मूँग (mūṅg).
* Pashto مستک (masták, “Lathyrus sativus”), folk-etymologically connected to Classical Persian مَسْت (mast, “drunk”).
* Sanskrit मुकुल (mukula, “bud”), मुकुर (mukura), मकुल (makula), मकुर (makura), मुद्गर (mudgara, “bud”), all probably from Dravidian (cf. Tamil மொக்குள் (mokkuḷ, “bubble”)).
Some New Indo-Aryan languages instead use a Dravidian word for the pea, e.g. Marathi वाटाणा (vāṭāṇā), Gujarati વટાણા (vaṭāṇā) (cf. Kannada ಬಟಾಣಿ (baṭāṇi)).

cog

Marathi वाटाणा (vāṭāṇā)

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual


𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞

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*𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha) m

pra-head

*𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha) m

pra-noun

*𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha) m

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मोठ (moṭh)

Urdu: موٹھ (moṭh)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਮੋਠੁ (moṭhu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਠ (moṭh)
Shahmukhi script: موٹھ (moṭh)
Saraiki: موٹھ (moṭh)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: موٺُ (moṭhu)

Devanagari script: मोठु (moṭhu)

desc

→ Pashto: موت (mot), موټ (moṭ, “Lathyrus sativus”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: मठ (maṭh)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: મઠ (maṭh)

→ Kashmiri:

Devanagari script: मुठु॒ (muṭhu॒)

→ Sanskrit: मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha), मुकुष्ठक (mukuṣṭhaka), मकुष्ट (makuṣṭa), मपष्ट (mapaṣṭa), मपुष्ठक (mapuṣṭhaka), मयुष्ठक (mayuṣṭhaka), मुकुष्ट (mukuṣṭa) — Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, मुद्गष्ठ (mudgaṣṭha)

Unknown; probably borrowed from substrate. Formally inherited from Sanskrit मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “kind of bean”), but that is probably a Sanskritisation of this word. Compare Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “pea”) ~ *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*maṭṭha, “pea”), Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá, “mung bean”), Sanskrit मुकुल (mukula, “bud”) ~ मुद्गर (mudgara, “bud; hammer”).
Compare Kannada ಮಡಕಿ (maḍaki), ಮಡಿಕೆ (maḍike), ಮಡಿಗೆ (maḍige), referring to the same plant, but probably unrelated.
Also note that Classical Persian موتھی (mothi) is attested in an Indian text from 1357, and refers to the same bean.
:
1357, Ziauddin Barani, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, page 568:
و موتهی و کنجد که در آن زمین میکاشتند و در بیابانها فرود میبردند بجای آن از قوت آب نیشکر و حفظه و نخود خواهند کاشت و در خانهها آورد
v mvthy v knjd kh dr ān zmyn my-kaśtnd v dr byaban-ha frvd my-brdnd bjay ān az qvt āb nyśkr v ḥfz̤h v nxvd xvahnd kaśt v dr xanh-ha āvrd
They used to cultivate moṭh [coarse grain] and sesame in that land and harvested them in wilderness. Now owing to the aid of water they will grow and bring home sugarcane, wheat and gram […]
This is probably the earliest mention; also see Old Punjabi ਮੋਠੁ (moṭhu) attested from the 17th century.

quote-book

Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi

They used to cultivate moṭh 􂀿coarse grain􂁀 and sesame in that land and harvested them in wilderness. Now owing to the aid of water they will grow and bring home sugarcane, wheat and gram […]


𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मुग्ग</i>

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मूँग (mūṅg)

Urdu: مُونگ (mūng)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Assamese: মগু (mogu)

Bengali: মুগ (mug)

Odia: ମୁଗ (muga)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: މުގު (mugu)

Sinhalese: මුං (muṁ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁੰਗ (muṅg), ਮੂੰਗ (mūṅg)

Shahmukhi script: مُنگ (mung), مُونگ (mūng)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُڱُ (muṅu)

Devanagari script: मुङु (muṅu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: मूग (mūg)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: મગ (mag)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga)Inherited from Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá). Cognate with Pali mugga.
Also compare Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “Pisum sativum”), *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”).

ncog

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual