adsorber

adsorber (nominative singular)
adsorbery (nominative plural)
adsorbera (genitive singular)
adsorberów (genitive plural)
adsorberowi (dative singular)
adsorberom (dative plural)
adsorber (accusative singular)
adsorbery (accusative plural)
adsorberem (instrumental singular)
adsorberami (instrumental plural)
adsorberze (locative singular)
adsorberach (locative plural)
adsorberze (singular vocative)
adsorbery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English adsorber, from Latin ad- + sorbeō. By surface analysis, adsorbować + -er. First attested in 1923.

adsorber in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(chemistry, physics) adsorber (something which adsorbs, especially a solid material, such as activated carbon, that has a high surface area and is used to capture a gas or liquid)


autonomia

autonomia (nominative singular)
autonomii (genitive singular)
autonomii (dative singular)
autonomię (accusative singular)
autonomią (instrumental singular)
autonomii (locative singular)
autonomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English autonomy, French autonomie, German Autonomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). By surface analysis, auto- + -nomia.

(mechanics) autonomy (the capacity of a system to make a decision about its actions without the involvement of another system or operator)


biały

pl-adj

biały (comparative bielszy, superlative najbielszy, derived adverb biało)

bielszy (comparative)
najbielszy (superlative)
biały (masculine nominative singular)
biała (feminine nominative singular)
białe (neuter nominative singular)
biali (nominative plural virile)
białe (nominative plural)
białego (genitive masculine singular)
białej (feminine genitive singular)
białego (genitive neuter singular)
białych (genitive plural)
białych (genitive plural virile)
białemu (dative masculine singular)
białej (dative feminine singular)
białemu (dative neuter singular)
białym (dative plural)
białym (dative plural virile)
białego (accusative animate masculine singular)
biały (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
białą (accusative feminine singular)
białe (accusative neuter singular)
białych (accusative plural virile)
białe (accusative plural)
białym (instrumental masculine singular)
białą (feminine instrumental singular)
białym (instrumental neuter singular)
białymi (instrumental plural)
białymi (instrumental plural virile)
białym (locative masculine singular)
białej (feminine locative singular)
białym (locative neuter singular)
białych (locative plural)
białych (locative plural virile)
biał (alternative)
białły (alternative)
bieły (alternative)

(taxonomy) white (being a variety lighter than other varieties)


nunatak

nunatak (nominative singular)
nunataki (nominative plural)
nunataka (genitive singular)
nunataku (genitive singular)
nunataków (genitive plural)
nunatakowi (dative singular)
nunatakom (dative plural)
nunatak (accusative singular)
nunataki (accusative plural)
nunatakiem (instrumental singular)
nunatakami (instrumental plural)
nunataku (locative singular)
nunatakach (locative plural)
nunataku (singular vocative)
nunataki (plural vocative)


briefing

briefing (nominative singular)
briefingi (nominative plural)
briefingu (genitive singular)
briefingów (genitive plural)
briefingowi (dative singular)
briefingom (dative plural)
briefing (accusative singular)
briefingi (accusative plural)
briefingiem (instrumental singular)
briefingami (instrumental plural)
briefingu (locative singular)
briefingach (locative plural)
briefingu (singular vocative)
briefingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English briefing.

ubor

(aviation) check-in for pilots held before takeoff


personalia

personalia (nominative plural)
personaliów (genitive plural)
personaliom (dative plural)
personalia (accusative plural)
personaliami (instrumental plural)
personaliach (locative plural)
personalia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin persōnālia.


astrobiologia

astrobiologia (nominative singular)
astrobiologii (genitive singular)
astrobiologii (dative singular)
astrobiologię (accusative singular)
astrobiologią (instrumental singular)
astrobiologii (locative singular)
astrobiologio (singular vocative)

From astro- + biologia. First attested in 1935.


klik

klik (nominative singular)
kliki (nominative plural)
kliku (genitive singular)
klików (genitive plural)
klikowi (dative singular)
klikom (dative plural)
klik (accusative singular)
kliki (accusative plural)
klikiem (instrumental singular)
klikami (instrumental plural)
kliku (locative singular)
klikach (locative plural)
kliku (singular vocative)
kliki (plural vocative)

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(colloquial, graphical user interface) click (act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software)


morfologia

morfologia (nominative singular)
morfologie (nominative plural)
morfologii (genitive singular)
morfologii (genitive plural)
morfologij (archaic genitive plural)
morfologii (dative singular)
morfologiom (dative plural)
morfologię (accusative singular)
morfologie (accusative plural)
morfologią (instrumental singular)
morfologiami (instrumental plural)
morfologii (locative singular)
morfologiach (locative plural)
morfologio (singular vocative)
morfologie (plural vocative)


aneuploid

aneuploid (nominative singular)
aneuploidy (nominative plural)
aneuploidu (genitive singular)
aneuploidów (genitive plural)
aneuploidowi (dative singular)
aneuploidom (dative plural)
aneuploid (accusative singular)
aneuploidy (accusative plural)
aneuploidem (instrumental singular)
aneuploidami (instrumental plural)
aneuploidzie (locative singular)
aneuploidach (locative plural)
aneuploidzie (singular vocative)
aneuploidy (plural vocative)

From an- + eu- + -ploid. First attested in 1942.

ref

aneuploid in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(genetics) aneuploid (a cell or an organism having an incorrect amount of chromosomes)


aneroid

aneroid (nominative singular)
aneroidy (nominative plural)
aneroidu (genitive singular)
aneroidów (genitive plural)
aneroidowi (dative singular)
aneroidom (dative plural)
aneroid (accusative singular)
aneroidy (accusative plural)
aneroidem (instrumental singular)
aneroidami (instrumental plural)
aneroidzie (locative singular)
aneroidach (locative plural)
aneroidzie (singular vocative)
aneroidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French anéroïde. By surface analysis, an- + aero- + -oid. First attested in 1850.

Kurjer Warszawski (in Polish), number R.30, nr 187, 1850, page 990

(meteorology) aneroid, aneroid barometer


kambium

Learned borrowing from New Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion, *kambyom, from Proto-Celtic *kambos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós, from *kh₂em-.


burza

burzowy (adjective)
burza (nominative singular)
burze (nominative plural)
burzy (genitive singular)
burz (genitive plural)
burzy (dative singular)
burzom (dative plural)
burzę (accusative singular)
burze (accusative plural)
burzą (instrumental singular)
burzami (instrumental plural)
burzy (locative singular)
burzach (locative plural)
burzo (singular vocative)
burze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *buřa. Doublet of furia.

(meteorology) storm, in particular thunderstorm


kabel

kabel (nominative singular)
kable (nominative plural)
kabla (genitive singular)
kabli (genitive plural)
kablowi (dative singular)
kablom (dative plural)
kabel (accusative singular)
kable (accusative plural)
kablem (instrumental singular)
kablami (instrumental plural)
kablu (locative singular)
kablach (locative plural)
kablu (singular vocative)
kable (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kabel, from Middle High German kabel, from Middle Low German, from Middle Dutch cabel, from Old French cable, an Old Northern French (i.e. Old Norman or Picard) variant of chable, cheable, chaable, from Vulgar Latin *caplum, contracted form of Late Latin capulum, from Latin capiō.

(electricity) cable (large wire or rope)


tapeta

tapetka (diminutive)
tapeta (nominative singular)
tapety (nominative plural)
tapety (genitive singular)
tapet (genitive plural)
tapecie (dative singular)
tapetom (dative plural)
tapetę (accusative singular)
tapety (accusative plural)
tapetą (instrumental singular)
tapetami (instrumental plural)
tapecie (locative singular)
tapetach (locative plural)
tapeto (singular vocative)
tapety (plural vocative)


-yn

-yn (nominative singular)
-yny (nominative plural)
-ynu (genitive singular)
-ynów (genitive plural)
-ynowi (dative singular)
-ynom (dative plural)
-yn (accusative singular)
-yny (accusative plural)
-ynem (instrumental singular)
-ynami (instrumental plural)
-ynie (locative singular)
-ynach (locative plural)
-ynie (singular vocative)
-yny (plural vocative)
-in (alternative)

chlor (“chlorine”) + -yn → chloryn (“chlorite”)

(chemistry) -ite, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -awy (-ous)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

(cartography) legend (key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.)


ontologia

ontologia (nominative singular)
ontologii (genitive singular)
ontologii (dative singular)
ontologię (accusative singular)
ontologią (instrumental singular)
ontologii (locative singular)
ontologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ontology, French ontologie, German Ontologie, ultimately from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos). By surface analysis, onto- + -logia.

(computer science, information science) ontology (system model in computer science)


entropia

entropia (nominative singular)
entropii (genitive singular)
entropii (dative singular)
entropię (accusative singular)
entropią (instrumental singular)
entropii (locative singular)
entropio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English entropy, French entropie, German Entropie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon) + τροπή (tropḗ).

(thermodynamics) entropy (measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work)

(information theory) entropy (measure of the amount of information in a signal)


biosensor

biosensor (nominative singular)
biosensory (nominative plural)
biosensora (genitive singular)
biosensorów (genitive plural)
biosensorowi (dative singular)
biosensorom (dative plural)
biosensor (accusative singular)
biosensory (accusative plural)
biosensorem (instrumental singular)
biosensorami (instrumental plural)
biosensorze (locative singular)
biosensorach (locative plural)
biosensorze (singular vocative)
biosensory (plural vocative)

From bio- + sensor. First attested in 1984.

(biochemistry) biosensor (device that detects, records or transmits physiological data)


korund

korund (nominative singular)
korundy (nominative plural)
korundu (genitive singular)
korundów (genitive plural)
korundowi (dative singular)
korundom (dative plural)
korund (accusative singular)
korundy (accusative plural)
korundem (instrumental singular)
korundami (instrumental plural)
korundzie (locative singular)
korundach (locative plural)
korundzie (singular vocative)
korundy (plural vocative)


kosmos

kosmos (nominative singular)
kosmosu (genitive singular)
kosmosowi (dative singular)
kosmos (accusative singular)
kosmosem (instrumental singular)
kosmosie (locative singular)
kosmosie (singular vocative)
Kosmos (alternative)

Internationalism; compare English cosmos, French cosmos, German Kosmos, ultimately from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos).

(cosmology) cosmos, universe (the Universe)

(cosmology) outer space (the region of space immediately beyond Earth's atmosphere)


zoolog

zoolog (nominative singular)
zoolodzy (nominative plural)
zoologowie (nominative plural)
zoologi (derogatory nominative plural)
zoologa (genitive singular)
zoologów (genitive plural)
zoologowi (dative singular)
zoologom (dative plural)
zoologa (accusative singular)
zoologów (accusative plural)
zoologiem (instrumental singular)
zoologami (instrumental plural)
zoologu (locative singular)
zoologach (locative plural)
zoologu (singular vocative)
zoolodzy (plural vocative)
zoologowie (plural vocative)


zoolog

zoolog (nominative singular)
zoologi (nominative plural)
zoologa (genitive singular)
zoologu (genitive singular)
zoologów (genitive plural)
zoologowi (dative singular)
zoologom (dative plural)
zoolog (accusative singular)
zoologi (accusative plural)
zoologiem (instrumental singular)
zoologami (instrumental plural)
zoologu (locative singular)
zoologach (locative plural)
zoologu (singular vocative)
zoologi (plural vocative)

(archaic, zoology) nature preserve, zoo, zoological garden, zoological park


amoniak

pl-noun

amoniak m inan (related adjective amoniakalny or amoniakowyn)

amoniakalny (adjective)
amoniakowyn (adjective)
amoniak (nominative singular)
amoniaku (genitive singular)
amoniakowi (dative singular)
amoniak (accusative singular)
amoniakiem (instrumental singular)
amoniaku (locative singular)
amoniaku (singular vocative)
armonijak (alternative)
armoniak (alternative)
amonjak (alternative)
amóniák (alternative)

(inorganic chemistry) ammonia (chemical compound NH₃)

(chemistry) ammonia (aqueous solution of this gas which is a weak base)


tabun

tabun (nominative singular)
tabuny (nominative plural)
tabunu (genitive singular)
tabunów (genitive plural)
tabunowi (dative singular)
tabunom (dative plural)
tabun (accusative singular)
tabuny (accusative plural)
tabunem (instrumental singular)
tabunami (instrumental plural)
tabunie (locative singular)
tabunach (locative plural)
tabunie (singular vocative)
tabuny (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) tabun (extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound)


palec

palec m inan (diminutive paluszek, augmentative paluch, related adjective palcowy)

paluszek (diminutive)
paluch (augmentative)
palcowy (adjective)
palec (nominative singular)
palce (nominative plural)
palca (genitive singular)
palców (genitive plural)
palcowi (dative singular)
palcom (dative plural)
palec (accusative singular)
palce (accusative plural)
palcem (instrumental singular)
palcami (instrumental plural)
palcu (locative singular)
palcach (locative plural)
palcu (singular vocative)
palce (plural vocative)
palic (alternative)

(Middle Polish, astronomy, geometry) uncia (unit of length equal to 1/12 of the diameter)


aspartam

aspartam (nominative singular)
aspartamu (genitive singular)
aspartamowi (dative singular)
aspartam (accusative singular)
aspartamem (instrumental singular)
aspartamie (locative singular)
aspartamie (singular vocative)


betakaroten

betakaroten (nominative singular)
betakarotenu (genitive singular)
betakarotenowi (dative singular)
betakaroten (accusative singular)
betakarotenem (instrumental singular)
betakarotenie (locative singular)
betakarotenie (singular vocative)

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of beta-karoten


boombox

boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksu (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boombox (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)
boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksa (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boomboksa (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English boom box.


grupa

pl-noun

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

grupka (diminutive)
grupowy (adjective)
grupa (nominative singular)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grup (genitive plural)
grupie (dative singular)
grupom (dative plural)
grupę (accusative singular)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupą (instrumental singular)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupie (locative singular)
grupach (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: grupa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus. First attested in 1765.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(chemistry) group (a column in the periodic table of chemical elements)

(geology) group (a collection of formations or rock strata)


koło

kółko (diminutive)
koło (nominative singular)
koła (nominative plural)
koła (genitive singular)
kół (genitive plural)
kołu (dative singular)
kołom (dative plural)
koło (accusative singular)
koła (accusative plural)
kołem (instrumental singular)
kołami (instrumental plural)
kole (locative singular)
kołach (locative plural)
koło (singular vocative)
koła (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Slavic *kȍlo
Old Polish koło
Polish koło
Inherited from Old Polish koło. Doublet of kolo. Related to English cycle and wheel.

etymon

(Middle Polish, astronomy) orbit (path of celestial body)


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(electronics) charging base (the part of a device permanently connected to electricity in which its movable part is placed in order to charge it)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Bulgarian: карта (karta)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


semafor

pl-noun

semafor m inan (related adjective semaforowy)

semaforowy (adjective)
semafor (nominative singular)
semafory (nominative plural)
semafora (genitive singular)
semaforów (genitive plural)
semaforowi (dative singular)
semaforom (dative plural)
semafor (accusative singular)
semafory (accusative plural)
semaforem (instrumental singular)
semaforami (instrumental plural)
semaforze (locative singular)
semaforach (locative plural)
semaforze (singular vocative)
semafory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sémaphore. First attested in 1830.

(countable, computing) semaphore (bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes)


automat

automat (nominative singular)
automaty (nominative plural)
automatu (genitive singular)
automatów (genitive plural)
automatowi (dative singular)
automatom (dative plural)
automat (accusative singular)
automaty (accusative plural)
automatem (instrumental singular)
automatami (instrumental plural)
automacie (locative singular)
automatach (locative plural)
automacie (singular vocative)
automaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Automat, from Latin automatus. By surface analysis, auto- + -mat.

(colloquial, firearms) submachine gun, SMG (type of short range machine gun that is carried as a personal weapon and uses pistol ammunition)


rekord

rekord (nominative singular)
rekordy (nominative plural)
rekordu (genitive singular)
rekordów (genitive plural)
rekordowi (dative singular)
rekordom (dative plural)
rekord (accusative singular)
rekordy (accusative plural)
rekordem (instrumental singular)
rekordami (instrumental plural)
rekordzie (locative singular)
rekordach (locative plural)
rekordzie (singular vocative)
rekordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English record, from Middle English, from Old French record, from recorder, from Vulgar Latin recordāre, from Latin recordārī.

(computing) record (set of data relating to a single individual or item)


kompleks

kompleks (nominative singular)
kompleksy (nominative plural)
kompleksu (genitive singular)
kompleksów (genitive plural)
kompleksowi (dative singular)
kompleksom (dative plural)
kompleks (accusative singular)
kompleksy (accusative plural)
kompleksem (instrumental singular)
kompleksami (instrumental plural)
kompleksie (locative singular)
kompleksach (locative plural)
kompleksie (singular vocative)
kompleksy (plural vocative)

(chemistry) complex (psychologically based dislike or fear)


kondensator

kondensator (nominative singular)
kondensatory (nominative plural)
kondensatora (genitive singular)
kondensatorów (genitive plural)
kondensatorowi (dative singular)
kondensatorom (dative plural)
kondensator (accusative singular)
kondensatory (accusative plural)
kondensatorem (instrumental singular)
kondensatorami (instrumental plural)
kondensatorze (locative singular)
kondensatorach (locative plural)
kondensatorze (singular vocative)
kondensatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English condenser, French condensateur, German Kondensator, ultimately from Latin condēnsō.


chipset

chipset (nominative singular)
chipsety (nominative plural)
chipsetu (genitive singular)
chipsetów (genitive plural)
chipsetowi (dative singular)
chipsetom (dative plural)
chipset (accusative singular)
chipsety (accusative plural)
chipsetem (instrumental singular)
chipsetami (instrumental plural)
chipsecie (locative singular)
chipsetach (locative plural)
chipsecie (singular vocative)
chipsety (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English chipset.

ubor

(computing, electronics) chipset (group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product)


kontakt

pl-noun

kontakt m inan (related adjective kontaktowy)

kontaktowy (adjective)
kontakt (nominative singular)
kontakty (nominative plural)
kontaktu (genitive singular)
kontaktów (genitive plural)
kontaktowi (dative singular)
kontaktom (dative plural)
kontakt (accusative singular)
kontakty (accusative plural)
kontaktem (instrumental singular)
kontaktami (instrumental plural)
kontakcie (locative singular)
kontaktach (locative plural)
kontakcie (singular vocative)
kontakty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòntakt

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from French contact or German Kontakt, ultimately from Latin contāctus. First attested in 1745–1747. Semantic loan from German Kontakt. Compare Silesian kōntakt.

ref

“Materiały źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki XVI-XVIII w.”, in Materiały źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki XVI-XVIII w., opr. M. Gębarowicz, Wrocław- Warszawa-Kraków. (in Polish), 1745-1747, published 1983, Trzy umowy między Sebastianem Fensingerem rzeźbiarzem a trynitarzami lwowskimi z 1745, 1746 i 1747 r., page 374: “Kontakt z Panem Sebestianem Fesingerem Snicerzem, na ołtarz S. Jana Nepomucena do Ś. Mikołaja.”

(colloquial, electricity) contact (device designed for repetitive connections)

(colloquial, electricity) socket, outlet

(chemistry) Ellipsis of katalizator kontaktowy (“contact catalyst”).

(geology) contact (place where two rocks of different origin touch)


seria

seryjka (diminutive)
seria (nominative singular)
serie (nominative plural)
serii (genitive singular)
serii (genitive plural)
seryj (archaic genitive plural)
serii (dative singular)
seriom (dative plural)
serię (accusative singular)
serie (accusative plural)
serią (instrumental singular)
seriami (instrumental plural)
serii (locative singular)
seriach (locative plural)
serio (singular vocative)
serie (plural vocative)


procedura

procedura (nominative singular)
procedury (nominative plural)
procedury (genitive singular)
procedur (genitive plural)
procedurze (dative singular)
procedurom (dative plural)
procedurę (accusative singular)
procedury (accusative plural)
procedurą (instrumental singular)
procedurami (instrumental plural)
procedurze (locative singular)
procedurach (locative plural)
proceduro (singular vocative)
procedury (plural vocative)

(computing) procedure (subroutine or function coded to perform a specific task)


metateza

metateza (nominative singular)
metatezy (nominative plural)
metatezy (genitive singular)
metatez (genitive plural)
metatezie (dative singular)
metatezom (dative plural)
metatezę (accusative singular)
metatezy (accusative plural)
metatezą (instrumental singular)
metatezami (instrumental plural)
metatezie (locative singular)
metatezach (locative plural)
metatezo (singular vocative)
metatezy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).

lbor

(organic chemistry) metathesis (the breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped)


proces

pl-noun

proces m inan (diminutive procesik, related adjective procesowy)

procesik (diminutive)
procesowy (adjective)
proces (nominative singular)
procesy (nominative plural)
procesu (genitive singular)
procesów (genitive plural)
procesowi (dative singular)
procesom (dative plural)
proces (accusative singular)
procesy (accusative plural)
procesem (instrumental singular)
procesami (instrumental plural)
procesie (locative singular)
procesach (locative plural)
procesie (singular vocative)
procesy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: proces

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Prozess or French procès, ultimately from Latin prōcessus. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “proces”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(computing) process (executable task or program)


mikrob

mikrob (nominative singular)
mikroby (nominative plural)
mikroba (genitive singular)
mikrobów (genitive plural)
mikrobowi (dative singular)
mikrobom (dative plural)
mikroba (accusative singular)
mikroby (accusative plural)
mikrobem (instrumental singular)
mikrobami (instrumental plural)
mikrobie (locative singular)
mikrobach (locative plural)
mikrobie (singular vocative)
mikroby (plural vocative)


genotyp

pl-noun

genotyp m inan (related adjective genotypowy)

genotypowy (adjective)
genotyp (nominative singular)
genotypy (nominative plural)
genotypu (genitive singular)
genotypów (genitive plural)
genotypowi (dative singular)
genotypom (dative plural)
genotyp (accusative singular)
genotypy (accusative plural)
genotypem (instrumental singular)
genotypami (instrumental plural)
genotypie (locative singular)
genotypach (locative plural)
genotypie (singular vocative)
genotypy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Genotyp. By surface analysis, geno- + typ.

(genetics) genotype (part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism)


faza

faza (nominative singular)
fazy (nominative plural)
fazy (genitive singular)
faz (genitive plural)
fazie (dative singular)
fazom (dative plural)
fazę (accusative singular)
fazy (accusative plural)
fazą (instrumental singular)
fazami (instrumental plural)
fazie (locative singular)
fazach (locative plural)
fazo (singular vocative)
fazy (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”).


fokus

pl-noun

fokus m inan (related adjective fokusowy)

fokusowy (adjective)
fokus (nominative singular)
fokusy (nominative plural)
fokusu (genitive singular)
fokusów (genitive plural)
fokusowi (dative singular)
fokusom (dative plural)
fokus (accusative singular)
fokusy (accusative plural)
fokusem (instrumental singular)
fokusami (instrumental plural)
fokusie (locative singular)
fokusach (locative plural)
fokusie (singular vocative)
fokusy (plural vocative)
focus (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin focus. Doublet of foyer.


etologia

etologia (nominative singular)
etologii (genitive singular)
etologii (dative singular)
etologię (accusative singular)
etologią (instrumental singular)
etologii (locative singular)
etologio (singular vocative)

From the Latin ēthologia (“the art of depicting or imitating character”), from the Ancient Greek ἠθολογία (ēthología, “painting of character, especially by mimic gestures”), from ἠθολόγος (ēthológos, “painting character by mimic gestures”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, especially moral character”).

der

(zoology) ethology (study of animal behaviour)


jaspis

jaspis (nominative singular)
jaspisy (nominative plural)
jaspisu (genitive singular)
jaspisów (genitive plural)
jaspisowi (dative singular)
jaspisom (dative plural)
jaspis (accusative singular)
jaspisy (accusative plural)
jaspisem (instrumental singular)
jaspisami (instrumental plural)
jaspisie (locative singular)
jaspisach (locative plural)
jaspisie (singular vocative)
jaspisy (plural vocative)


komp

komp (nominative singular)
kompy (nominative plural)
kompa (genitive singular)
kompów (genitive plural)
kompowi (dative singular)
kompom (dative plural)
kompa (accusative singular)
kompy (accusative plural)
kompem (instrumental singular)
kompami (instrumental plural)
kompie (locative singular)
kompach (locative plural)
kompie (singular vocative)
kompy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, computing) comp, computer (programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media)


udar

udar (nominative singular)
udary (nominative plural)
udaru (genitive singular)
udarów (genitive plural)
udarowi (dative singular)
udarom (dative plural)
udar (accusative singular)
udary (accusative plural)
udarem (instrumental singular)
udarami (instrumental plural)
udarze (locative singular)
udarach (locative plural)
udarze (singular vocative)
udary (plural vocative)

(technical) hammering action, as in a hammer drill


androginia

androginia (nominative singular)
androginii (genitive singular)
androginii (dative singular)
androginię (accusative singular)
androginią (instrumental singular)
androginii (locative singular)
androginio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀνδρόγῠνος (andrógŭnos) + -ia. First attested in the 20th century.

af

grc:ἀνδρόγῠνος

ref

androginia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(biology, botany) androgyny, hermaphroditism


król

król (nominative singular)
króle (nominative plural)
króla (genitive singular)
króli (genitive plural)
królowi (dative singular)
królom (dative plural)
króla (accusative singular)
króle (accusative plural)
królem (instrumental singular)
królami (instrumental plural)
królu (locative singular)
królach (locative plural)
królu (singular vocative)
króle (plural vocative)
kryl (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish król. Sense 2, sense 3, and sense 4 and are an internationalism semantic loan; compare English king, French roi and German König. Doublet of Karol.

(obsolete, engineering) bevel shaft in a smock mill


rezonans

rezonans (nominative singular)
rezonanse (nominative plural)
rezonansu (genitive singular)
rezonansów (genitive plural)
rezonansowi (dative singular)
rezonansom (dative plural)
rezonans (accusative singular)
rezonanse (accusative plural)
rezonansem (instrumental singular)
rezonansami (instrumental plural)
rezonansie (locative singular)
rezonansach (locative plural)
rezonansie (singular vocative)
rezonanse (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French résonance, from Latin resonantia, from resonō.

(physics) resonance (increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system under the influence of a periodic force whose frequency is close to that of the system's natural frequency)

(particle physics) resonance (short-lived subatomic particle or state of atomic excitation that results from the collision of atomic particles)


architektura

archit. (abbreviation)
architektura (nominative singular)
architektury (genitive singular)
architekturze (dative singular)
architekturę (accusative singular)
architekturą (instrumental singular)
architekturze (locative singular)
architekturo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Architektur, from Latin architectūra.

(computing) architecture (specific model of a microchip or CPU)


talia

talia (nominative singular)
talie (nominative plural)
talii (genitive singular)
talii (genitive plural)
talij (archaic genitive plural)
talii (dative singular)
taliom (dative plural)
talię (accusative singular)
talie (accusative plural)
talią (instrumental singular)
taliami (instrumental plural)
talii (locative singular)
taliach (locative plural)
talio (singular vocative)
talie (plural vocative)

(engineering) tackle (device for grasping an object and an attached means of moving it, as a rope and hook)


proteina

proteina (nominative singular)
proteiny (nominative plural)
proteiny (genitive singular)
protein (genitive plural)
proteinie (dative singular)
proteinom (dative plural)
proteinę (accusative singular)
proteiny (accusative plural)
proteiną (instrumental singular)
proteinami (instrumental plural)
proteinie (locative singular)
proteinach (locative plural)
proteino (singular vocative)
proteiny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English protein, French protéine, German Protein, ultimately from Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos).

(biochemistry) protein (large, complex molecule composed of long chains of amino acids)


komin

pl-noun

komin m inan (diminutive kominek, related adjective kominowy)

kominek (diminutive)
kominowy (adjective)
komin (nominative singular)
kominy (nominative plural)
komina (genitive singular)
kominów (genitive plural)
kominowi (dative singular)
kominom (dative plural)
komin (accusative singular)
kominy (accusative plural)
kominem (instrumental singular)
kominami (instrumental plural)
kominie (locative singular)
kominach (locative plural)
kominie (singular vocative)
kominy (plural vocative)

(geology) chimney (vertical crevice in a steep mountain slope, wide enough for a climber to enter)

(meteorology) rising current of warm air


fotometria

fotometria (nominative singular)
fotometrii (genitive singular)
fotometrii (dative singular)
fotometrię (accusative singular)
fotometrią (instrumental singular)
fotometrii (locative singular)
fotometrio (singular vocative)


klucz

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)

(ornithology) V formation (V-shaped flight formation)


resurs

resurs (nominative singular)
resursy (nominative plural)
resursu (genitive singular)
resursów (genitive plural)
resursowi (dative singular)
resursom (dative plural)
resurs (accusative singular)
resursy (accusative plural)
resursem (instrumental singular)
resursami (instrumental plural)
resursie (locative singular)
resursach (locative plural)
resursie (singular vocative)
resursy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ressource. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Russian ресу́рс (resúrs). Doublet of resursa (“social club”).


czytać

pl-verb

czytać impf (determinate, frequentative czytywać)

czytywać (frequentative)
czytać (infinitive)
czytam (present singular)
czytamy (plural present)
czytasz (present singular)
czytacie (plural present)
czyta (present singular third-person)
czytają (plural present third-person)
czyta się (impersonal present)
czytałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m czytał (masculine past singular)
czytałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m czytała (feminine past singular)
czytałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m czytało (neuter past singular)
czytaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy czytali (past plural virile)
czytałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy czytały (nonvirile past plural)
czytałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś czytał (masculine past singular)
czytałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś czytała (feminine past singular)
czytałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś czytało (neuter past singular)
czytaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście czytali (past plural virile)
czytałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście czytały (nonvirile past plural)
czytał (masculine past singular third-person)
czytała (feminine past singular third-person)
czytało (neuter past singular third-person)
czytali (past plural third-person virile)
czytały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
czytano (impersonal past)
będę czytał (future masculine singular)
będę czytać (future masculine singular)
będę czytała (feminine future singular)
będę czytać (feminine future singular)
będę czytało (future neuter singular)
będę czytać (future neuter singular)
będziemy czytali (future plural virile)
będziemy czytać (future plural virile)
będziemy czytały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy czytać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz czytał (future masculine singular)
będziesz czytać (future masculine singular)
będziesz czytała (feminine future singular)
będziesz czytać (feminine future singular)
będziesz czytało (future neuter singular)
będziesz czytać (future neuter singular)
będziecie czytali (future plural virile)
będziecie czytać (future plural virile)
będziecie czytały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie czytać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie czytał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie czytać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie czytała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie czytać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie czytało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie czytać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą czytali (future plural third-person virile)
będą czytać (future plural third-person virile)
będą czytały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą czytać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie czytać się (future impersonal)
czytałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym czytał (conditional masculine singular)
czytałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym czytała (conditional feminine singular)
czytałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym czytało (conditional neuter singular)
czytalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy czytali (conditional plural virile)
czytałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy czytały (conditional nonvirile plural)
czytałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś czytał (conditional masculine singular)
czytałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś czytała (conditional feminine singular)
czytałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś czytało (conditional neuter singular)
czytalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście czytali (conditional plural virile)
czytałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście czytały (conditional nonvirile plural)
czytałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by czytał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
czytałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by czytała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
czytałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by czytało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
czytaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by czytali (conditional plural third-person virile)
czytałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by czytały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
czytano by (conditional impersonal)
niech czytam (imperative singular)
czytajmy (imperative plural)
czytaj (imperative singular)
czytajcie (imperative plural)
niech czyta (imperative singular third-person)
niech czytają (imperative plural third-person)
czytający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
czytająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
czytające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
czytający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
czytające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
czytany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
czytana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
czytane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
czytani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
czytane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
czytając (adjectival contemporary participle)
czytanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish czytać. By surface analysis, czyść + -ać.

(transitive, computing) to read (to fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.))


Dione

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Διώνη (Diṓnē).

lbor

(astronomy) Dione (moon in Jupiter system, Solar System; The fourth largest moon of Saturn)


żółć

żółć (nominative singular)
żółci (genitive singular)
żółci (dative singular)
żółć (accusative singular)
żółcią (instrumental singular)
żółci (locative singular)
żółci (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zьlčь (“bile”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źulʔ-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰlh₃-. Related to *zelenъ and was under influence of *žьltъ.

inh+

Ponieważ żółć pęcherzykowa ma mocniéyszy kolor, większą gorycz i iest gęstsza od téy, która prosto z wątroby do kiszek udaie się […]

1820, Sylwan: Dziennik nauk leśnych i Myśliwych, volume I, page 63:

Because blister bile has a stronger color, a stronger bitterness, and is thicker than the bile straight from liver, it is useful for guts […]

Następuje emulgowanie tłuszczu i w tym procesie największą rolę odgrywa żółć.

1986, Krystyna Flis, Wanda Konaszewska, Podstawy żywienia człowieka, WSiP, →ISBN, page 99:

Next is the emulsification of fat and bile plays the biggest role here.

Po przejściu z kanalików do przewodzików żółciowych, a następnie do głównych przewodów żółciowych, żółć podlega dalszej reabsorpcji i wydzielaniu.

2013, Courtney M. Townsend, Chirurgia Sabiston, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 376:

After passing through frmo the channels do the biliary ductules, and then to the main biliary ductules, bile undergoes further reabsorbtion and emission.

(biochemistry) bile (liquid produced by the liver)


gałąź

gałązka (diminutive)
gałąź (nominative singular)
gałęzie (nominative plural)
gałęzi (genitive singular)
gałęzi (genitive plural)
gałęzi (dative singular)
gałęziom (dative plural)
gałąź (accusative singular)
gałęzie (accusative plural)
gałęzią (instrumental singular)
gałęziami (instrumental plural)
gałęźmi (instrumental plural)
gałęzi (locative singular)
gałęziach (locative plural)
gałęzi (singular vocative)
gałęzie (plural vocative)
gałęź (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *galǫzь. Cognate with Czech haluz and Ukrainian галузь (haluzʹ).


propagator

propagator (nominative singular)
propagatory (nominative plural)
propagatora (genitive singular)
propagatorów (genitive plural)
propagatorowi (dative singular)
propagatorom (dative plural)
propagator (accusative singular)
propagatory (accusative plural)
propagatorem (instrumental singular)
propagatorami (instrumental plural)
propagatorze (locative singular)
propagatorach (locative plural)
propagatorze (singular vocative)
propagatory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin prōpāgātor.


arginina

arginina (nominative singular)
argininy (genitive singular)
argininie (dative singular)
argininę (accusative singular)
argininą (instrumental singular)
argininie (locative singular)
arginino (singular vocative)


komora

komórka (diminutive)
komora (nominative singular)
komory (nominative plural)
komory (genitive singular)
komór (genitive plural)
komorze (dative singular)
komorom (dative plural)
komorę (accusative singular)
komory (accusative plural)
komorą (instrumental singular)
komorami (instrumental plural)
komorze (locative singular)
komorach (locative plural)
komoro (singular vocative)
komory (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòmòra

Learned borrowing from Latin camara, camera. Doublet of kamera.


albumina

albumina (nominative singular)
albuminy (nominative plural)
albuminy (genitive singular)
albumin (genitive plural)
albuminie (dative singular)
albuminom (dative plural)
albuminę (accusative singular)
albuminy (accusative plural)
albuminą (instrumental singular)
albuminami (instrumental plural)
albuminie (locative singular)
albuminach (locative plural)
albumino (singular vocative)
albuminy (plural vocative)
albumin (alternative)

From Latin albūmen + -ina. First attested in 1807.

ref

Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807) Początki chemii dla uzycia słuchaczow akademickich ułozone. T. 2 (in Polish), page 117

albumina in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

ludzka albumina

albumina znakowana

surowicza albumina wołowa

wydalanie albumin z moczem

stężenie albumin

roztwór albuminy

zawartość albumin

poziom albumin

albuminy osocza

albumina jaja

przyjmować albuminę


astenosfera

astenosfera (nominative singular)
astenosfery (genitive singular)
astenosferze (dative singular)
astenosferę (accusative singular)
astenosferą (instrumental singular)
astenosferze (locative singular)
astenosfero (singular vocative)


kraton

kraton (nominative singular)
kratony (nominative plural)
kratonu (genitive singular)
kratonów (genitive plural)
kratonowi (dative singular)
kratonom (dative plural)
kraton (accusative singular)
kratony (accusative plural)
kratonem (instrumental singular)
kratonami (instrumental plural)
kratonie (locative singular)
kratonach (locative plural)
kratonie (singular vocative)
kratony (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, might”).


metamorfoza

metamorfoza (nominative singular)
metamorfozy (nominative plural)
metamorfozy (genitive singular)
metamorfoz (genitive plural)
metamorfozie (dative singular)
metamorfozom (dative plural)
metamorfozę (accusative singular)
metamorfozy (accusative plural)
metamorfozą (instrumental singular)
metamorfozami (instrumental plural)
metamorfozie (locative singular)
metamorfozach (locative plural)
metamorfozo (singular vocative)
metamorfozy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French métamorphose, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis).

μεταμόρφωσις

(biology) metamorphosis (change in the form and often habits of an animal)

(geology) metamorphism (process by which rocks are changed into other forms by the application of heat and/or pressure)


platforma

platforma (nominative singular)
platformy (nominative plural)
platformy (genitive singular)
platform (genitive plural)
platformie (dative singular)
platformom (dative plural)
platformę (accusative singular)
platformy (accusative plural)
platformą (instrumental singular)
platformami (instrumental plural)
platformie (locative singular)
platformach (locative plural)
platformo (singular vocative)
platformy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French plate-forme, from Middle French plateforme.

(geology) platform (continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata)


albit

albit (nominative singular)
albity (nominative plural)
albitu (genitive singular)
albitów (genitive plural)
albitowi (dative singular)
albitom (dative plural)
albit (accusative singular)
albity (accusative plural)
albitem (instrumental singular)
albitami (instrumental plural)
albicie (locative singular)
albitach (locative plural)
albicie (singular vocative)
albity (plural vocative)

From Latin albus + -it. First attested in 1825.

ref

Dziennik Wileński (in Polish), number T.2, nr 5, 1825, page 97

albit in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


klimatolog

klimatolog (nominative singular)
klimatolodzy (nominative plural)
klimatologowie (nominative plural)
klimatologi (derogatory nominative plural)
klimatologa (genitive singular)
klimatologów (genitive plural)
klimatologowi (dative singular)
klimatologom (dative plural)
klimatologa (accusative singular)
klimatologów (accusative plural)
klimatologiem (instrumental singular)
klimatologami (instrumental plural)
klimatologu (locative singular)
klimatologach (locative plural)
klimatologu (singular vocative)
klimatolodzy (plural vocative)
klimatologowie (plural vocative)


Kosmos

Kosmos (nominative singular)
Kosmosu (genitive singular)
Kosmosowi (dative singular)
Kosmos (accusative singular)
Kosmosem (instrumental singular)
Kosmosie (locative singular)
Kosmosie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Cosmos, French Cosmos, German Kosmos, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κόσμος (Kósmos).

(cosmology, philosophy) Alternative letter-case form of kosmos.


biosfera

biosfera (nominative singular)
biosfery (genitive singular)
biosferze (dative singular)
biosferę (accusative singular)
biosferą (instrumental singular)
biosferze (locative singular)
biosfero (singular vocative)

From bio- + sfera. First attested in 1859 in the sense of 'atom of spherical shape'; subsequently attested in 1931 in the sense of 'biosphere'.

cała biosfera

ziemska biosfera/biosfera Ziemi

część biosfery

rezerwat biosfery

degradacja biosfery

funkcjonowanie biosfery

powstanie biosfery

skażenie biosfery

wpływ na biosferę

przenikać do biosfery

wprowadzić do biosfery

(biology) biosphere (part of the Earth and its atmosphere capable of supporting life)


orbita

orbita (nominative singular)
orbity (nominative plural)
orbity (genitive singular)
orbit (genitive plural)
orbicie (dative singular)
orbitom (dative plural)
orbitę (accusative singular)
orbity (accusative plural)
orbitą (instrumental singular)
orbitami (instrumental plural)
orbicie (locative singular)
orbitach (locative plural)
orbito (singular vocative)
orbity (plural vocative)


procesor

pl-noun

procesor m inan (related adjective procesorowy)

procesorowy (adjective)
procesor (nominative singular)
procesory (nominative plural)
procesora (genitive singular)
procesorów (genitive plural)
procesorowi (dative singular)
procesorom (dative plural)
procesor (accusative singular)
procesory (accusative plural)
procesorem (instrumental singular)
procesorami (instrumental plural)
procesorze (locative singular)
procesorach (locative plural)
procesorze (singular vocative)
procesory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) computer processor, processor


prefiks

prefiks (nominative singular)
prefiksy (nominative plural)
prefiksu (genitive singular)
prefiksów (genitive plural)
prefiksowi (dative singular)
prefiksom (dative plural)
prefiks (accusative singular)
prefiksy (accusative plural)
prefiksem (instrumental singular)
prefiksami (instrumental plural)
prefiksie (locative singular)
prefiksach (locative plural)
prefiksie (singular vocative)
prefiksy (plural vocative)


sufiks

sufiks (nominative singular)
sufiksy (nominative plural)
sufiksu (genitive singular)
sufiksów (genitive plural)
sufiksowi (dative singular)
sufiksom (dative plural)
sufiks (accusative singular)
sufiksy (accusative plural)
sufiksem (instrumental singular)
sufiksami (instrumental plural)
sufiksie (locative singular)
sufiksach (locative plural)
sufiksie (singular vocative)
sufiksy (plural vocative)


kompilator

kompilator (nominative singular)
kompilatory (nominative plural)
kompilatora (genitive singular)
kompilatorów (genitive plural)
kompilatorowi (dative singular)
kompilatorom (dative plural)
kompilator (accusative singular)
kompilatory (accusative plural)
kompilatorem (instrumental singular)
kompilatorami (instrumental plural)
kompilatorze (locative singular)
kompilatorach (locative plural)
kompilatorze (singular vocative)
kompilatory (plural vocative)

(software compilation) compiler (computer program which transforms source code into object code)


krak

krak m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
krak (nominative singular)
kraki (nominative plural)
kraka (genitive singular)
kraku (genitive singular)
kraków (genitive plural)
krakowi (dative singular)
krakom (dative plural)
kraka (accusative singular)
krak (accusative singular)
kraki (accusative plural)
krakiem (instrumental singular)
krakami (instrumental plural)
kraku (locative singular)
krakach (locative plural)
kraku (singular vocative)
kraki (plural vocative)
crack (alternative)

(computing) crack (program or procedure designed to circumvent restrictions or usage limits on software)


zoosporangium

zoosporangium (nominative singular)
zoosporangia (nominative plural)
zoosporangium (genitive singular)
zoosporangiów (genitive plural)
zoosporangium (dative singular)
zoosporangiom (dative plural)
zoosporangium (accusative singular)
zoosporangia (accusative plural)
zoosporangium (instrumental singular)
zoosporangiami (instrumental plural)
zoosporangium (locative singular)
zoosporangiach (locative plural)
zoosporangium (singular vocative)
zoosporangia (plural vocative)


aceton

aceton (nominative singular)
acetonu (genitive singular)
acetonowi (dative singular)
aceton (accusative singular)
acetonem (instrumental singular)
acetonie (locative singular)
acetonie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetone. Ultimately from Latin acētum. First attested in 1839.

ref

Richard Felix Marchand (1839) Zasady chemii. Cz. 2, Chemia organiczna Marchanda, page 46

nadtlenek acetonu

zapach acetonu

baza acetonu

produkcja aceton

(organic chemistry) acetone (a colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH₃)₂CO, used as a solvent)


akumulator

pl-noun

akumulator m inan (diminutive akumulatorek)

akumulatorek (diminutive)
akumulator (nominative singular)
akumulatory (nominative plural)
akumulatora (genitive singular)
akumulatorów (genitive plural)
akumulatorowi (dative singular)
akumulatorom (dative plural)
akumulator (accusative singular)
akumulatory (accusative plural)
akumulatorem (instrumental singular)
akumulatorami (instrumental plural)
akumulatorze (locative singular)
akumulatorach (locative plural)
akumulatorze (singular vocative)
akumulatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Akkumulator or French accumulateur, Latin accumulātor. First attested in 1872.

ref

Opiekun Domowy : pismo tygodniowe sprawom wychowania, rzeczom społecznym, nauce, literaturze i sztuce poświęcone (in Polish), number R.8, Serya 3, nr 45, 1872, page 354

akumulator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


alkoholan

alkoholan (nominative singular)
alkoholany (nominative plural)
alkoholanu (genitive singular)
alkoholanów (genitive plural)
alkoholanowi (dative singular)
alkoholanom (dative plural)
alkoholan (accusative singular)
alkoholany (accusative plural)
alkoholanem (instrumental singular)
alkoholanami (instrumental plural)
alkoholanie (locative singular)
alkoholanach (locative plural)
alkoholanie (singular vocative)
alkoholany (plural vocative)

From alkohol + -an. First attested in 1859.

Samuel Orgelbrand (1859) Encyklopedyja powszechna. T. 1, (A-Aos). (in Polish), page 481

alkoholan in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(organic chemistry) alcoholate, alkoxide (crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization)


analizator

analizator (nominative singular)
analizatory (nominative plural)
analizatoru (genitive singular)
analizatorów (genitive plural)
analizatorowi (dative singular)
analizatorom (dative plural)
analizator (accusative singular)
analizatory (accusative plural)
analizatorem (instrumental singular)
analizatorami (instrumental plural)
analizatorze (locative singular)
analizatorach (locative plural)
analizatorze (singular vocative)
analizatory (plural vocative)

From analizować + -ator. First attested in 1839.

Tygodnik Petersburski (in Polish), number R.10, cz. 19, nr 43, 1839, page 246

polaryzacji analizatora


antena

antenka (diminutive)
antena (nominative singular)
anteny (nominative plural)
anteny (genitive singular)
anten (genitive plural)
antenie (dative singular)
antenom (dative plural)
antenę (accusative singular)
anteny (accusative plural)
anteną (instrumental singular)
antenami (instrumental plural)
antenie (locative singular)
antenach (locative plural)
anteno (singular vocative)
anteny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English antenna, French antenne, German Antenne, ultimately from Latin antenna.

(technology) antenna (device to receive or transmit radio signals)

(zoology) antenna (a feeler organ on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal)


balon

pl-noun

balon m inan (diminutive balonik or balonek)

balonik (diminutive)
balonek (diminutive)
balon (nominative singular)
balony (nominative plural)
balonu (genitive singular)
balonów (genitive plural)
balonowi (dative singular)
balonom (dative plural)
balon (accusative singular)
balony (accusative plural)
balonem (instrumental singular)
balonami (instrumental plural)
balonie (locative singular)
balonach (locative plural)
balonie (singular vocative)
balony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ballon, from Middle French ballon, from northern Italian balone, ballone.

(aviation) balloon (inflatable and buoyant object)


agregat

agregat (nominative singular)
agregaty (nominative plural)
agregatu (genitive singular)
agregatów (genitive plural)
agregatowi (dative singular)
agregatom (dative plural)
agregat (accusative singular)
agregaty (accusative plural)
agregatem (instrumental singular)
agregatami (instrumental plural)
agregacie (locative singular)
agregatach (locative plural)
agregacie (singular vocative)
agregaty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English aggregate. Possibly borrowed from German Aggregat or French agrégat, ultimately from Latin aggregātus. First attested in 1825.

(chemistry, physics) aggregate (mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles)


akcelerator

akcelerator (nominative singular)
akceleratory (nominative plural)
akceleratora (genitive singular)
akceleratorów (genitive plural)
akceleratorowi (dative singular)
akceleratorom (dative plural)
akcelerator (accusative singular)
akceleratory (accusative plural)
akceleratorem (instrumental singular)
akceleratorami (instrumental plural)
akceleratorze (locative singular)
akceleratorach (locative plural)
akceleratorze (singular vocative)
akceleratory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English accelerator. Ultimately from Latin accelerō + -ator. First attested in 1910.

particle accelerator
particle accelerator

(physics) accelerator, particle accelerator (machine or device used for accelerating particles)

(computing) accelerator (computer component using dedicated hardware to accelerate the processing and display of graphics)


ponor

ponor (nominative singular)
ponory (nominative plural)
ponoru (genitive singular)
ponorów (genitive plural)
ponorowi (dative singular)
ponorom (dative plural)
ponor (accusative singular)
ponory (accusative plural)
ponorem (instrumental singular)
ponorami (instrumental plural)
ponorze (locative singular)
ponorach (locative plural)
ponorze (singular vocative)
ponory (plural vocative)

(geology) ponor (opening where surface water enters underground)


amplituda

amplituda (nominative singular)
amplitudy (nominative plural)
amplitudy (genitive singular)
amplitud (genitive plural)
amplitudzie (dative singular)
amplitudom (dative plural)
amplitudę (accusative singular)
amplitudy (accusative plural)
amplitudą (instrumental singular)
amplitudami (instrumental plural)
amplitudzie (locative singular)
amplitudach (locative plural)
amplitudo (singular vocative)
amplitudy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amplitūdō. First attested in 1859.

ref

Encyklopedyja powszechna. T. 1, (A-Aos). (in Polish), 1859, page 678

(physics) amplitude (maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies)

(meteorology) amplitude (maximum difference of temperatures)


aglomerat

aglomerat (nominative singular)
aglomeraty (nominative plural)
aglomeratu (genitive singular)
aglomeratów (genitive plural)
aglomeratowi (dative singular)
aglomeratom (dative plural)
aglomerat (accusative singular)
aglomeraty (accusative plural)
aglomeratem (instrumental singular)
aglomeratami (instrumental plural)
aglomeracie (locative singular)
aglomeratach (locative plural)
aglomeracie (singular vocative)
aglomeraty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English agglomerate. Possibly borrowed from French agglomérat or from German Agglomerat, ultimately from Latin agglomerō + -at. First attested in 1833.

(geology) agglomerate (mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat)


anoda

anoda (nominative singular)
anody (nominative plural)
anody (genitive singular)
anod (genitive plural)
anodzie (dative singular)
anodom (dative plural)
anodę (accusative singular)
anody (accusative plural)
anodą (instrumental singular)
anodami (instrumental plural)
anodzie (locative singular)
anodach (locative plural)
anodo (singular vocative)
anody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα (ana) + Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós). Doublet of nachód (“invasion”).

(chemistry, electricity) anode (electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs)

(electronics) anode (electrode which collects electrons emitted by the cathode in a vacuum tube or gas-filled tube)


katoda

katoda (nominative singular)
katody (nominative plural)
katody (genitive singular)
katod (genitive plural)
katodzie (dative singular)
katodom (dative plural)
katodę (accusative singular)
katody (accusative plural)
katodą (instrumental singular)
katodami (instrumental plural)
katodzie (locative singular)
katodach (locative plural)
katodo (singular vocative)
katody (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English cathode, French cathode, German Kathode, ultimately from Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-) + ὁδός (hodós).

(chemistry, electricity) cathode (electrode through which current flows outward)

(electronics) cathode (electrode from which electrons are emitted into a vacuum tube or gas-filled tube)


podgrupa

podgrupka (diminutive)
podgrupa (nominative singular)
podgrupy (nominative plural)
podgrupy (genitive singular)
podgrup (genitive plural)
podgrupie (dative singular)
podgrupom (dative plural)
podgrupę (accusative singular)
podgrupy (accusative plural)
podgrupą (instrumental singular)
podgrupami (instrumental plural)
podgrupie (locative singular)
podgrupach (locative plural)
podgrupo (singular vocative)
podgrupy (plural vocative)

(taxonomy) subgroup (taxonomic rank between species and genus)


akceptor

akceptor (nominative singular)
akceptory (nominative plural)
akceptora (genitive singular)
akceptorów (genitive plural)
akceptorowi (dative singular)
akceptorom (dative plural)
akceptor (accusative singular)
akceptory (accusative plural)
akceptorem (instrumental singular)
akceptorami (instrumental plural)
akceptorze (locative singular)
akceptorach (locative plural)
akceptorze (singular vocative)
akceptory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin acceptor. First attested in 1912.

akceptor elektronów

akceptor protonu

(physics, chemistry) acceptor (atom or molecule which can accept an electron to form a chemical bond, or a chemical acceptor atom forming a positive hole in a semiconductor)


bioelektronika

bioelektronika (nominative singular)
bioelektroniki (genitive singular)
bioelektronice (dative singular)
bioelektronikę (accusative singular)
bioelektroniką (instrumental singular)
bioelektronice (locative singular)
bioelektroniko (singular vocative)

From bio- + elektronika. First attested in 1953, but in common usage only as of 1971.

etydate

(biology, electronics) bioelectronics (application of electronics in the field of biology)


galenit

galenit (nominative singular)
galenitu (genitive singular)
galenitowi (dative singular)
galenit (accusative singular)
galenitem (instrumental singular)
galenicie (locative singular)
galenicie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Galenit, from Latin galēna.


elektron

Coordinate term: antyelektron

(particle physics) electron (the negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit atoms)


fenol

fenol (nominative singular)
fenole (nominative plural)
fenolu (genitive singular)
fenoli (genitive plural)
fenolowi (dative singular)
fenolom (dative plural)
fenol (accusative singular)
fenole (accusative plural)
fenolem (instrumental singular)
fenolami (instrumental plural)
fenolu (locative singular)
fenolach (locative plural)
fenolu (singular vocative)
fenole (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) phenol (organic compound)

(organic chemistry) compound derived from phenol


bajt

bajt (nominative singular)
bajty (nominative plural)
bajta (genitive singular)
bajtów (genitive plural)
bajtowi (dative singular)
bajtom (dative plural)
bajt (accusative singular)
bajty (accusative plural)
bajtem (instrumental singular)
bajtami (instrumental plural)
bajcie (locative singular)
bajtach (locative plural)
bajcie (singular vocative)
bajty (plural vocative)


tuf

tuf (nominative singular)
tufy (nominative plural)
tufu (genitive singular)
tufów (genitive plural)
tufowi (dative singular)
tufom (dative plural)
tuf (accusative singular)
tufy (accusative plural)
tufem (instrumental singular)
tufami (instrumental plural)
tufie (locative singular)
tufach (locative plural)
tufie (singular vocative)
tufy (plural vocative)


ekspres

ekspres (nominative singular)
ekspresy (nominative plural)
ekspresu (genitive singular)
ekspresów (genitive plural)
ekspresowi (dative singular)
ekspresom (dative plural)
ekspres (accusative singular)
ekspresy (accusative plural)
ekspresem (instrumental singular)
ekspresami (instrumental plural)
ekspresie (locative singular)
ekspresach (locative plural)
ekspresie (singular vocative)
ekspresy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English express, from French exprès, from Latin expressus.

(firearms) type of double-barrelled rifle


kombajn

kombajn (nominative singular)
kombajny (nominative plural)
kombajnu (genitive singular)
kombajnów (genitive plural)
kombajnowi (dative singular)
kombajnom (dative plural)
kombajn (accusative singular)
kombajny (accusative plural)
kombajnem (instrumental singular)
kombajnami (instrumental plural)
kombajnie (locative singular)
kombajnach (locative plural)
kombajnie (singular vocative)
kombajny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English combine, from Middle French combiner, from Late Latin combīnāre.


fonon

fonon (nominative singular)
fonony (nominative plural)
fononu (genitive singular)
fononów (genitive plural)
fononowi (dative singular)
fononom (dative plural)
fonon (accusative singular)
fonony (accusative plural)
fononem (instrumental singular)
fononami (instrumental plural)
fononie (locative singular)
fononach (locative plural)
fononie (singular vocative)
fonony (plural vocative)


kokon

kokonik (diminutive)
kokon (nominative singular)
kokony (nominative plural)
kokonu (genitive singular)
kokonów (genitive plural)
kokonowi (dative singular)
kokonom (dative plural)
kokon (accusative singular)
kokony (accusative plural)
kokonem (instrumental singular)
kokonami (instrumental plural)
kokonie (locative singular)
kokonach (locative plural)
kokonie (singular vocative)
kokony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cocon, from Occitan coucoun.

(entomology) cocoon (silky protective case spun by the larvae of some insects)


morfina

morfinowy (adjective)
morfina (nominative singular)
morfiny (genitive singular)
morfinie (dative singular)
morfinę (accusative singular)
morfiną (instrumental singular)
morfinie (locative singular)
morfino (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English morphine, French morphine, German Morphin, ultimately from Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús).

(biochemistry, pharmacology) morphine (opioid used as an anaesthetic or recreational drug)


ścieżka

ścieżka (nominative singular)
ścieżki (nominative plural)
ścieżki (genitive singular)
ścieżek (genitive plural)
ścieżce (dative singular)
ścieżkom (dative plural)
ścieżkę (accusative singular)
ścieżki (accusative plural)
ścieżką (instrumental singular)
ścieżkami (instrumental plural)
ścieżce (locative singular)
ścieżkach (locative plural)
ścieżko (singular vocative)
ścieżki (plural vocative)
stedzka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish stdza, from Proto-Slavic *stьžьka, diminutive of *stьga, later form after the third palatalization *stьdza.

/ˈɕt͡ɕɛʂ.ka/

(computing) path (a specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure)


gnejs

gnejs (nominative singular)
gnejsy (nominative plural)
gnejsu (genitive singular)
gnejsów (genitive plural)
gnejsowi (dative singular)
gnejsom (dative plural)
gnejs (accusative singular)
gnejsy (accusative plural)
gnejsem (instrumental singular)
gnejsami (instrumental plural)
gnejsie (locative singular)
gnejsach (locative plural)
gnejsie (singular vocative)
gnejsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Gneis, from Middle High German gneist, from Old High German gneisto, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô, from *ga- + *hnaistô.


telegrafia

telegrafia (nominative singular)
telegrafii (genitive singular)
telegrafii (dative singular)
telegrafię (accusative singular)
telegrafią (instrumental singular)
telegrafii (locative singular)
telegrafio (singular vocative)
telegrafja (alternative)

Internationalism; compare English telegraphy, French télégraphie, German Telegraphie. By surface analysis, tele- + -grafia.

(historical, telegraphy) telegraphy (communication by means of a telegraph)


protokół

pl-noun

protokół m inan (diminutive protokólik or protokolik)

protokólik (diminutive)
protokolik (diminutive)
protokół (nominative singular)
protokoły (nominative plural)
protokóły (nominative plural)
protokołu (genitive singular)
protokółu (genitive singular)
protokołów (genitive plural)
protokółów (genitive plural)
protokołowi (dative singular)
protokółowi (dative singular)
protokołom (dative plural)
protokółom (dative plural)
protokół (accusative singular)
protokoły (accusative plural)
protokóły (accusative plural)
protokołem (instrumental singular)
protokółem (instrumental singular)
protokołami (instrumental plural)
protokółami (instrumental plural)
protokole (locative singular)
protokóle (locative singular)
protokołach (locative plural)
protokółach (locative plural)
protokole (singular vocative)
protokóle (singular vocative)
protokoły (plural vocative)
protokóły (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French protocole, from Medieval Latin prōtocollum (“the first sheet of a volume (on which contents and errata were written)”), from Byzantine Greek πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon, “first sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

der

(computing) protocol (set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network)


liczydło

pl-noun

liczydło n (diminutive liczydełko, related adjective liczydłowy)

liczydełko (diminutive)
liczydłowy (adjective)
liczydło (nominative singular)
liczydła (nominative plural)
liczydła (genitive singular)
liczydeł (genitive plural)
liczydłu (dative singular)
liczydłom (dative plural)
liczydło (accusative singular)
liczydła (accusative plural)
liczydłem (instrumental singular)
liczydłami (instrumental plural)
liczydle (locative singular)
liczydłach (locative plural)
liczydło (singular vocative)
liczydła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ličьdlo. By surface analysis, liczyć + -dło.

(mechanics) indicating mechanism of a counter


kwas

kwasek (diminutive)
kwas (nominative singular)
kwasy (nominative plural)
kwasu (genitive singular)
kwasów (genitive plural)
kwasowi (dative singular)
kwasom (dative plural)
kwas (accusative singular)
kwasy (accusative plural)
kwasem (instrumental singular)
kwasami (instrumental plural)
kwasie (locative singular)
kwasach (locative plural)
kwasie (singular vocative)
kwasy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ. Cognate with Latin cāseus whence English cheese, and Sanskrit क्वथ् (kvath, “to boil”).

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide

(organic chemistry, slang) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide (powerful synthetic hallucinogen)


mysz

myszka (diminutive)
mysz (nominative singular)
myszy (nominative plural)
myszy (genitive singular)
myszy (genitive plural)
myszy (dative singular)
myszom (dative plural)
mysz (accusative singular)
myszy (accusative plural)
myszą (instrumental singular)
myszami (instrumental plural)
myszy (locative singular)
myszach (locative plural)
myszy (singular vocative)
myszy (plural vocative)
mysza (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mỳšь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mū́ˀšis, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

sl

(computer hardware) mouse (computer input device)


myszka

myszka (nominative singular)
myszki (nominative plural)
myszki (genitive singular)
myszek (genitive plural)
myszce (dative singular)
myszkom (dative plural)
myszkę (accusative singular)
myszki (accusative plural)
myszką (instrumental singular)
myszkami (instrumental plural)
myszce (locative singular)
myszkach (locative plural)
myszko (singular vocative)
myszki (plural vocative)

From mysz + -ka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

(computer hardware) mouse (computing: input device)


bateria

pl-noun

bateria f (diminutive bateryjka, related adjective bateriowy or bateryjny)

bateryjka (diminutive)
bateriowy (adjective)
bateryjny (adjective)

Borrowed from French batterie. Compare Slovincian batrëja.

(electronics) battery (a device that produces electricity by a chemical reaction)


zwierzę

zwierzę n (diminutive zwierzątko, related adjective zwierzęcy)

zwierzątko (diminutive)
zwierzęcy (adjective)
zwierzę (nominative singular)
zwierzęta (nominative plural)
zwierzęcia (genitive singular)
zwierząt (genitive plural)
zwierzęciu (dative singular)
zwierzętom (dative plural)
zwierzę (accusative singular)
zwierzęta (accusative plural)
zwierzęciem (instrumental singular)
zwierzętami (instrumental plural)
zwierzęciu (locative singular)
zwierzętach (locative plural)
zwierzę (singular vocative)
zwierzęta (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish źwierzę. By surface analysis, zwierz + -ę.

(biology) animal (eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants))


puszka

puszka (nominative singular)
puszki (nominative plural)
puszki (genitive singular)
puszek (genitive plural)
puszce (dative singular)
puszkom (dative plural)
puszkę (accusative singular)
puszki (accusative plural)
puszką (instrumental singular)
puszkami (instrumental plural)
puszce (locative singular)
puszkach (locative plural)
puszko (singular vocative)
puszki (plural vocative)


siła

siła (nominative singular)
siły (nominative plural)
siły (genitive singular)
sił (genitive plural)
sile (dative singular)
siłom (dative plural)
siłę (accusative singular)
siły (accusative plural)
siłą (instrumental singular)
siłami (instrumental plural)
sile (locative singular)
siłach (locative plural)
siło (singular vocative)
siły (plural vocative)
sieła (alternative)

(physics) force (physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn))


prowadzić

pl-verb

prowadzić impf (frequentative prowadzać)

prowadzać (frequentative)
prowadzić (infinitive)
prowadzę (present singular)
prowadzimy (plural present)
prowadzisz (present singular)
prowadzicie (plural present)
prowadzi (present singular third-person)
prowadzą (plural present third-person)
prowadzi się (impersonal present)
prowadziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadził (masculine past singular third-person)
prowadziła (feminine past singular third-person)
prowadziło (neuter past singular third-person)
prowadzili (past plural third-person virile)
prowadziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
prowadzono (impersonal past)
będę prowadził (future masculine singular)
będę prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będę prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będę prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będę prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będę prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz prowadził (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie prowadził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą prowadzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą prowadzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie prowadzić się (future impersonal)
prowadziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by prowadził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
prowadziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by prowadziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
prowadziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by prowadziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
prowadziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by prowadzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
prowadziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
prowadzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech prowadzę (imperative singular)
prowadźmy (imperative plural)
prowadź (imperative singular)
prowadźcie (imperative plural)
niech prowadzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech prowadzą (imperative plural third-person)
prowadzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
prowadząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
prowadzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
prowadzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
prowadzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
prowadzony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
prowadzona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
prowadzone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
prowadzeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
prowadzone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
prowadząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
prowadzenie (noun-from-verb)

→ Kashubian: prowadzëc

→ Slovincian: prôwadzëc

(transitive, botany) to guide (to give the plant a planned shape, size and form through special care treatments)


przeprowadzać

przeprowadzać impf (perfective przeprowadzić)

przeprowadzić (perfective)
przeprowadzać (infinitive)
przeprowadzam (present singular)
przeprowadzamy (plural present)
przeprowadzasz (present singular)
przeprowadzacie (plural present)
przeprowadza (present singular third-person)
przeprowadzają (plural present third-person)
przeprowadza się (impersonal present)
przeprowadzałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzał (masculine past singular)
przeprowadzałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzała (feminine past singular)
przeprowadzałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzało (neuter past singular)
przeprowadzaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy przeprowadzali (past plural virile)
przeprowadzałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural)
przeprowadzałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzał (masculine past singular)
przeprowadzałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzała (feminine past singular)
przeprowadzałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzało (neuter past singular)
przeprowadzaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście przeprowadzali (past plural virile)
przeprowadzałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural)
przeprowadzał (masculine past singular third-person)
przeprowadzała (feminine past singular third-person)
przeprowadzało (neuter past singular third-person)
przeprowadzali (past plural third-person virile)
przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
przeprowadzano (impersonal past)
będę przeprowadzał (future masculine singular)
będę przeprowadzać (future masculine singular)
będę przeprowadzała (feminine future singular)
będę przeprowadzać (feminine future singular)
będę przeprowadzało (future neuter singular)
będę przeprowadzać (future neuter singular)
będziemy przeprowadzali (future plural virile)
będziemy przeprowadzać (future plural virile)
będziemy przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz przeprowadzał (future masculine singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (future masculine singular)
będziesz przeprowadzała (feminine future singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (feminine future singular)
będziesz przeprowadzało (future neuter singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (future neuter singular)
będziecie przeprowadzali (future plural virile)
będziecie przeprowadzać (future plural virile)
będziecie przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie przeprowadzał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą przeprowadzali (future plural third-person virile)
będą przeprowadzać (future plural third-person virile)
będą przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać się (future impersonal)
przeprowadzałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular)
przeprowadzałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular)
przeprowadzałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular)
przeprowadzalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy przeprowadzali (conditional plural virile)
przeprowadzałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural)
przeprowadzałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular)
przeprowadzałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular)
przeprowadzałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular)
przeprowadzalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście przeprowadzali (conditional plural virile)
przeprowadzałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural)
przeprowadzałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
przeprowadzałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
przeprowadzałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
przeprowadzaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by przeprowadzali (conditional plural third-person virile)
przeprowadzałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
przeprowadzano by (conditional impersonal)
niech przeprowadzam (imperative singular)
przeprowadzajmy (imperative plural)
przeprowadzaj (imperative singular)
przeprowadzajcie (imperative plural)
niech przeprowadza (imperative singular third-person)
niech przeprowadzają (imperative plural third-person)
przeprowadzający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
przeprowadzająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
przeprowadzające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
przeprowadzający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
przeprowadzające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
przeprowadzany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
przeprowadzana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
przeprowadzane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
przeprowadzani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
przeprowadzane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
przeprowadzając (adjectival contemporary participle)
przeprowadzanie (noun-from-verb)

(transitive, obsolete, botany) to conduct; to let through oneself


wyjście

wyjście (nominative singular)
wyjścia (nominative plural)
wyjścia (genitive singular)
wyjść (genitive plural)
wyjściu (dative singular)
wyjściom (dative plural)
wyjście (accusative singular)
wyjścia (accusative plural)
wyjściem (instrumental singular)
wyjściami (instrumental plural)
wyjściu (locative singular)
wyjściach (locative plural)
wyjście (singular vocative)
wyjścia (plural vocative)

/ˈvɘ.jɕt͡ɕɛ/

Inherited from Old Polish wyszcie, wyście. By surface analysis, wyjść + -ie.


rudnik

pl-noun

rudnik m pers (related adjective rudniczy or (Middle Polish) rudników)

rudniczy (adjective)
rudników (Middle Polish adjective)
rudnik (nominative singular)
rudnicy (nominative plural)
rudniki (derogatory nominative plural)
rudnika (genitive singular)
rudników (genitive plural)
rudnikowi (dative singular)
rudnikom (dative plural)
rudnika (accusative singular)
rudników (accusative plural)
rudnikiem (instrumental singular)
rudnikami (instrumental plural)
rudniku (locative singular)
rudnikach (locative plural)
rudniku (singular vocative)
rudnicy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rudnik. By surface analysis, ruda + -nik.


punkt

punkt m inan (diminutive punkcik, abbreviation p. or pkt)

punkcik (diminutive)
p. (abbreviation)
pkt (abbreviation)
punkt (nominative singular)
punkty (nominative plural)
punktu (genitive singular)
punktów (genitive plural)
punktowi (dative singular)
punktom (dative plural)
punkt (accusative singular)
punkty (accusative plural)
punktem (instrumental singular)
punktami (instrumental plural)
punkcie (locative singular)
punktach (locative plural)
punkcie (singular vocative)
punkty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pūnctum. First attested in 1566. Doublet of puenta.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “punkt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “punkt I”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

punkt widzenia zależy od punktu siedzenia

(obsolete, cartography) cardinal direction


leukocyt

leukocyt (nominative singular)
leukocyty (nominative plural)
leukocytu (genitive singular)
leukocytów (genitive plural)
leukocytowi (dative singular)
leukocytom (dative plural)
leukocyt (accusative singular)
leukocyty (accusative plural)
leukocytem (instrumental singular)
leukocytami (instrumental plural)
leukocycie (locative singular)
leukocytach (locative plural)
leukocycie (singular vocative)
leukocyty (plural vocative)

Internationalism. Compare English leucocyte, French leucocyte, or German Leukozyt, from Latin leucocytus.


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

inh+

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


apastron

apastron (nominative singular)
apastrony (nominative plural)
apastronu (genitive singular)
apastronów (genitive plural)
apastronowi (dative singular)
apastronom (dative plural)
apastron (accusative singular)
apastrony (accusative plural)
apastronem (instrumental singular)
apastronami (instrumental plural)
apastronie (locative singular)
apastronach (locative plural)
apastronie (singular vocative)
apastrony (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀπό- (apó-) + Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́στρον (ắstron).


iglica

igliczka (diminutive)
iglica (nominative singular)
iglice (nominative plural)
iglicy (genitive singular)
iglic (genitive plural)
iglicy (dative singular)
iglicom (dative plural)
iglicę (accusative singular)
iglice (accusative plural)
iglicą (instrumental singular)
iglicami (instrumental plural)
iglicy (locative singular)
iglicach (locative plural)
iglico (singular vocative)
iglice (plural vocative)

(geology) needle (sharp pinnacle of rock)


korek

korek (nominative singular)
korki (nominative plural)
korka (genitive singular)
korków (genitive plural)
korkowi (dative singular)
korkom (dative plural)
korek (accusative singular)
korki (accusative plural)
korkiem (instrumental singular)
korkami (instrumental plural)
korku (locative singular)
korkach (locative plural)
korku (singular vocative)
korki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kork, from Spanish corcho, from Latin cortex.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) fuse (a device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit)


fenotyp

pl-noun

fenotyp m inan (related adjective fenotypowy)

fenotypowy (adjective)
fenotyp (nominative singular)
fenotypy (nominative plural)
fenotypu (genitive singular)
fenotypów (genitive plural)
fenotypowi (dative singular)
fenotypom (dative plural)
fenotyp (accusative singular)
fenotypy (accusative plural)
fenotypem (instrumental singular)
fenotypami (instrumental plural)
fenotypie (locative singular)
fenotypach (locative plural)
fenotypie (singular vocative)
fenotypy (plural vocative)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) phenotype (appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) phenotype (any observable characteristic of an organism, such as its morphological, developmental, biochemical, or physiological properties, or its behavior)


gameta

gameta (nominative singular)
gamety (nominative plural)
gamety (genitive singular)
gamet (genitive plural)
gamecie (dative singular)
gametom (dative plural)
gametę (accusative singular)
gamety (accusative plural)
gametą (instrumental singular)
gametami (instrumental plural)
gamecie (locative singular)
gametach (locative plural)
gameto (singular vocative)
gamety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γαμετή (gametḗ).


pasożyt

pasożyt (nominative singular)
pasożyty (nominative plural)
pasożyta (genitive singular)
pasożytów (genitive plural)
pasożytowi (dative singular)
pasożytom (dative plural)
pasożyta (accusative singular)
pasożyty (accusative plural)
pasożytem (instrumental singular)
pasożytami (instrumental plural)
pasożycie (locative singular)
pasożytach (locative plural)
pasożycie (singular vocative)
pasożyty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pasirzyt. By surface analysis, paść (“to graze”) + -o- + rzyć (“butt”), literally “butt grazer”. Compare Latin parasitus.

surf

– Czy podziela pan, doktorze Manson, opinię naszego francuskiego kolegi, doktora Alfonsa Laverana, który jest zdania, że to jakiś pasożyt wywołuje malarię? – zapytał major Ross.

1970, Lucjan Wolanowski, Upał i gorączka, Muza:

"Will you share with us, doctor Manson, our French collegue's opinion, doctor Alfons Laveran, who is of the opinion it is some parasite that is causing malaria?" Major Ross asked.

-Nasz pacjent twierdzi, że jest sprawcą morderstw popełnianych na mężczyznach w Breslau. Wnika w ciała młodych kobiet, które pod jego wpływem dopuszczają się tych przerażających okropności. Kosmiczny pasożyt.

"Our patient claims that he is the culprit of the murders committed on the men in Breslau. It gets inside the bodies of young women, who, under his influence, allow themselves to be affected by these terrifying atrocities. A cosmic parasite.


alanina

alanina (nominative singular)
alaniny (nominative plural)
alaniny (genitive singular)
alanin (genitive plural)
alaninie (dative singular)
alaninom (dative plural)
alaninę (accusative singular)
alaniny (accusative plural)
alaniną (instrumental singular)
alaninami (instrumental plural)
alaninie (locative singular)
alaninach (locative plural)
alanino (singular vocative)
alaniny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alanine. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900–1927), “alanina”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw


stechiometria

stechiometria (nominative singular)
stechiometrii (genitive singular)
stechiometrii (dative singular)
stechiometrię (accusative singular)
stechiometrią (instrumental singular)
stechiometrii (locative singular)
stechiometrio (singular vocative)


otwarty

pl-adj

otwarty (not generally comparable, comparative otwartszy or bardziej otwarty, superlative najotwartszy or najbardziej otwarty, derived adverb otwarcie)

otwartszy (comparative)
bardziej otwarty (comparative)
najotwartszy (superlative)
najbardziej otwarty (superlative)
otwarty (masculine nominative singular)
otwarta (feminine nominative singular)
otwarte (neuter nominative singular)
otwarci (nominative plural virile)
otwarte (nominative plural)
otwartego (genitive masculine singular)
otwartej (feminine genitive singular)
otwartego (genitive neuter singular)
otwartych (genitive plural)
otwartych (genitive plural virile)
otwartemu (dative masculine singular)
otwartej (dative feminine singular)
otwartemu (dative neuter singular)
otwartym (dative plural)
otwartym (dative plural virile)
otwartego (accusative animate masculine singular)
otwarty (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
otwartą (accusative feminine singular)
otwarte (accusative neuter singular)
otwartych (accusative plural virile)
otwarte (accusative plural)
otwartym (instrumental masculine singular)
otwartą (feminine instrumental singular)
otwartym (instrumental neuter singular)
otwartymi (instrumental plural)
otwartymi (instrumental plural virile)
otwartym (locative masculine singular)
otwartej (feminine locative singular)
otwartym (locative neuter singular)
otwartych (locative plural)
otwartych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish otwarty. By surface analysis, odewrzeć + -ty.

open (public, not hidden; with open access, of open science, or both)