abort

abort (nominative singular)
aborty (nominative plural)
abortu (genitive singular)
abortów (genitive plural)
abortowi (dative singular)
abortom (dative plural)
abort (accusative singular)
aborty (accusative plural)
abortem (instrumental singular)
abortami (instrumental plural)
aborcie (locative singular)
abortach (locative plural)
aborcie (singular vocative)
aborty (plural vocative)

(computing) force quit, closing (act of stopping a program)


absorber

absorber (nominative singular)
absorbery (nominative plural)
absorbera (genitive singular)
absorberów (genitive plural)
absorberowi (dative singular)
absorberom (dative plural)
absorber (accusative singular)
absorbery (accusative plural)
absorberem (instrumental singular)
absorberami (instrumental plural)
absorberze (locative singular)
absorberach (locative plural)
absorberze (singular vocative)
absorbery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English absorber. First attested in 1922.

ref

Przemysł Chemiczny : miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom polskiego przemysłu chemicznego, wydawany staraniem Instytutu Badań Naukowych i Technicznych "Metan" we Lwowie, number R. 6, nr 6, 1922, page 165

(chemistry, technology) absorber (device causing gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid)

(technology) scrubber (device that removes impurities from gases)


bit

bitowy (adjective)
bit (nominative singular)
bity (nominative plural)
bit (genitive singular)
bita (genitive singular)
bitów (genitive plural)
bitowi (dative singular)
bitom (dative plural)
bit (accusative singular)
bity (accusative plural)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bitami (instrumental plural)
bicie (locative singular)
bitach (locative plural)
bicie (singular vocative)
bity (plural vocative)

bit informacji

bit po bicie

(mathematics, computing) bit (binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0)


port

pl-noun

port m inan (diminutive porcik, related adjective portowy)

porcik (diminutive)
portowy (adjective)
port (nominative singular)
porty (nominative plural)
portu (genitive singular)
portów (genitive plural)
portowi (dative singular)
portom (dative plural)
port (accusative singular)
porty (accusative plural)
portem (instrumental singular)
portami (instrumental plural)
porcie (locative singular)
portach (locative plural)
porcie (singular vocative)
porty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: pòrt

Inherited from Old Polish port. Sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from English port. Doublet of fiord (“fjord”).

sl

(computing) port (logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred)

(computing, networking) port (number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service)


bot

bot (nominative singular)
boty (nominative plural)
bota (genitive singular)
botów (genitive plural)
botowi (dative singular)
botom (dative plural)
bota (accusative singular)
boty (accusative plural)
botem (instrumental singular)
botami (instrumental plural)
bocie (locative singular)
botach (locative plural)
bocie (singular vocative)
boty (plural vocative)


war

war (nominative singular)
wary (nominative plural)
waru (genitive singular)
warów (genitive plural)
warowi (dative singular)
warom (dative plural)
war (accusative singular)
wary (accusative plural)
warem (instrumental singular)
warami (instrumental plural)
warze (locative singular)
warach (locative plural)
warze (singular vocative)
wary (plural vocative)

(physics) var, volt-ampere reactive (unit of electrical power)


LED

ledowy (adjective)
LED (nominative singular)
LED-y (nominative plural)
LED-a (genitive singular)
LED-ów (genitive plural)
LED-owi (dative singular)
LED-om (dative plural)
LED (accusative singular)
LED-y (accusative plural)
LED-em (instrumental singular)
LED-ami (instrumental plural)
LED-zie (locative singular)
LED-ach (locative plural)
LED-zie (singular vocative)
LED-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English LED.

(electronics, technology) LED (rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light)


DVD

(computing) DVD (optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format)

(computing) DVD (drive in a computer that plays such discs)


SMS

pl-noun

SMS m animal or m inan (related adjective SMS-owy)

SMS m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
SMS-owy (adjective)
SMS (nominative singular)
SMS-y (nominative plural)
SMS-a (genitive singular)
SMS-u (genitive singular)
SMS-ów (genitive plural)
SMS-owi (dative singular)
SMS-om (dative plural)
SMS-a (accusative singular)
SMS (accusative singular)
SMS-y (accusative plural)
SMS-em (instrumental singular)
SMS-ami (instrumental plural)
SMS-ie (locative singular)
SMS-ach (locative plural)
SMS-ie (singular vocative)
SMS-y (plural vocative)
sms (alternative)

Orthographic borrowing from English SMS.

short message service
short message service

(uncountable, telecommunications) short message service (system for transmitting text messages on mobile phones)


software

software (nominative singular)
software'u (genitive singular)
software'owi (dative singular)
software (accusative singular)
software'em (instrumental singular)
softwarze (locative singular)
softwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English software.

ubor

Coordinate term: hardware

(software) software (encoded computer instructions)

(technology) technical and organizational ideas


absorbent

absorbent (nominative singular)
absorbenty (nominative plural)
absorbentu (genitive singular)
absorbentów (genitive plural)
absorbentowi (dative singular)
absorbentom (dative plural)
absorbent (accusative singular)
absorbenty (accusative plural)
absorbentem (instrumental singular)
absorbentami (instrumental plural)
absorbencie (locative singular)
absorbentach (locative plural)
absorbencie (singular vocative)
absorbenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English absorbent, from Latin absorbēns. First attested in 1925.

ref

Przemysł Chemiczny : miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom polskiego przemysłu chemicznego, wydawany staraniem Instytutu Badań Naukowych i Technicznych "Metan" we Lwowie, number R. 9, nr 11/12, 1925, page 257

(chemistry) absorbent, absorber (anything which absorbs)


Australia

pl-prop

Australia f (related adjective australijski)

australijski (adjective)
Australia (nominative singular)
Australii (genitive singular)
Australii (dative singular)
Australię (accusative singular)
Australią (instrumental singular)
Australii (locative singular)
Australio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita.

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


yeti

(cryptozoology) yeti, abominable snowman (unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas)


DNA

Orthographic borrowing from English DNA.

kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy
kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy#Polish

(genetics, molecular biology) Abbreviation of kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy.


pulpit

pulpicik (diminutive)
pulpit (nominative singular)
pulpity (nominative plural)
pulpitu (genitive singular)
pulpitów (genitive plural)
pulpitowi (dative singular)
pulpitom (dative plural)
pulpit (accusative singular)
pulpity (accusative plural)
pulpitem (instrumental singular)
pulpitami (instrumental plural)
pulpicie (locative singular)
pulpitach (locative plural)
pulpicie (singular vocative)
pulpity (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pulpitum. Doublet of pult.

(computing) desktop (the main graphical user interface of an operating system)


argument

argumencik (diminutive)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenty (nominative plural)
argumentu (genitive singular)
argumentów (genitive plural)
argumentowi (dative singular)
argumentom (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumenty (accusative plural)
argumentem (instrumental singular)
argumentami (instrumental plural)
argumencie (locative singular)
argumentach (locative plural)
argumencie (singular vocative)
argumenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum.

(philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)
adamas (alternative)
adament (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


pigment

pigment (nominative singular)
pigmenty (nominative plural)
pigmentu (genitive singular)
pigmentów (genitive plural)
pigmentowi (dative singular)
pigmentom (dative plural)
pigment (accusative singular)
pigmenty (accusative plural)
pigmentem (instrumental singular)
pigmentami (instrumental plural)
pigmencie (locative singular)
pigmentach (locative plural)
pigmencie (singular vocative)
pigmenty (plural vocative)

(biology) pigment (any color in plant or animal cells)


update

update (nominative singular)
update'y (nominative plural)
update'u (genitive singular)
update'ów (genitive plural)
update'owi (dative singular)
update'om (dative plural)
update (accusative singular)
update'y (accusative plural)
update'em (instrumental singular)
update'ami (instrumental plural)
updacie (locative singular)
update'ach (locative plural)
updacie (singular vocative)
update'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English update.

(computer science) update (action of making something up to date)


talk

talk (nominative singular)
talku (genitive singular)
talkowi (dative singular)
talk (accusative singular)
talkiem (instrumental singular)
talku (locative singular)
talku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin talcum.


benzol

benzol (nominative singular)
benzole (nominative plural)
benzolu (genitive singular)
benzoli (genitive plural)
benzolowi (dative singular)
benzolom (dative plural)
benzol (accusative singular)
benzole (accusative plural)
benzolem (instrumental singular)
benzolami (instrumental plural)
benzolu (locative singular)
benzolach (locative plural)
benzolu (singular vocative)
benzole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Benzol. By surface analysis, benzen + -ol.

(organic chemistry) benzol (an impure benzen)


polder

polder (nominative singular)
poldery (nominative plural)
polderu (genitive singular)
polderów (genitive plural)
polderowi (dative singular)
polderom (dative plural)
polder (accusative singular)
poldery (accusative plural)
polderem (instrumental singular)
polderami (instrumental plural)
polderze (locative singular)
polderach (locative plural)
polderze (singular vocative)
poldery (plural vocative)


galaktyka

galaktyka (nominative singular)
galaktyki (nominative plural)
galaktyki (genitive singular)
galaktyk (genitive plural)
galaktyce (dative singular)
galaktykom (dative plural)
galaktykę (accusative singular)
galaktyki (accusative plural)
galaktyką (instrumental singular)
galaktykami (instrumental plural)
galaktyce (locative singular)
galaktykach (locative plural)
galaktyko (singular vocative)
galaktyki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γαλακτικός (galaktikós).


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)

(countable, botany) mother (plant intended for seedlings)


kaczka

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)
kacka (alternative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka. Probably onomatopoeic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


cebula

cebula f (diminutive cebulka, related adjective cebulowy)

cebulka (diminutive)
cebulowy (adjective)
cebula (nominative singular)
cebule (nominative plural)
cebuli (genitive singular)
cebul (genitive plural)
cebuli (genitive plural)
cebuli (dative singular)
cebulom (dative plural)
cebulę (accusative singular)
cebule (accusative plural)
cebulą (instrumental singular)
cebulami (instrumental plural)
cebuli (locative singular)
cebulach (locative plural)
cebulo (singular vocative)
cebule (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja), цебу́лꙗ (cebúlja), цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja)
Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)
Carpathian Rusyn: цибу́ля (cybúlja)
Ukrainian: цибу́ля (cybúlja); цебу́ля (cebúlja) (dialectal)
→ Russian: цибу́ля (cibúlja) (dialectal)

Inherited from Old Polish cebula, from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla, from Latin cēpa.

der

cebula tulipana


klawiatura

klawiatura (nominative singular)
klawiatury (nominative plural)
klawiatury (genitive singular)
klawiatur (genitive plural)
klawiaturze (dative singular)
klawiaturom (dative plural)
klawiaturę (accusative singular)
klawiatury (accusative plural)
klawiaturą (instrumental singular)
klawiaturami (instrumental plural)
klawiaturze (locative singular)
klawiaturach (locative plural)
klawiaturo (singular vocative)
klawiatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Klaviatur, from Latin clāvis.


góra

pl-noun

góra f (diminutive górka, abbreviation g.)

górka (diminutive)
g. (abbreviation)
góra (nominative singular)
góry (nominative plural)
góry (genitive singular)
gór (genitive plural)
górze (dative singular)
górom (dative plural)
górę (accusative singular)
góry (accusative plural)
górą (instrumental singular)
górami (instrumental plural)
górze (locative singular)
górach (locative plural)
góro (singular vocative)
góry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish góra. Sense 5 is preserved in terms such as górnik and was displaced by kopalnia. Doublet of hore.

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, ale człowiek

nie przyszła góra do Mahometa, przyszedł Mahomet do góry

(countable, Middle Polish, geography) cape (piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake)


kwiat

kwiat m inan (diminutive kwiatek or kwiatuszek, related adjective kwiatowy or kwieciany or kwietni, abbreviation kw.)

kwiatek (diminutive)
kwiatuszek (diminutive)
kwiatowy (adjective)
kwieciany (adjective)
kwietni (adjective)
kw. (abbreviation)
kwiat (nominative singular)
kwiaty (nominative plural)
kwiatu (genitive singular)
kwiatów (genitive plural)
kwiatowi (dative singular)
kwiatom (dative plural)
kwiat (accusative singular)
kwiaty (accusative plural)
kwiatem (instrumental singular)
kwiatami (instrumental plural)
kwiecie (locative singular)
kwiatach (locative plural)
kwiecie (singular vocative)
kwiaty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: квѣтъ (květ), квꙗтъ (kvjat)

Belarusian: квет (kvjet)

Ukrainian: квіт (kvit)

→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)

(countable, botany) flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colorful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil)

(countable) flower (colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual reproduction)

(countable) flower (plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood)


ściana

pl-noun

ściana f (diminutive ścianka, related adjective ścianowy or ścienny)

ścianka (diminutive)
ścianowy (adjective)
ścienny (adjective)
ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścian (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianom (dative plural)
ścianę (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianą (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)
ściena (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish ściana. Sense 9 is a semantic loan from English wall.

sl

(anatomy, botany, zoology) wall (divisive or containing structure in an organ or cavity)


pin

pin (nominative singular)
piny (nominative plural)
pinu (genitive singular)
pinów (genitive plural)
pinowi (dative singular)
pinom (dative plural)
pin (accusative singular)
piny (accusative plural)
pinem (instrumental singular)
pinami (instrumental plural)
pinie (locative singular)
pinach (locative plural)
pinie (singular vocative)
piny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pin, from Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn, from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint-, from Proto-Indo-European *bend-.

(electricity) lead, pin (any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector)


lit

lit (nominative singular)
litu (genitive singular)
litowi (dative singular)
lit (accusative singular)
litem (instrumental singular)
licie (locative singular)
licie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin lithium.

lbor

(informal, organic chemistry) lithium carbonate (lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li2CO3, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder)


benzyl

benzyl (nominative singular)
benzylu (genitive singular)
benzylowi (dative singular)
benzyl (accusative singular)
benzylem (instrumental singular)
benzylu (locative singular)
benzylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French benzyle or English benzyl.


bug

bug m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bug (nominative singular)
bugi (nominative plural)
buga (genitive singular)
bugu (genitive singular)
bugów (genitive plural)
bugowi (dative singular)
bugom (dative plural)
bug (accusative singular)
buga (accusative singular)
bugi (accusative plural)
bugiem (instrumental singular)
bugami (instrumental plural)
bugu (locative singular)
bugach (locative plural)
bugu (singular vocative)
bugi (plural vocative)

(slang, software) software bug (error, flaw, or fault in the design, development, or operation of computer software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways)


reset

reset (nominative singular)
resety (nominative plural)
resetu (genitive singular)
resetów (genitive plural)
resetowi (dative singular)
resetom (dative plural)
reset (accusative singular)
resety (accusative plural)
resetem (instrumental singular)
resetami (instrumental plural)
resecie (locative singular)
resetach (locative plural)
resecie (singular vocative)
resety (plural vocative)

(computing) reset (device, such as a button or switch, for resetting a computer)


spin

spin (nominative singular)
spiny (nominative plural)
spinu (genitive singular)
spinów (genitive plural)
spinowi (dative singular)
spinom (dative plural)
spin (accusative singular)
spiny (accusative plural)
spinem (instrumental singular)
spinami (instrumental plural)
spinie (locative singular)
spinach (locative plural)
spinie (singular vocative)
spiny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English spin, from Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan.

(physics) spin (quantum angular momentum)


modem

pl-noun

modem m inan (related adjective modemowy)

modemowy (adjective)
modem (nominative singular)
modemy (nominative plural)
modemu (genitive singular)
modemów (genitive plural)
modemowi (dative singular)
modemom (dative plural)
modem (accusative singular)
modemy (accusative plural)
modemem (instrumental singular)
modemami (instrumental plural)
modemie (locative singular)
modemach (locative plural)
modemie (singular vocative)
modemy (plural vocative)


fluid

fluid (nominative singular)
fluidy (nominative plural)
fluidu (genitive singular)
fluidów (genitive plural)
fluidowi (dative singular)
fluidom (dative plural)
fluid (accusative singular)
fluidy (accusative plural)
fluidem (instrumental singular)
fluidami (instrumental plural)
fluidzie (locative singular)
fluidach (locative plural)
fluidzie (singular vocative)
fluidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English fluid, French fluide, German Fluid, ultimately from Latin fluidus.

(electricity, historical) fluid (continuous, weightless substance that was formerly identified with or considered the essence of electricity, heat, and magnetism)


metal

metal m inan (related adjective metalowy)

metalowy (adjective)
metal (nominative singular)
metalu (genitive singular)
metalowi (dative singular)
metal (accusative singular)
metalem (instrumental singular)
metalu (locative singular)
metalu (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English metal, French métal, German Metall, ultimately from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English metal.

sl

(chemistry) metal (atomic element or material made of such atoms)


klimat

klimacik (diminutive)
klimat (nominative singular)
klimaty (nominative plural)
klimatu (genitive singular)
klimatów (genitive plural)
klimatowi (dative singular)
klimatom (dative plural)
klimat (accusative singular)
klimaty (accusative plural)
klimatem (instrumental singular)
klimatami (instrumental plural)
klimacie (locative singular)
klimatach (locative plural)
klimacie (singular vocative)
klimaty (plural vocative)


analog

analog (nominative singular)
analogi (nominative plural)
analogu (genitive singular)
analogów (genitive plural)
analogowi (dative singular)
analogom (dative plural)
analog (accusative singular)
analogi (accusative plural)
analogiem (instrumental singular)
analogami (instrumental plural)
analogu (locative singular)
analogach (locative plural)
analogu (singular vocative)
analogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “analog”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 34

analog insuliny

(chemistry) analog (structural derivative)

(colloquial, technology) any analog device


stop

stop (nominative singular)
stopy (nominative plural)
stopu (genitive singular)
stopów (genitive plural)
stopowi (dative singular)
stopom (dative plural)
stop (accusative singular)
stopy (accusative plural)
stopem (instrumental singular)
stopami (instrumental plural)
stopie (locative singular)
stopach (locative plural)
stopie (singular vocative)
stopy (plural vocative)

Mosiądz jest stopem miedzi i cynku.

(chemistry) an alloy; a mixture of metals


humanoid

pl-noun

humanoid m animal (related adjective humanoidalny)

humanoidalny (adjective)
humanoid (nominative singular)
humanoidy (nominative plural)
humanoida (genitive singular)
humanoidów (genitive plural)
humanoidowi (dative singular)
humanoidom (dative plural)
humanoida (accusative singular)
humanoidy (accusative plural)
humanoidem (instrumental singular)
humanoidami (instrumental plural)
humanoidzie (locative singular)
humanoidach (locative plural)
humanoidzie (singular vocative)
humanoidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English humanoid, French humanoïde, German Humanoid, ultimately from Latin hūmānus.

(robotics, science fiction) humanoid (being having the appearance or characteristics of a human)


neutron

neutron (nominative singular)
neutrony (nominative plural)
neutronu (genitive singular)
neutronów (genitive plural)
neutronowi (dative singular)
neutronom (dative plural)
neutron (accusative singular)
neutrony (accusative plural)
neutronem (instrumental singular)
neutronami (instrumental plural)
neutronie (locative singular)
neutronach (locative plural)
neutronie (singular vocative)
neutrony (plural vocative)


menu

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


start

start (nominative singular)
starty (nominative plural)
startu (genitive singular)
startów (genitive plural)
startowi (dative singular)
startom (dative plural)
start (accusative singular)
starty (accusative plural)
startem (instrumental singular)
startami (instrumental plural)
starcie (locative singular)
startach (locative plural)
starcie (singular vocative)
starty (plural vocative)

Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.

I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.


nadir

nadir (nominative singular)
nadiru (genitive singular)
nadirowi (dative singular)
nadir (accusative singular)
nadirem (instrumental singular)
nadirze (locative singular)
nadirze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr).

lbor

(astronomy) nadir (axis of projected conical shadow)


alert

alert (nominative singular)
alerty (nominative plural)
alertu (genitive singular)
alertów (genitive plural)
alertowi (dative singular)
alertom (dative plural)
alert (accusative singular)
alerty (accusative plural)
alertem (instrumental singular)
alertami (instrumental plural)
alercie (locative singular)
alertach (locative plural)
alercie (singular vocative)
alerty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alerte or English alert, from Italian all'erta. First attested in the second half of the 20th century.


hardware

hardware (nominative singular)
hardware'u (genitive singular)
hardware'owi (dative singular)
hardware (accusative singular)
hardware'em (instrumental singular)
hardwarze (locative singular)
hardwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardware.

ubor

Coordinate term: software

(computer hardware) hardware (material part of a computer)


host

host (nominative singular)
hosty (nominative plural)
hosta (genitive singular)
hostów (genitive plural)
hostowi (dative singular)
hostom (dative plural)
host (accusative singular)
hosty (accusative plural)
hostem (instrumental singular)
hostami (instrumental plural)
hoście (locative singular)
hostach (locative plural)
hoście (singular vocative)
hosty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English host. Doublet of gość.

(networking) host (computer attached to a network)


wir

wir (nominative singular)
wiry (nominative plural)
wiru (genitive singular)
wirów (genitive plural)
wirowi (dative singular)
wirom (dative plural)
wir (accusative singular)
wiry (accusative plural)
wirem (instrumental singular)
wirami (instrumental plural)
wirze (locative singular)
wirach (locative plural)
wirze (singular vocative)
wiry (plural vocative)


CD

CD m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)
cd (alternative)


gamma

gamma (nominative singular)
gammy (nominative plural)
gammy (genitive singular)
gamm (genitive plural)
gammie (dative singular)
gammom (dative plural)
gammę (accusative singular)
gammy (accusative plural)
gammą (instrumental singular)
gammami (instrumental plural)
gammie (locative singular)
gammach (locative plural)
gammo (singular vocative)
gammy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). Doublet of gama.


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).

(geography) delta (landform at the mouth of a river)


mer

mer (nominative singular)
mery (nominative plural)
meru (genitive singular)
merów (genitive plural)
merowi (dative singular)
merom (dative plural)
mer (accusative singular)
mery (accusative plural)
merem (instrumental singular)
merami (instrumental plural)
merze (locative singular)
merach (locative plural)
merze (singular vocative)
mery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English mer, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros).


prom

prom (nominative singular)
promy (nominative plural)
promu (genitive singular)
promów (genitive plural)
promowi (dative singular)
promom (dative plural)
prom (accusative singular)
promy (accusative plural)
promem (instrumental singular)
promami (instrumental plural)
promie (locative singular)
promach (locative plural)
promie (singular vocative)
promy (plural vocative)

prom kosmiczny


lambda

lambda (nominative singular)
lambdy (nominative plural)
lambdy (genitive singular)
lambd (genitive plural)
lambdzie (dative singular)
lambdom (dative plural)
lambdę (accusative singular)
lambdy (accusative plural)
lambdą (instrumental singular)
lambdami (instrumental plural)
lambdzie (locative singular)
lambdach (locative plural)
lambdo (singular vocative)
lambdy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda), from Phoenician 𐤋 (l /lāmed/).


atom

atomowy (adjective)
atom (nominative singular)
atomy (nominative plural)
atomu (genitive singular)
atomów (genitive plural)
atomowi (dative singular)
atomom (dative plural)
atom (accusative singular)
atomy (accusative plural)
atomem (instrumental singular)
atomami (instrumental plural)
atomie (locative singular)
atomach (locative plural)
atomie (singular vocative)
atomy (plural vocative)

(physics) atom [with genitive ‘of what’]


argon

argon (nominative singular)
argonu (genitive singular)
argonowi (dative singular)
argon (accusative singular)
argonem (instrumental singular)
argonie (locative singular)
argonie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


tellurium

tellurium (nominative singular)
telluria (nominative plural)
tellurium (genitive singular)
telluriów (genitive plural)
tellurium (dative singular)
telluriom (dative plural)
tellurium (accusative singular)
telluria (accusative plural)
tellurium (instrumental singular)
telluriami (instrumental plural)
tellurium (locative singular)
telluriach (locative plural)
tellurium (singular vocative)
telluria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin tellūrium. Doublet of tellur.

(astronomy, historical) orrery, tellurion (instrument used to show how the rotation of the Earth on its axis and its orbit around the Sun cause day and night and the seasons)


PC

(computing) PC, personal computer (small computer, built around a microprocessor, for use by one person at a time)


terminal

terminal (nominative singular)
terminale (nominative plural)
terminalu (genitive singular)
terminala (genitive singular)
terminali (genitive plural)
terminalów (genitive plural)
terminalowi (dative singular)
terminalom (dative plural)
terminal (accusative singular)
terminale (accusative plural)
terminalem (instrumental singular)
terminalami (instrumental plural)
terminalu (locative singular)
terminalach (locative plural)
terminalu (singular vocative)
terminale (plural vocative)

(computing) computer terminal (device for entering data into a computer)


tu

Tu Janek!

(colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(obsolete, engineering) oak block with a handle used for tamping when laying stones, spreading gravel on road surfaces, etc.


generator

generator m inan (related adjective generatorowy)

generatorowy (adjective)
generator (nominative singular)
generatory (nominative plural)
generatora (genitive singular)
generatorów (genitive plural)
generatorowi (dative singular)
generatorom (dative plural)
generator (accusative singular)
generatory (accusative plural)
generatorem (instrumental singular)
generatorami (instrumental plural)
generatorze (locative singular)
generatorach (locative plural)
generatorze (singular vocative)
generatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English generator, French générateur, German Generator, ultimately from Latin generātor.

(electricity) electric generator, generator (device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit)

(programming) generator (subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request)


pilot

pilot (nominative singular)
piloty (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotów (genitive plural)
pilotowi (dative singular)
pilotom (dative plural)
pilot (accusative singular)
piloty (accusative plural)
pilotem (instrumental singular)
pilotami (instrumental plural)
pilocie (locative singular)
pilotach (locative plural)
pilocie (singular vocative)
piloty (plural vocative)


pager

pager (nominative singular)
pagery (nominative plural)
pagera (genitive singular)
pagerów (genitive plural)
pagerowi (dative singular)
pagerom (dative plural)
pager (accusative singular)
pagery (accusative plural)
pagerem (instrumental singular)
pagerami (instrumental plural)
pagerze (locative singular)
pagerach (locative plural)
pagerze (singular vocative)
pagery (plural vocative)

(electronics, telecommunications) pager, beeper (wireless telecommunications device that receives text or voice messages)


acetal

acetal (nominative singular)
acetale (nominative plural)
acetalu (genitive singular)
acetali (genitive plural)
acetalowi (dative singular)
acetalom (dative plural)
acetal (accusative singular)
acetale (accusative plural)
acetalem (instrumental singular)
acetalami (instrumental plural)
acetalu (locative singular)
acetalach (locative plural)
acetalu (singular vocative)
acetale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetal. First attested in 1836.

ref

chapter 3, in Pamiętnik Farmaceutyczny Krakowski, 1836, page 41


amalgam

amalgam (nominative singular)
amalgamy (nominative plural)
amalgamu (genitive singular)
amalgamów (genitive plural)
amalgamowi (dative singular)
amalgamom (dative plural)
amalgam (accusative singular)
amalgamy (accusative plural)
amalgamem (instrumental singular)
amalgamami (instrumental plural)
amalgamie (locative singular)
amalgamach (locative plural)
amalgamie (singular vocative)
amalgamy (plural vocative)
amalgama (alternative)

Internationalism; compare English amalgam. Possibly borrowed from German Amalgam, French amalgame, or Spanish amalgama, ultimately from Medieval Latin amalgama, from Arabic الْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma). First attested in 1771.

Józef Feliks Rogaliński (1771) Doswiadczenia skutkow rzeczy pod zmysły podpadaiących na publicznych posiedzeniach w szkołach poznańskich Societatis Jesu na widok wystawione y wykladane, Jego Krolewskiey Mosci Panu naszemu Miłościwemu ofiarowane (in Polish), volume 1, page 125

(metallurgy) amalgam (alloy containing mercury)


acetyl

acetyl (nominative singular)
acetyle (nominative plural)
acetylu (genitive singular)
acetyli (genitive plural)
acetylowi (dative singular)
acetylom (dative plural)
acetyl (accusative singular)
acetyle (accusative plural)
acetylem (instrumental singular)
acetylami (instrumental plural)
acetylu (locative singular)
acetylach (locative plural)
acetylu (singular vocative)
acetyle (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetyl. Ultimately from Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”). First attested in 1840.

Seweryn Zdzitowiecki (1840) Rys chemii organicznéj i jej zastosowań : podług dzieła Koehlera Die Chemie in technischer Beziehung, page 14

chlorek acetylu

(organic chemistry) acetyl (the univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid)


matrix

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of matryca.

(cytology) intercellular substance, matrix (body substance in which tissue cells are embedded)


operator

pl-noun

operator m pers (female equivalent operatorka)

operatorka (feminine)
operator (nominative singular)
operatorzy (nominative plural)
operatory (derogatory nominative plural)
operatora (genitive singular)
operatorów (genitive plural)
operatorowi (dative singular)
operatorom (dative plural)
operatora (accusative singular)
operatorów (accusative plural)
operatorem (instrumental singular)
operatorami (instrumental plural)
operatorze (locative singular)
operatorach (locative plural)
operatorze (singular vocative)
operatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French opérateur, from Latin operātor.

(telecommunications) operator (company providing operator services)


zoo

(zoology) nature preserve, zoo, zoological garden, zoological park


translator

translator (nominative singular)
translatory (nominative plural)
translatora (genitive singular)
translatorów (genitive plural)
translatorowi (dative singular)
translatorom (dative plural)
translator (accusative singular)
translatory (accusative plural)
translatorem (instrumental singular)
translatorami (instrumental plural)
translatorze (locative singular)
translatorach (locative plural)
translatorze (singular vocative)
translatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English translator, from Middle English translatour, from Old French translator, translatour, translateur, from Latin trānslātor.

(computing) translator (computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation)


interpreter

interpreter (nominative singular)
interpretery (nominative plural)
interpretera (genitive singular)
interpreterów (genitive plural)
interpreterowi (dative singular)
interpreterom (dative plural)
interpreter (accusative singular)
interpretery (accusative plural)
interpreterem (instrumental singular)
interpreterami (instrumental plural)
interpreterze (locative singular)
interpreterach (locative plural)
interpreterze (singular vocative)
interpretery (plural vocative)


element

elemencik (diminutive)
element (nominative singular)
elementy (nominative plural)
elementu (genitive singular)
elementów (genitive plural)
elementowi (dative singular)
elementom (dative plural)
element (accusative singular)
elementy (accusative plural)
elementem (instrumental singular)
elementami (instrumental plural)
elemencie (locative singular)
elementach (locative plural)
elemencie (singular vocative)
elementy (plural vocative)

(obsolete, chemistry) element (any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons)


pole

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(countable, physics) field (physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region)

(computing) field (area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)


font

font (nominative singular)
fonty (nominative plural)
fonta (genitive singular)
fontu (genitive singular)
fontów (genitive plural)
fontowi (dative singular)
fontom (dative plural)
font (accusative singular)
fonty (accusative plural)
fontem (instrumental singular)
fontami (instrumental plural)
foncie (locative singular)
fontach (locative plural)
foncie (singular vocative)
fonty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).

(computing) font (computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs)


lumen

lm (abbreviation)
lumen (nominative singular)
lumeny (nominative plural)
lumena (genitive singular)
lumenu (genitive singular)
lumenów (genitive plural)
lumenowi (dative singular)
lumenom (dative plural)
lumen (accusative singular)
lumeny (accusative plural)
lumenem (instrumental singular)
lumenami (instrumental plural)
lumenie (locative singular)
lumenach (locative plural)
lumenie (singular vocative)
lumeny (plural vocative)

(physics) lumen (derived SI unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela)


weber

Wb (abbreviation)
weber (nominative singular)
webery (nominative plural)
webera (genitive singular)
weberów (genitive plural)
weberowi (dative singular)
weberom (dative plural)
weber (accusative singular)
webery (accusative plural)
weberem (instrumental singular)
weberami (instrumental plural)
weberze (locative singular)
weberach (locative plural)
weberze (singular vocative)
webery (plural vocative)

Named after German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891).

named-after

(physics) weber (derived unit of magnetic flux)


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


front

pl-noun

front m inan (related adjective frontowy)

frontowy (adjective)
front (nominative singular)
fronty (nominative plural)
frontu (genitive singular)
frontów (genitive plural)
frontowi (dative singular)
frontom (dative plural)
front (accusative singular)
fronty (accusative plural)
frontem (instrumental singular)
frontami (instrumental plural)
froncie (locative singular)
frontach (locative plural)
froncie (singular vocative)
fronty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: front

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Front, French front, or English front, ultimately from Latin frōns. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian frōnt.

ref

“FRONT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.03.2009

(meteorology) front (interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density, often resulting in precipitation)


transport

transport (nominative singular)
transporty (nominative plural)
transportu (genitive singular)
transportów (genitive plural)
transportowi (dative singular)
transportom (dative plural)
transport (accusative singular)
transporty (accusative plural)
transportem (instrumental singular)
transportami (instrumental plural)
transporcie (locative singular)
transportach (locative plural)
transporcie (singular vocative)
transporty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: transpòrt

Borrowed from French transport. First attested in 1661. Compare Silesian transport.

Merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny, 1661, page 16

(uncountable, geology) transport (relocation of rock weathering products by water, wind and ice)

(uncountable, engineering) transfer (relocation of energy)


zenit

zenit (nominative singular)
zenitu (genitive singular)
zenitowi (dative singular)
zenit (accusative singular)
zenitem (instrumental singular)
zenicie (locative singular)
zenicie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Old Spanish zenit, from Medieval Latin cenit, from Arabic سَمْت (samt), from Aramaic סֵימִטָא (sēmiṭā) from Latin sēmĭta, from Proto-Italic *sēmitā, from Proto-Indo-European *swé + *mey- + *-tós.

(astronomy) zenith (point vertically above a position or observer)

(astronomy) zenith (highest point reached by a celestial body)


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ
Old Polish język
Polish język
Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

etymon

(programming) language (computer language; a machine language)


less

less (nominative singular)
lessy (nominative plural)
lessu (genitive singular)
lessów (genitive plural)
lessowi (dative singular)
lessom (dative plural)
less (accusative singular)
lessy (accusative plural)
lessem (instrumental singular)
lessami (instrumental plural)
lessie (locative singular)
lessach (locative plural)
lessie (singular vocative)
lessy (plural vocative)


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(technology) system (set of devices and tools as a whole)

(computing) system (set of hardware and software operating in a computer)

(geology) formation (layer of rock of common origin)

(astronomy) system (planetary system; a set of planets orbiting a star or star system)


glut

glut (nominative singular)
gluty (nominative plural)
glutu (genitive singular)
glutów (genitive plural)
glutowi (dative singular)
glutom (dative plural)
glut (accusative singular)
gluty (accusative plural)
glutem (instrumental singular)
glutami (instrumental plural)
glucie (locative singular)
glutach (locative plural)
glucie (singular vocative)
gluty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish glót. Compare German Gelöte.

(obsolete, firearms) small lead or iron shot (ammunition) used in a blunderbuss or gun (cannon)


zona

zona (nominative singular)
zony (nominative plural)
zony (genitive singular)
zon (genitive plural)
zonie (dative singular)
zonom (dative plural)
zonę (accusative singular)
zony (accusative plural)
zoną (instrumental singular)
zonami (instrumental plural)
zonie (locative singular)
zonach (locative plural)
zono (singular vocative)
zony (plural vocative)

(geography) zone (area separated from a larger area)


rad

rad (nominative singular)
radu (genitive singular)
radowi (dative singular)
rad (accusative singular)
radem (instrumental singular)
radzie (locative singular)
radzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin radium.

(chemistry) radium (chemical element with an atomic number of 88)


moment

momencik (diminutive)
moment (nominative singular)
momenty (nominative plural)
momentu (genitive singular)
momentów (genitive plural)
momentowi (dative singular)
momentom (dative plural)
moment (accusative singular)
momenty (accusative plural)
momentem (instrumental singular)
momentami (instrumental plural)
momencie (locative singular)
momentach (locative plural)
momencie (singular vocative)
momenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum. First attested in 1592.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “moment”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

moment bezwładności

moment gnący / moment zginający

moment pędu

moment siły

moment skręcający

(physics) moment (turning effect of a force applied to a rotational system at a distance from the axis of rotation)


steward

pl-noun

steward m pers (female equivalent stewardesa)

stewardesa (feminine)
steward (nominative singular)
stewardzi (nominative plural)
stewardowie (nominative plural)
stewardy (derogatory nominative plural)
stewarda (genitive singular)
stewardów (genitive plural)
stewardowi (dative singular)
stewardom (dative plural)
stewarda (accusative singular)
stewardów (accusative plural)
stewardem (instrumental singular)
stewardami (instrumental plural)
stewardzie (locative singular)
stewardach (locative plural)
stewardzie (singular vocative)
stewardzi (plural vocative)
stewardowie (plural vocative)
stewardy (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steward.

ubor

(aviation) steward, flight attendant, air host


token

token (nominative singular)
tokeny (nominative plural)
tokena (genitive singular)
tokenów (genitive plural)
tokenowi (dative singular)
tokenom (dative plural)
token (accusative singular)
tokeny (accusative plural)
tokenem (instrumental singular)
tokenami (instrumental plural)
tokenie (locative singular)
tokenach (locative plural)
tokenie (singular vocative)
tokeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English token. Doublet of cecha and cych.

(computing) security token (peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource)


abandonware

abandonware (nominative singular)
abandonware'u (genitive singular)
abandonware'owi (dative singular)
abandonware (accusative singular)
abandonware'em (instrumental singular)
abandonwarze (locative singular)
abandonwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English abandonware. First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

[…], a które to cechy ewentualnie umożliwiałyby kwalifikację danego programu komputerowego do kategorii abandonware.

2019, Łukasz Koźbiał, “ABANDONWARE W ŚWIETLE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO – UWAGI OGÓLNE”, in Małgorzata Babula, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

[…], which traits could potentially allow for the possibility to qualify the given program as abandonware.

(software) abandonware (software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it)


historia

pl-noun

historia f (diminutive historyjka, related adjective historyczny, abbreviation hist.)

historyjka (diminutive)
historyczny (adjective)
historia (nominative singular)
historie (nominative plural)
historii (genitive singular)
historii (genitive plural)
historyj (archaic genitive plural)
historii (dative singular)
historiom (dative plural)
historię (accusative singular)
historie (accusative plural)
historią (instrumental singular)
historiami (instrumental plural)
historii (locative singular)
historiach (locative plural)
historio (singular vocative)
historie (plural vocative)
historyja (alternative)
istoryja (alternative)
historya (alternative)
historja (alternative)
kfisteryja (alternative)

→ Kashubian: historiô

(countable, computing) history (record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser)


administrator

administrator m pers (female equivalent administratorka)

administratorka (feminine)
administrator (nominative singular)
administratorzy (nominative plural)
administratory (derogatory nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratorów (genitive plural)
administratorowi (dative singular)
administratorom (dative plural)
administratora (accusative singular)
administratorów (accusative plural)
administratorem (instrumental singular)
administratorami (instrumental plural)
administratorze (locative singular)
administratorach (locative plural)
administratorze (singular vocative)
administratorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin administrātor. By surface analysis, administrować + -ator. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “administrator”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(government, management, technology) administrator


alias

alias (nominative singular)
aliasy (nominative plural)
aliasu (genitive singular)
aliasów (genitive plural)
aliasowi (dative singular)
aliasom (dative plural)
alias (accusative singular)
aliasy (accusative plural)
aliasem (instrumental singular)
aliasami (instrumental plural)
aliasie (locative singular)
aliasach (locative plural)
aliasie (singular vocative)
aliasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aliās. First attested in the 19 century.

(computing) alias (abbreviation that replaces a string of commands and thereby reduces typing when performing routine actions or tasks)


alkaloid

alkaloid (nominative singular)
alkaloidy (nominative plural)
alkaloidu (genitive singular)
alkaloidów (genitive plural)
alkaloidowi (dative singular)
alkaloidom (dative plural)
alkaloid (accusative singular)
alkaloidy (accusative plural)
alkaloidem (instrumental singular)
alkaloidami (instrumental plural)
alkaloidzie (locative singular)
alkaloidach (locative plural)
alkaloidzie (singular vocative)
alkaloidy (plural vocative)

From alkalia + -oid. First attested in 1822.

Pamiętnik Warszawski (in Polish), numbers T.3, [ner 9], 1822, page 112


chip

pl-noun

chip m animal or m inan (related adjective chipowy)

chip m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
chipowy (adjective)
chip (nominative singular)
chipy (nominative plural)
chipa (genitive singular)
chipu (genitive singular)
chipów (genitive plural)
chipowi (dative singular)
chipom (dative plural)
chipa (accusative singular)
chip (accusative singular)
chipy (accusative plural)
chipem (instrumental singular)
chipami (instrumental plural)
chipie (locative singular)
chipach (locative plural)
chipie (singular vocative)
chipy (plural vocative)
czip (alternative)

(computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


amid

amid (nominative singular)
amidy (nominative plural)
amidu (genitive singular)
amidów (genitive plural)
amidowi (dative singular)
amidom (dative plural)
amid (accusative singular)
amidy (accusative plural)
amidem (instrumental singular)
amidami (instrumental plural)
amidzie (locative singular)
amidach (locative plural)
amidzie (singular vocative)
amidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; ultimately from New Latin am(mōniacum) + -id. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “amid”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

amid kwasu

grupa amidów

zawierać amid


amyl

amyl (nominative singular)
amylu (genitive singular)
amylowi (dative singular)
amyl (accusative singular)
amylem (instrumental singular)
amylu (locative singular)
amylu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon, “starch”). First attested in 1857.

ref

Jakub Natanson (1857) Krótki rys chemii organicznéj : ze szczególnym względem na rolnictwo, technologią [!] i medycynę. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page 161


materia

materia (nominative singular)
materii (genitive singular)
materii (dative singular)
materię (accusative singular)
materią (instrumental singular)
materii (locative singular)
materio (singular vocative)


demon

demon (nominative singular)
demony (nominative plural)
demona (genitive singular)
demonów (genitive plural)
demonowi (dative singular)
demonom (dative plural)
demona (accusative singular)
demony (accusative plural)
demonem (instrumental singular)
demonami (instrumental plural)
demonie (locative singular)
demonach (locative plural)
demonie (singular vocative)
demony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English daemon.

sl

(computing) daemon (running program that does not have a controlling terminal)


film

pl-noun

film m inan (diminutive filmik, related adjective filmowy)

filmik (diminutive)
filmowy (adjective)
film (nominative singular)
filmy (nominative plural)
filmu (genitive singular)
filmów (genitive plural)
filmowi (dative singular)
filmom (dative plural)
film (accusative singular)
filmy (accusative plural)
filmem (instrumental singular)
filmami (instrumental plural)
filmie (locative singular)
filmach (locative plural)
filmie (singular vocative)
filmy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: film

Borrowed from English film. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “film”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 742

film in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(engineering, sciences) film (thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity)


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(computing) Alternative spelling of menedżer


bastard

bastard (nominative singular)
bastardy (nominative plural)
bastarda (genitive singular)
bastardów (genitive plural)
bastardowi (dative singular)
bastardom (dative plural)
bastarda (accusative singular)
bastardy (accusative plural)
bastardem (instrumental singular)
bastardami (instrumental plural)
bastardzie (locative singular)
bastardach (locative plural)
bastardzie (singular vocative)
bastardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Bastard or Italian bastardo, from Late Latin bastardus, from Frankish, possibly through Old French bastardus.

(biology, of animals or plants) bastard, crossbreed, hybrid, mongrel (organism produced by mating of individuals of different varieties or breeds)


GPS

GPS (nominative singular)
GPS-y (nominative plural)
GPS-u (genitive singular)
GPS-ów (genitive plural)
GPS-owi (dative singular)
GPS-om (dative plural)
GPS (accusative singular)
GPS-y (accusative plural)
GPS-em (instrumental singular)
GPS-ami (instrumental plural)
GPS-ie (locative singular)
GPS-ach (locative plural)
GPS-ie (singular vocative)
GPS-y (plural vocative)

(uncountable, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS (Global Positioning System; a system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites)

(countable, colloquial, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS, GPS receiver (audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation)


zooplankton

pl-noun

zooplankton m inan (related adjective zooplanktonowy or zooplanktoniczny)

zooplanktonowy (adjective)
zooplanktoniczny (adjective)
zooplankton (nominative singular)
zooplanktonu (genitive singular)
zooplanktonowi (dative singular)
zooplankton (accusative singular)
zooplanktonem (instrumental singular)
zooplanktonie (locative singular)
zooplanktonie (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: fitoplankton

(marine biology, zoology) zooplankton (free-floating small protozoa or crustaceans)


RNA

Orthographic borrowing from English RNA.

kwas rybonukleinowy
kwas rybonukleinowy#Polish

(genetics, molecular biology) Abbreviation of kwas rybonukleinowy.


LSD

Unadapted borrowing from German LSD, initialism of Lysergsäure-diethylamid.

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide

(organic chemistry) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide (powerful synthetic hallucinogen)


program

program m inan (diminutive programik, related adjective programowy)

programik (diminutive)
programowy (adjective)
program (nominative singular)
programy (nominative plural)
programu (genitive singular)
programów (genitive plural)
programowi (dative singular)
programom (dative plural)
program (accusative singular)
programy (accusative plural)
programem (instrumental singular)
programami (instrumental plural)
programie (locative singular)
programach (locative plural)
programie (singular vocative)
programy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French programme. First attested in the 19th cenetury.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “program”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “program”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(computing) program (a computer program)


tornado

tornado (nominative singular)
tornada (nominative plural)
tornada (genitive singular)
tornad (genitive plural)
tornadu (dative singular)
tornadom (dative plural)
tornado (accusative singular)
tornada (accusative plural)
tornadem (instrumental singular)
tornadami (instrumental plural)
tornadzie (locative singular)
tornadach (locative plural)
tornado (singular vocative)
tornada (plural vocative)

(meteorology) tornado, twister, whirlwind (violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground)


tsunami

(oceanography) tsunami (very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption; often a series of waves (a wave train))


rok

roczek (diminutive)
rok (nominative singular)
lata (nominative plural)
roku (genitive singular)
lat (genitive plural)
rokowi (dative singular)
latom (dative plural)
rok (accusative singular)
lata (accusative plural)
rokiem (instrumental singular)
latami (instrumental plural)
roku (locative singular)
latach (locative plural)
roku (singular vocative)
lata (plural vocative)
rok (nominative singular)
roki (nominative plural)
roku (genitive singular)
roków (genitive plural)
rokowi (dative singular)
rokom (dative plural)
rok (accusative singular)
roki (accusative plural)
rokiem (instrumental singular)
rokami (instrumental plural)
roku (locative singular)
rokach (locative plural)
roku (singular vocative)
roki (plural vocative)

(by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)


enter

enter (nominative singular)
entery (nominative plural)
entera (genitive singular)
enterów (genitive plural)
enterowi (dative singular)
enterom (dative plural)
enter (accusative singular)
entery (accusative plural)
enterem (instrumental singular)
enterami (instrumental plural)
enterze (locative singular)
enterach (locative plural)
enterze (singular vocative)
entery (plural vocative)

(computing) Enter (key on a computer keyboard)


por

por (nominative singular)
pory (nominative plural)
pora (genitive singular)
poru (genitive singular)
porów (genitive plural)
porowi (dative singular)
porom (dative plural)
por (accusative singular)
pory (accusative plural)
porem (instrumental singular)
porami (instrumental plural)
porze (locative singular)
porach (locative plural)
porze (singular vocative)
pory (plural vocative)


format

format (nominative singular)
formaty (nominative plural)
formatu (genitive singular)
formatów (genitive plural)
formatowi (dative singular)
formatom (dative plural)
format (accusative singular)
formaty (accusative plural)
formatem (instrumental singular)
formatami (instrumental plural)
formacie (locative singular)
formatach (locative plural)
formacie (singular vocative)
formaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French format, from German Format, from New Latin liber fōrmātus.


fax

fax (nominative singular)
faksy (nominative plural)
faksu (genitive singular)
faksów (genitive plural)
faksowi (dative singular)
faksom (dative plural)
fax (accusative singular)
faksy (accusative plural)
faksem (instrumental singular)
faksami (instrumental plural)
faksie (locative singular)
faksach (locative plural)
faksie (singular vocative)
faksy (plural vocative)

(telephony) Alternative spelling of faks


macintosh

macintosh (nominative singular)
macintoshe (nominative plural)
macintosha (genitive singular)
macintoshów (genitive plural)
macintoshy (genitive plural)
macintoshowi (dative singular)
macintoshom (dative plural)
macintosha (accusative singular)
macintoshe (accusative plural)
macintoshem (instrumental singular)
macintoshami (instrumental plural)
macintoshu (locative singular)
macintoshach (locative plural)
macintoshu (singular vocative)
macintoshe (plural vocative)

(computing) Macintosh-brand notebook computer, manufactured by Apple Computer


droga

dróżka (diminutive)
droga (nominative singular)
drogi (nominative plural)
drogi (genitive singular)
dróg (genitive plural)
drodze (dative singular)
drogom (dative plural)
drogę (accusative singular)
drogi (accusative plural)
drogą (instrumental singular)
drogami (instrumental plural)
drodze (locative singular)
drogach (locative plural)
drogo (singular vocative)
drogi (plural vocative)
dróga (alternative)

(technology) road; highway (means of connecting devices so that they may intercommunicate)

(obsolete, physics) distance travelled by a body


wilk

wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilku (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilk (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


monitor

pl-noun

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


serwer

serwer (nominative singular)
serwery (nominative plural)
serwera (genitive singular)
serwerów (genitive plural)
serwerowi (dative singular)
serwerom (dative plural)
serwer (accusative singular)
serwery (accusative plural)
serwerem (instrumental singular)
serwerami (instrumental plural)
serwerze (locative singular)
serwerach (locative plural)
serwerze (singular vocative)
serwery (plural vocative)


komputer

komputer m inan (diminutive komputerek, related adjective komputerowy)

komputerek (diminutive)
komputerowy (adjective)
komputer (nominative singular)
komputery (nominative plural)
komputera (genitive singular)
komputerów (genitive plural)
komputerowi (dative singular)
komputerom (dative plural)
komputer (accusative singular)
komputery (accusative plural)
komputerem (instrumental singular)
komputerami (instrumental plural)
komputerze (locative singular)
komputerach (locative plural)
komputerze (singular vocative)
komputery (plural vocative)

komputer osobisty

(computing) computer (programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media)


astronomia

astronomia (nominative singular)
astronomii (genitive singular)
astronomii (dative singular)
astronomię (accusative singular)
astronomią (instrumental singular)
astronomii (locative singular)
astronomio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía). By surface analysis, astro- + -nomia.


park

park (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parku (genitive singular)
parków (genitive plural)
parkowi (dative singular)
parkom (dative plural)
park (accusative singular)
parki (accusative plural)
parkiem (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)
parku (locative singular)
parkach (locative plural)
parku (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)

(biology, obsolete) breeding period of goats, deer, or hares


okno

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

okienko (diminutive)
okienny (adjective)
okno (nominative singular)
okna (nominative plural)
okna (genitive singular)
okien (genitive plural)
oknu (dative singular)
oknom (dative plural)
okno (accusative singular)
okna (accusative plural)
oknem (instrumental singular)
oknami (instrumental plural)
oknie (locative singular)
oknach (locative plural)
okno (singular vocative)
okna (plural vocative)
ôkno (alternative)

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) window (rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes)

(obsolete, engineering) opening in an engine cylinder


fen

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius.

(meteorology) foehn (warm dry wind blowing down the northern sides of the Alps)


Charon

Charon (nominative singular)
Charoni (nominative plural)
Charony (derogatory nominative plural)
Charona (genitive singular)
Charonów (genitive plural)
Charonowi (dative singular)
Charonom (dative plural)
Charona (accusative singular)
Charonów (accusative plural)
Charonem (instrumental singular)
Charonami (instrumental plural)
Charonie (locative singular)
Charonach (locative plural)
Charonie (singular vocative)
Charoni (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Χάρων (Khárōn).

lbor

(astronomy) Charon (largest of the five moons of Pluto)


senator

pl-noun

senator m pers (female equivalent senatorka, related adjective senatorski)

senatorka (feminine)
senatorski (adjective)
senator (nominative singular)
senatorzy (nominative plural)
senatorowie (nominative plural)
senatory (derogatory nominative plural)
senatora (genitive singular)
senatorów (genitive plural)
senatorowi (dative singular)
senatorom (dative plural)
senatora (accusative singular)
senatorów (accusative plural)
senatorem (instrumental singular)
senatorami (instrumental plural)
senatorze (locative singular)
senatorach (locative plural)
senatorze (singular vocative)
senatorzy (plural vocative)
senatorowie (plural vocative)
senatory (derogatory plural vocative)

(zoology) older and strong male in a group of baboons


zombie

Unadapted borrowing from English zombie.

(computing) zombie (computer affected by malware)


tag

tag (nominative singular)
tagi (nominative plural)
tagu (genitive singular)
tagów (genitive plural)
tagowi (dative singular)
tagom (dative plural)
tag (accusative singular)
tagi (accusative plural)
tagiem (instrumental singular)
tagami (instrumental plural)
tagu (locative singular)
tagach (locative plural)
tagu (singular vocative)
tagi (plural vocative)

(computing) tag (piece of markup representing an element in a markup language)


absolut

absolut (nominative singular)
absoluty (nominative plural)
absolutu (genitive singular)
absolutów (genitive plural)
absolutowi (dative singular)
absolutom (dative plural)
absolut (accusative singular)
absoluty (accusative plural)
absolutem (instrumental singular)
absolutami (instrumental plural)
absolucie (locative singular)
absolutach (locative plural)
absolucie (singular vocative)
absoluty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Absolutes or French absolut, from Latin absolūtus. First attested in 1701–1750.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (28.10.2021) “ABSOLUT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


aeroport

aeroport (nominative singular)
aeroporty (nominative plural)
aeroportu (genitive singular)
aeroportów (genitive plural)
aeroportowi (dative singular)
aeroportom (dative plural)
aeroport (accusative singular)
aeroporty (accusative plural)
aeroportem (instrumental singular)
aeroportami (instrumental plural)
aeroporcie (locative singular)
aeroportach (locative plural)
aeroporcie (singular vocative)
aeroporty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French aéroport. By surface analysis, aero- + port. First attested in 1927.


oko

pl-noun

oko n (diminutive oczko, augmentative oczysko)

oczko (diminutive)
oczysko (augmentative)
oko (nominative singular)
oczy (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
oczu (genitive plural)
ócz (genitive plural)
oczów (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
oczom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oczy (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
oczami (instrumental plural)
oczyma (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
oczach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oczy (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(Middle Polish, botany) bud of a shoot of a plant transplanted to another plant


oko

oko (nominative singular)
oka (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
ok (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
okom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oka (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
okami (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
okach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oka (plural vocative)

(countable, meteorology) eye of a cyclone


meteor

meteor m inan (related adjective meteorowy or meteoryczny)

meteorowy (adjective)
meteoryczny (adjective)
meteor (nominative singular)
meteory (nominative plural)
meteoru (genitive singular)
meteorów (genitive plural)
meteorowi (dative singular)
meteorom (dative plural)
meteor (accusative singular)
meteory (accusative plural)
meteorem (instrumental singular)
meteorami (instrumental plural)
meteorze (locative singular)
meteorach (locative plural)
meteorze (singular vocative)
meteory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros).

lbor

(astronomy) meteor (atmospheric or meteorological phenomenon; these were sometimes classified as aerial or airy meteors (winds), aqueous or watery meteors (hydrometeors: clouds, rain, snow, hail, dew, frost), luminous meteors (rainbows and aurora), and igneous or fiery meteors (lightning and shooting stars))

(astronomy) meteor, falling star, shooting star (fast-moving streak of light in the night sky caused by the entry of extraterrestrial matter into the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star or falling star)


-an

-an (nominative singular)
-any (nominative plural)
-anu (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-an (accusative singular)
-any (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-any (plural vocative)
-an (nominative singular)
-ani (nominative plural)
-any (derogatory nominative plural)
-ana (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-ana (accusative singular)
-anów (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-ani (plural vocative)

chlor (“chlorine”) + -an → chloran (“chlorate”)

(chemistry) -ate, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -owy (-ic)


-in

-in (nominative singular)
-iny (nominative plural)
-inu (genitive singular)
-inów (genitive plural)
-inowi (dative singular)
-inom (dative plural)
-in (accusative singular)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inem (instrumental singular)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inie (locative singular)
-inach (locative plural)
-inie (singular vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)
-yn (alternative)

arsen + -in → arsenin


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.

(computing) transfer (number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel)


pylon

pylon (nominative singular)
pylony (nominative plural)
pylonu (genitive singular)
pylonów (genitive plural)
pylonowi (dative singular)
pylonom (dative plural)
pylon (accusative singular)
pylony (accusative plural)
pylonem (instrumental singular)
pylonami (instrumental plural)
pylonie (locative singular)
pylonach (locative plural)
pylonie (singular vocative)
pylony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn).

(aviation) pylon (structural element fixed under the wing of an aircraft and holding the engine attached to it)


gloria

gloria (nominative singular)
glorie (nominative plural)
glorii (genitive singular)
glorii (genitive plural)
gloryj (archaic genitive plural)
glorii (dative singular)
gloriom (dative plural)
glorię (accusative singular)
glorie (accusative plural)
glorią (instrumental singular)
gloriami (instrumental plural)
glorii (locative singular)
gloriach (locative plural)
glorio (singular vocative)
glorie (plural vocative)


freeware

pl-noun

freeware m inan (related adjective freeware'owy)

freeware'owy (adjective)
freeware (nominative singular)
freeware'u (genitive singular)
freeware'owi (dative singular)
freeware (accusative singular)
freeware'em (instrumental singular)
freewarze (locative singular)
freewarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English freeware.

ubor

(software) freeware (complete and functional software that does not require payment or other compensation (such as viewing advertising) for its use; it may be a proprietary license with no access to the source code)


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (genitive singular)
-enowi (dative singular)
-en (accusative singular)
-enem (instrumental singular)
-enie (locative singular)
-enie (singular vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).

der+

acetyl + -en → acetylen


lag

lag (nominative singular)
lagi (nominative plural)
laga (genitive singular)
lagów (genitive plural)
lagowi (dative singular)
lagom (dative plural)
lag (accusative singular)
lagi (accusative plural)
lagiem (instrumental singular)
lagami (instrumental plural)
lagu (locative singular)
lagach (locative plural)
lagu (singular vocative)
lagi (plural vocative)

(computing, slang) lag (bad connection, loss of connection)


cyborg

cyborg (nominative singular)
cyborgi (nominative plural)
cyborga (genitive singular)
cyborgów (genitive plural)
cyborgowi (dative singular)
cyborgom (dative plural)
cyborga (accusative singular)
cyborgi (accusative plural)
cyborgiem (instrumental singular)
cyborgami (instrumental plural)
cyborgu (locative singular)
cyborgach (locative plural)
cyborgu (singular vocative)
cyborgi (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English cyborg.

obor

(robotics, science fiction) cyborg (being which is part machine and part organic)


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)
berył (alternative)

(mineralogy, countable) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)

(colloquial, firearms, countable) FB Beryl


Demeter

(astronomy) 1108 Demeter (main belt asteroid)


hazard

hazard (nominative singular)
hazardy (nominative plural)
hazardu (genitive singular)
hazardów (genitive plural)
hazardowi (dative singular)
hazardom (dative plural)
hazard (accusative singular)
hazardy (accusative plural)
hazardem (instrumental singular)
hazardami (instrumental plural)
hazardzie (locative singular)
hazardach (locative plural)
hazardzie (singular vocative)
hazardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hasard, from Old French hasart, from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).


aryl

aryl (nominative singular)
aryle (nominative plural)
arylu (genitive singular)
aryli (genitive plural)
arylowi (dative singular)
arylom (dative plural)
aryl (accusative singular)
aryle (accusative plural)
arylem (instrumental singular)
arylami (instrumental plural)
arylu (locative singular)
arylach (locative plural)
arylu (singular vocative)
aryle (plural vocative)


baton

baton m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
baton (nominative singular)
batony (nominative plural)
batona (genitive singular)
batonu (genitive singular)
batonów (genitive plural)
batonowi (dative singular)
batonom (dative plural)
batona (accusative singular)
baton (accusative singular)
batony (accusative plural)
batonem (instrumental singular)
batonami (instrumental plural)
batonie (locative singular)
batonach (locative plural)
batonie (singular vocative)
batony (plural vocative)

(graphical user interface) Alternative spelling of button


cache

cache (nominative singular)
cache'u (genitive singular)
cache'owi (dative singular)
cache (accusative singular)
cache'em (instrumental singular)
cache'u (locative singular)
cache'u (singular vocative)

(computing) cache (fast temporary storage where recently or frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium)


hadron

hadron (nominative singular)
hadrony (nominative plural)
hadrona (genitive singular)
hadronów (genitive plural)
hadronowi (dative singular)
hadronom (dative plural)
hadron (accusative singular)
hadrony (accusative plural)
hadronem (instrumental singular)
hadronami (instrumental plural)
hadronie (locative singular)
hadronach (locative plural)
hadronie (singular vocative)
hadrony (plural vocative)


dynamo

dynamo (nominative singular)
dynama (nominative plural)
dynama (genitive singular)
dynam (genitive plural)
dynamu (dative singular)
dynamom (dative plural)
dynamo (accusative singular)
dynama (accusative plural)
dynamem (instrumental singular)
dynamami (instrumental plural)
dynamie (locative singular)
dynamach (locative plural)
dynamo (singular vocative)
dynama (plural vocative)

dynamo-electric machine
dynamo-electric machine

(electromagnetism) dynamo, dynamo-electric machine, DC generator (electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity)


enol

enol (nominative singular)
enole (nominative plural)
enolu (genitive singular)
enoli (genitive plural)
enolowi (dative singular)
enolom (dative plural)
enol (accusative singular)
enole (accusative plural)
enolem (instrumental singular)
enolami (instrumental plural)
enolu (locative singular)
enolach (locative plural)
enolu (singular vocative)
enole (plural vocative)


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
erga (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
ergu (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)


galena

galena (nominative singular)
galeny (genitive singular)
galenie (dative singular)
galenę (accusative singular)
galeną (instrumental singular)
galenie (locative singular)
galeno (singular vocative)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
miga (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
miga (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(aviation) MiG (any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft)


neuron

pl-noun

neuron m inan (related adjective neuronowy or neuronalny)

neuronowy (adjective)
neuronalny (adjective)
neuron (nominative singular)
neurony (nominative plural)
neuronu (genitive singular)
neuronów (genitive plural)
neuronowi (dative singular)
neuronom (dative plural)
neuron (accusative singular)
neurony (accusative plural)
neuronem (instrumental singular)
neuronami (instrumental plural)
neuronie (locative singular)
neuronach (locative plural)
neuronie (singular vocative)
neurony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron). Doublet of nerw.

lbor

(cytology, neuroanatomy) neuron (cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites)


opal

opal (nominative singular)
opale (nominative plural)
opalu (genitive singular)
opali (genitive plural)
opalowi (dative singular)
opalom (dative plural)
opal (accusative singular)
opale (accusative plural)
opalem (instrumental singular)
opalami (instrumental plural)
opalu (locative singular)
opalach (locative plural)
opalu (singular vocative)
opale (plural vocative)


pion

pion (nominative singular)
piony (nominative plural)
pionu (genitive singular)
pionów (genitive plural)
pionowi (dative singular)
pionom (dative plural)
pion (accusative singular)
piony (accusative plural)
pionem (instrumental singular)
pionami (instrumental plural)
pionie (locative singular)
pionach (locative plural)
pionie (singular vocative)
piony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pion, a shortened form of pi meson.


propyl

propyl (nominative singular)
propyle (nominative plural)
propylu (genitive singular)
propyli (genitive plural)
propylowi (dative singular)
propylom (dative plural)
propyl (accusative singular)
propyle (accusative plural)
propylem (instrumental singular)
propylami (instrumental plural)
propylu (locative singular)
propylach (locative plural)
propylu (singular vocative)
propyle (plural vocative)


ret

ret (nominative singular)
rety (nominative plural)
retu (genitive singular)
retów (genitive plural)
retowi (dative singular)
retom (dative plural)
ret (accusative singular)
rety (accusative plural)
retem (instrumental singular)
retami (instrumental plural)
recie (locative singular)
retach (locative plural)
recie (singular vocative)
rety (plural vocative)


rotor

rotor (nominative singular)
rotory (nominative plural)
rotora (genitive singular)
rotorów (genitive plural)
rotorowi (dative singular)
rotorom (dative plural)
rotor (accusative singular)
rotory (accusative plural)
rotorem (instrumental singular)
rotorami (instrumental plural)
rotorze (locative singular)
rotorach (locative plural)
rotorze (singular vocative)
rotory (plural vocative)

(meteorology) rotor (type of powerful horizontal-axis atmospheric vortex generated by the interaction of strong winds with mountainous terrain)


strop

strop (nominative singular)
stropy (nominative plural)
stropu (genitive singular)
stropów (genitive plural)
stropowi (dative singular)
stropom (dative plural)
strop (accusative singular)
stropy (accusative plural)
stropem (instrumental singular)
stropami (instrumental plural)
stropie (locative singular)
stropach (locative plural)
stropie (singular vocative)
stropy (plural vocative)


tensor

pl-noun

tensor m inan (related adjective tensorowy)

tensorowy (adjective)
tensor (nominative singular)
tensory (nominative plural)
tensora (genitive singular)
tensorów (genitive plural)
tensorowi (dative singular)
tensorom (dative plural)
tensor (accusative singular)
tensory (accusative plural)
tensorem (instrumental singular)
tensorami (instrumental plural)
tensorze (locative singular)
tensorach (locative plural)
tensorze (singular vocative)
tensory (plural vocative)


chimera

chimera f (related adjective chimerny or chimeryczny)

chimerny (adjective)
chimeryczny (adjective)
chimera (nominative singular)
chimery (nominative plural)
chimery (genitive singular)
chimer (genitive plural)
chimerze (dative singular)
chimerom (dative plural)
chimerę (accusative singular)
chimery (accusative plural)
chimerą (instrumental singular)
chimerami (instrumental plural)
chimerze (locative singular)
chimerach (locative plural)
chimero (singular vocative)
chimery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin chimaera, from Ancient Greek χίμαιρα (khímaira).

(genetics) chimera (organism with genetically distinct cells from two or more zygotes)


dominant

dominant (nominative singular)
dominanty (nominative plural)
dominanta (genitive singular)
dominantów (genitive plural)
dominantowi (dative singular)
dominantom (dative plural)
dominanta (accusative singular)
dominanty (accusative plural)
dominantem (instrumental singular)
dominantami (instrumental plural)
dominancie (locative singular)
dominantach (locative plural)
dominancie (singular vocative)
dominanty (plural vocative)

(biology) dominant (species or organism that is dominant)


notebook

notebook m inan or m animal (related adjective notebookowy)

notebook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
notebookowy (adjective)
notebook (nominative singular)
notebooki (nominative plural)
notebooka (genitive singular)
notebooków (genitive plural)
notebookowi (dative singular)
notebookom (dative plural)
notebook (accusative singular)
notebooka (accusative singular)
notebooki (accusative plural)
notebookiem (instrumental singular)
notebookami (instrumental plural)
notebooku (locative singular)
notebookach (locative plural)
notebooku (singular vocative)
notebooki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English notebook.

ubor

Coordinate term: netbook

(computing) notebook, notebook computer (class of laptop computer that is around the size of a spiral-bound notebook with A4 or letter-sized pages)


słońce

pl-noun

słońce n (diminutive słonko, related adjective słoneczny)

słonko (diminutive)
słoneczny (adjective)
słońce (nominative singular)
słońca (nominative plural)
słońca (genitive singular)
słońc (genitive plural)
słońcu (dative singular)
słońcom (dative plural)
słońce (accusative singular)
słońca (accusative plural)
słońcem (instrumental singular)
słońcami (instrumental plural)
słońcu (locative singular)
słońcach (locative plural)
słońce (singular vocative)
słońca (plural vocative)

/ˈsɫɔɲ.t͡sɛ/

(astronomy) sun (star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system)


assembler

assembler (nominative singular)
assemblery (nominative plural)
assemblera (genitive singular)
assemblerów (genitive plural)
assemblerowi (dative singular)
assemblerom (dative plural)
assembler (accusative singular)
assemblery (accusative plural)
assemblerem (instrumental singular)
assemblerami (instrumental plural)
assemblerze (locative singular)
assemblerach (locative plural)
assemblerze (singular vocative)
assemblery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English assembler.

ubor

(computer languages, countable or uncountable) Alternative spelling of asembler


eon

eon (nominative singular)
eony (nominative plural)
eonu (genitive singular)
eonów (genitive plural)
eonowi (dative singular)
eonom (dative plural)
eon (accusative singular)
eony (accusative plural)
eonem (instrumental singular)
eonami (instrumental plural)
eonie (locative singular)
eonach (locative plural)
eonie (singular vocative)
eony (plural vocative)

(geology) eon (longest geochronologic unit, being a period of hundreds of millions of years; subdivided into eras)


amyloid

amyloid (nominative singular)
amyloidy (nominative plural)
amyloidu (genitive singular)
amyloidów (genitive plural)
amyloidowi (dative singular)
amyloidom (dative plural)
amyloid (accusative singular)
amyloidy (accusative plural)
amyloidem (instrumental singular)
amyloidami (instrumental plural)
amyloidzie (locative singular)
amyloidach (locative plural)
amyloidzie (singular vocative)
amyloidy (plural vocative)

From amyl + -oid. First attested in 1852.

ref

Szymon Fabian (1852) Farmacya. T. 1, Początki botaniki i zoologii, chemia organiczna i farmakognozya (in Polish), page 61

złogi amyloidu

(medicine, biochemistry) amyloid (protein compound)


gluon

gluon (nominative singular)
gluony (nominative plural)
gluonu (genitive singular)
gluonów (genitive plural)
gluonowi (dative singular)
gluonom (dative plural)
gluon (accusative singular)
gluony (accusative plural)
gluonem (instrumental singular)
gluonami (instrumental plural)
gluonie (locative singular)
gluonach (locative plural)
gluonie (singular vocative)
gluony (plural vocative)


fermion

fermion (nominative singular)
fermiony (nominative plural)
fermionu (genitive singular)
fermionów (genitive plural)
fermionowi (dative singular)
fermionom (dative plural)
fermion (accusative singular)
fermiony (accusative plural)
fermionem (instrumental singular)
fermionami (instrumental plural)
fermionie (locative singular)
fermionach (locative plural)
fermionie (singular vocative)
fermiony (plural vocative)


lepton

Borrowed from English lepton, from Ancient Greek λεπτόν (leptón).


neutrino

neutrino (nominative singular)
neutrina (nominative plural)
neutrina (genitive singular)
neutrin (genitive plural)
neutrinu (dative singular)
neutrinom (dative plural)
neutrino (accusative singular)
neutrina (accusative plural)
neutrinem (instrumental singular)
neutrinami (instrumental plural)
neutrinie (locative singular)
neutrinach (locative plural)
neutrino (singular vocative)
neutrina (plural vocative)


in vitro

pl-adj

in vitro (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in vitro.


androgen

androgen (nominative singular)
androgeny (nominative plural)
androgenu (genitive singular)
androgenów (genitive plural)
androgenowi (dative singular)
androgenom (dative plural)
androgen (accusative singular)
androgeny (accusative plural)
androgenem (instrumental singular)
androgenami (instrumental plural)
androgenie (locative singular)
androgenach (locative plural)
androgenie (singular vocative)
androgeny (plural vocative)

From andro- + gen. First attested in 1884.

ref

Juliusz Słowacki (1884) Genezis z Ducha ; List do J. N. Rembowskiego ; Wykład nauki ; Dziennik z r. 1847-1849 (in Polish), page 86

męskie androgeny


rum

rum (nominative singular)
rumy (nominative plural)
rumu (genitive singular)
rumów (genitive plural)
rumowi (dative singular)
rumom (dative plural)
rum (accusative singular)
rumy (accusative plural)
rumem (instrumental singular)
rumami (instrumental plural)
rumie (locative singular)
rumach (locative plural)
rumie (singular vocative)
rumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

bor+

(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs


ester

ester (nominative singular)
estry (nominative plural)
estru (genitive singular)
estrów (genitive plural)
estrowi (dative singular)
estrom (dative plural)
ester (accusative singular)
estry (accusative plural)
estrem (instrumental singular)
estrami (instrumental plural)
estrze (locative singular)
estrach (locative plural)
estrze (singular vocative)
estry (plural vocative)


zoologia

pl-noun

zoologia f (related adjective zoologiczny)

zoologiczny (adjective)
zoologia (nominative singular)
zoologii (genitive singular)
zoologii (dative singular)
zoologię (accusative singular)
zoologią (instrumental singular)
zoologii (locative singular)
zoologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English zoology, French zoologie, German Zoologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion) + λόγος (lógos).

(zoology) zoology (science that studies the animal kingdom)


albedo

Learned borrowing from Latin albēdō. First attested in 1908.

ref

Zasady fizyki: Fizyka ogólna, dynamiczne własności materyi, akustyka (in Polish), volume 1, 1908, page x

albedo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

niskie/małe albedo

wysokie albedo

ziemskie albedo/albedo Ziemi

albedo wynosi ileś

albedo neutronów

albedo powierzchni

albedo planety

albedo śniegu

wartość albedo

wielkości albedo

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)

(botany) albedo (part of citrus fruit rind)


terminator

terminator (nominative singular)
terminatory (nominative plural)
terminatoru (genitive singular)
terminatorów (genitive plural)
terminatorowi (dative singular)
terminatorom (dative plural)
terminator (accusative singular)
terminatory (accusative plural)
terminatorem (instrumental singular)
terminatorami (instrumental plural)
terminatorze (locative singular)
terminatorach (locative plural)
terminatorze (singular vocative)
terminatory (plural vocative)


halo

Internationalism; compare English halo, French halo, German Halo, ultimately from Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs).

(astronomy) halo (cloud of gas and other matter surrounding and captured by the gravitational field of a large diffuse astronomical object, such as a galaxy or cluster of galaxies)