Australia

pl-prop

Australia f (related adjective australijski)

australijski (adjective)
Australia (nominative singular)
Australii (genitive singular)
Australii (dative singular)
Australię (accusative singular)
Australią (instrumental singular)
Australii (locative singular)
Australio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita.

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)
adamas (alternative Middle Polish)
adament (alternative Middle Polish)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


talk

talk (nominative singular)
talku (genitive singular)
talkowi (dative singular)
talk (accusative singular)
talkiem (instrumental singular)
talku (locative singular)
talku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin talcum.


polder

polder (nominative singular)
poldery (nominative plural)
polderu (genitive singular)
polderów (genitive plural)
polderowi (dative singular)
polderom (dative plural)
polder (accusative singular)
poldery (accusative plural)
polderem (instrumental singular)
polderami (instrumental plural)
polderze (locative singular)
polderach (locative plural)
polderze (singular vocative)
poldery (plural vocative)


góra

pl-noun

góra f (diminutive górka, abbreviation g.)

górka (diminutive)
g. (abbreviation)
góra (nominative singular)
góry (nominative plural)
góry (genitive singular)
gór (genitive plural)
górze (dative singular)
górom (dative plural)
górę (accusative singular)
góry (accusative plural)
górą (instrumental singular)
górami (instrumental plural)
górze (locative singular)
górach (locative plural)
góro (singular vocative)
góry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish góra. Sense 5 is preserved in terms such as górnik and was displaced by kopalnia. Doublet of hore.

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, ale człowiek

nie przyszła góra do Mahometa, przyszedł Mahomet do góry

(countable, Middle Polish, geography) cape (piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake)


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).

lbor

(geography) delta (landform at the mouth of a river)


transport

transport (nominative singular)
transporty (nominative plural)
transportu (genitive singular)
transportów (genitive plural)
transportowi (dative singular)
transportom (dative plural)
transport (accusative singular)
transporty (accusative plural)
transportem (instrumental singular)
transportami (instrumental plural)
transporcie (locative singular)
transportach (locative plural)
transporcie (singular vocative)
transporty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: transpòrt

Borrowed from French transport. First attested in 1661. Compare Silesian transport.

ref

Merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny, 1661, page 16

(uncountable, geology) transport (relocation of rock weathering products by water, wind and ice)


less

less (nominative singular)
lessy (nominative plural)
lessu (genitive singular)
lessów (genitive plural)
lessowi (dative singular)
lessom (dative plural)
less (accusative singular)
lessy (accusative plural)
lessem (instrumental singular)
lessami (instrumental plural)
lessie (locative singular)
lessach (locative plural)
lessie (singular vocative)
lessy (plural vocative)


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(geology) formation (layer of rock of common origin)


zona

zona (nominative singular)
zony (nominative plural)
zony (genitive singular)
zon (genitive plural)
zonie (dative singular)
zonom (dative plural)
zonę (accusative singular)
zony (accusative plural)
zoną (instrumental singular)
zonami (instrumental plural)
zonie (locative singular)
zonach (locative plural)
zono (singular vocative)
zony (plural vocative)

(geography) zone (area separated from a larger area)


GPS

GPS (nominative singular)
GPS-y (nominative plural)
GPS-u (genitive singular)
GPS-ów (genitive plural)
GPS-owi (dative singular)
GPS-om (dative plural)
GPS (accusative singular)
GPS-y (accusative plural)
GPS-em (instrumental singular)
GPS-ami (instrumental plural)
GPS-ie (locative singular)
GPS-ach (locative plural)
GPS-ie (singular vocative)
GPS-y (plural vocative)

(uncountable, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS (Global Positioning System; a system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites)

(countable, colloquial, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS, GPS receiver (audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation)


tsunami

(oceanography) tsunami (very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption; often a series of waves (a wave train))


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)
berył (alternative Middle Polish)

(mineralogy, countable) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
ergu (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)


galena

galena (nominative singular)
galeny (genitive singular)
galenie (dative singular)
galenę (accusative singular)
galeną (instrumental singular)
galenie (locative singular)
galeno (singular vocative)


opal

opal (nominative singular)
opale (nominative plural)
opalu (genitive singular)
opali (genitive plural)
opalowi (dative singular)
opalom (dative plural)
opal (accusative singular)
opale (accusative plural)
opalem (instrumental singular)
opalami (instrumental plural)
opalu (locative singular)
opalach (locative plural)
opalu (singular vocative)
opale (plural vocative)


ret

ret (nominative singular)
rety (nominative plural)
retu (genitive singular)
retów (genitive plural)
retowi (dative singular)
retom (dative plural)
ret (accusative singular)
rety (accusative plural)
retem (instrumental singular)
retami (instrumental plural)
recie (locative singular)
retach (locative plural)
recie (singular vocative)
rety (plural vocative)


strop

strop (nominative singular)
stropy (nominative plural)
stropu (genitive singular)
stropów (genitive plural)
stropowi (dative singular)
stropom (dative plural)
strop (accusative singular)
stropy (accusative plural)
stropem (instrumental singular)
stropami (instrumental plural)
stropie (locative singular)
stropach (locative plural)
stropie (singular vocative)
stropy (plural vocative)


eon

eon (nominative singular)
eony (nominative plural)
eonu (genitive singular)
eonów (genitive plural)
eonowi (dative singular)
eonom (dative plural)
eon (accusative singular)
eony (accusative plural)
eonem (instrumental singular)
eonami (instrumental plural)
eonie (locative singular)
eonach (locative plural)
eonie (singular vocative)
eony (plural vocative)

(geology) eon (longest geochronologic unit, being a period of hundreds of millions of years; subdivided into eras)


rum

rum (nominative singular)
rumy (nominative plural)
rumu (genitive singular)
rumów (genitive plural)
rumowi (dative singular)
rumom (dative plural)
rum (accusative singular)
rumy (accusative plural)
rumem (instrumental singular)
rumami (instrumental plural)
rumie (locative singular)
rumach (locative plural)
rumie (singular vocative)
rumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

bor+

(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs


relief

pl-noun

relief m inan (related adjective reliefowy)

reliefowy (adjective)
relief (nominative singular)
reliefy (nominative plural)
reliefu (genitive singular)
reliefów (genitive plural)
reliefowi (dative singular)
reliefom (dative plural)
relief (accusative singular)
reliefy (accusative plural)
reliefem (instrumental singular)
reliefami (instrumental plural)
reliefie (locative singular)
reliefach (locative plural)
reliefie (singular vocative)
reliefy (plural vocative)

(geology) relief, landform, terrain (area of land or the particular features of it)


sfera

sferowy (adjective)
sfera (nominative singular)
sfery (nominative plural)
sfery (genitive singular)
sfer (genitive plural)
sferze (dative singular)
sferom (dative plural)
sferę (accusative singular)
sfery (accusative plural)
sferą (instrumental singular)
sferami (instrumental plural)
sferze (locative singular)
sferach (locative plural)
sfero (singular vocative)
sfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sphere, French sphère, German Sphäre, ultimately from Latin sphaera.

(geography) sphere (area characterized by certain climatic or natural features)


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)
achat (alternative Middle Polish)
achatek (alternative Middle Polish)
achates (alternative Middle Polish)
agatek (alternative Middle Polish)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(geology) profile (vertical cross-section showing the geological structure of a given section of the earth's crust)


morena

morena (nominative singular)
moreny (nominative plural)
moreny (genitive singular)
moren (genitive plural)
morenie (dative singular)
morenom (dative plural)
morenę (accusative singular)
moreny (accusative plural)
moreną (instrumental singular)
morenami (instrumental plural)
morenie (locative singular)
morenach (locative plural)
moreno (singular vocative)
moreny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French moraine, from Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre, from Vulgar Latin *murrum.

(geology) moraine (accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier)


Pangea

Pangea (nominative singular)
Pangei (genitive singular)
Pangei (dative singular)
Pangeę (accusative singular)
Pangeą (instrumental singular)
Pangei (locative singular)
Pangeo (singular vocative)

(geology) Pangaea (a former supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana)


kras

kras (nominative singular)
krasy (nominative plural)
krasu (genitive singular)
krasów (genitive plural)
krasowi (dative singular)
krasom (dative plural)
kras (accusative singular)
krasy (accusative plural)
krasem (instrumental singular)
krasami (instrumental plural)
krasie (locative singular)
krasach (locative plural)
krasie (singular vocative)
krasy (plural vocative)


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


bruk

brukowy (adjective)
bruk (nominative singular)
bruki (nominative plural)
bruku (genitive singular)
bruków (genitive plural)
brukowi (dative singular)
brukom (dative plural)
bruk (accusative singular)
bruki (accusative plural)
brukiem (instrumental singular)
brukami (instrumental plural)
bruku (locative singular)
brukach (locative plural)
bruku (singular vocative)
bruki (plural vocative)
burk (alternative)
burg (alternative Middle Polish)

(geology) duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)


alabaster

alabaster (nominative singular)
alabastry (nominative plural)
alabastru (genitive singular)
alabastrów (genitive plural)
alabastrowi (dative singular)
alabastrom (dative plural)
alabaster (accusative singular)
alabastry (accusative plural)
alabastrem (instrumental singular)
alabastrami (instrumental plural)
alabastrze (locative singular)
alabastrach (locative plural)
alabastrze (singular vocative)
alabastry (plural vocative)
alabastr (alternative obsolete)

kopalnia alabastru

(zrobiony, wykonany) z alabastru

(mineralogy) alabaster (fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum)


płaszcz

płaszczyk (diminutive)
płaszcz (nominative singular)
płaszcze (nominative plural)
płaszcza (genitive singular)
płaszczy (genitive plural)
płaszczów (genitive plural)
płaszczowi (dative singular)
płaszczom (dative plural)
płaszcz (accusative singular)
płaszcze (accusative plural)
płaszczem (instrumental singular)
płaszczami (instrumental plural)
płaszczu (locative singular)
płaszczach (locative plural)
płaszczu (singular vocative)
płaszcze (plural vocative)
płoszcz (alternative)

płaszcz ziemski

płaszcz górny

płaszcz dolny


kosa

kosa (nominative singular)
kosy (nominative plural)
kosy (genitive singular)
kos (genitive plural)
kosie (dative singular)
kosom (dative plural)
kosę (accusative singular)
kosy (accusative plural)
kosą (instrumental singular)
kosami (instrumental plural)
kosie (locative singular)
kosach (locative plural)
koso (singular vocative)
kosy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

(geography) spit that extends into the deep sea, instead of closing off a lagoon


kreda

kreda (nominative singular)
kredy (nominative plural)
kredy (genitive singular)
kred (genitive plural)
kredzie (dative singular)
kredom (dative plural)
kredę (accusative singular)
kredy (accusative plural)
kredą (instrumental singular)
kredami (instrumental plural)
kredzie (locative singular)
kredach (locative plural)
kredo (singular vocative)
kredy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kreide, from Middle High German krīde, from Old High German krīda, from Vulgar Latin *crēda, from Latin crēta. Doublet of Kreta.


ruda

ruda (nominative singular)
rudy (nominative plural)
rudy (genitive singular)
rud (genitive plural)
rudzie (dative singular)
rudom (dative plural)
rudę (accusative singular)
rudy (accusative plural)
rudą (instrumental singular)
rudami (instrumental plural)
rudzie (locative singular)
rudach (locative plural)
rudo (singular vocative)
rudy (plural vocative)


mada

madowy (adjective)
mada (nominative singular)
mady (nominative plural)
mady (genitive singular)
mad (genitive plural)
madzie (dative singular)
madom (dative plural)
madę (accusative singular)
mady (accusative plural)
madą (instrumental singular)
madami (instrumental plural)
madzie (locative singular)
madach (locative plural)
mado (singular vocative)
mady (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from German Mud, from Middle Low German mudde. Per Trubachyov inherited from Proto-Slavic *mada, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-.


sandr

sandr m inan (related adjective sandrowy)

sandrowy (adjective)
sandr (nominative singular)
sandry (nominative plural)
sandru (genitive singular)
sandrów (genitive plural)
sandrowi (dative singular)
sandrom (dative plural)
sandr (accusative singular)
sandry (accusative plural)
sandrem (instrumental singular)
sandrami (instrumental plural)
sandrze (locative singular)
sandrach (locative plural)
sandrze (singular vocative)
sandry (plural vocative)
zandr (alternative)

(geology) sandur (plain created by the outwash of glacial meltwater)


krater

krater (nominative singular)
kratery (nominative plural)
krateru (genitive singular)
kraterów (genitive plural)
kraterowi (dative singular)
kraterom (dative plural)
krater (accusative singular)
kratery (accusative plural)
kraterem (instrumental singular)
kraterami (instrumental plural)
kraterze (locative singular)
kraterach (locative plural)
kraterze (singular vocative)
kratery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English crater, French cratère, German Krater, ultimately from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (kratḗr).


realgar

realgar (nominative singular)
realgary (nominative plural)
realgaru (genitive singular)
realgarów (genitive plural)
realgarowi (dative singular)
realgarom (dative plural)
realgar (accusative singular)
realgary (accusative plural)
realgarem (instrumental singular)
realgarami (instrumental plural)
realgarze (locative singular)
realgarach (locative plural)
realgarze (singular vocative)
realgary (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin realgar, from Arabic رَهْج اَلْغَار (rahj al-ḡār).

der

رَهْج اَلْغَار


adular

adular (nominative singular)
adulary (nominative plural)
adularu (genitive singular)
adularów (genitive plural)
adularowi (dative singular)
adularom (dative plural)
adular (accusative singular)
adulary (accusative plural)
adularem (instrumental singular)
adularami (instrumental plural)
adularze (locative singular)
adularach (locative plural)
adularze (singular vocative)
adulary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Adular. First attested in 1827.

ref

Ignacy Jakowicki (1827) Wykład oryktognozyi i początków geognozyi, page 119


muł

muł (nominative singular)
muły (nominative plural)
mułu (genitive singular)
mułów (genitive plural)
mułowi (dative singular)
mułom (dative plural)
muł (accusative singular)
muły (accusative plural)
mułem (instrumental singular)
mułami (instrumental plural)
mule (locative singular)
mułach (locative plural)
mule (singular vocative)
muły (plural vocative)

(geology) silt, slitch (mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water)

szlam i muł

(geology) slime, sludge, slurry (natural muddy sediment accumulating on the bottom and banks of water bodies)


balas

balasek (diminutive)
balas (nominative singular)
balasy (nominative plural)
balasa (genitive singular)
balasów (genitive plural)
balasowi (dative singular)
balasom (dative plural)
balas (accusative singular)
balasy (accusative plural)
balasem (instrumental singular)
balasami (instrumental plural)
balasie (locative singular)
balasach (locative plural)
balasie (singular vocative)
balasy (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, gemology) type of red gemstone


zdjęcie

pl-noun

zdjęcie n (diminutive zdjątko, related adjective zdjęciowy)

zdjątko (diminutive)
zdjęciowy (adjective)
zdjęcie (nominative singular)
zdjęcia (nominative plural)
zdjęcia (genitive singular)
zdjęć (genitive plural)
zdjęciu (dative singular)
zdjęciom (dative plural)
zdjęcie (accusative singular)
zdjęcia (accusative plural)
zdjęciem (instrumental singular)
zdjęciami (instrumental plural)
zdjęciu (locative singular)
zdjęciach (locative plural)
zdjęcie (singular vocative)
zdjęcia (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zjęcie. By surface analysis, zdjąć + -cie.

(obsolete, countable, geology, metrology) survey (measurement of an area and drawing it with details at a certain scale)


nunatak

nunatak (nominative singular)
nunataki (nominative plural)
nunataka (genitive singular)
nunataku (genitive singular)
nunataków (genitive plural)
nunatakowi (dative singular)
nunatakom (dative plural)
nunatak (accusative singular)
nunataki (accusative plural)
nunatakiem (instrumental singular)
nunatakami (instrumental plural)
nunataku (locative singular)
nunatakach (locative plural)
nunataku (singular vocative)
nunataki (plural vocative)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

(cartography) legend (key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.)


korund

korund (nominative singular)
korundy (nominative plural)
korundu (genitive singular)
korundów (genitive plural)
korundowi (dative singular)
korundom (dative plural)
korund (accusative singular)
korundy (accusative plural)
korundem (instrumental singular)
korundami (instrumental plural)
korundzie (locative singular)
korundach (locative plural)
korundzie (singular vocative)
korundy (plural vocative)


grupa

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

grupka (diminutive)
grupowy (adjective)
grupa (nominative singular)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grup (genitive plural)
grupie (dative singular)
grupom (dative plural)
grupę (accusative singular)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupą (instrumental singular)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupie (locative singular)
grupach (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: grupa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus. First attested in 1765.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(geology) group (a collection of formations or rock strata)


kontakt

pl-noun

kontakt m inan (related adjective kontaktowy)

kontaktowy (adjective)
kontakt (nominative singular)
kontakty (nominative plural)
kontaktu (genitive singular)
kontaktów (genitive plural)
kontaktowi (dative singular)
kontaktom (dative plural)
kontakt (accusative singular)
kontakty (accusative plural)
kontaktem (instrumental singular)
kontaktami (instrumental plural)
kontakcie (locative singular)
kontaktach (locative plural)
kontakcie (singular vocative)
kontakty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòntakt

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from French contact or German Kontakt, ultimately from Latin contāctus. First attested in 1745–1747. Semantic loan from German Kontakt. Compare Silesian kōntakt.

ref

“Materiały źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki XVI-XVIII w.”, in Materiały źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki XVI-XVIII w., opr. M. Gębarowicz, Wrocław- Warszawa-Kraków. (in Polish), 1745-1747, published 1983, Trzy umowy między Sebastianem Fensingerem rzeźbiarzem a trynitarzami lwowskimi z 1745, 1746 i 1747 r., page 374: “Kontakt z Panem Sebestianem Fesingerem Snicerzem, na ołtarz S. Jana Nepomucena do Ś. Mikołaja.”

(geology) contact (place where two rocks of different origin touch)


jaspis

jaspis (nominative singular)
jaspisy (nominative plural)
jaspisu (genitive singular)
jaspisów (genitive plural)
jaspisowi (dative singular)
jaspisom (dative plural)
jaspis (accusative singular)
jaspisy (accusative plural)
jaspisem (instrumental singular)
jaspisami (instrumental plural)
jaspisie (locative singular)
jaspisach (locative plural)
jaspisie (singular vocative)
jaspisy (plural vocative)


komin

pl-noun

komin m inan (diminutive kominek, related adjective kominowy)

kominek (diminutive)
kominowy (adjective)
komin (nominative singular)
kominy (nominative plural)
komina (genitive singular)
kominów (genitive plural)
kominowi (dative singular)
kominom (dative plural)
komin (accusative singular)
kominy (accusative plural)
kominem (instrumental singular)
kominami (instrumental plural)
kominie (locative singular)
kominach (locative plural)
kominie (singular vocative)
kominy (plural vocative)

(geology) chimney (vertical crevice in a steep mountain slope, wide enough for a climber to enter)


astenosfera

astenosfera (nominative singular)
astenosfery (genitive singular)
astenosferze (dative singular)
astenosferę (accusative singular)
astenosferą (instrumental singular)
astenosferze (locative singular)
astenosfero (singular vocative)


kraton

kraton (nominative singular)
kratony (nominative plural)
kratonu (genitive singular)
kratonów (genitive plural)
kratonowi (dative singular)
kratonom (dative plural)
kraton (accusative singular)
kratony (accusative plural)
kratonem (instrumental singular)
kratonami (instrumental plural)
kratonie (locative singular)
kratonach (locative plural)
kratonie (singular vocative)
kratony (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, might”).


metamorfoza

metamorfoza (nominative singular)
metamorfozy (nominative plural)
metamorfozy (genitive singular)
metamorfoz (genitive plural)
metamorfozie (dative singular)
metamorfozom (dative plural)
metamorfozę (accusative singular)
metamorfozy (accusative plural)
metamorfozą (instrumental singular)
metamorfozami (instrumental plural)
metamorfozie (locative singular)
metamorfozach (locative plural)
metamorfozo (singular vocative)
metamorfozy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French métamorphose, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis).

μεταμόρφωσις

(geology) metamorphism (process by which rocks are changed into other forms by the application of heat and/or pressure)


platforma

platforma (nominative singular)
platformy (nominative plural)
platformy (genitive singular)
platform (genitive plural)
platformie (dative singular)
platformom (dative plural)
platformę (accusative singular)
platformy (accusative plural)
platformą (instrumental singular)
platformami (instrumental plural)
platformie (locative singular)
platformach (locative plural)
platformo (singular vocative)
platformy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French plate-forme, from Middle French plateforme.

(geology) platform (continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata)


albit

albit (nominative singular)
albity (nominative plural)
albitu (genitive singular)
albitów (genitive plural)
albitowi (dative singular)
albitom (dative plural)
albit (accusative singular)
albity (accusative plural)
albitem (instrumental singular)
albitami (instrumental plural)
albicie (locative singular)
albitach (locative plural)
albicie (singular vocative)
albity (plural vocative)

From Latin albus + -it. First attested in 1825.

ref

Dziennik Wileński (in Polish), number T.2, nr 5, 1825, page 97

albit in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


ponor

ponor (nominative singular)
ponory (nominative plural)
ponoru (genitive singular)
ponorów (genitive plural)
ponorowi (dative singular)
ponorom (dative plural)
ponor (accusative singular)
ponory (accusative plural)
ponorem (instrumental singular)
ponorami (instrumental plural)
ponorze (locative singular)
ponorach (locative plural)
ponorze (singular vocative)
ponory (plural vocative)

(geology) ponor (opening where surface water enters underground)


aglomerat

aglomerat (nominative singular)
aglomeraty (nominative plural)
aglomeratu (genitive singular)
aglomeratów (genitive plural)
aglomeratowi (dative singular)
aglomeratom (dative plural)
aglomerat (accusative singular)
aglomeraty (accusative plural)
aglomeratem (instrumental singular)
aglomeratami (instrumental plural)
aglomeracie (locative singular)
aglomeratach (locative plural)
aglomeracie (singular vocative)
aglomeraty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English agglomerate. Possibly borrowed from French agglomérat or from German Agglomerat, ultimately from Latin agglomerō + -at. First attested in 1833.

(geology) agglomerate (mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat)


galenit

galenit (nominative singular)
galenitu (genitive singular)
galenitowi (dative singular)
galenit (accusative singular)
galenitem (instrumental singular)
galenicie (locative singular)
galenicie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Galenit, from Latin galēna.


tuf

tuf (nominative singular)
tufy (nominative plural)
tufu (genitive singular)
tufów (genitive plural)
tufowi (dative singular)
tufom (dative plural)
tuf (accusative singular)
tufy (accusative plural)
tufem (instrumental singular)
tufami (instrumental plural)
tufie (locative singular)
tufach (locative plural)
tufie (singular vocative)
tufy (plural vocative)


gnejs

gnejs (nominative singular)
gnejsy (nominative plural)
gnejsu (genitive singular)
gnejsów (genitive plural)
gnejsowi (dative singular)
gnejsom (dative plural)
gnejs (accusative singular)
gnejsy (accusative plural)
gnejsem (instrumental singular)
gnejsami (instrumental plural)
gnejsie (locative singular)
gnejsach (locative plural)
gnejsie (singular vocative)
gnejsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Gneis, from Middle High German gneist, from Old High German gneisto, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô, from *ga- + *hnaistô.


punkt

pl-noun

punkt m inan (diminutive punkcik, abbreviation p. or pkt)

punkcik (diminutive)
p. (abbreviation)
pkt (abbreviation)
punkt (nominative singular)
punkty (nominative plural)
punktu (genitive singular)
punktów (genitive plural)
punktowi (dative singular)
punktom (dative plural)
punkt (accusative singular)
punkty (accusative plural)
punktem (instrumental singular)
punktami (instrumental plural)
punkcie (locative singular)
punktach (locative plural)
punkcie (singular vocative)
punkty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pūnctum. First attested in 1566. Doublet of puenta.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “punkt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “punkt I”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

punkt widzenia zależy od punktu siedzenia

(obsolete, cartography) cardinal direction


iglica

igliczka (diminutive)
iglica (nominative singular)
iglice (nominative plural)
iglicy (genitive singular)
iglic (genitive plural)
iglicy (dative singular)
iglicom (dative plural)
iglicę (accusative singular)
iglice (accusative plural)
iglicą (instrumental singular)
iglicami (instrumental plural)
iglicy (locative singular)
iglicach (locative plural)
iglico (singular vocative)
iglice (plural vocative)

(geology) needle (sharp pinnacle of rock)


okres

okres (nominative singular)
okresy (nominative plural)
okresu (genitive singular)
okresów (genitive plural)
okresowi (dative singular)
okresom (dative plural)
okres (accusative singular)
okresy (accusative plural)
okresem (instrumental singular)
okresami (instrumental plural)
okresie (locative singular)
okresach (locative plural)
okresie (singular vocative)
okresy (plural vocative)
okrys (alternative Middle Polish)

Deverbal from okresić (modern określić). The word originally meant only confine but gained additional meanings by translating period from various languages. First attested in 1564.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “okres, okrys”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(geology) period (a geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs)


piętro

pięterko (diminutive)
piętro (nominative singular)
piętra (nominative plural)
piętra (genitive singular)
pięter (genitive plural)
piętr (genitive plural)
piętru (dative singular)
piętrom (dative plural)
piętro (accusative singular)
piętra (accusative plural)
piętrem (instrumental singular)
piętrami (instrumental plural)
piętrze (locative singular)
piętrach (locative plural)
piętro (singular vocative)
piętra (plural vocative)


wulkan

pl-noun

wulkan m inan (related adjective wulkaniczny)

wulkaniczny (adjective)
wulkan (nominative singular)
wulkany (nominative plural)
wulkanu (genitive singular)
wulkanów (genitive plural)
wulkanowi (dative singular)
wulkanom (dative plural)
wulkan (accusative singular)
wulkany (accusative plural)
wulkanem (instrumental singular)
wulkanami (instrumental plural)
wulkanie (locative singular)
wulkanach (locative plural)
wulkanie (singular vocative)
wulkany (plural vocative)

(volcanology) volcano (mountain containing a magma chamber)


kolano

kolano n (diminutive kolanko, augmentative kolanisko, related adjective kolanowy or (Middle Polish) kolanny)

kolanko (diminutive)
kolanisko (augmentative)
kolanowy (adjective)
kolanny (Middle Polish adjective)
kolano (nominative singular)
kolana (nominative plural)
kolana (genitive singular)
kolan (genitive plural)
kolanu (dative singular)
kolanom (dative plural)
kolano (accusative singular)
kolana (accusative plural)
kolanem (instrumental singular)
kolanami (instrumental plural)
kolanie (locative singular)
kolanach (locative plural)
kolano (singular vocative)
kolana (plural vocative)
koleno (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish kolano, from Proto-Slavic *kolěno.


niż

niż (nominative singular)
niże (nominative plural)
niżu (genitive singular)
niżów (genitive plural)
niżowi (dative singular)
niżom (dative plural)
niż (accusative singular)
niże (accusative plural)
niżem (instrumental singular)
niżami (instrumental plural)
niżu (locative singular)
niżach (locative plural)
niżu (singular vocative)
niże (plural vocative)
niz (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(geography) depression, lowland (low area)


stopień

st. (abbreviation)
stopień (nominative singular)
stopnie (nominative plural)
stopnia (genitive singular)
stopni (genitive plural)
stopniowi (dative singular)
stopniom (dative plural)
stopień (accusative singular)
stopnie (accusative plural)
stopniem (instrumental singular)
stopniami (instrumental plural)
stopniu (locative singular)
stopniach (locative plural)
stopniu (singular vocative)
stopnie (plural vocative)

(countable, geography) degree (a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface)


ablacja

ablacja (nominative singular)
ablacje (nominative plural)
ablacji (genitive singular)
ablacji (genitive plural)
ablacyj (archaic genitive plural)
ablacji (dative singular)
ablacjom (dative plural)
ablację (accusative singular)
ablacje (accusative plural)
ablacją (instrumental singular)
ablacjami (instrumental plural)
ablacji (locative singular)
ablacjach (locative plural)
ablacjo (singular vocative)
ablacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ablātiō. First attested in 1859.

Michał Amszejewicz (1859) Dykcjonarz zawierający: wyrazy i wyrażenia z obcych języków polskiemu przyswojone, a mianowicie: w umiejętnościach, sztukach, tudzież w stylu prawniczym, administracyjnym, gazeciarskim, naukowo-filozoficznym, literackim i w potocznéj mowie używane (in Polish), page 6

ablacja lodowca/lodowcowa

ablacja powierzchniowa

(geology) ablation (the removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation; the lowering of a land surface by any of several means, as in wind erosion or mass wasting)


deflacja

deflacja (nominative singular)
deflacje (nominative plural)
deflacji (genitive singular)
deflacji (genitive plural)
deflacyj (archaic genitive plural)
deflacji (dative singular)
deflacjom (dative plural)
deflację (accusative singular)
deflacje (accusative plural)
deflacją (instrumental singular)
deflacjami (instrumental plural)
deflacji (locative singular)
deflacjach (locative plural)
deflacjo (singular vocative)
deflacje (plural vocative)


halit

halit (nominative singular)
hality (nominative plural)
halitu (genitive singular)
halitów (genitive plural)
halitowi (dative singular)
halitom (dative plural)
halit (accusative singular)
hality (accusative plural)
halitem (instrumental singular)
halitami (instrumental plural)
halicie (locative singular)
halitach (locative plural)
halicie (singular vocative)
hality (plural vocative)


siodło

siodełko (diminutive)
siodło (nominative singular)
siodła (nominative plural)
siodła (genitive singular)
siodeł (genitive plural)
siodłu (dative singular)
siodłom (dative plural)
siodło (accusative singular)
siodła (accusative plural)
siodłem (instrumental singular)
siodłami (instrumental plural)
siodle (locative singular)
siodłach (locative plural)
siodło (singular vocative)
siodła (plural vocative)
siodło (nominative singular)
siodła (nominative plural)
siodła (genitive singular)
siódł (genitive plural)
siodłu (dative singular)
siodłom (dative plural)
siodło (accusative singular)
siodła (accusative plural)
siodłem (instrumental singular)
siodłami (instrumental plural)
siedle (locative singular)
siodłach (locative plural)
siodło (singular vocative)
siodła (plural vocative)


soczewka

pl-noun

soczewka f (related adjective soczewkowy)

soczewkowy (adjective)
soczewka (nominative singular)
soczewki (nominative plural)
soczewki (genitive singular)
soczewek (genitive plural)
soczewce (dative singular)
soczewkom (dative plural)
soczewkę (accusative singular)
soczewki (accusative plural)
soczewką (instrumental singular)
soczewkami (instrumental plural)
soczewce (locative singular)
soczewkach (locative plural)
soczewko (singular vocative)
soczewki (plural vocative)
socewka (alternative)

(geology) lens, lentil (body of ore or rock that is thick in the middle and thin at the edges, resembling a convex lens in cross-section)


lodowiec

lodowczyk (diminutive)
lodowiec (nominative singular)
lodowce (nominative plural)
lodowca (genitive singular)
lodowców (genitive plural)
lodowcowi (dative singular)
lodowcom (dative plural)
lodowiec (accusative singular)
lodowce (accusative plural)
lodowcem (instrumental singular)
lodowcami (instrumental plural)
lodowcu (locative singular)
lodowcach (locative plural)
lodowcu (singular vocative)
lodowce (plural vocative)

(geology) glacier (large body of ice which flows under its own mass, usually downhill)


poziom

poziom (nominative singular)
poziomy (nominative plural)
poziomu (genitive singular)
poziomów (genitive plural)
poziomowi (dative singular)
poziomom (dative plural)
poziom (accusative singular)
poziomy (accusative plural)
poziomem (instrumental singular)
poziomami (instrumental plural)
poziomie (locative singular)
poziomach (locative plural)
poziomie (singular vocative)
poziomy (plural vocative)
poziem (alternative obsolete)

Back-formation from poziemny. Semantic loan from English level. First attested in 1754–1765.

ref

“POZIOM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.07.2020

(obsolete, geology) layer (layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout)


stożek

stożek (nominative singular)
stożki (nominative plural)
stożka (genitive singular)
stożków (genitive plural)
stożkowi (dative singular)
stożkom (dative plural)
stożek (accusative singular)
stożki (accusative plural)
stożkiem (instrumental singular)
stożkami (instrumental plural)
stożku (locative singular)
stożkach (locative plural)
stożku (singular vocative)
stożki (plural vocative)

From stóg + -ek. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English cone.


kolumna

kolumienka (diminutive)
kolumna (nominative singular)
kolumny (nominative plural)
kolumny (genitive singular)
kolumn (genitive plural)
kolumnie (dative singular)
kolumnom (dative plural)
kolumnę (accusative singular)
kolumny (accusative plural)
kolumną (instrumental singular)
kolumnami (instrumental plural)
kolumnie (locative singular)
kolumnach (locative plural)
kolumno (singular vocative)
kolumny (plural vocative)


kaldera

kalderowy (adjective)
kaldera (nominative singular)
kaldery (nominative plural)
kaldery (genitive singular)
kalder (genitive plural)
kalderze (dative singular)
kalderom (dative plural)
kalderę (accusative singular)
kaldery (accusative plural)
kalderą (instrumental singular)
kalderami (instrumental plural)
kalderze (locative singular)
kalderach (locative plural)
kaldero (singular vocative)
kaldery (plural vocative)

(volcanology) caldera (large crater formed by a volcanic explosion)


granat

Borrowed from German Granat, from Latin grānātum.


cecha

cecha (nominative singular)
cechy (nominative plural)
cechy (genitive singular)
cech (genitive plural)
cesze (dative singular)
cechom (dative plural)
cechę (accusative singular)
cechy (accusative plural)
cechą (instrumental singular)
cechami (instrumental plural)
cesze (locative singular)
cechach (locative plural)
cecho (singular vocative)
cechy (plural vocative)
cycha (alternative Middle Polish)
czecha (alternative Middle Polish)
czycha (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”). Doublet of cych and token.

inh+

(cartography) mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)


jadeit

jadeit (nominative singular)
jadeity (nominative plural)
jadeitu (genitive singular)
jadeitów (genitive plural)
jadeitowi (dative singular)
jadeitom (dative plural)
jadeit (accusative singular)
jadeity (accusative plural)
jadeitem (instrumental singular)
jadeitami (instrumental plural)
jadeicie (locative singular)
jadeitach (locative plural)
jadeicie (singular vocative)
jadeity (plural vocative)


abisal

abisal (nominative singular)
abisalu (genitive singular)
abisalowi (dative singular)
abisal (accusative singular)
abisalem (instrumental singular)
abisalu (locative singular)
abisalu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English abyssal. First attested in 1954.

ref

Zygmunt Rysiewicz (1954) Słownik wyrazów obcych: 15,000 wyrazów (in Polish)

abyssal zone
abyssal zone#English:_Q242857

(geography) abyssal zone (the oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure)


pokład

pokład (nominative singular)
pokłady (nominative plural)
pokładu (genitive singular)
pokładów (genitive plural)
pokładowi (dative singular)
pokładom (dative plural)
pokład (accusative singular)
pokłady (accusative plural)
pokładem (instrumental singular)
pokładami (instrumental plural)
pokładzie (locative singular)
pokładach (locative plural)
pokładzie (singular vocative)
pokłady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pokład. By surface analysis, deverbal from pokładać.

surf

(geology) seam; bed, deposit (thin stratum, especially of an economically viable material such as coal or mineral)


minerał

minerał (nominative singular)
minerały (nominative plural)
minerału (genitive singular)
minerałów (genitive plural)
minerałowi (dative singular)
minerałom (dative plural)
minerał (accusative singular)
minerały (accusative plural)
minerałem (instrumental singular)
minerałami (instrumental plural)
minerale (locative singular)
minerałach (locative plural)
minerale (singular vocative)
minerały (plural vocative)

(geology) mineral (any naturally occurring inorganic material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties)


równoleżnik

równoleżnik (nominative singular)
równoleżniki (nominative plural)
równoleżnika (genitive singular)
równoleżników (genitive plural)
równoleżnikowi (dative singular)
równoleżnikom (dative plural)
równoleżnik (accusative singular)
równoleżniki (accusative plural)
równoleżnikiem (instrumental singular)
równoleżnikami (instrumental plural)
równoleżniku (locative singular)
równoleżnikach (locative plural)
równoleżniku (singular vocative)
równoleżniki (plural vocative)

(geography) parallel, circle of latitude


depresja

depresja (nominative singular)
depresje (nominative plural)
depresji (genitive singular)
depresji (genitive plural)
depresyj (archaic genitive plural)
depresji (dative singular)
depresjom (dative plural)
depresję (accusative singular)
depresje (accusative plural)
depresją (instrumental singular)
depresjami (instrumental plural)
depresji (locative singular)
depresjach (locative plural)
depresjo (singular vocative)
depresje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English depression, French dépression, German Depression, ultimately from Latin dēpressiō.


polarny

pl-adj

polarny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

polarny (masculine nominative singular)
polarna (feminine nominative singular)
polarne (neuter nominative singular)
polarni (nominative plural virile)
polarne (nominative plural)
polarnego (genitive masculine singular)
polarnej (feminine genitive singular)
polarnego (genitive neuter singular)
polarnych (genitive plural)
polarnych (genitive plural virile)
polarnemu (dative masculine singular)
polarnej (dative feminine singular)
polarnemu (dative neuter singular)
polarnym (dative plural)
polarnym (dative plural virile)
polarnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
polarny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
polarną (accusative feminine singular)
polarne (accusative neuter singular)
polarnych (accusative plural virile)
polarne (accusative plural)
polarnym (instrumental masculine singular)
polarną (feminine instrumental singular)
polarnym (instrumental neuter singular)
polarnymi (instrumental plural)
polarnymi (instrumental plural virile)
polarnym (locative masculine singular)
polarnej (feminine locative singular)
polarnym (locative neuter singular)
polarnych (locative plural)
polarnych (locative plural virile)

Ultimately from Late Latin polāris + -ny. Cognate to Russian поля́рный (poljárnyj), Czech polární.

niedźwiedź polarny

zorza polarna

(relational, geography) polar (relating to a geographic pole)


worek

pl-noun

worek m inan (diminutive woreczek, augmentative wór)

woreczek (diminutive)
wór (augmentative)
worek (nominative singular)
worki (nominative plural)
worka (genitive singular)
worków (genitive plural)
workowi (dative singular)
workom (dative plural)
worek (accusative singular)
worki (accusative plural)
workiem (instrumental singular)
workami (instrumental plural)
worku (locative singular)
workach (locative plural)
worku (singular vocative)
worki (plural vocative)


meteoryt

meteoryt m inan (related adjective meteorytowy)

meteorytowy (adjective)
meteoryt (nominative singular)
meteoryty (nominative plural)
meteorytu (genitive singular)
meteorytów (genitive plural)
meteorytowi (dative singular)
meteorytom (dative plural)
meteoryt (accusative singular)
meteoryty (accusative plural)
meteorytem (instrumental singular)
meteorytami (instrumental plural)
meteorycie (locative singular)
meteorytach (locative plural)
meteorycie (singular vocative)
meteoryty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English meteorite, French météorite, German Meteorit, ultimately from Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros).

(astronomy, cosmochemistry, geochemistry, mineralogy) meteorite (metallic or stony object or body that is the remains of a meteoroid)


aalen

aalen (nominative singular)
aalenu (genitive singular)
aalenowi (dative singular)
aalen (accusative singular)
aalenem (instrumental singular)
aalenie (locative singular)
aalenie (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Aalenian (subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch or series)


alabastr

alabastr (nominative singular)
alabastry (nominative plural)
alabastru (genitive singular)
alabastrów (genitive plural)
alabastrowi (dative singular)
alabastrom (dative plural)
alabastr (accusative singular)
alabastry (accusative plural)
alabastrem (instrumental singular)
alabastrami (instrumental plural)
alabastrze (locative singular)
alabastrach (locative plural)
alabastrze (singular vocative)
alabastry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish alabastyr, from Latin alabaster, from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros).

(mineralogy, obsolete) Alternative form of alabaster


kraina

kraina (nominative singular)
krainy (nominative plural)
krainy (genitive singular)
krain (genitive plural)
krainie (dative singular)
krainom (dative plural)
krainę (accusative singular)
krainy (accusative plural)
krainą (instrumental singular)
krainami (instrumental plural)
krainie (locative singular)
krainach (locative plural)
kraino (singular vocative)
krainy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kraina, from Proto-Slavic *krajina.

kraina mlekiem i miodem płynąca


archipelag

archipelag m inan (abbreviation archip.)

archip. (abbreviation)
archipelag (nominative singular)
archipelagi (nominative plural)
archipelagu (genitive singular)
archipelagów (genitive plural)
archipelagowi (dative singular)
archipelagom (dative plural)
archipelag (accusative singular)
archipelagi (accusative plural)
archipelagiem (instrumental singular)
archipelagami (instrumental plural)
archipelagu (locative singular)
archipelagach (locative plural)
archipelagu (singular vocative)
archipelagi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin archipelagus, from English archipelago, from Italian arcipelago, formed on the basis of Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-) + Ancient Greek πέλαγος (pélagos).

lbor

(geography) archipelago (group of islands)


okap

okap (nominative singular)
okapy (nominative plural)
okapu (genitive singular)
okapów (genitive plural)
okapowi (dative singular)
okapom (dative plural)
okap (accusative singular)
okapy (accusative plural)
okapem (instrumental singular)
okapami (instrumental plural)
okapie (locative singular)
okapach (locative plural)
okapie (singular vocative)
okapy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapъ, from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapati.

(geology) overhang, cornice (horizontal fragment protruding from a rock face)


heliotrop

pl-noun

heliotrop m inan (related adjective heliotropowy)

heliotropowy (adjective)
heliotrop (nominative singular)
heliotropy (nominative plural)
heliotropu (genitive singular)
heliotropów (genitive plural)
heliotropowi (dative singular)
heliotropom (dative plural)
heliotrop (accusative singular)
heliotropy (accusative plural)
heliotropem (instrumental singular)
heliotropami (instrumental plural)
heliotropie (locative singular)
heliotropach (locative plural)
heliotropie (singular vocative)
heliotropy (plural vocative)

(mineralogy) bloodstone, ematille, heliotrope

(mineralogy) carnelian (reddish brown chalcedony)

(surveying) heliotrope (instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling or triangulation)


warstwa

warstwa f (diminutive warstewka, related adjective warstwowy)

warstewka (diminutive)
warstwowy (adjective)
warstwa (nominative singular)
warstwy (nominative plural)
warstwy (genitive singular)
warstw (genitive plural)
warstwie (dative singular)
warstwom (dative plural)
warstwę (accusative singular)
warstwy (accusative plural)
warstwą (instrumental singular)
warstwami (instrumental plural)
warstwie (locative singular)
warstwach (locative plural)
warstwo (singular vocative)
warstwy (plural vocative)
warsta (alternative obsolete)
warszta (alternative)
warzta (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrstva. First attested in the 16th century. Doublet of wiorsta.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “warstwa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(geology) layer, bed, stratum (layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout)


trzęsienie ziemi

trzęsienie ziemi (nominative singular)
trzęsienia ziemi (nominative plural)
trzęsienia ziemi (genitive singular)
trzęsień ziemi (genitive plural)
trzęsieniu ziemi (dative singular)
trzęsieniom ziemi (dative plural)
trzęsienie ziemi (accusative singular)
trzęsienia ziemi (accusative plural)
trzęsieniem ziemi (instrumental singular)
trzęsieniami ziemi (instrumental plural)
trzęsieniu ziemi (locative singular)
trzęsieniach ziemi (locative plural)
trzęsienie ziemi (singular vocative)
trzęsienia ziemi (plural vocative)

/tʂɛw̃ˈɕɛ.ɲɛ ˈʑɛ.mi/

/tʂɛɲˈɕɛ.ɲɛ ˈʑɛ.mi/

(geology, seismology) earthquake (shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults)


blenda

blenda (nominative singular)
blendy (nominative plural)
blendy (genitive singular)
blend (genitive plural)
blendzie (dative singular)
blendom (dative plural)
blendę (accusative singular)
blendy (accusative plural)
blendą (instrumental singular)
blendami (instrumental plural)
blendzie (locative singular)
blendach (locative plural)
blendo (singular vocative)
blendy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Blende. First attested in 1782.

blenda cynkowa

blenda smolista/uranowa


torf

torf (nominative singular)
torfu (genitive singular)
torfowi (dative singular)
torf (accusative singular)
torfem (instrumental singular)
torfie (locative singular)
torfie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.


rów

rowek (diminutive)
rów (nominative singular)
rowy (nominative plural)
rowu (genitive singular)
rowów (genitive plural)
rowowi (dative singular)
rowom (dative plural)
rów (accusative singular)
rowy (accusative plural)
rowem (instrumental singular)
rowami (instrumental plural)
rowie (locative singular)
rowach (locative plural)
rowie (singular vocative)
rowy (plural vocative)

(geology) Ellipsis of rów tektoniczny (“graben”).


poziomica

poziomica (nominative singular)
poziomice (nominative plural)
poziomicy (genitive singular)
poziomic (genitive plural)
poziomicy (dative singular)
poziomicom (dative plural)
poziomicę (accusative singular)
poziomice (accusative plural)
poziomicą (instrumental singular)
poziomicami (instrumental plural)
poziomicy (locative singular)
poziomicach (locative plural)
poziomico (singular vocative)
poziomice (plural vocative)


horyzont

horyzont (nominative singular)
horyzonty (nominative plural)
horyzontu (genitive singular)
horyzontów (genitive plural)
horyzontowi (dative singular)
horyzontom (dative plural)
horyzont (accusative singular)
horyzonty (accusative plural)
horyzontem (instrumental singular)
horyzontami (instrumental plural)
horyzoncie (locative singular)
horyzontach (locative plural)
horyzoncie (singular vocative)
horyzonty (plural vocative)

(geology) horizon (line that appears to separate the Earth from the sky)


świadek

pl-noun

świadek m pers (female equivalent świadkowa)

świadkowa (feminine)
świadek (nominative singular)
świadkowie (nominative plural)
świadki (derogatory nominative plural)
świadka (genitive singular)
świadków (genitive plural)
świadkowi (dative singular)
świadkom (dative plural)
świadka (accusative singular)
świadków (accusative plural)
świadkiem (instrumental singular)
świadkami (instrumental plural)
świadku (locative singular)
świadkach (locative plural)
świadku (singular vocative)
świadkowie (plural vocative)

(obsolete, geography, geology) residual detached elevation of land, part of an originally uniform upland


antropogeografia

antropogeografia (nominative singular)
antropogeografii (genitive singular)
antropogeografii (dative singular)
antropogeografię (accusative singular)
antropogeografią (instrumental singular)
antropogeografii (locative singular)
antropogeografio (singular vocative)

(anthropology, geography) human geography, anthropogeography


biogeografia

biogeografia (nominative singular)
biogeografii (genitive singular)
biogeografii (dative singular)
biogeografię (accusative singular)
biogeografią (instrumental singular)
biogeografii (locative singular)
biogeografio (singular vocative)

From bio- + geografia. First attested in 1900, but in common usage only as of 1933.


cyrk

cyrk (nominative singular)
cyrki (nominative plural)
cyrku (genitive singular)
cyrków (genitive plural)
cyrkowi (dative singular)
cyrkom (dative plural)
cyrk (accusative singular)
cyrki (accusative plural)
cyrkiem (instrumental singular)
cyrkami (instrumental plural)
cyrku (locative singular)
cyrkach (locative plural)
cyrku (singular vocative)
cyrki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English circus, French cirque, German Zirkus, ultimately from Latin circus, from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos). Doublet of kark.


cynober

pl-noun

cynober m inan (related adjective cynobrowy)

cynobrowy (adjective)
cynober (nominative singular)
cynobru (genitive singular)
cynobrowi (dative singular)
cynober (accusative singular)
cynobrem (instrumental singular)
cynobrze (locative singular)
cynobrze (singular vocative)
cenober (alternative obsolete)
cynobr (alternative obsolete)
cenobr (alternative obsolete)
cymber (alternative obsolete)

(mineralogy) cinnabar (deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion)


gejzer

gejzer (nominative singular)
gejzery (nominative plural)
gejzeru (genitive singular)
gejzerów (genitive plural)
gejzerowi (dative singular)
gejzerom (dative plural)
gejzer (accusative singular)
gejzery (accusative plural)
gejzerem (instrumental singular)
gejzerami (instrumental plural)
gejzerze (locative singular)
gejzerach (locative plural)
gejzerze (singular vocative)
gejzery (plural vocative)

(planetology, volcanology) geyser (boiling spring)


salmiak

salmiak m inan (related adjective salmiakowy)

salmiakowy (adjective)
salmiak (nominative singular)
salmiaki (nominative plural)
salmiaku (genitive singular)
salmiaków (genitive plural)
salmiakowi (dative singular)
salmiakom (dative plural)
salmiak (accusative singular)
salmiaki (accusative plural)
salmiakiem (instrumental singular)
salmiakami (instrumental plural)
salmiaku (locative singular)
salmiakach (locative plural)
salmiaku (singular vocative)
salmiaki (plural vocative)
salmijak (alternative Middle Polish)
sałmijak (alternative Middle Polish)

(mineralogy) Ellipsis of salmiak rodzimy (“sal ammoniac, salmiac”).


kwarc

kwarc (nominative singular)
kwarce (nominative plural)
kwarcu (genitive singular)
kwarców (genitive plural)
kwarcowi (dative singular)
kwarcom (dative plural)
kwarc (accusative singular)
kwarce (accusative plural)
kwarcem (instrumental singular)
kwarcami (instrumental plural)
kwarcu (locative singular)
kwarcach (locative plural)
kwarcu (singular vocative)
kwarce (plural vocative)
kwarzec (alternative)

Borrowed from German Quarz, from Middle High German quarz, from twarc, from a West Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of kwarzec and twardy.

(mineralogy, uncountable) quartz (mineral)


szerokość geograficzna

szerokość geograficzna (nominative singular)
szerokości geograficzne (nominative plural)
szerokości geograficznej (genitive singular)
szerokości geograficznych (genitive plural)
szerokości geograficznej (dative singular)
szerokościom geograficznym (dative plural)
szerokość geograficzną (accusative singular)
szerokości geograficzne (accusative plural)
szerokością geograficzną (instrumental singular)
szerokościami geograficznymi (instrumental plural)
szerokości geograficznej (locative singular)
szerokościach geograficznych (locative plural)
szerokości geograficzna (singular vocative)
szerokości geograficzne (plural vocative)

(geography) latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator)


filar

filar (nominative singular)
filary (nominative plural)
filaru (genitive singular)
filara (genitive singular)
filarów (genitive plural)
filarowi (dative singular)
filarom (dative plural)
filar (accusative singular)
filary (accusative plural)
filarem (instrumental singular)
filarami (instrumental plural)
filarze (locative singular)
filarach (locative plural)
filarze (singular vocative)
filary (plural vocative)

From Latin pilare, from pila (“column”).


alidada

alidada (nominative singular)
alidady (nominative plural)
alidady (genitive singular)
alidad (genitive plural)
alidadzie (dative singular)
alidadom (dative plural)
alidadę (accusative singular)
alidady (accusative plural)
alidadą (instrumental singular)
alidadami (instrumental plural)
alidadzie (locative singular)
alidadach (locative plural)
alidado (singular vocative)
alidady (plural vocative)
alhidada (alternative Middle Polish)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin alhidada, from Arabic العِضَادَة (al-ʕiḍāda). First attested in 1683.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (02.04.2009) “ALHIDADA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(astronomy, cartography, surveying) alidade


orografia

orografia (nominative singular)
orografii (genitive singular)
orografii (dative singular)
orografię (accusative singular)
orografią (instrumental singular)
orografii (locative singular)
orografio (singular vocative)

(geomorphology) orography (scientific study, or a physical description, of mountains)


bentos

bentos (nominative singular)
bentosu (genitive singular)
bentosowi (dative singular)
bentos (accusative singular)
bentosem (instrumental singular)
bentosie (locative singular)
bentosie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βένθος (bénthos).


diament

pl-noun

diament m inan (diminutive diamencik, related adjective diamentowy)

diamencik (diminutive)
diamentowy (adjective)
diament (nominative singular)
diamenty (nominative plural)
diamentu (genitive singular)
diamentów (genitive plural)
diamentowi (dative singular)
diamentom (dative plural)
diament (accusative singular)
diamenty (accusative plural)
diamentem (instrumental singular)
diamentami (instrumental plural)
diamencie (locative singular)
diamentach (locative plural)
diamencie (singular vocative)
diamenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German dīamant, from Old French diamant, from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas). Doublet of adamant.


szkliwo

szkliwo (nominative singular)
szkliwa (nominative plural)
szkliwa (genitive singular)
szkliw (genitive plural)
szkliwu (dative singular)
szkliwom (dative plural)
szkliwo (accusative singular)
szkliwa (accusative plural)
szkliwem (instrumental singular)
szkliwami (instrumental plural)
szkliwie (locative singular)
szkliwach (locative plural)
szkliwo (singular vocative)
szkliwa (plural vocative)

szkliwo wulkaniczne


ił

ił (nominative singular)
iły (nominative plural)
iłu (genitive singular)
iłów (genitive plural)
iłowi (dative singular)
iłom (dative plural)
ił (accusative singular)
iły (accusative plural)
iłem (instrumental singular)
iłami (instrumental plural)
ile (locative singular)
iłach (locative plural)
ile (singular vocative)
iły (plural vocative)


biegun

pl-noun

biegun m inan (related adjective biegunowy)

biegunowy (adjective)
biegun (nominative singular)
bieguny (nominative plural)
bieguna (genitive singular)
biegunów (genitive plural)
biegunowi (dative singular)
biegunom (dative plural)
biegun (accusative singular)
bieguny (accusative plural)
biegunem (instrumental singular)
biegunami (instrumental plural)
biegunie (locative singular)
biegunach (locative plural)
biegunie (singular vocative)
bieguny (plural vocative)
biegan (alternative Middle Polish)
biegon (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish biegun. By surface analysis, bieg + -un. Sense 1, sense 2 and sense 3 are semantic loans from Greek πόλος (pólos). Doublet of Bihun.


przerwa

przerwa (nominative singular)
przerwy (nominative plural)
przerwy (genitive singular)
przerw (genitive plural)
przerwie (dative singular)
przerwom (dative plural)
przerwę (accusative singular)
przerwy (accusative plural)
przerwą (instrumental singular)
przerwami (instrumental plural)
przerwie (locative singular)
przerwach (locative plural)
przerwo (singular vocative)
przerwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish przerwa. By surface analysis, deverbal from przerwać.

surf

(obsolete, geography) current that a river has carved out through a tussock or a sandy island


wstrząs

wstrząs (nominative singular)
wstrząsy (nominative plural)
wstrząsu (genitive singular)
wstrząsów (genitive plural)
wstrząsowi (dative singular)
wstrząsom (dative plural)
wstrząs (accusative singular)
wstrząsy (accusative plural)
wstrząsem (instrumental singular)
wstrząsami (instrumental plural)
wstrząsie (locative singular)
wstrząsach (locative plural)
wstrząsie (singular vocative)
wstrząsy (plural vocative)


asteryzm

asteryzm (nominative singular)
asteryzmy (nominative plural)
asteryzmu (genitive singular)
asteryzmów (genitive plural)
asteryzmowi (dative singular)
asteryzmom (dative plural)
asteryzm (accusative singular)
asteryzmy (accusative plural)
asteryzmem (instrumental singular)
asteryzmami (instrumental plural)
asteryzmie (locative singular)
asteryzmach (locative plural)
asteryzmie (singular vocative)
asteryzmy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀστερισμός (asterismós).


mazut

pl-noun

mazut m inan (related adjective mazutowy)

mazutowy (adjective)
mazut (nominative singular)
mazuty (nominative plural)
mazutu (genitive singular)
mazutów (genitive plural)
mazutowi (dative singular)
mazutom (dative plural)
mazut (accusative singular)
mazuty (accusative plural)
mazutem (instrumental singular)
mazutami (instrumental plural)
mazucie (locative singular)
mazutach (locative plural)
mazucie (singular vocative)
mazuty (plural vocative)

(petrochemistry) mazut (heavy, low-quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications, or broken down to produce diesel)


autochtoniczny

pl-adj

autochtoniczny (not comparable, derived adverb autochtonicznie)

autochtoniczny (masculine nominative singular)
autochtoniczna (feminine nominative singular)
autochtoniczne (neuter nominative singular)
autochtoniczni (nominative plural virile)
autochtoniczne (nominative plural)
autochtonicznego (genitive masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (feminine genitive singular)
autochtonicznego (genitive neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (genitive plural)
autochtonicznych (genitive plural virile)
autochtonicznemu (dative masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (dative feminine singular)
autochtonicznemu (dative neuter singular)
autochtonicznym (dative plural)
autochtonicznym (dative plural virile)
autochtonicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
autochtoniczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
autochtoniczną (accusative feminine singular)
autochtoniczne (accusative neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (accusative plural virile)
autochtoniczne (accusative plural)
autochtonicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
autochtoniczną (feminine instrumental singular)
autochtonicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
autochtonicznymi (instrumental plural)
autochtonicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
autochtonicznym (locative masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (feminine locative singular)
autochtonicznym (locative neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (locative plural)
autochtonicznych (locative plural virile)

(relational, geology, botany) autochthonous


krzemionka

krzemionka (nominative singular)
krzemionki (genitive singular)
krzemionce (dative singular)
krzemionkę (accusative singular)
krzemionką (instrumental singular)
krzemionce (locative singular)
krzemionko (singular vocative)


azuryt

azuryt (nominative singular)
azuryty (nominative plural)
azurytu (genitive singular)
azurytów (genitive plural)
azurytowi (dative singular)
azurytom (dative plural)
azuryt (accusative singular)
azuryty (accusative plural)
azurytem (instrumental singular)
azurytami (instrumental plural)
azurycie (locative singular)
azurytach (locative plural)
azurycie (singular vocative)
azuryty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English azurite, from Persian لاژورد (lâžvard, “blue color”).


piroksen

piroksen (nominative singular)
pirokseny (nominative plural)
piroksenu (genitive singular)
piroksenów (genitive plural)
piroksenowi (dative singular)
piroksenom (dative plural)
piroksen (accusative singular)
pirokseny (accusative plural)
piroksenem (instrumental singular)
piroksenami (instrumental plural)
piroksenie (locative singular)
piroksenach (locative plural)
piroksenie (singular vocative)
pirokseny (plural vocative)


amazonit

amazonit (nominative singular)
amazonity (nominative plural)
amazonitu (genitive singular)
amazonitów (genitive plural)
amazonitowi (dative singular)
amazonitom (dative plural)
amazonit (accusative singular)
amazonity (accusative plural)
amazonitem (instrumental singular)
amazonitami (instrumental plural)
amazonicie (locative singular)
amazonitach (locative plural)
amazonicie (singular vocative)
amazonity (plural vocative)

From Amazonka + -it. First attested in 1883.

ref

Encyklopedyja powszechna S. Orgelbranda: Nowe stereotypowe odbicie, Volume 1 (1883) S. Orgelbranda (in Polish), page 141

(mineralogy) amazonite (green tectosilicate mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline)


Tetyda

Tetyda (nominative singular)
Tetydy (genitive singular)
Tetydzie (dative singular)
Tetydę (accusative singular)
Tetydą (instrumental singular)
Tetydzie (locative singular)
Tetydo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τηθύς (Tēthús).


tektonika

tektonika (nominative singular)
tektoniki (genitive singular)
tektonice (dative singular)
tektonikę (accusative singular)
tektoniką (instrumental singular)
tektonice (locative singular)
tektoniko (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós, “practised or skilled in building”).


antarktyczny

pl-adj

antarktyczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

antarktyczny (masculine nominative singular)
antarktyczna (feminine nominative singular)
antarktyczne (neuter nominative singular)
antarktyczni (nominative plural virile)
antarktyczne (nominative plural)
antarktycznego (genitive masculine singular)
antarktycznej (feminine genitive singular)
antarktycznego (genitive neuter singular)
antarktycznych (genitive plural)
antarktycznych (genitive plural virile)
antarktycznemu (dative masculine singular)
antarktycznej (dative feminine singular)
antarktycznemu (dative neuter singular)
antarktycznym (dative plural)
antarktycznym (dative plural virile)
antarktycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
antarktyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
antarktyczną (accusative feminine singular)
antarktyczne (accusative neuter singular)
antarktycznych (accusative plural virile)
antarktyczne (accusative plural)
antarktycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
antarktyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
antarktycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
antarktycznymi (instrumental plural)
antarktycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
antarktycznym (locative masculine singular)
antarktycznej (feminine locative singular)
antarktycznym (locative neuter singular)
antarktycznych (locative plural)
antarktycznych (locative plural virile)

(geography, relational) Antarctic (of Antarctica)


turkus

turkusik (diminutive)
turkus (nominative singular)
turkusy (nominative plural)
turkusu (genitive singular)
turkusów (genitive plural)
turkusowi (dative singular)
turkusom (dative plural)
turkus (accusative singular)
turkusy (accusative plural)
turkusem (instrumental singular)
turkusami (instrumental plural)
turkusie (locative singular)
turkusach (locative plural)
turkusie (singular vocative)
turkusy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare Czech tyrkys, German Türkis, Italian turchese, ultimately from Old French turquoise.

(mineralogy) turquoise (semiprecious stone)


muton

muton (nominative singular)
mutony (nominative plural)
mutonu (genitive singular)
mutonów (genitive plural)
mutonowi (dative singular)
mutonom (dative plural)
muton (accusative singular)
mutony (accusative plural)
mutonem (instrumental singular)
mutonami (instrumental plural)
mutonie (locative singular)
mutonach (locative plural)
mutonie (singular vocative)
mutony (plural vocative)

(geography, glaciology) roche moutonnée, sheepback


antyklina

antyklina (nominative singular)
antykliny (nominative plural)
antykliny (genitive singular)
antyklin (genitive plural)
antyklinie (dative singular)
antyklinom (dative plural)
antyklinę (accusative singular)
antykliny (accusative plural)
antykliną (instrumental singular)
antyklinami (instrumental plural)
antyklinie (locative singular)
antyklinach (locative plural)
antyklino (singular vocative)
antykliny (plural vocative)

From anty- Ancient Greek κλίνειν (klínein).

Przekrój poprzeczny obu powyższych podolsko-karpackich antyklin wielkopromieniowych odpowiada zarówno na Podolu, podług hipsometryj pokryw skalnych, jak i na Podkarpaciu, podług seismiki podłoża, osobliwszemu typowi antyklin.

1933, Kosmos: czasopismo Polskiego towarzystwa przyrodników im. Kopernika …:

The transverse intersection of both of the above Podolian-Carpathian mutli-layered anticlines is responsible both in both Podole, along the hypsometric rocky covers, and in Sub-Carpathia, along the seismic substrate, for more particular types of anticlines.

Na południe od elewacji radomszczańskiej znajduje się niecka włoszczowska wypełniona spokojnie zalegającymi osadami kredowymi. Jedynie w jej centralnej części, w pobliżu Secemina, znajduje się słabo zaznaczona antyklina.

1986, Studia Ośrodka Dokumentacji Fizjograficznej:

Towards the south from the elevation of Radomsko, the Włoszczowa basin, filled peacefully with default chalk settlements, can be found. Only in its central aprt, near Secemin, a weakly marked anticline can be found.

Obecnie stwierdza się 32 wychodnie utworów mioceńskich powyżej zwierciadła wód zbiornika. Bieg osi antyklin i synklin wykazuje generalnie kierunek NW-SE.

1994, Mieczysław Banach, “Morfodynamika strefy brzegowej zbiornika Włocławek”, in IGiPZ PAN, →ISBN, page 27:

Currently it is claimed that 32 outcroppings of Miocene pieces above the water collecter's mirror. The anticlines' and synclines' tilt generally show a direcetion of NW-SE.


jurajski

jurajski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

jurajski (masculine nominative singular)
jurajska (feminine nominative singular)
jurajskie (neuter nominative singular)
jurajscy (nominative plural virile)
jurajskie (nominative plural)
jurajskiego (genitive masculine singular)
jurajskiej (feminine genitive singular)
jurajskiego (genitive neuter singular)
jurajskich (genitive plural)
jurajskich (genitive plural virile)
jurajskiemu (dative masculine singular)
jurajskiej (dative feminine singular)
jurajskiemu (dative neuter singular)
jurajskim (dative plural)
jurajskim (dative plural virile)
jurajskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
jurajski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
jurajską (accusative feminine singular)
jurajskie (accusative neuter singular)
jurajskich (accusative plural virile)
jurajskie (accusative plural)
jurajskim (instrumental masculine singular)
jurajską (feminine instrumental singular)
jurajskim (instrumental neuter singular)
jurajskimi (instrumental plural)
jurajskimi (instrumental plural virile)
jurajskim (locative masculine singular)
jurajskiej (feminine locative singular)
jurajskim (locative neuter singular)
jurajskich (locative plural)
jurajskich (locative plural virile)

(geology, paleontology, relational) Jurassic (of period from 200 to 145 million years ago)


kalcyt

kalcyt (nominative singular)
kalcytu (genitive singular)
kalcytowi (dative singular)
kalcyt (accusative singular)
kalcytem (instrumental singular)
kalcycie (locative singular)
kalcycie (singular vocative)


arktyczny

arktyczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

arktyczny (masculine nominative singular)
arktyczna (feminine nominative singular)
arktyczne (neuter nominative singular)
arktyczni (nominative plural virile)
arktyczne (nominative plural)
arktycznego (genitive masculine singular)
arktycznej (feminine genitive singular)
arktycznego (genitive neuter singular)
arktycznych (genitive plural)
arktycznych (genitive plural virile)
arktycznemu (dative masculine singular)
arktycznej (dative feminine singular)
arktycznemu (dative neuter singular)
arktycznym (dative plural)
arktycznym (dative plural virile)
arktycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
arktyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
arktyczną (accusative feminine singular)
arktyczne (accusative neuter singular)
arktycznych (accusative plural virile)
arktyczne (accusative plural)
arktycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
arktyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
arktycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
arktycznymi (instrumental plural)
arktycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
arktycznym (locative masculine singular)
arktycznej (feminine locative singular)
arktycznym (locative neuter singular)
arktycznych (locative plural)
arktycznych (locative plural virile)

(geography, relational) Arctic (pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet)


martwica

pl-noun

martwica f (related adjective martwicowy or martwiczy)

martwicowy (adjective)
martwiczy (adjective)
martwica (nominative singular)
martwicy (genitive singular)
martwicy (dative singular)
martwicę (accusative singular)
martwicą (instrumental singular)
martwicy (locative singular)
martwico (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mьrtvica. By surface analysis, martwy + -ica.

(geology, metallurgy) sinter (alluvial sediment)


krwawnik

krwawnik m inan (related adjective krwawnikowy)

krwawnikowy (adjective)
krwawnik (nominative singular)
krwawniki (nominative plural)
krwawnika (genitive singular)
krwawników (genitive plural)
krwawnikowi (dative singular)
krwawnikom (dative plural)
krwawnik (accusative singular)
krwawniki (accusative plural)
krwawnikiem (instrumental singular)
krwawnikami (instrumental plural)
krwawniku (locative singular)
krwawnikach (locative plural)
krwawniku (singular vocative)
krwawniki (plural vocative)

(mineralogy) carnelian (reddish brown chalcedony)

(mineralogy) hematite (iron ore, mainly peroxide of iron, Fe2O3)


piryt

piryt (nominative singular)
piryty (nominative plural)
pirytu (genitive singular)
pirytów (genitive plural)
pirytowi (dative singular)
pirytom (dative plural)
piryt (accusative singular)
piryty (accusative plural)
pirytem (instrumental singular)
pirytami (instrumental plural)
pirycie (locative singular)
pirytach (locative plural)
pirycie (singular vocative)
piryty (plural vocative)

From Latin pȳritēs, from Ancient Greek πυρίτης λίθος (purítēs líthos, “stone of fire, flint”).

der

πυρίτης λίθος


malachit

malachit (nominative singular)
malachity (nominative plural)
malachitu (genitive singular)
malachitów (genitive plural)
malachitowi (dative singular)
malachitom (dative plural)
malachit (accusative singular)
malachity (accusative plural)
malachitem (instrumental singular)
malachitami (instrumental plural)
malachicie (locative singular)
malachitach (locative plural)
malachicie (singular vocative)
malachity (plural vocative)


złotonośny

pl-adj

złotonośny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

złotonośny (masculine nominative singular)
złotonośna (feminine nominative singular)
złotonośne (neuter nominative singular)
złotonośni (nominative plural virile)
złotonośne (nominative plural)
złotonośnego (genitive masculine singular)
złotonośnej (feminine genitive singular)
złotonośnego (genitive neuter singular)
złotonośnych (genitive plural)
złotonośnych (genitive plural virile)
złotonośnemu (dative masculine singular)
złotonośnej (dative feminine singular)
złotonośnemu (dative neuter singular)
złotonośnym (dative plural)
złotonośnym (dative plural virile)
złotonośnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
złotonośny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
złotonośną (accusative feminine singular)
złotonośne (accusative neuter singular)
złotonośnych (accusative plural virile)
złotonośne (accusative plural)
złotonośnym (instrumental masculine singular)
złotonośną (feminine instrumental singular)
złotonośnym (instrumental neuter singular)
złotonośnymi (instrumental plural)
złotonośnymi (instrumental plural virile)
złotonośnym (locative masculine singular)
złotonośnej (feminine locative singular)
złotonośnym (locative neuter singular)
złotonośnych (locative plural)
złotonośnych (locative plural virile)


katastroficzny

katastroficzny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

katastroficzny (masculine nominative singular)
katastroficzna (feminine nominative singular)
katastroficzne (neuter nominative singular)
katastroficzni (nominative plural virile)
katastroficzne (nominative plural)
katastroficznego (genitive masculine singular)
katastroficznej (feminine genitive singular)
katastroficznego (genitive neuter singular)
katastroficznych (genitive plural)
katastroficznych (genitive plural virile)
katastroficznemu (dative masculine singular)
katastroficznej (dative feminine singular)
katastroficznemu (dative neuter singular)
katastroficznym (dative plural)
katastroficznym (dative plural virile)
katastroficznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
katastroficzny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
katastroficzną (accusative feminine singular)
katastroficzne (accusative neuter singular)
katastroficznych (accusative plural virile)
katastroficzne (accusative plural)
katastroficznym (instrumental masculine singular)
katastroficzną (feminine instrumental singular)
katastroficznym (instrumental neuter singular)
katastroficznymi (instrumental plural)
katastroficznymi (instrumental plural virile)
katastroficznym (locative masculine singular)
katastroficznej (feminine locative singular)
katastroficznym (locative neuter singular)
katastroficznych (locative plural)
katastroficznych (locative plural virile)


awen

awenowy (adjective)
awen (nominative singular)
aweny (nominative plural)
awenu (genitive singular)
awenów (genitive plural)
awenowi (dative singular)
awenom (dative plural)
awen (accusative singular)
aweny (accusative plural)
awenem (instrumental singular)
awenami (instrumental plural)
awenie (locative singular)
awenach (locative plural)
awenie (singular vocative)
aweny (plural vocative)

(geology) aven (vertical shaft leading upward from a cave passage, sometimes connecting with passages above)


cielsko

cielsko (nominative singular)
cielska (nominative plural)
cielska (genitive singular)
cielsk (genitive plural)
cielsku (dative singular)
cielskom (dative plural)
cielsko (accusative singular)
cielska (accusative plural)
cielskem (instrumental singular)
cielskami (instrumental plural)
cielsku (locative singular)
cielskach (locative plural)
cielsko (singular vocative)
cielska (plural vocative)


tropik

tropik (nominative singular)
tropiki (nominative plural)
tropika (genitive singular)
tropików (genitive plural)
tropikowi (dative singular)
tropikom (dative plural)
tropik (accusative singular)
tropiki (accusative plural)
tropikiem (instrumental singular)
tropikami (instrumental plural)
tropiku (locative singular)
tropikach (locative plural)
tropiku (singular vocative)
tropiki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French tropique, from Late Latin tropicus, from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós).


mika

mikowy (adjective)
mika (nominative singular)
miki (nominative plural)
miki (genitive singular)
mik (genitive plural)
mice (dative singular)
mikom (dative plural)
mikę (accusative singular)
miki (accusative plural)
miką (instrumental singular)
mikami (instrumental plural)
mice (locative singular)
mikach (locative plural)
miko (singular vocative)
miki (plural vocative)

(mineralogy) mica (hydrous aluminosilicate mineral)


szlam

szlamik (diminutive)
szlam (nominative singular)
szlamy (nominative plural)
szlamu (genitive singular)
szlamów (genitive plural)
szlamowi (dative singular)
szlamom (dative plural)
szlam (accusative singular)
szlamy (accusative plural)
szlamem (instrumental singular)
szlamami (instrumental plural)
szlamie (locative singular)
szlamach (locative plural)
szlamie (singular vocative)
szlamy (plural vocative)

szlam i muł

(geology) slime, sludge, slurry (natural muddy sediment accumulating on the bottom and banks of water bodies)


wyż

wyż (nominative singular)
wyże (nominative plural)
wyżu (genitive singular)
wyżów (genitive plural)
wyżowi (dative singular)
wyżom (dative plural)
wyż (accusative singular)
wyże (accusative plural)
wyżem (instrumental singular)
wyżami (instrumental plural)
wyżu (locative singular)
wyżach (locative plural)
wyżu (singular vocative)
wyże (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wysza, from Proto-Slavic *vysьja, influenced by wyższy.

(geography) upland (area of high elevation)


aragonit

aragonit (nominative singular)
aragonity (nominative plural)
aragonitu (genitive singular)
aragonitów (genitive plural)
aragonitowi (dative singular)
aragonitom (dative plural)
aragonit (accusative singular)
aragonity (accusative plural)
aragonitem (instrumental singular)
aragonitami (instrumental plural)
aragonicie (locative singular)
aragonitach (locative plural)
aragonicie (singular vocative)
aragonity (plural vocative)


bentonit

bentonit (nominative singular)
bentonity (nominative plural)
bentonitu (genitive singular)
bentonitów (genitive plural)
bentonitowi (dative singular)
bentonitom (dative plural)
bentonit (accusative singular)
bentonity (accusative plural)
bentonitem (instrumental singular)
bentonitami (instrumental plural)
bentonicie (locative singular)
bentonitach (locative plural)
bentonicie (singular vocative)
bentonity (plural vocative)

Internationalism, compare English bentonite. Ultimately from English Fort Benton + -it.


-yt

-yt (nominative singular)
-yty (nominative plural)
-ytu (genitive singular)
-ytów (genitive plural)
-ytowi (dative singular)
-ytom (dative plural)
-yt (accusative singular)
-yty (accusative plural)
-ytem (instrumental singular)
-ytami (instrumental plural)
-ycie (locative singular)
-ytach (locative plural)
-ycie (singular vocative)
-yty (plural vocative)

Alaska + -yt → alaskit

(mineralogy, inorganic chemistry) Alternative form of -it


ambona

ambonka (diminutive)
ambona (nominative singular)
ambony (nominative plural)
ambony (genitive singular)
ambon (genitive plural)
ambonie (dative singular)
ambonom (dative plural)
ambonę (accusative singular)
ambony (accusative plural)
amboną (instrumental singular)
ambonami (instrumental plural)
ambonie (locative singular)
ambonach (locative plural)
ambono (singular vocative)
ambony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian ambone, from Late Latin ambō, from Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn). First attested in 1600.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ambona”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(geography) shelf (stone sticking out of a mountainside)


twardziel

twardziel (nominative singular)
twardziele (nominative plural)
twardzielu (genitive singular)
twardzieli (genitive plural)
twardzielowi (dative singular)
twardzielom (dative plural)
twardziel (accusative singular)
twardziele (accusative plural)
twardzielem (instrumental singular)
twardzielami (instrumental plural)
twardzielu (locative singular)
twardzielach (locative plural)
twardzielu (singular vocative)
twardziele (plural vocative)


współrzędna

współrzędna (nominative singular)
współrzędne (nominative plural)
współrzędnej (genitive singular)
współrzędnych (genitive plural)
współrzędnej (dative singular)
współrzędnym (dative plural)
współrzędną (accusative singular)
współrzędne (accusative plural)
współrzędną (instrumental singular)
współrzędnymi (instrumental plural)
współrzędnej (locative singular)
współrzędnych (locative plural)
współrzędna (singular vocative)
współrzędne (plural vocative)

Ellipsis of linia współrzędna. Calque of English coordinate, French coordonnée, German Koordinate, and Russian координа́та (koordináta).

(nominalized, cartography) coordinate (number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure in a geographic coordinate system)


zasięg

zasięg (nominative singular)
zasięgi (nominative plural)
zasięgu (genitive singular)
zasięgów (genitive plural)
zasięgowi (dative singular)
zasięgom (dative plural)
zasięg (accusative singular)
zasięgi (accusative plural)
zasięgiem (instrumental singular)
zasięgami (instrumental plural)
zasięgu (locative singular)
zasięgach (locative plural)
zasięgu (singular vocative)
zasięgi (plural vocative)


zasilanie

zasilanie (nominative singular)
zasilania (genitive singular)
zasilaniu (dative singular)
zasilanie (accusative singular)
zasilaniem (instrumental singular)
zasilaniu (locative singular)
zasilanie (singular vocative)

(hydrology) recharge (replenishment of water resources)


łupek

łupek (nominative singular)
łupki (nominative plural)
łupku (genitive singular)
łupków (genitive plural)
łupkowi (dative singular)
łupkom (dative plural)
łupek (accusative singular)
łupki (accusative plural)
łupkiem (instrumental singular)
łupkami (instrumental plural)
łupku (locative singular)
łupkach (locative plural)
łupku (singular vocative)
łupki (plural vocative)

(geology) slate, shale (metamorphic rock)


łupek ilasty

łupek ilasty (nominative singular)
łupki ilaste (nominative plural)
łupku ilastego (genitive singular)
łupków ilastych (genitive plural)
łupkowi ilastemu (dative singular)
łupkom ilastym (dative plural)
łupek ilasty (accusative singular)
łupki ilaste (accusative plural)
łupkiem ilastym (instrumental singular)
łupkami ilastymi (instrumental plural)
łupku ilastym (locative singular)
łupkach ilastych (locative plural)
łupku ilasty (singular vocative)
łupki ilaste (plural vocative)


iłowiec

iłowiec (nominative singular)
iłowce (nominative plural)
iłowca (genitive singular)
iłowców (genitive plural)
iłowcowi (dative singular)
iłowcom (dative plural)
iłowiec (accusative singular)
iłowce (accusative plural)
iłowcem (instrumental singular)
iłowcami (instrumental plural)
iłowcu (locative singular)
iłowcach (locative plural)
iłowcu (singular vocative)
iłowce (plural vocative)


mułowiec

mułowiec (nominative singular)
mułowca (genitive singular)
mułowcowi (dative singular)
mułowiec (accusative singular)
mułowcem (instrumental singular)
mułowcu (locative singular)
mułowcu (singular vocative)


łyszczyk

łyszczyk (nominative singular)
łyszczyki (nominative plural)
łyszczyku (genitive singular)
łyszczyków (genitive plural)
łyszczykowi (dative singular)
łyszczykom (dative plural)
łyszczyk (accusative singular)
łyszczyki (accusative plural)
łyszczykiem (instrumental singular)
łyszczykami (instrumental plural)
łyszczyku (locative singular)
łyszczykach (locative plural)
łyszczyku (singular vocative)
łyszczyki (plural vocative)

/ˈwɘʂ.t͡ʂɘk/


rogowiec

rogowiec (nominative singular)
rogowce (nominative plural)
rogowca (genitive singular)
rogowców (genitive plural)
rogowcowi (dative singular)
rogowcom (dative plural)
rogowiec (accusative singular)
rogowce (accusative plural)
rogowcem (instrumental singular)
rogowcami (instrumental plural)
rogowcu (locative singular)
rogowcach (locative plural)
rogowcu (singular vocative)
rogowce (plural vocative)


wietrzenie

wietrzenie (nominative singular)
wietrzenia (nominative plural)
wietrzenia (genitive singular)
wietrzeń (genitive plural)
wietrzeniu (dative singular)
wietrzeniom (dative plural)
wietrzenie (accusative singular)
wietrzenia (accusative plural)
wietrzeniem (instrumental singular)
wietrzeniami (instrumental plural)
wietrzeniu (locative singular)
wietrzeniach (locative plural)
wietrzenie (singular vocative)
wietrzenia (plural vocative)

/vjɛˈtʂɛ.ɲɛ/


rewa

rewa (nominative singular)
rewy (nominative plural)
rewy (genitive singular)
rew (genitive plural)
rewie (dative singular)
rewom (dative plural)
rewę (accusative singular)
rewy (accusative plural)
rewą (instrumental singular)
rewami (instrumental plural)
rewie (locative singular)
rewach (locative plural)
rewo (singular vocative)
rewy (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: podwodzie

(geomorphology, oceanography) sandbank, sandbar, sandridge, shoal (natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface)


pelagial

pelagial (nominative singular)
pelagiale (nominative plural)
pelagialu (genitive singular)
pelagiali (genitive plural)
pelagialowi (dative singular)
pelagialom (dative plural)
pelagial (accusative singular)
pelagiale (accusative plural)
pelagialem (instrumental singular)
pelagialami (instrumental plural)
pelagialu (locative singular)
pelagialach (locative plural)
pelagialu (singular vocative)
pelagiale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pélagial, from Latin pelagicus, from Ancient Greek πέλαγος (pélagos).


ławica

ławiczka (diminutive)
ławica (nominative singular)
ławice (nominative plural)
ławicy (genitive singular)
ławic (genitive plural)
ławicy (dative singular)
ławicom (dative plural)
ławicę (accusative singular)
ławice (accusative plural)
ławicą (instrumental singular)
ławicami (instrumental plural)
ławicy (locative singular)
ławicach (locative plural)
ławico (singular vocative)
ławice (plural vocative)


usypisko

usypisko (nominative singular)
usypiska (nominative plural)
usypiska (genitive singular)
usypisk (genitive plural)
usypisku (dative singular)
usypiskom (dative plural)
usypisko (accusative singular)
usypiska (accusative plural)
usypiskiem (instrumental singular)
usypiskami (instrumental plural)
usypisku (locative singular)
usypiskach (locative plural)
usypisko (singular vocative)
usypiska (plural vocative)


zamróz

zamróz (nominative singular)
zamrozy (nominative plural)
zamrozu (genitive singular)
zamrozów (genitive plural)
zamrozowi (dative singular)
zamrozom (dative plural)
zamróz (accusative singular)
zamrozy (accusative plural)
zamrozem (instrumental singular)
zamrozami (instrumental plural)
zamrozie (locative singular)
zamrozach (locative plural)
zamrozie (singular vocative)
zamrozy (plural vocative)


przylądek

przylądek (nominative singular)
przylądki (nominative plural)
przylądka (genitive singular)
przylądków (genitive plural)
przylądkowi (dative singular)
przylądkom (dative plural)
przylądek (accusative singular)
przylądki (accusative plural)
przylądkiem (instrumental singular)
przylądkami (instrumental plural)
przylądku (locative singular)
przylądkach (locative plural)
przylądku (singular vocative)
przylądki (plural vocative)

(geography) cape (piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake)


przełom

przełom (nominative singular)
przełomy (nominative plural)
przełomu (genitive singular)
przełomów (genitive plural)
przełomowi (dative singular)
przełomom (dative plural)
przełom (accusative singular)
przełomy (accusative plural)
przełomem (instrumental singular)
przełomami (instrumental plural)
przełomie (locative singular)
przełomach (locative plural)
przełomie (singular vocative)
przełomy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perlomъ. Cognate of Czech přelom and Serbo-Croatian prelom.


wododział

wododział (nominative singular)
wododziały (nominative plural)
wododziału (genitive singular)
wododziałów (genitive plural)
wododziałowi (dative singular)
wododziałom (dative plural)
wododział (accusative singular)
wododziały (accusative plural)
wododziałem (instrumental singular)
wododziałami (instrumental plural)
wododziale (locative singular)
wododziałach (locative plural)
wododziale (singular vocative)
wododziały (plural vocative)

(hydrology) drainage divide, water divide, watershed (boundary between two drainage basins)


rozłóg

rozłóg (nominative singular)
rozłogi (nominative plural)
rozłogu (genitive singular)
rozłogów (genitive plural)
rozłogowi (dative singular)
rozłogom (dative plural)
rozłóg (accusative singular)
rozłogi (accusative plural)
rozłogiem (instrumental singular)
rozłogami (instrumental plural)
rozłogu (locative singular)
rozłogach (locative plural)
rozłogu (singular vocative)
rozłogi (plural vocative)


rozpadlina

rozpadlina (nominative singular)
rozpadliny (nominative plural)
rozpadliny (genitive singular)
rozpadlin (genitive plural)
rozpadlinie (dative singular)
rozpadlinom (dative plural)
rozpadlinę (accusative singular)
rozpadliny (accusative plural)
rozpadliną (instrumental singular)
rozpadlinami (instrumental plural)
rozpadlinie (locative singular)
rozpadlinach (locative plural)
rozpadlino (singular vocative)
rozpadliny (plural vocative)


ostaniec

ostaniec (nominative singular)
ostańce (nominative plural)
ostańca (genitive singular)
ostańców (genitive plural)
ostańcowi (dative singular)
ostańcom (dative plural)
ostaniec (accusative singular)
ostańce (accusative plural)
ostańcem (instrumental singular)
ostańcami (instrumental plural)
ostańcu (locative singular)
ostańcach (locative plural)
ostańcu (singular vocative)
ostańce (plural vocative)


twardzielec

twardzielec (nominative singular)
twardzielce (nominative plural)
twardzielca (genitive singular)
twardzielców (genitive plural)
twardzielcowi (dative singular)
twardzielcom (dative plural)
twardzielec (accusative singular)
twardzielce (accusative plural)
twardzielcem (instrumental singular)
twardzielcami (instrumental plural)
twardzielcu (locative singular)
twardzielcach (locative plural)
twardzielcu (singular vocative)
twardzielce (plural vocative)