yeti

(cryptozoology) yeti, abominable snowman (unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas)


DNA

Orthographic borrowing from English DNA.

kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy
kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy#Polish

(genetics, molecular biology) abbreviation of kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy


pigment

pigment (nominative singular)
pigmenty (nominative plural)
pigmentu (genitive singular)
pigmentów (genitive plural)
pigmentowi (dative singular)
pigmentom (dative plural)
pigment (accusative singular)
pigmenty (accusative plural)
pigmentem (instrumental singular)
pigmentami (instrumental plural)
pigmencie (locative singular)
pigmentach (locative plural)
pigmencie (singular vocative)
pigmenty (plural vocative)

(biology) pigment (any color in plant or animal cells)


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)

(countable, botany) mother (plant intended for seedlings)


cebula

cebula f (diminutive cebulka, related adjective cebulowy)

cebulka (diminutive)
cebulowy (adjective)
cebula (nominative singular)
cebule (nominative plural)
cebuli (genitive singular)
cebul (genitive plural)
cebuli (genitive plural)
cebuli (dative singular)
cebulom (dative plural)
cebulę (accusative singular)
cebule (accusative plural)
cebulą (instrumental singular)
cebulami (instrumental plural)
cebuli (locative singular)
cebulach (locative plural)
cebulo (singular vocative)
cebule (plural vocative)
cybula (alternative Middle Polish)
czybula (alternative Middle Polish)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja), цебу́лꙗ (cebúlja), цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja)
Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)
Carpathian Rusyn: цибу́ля (cybúlja)
Ukrainian: цибу́ля (cybúlja); цебу́ля (cebúlja) (dialectal)
→ Russian: цибу́ля (cibúlja) (dialectal)

cebula tulipana


kwiat

pl-noun

kwiat m inan (diminutive kwiatek or kwiatuszek, related adjective kwiatowy or kwieciany or kwietni, abbreviation kw.)

kwiatek (diminutive)
kwiatuszek (diminutive)
kwiatowy (adjective)
kwieciany (adjective)
kwietni (adjective)
kw. (abbreviation)
kwiat (nominative singular)
kwiaty (nominative plural)
kwiatu (genitive singular)
kwiatów (genitive plural)
kwiatowi (dative singular)
kwiatom (dative plural)
kwiat (accusative singular)
kwiaty (accusative plural)
kwiatem (instrumental singular)
kwiatami (instrumental plural)
kwiecie (locative singular)
kwiatach (locative plural)
kwiecie (singular vocative)
kwiaty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: квѣтъ (květ), квꙗтъ (kvjat)

Belarusian: квет (kvjet)

Ukrainian: квіт (kvit)

→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)

(countable, botany) flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colorful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil)

(countable) flower (colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual reproduction)

(countable) flower (plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood)


ściana

pl-noun

ściana f (diminutive ścianka, related adjective ścianowy or ścienny)

ścianka (diminutive)
ścianowy (adjective)
ścienny (adjective)
ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścian (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianom (dative plural)
ścianę (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianą (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)
ściena (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish ściana. Sense 9 is a semantic loan from English wall.

sl

(anatomy, botany, zoology) wall (divisive or containing structure in an organ or cavity)


matrix

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of matryca.

(cytology) intercellular substance, matrix (body substance in which tissue cells are embedded)


zoo

(zoology) nature preserve, zoo, zoological garden, zoological park


bastard

bastard (nominative singular)
bastardy (nominative plural)
bastarda (genitive singular)
bastardów (genitive plural)
bastardowi (dative singular)
bastardom (dative plural)
bastarda (accusative singular)
bastardy (accusative plural)
bastardem (instrumental singular)
bastardami (instrumental plural)
bastardzie (locative singular)
bastardach (locative plural)
bastardzie (singular vocative)
bastardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Bastard or Italian bastardo, from Late Latin bastardus, from Frankish, possibly through Old French bastardus.

(biology, of animals or plants) bastard, crossbreed, hybrid, mongrel (organism produced by mating of individuals of different varieties or breeds)


zooplankton

pl-noun

zooplankton m inan (related adjective zooplanktonowy or zooplanktoniczny)

zooplanktonowy (adjective)
zooplanktoniczny (adjective)
zooplankton (nominative singular)
zooplanktonu (genitive singular)
zooplanktonowi (dative singular)
zooplankton (accusative singular)
zooplanktonem (instrumental singular)
zooplanktonie (locative singular)
zooplanktonie (singular vocative)

(marine biology, zoology) zooplankton (free-floating small protozoa or crustaceans)


RNA

Orthographic borrowing from English RNA.

kwas rybonukleinowy
kwas rybonukleinowy#Polish

(genetics, molecular biology) abbreviation of kwas rybonukleinowy


por

por (nominative singular)
pory (nominative plural)
pora (genitive singular)
poru (genitive singular)
porów (genitive plural)
porowi (dative singular)
porom (dative plural)
por (accusative singular)
pory (accusative plural)
porem (instrumental singular)
porami (instrumental plural)
porze (locative singular)
porach (locative plural)
porze (singular vocative)
pory (plural vocative)


wilk

wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilku (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilk (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


park

park (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parku (genitive singular)
parków (genitive plural)
parkowi (dative singular)
parkom (dative plural)
park (accusative singular)
parki (accusative plural)
parkiem (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)
parku (locative singular)
parkach (locative plural)
parku (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)

(biology, obsolete) breeding period of goats, deer, or hares


senator

pl-noun

senator m pers (female equivalent senatorka, related adjective senatorski)

senatorka (feminine)
senatorski (adjective)
senator (nominative singular)
senatorzy (nominative plural)
senatorowie (nominative plural)
senatory (derogatory nominative plural)
senatora (genitive singular)
senatorów (genitive plural)
senatorowi (dative singular)
senatorom (dative plural)
senatora (accusative singular)
senatorów (accusative plural)
senatorem (instrumental singular)
senatorami (instrumental plural)
senatorze (locative singular)
senatorach (locative plural)
senatorze (singular vocative)
senatorzy (plural vocative)
senatorowie (plural vocative)
senatory (derogatory plural vocative)

(zoology) older and strong male in a group of baboons


oko

oko n (diminutive oczko, augmentative oczysko)

oczko (diminutive)
oczysko (augmentative)
oko (nominative singular)
oczy (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
oczu (genitive plural)
ócz (genitive plural)
oczów (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
oczom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oczy (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
oczami (instrumental plural)
oczyma (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
oczach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oczy (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(Middle Polish, botany) bud of a shoot of a plant transplanted to another plant


neuron

neuron m inan (related adjective neuronowy or neuronalny)

neuronowy (adjective)
neuronalny (adjective)
neuron (nominative singular)
neurony (nominative plural)
neuronu (genitive singular)
neuronów (genitive plural)
neuronowi (dative singular)
neuronom (dative plural)
neuron (accusative singular)
neurony (accusative plural)
neuronem (instrumental singular)
neuronami (instrumental plural)
neuronie (locative singular)
neuronach (locative plural)
neuronie (singular vocative)
neurony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron). Doublet of nerw.

lbor

(cytology, neuroanatomy) neuron (cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites)


chimera

pl-noun

chimera f (related adjective chimerny or chimeryczny)

chimerny (adjective)
chimeryczny (adjective)
chimera (nominative singular)
chimery (nominative plural)
chimery (genitive singular)
chimer (genitive plural)
chimerze (dative singular)
chimerom (dative plural)
chimerę (accusative singular)
chimery (accusative plural)
chimerą (instrumental singular)
chimerami (instrumental plural)
chimerze (locative singular)
chimerach (locative plural)
chimero (singular vocative)
chimery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin chimaera, from Ancient Greek χίμαιρα (khímaira).

(genetics) chimera (organism with genetically distinct cells from two or more zygotes)


dominant

dominant (nominative singular)
dominanty (nominative plural)
dominanta (genitive singular)
dominantów (genitive plural)
dominantowi (dative singular)
dominantom (dative plural)
dominanta (accusative singular)
dominanty (accusative plural)
dominantem (instrumental singular)
dominantami (instrumental plural)
dominancie (locative singular)
dominantach (locative plural)
dominancie (singular vocative)
dominanty (plural vocative)

(biology) dominant (species or organism that is dominant)


amyloid

amyloid (nominative singular)
amyloidy (nominative plural)
amyloidu (genitive singular)
amyloidów (genitive plural)
amyloidowi (dative singular)
amyloidom (dative plural)
amyloid (accusative singular)
amyloidy (accusative plural)
amyloidem (instrumental singular)
amyloidami (instrumental plural)
amyloidzie (locative singular)
amyloidach (locative plural)
amyloidzie (singular vocative)
amyloidy (plural vocative)

From amyl + -oid. First attested in 1852.

ref

Szymon Fabian (1852) Farmacya. T. 1, Początki botaniki i zoologii, chemia organiczna i farmakognozya (in Polish), page 61

złogi amyloidu

(medicine, biochemistry) amyloid (protein compound)


in vitro

pl-adj

in vitro (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in vitro.


androgen

androgen (nominative singular)
androgeny (nominative plural)
androgenu (genitive singular)
androgenów (genitive plural)
androgenowi (dative singular)
androgenom (dative plural)
androgen (accusative singular)
androgeny (accusative plural)
androgenem (instrumental singular)
androgenami (instrumental plural)
androgenie (locative singular)
androgenach (locative plural)
androgenie (singular vocative)
androgeny (plural vocative)

From andro- + gen. First attested in 1884.

ref

Juliusz Słowacki (1884) Genezis z Ducha ; List do J. N. Rembowskiego ; Wykład nauki ; Dziennik z r. 1847-1849 (in Polish), page 86

męskie androgeny


zoologia

pl-noun

zoologia f (related adjective zoologiczny)

zoologiczny (adjective)
zoologia (nominative singular)
zoologii (genitive singular)
zoologii (dative singular)
zoologię (accusative singular)
zoologią (instrumental singular)
zoologii (locative singular)
zoologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English zoology, French zoologie, German Zoologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion) + λόγος (lógos).

(zoology) zoology (science that studies the animal kingdom)


albedo

Learned borrowing from Latin albēdō. First attested in 1908.

ref

Zasady fizyki: Fizyka ogólna, dynamiczne własności materyi, akustyka (in Polish), volume 1, 1908, page x

albedo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(botany) albedo (part of citrus fruit rind)


gluten

gluten (nominative singular)
glutenu (genitive singular)
glutenowi (dative singular)
gluten (accusative singular)
glutenem (instrumental singular)
glutenie (locative singular)
glutenie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glūten. Doublet of glut and glutyna.

(cooking, biochemistry) gluten (the major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread)


steroid

pl-noun

steroid m inan (related adjective steroidowy)

steroidowy (adjective)
steroid (nominative singular)
steroidy (nominative plural)
steroidu (genitive singular)
steroidów (genitive plural)
steroidowi (dative singular)
steroidom (dative plural)
steroid (accusative singular)
steroidy (accusative plural)
steroidem (instrumental singular)
steroidami (instrumental plural)
steroidzie (locative singular)
steroidach (locative plural)
steroidzie (singular vocative)
steroidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English steroid. Doublet of steryd.

(biochemistry) steroid (class of organic compounds)


ferment

ferment (nominative singular)
fermenty (nominative plural)
fermentu (genitive singular)
fermentów (genitive plural)
fermentowi (dative singular)
fermentom (dative plural)
ferment (accusative singular)
fermenty (accusative plural)
fermentem (instrumental singular)
fermentami (instrumental plural)
fermencie (locative singular)
fermentach (locative plural)
fermencie (singular vocative)
fermenty (plural vocative)


mediator

mediator (nominative singular)
mediatory (nominative plural)
mediatora (genitive singular)
mediatorów (genitive plural)
mediatorowi (dative singular)
mediatorom (dative plural)
mediator (accusative singular)
mediatory (accusative plural)
mediatorem (instrumental singular)
mediatorami (instrumental plural)
mediatorze (locative singular)
mediatorach (locative plural)
mediatorze (singular vocative)
mediatory (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) mediator (chemical substance transmitting information to a targeted cell)


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


gleba

gleba (nominative singular)
gleby (nominative plural)
gleby (genitive singular)
gleb (genitive plural)
glebie (dative singular)
glebom (dative plural)
glebę (accusative singular)
gleby (accusative plural)
glebą (instrumental singular)
glebami (instrumental plural)
glebie (locative singular)
glebach (locative plural)
glebo (singular vocative)
gleby (plural vocative)


kotka

kotka f (male equivalent kot, diminutive koteczka, augmentative kocica)

kot (masculine)
koteczka (diminutive)
kocica (augmentative)
kotka (nominative singular)
kotki (nominative plural)
kotki (genitive singular)
kotek (genitive plural)
kotce (dative singular)
kotkom (dative plural)
kotkę (accusative singular)
kotki (accusative plural)
kotką (instrumental singular)
kotkami (instrumental plural)
kotce (locative singular)
kotkach (locative plural)
kotko (singular vocative)
kotki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kòtъka. By surface analysis, kot + -ka.


trufla

trufla f (diminutive trufelka, related adjective truflowy)

trufelka (diminutive)
truflowy (adjective)
trufla (nominative singular)
trufle (nominative plural)
trufli (genitive singular)
trufli (genitive plural)
trufli (dative singular)
truflom (dative plural)
truflę (accusative singular)
trufle (accusative plural)
truflą (instrumental singular)
truflami (instrumental plural)
trufli (locative singular)
truflach (locative plural)
truflo (singular vocative)
trufle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trüffel, from French truffe, from Old Occitan trufa, from Latin tuber, from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂-. Doublet of trufel.


kultura

kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)

kulturka (diminutive)
kulturowy (adjective)
kult. (abbreviation)
kultura (nominative singular)
kultury (nominative plural)
kultury (genitive singular)
kultur (genitive plural)
kulturze (dative singular)
kulturom (dative plural)
kulturę (accusative singular)
kultury (accusative plural)
kulturą (instrumental singular)
kulturami (instrumental plural)
kulturze (locative singular)
kulturach (locative plural)
kulturo (singular vocative)
kultury (plural vocative)

Kashubian: kùltura

Silesian: kultura

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.

ref

Franciszek Gościecki (1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, Poeci polskiego Baroku (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461: “Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.”

(countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)

(countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)


chloroplast

pl-noun

chloroplast m inan (related adjective chloroplastowy)

chloroplastowy (adjective)
chloroplast (nominative singular)
chloroplasty (nominative plural)
chloroplastu (genitive singular)
chloroplastów (genitive plural)
chloroplastowi (dative singular)
chloroplastom (dative plural)
chloroplast (accusative singular)
chloroplasty (accusative plural)
chloroplastem (instrumental singular)
chloroplastami (instrumental plural)
chloroplaście (locative singular)
chloroplastach (locative plural)
chloroplaście (singular vocative)
chloroplasty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English chloroplast, French chloroplaste, German Chloroplast.

(cytology) chloroplast (organelle found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes)


neurotransmiter

neurotransmiter (nominative singular)
neurotransmitery (nominative plural)
neurotransmitera (genitive singular)
neurotransmiterów (genitive plural)
neurotransmiterowi (dative singular)
neurotransmiterom (dative plural)
neurotransmiter (accusative singular)
neurotransmitery (accusative plural)
neurotransmiterem (instrumental singular)
neurotransmiterami (instrumental plural)
neurotransmiterze (locative singular)
neurotransmiterach (locative plural)
neurotransmiterze (singular vocative)
neurotransmitery (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) neuromediator, neurotransmitter


mamut

mamut m animal (related adjective mamuci or mamutowy)

mamuci (adjective)
mamutowy (adjective)
mamut (nominative singular)
mamuty (nominative plural)
mamuta (genitive singular)
mamutów (genitive plural)
mamutowi (dative singular)
mamutom (dative plural)
mamuta (accusative singular)
mamuty (accusative plural)
mamutem (instrumental singular)
mamutami (instrumental plural)
mamucie (locative singular)
mamutach (locative plural)
mamucie (singular vocative)
mamuty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mamùt

Internationalism; compare English mammoth, French mammouth, German Mammut, ultimately from Russian ма́монт (mámont).

(paleontology) mammoth (any elephant-like mammal of the genus Mammuthus)


gen

genowy (adjective)
gen (nominative singular)
geny (nominative plural)
genu (genitive singular)
genów (genitive plural)
genowi (dative singular)
genom (dative plural)
gen (accusative singular)
geny (accusative plural)
genem (instrumental singular)
genami (instrumental plural)
genie (locative singular)
genach (locative plural)
genie (singular vocative)
geny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English gene, French gène, German Gen, ultimately from Ancient Greek γενεᾱ́ (geneā́).

(genetics) gene (theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; it may take several values and, in principle, predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color)


imago

imago (nominative singular)
imaga (nominative plural)
imagines (nominative plural)
imaga (genitive singular)
imag (genitive plural)
imagu (dative singular)
imagom (dative plural)
imago (accusative singular)
imaga (accusative plural)
imagiem (instrumental singular)
imagami (instrumental plural)
imagu (locative singular)
imagach (locative plural)
imago (singular vocative)
imaga (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English imago, French imago, German Imago, ultimately from Latin imāgō. Doublet of image.

(entomology, lepidopterology) imago (final developmental stage of an insect after undergoing metamorphosis)


płaszcz

płaszczyk (diminutive)
płaszcz (nominative singular)
płaszcze (nominative plural)
płaszcza (genitive singular)
płaszczy (genitive plural)
płaszczów (genitive plural)
płaszczowi (dative singular)
płaszczom (dative plural)
płaszcz (accusative singular)
płaszcze (accusative plural)
płaszczem (instrumental singular)
płaszczami (instrumental plural)
płaszczu (locative singular)
płaszczach (locative plural)
płaszczu (singular vocative)
płaszcze (plural vocative)
płoszcz (alternative)


marker

marker (nominative singular)
markery (nominative plural)
markera (genitive singular)
markerów (genitive plural)
markerowi (dative singular)
markerom (dative plural)
marker (accusative singular)
markery (accusative plural)
markerem (instrumental singular)
markerami (instrumental plural)
markerze (locative singular)
markerach (locative plural)
markerze (singular vocative)
markery (plural vocative)

(biology) marker (gene or DNA sequence with a known location)


liana

liana (nominative singular)
liany (nominative plural)
liany (genitive singular)
lian (genitive plural)
lianie (dative singular)
lianom (dative plural)
lianę (accusative singular)
liany (accusative plural)
lianą (instrumental singular)
lianami (instrumental plural)
lianie (locative singular)
lianach (locative plural)
liano (singular vocative)
liany (plural vocative)

(botany) liana (a climbing woody vine, usually tropical)


plastron

plastron (nominative singular)
plastrony (nominative plural)
plastronu (genitive singular)
plastronów (genitive plural)
plastronowi (dative singular)
plastronom (dative plural)
plastron (accusative singular)
plastrony (accusative plural)
plastronem (instrumental singular)
plastronami (instrumental plural)
plastronie (locative singular)
plastronach (locative plural)
plastronie (singular vocative)
plastrony (plural vocative)

(biology) plastron (film of air trapped by specialized hairs against the body of an aquatic insect, and which acts as an external gill)


stela

stela (nominative singular)
stele (nominative plural)
steli (genitive singular)
stel (genitive plural)
steli (dative singular)
stelom (dative plural)
stelę (accusative singular)
stele (accusative plural)
stelą (instrumental singular)
stelami (instrumental plural)
steli (locative singular)
stelach (locative plural)
stelo (singular vocative)
stele (plural vocative)

(botany) stele (central core of the root and shoot system)


symbiont

symbiont (nominative singular)
symbionty (nominative plural)
symbiontu (genitive singular)
symbiontów (genitive plural)
symbiontowi (dative singular)
symbiontom (dative plural)
symbiont (accusative singular)
symbionty (accusative plural)
symbiontem (instrumental singular)
symbiontami (instrumental plural)
symbioncie (locative singular)
symbiontach (locative plural)
symbioncie (singular vocative)
symbionty (plural vocative)


tarka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьrka. By surface analysis, trzeć + -ka.


kil

kilowy (adjective)
kil (nominative singular)
kile (nominative plural)
kila (genitive singular)
kilu (genitive singular)
kili (genitive plural)
kilowi (dative singular)
kilom (dative plural)
kil (accusative singular)
kile (accusative plural)
kilem (instrumental singular)
kilami (instrumental plural)
kilu (locative singular)
kilach (locative plural)
kilu (singular vocative)
kile (plural vocative)

(zoology) keel (periphery of a whorl extended to form a more or less flattened plate; a prominent spiral ridge)


receptor

receptor (nominative singular)
receptorzy (nominative plural)
receptory (derogatory nominative plural)
receptora (genitive singular)
receptorów (genitive plural)
receptorowi (dative singular)
receptorom (dative plural)
receptora (accusative singular)
receptorów (accusative plural)
receptorem (instrumental singular)
receptorami (instrumental plural)
receptorze (locative singular)
receptorach (locative plural)
receptorze (singular vocative)
receptorzy (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, medicine) sensory receptor (protein on a cell wall that responds to sensory stimuli)

(biology) receptor (any specialized cell or structure that responds to sensory stimuli)


jagoda

jagoda f (diminutive jagódka, related adjective jagodowy)

jagódka (diminutive)
jagodowy (adjective)
jagoda (nominative singular)
jagody (nominative plural)
jagody (genitive singular)
jagód (genitive plural)
jagodzie (dative singular)
jagodom (dative plural)
jagodę (accusative singular)
jagody (accusative plural)
jagodą (instrumental singular)
jagodami (instrumental plural)
jagodzie (locative singular)
jagodach (locative plural)
jagodo (singular vocative)
jagody (plural vocative)

(botany) berry (small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties)


telomer

telomer (nominative singular)
telomery (nominative plural)
telomeru (genitive singular)
telomerów (genitive plural)
telomerowi (dative singular)
telomerom (dative plural)
telomer (accusative singular)
telomery (accusative plural)
telomerem (instrumental singular)
telomerami (instrumental plural)
telomerze (locative singular)
telomerach (locative plural)
telomerze (singular vocative)
telomery (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) + μέρος (méros).

(genetics) telomere (either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome)


protoplast

protoplast (nominative singular)
protoplasty (nominative plural)
protoplastu (genitive singular)
protoplastów (genitive plural)
protoplastowi (dative singular)
protoplastom (dative plural)
protoplast (accusative singular)
protoplasty (accusative plural)
protoplastem (instrumental singular)
protoplastami (instrumental plural)
protoplaście (locative singular)
protoplastach (locative plural)
protoplaście (singular vocative)
protoplasty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος (prōtóplastos).

lbor

πρωτόπλαστος

(biology) protoplast (contents of a plant cell)


genom

genom (nominative singular)
genomy (nominative plural)
genomu (genitive singular)
genomów (genitive plural)
genomowi (dative singular)
genomom (dative plural)
genom (accusative singular)
genomy (accusative plural)
genomem (instrumental singular)
genomami (instrumental plural)
genomie (locative singular)
genomach (locative plural)
genomie (singular vocative)
genomy (plural vocative)

(genetics) genome (complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism)


kasta

kastowy (adjective)
kasta (nominative singular)
kasty (nominative plural)
kasty (genitive singular)
kast (genitive plural)
kaście (dative singular)
kastom (dative plural)
kastę (accusative singular)
kasty (accusative plural)
kastą (instrumental singular)
kastami (instrumental plural)
kaście (locative singular)
kastach (locative plural)
kasto (singular vocative)
kasty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English caste, French caste, German Kaste, ultimately from Portuguese casta.

(zoology) caste (class of polymorphous eusocial insects of a particular size and function within a colony)


adrenalina

adrenalina (nominative singular)
adrenaliny (genitive singular)
adrenalinie (dative singular)
adrenalinę (accusative singular)
adrenaliną (instrumental singular)
adrenalinie (locative singular)
adrenalino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French adrénaline, from English adrenalina, from Latin ad- + Latin rēnālis + -ina, coined by Japanese chemist Takamine Jōkichi in 1901. Genericized trademark. First attested in 1901.

coin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


ogonek

pl-noun

ogonek m inan (diminutive ogoneczek, related adjective ogonkowy)

ogoneczek (diminutive)
ogonkowy (adjective)
ogonek (nominative singular)
ogonki (nominative plural)
ogonka (genitive singular)
ogonków (genitive plural)
ogonkowi (dative singular)
ogonkom (dative plural)
ogonek (accusative singular)
ogonki (accusative plural)
ogonkiem (instrumental singular)
ogonkami (instrumental plural)
ogonku (locative singular)
ogonkach (locative plural)
ogonku (singular vocative)
ogonki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аго́нэк (ahónek)

→ English: ogonek

→ Esperanto: ogoneko

→ German: Ogonek

→ Russian: ого́нэк (ogónɛk)

→ Ukrainian: ого́нек (ohónek)


rodzina

rodzina f (diminutive rodzinka, related adjective rodzinny, abbreviation rodz.)

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzinny (adjective)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinom (dative plural)
rodzinę (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodziną (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, ród + -ina.

z rodziną najlepiej wychodzi się na zdjęciu

family (group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order)

(biology, taxonomy) family (category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank)


aparat

aparat m inan (diminutive aparacik, related adjective aparatowy)

aparacik (diminutive)
aparatowy (adjective)
aparat (nominative singular)
aparaty (nominative plural)
aparatu (genitive singular)
aparatów (genitive plural)
aparatowi (dative singular)
aparatom (dative plural)
aparat (accusative singular)
aparaty (accusative plural)
aparatem (instrumental singular)
aparatami (instrumental plural)
aparacie (locative singular)
aparatach (locative plural)
aparacie (singular vocative)
aparaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin apparātus. First attested in 1549.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aparat”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(biology) system (set of organs responsible for carrying out specific body functions)


biały

pl-adj

biały (comparative bielszy, superlative najbielszy, derived adverb biało)

bielszy (comparative)
najbielszy (superlative)
biały (masculine nominative singular)
biała (feminine nominative singular)
białe (neuter nominative singular)
biali (nominative plural virile)
białe (nominative plural)
białego (genitive masculine singular)
białej (feminine genitive singular)
białego (genitive neuter singular)
białych (genitive plural)
białych (genitive plural virile)
białemu (dative masculine singular)
białej (dative feminine singular)
białemu (dative neuter singular)
białym (dative plural)
białym (dative plural virile)
białego (accusative animate masculine singular)
biały (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
białą (accusative feminine singular)
białe (accusative neuter singular)
białych (accusative plural virile)
białe (accusative plural)
białym (instrumental masculine singular)
białą (feminine instrumental singular)
białym (instrumental neuter singular)
białymi (instrumental plural)
białymi (instrumental plural virile)
białym (locative masculine singular)
białej (feminine locative singular)
białym (locative neuter singular)
białych (locative plural)
białych (locative plural virile)
biał (alternative Middle Polish)
białły (alternative Middle Polish)
bieły (alternative Middle Polish)

(taxonomy) white (being a variety lighter than other varieties)


astrobiologia

astrobiologia (nominative singular)
astrobiologii (genitive singular)
astrobiologii (dative singular)
astrobiologię (accusative singular)
astrobiologią (instrumental singular)
astrobiologii (locative singular)
astrobiologio (singular vocative)

From astro- + biologia. First attested in 1935.


morfologia

morfologia (nominative singular)
morfologie (nominative plural)
morfologii (genitive singular)
morfologii (genitive plural)
morfologij (archaic genitive plural)
morfologii (dative singular)
morfologiom (dative plural)
morfologię (accusative singular)
morfologie (accusative plural)
morfologią (instrumental singular)
morfologiami (instrumental plural)
morfologii (locative singular)
morfologiach (locative plural)
morfologio (singular vocative)
morfologie (plural vocative)


aneuploid

aneuploid (nominative singular)
aneuploidy (nominative plural)
aneuploidu (genitive singular)
aneuploidów (genitive plural)
aneuploidowi (dative singular)
aneuploidom (dative plural)
aneuploid (accusative singular)
aneuploidy (accusative plural)
aneuploidem (instrumental singular)
aneuploidami (instrumental plural)
aneuploidzie (locative singular)
aneuploidach (locative plural)
aneuploidzie (singular vocative)
aneuploidy (plural vocative)

From an- + eu- + -ploid. First attested in 1942.

ref

aneuploid in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(genetics) aneuploid (a cell or an organism having an incorrect amount of chromosomes)


kambium

Learned borrowing from New Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion, *kambyom, from Proto-Celtic *kambos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós, from *kh₂em-.


biosensor

biosensor (nominative singular)
biosensory (nominative plural)
biosensora (genitive singular)
biosensorów (genitive plural)
biosensorowi (dative singular)
biosensorom (dative plural)
biosensor (accusative singular)
biosensory (accusative plural)
biosensorem (instrumental singular)
biosensorami (instrumental plural)
biosensorze (locative singular)
biosensorach (locative plural)
biosensorze (singular vocative)
biosensory (plural vocative)

From bio- + sensor. First attested in 1984.

(biochemistry) biosensor (device that detects, records or transmits physiological data)


zoolog

zoolog (nominative singular)
zoolodzy (nominative plural)
zoologowie (nominative plural)
zoologi (derogatory nominative plural)
zoologa (genitive singular)
zoologów (genitive plural)
zoologowi (dative singular)
zoologom (dative plural)
zoologa (accusative singular)
zoologów (accusative plural)
zoologiem (instrumental singular)
zoologami (instrumental plural)
zoologu (locative singular)
zoologach (locative plural)
zoologu (singular vocative)
zoolodzy (plural vocative)
zoologowie (plural vocative)


zoolog

zoolog (nominative singular)
zoologi (nominative plural)
zoologa (genitive singular)
zoologu (genitive singular)
zoologów (genitive plural)
zoologowi (dative singular)
zoologom (dative plural)
zoolog (accusative singular)
zoologi (accusative plural)
zoologiem (instrumental singular)
zoologami (instrumental plural)
zoologu (locative singular)
zoologach (locative plural)
zoologu (singular vocative)
zoologi (plural vocative)

(archaic, zoology) nature preserve, zoo, zoological garden, zoological park


betakaroten

betakaroten (nominative singular)
betakarotenu (genitive singular)
betakarotenowi (dative singular)
betakaroten (accusative singular)
betakarotenem (instrumental singular)
betakarotenie (locative singular)
betakarotenie (singular vocative)

(biochemistry) alternative spelling of beta-karoten


seria

seryjka (diminutive)
seria (nominative singular)
serie (nominative plural)
serii (genitive singular)
serii (genitive plural)
seryj (archaic genitive plural)
serii (dative singular)
seriom (dative plural)
serię (accusative singular)
serie (accusative plural)
serią (instrumental singular)
seriami (instrumental plural)
serii (locative singular)
seriach (locative plural)
serio (singular vocative)
serie (plural vocative)


mikrob

mikrob (nominative singular)
mikroby (nominative plural)
mikroba (genitive singular)
mikrobów (genitive plural)
mikrobowi (dative singular)
mikrobom (dative plural)
mikroba (accusative singular)
mikroby (accusative plural)
mikrobem (instrumental singular)
mikrobami (instrumental plural)
mikrobie (locative singular)
mikrobach (locative plural)
mikrobie (singular vocative)
mikroby (plural vocative)


genotyp

pl-noun

genotyp m inan (related adjective genotypowy)

genotypowy (adjective)
genotyp (nominative singular)
genotypy (nominative plural)
genotypu (genitive singular)
genotypów (genitive plural)
genotypowi (dative singular)
genotypom (dative plural)
genotyp (accusative singular)
genotypy (accusative plural)
genotypem (instrumental singular)
genotypami (instrumental plural)
genotypie (locative singular)
genotypach (locative plural)
genotypie (singular vocative)
genotypy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Genotyp. By surface analysis, geno- + typ.

(genetics) genotype (part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism)


etologia

etologia (nominative singular)
etologii (genitive singular)
etologii (dative singular)
etologię (accusative singular)
etologią (instrumental singular)
etologii (locative singular)
etologio (singular vocative)

From the Latin ēthologia (“the art of depicting or imitating character”), from the Ancient Greek ἠθολογία (ēthología, “painting of character, especially by mimic gestures”), from ἠθολόγος (ēthológos, “painting character by mimic gestures”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, especially moral character”).

der

(zoology) ethology (study of animal behaviour)


androginia

androginia (nominative singular)
androginii (genitive singular)
androginii (dative singular)
androginię (accusative singular)
androginią (instrumental singular)
androginii (locative singular)
androginio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀνδρόγῠνος (andrógŭnos) + -ia. First attested in the 20th century.

af

grc:ἀνδρόγῠνος

ref

androginia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(biology, botany) androgyny, hermaphroditism


cukier

pl-noun

cukier m inan (related adjective cukrowy)

cukrowy (adjective)
cukier (nominative singular)
cukry (nominative plural)
cukru (genitive singular)
cukrów (genitive plural)
cukrowi (dative singular)
cukrom (dative plural)
cukier (accusative singular)
cukry (accusative plural)
cukrem (instrumental singular)
cukrami (instrumental plural)
cukrze (locative singular)
cukrach (locative plural)
cukrze (singular vocative)
cukry (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цꙋкоръ (cukor), цю́коръ (cjúkor), цу́коръ (cúkor), цю́коръ (cjúkor)
Belarusian: цу́кар (cúkar)
Carpathian Rusyn: цу́кор (cúkor)
Ukrainian: цу́кор (cúkor); цу́кар (cúkar), цу́кер (cúker), цу́кур (cúkur) (dialectal)
Belarusian: цу́кар (cúkar)
Carpathian Rusyn: цу́кор (cúkor)
Ukrainian: цу́кор (cúkor); цу́кар (cúkar), цу́кер (cúker), цу́кур (cúkur) (dialectal)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH
Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā)bor.
Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (škʿ)bor.
Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor.
Italian zuccherobor.
Middle High German zuckerbor.
Old Polish cukier
Polish cukier
Inherited from Old Polish cukier.

etymon

(biochemistry) saccharide (the unit structure of carbohydrates, of general formula CₙH₂ₙOₙ)


proteina

proteina (nominative singular)
proteiny (nominative plural)
proteiny (genitive singular)
protein (genitive plural)
proteinie (dative singular)
proteinom (dative plural)
proteinę (accusative singular)
proteiny (accusative plural)
proteiną (instrumental singular)
proteinami (instrumental plural)
proteinie (locative singular)
proteinach (locative plural)
proteino (singular vocative)
proteiny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English protein, French protéine, German Protein, ultimately from Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos).

(biochemistry) protein (large, complex molecule composed of long chains of amino acids)


klucz

pl-noun

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)

(ornithology) V formation (V-shaped flight formation)


interferon

interferon m inan (related adjective interferonowy)

interferonowy (adjective)
interferon (nominative singular)
interferony (nominative plural)
interferonu (genitive singular)
interferonów (genitive plural)
interferonowi (dative singular)
interferonom (dative plural)
interferon (accusative singular)
interferony (accusative plural)
interferonem (instrumental singular)
interferonami (instrumental plural)
interferonie (locative singular)
interferonach (locative plural)
interferonie (singular vocative)
interferony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from English interferon. First attested in 1970.

lbor

interferon alfa

Działanie immunosupresyjne glikokortykosteroidów wiąże się m.in. z hamowaniem uwalniania interleukin IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, czynnika nekrozy nowotworu (TNF-a), interferonu g.

1988, Inga Chlewicka, Marek Pawlikowski, Leczenie hormonami i pochodnymi hormonów [Treatment with hormones and hormone derivatives], 2. corrected and expanded edition, quoted in Korpus Języka Polskiego PWN, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich, published 1996, →ISBN:

The immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticosteroids is associated with, among others, the inhibition of the release of interleukins IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), and interferon g.

Do walki wkraczają przeciwciała, limfocyty, i interferony, mające zdolność hamowania replikacji (namnażania) wirusów.

1995, Katarzyna Sułek, “Wirus zatrzymał się w Eboli”, in Polityka, number 21, quoted in Korpus Języka Polskiego PWN; Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego, Warszawa: Polityka, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Antibodies, lymphocytes, and interferons, which have the ability to inhibit the replication (multiplication) of viruses, enter the fray.

Stymulowane interferonem makrofagi nie tylko skuteczniej fagocytują mikroorganizmy, ale przede wszystkim stają się cytotoksyczne wobec, na przykład, komórek nowotworowych.

2017, Maśliński, Włodzimierz, Kontna, Ewa, editors, Podstawy immunologii dla reumatologów [Basic immunology for rheumatologists], Warszawa: Narodowy Instytut Geriatrii, Reumatologii, i Rehabilitacji im[ienia]. prof[esora]. d[okto]r[a] hab[ilitowanego]. med[ycyny]. E[leonory]. Reicher, published 2017, →ISBN, page 133, lines 4–6:

Interferon-stimulated macrophages not only phagocytose microorganisms more effectively, but most importantly become cytotoxic against, for example, cancer cells.

(biochemistry) interferon (any of a group of glycoproteins, that prevent viral replication in infected cells)


żółć

żółć (nominative singular)
żółci (genitive singular)
żółci (dative singular)
żółć (accusative singular)
żółcią (instrumental singular)
żółci (locative singular)
żółci (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zьlčь (“bile”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źulʔ-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰlh₃-. Related to *zelenъ and was under influence of *žьltъ.

inh+

Ponieważ żółć pęcherzykowa ma mocniéyszy kolor, większą gorycz i iest gęstsza od téy, która prosto z wątroby do kiszek udaie się […]

1820, Sylwan: Dziennik nauk leśnych i Myśliwych, volume I, page 63:

Because blister bile has a stronger color, a stronger bitterness, and is thicker than the bile straight from liver, it is useful for guts […]

Następuje emulgowanie tłuszczu i w tym procesie największą rolę odgrywa żółć.

1986, Krystyna Flis, Wanda Konaszewska, Podstawy żywienia człowieka, WSiP, →ISBN, page 99:

Next is the emulsification of fat and bile plays the biggest role here.

Po przejściu z kanalików do przewodzików żółciowych, a następnie do głównych przewodów żółciowych, żółć podlega dalszej reabsorpcji i wydzielaniu.

2013, Courtney M. Townsend, Chirurgia Sabiston, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 376:

After passing through from the channels do the biliary ductules, and then to the main biliary ductules, bile undergoes further reabsorbtion and emission.

(biochemistry) bile (liquid produced by the liver)


gałąź

gałązka (diminutive)
gałąź (nominative singular)
gałęzie (nominative plural)
gałęzi (genitive singular)
gałęzi (genitive plural)
gałęzi (dative singular)
gałęziom (dative plural)
gałąź (accusative singular)
gałęzie (accusative plural)
gałęzią (instrumental singular)
gałęziami (instrumental plural)
gałęźmi (instrumental plural)
gałęzi (locative singular)
gałęziach (locative plural)
gałęzi (singular vocative)
gałęzie (plural vocative)
gałęź (alternative)


komora

komórka (diminutive)
komora (nominative singular)
komory (nominative plural)
komory (genitive singular)
komór (genitive plural)
komorze (dative singular)
komorom (dative plural)
komorę (accusative singular)
komory (accusative plural)
komorą (instrumental singular)
komorami (instrumental plural)
komorze (locative singular)
komorach (locative plural)
komoro (singular vocative)
komory (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòmòra

Learned borrowing from Latin camara, camera. Doublet of kamera.


albumina

albumina (nominative singular)
albuminy (nominative plural)
albuminy (genitive singular)
albumin (genitive plural)
albuminie (dative singular)
albuminom (dative plural)
albuminę (accusative singular)
albuminy (accusative plural)
albuminą (instrumental singular)
albuminami (instrumental plural)
albuminie (locative singular)
albuminach (locative plural)
albumino (singular vocative)
albuminy (plural vocative)
albumin (alternative obsolete)

From Latin albūmen + -ina. First attested in 1807.

ref

Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807) Początki chemii dla uzycia słuchaczow akademickich ułozone. T. 2 (in Polish), page 117

albumina in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

ludzka albumina

albumina znakowana

surowicza albumina wołowa

wydalanie albumin z moczem

stężenie albumin

roztwór albuminy

zawartość albumin

poziom albumin

albuminy osocza

albumina jaja

przyjmować albuminę


metamorfoza

metamorfoza (nominative singular)
metamorfozy (nominative plural)
metamorfozy (genitive singular)
metamorfoz (genitive plural)
metamorfozie (dative singular)
metamorfozom (dative plural)
metamorfozę (accusative singular)
metamorfozy (accusative plural)
metamorfozą (instrumental singular)
metamorfozami (instrumental plural)
metamorfozie (locative singular)
metamorfozach (locative plural)
metamorfozo (singular vocative)
metamorfozy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French métamorphose, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis).

der

μεταμόρφωσις

(biology) metamorphosis (change in the form and often habits of an animal)


biosfera

biosfera (nominative singular)
biosfery (genitive singular)
biosferze (dative singular)
biosferę (accusative singular)
biosferą (instrumental singular)
biosferze (locative singular)
biosfero (singular vocative)

From bio- + sfera. First attested in 1859 in the sense of 'atom of spherical shape'; subsequently attested in 1931 in the sense of 'biosphere'.

cała biosfera

ziemska biosfera/biosfera Ziemi

część biosfery

rezerwat biosfery

degradacja biosfery

funkcjonowanie biosfery

powstanie biosfery

skażenie biosfery

wpływ na biosferę

przenikać do biosfery

wprowadzić do biosfery

(biology) biosphere (part of the Earth and its atmosphere capable of supporting life)


zoosporangium

zoosporangium (nominative singular)
zoosporangia (nominative plural)
zoosporangium (genitive singular)
zoosporangiów (genitive plural)
zoosporangium (dative singular)
zoosporangiom (dative plural)
zoosporangium (accusative singular)
zoosporangia (accusative plural)
zoosporangium (instrumental singular)
zoosporangiami (instrumental plural)
zoosporangium (locative singular)
zoosporangiach (locative plural)
zoosporangium (singular vocative)
zoosporangia (plural vocative)


antena

antenka (diminutive)
antena (nominative singular)
anteny (nominative plural)
anteny (genitive singular)
anten (genitive plural)
antenie (dative singular)
antenom (dative plural)
antenę (accusative singular)
anteny (accusative plural)
anteną (instrumental singular)
antenami (instrumental plural)
antenie (locative singular)
antenach (locative plural)
anteno (singular vocative)
anteny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English antenna, French antenne, German Antenne, ultimately from Latin antenna.

(zoology) antenna (a feeler organ on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal)


podgrupa

podgrupka (diminutive)
podgrupa (nominative singular)
podgrupy (nominative plural)
podgrupy (genitive singular)
podgrup (genitive plural)
podgrupie (dative singular)
podgrupom (dative plural)
podgrupę (accusative singular)
podgrupy (accusative plural)
podgrupą (instrumental singular)
podgrupami (instrumental plural)
podgrupie (locative singular)
podgrupach (locative plural)
podgrupo (singular vocative)
podgrupy (plural vocative)

(taxonomy) subgroup (taxonomic rank between species and genus)


bioelektronika

bioelektronika (nominative singular)
bioelektroniki (genitive singular)
bioelektronice (dative singular)
bioelektronikę (accusative singular)
bioelektroniką (instrumental singular)
bioelektronice (locative singular)
bioelektroniko (singular vocative)

From bio- + elektronika. First attested in 1953, but in common usage only as of 1971.

etydate

(biology, electronics) bioelectronics (application of electronics in the field of biology)


kokon

kokonik (diminutive)
kokon (nominative singular)
kokony (nominative plural)
kokonu (genitive singular)
kokonów (genitive plural)
kokonowi (dative singular)
kokonom (dative plural)
kokon (accusative singular)
kokony (accusative plural)
kokonem (instrumental singular)
kokonami (instrumental plural)
kokonie (locative singular)
kokonach (locative plural)
kokonie (singular vocative)
kokony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cocon, from Occitan coucoun.

(entomology) cocoon (silky protective case spun by the larvae of some insects)


morfina

morfinowy (adjective)
morfina (nominative singular)
morfiny (genitive singular)
morfinie (dative singular)
morfinę (accusative singular)
morfiną (instrumental singular)
morfinie (locative singular)
morfino (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English morphine, French morphine, German Morphin, ultimately from Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús).

(biochemistry, pharmacology) morphine (opioid used as an anaesthetic or recreational drug)


zwierzę

pl-noun

zwierzę n (diminutive zwierzątko, related adjective zwierzęcy)

zwierzątko (diminutive)
zwierzęcy (adjective)
zwierzę (nominative singular)
zwierzęta (nominative plural)
zwierzęcia (genitive singular)
zwierząt (genitive plural)
zwierzęciu (dative singular)
zwierzętom (dative plural)
zwierzę (accusative singular)
zwierzęta (accusative plural)
zwierzęciem (instrumental singular)
zwierzętami (instrumental plural)
zwierzęciu (locative singular)
zwierzętach (locative plural)
zwierzę (singular vocative)
zwierzęta (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish źwierzę. By surface analysis, zwierz + -ę.

(biology) animal (eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants))


puszka

puszka (nominative singular)
puszki (nominative plural)
puszki (genitive singular)
puszek (genitive plural)
puszce (dative singular)
puszkom (dative plural)
puszkę (accusative singular)
puszki (accusative plural)
puszką (instrumental singular)
puszkami (instrumental plural)
puszce (locative singular)
puszkach (locative plural)
puszko (singular vocative)
puszki (plural vocative)


prowadzić

pl-verb

prowadzić impf (frequentative prowadzać)

prowadzać (frequentative)
prowadzić (infinitive)
prowadzę (present singular)
prowadzimy (plural present)
prowadzisz (present singular)
prowadzicie (plural present)
prowadzi (present singular third-person)
prowadzą (plural present third-person)
prowadzi się (impersonal present)
prowadziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadził (masculine past singular third-person)
prowadziła (feminine past singular third-person)
prowadziło (neuter past singular third-person)
prowadzili (past plural third-person virile)
prowadziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
prowadzono (impersonal past)
będę prowadził (future masculine singular)
będę prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będę prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będę prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będę prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będę prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz prowadził (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie prowadził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą prowadzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą prowadzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie prowadzić się (future impersonal)
prowadziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by prowadził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
prowadziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by prowadziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
prowadziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by prowadziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
prowadziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by prowadzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
prowadziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
prowadzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech prowadzę (imperative singular)
prowadźmy (imperative plural)
prowadź (imperative singular)
prowadźcie (imperative plural)
niech prowadzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech prowadzą (imperative plural third-person)
prowadzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
prowadząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
prowadzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
prowadzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
prowadzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
prowadzony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
prowadzona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
prowadzone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
prowadzeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
prowadzone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
prowadząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
prowadzenie (noun-from-verb)

→ Kashubian: prowadzëc

→ Slovincian: prôwadzëc

(transitive, botany) to guide (to give the plant a planned shape, size and form through special care treatments)


przeprowadzać

przeprowadzać impf (perfective przeprowadzić)

przeprowadzić (perfective)
przeprowadzać (infinitive)
przeprowadzam (present singular)
przeprowadzamy (plural present)
przeprowadzasz (present singular)
przeprowadzacie (plural present)
przeprowadza (present singular third-person)
przeprowadzają (plural present third-person)
przeprowadza się (impersonal present)
przeprowadzałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzał (masculine past singular)
przeprowadzałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzała (feminine past singular)
przeprowadzałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m przeprowadzało (neuter past singular)
przeprowadzaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy przeprowadzali (past plural virile)
przeprowadzałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural)
przeprowadzałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzał (masculine past singular)
przeprowadzałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzała (feminine past singular)
przeprowadzałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś przeprowadzało (neuter past singular)
przeprowadzaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście przeprowadzali (past plural virile)
przeprowadzałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural)
przeprowadzał (masculine past singular third-person)
przeprowadzała (feminine past singular third-person)
przeprowadzało (neuter past singular third-person)
przeprowadzali (past plural third-person virile)
przeprowadzały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
przeprowadzano (impersonal past)
będę przeprowadzał (future masculine singular)
będę przeprowadzać (future masculine singular)
będę przeprowadzała (feminine future singular)
będę przeprowadzać (feminine future singular)
będę przeprowadzało (future neuter singular)
będę przeprowadzać (future neuter singular)
będziemy przeprowadzali (future plural virile)
będziemy przeprowadzać (future plural virile)
będziemy przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz przeprowadzał (future masculine singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (future masculine singular)
będziesz przeprowadzała (feminine future singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (feminine future singular)
będziesz przeprowadzało (future neuter singular)
będziesz przeprowadzać (future neuter singular)
będziecie przeprowadzali (future plural virile)
będziecie przeprowadzać (future plural virile)
będziecie przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie przeprowadzał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą przeprowadzali (future plural third-person virile)
będą przeprowadzać (future plural third-person virile)
będą przeprowadzały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą przeprowadzać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie przeprowadzać się (future impersonal)
przeprowadzałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular)
przeprowadzałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular)
przeprowadzałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular)
przeprowadzalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy przeprowadzali (conditional plural virile)
przeprowadzałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural)
przeprowadzałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular)
przeprowadzałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular)
przeprowadzałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular)
przeprowadzalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście przeprowadzali (conditional plural virile)
przeprowadzałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural)
przeprowadzałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by przeprowadzał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
przeprowadzałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by przeprowadzała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
przeprowadzałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by przeprowadzało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
przeprowadzaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by przeprowadzali (conditional plural third-person virile)
przeprowadzałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by przeprowadzały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
przeprowadzano by (conditional impersonal)
niech przeprowadzam (imperative singular)
przeprowadzajmy (imperative plural)
przeprowadzaj (imperative singular)
przeprowadzajcie (imperative plural)
niech przeprowadza (imperative singular third-person)
niech przeprowadzają (imperative plural third-person)
przeprowadzający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
przeprowadzająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
przeprowadzające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
przeprowadzający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
przeprowadzające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
przeprowadzany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
przeprowadzana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
przeprowadzane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
przeprowadzani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
przeprowadzane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
przeprowadzając (adjectival contemporary participle)
przeprowadzanie (noun-from-verb)

(transitive, obsolete, botany) to conduct; to let through oneself


leukocyt

leukocyt (nominative singular)
leukocyty (nominative plural)
leukocytu (genitive singular)
leukocytów (genitive plural)
leukocytowi (dative singular)
leukocytom (dative plural)
leukocyt (accusative singular)
leukocyty (accusative plural)
leukocytem (instrumental singular)
leukocytami (instrumental plural)
leukocycie (locative singular)
leukocytach (locative plural)
leukocycie (singular vocative)
leukocyty (plural vocative)

Internationalism. Compare English leucocyte, French leucocyte, or German Leukozyt, from Latin leucocytus.


korek

korek (nominative singular)
korki (nominative plural)
korka (genitive singular)
korków (genitive plural)
korkowi (dative singular)
korkom (dative plural)
korek (accusative singular)
korki (accusative plural)
korkiem (instrumental singular)
korkami (instrumental plural)
korku (locative singular)
korkach (locative plural)
korku (singular vocative)
korki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kork, from Spanish corcho, from Latin cortex.


fenotyp

pl-noun

fenotyp m inan (related adjective fenotypowy)

fenotypowy (adjective)
fenotyp (nominative singular)
fenotypy (nominative plural)
fenotypu (genitive singular)
fenotypów (genitive plural)
fenotypowi (dative singular)
fenotypom (dative plural)
fenotyp (accusative singular)
fenotypy (accusative plural)
fenotypem (instrumental singular)
fenotypami (instrumental plural)
fenotypie (locative singular)
fenotypach (locative plural)
fenotypie (singular vocative)
fenotypy (plural vocative)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) phenotype (appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) phenotype (any observable characteristic of an organism, such as its morphological, developmental, biochemical, or physiological properties, or its behavior)


gameta

gameta (nominative singular)
gamety (nominative plural)
gamety (genitive singular)
gamet (genitive plural)
gamecie (dative singular)
gametom (dative plural)
gametę (accusative singular)
gamety (accusative plural)
gametą (instrumental singular)
gametami (instrumental plural)
gamecie (locative singular)
gametach (locative plural)
gameto (singular vocative)
gamety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γαμετή (gametḗ).


pasożyt

pasożyt (nominative singular)
pasożyty (nominative plural)
pasożyta (genitive singular)
pasożytów (genitive plural)
pasożytowi (dative singular)
pasożytom (dative plural)
pasożyta (accusative singular)
pasożyty (accusative plural)
pasożytem (instrumental singular)
pasożytami (instrumental plural)
pasożycie (locative singular)
pasożytach (locative plural)
pasożycie (singular vocative)
pasożyty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pasirzyt. By surface analysis, paść (“to graze”) + -o- + rzyć (“butt”), literally “butt grazer”. Compare Latin parasitus.

surf

– Czy podziela pan, doktorze Manson, opinię naszego francuskiego kolegi, doktora Alfonsa Laverana, który jest zdania, że to jakiś pasożyt wywołuje malarię? – zapytał major Ross.

1970, Lucjan Wolanowski, Upał i gorączka, Muza:

"Will you share with us, doctor Manson, our French collegue's opinion, doctor Alfons Laveran, who is of the opinion it is some parasite that is causing malaria?" Major Ross asked.

-Nasz pacjent twierdzi, że jest sprawcą morderstw popełnianych na mężczyznach w Breslau. Wnika w ciała młodych kobiet, które pod jego wpływem dopuszczają się tych przerażających okropności. Kosmiczny pasożyt.

"Our patient claims that he is the culprit of the murders committed on the men in Breslau. It gets inside the bodies of young women, who, under his influence, allow themselves to be affected by these terrifying atrocities. A cosmic parasite.


alanina

alanina (nominative singular)
alaniny (nominative plural)
alaniny (genitive singular)
alanin (genitive plural)
alaninie (dative singular)
alaninom (dative plural)
alaninę (accusative singular)
alaniny (accusative plural)
alaniną (instrumental singular)
alaninami (instrumental plural)
alaninie (locative singular)
alaninach (locative plural)
alanino (singular vocative)
alaniny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alanine. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900–1927), “alanina”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw


rząd

pl-noun

rząd m inan (diminutive rządek, related adjective rzędowy)

rządek (diminutive)
rzędowy (adjective)
rząd (nominative singular)
rzędy (nominative plural)
rzędu (genitive singular)
rzędów (genitive plural)
rzędowi (dative singular)
rzędom (dative plural)
rząd (accusative singular)
rzędy (accusative plural)
rzędem (instrumental singular)
rzędami (instrumental plural)
rzędzie (locative singular)
rzędach (locative plural)
rzędzie (singular vocative)
rzędy (plural vocative)

(biology, taxonomy) order (category in the classification of organisms, ranking below class and above family; a taxon at that rank)


grzebień

grzebień m inan (diminutive grzebyk, related adjective grzebieniowy)

grzebyk (diminutive)
grzebieniowy (adjective)
grzebień (nominative singular)
grzebienie (nominative plural)
grzebienia (genitive singular)
grzebieni (genitive plural)
grzebieniowi (dative singular)
grzebieniom (dative plural)
grzebień (accusative singular)
grzebienie (accusative plural)
grzebieniem (instrumental singular)
grzebieniami (instrumental plural)
grzebieniu (locative singular)
grzebieniach (locative plural)
grzebieniu (singular vocative)
grzebienie (plural vocative)

/ˈɡr̝ɛ.bjɛɲ/

Inherited from Old Polish *grzebień. First attested in 1500–1517.

(zootomy) comb, crest (red fleshy growth on the top of the head of a rooster or hen)

(obsolete) crest (feathery decoration on a helmet)

(Middle Polish, zootomy) synonym of podgardle

(obsolete, zootomy) crest (tip of a stallion's genitalia)

(obsolete, zootomy) transparent, fanlike membrane in a bird's stomach

(zootomy) comb, crest (series of toothed appendages along the tail and back of reptiles)


zootomia

zootomia f (related adjective zootomiczny)

zootomiczny (adjective)
zootomia (nominative singular)
zootomii (genitive singular)
zootomii (dative singular)
zootomię (accusative singular)
zootomią (instrumental singular)
zootomii (locative singular)
zootomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism. From New Latin zōotomia.


typ

typ (nominative singular)
typy (nominative plural)
typu (genitive singular)
typów (genitive plural)
typowi (dative singular)
typom (dative plural)
typ (accusative singular)
typy (accusative plural)
typem (instrumental singular)
typami (instrumental plural)
typie (locative singular)
typach (locative plural)
typie (singular vocative)
typy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French type. First attested in 1688.

ref

Aleksandra Wieczorek (20.04.2021) “TYP”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(countable, taxonomy) phylum (rank in the classification of organisms)


allelopatia

allelopatia (nominative singular)
allelopatii (genitive singular)
allelopatii (dative singular)
allelopatię (accusative singular)
allelopatią (instrumental singular)
allelopatii (locative singular)
allelopatio (singular vocative)

From allel + -o- + -patia. First attested in 1938.

Czas : dziennik poświęcony polityce krajowej i zagranicznej oraz wiadomościom literackim, rolniczym i przemysłowym (in Polish), number R.91, nr 127, 1938, page 9

allelopatia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

zjawisko allelopatii


fenologia

fenologia (nominative singular)
fenologii (genitive singular)
fenologii (dative singular)
fenologię (accusative singular)
fenologią (instrumental singular)
fenologii (locative singular)
fenologio (singular vocative)


antagonista

antagonista (nominative singular)
antagonisty (nominative plural)
antagonisty (genitive singular)
antagonistów (genitive plural)
antagoniście (dative singular)
antagonistom (dative plural)
antagonistę (accusative singular)
antagonisty (accusative plural)
antagonistą (instrumental singular)
antagonistami (instrumental plural)
antagoniście (locative singular)
antagonistach (locative plural)
antagonisto (singular vocative)
antagonisty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antagoniste, from Latin antagōnista, from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs).

der

ἀνταγωνιστής

(biochemistry) antagonist tooth (a chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals)


jądro

jądro (nominative singular)
jądra (nominative plural)
jądra (genitive singular)
jąder (genitive plural)
jądru (dative singular)
jądrom (dative plural)
jądro (accusative singular)
jądra (accusative plural)
jądrem (instrumental singular)
jądrami (instrumental plural)
jądrze (locative singular)
jądrach (locative plural)
jądro (singular vocative)
jądra (plural vocative)

desc

→ Yiddish: יאָדער (yoder), יאָדערע (yodere), יאָדרע (yodre), יאָנדרע (yondre), יאָנדערע (yondere)

(botany) core (the part of a fruit that contains seeds)


piętro

pięterko (diminutive)
piętro (nominative singular)
piętra (nominative plural)
piętra (genitive singular)
pięter (genitive plural)
piętr (genitive plural)
piętru (dative singular)
piętrom (dative plural)
piętro (accusative singular)
piętra (accusative plural)
piętrem (instrumental singular)
piętrami (instrumental plural)
piętrze (locative singular)
piętrach (locative plural)
piętro (singular vocative)
piętra (plural vocative)


organizm

organizm (nominative singular)
organizmy (nominative plural)
organizmu (genitive singular)
organizmów (genitive plural)
organizmowi (dative singular)
organizmom (dative plural)
organizm (accusative singular)
organizmy (accusative plural)
organizmem (instrumental singular)
organizmami (instrumental plural)
organizmie (locative singular)
organizmach (locative plural)
organizmie (singular vocative)
organizmy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: òrganizm

Borrowed from French organisme. By surface analysis, organ + -izm. First attested in 1805. Compare Silesian ôrganizm.

ref

Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski (1805) Rady przyiacielskie młodemu czcicielowi nauk i filozofii pragnącemu znaleść pewnieyszą drogę do prawdziwego i wyższego oświecenia (in Polish), page 13

(biology) organism (discrete and complete living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism)


królestwo

królestwo (nominative singular)
królestwa (nominative plural)
królestwa (genitive singular)
królestw (genitive plural)
królestwu (dative singular)
królestwom (dative plural)
królestwo (accusative singular)
królestwa (accusative plural)
królestwem (instrumental singular)
królestwami (instrumental plural)
królestwie (locative singular)
królestwach (locative plural)
królestwo (singular vocative)
królestwa (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish królestwo, from Proto-Slavic *korľevьstvo. By surface analysis, król + -stwo.


walka

waleczny (adjective)
walka (nominative singular)
walki (nominative plural)
walki (genitive singular)
walk (genitive plural)
walce (dative singular)
walkom (dative plural)
walkę (accusative singular)
walki (accusative plural)
walką (instrumental singular)
walkami (instrumental plural)
walce (locative singular)
walkach (locative plural)
walko (singular vocative)
walki (plural vocative)

(uncountable, obsolete, biology) competition (fighting for resources between species in the same environment)


kosmopolita

kosmopolita (nominative singular)
kosmopolity (nominative plural)
kosmopolity (genitive singular)
kosmopolitów (genitive plural)
kosmopolicie (dative singular)
kosmopolitom (dative plural)
kosmopolitę (accusative singular)
kosmopolity (accusative plural)
kosmopolitą (instrumental singular)
kosmopolitami (instrumental plural)
kosmopolicie (locative singular)
kosmopolitach (locative plural)
kosmopolito (singular vocative)
kosmopolity (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English cosmopolite, French cosmopolite, German Kosmopolit, ultimately from Latin cosmopolītēs, from Ancient Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs).

der

κοσμοπολίτης


komórka

pl-noun

komórka f (diminutive komóreczka, augmentative komóra, related adjective komórkowy)

komóreczka (diminutive)
komóra (augmentative)
komórkowy (adjective)
komórka (nominative singular)
komórki (nominative plural)
komórki (genitive singular)
komórek (genitive plural)
komórce (dative singular)
komórkom (dative plural)
komórkę (accusative singular)
komórki (accusative plural)
komórką (instrumental singular)
komórkami (instrumental plural)
komórce (locative singular)
komórkach (locative plural)
komórko (singular vocative)
komórki (plural vocative)
komorka (alternative Middle Polish)
kumorka (alternative Middle Polish)

→ German: Kamurke

→ Kashubian: kòmórka (semantic loan)

→ Russian: камо́рка (kamórka)

→ Ukrainian: комі́рка (komírka)

Inherited from Old Polish komórka. By surface analysis, komora + -ka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin cellula. Sense 6 and sense 7 are semantic loans from English cell. Compare Slovincian kômórka.

sl

(biology) cell (any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions)


adenina

adenina (nominative singular)
adeniny (genitive singular)
adeninie (dative singular)
adeninę (accusative singular)
adeniną (instrumental singular)
adeninie (locative singular)
adenino (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”) + -ina. First attested in 1885.

ref

Wszechświat : tygodnik popularny poświęcony naukom przyrodniczym, number T. 4, nr 21, 1885, page 334

nukleotydy adeniny

(biochemistry, genetics) adenine (a base, C₅H₅N₅, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA)


kapelusz

pl-noun

kapelusz m inan (diminutive kapelusik or kapelutek, augmentative kapelusisko or kapeluszysko, related adjective kapeluszowy)

kapelusik (diminutive)
kapelutek (diminutive)
kapelusisko (augmentative)
kapeluszysko (augmentative)
kapeluszowy (adjective)
kapelusz (nominative singular)
kapelusze (nominative plural)
kapelusza (genitive singular)
kapeluszy (genitive plural)
kapeluszowi (dative singular)
kapeluszom (dative plural)
kapelusz (accusative singular)
kapelusze (accusative plural)
kapeluszem (instrumental singular)
kapeluszami (instrumental plural)
kapeluszu (locative singular)
kapeluszach (locative plural)
kapeluszu (singular vocative)
kapelusze (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: капялю́ш (kapjaljúš)

→ Ukrainian: капелю́х (kapeljúx)

→ Yiddish: קאַפּעליוש (kapelyush)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin cappellus.


teść

teść (nominative singular)
teścia (genitive singular)
teściowi (dative singular)
teścia (accusative singular)
teściem (instrumental singular)
teściu (locative singular)
teściu (singular vocative)

(humorous, slang, biochemistry, steroids) test, testosterone (steroid hormone)


krzyżówka

pl-noun

krzyżówka f (related adjective krzyżówkowy)

krzyżówkowy (adjective)
krzyżówka (nominative singular)
krzyżówki (nominative plural)
krzyżówki (genitive singular)
krzyżówek (genitive plural)
krzyżówce (dative singular)
krzyżówkom (dative plural)
krzyżówkę (accusative singular)
krzyżówki (accusative plural)
krzyżówką (instrumental singular)
krzyżówkami (instrumental plural)
krzyżówce (locative singular)
krzyżówkach (locative plural)
krzyżówko (singular vocative)
krzyżówki (plural vocative)

(biology, of animals or plants) bastard, crossbreed, hybrid, mongrel (organism produced by mating of individuals of different varieties or breeds)


gąsienica

gąsienica f (diminutive gąsieniczka, related adjective gąsienicowy or gąsieniczy)

gąsieniczka (diminutive)
gąsienicowy (adjective)
gąsieniczy (adjective)
gąsienica (nominative singular)
gąsienice (nominative plural)
gąsienicy (genitive singular)
gąsienic (genitive plural)
gąsienicy (dative singular)
gąsienicom (dative plural)
gąsienicę (accusative singular)
gąsienice (accusative plural)
gąsienicą (instrumental singular)
gąsienicami (instrumental plural)
gąsienicy (locative singular)
gąsienicach (locative plural)
gąsienico (singular vocative)
gąsienice (plural vocative)

/ɡɔɲ.ɕɛˈɲi.t͡sa/

Inherited from Old Polish wąsienica. The initial g- is prothetic or by conflation with Proto-Slavic *gušterica (“lizard”). Compare Bulgarian гъсе́ница (gǎsénica), Czech housenka, Lower Sorbian guseńca, Macedonian гасеница (gasenica), Old Church Slavonic юсеница (jusenica), Russian гу́сеница (gúsenica), Serbo-Croatian gȕsenica, Slovak húsenica, Slovene gosẹ̑nica, Ukrainian гу́сениця (húsenycja), and Upper Sorbian husańca.

(entomology, lepidopterology) caterpillar, leafworm (larva of a butterfly or moth)


robak

robak m animal (diminutive robaczek, augmentative robal)

robaczek (diminutive)
robal (augmentative)
robak (nominative singular)
robaki (nominative plural)
robaka (genitive singular)
robaków (genitive plural)
robakowi (dative singular)
robakom (dative plural)
robaka (accusative singular)
robaki (accusative plural)
robakiem (instrumental singular)
robakami (instrumental plural)
robaku (locative singular)
robakach (locative plural)
robaku (singular vocative)
robaki (plural vocative)
chrobak (alternative)
chrobák (alternative)


bilirubina

bilirubina (nominative singular)
bilirubiny (genitive singular)
bilirubinie (dative singular)
bilirubinę (accusative singular)
bilirubiną (instrumental singular)
bilirubinie (locative singular)
bilirubino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English bilirubin, from Latin bīlis + Latin ruber/rubeus + -ina.


aerenchyma

aerenchyma (nominative singular)
aerenchymy (genitive singular)
aerenchymie (dative singular)
aerenchymę (accusative singular)
aerenchymą (instrumental singular)
aerenchymie (locative singular)
aerenchymo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English aerenchyma. Ultimately from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr) + παρέγχυμα (parénkhuma). First attested in 1899.

ref

Flora lasów garwolińskich i sąsiedzkich okoli (1899) Józef Trzebiński, page 19


cysta

cysta (nominative singular)
cysty (nominative plural)
cysty (genitive singular)
cyst (genitive plural)
cyście (dative singular)
cystom (dative plural)
cystę (accusative singular)
cysty (accusative plural)
cystą (instrumental singular)
cystami (instrumental plural)
cyście (locative singular)
cystach (locative plural)
cysto (singular vocative)
cysty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zyste, from English cyst, from Late Latin cystis, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).


dezoksyrybonukleinowy

pl-adj

dezoksyrybonukleinowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

dezoksyrybonukleinowy (masculine nominative singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowa (feminine nominative singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowe (neuter nominative singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowi (nominative plural virile)
dezoksyrybonukleinowe (nominative plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowego (genitive masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowej (feminine genitive singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowego (genitive neuter singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowych (genitive plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowych (genitive plural virile)
dezoksyrybonukleinowemu (dative masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowej (dative feminine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowemu (dative neuter singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (dative plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (dative plural virile)
dezoksyrybonukleinowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinową (accusative feminine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowe (accusative neuter singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowych (accusative plural virile)
dezoksyrybonukleinowe (accusative plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (instrumental masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinową (feminine instrumental singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (instrumental neuter singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowymi (instrumental plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowymi (instrumental plural virile)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (locative masculine singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowej (feminine locative singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowym (locative neuter singular)
dezoksyrybonukleinowych (locative plural)
dezoksyrybonukleinowych (locative plural virile)

(dated, genetics, relational) deoxyribonucleic


klad

klad (nominative singular)
klady (nominative plural)
kladu (genitive singular)
kladów (genitive plural)
kladowi (dative singular)
kladom (dative plural)
klad (accusative singular)
klady (accusative plural)
kladem (instrumental singular)
kladami (instrumental plural)
kladzie (locative singular)
kladach (locative plural)
kladzie (singular vocative)
klady (plural vocative)


linka

linka (nominative singular)
linki (nominative plural)
linki (genitive singular)
linek (genitive plural)
lince (dative singular)
linkom (dative plural)
linkę (accusative singular)
linki (accusative plural)
linką (instrumental singular)
linkami (instrumental plural)
lince (locative singular)
linkach (locative plural)
linko (singular vocative)
linki (plural vocative)

(biology, rare) moulting (shedding of an external layer, e.g. skin, fur, feathers)


rodzaj

pl-noun

rodzaj m inan (related adjective rodzajowy, abbreviation r. or rodz.)

rodzajowy (adjective)
r. (abbreviation)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzaj (nominative singular)
rodzaje (nominative plural)
rodzaju (genitive singular)
rodzajów (genitive plural)
rodzai (genitive plural)
rodzajowi (dative singular)
rodzajom (dative plural)
rodzaj (accusative singular)
rodzaje (accusative plural)
rodzajem (instrumental singular)
rodzajami (instrumental plural)
rodzaju (locative singular)
rodzajach (locative plural)
rodzaju (singular vocative)
rodzaje (plural vocative)

(biology, taxonomy) genus (category in the classification of organisms)


odmiana

odmiana (nominative singular)
odmiany (nominative plural)
odmiany (genitive singular)
odmian (genitive plural)
odmianie (dative singular)
odmianom (dative plural)
odmianę (accusative singular)
odmiany (accusative plural)
odmianą (instrumental singular)
odmianami (instrumental plural)
odmianie (locative singular)
odmianach (locative plural)
odmiano (singular vocative)
odmiany (plural vocative)


czerw

czerw m animal (related adjective czerwiowy)

czerwiowy (adjective)
czerw (nominative singular)
czerwie (nominative plural)
czerwia (genitive singular)
czerwi (genitive plural)
czerwiowi (dative singular)
czerwiom (dative plural)
czerwia (accusative singular)
czerwie (accusative plural)
czerwiem (instrumental singular)
czerwiami (instrumental plural)
czerwiu (locative singular)
czerwiach (locative plural)
czerwiu (singular vocative)
czerwie (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis
Proto-Balto-Slavic *kírmis
Proto-Slavic *čьrvь
Old Polish czyrw
Polish czerw
Inherited from Old Polish czyrw.

etymon

(entomology, lepidopterology) larva of certain hymenopterans, dipterans, and beetles, e.g. a maggot or woodworm

(archaic, entomology, lepidopterology) any parasitic larva or worm affecting trees, fruit, or intestines


jajo

pl-noun

jajo n (diminutive jajko or jajeczko, augmentative jajco)

jajko (diminutive)
jajeczko (diminutive)
jajco (augmentative)
jajo (nominative singular)
jaja (nominative plural)
jaja (genitive singular)
jaj (genitive plural)
jaju (dative singular)
jajom (dative plural)
jajo (accusative singular)
jaja (accusative plural)
jajem (instrumental singular)
jajami (instrumental plural)
jaju (locative singular)
jajach (locative plural)
jajo (singular vocative)
jaja (plural vocative)

(cytology, embryology) egg cell, ovum, egg (female gamete in animals)


strzałka

strzałka (nominative singular)
strzałki (nominative plural)
strzałki (genitive singular)
strzałek (genitive plural)
strzałce (dative singular)
strzałkom (dative plural)
strzałkę (accusative singular)
strzałki (accusative plural)
strzałką (instrumental singular)
strzałkami (instrumental plural)
strzałce (locative singular)
strzałkach (locative plural)
strzałko (singular vocative)
strzałki (plural vocative)

(zoology, horse anatomy) frog (organ on the bottom of a horse’s hoof)


przewodnik

przewodnik (nominative singular)
przewodniki (nominative plural)
przewodnika (genitive singular)
przewodników (genitive plural)
przewodnikowi (dative singular)
przewodnikom (dative plural)
przewodnik (accusative singular)
przewodniki (accusative plural)
przewodnikiem (instrumental singular)
przewodnikami (instrumental plural)
przewodniku (locative singular)
przewodnikach (locative plural)
przewodniku (singular vocative)
przewodniki (plural vocative)


układ

układzik (diminutive)
układ (nominative singular)
układy (nominative plural)
układu (genitive singular)
układów (genitive plural)
układowi (dative singular)
układom (dative plural)
układ (accusative singular)
układy (accusative plural)
układem (instrumental singular)
układami (instrumental plural)
układzie (locative singular)
układach (locative plural)
układzie (singular vocative)
układy (plural vocative)
ûkłád (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish układ. By surface analysis, deverbal from układać.

surf

(obsolete, biology) classification (system used to order species into families, etc.)


asparagina

asparagina (nominative singular)
asparaginy (genitive singular)
asparaginie (dative singular)
asparaginę (accusative singular)
asparaginą (instrumental singular)
asparaginie (locative singular)
asparagino (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos) + -ina.

af

grc:ἀσπάραγος


nektar

pl-noun

nektar m inan (related adjective nektarowy)

nektarowy (adjective)
nektar (nominative singular)
nektary (nominative plural)
nektaru (genitive singular)
nektarów (genitive plural)
nektarowi (dative singular)
nektarom (dative plural)
nektar (accusative singular)
nektary (accusative plural)
nektarem (instrumental singular)
nektarami (instrumental plural)
nektarze (locative singular)
nektarach (locative plural)
nektarze (singular vocative)
nektary (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νέκταρ (néktar).

lbor

(uncountable, botany) nectar (sweet liquid secreted by flowers to attract pollinating insects and birds)


bakteriologia

bakteriologia (nominative singular)
bakteriologii (genitive singular)
bakteriologii (dative singular)
bakteriologię (accusative singular)
bakteriologią (instrumental singular)
bakteriologii (locative singular)
bakteriologio (singular vocative)


biometria

biometria (nominative singular)
biometrii (genitive singular)
biometrii (dative singular)
biometrię (accusative singular)
biometrią (instrumental singular)
biometrii (locative singular)
biometrio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -metria. First attested in 1900.

(biology) biometry, biostatistics (analysis of biological statistics)


granulocyt

granulocyt (nominative singular)
granulocyty (nominative plural)
granulocytu (genitive singular)
granulocytów (genitive plural)
granulocytowi (dative singular)
granulocytom (dative plural)
granulocyt (accusative singular)
granulocyty (accusative plural)
granulocytem (instrumental singular)
granulocytami (instrumental plural)
granulocycie (locative singular)
granulocytach (locative plural)
granulocycie (singular vocative)
granulocyty (plural vocative)

(cytology, immunology) granulocyte (blood cell)


dziad

dziad (nominative singular)
dziady (nominative plural)
dziadu (genitive singular)
dziadów (genitive plural)
dziadowi (dative singular)
dziadom (dative plural)
dziad (accusative singular)
dziady (accusative plural)
dziadem (instrumental singular)
dziadami (instrumental plural)
dziadzie (locative singular)
dziadach (locative plural)
dziadzie (singular vocative)
dziady (plural vocative)
dziád (alternative)

(botany, chiefly in the plural) bur, burr (of burdock)


triceratops

triceratops (nominative singular)
triceratopsy (nominative plural)
triceratopsa (genitive singular)
triceratopsów (genitive plural)
triceratopsowi (dative singular)
triceratopsom (dative plural)
triceratopsa (accusative singular)
triceratopsy (accusative plural)
triceratopsem (instrumental singular)
triceratopsami (instrumental plural)
triceratopsie (locative singular)
triceratopsach (locative plural)
triceratopsie (singular vocative)
triceratopsy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin Triceratops, from Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs) + κέρας (kéras) + ὤψ (ṓps).


miąższ

miąższ (nominative singular)
miąższu (genitive singular)
miąższowi (dative singular)
miąższ (accusative singular)
miąższem (instrumental singular)
miąższu (locative singular)
miąższu (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *męzь, *męzъ. By surface analysis, back-formation from miąższy.


żabka

żabka (nominative singular)
żabki (nominative plural)
żabki (genitive singular)
żabek (genitive plural)
żabce (dative singular)
żabkom (dative plural)
żabkę (accusative singular)
żabki (accusative plural)
żabką (instrumental singular)
żabkami (instrumental plural)
żabce (locative singular)
żabkach (locative plural)
żabko (singular vocative)
żabki (plural vocative)

(shoemaking)
(veterinary medicine)
(Przemyśl) part of a hubcap


wzrost

pl-noun

wzrost m inan (related adjective wzrostowy)

wzrostowy (adjective)
wzrost (nominative singular)
wzrostu (genitive singular)
wzrostowi (dative singular)
wzrost (accusative singular)
wzrostem (instrumental singular)
wzroście (locative singular)
wzroście (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wzrost. By surface analysis, deverbal from wzróść.

surf

(biology) growth (act of growing, getting bigger or higher)


woskówka

woskówka (nominative singular)
woskówki (nominative plural)
woskówki (genitive singular)
woskówek (genitive plural)
woskówce (dative singular)
woskówkom (dative plural)
woskówkę (accusative singular)
woskówki (accusative plural)
woskówką (instrumental singular)
woskówkami (instrumental plural)
woskówce (locative singular)
woskówkach (locative plural)
woskówko (singular vocative)
woskówki (plural vocative)


naczynie

naczynko (diminutive)
naczynie (nominative singular)
naczynia (nominative plural)
naczynia (genitive singular)
naczyń (genitive plural)
naczyniu (dative singular)
naczyniom (dative plural)
naczynie (accusative singular)
naczynia (accusative plural)
naczyniem (instrumental singular)
naczyniami (instrumental plural)
naczyniu (locative singular)
naczyniach (locative plural)
naczynie (singular vocative)
naczynia (plural vocative)
noczynie (alternative)
nácynie (alternative)

/naˈt͡ʂɘ.ɲɛ/

/naˈt͡ʂɘ.ɲɛ/

Inherited from Old Polish naczynie, from Proto-Slavic *načinьje.

naczynie krwionośne


neuroblast

neuroblast (nominative singular)
neuroblasty (nominative plural)
neuroblastu (genitive singular)
neuroblastów (genitive plural)
neuroblastowi (dative singular)
neuroblastom (dative plural)
neuroblast (accusative singular)
neuroblasty (accusative plural)
neuroblastem (instrumental singular)
neuroblastami (instrumental plural)
neuroblaście (locative singular)
neuroblastach (locative plural)
neuroblaście (singular vocative)
neuroblasty (plural vocative)

(cytology) neuroblast, primitive nerve cell (embryonic cell that develops into a nerve cell)


amfibia

amfibijny (adjective)
amfibia (nominative singular)
amfibie (nominative plural)
amfibii (genitive singular)
amfibii (genitive plural)
amfibij (archaic genitive plural)
amfibii (dative singular)
amfibiom (dative plural)
amfibię (accusative singular)
amfibie (accusative plural)
amfibią (instrumental singular)
amfibiami (instrumental plural)
amfibii (locative singular)
amfibiach (locative plural)
amfibio (singular vocative)
amfibie (plural vocative)
amfibium (alternative obsolete)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Amphibie or French amphibien, from Latin amphibius, from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios). First attested in 1755.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (08.11.2022) “AMFIBIUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


koszulka

pl-noun

koszulka f (diminutive koszuleczka or koszuleńka)

koszuleczka (diminutive)
koszuleńka (diminutive)
koszulka (nominative singular)
koszulki (nominative plural)
koszulki (genitive singular)
koszulek (genitive plural)
koszulce (dative singular)
koszulkom (dative plural)
koszulkę (accusative singular)
koszulki (accusative plural)
koszulką (instrumental singular)
koszulkami (instrumental plural)
koszulce (locative singular)
koszulkach (locative plural)
koszulko (singular vocative)
koszulki (plural vocative)

(entomology) inner layer of the silkworm's cocoon


histologia

histologia (nominative singular)
histologii (genitive singular)
histologii (dative singular)
histologię (accusative singular)
histologią (instrumental singular)
histologii (locative singular)
histologio (singular vocative)


koniugacja

koniugacja (nominative singular)
koniugacje (nominative plural)
koniugacji (genitive singular)
koniugacji (genitive plural)
koniugacyj (archaic genitive plural)
koniugacji (dative singular)
koniugacjom (dative plural)
koniugację (accusative singular)
koniugacje (accusative plural)
koniugacją (instrumental singular)
koniugacjami (instrumental plural)
koniugacji (locative singular)
koniugacjach (locative plural)
koniugacjo (singular vocative)
koniugacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin coniugātiō.

(biology) conjugation (fusion of organisms)


wodniczka

wodniczka (nominative singular)
wodniczki (nominative plural)
wodniczki (genitive singular)
wodniczek (genitive plural)
wodniczce (dative singular)
wodniczkom (dative plural)
wodniczkę (accusative singular)
wodniczki (accusative plural)
wodniczką (instrumental singular)
wodniczkami (instrumental plural)
wodniczce (locative singular)
wodniczkach (locative plural)
wodniczko (singular vocative)
wodniczki (plural vocative)

(cytology) vacuole (large membrane-bound vesicle)


bąk

bączek (diminutive)
bąk (nominative singular)
bąki (nominative plural)
bąka (genitive singular)
bąków (genitive plural)
bąkowi (dative singular)
bąkom (dative plural)
bąka (accusative singular)
bąki (accusative plural)
bąkiem (instrumental singular)
bąkami (instrumental plural)
bąku (locative singular)
bąkach (locative plural)
bąku (singular vocative)
bąki (plural vocative)
bok (alternative)

(obsolete, chiefly in the plural, botany) onion stalk with a seed capsule


nukleus

nukleus (nominative singular)
nukleusy (nominative plural)
nukleusa (genitive singular)
nukleusów (genitive plural)
nukleusowi (dative singular)
nukleusom (dative plural)
nukleus (accusative singular)
nukleusy (accusative plural)
nukleusem (instrumental singular)
nukleusami (instrumental plural)
nukleusie (locative singular)
nukleusach (locative plural)
nukleusie (singular vocative)
nukleusy (plural vocative)

(cytology, literary) cell nucleus, nucleus


trombocyt

(cytology, hematology) thrombocyte, platelet


białko

białkowy (adjective)
białko (nominative singular)
białka (nominative plural)
białka (genitive singular)
białek (genitive plural)
białku (dative singular)
białkom (dative plural)
białko (accusative singular)
białka (accusative plural)
białkiem (instrumental singular)
białkami (instrumental plural)
białku (locative singular)
białkach (locative plural)
białko (singular vocative)
białka (plural vocative)
białtko (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bělъkъ. By surface analysis, biały + -ko. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin albūmen. For the sense of albumen, compare English white (of the eye) and German weiße (Augenhaut).

sl

(biochemistry) protein (large, complex molecule composed of long chains of amino acids)