klasa

pl-noun

klasa f (related adjective klasowy, abbreviation kl.)

klasowy (adjective)
kl. (abbreviation)
klasa (nominative singular)
klasy (nominative plural)
klasy (genitive singular)
klas (genitive plural)
klasie (dative singular)
klasom (dative plural)
klasę (accusative singular)
klasy (accusative plural)
klasą (instrumental singular)
klasami (instrumental plural)
klasie (locative singular)
klasach (locative plural)
klaso (singular vocative)
klasy (plural vocative)
klassa (alternative Middle Polish)

→ Kashubian: klasa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Klasse or French classe, ultimately from Latin classis. Sense 13 is a semantic loan from English class. First attested in 1688.

ref

Jan Damasceński (1688) Mateusz Ignacy Kuligowski, transl., Krolewic Indiyski w Polski stroy przybrany Albo Historya O Swiętym Jozaphacie … y o Swiętym Barlaamie …/ Od Swiętego Iana Damascena napisana, a z Græckiego ięzyka na Łaciński od Iakuba Billiusza … przetłumaczona; Teraz zaś Przez X. Matthevsza Ignacego Kvligowskiego … na wiersz Polski przełożona … (in Polish), page 199:
Tákże, ktorzy Boginią swą bydź wyznawáią Element Wodę, y ći w głupstwie podlegáią Swym błędowi: bo Wodá od Bogá stworzona Iest ludźiom ná pożytek, y w moc im zlecona, Po ktorey oni wierzchu w rozmáite czásy Wypráwuią okręty, y woienne klássy; Bywa też poszpeconą od nich, bo do wody Ludźie rożne miotáią y gnoie, y smrody; A gdy ią ogień zwárzy, odmiány nábywa; Y częstokroć własnego koloru pozbywa: Bo zmieszána z iáką krwią iest czerwona: z wody Stáią się tákże przez mroz kryształowe lody.

(countable, taxonomy) class (rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank)


ekosystem

pl-noun

ekosystem m inan (related adjective ekosystemowy)

ekosystemowy (adjective)
ekosystem (nominative singular)
ekosystemy (nominative plural)
ekosystemu (genitive singular)
ekosystemów (genitive plural)
ekosystemowi (dative singular)
ekosystemom (dative plural)
ekosystem (accusative singular)
ekosystemy (accusative plural)
ekosystemem (instrumental singular)
ekosystemami (instrumental plural)
ekosystemie (locative singular)
ekosystemach (locative plural)
ekosystemie (singular vocative)
ekosystemy (plural vocative)

(ecology) ecosystem (system of an ecological community and its environment)


agonista

agonista (nominative singular)
agonisty (nominative plural)
agonisty (genitive singular)
agonistów (genitive plural)
agoniście (dative singular)
agonistom (dative plural)
agonistę (accusative singular)
agonisty (accusative plural)
agonistą (instrumental singular)
agonistami (instrumental plural)
agoniście (locative singular)
agonistach (locative plural)
agonisto (singular vocative)
agonisty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English agonist. By surface analysis, agonia + -ista. First attested in 1808.

wybiórczy agonista

silny agonista

agonista receptorów

zastosowanie agonistów

grupa agonistów

(biochemistry, pharmacology) agonist (molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction)


cierń

cierń (nominative singular)
ciernie (nominative plural)
ciernia (genitive singular)
cierni (genitive plural)
cierniów (genitive plural)
cierniowi (dative singular)
cierniom (dative plural)
cierń (accusative singular)
ciernie (accusative plural)
cierniem (instrumental singular)
cierniami (instrumental plural)
cierniu (locative singular)
cierniach (locative plural)
cierniu (singular vocative)
ciernie (plural vocative)
ciernie (alternative Middle Polish)
tarnie (alternative Middle Polish)
czernie (alternative)
czérznie (alternative)
czyrznie (alternative)
cirznie (alternative)
cirzń (alternative)
cyrznie (alternative)

(botany) thorn (sharp protective spine of a plant)

(botany, colloquial) thorn (any shrub or small tree that bears thorns)


gatunek

gatunek m inan (related adjective gatunkowy, abbreviation gat.)

gatunkowy (adjective)
gat. (abbreviation)
gatunek (nominative singular)
gatunki (nominative plural)
gatunku (genitive singular)
gatunków (genitive plural)
gatunkowi (dative singular)
gatunkom (dative plural)
gatunek (accusative singular)
gatunki (accusative plural)
gatunkiem (instrumental singular)
gatunkami (instrumental plural)
gatunku (locative singular)
gatunkach (locative plural)
gatunku (singular vocative)
gatunki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: гату́нак (hatúnak)

→ Kashubian: gatënk

→ Ukrainian: ґату́нок (gatúnok)

Borrowed from German Gattung. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian gatōnek.

ref

“GATUNEK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 21.11.2019

(countable, taxonomy) species (category in the classification of organisms, ranking below genus; a taxon at that rank)


nerw

nerwowy (adjective)
nerw (nominative singular)
nerwy (nominative plural)
nerwu (genitive singular)
nerwów (genitive plural)
nerwowi (dative singular)
nerwom (dative plural)
nerw (accusative singular)
nerwy (accusative plural)
nerwem (instrumental singular)
nerwami (instrumental plural)
nerwie (locative singular)
nerwach (locative plural)
nerwie (singular vocative)
nerwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English nerve, French nerf, German Nerv, ultimately from Latin nervus. Doublet of neuron.

(countable, botany) midrib, nerve (vein in a leaf; a grain in wood)


tkanka

tkankowy (adjective)
tkanka (nominative singular)
tkanki (nominative plural)
tkanki (genitive singular)
tkanek (genitive plural)
tkance (dative singular)
tkankom (dative plural)
tkankę (accusative singular)
tkanki (accusative plural)
tkanką (instrumental singular)
tkankami (instrumental plural)
tkance (locative singular)
tkankach (locative plural)
tkanko (singular vocative)
tkanki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tkanka. By surface analysis, tkać + -anka.

(countable, biology) tissue (group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job)


ruja

pl-noun

ruja f (diminutive rujka, related adjective rujowy)

rujka (diminutive)
rujowy (adjective)
ruja (nominative singular)
ruje (nominative plural)
rui (genitive singular)
rui (genitive plural)
rui (dative singular)
rujom (dative plural)
ruję (accusative singular)
ruje (accusative plural)
rują (instrumental singular)
rujami (instrumental plural)
rui (locative singular)
rujach (locative plural)
rujo (singular vocative)
ruje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruja. The late attestation of the word in Polish may indicate borrowing, most likely from Ukrainian руя (ruja).

(biology) heat, oestrus (state of a female animal that is ready for mating)


pęd

pęd (nominative singular)
pędy (nominative plural)
pędu (genitive singular)
pędów (genitive plural)
pędowi (dative singular)
pędom (dative plural)
pęd (accusative singular)
pędy (accusative plural)
pędem (instrumental singular)
pędami (instrumental plural)
pędzie (locative singular)
pędach (locative plural)
pędzie (singular vocative)
pędy (plural vocative)


trzcina

trzcina f (diminutive trzcinka, augmentative trzcinisko)

trzcinka (diminutive)
trzcinisko (augmentative)
trzcina (nominative singular)
trzciny (nominative plural)
trzciny (genitive singular)
trzcin (genitive plural)
trzcinie (dative singular)
trzcinom (dative plural)
trzcinę (accusative singular)
trzciny (accusative plural)
trzciną (instrumental singular)
trzcinami (instrumental plural)
trzcinie (locative singular)
trzcinach (locative plural)
trzcino (singular vocative)
trzciny (plural vocative)
trcina (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trъstina, from *trъstь + *-ina. By surface analysis, treść + -ina.

(ecology) cane brake, reed bed (reed thickets)


tyranozaur

tyranozaur (nominative singular)
tyranozaury (nominative plural)
tyranozaura (genitive singular)
tyranozaurów (genitive plural)
tyranozaurowi (dative singular)
tyranozaurom (dative plural)
tyranozaura (accusative singular)
tyranozaury (accusative plural)
tyranozaurem (instrumental singular)
tyranozaurami (instrumental plural)
tyranozaurze (locative singular)
tyranozaurach (locative plural)
tyranozaurze (singular vocative)
tyranozaury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos) + σαῦρος (saûros). Doublet of tyran and tyrania.


dinozaur

dinozaur (nominative singular)
dinozaury (nominative plural)
dinozaura (genitive singular)
dinozaurów (genitive plural)
dinozaurowi (dative singular)
dinozaurom (dative plural)
dinozaura (accusative singular)
dinozaury (accusative plural)
dinozaurem (instrumental singular)
dinozaurami (instrumental plural)
dinozaurze (locative singular)
dinozaurach (locative plural)
dinozaurze (singular vocative)
dinozaury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English dinosaur, from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós) + σαῦρος (saûros). Coined by English paleontologist Richard Owen 1841/1842.

coin

(paleontology) dinosaur (prehistoric reptile)


labirynt

pl-noun

labirynt m inan (related adjective labiryntowy)

labiryntowy (adjective)
labirynt (nominative singular)
labirynty (nominative plural)
labiryntu (genitive singular)
labiryntów (genitive plural)
labiryntowi (dative singular)
labiryntom (dative plural)
labirynt (accusative singular)
labirynty (accusative plural)
labiryntem (instrumental singular)
labiryntami (instrumental plural)
labiryncie (locative singular)
labiryntach (locative plural)
labiryncie (singular vocative)
labirynty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin labyrinthus.

lbor

(ichthyology) labyrinth (accessory respiratory organ of certain fish)


chromosom

pl-noun

chromosom m inan (related adjective chromosomowy or chromosomalny)

chromosomowy (adjective)
chromosomalny (adjective)
chromosom (nominative singular)
chromosomy (nominative plural)
chromosomu (genitive singular)
chromosomów (genitive plural)
chromosomowi (dative singular)
chromosomom (dative plural)
chromosom (accusative singular)
chromosomy (accusative plural)
chromosomem (instrumental singular)
chromosomami (instrumental plural)
chromosomie (locative singular)
chromosomach (locative plural)
chromosomie (singular vocative)
chromosomy (plural vocative)

(cytology, genetics) chromosome (linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism)


mitochondrium

mitochondrium n (related adjective mitochondrialny)

mitochondrialny (adjective)
mitochondrium (nominative singular)
mitochondria (nominative plural)
mitochondrium (genitive singular)
mitochondriów (genitive plural)
mitochondrium (dative singular)
mitochondriom (dative plural)
mitochondrium (accusative singular)
mitochondria (accusative plural)
mitochondrium (instrumental singular)
mitochondriami (instrumental plural)
mitochondrium (locative singular)
mitochondriach (locative plural)
mitochondrium (singular vocative)
mitochondria (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Mitochondrium, from Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos) + χονδρίον (khondríon).


nimfa

nimfa (nominative singular)
nimfy (nominative plural)
nimfy (genitive singular)
nimf (genitive plural)
nimfie (dative singular)
nimfom (dative plural)
nimfę (accusative singular)
nimfy (accusative plural)
nimfą (instrumental singular)
nimfami (instrumental plural)
nimfie (locative singular)
nimfach (locative plural)
nimfo (singular vocative)
nimfy (plural vocative)


worek

worek m inan (diminutive woreczek, augmentative wór)

woreczek (diminutive)
wór (augmentative)
worek (nominative singular)
worki (nominative plural)
worka (genitive singular)
worków (genitive plural)
workowi (dative singular)
workom (dative plural)
worek (accusative singular)
worki (accusative plural)
workiem (instrumental singular)
workami (instrumental plural)
worku (locative singular)
workach (locative plural)
worku (singular vocative)
worki (plural vocative)


gruczoł

gruczołek (diminutive)
gruczoł (nominative singular)
gruczoły (nominative plural)
gruczołu (genitive singular)
gruczołów (genitive plural)
gruczołowi (dative singular)
gruczołom (dative plural)
gruczoł (accusative singular)
gruczoły (accusative plural)
gruczołem (instrumental singular)
gruczołami (instrumental plural)
gruczole (locative singular)
gruczołach (locative plural)
gruczole (singular vocative)
gruczoły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish gruczoł (“bump, tumor”), from Proto-Slavic *gručelъ.

inh+

(anatomy, zoology) gland (organ that synthesizes and secretes substance)


plemię

pl-noun

plemię n (diminutive plemionko or plemięczko, related adjective plemienny)

plemionko (diminutive)
plemięczko (diminutive)
plemienny (adjective)
plemię (nominative singular)
plemiona (nominative plural)
plemienia (genitive singular)
plemion (genitive plural)
plemieniu (dative singular)
plemionom (dative plural)
plemię (accusative singular)
plemiona (accusative plural)
plemieniem (instrumental singular)
plemionami (instrumental plural)
plemieniu (locative singular)
plemionach (locative plural)
plemię (singular vocative)
plemiona (plural vocative)
pleminie (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish plemię, from Proto-Slavic *plemę.


domena

domena (nominative singular)
domeny (nominative plural)
domeny (genitive singular)
domen (genitive plural)
domenie (dative singular)
domenom (dative plural)
domenę (accusative singular)
domeny (accusative plural)
domeną (instrumental singular)
domenami (instrumental plural)
domenie (locative singular)
domenach (locative plural)
domeno (singular vocative)
domeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Domäne, from French domaine, from Old French domaine, demaine, from Latin dominium or dominicus. Doublet of dominium.

(taxonomy) domain (highest-level grouping of organisms)


węzeł

węzełek (diminutive)
węzeł (nominative singular)
węzły (nominative plural)
węzła (genitive singular)
węzłów (genitive plural)
węzłowi (dative singular)
węzłom (dative plural)
węzeł (accusative singular)
węzły (accusative plural)
węzłem (instrumental singular)
węzłami (instrumental plural)
węźle (locative singular)
węzłach (locative plural)
węźle (singular vocative)
węzły (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ве́нзель (vjénzjelʹ)

→ Russian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

→ Ukrainian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

Inherited from Old Polish węzeł, from Proto-Slavic *ǫzlъ. Doublet of guzeł.

(botany) node (point on a stem from which a leaf or another stem grows)


członek

członek (nominative singular)
członki (nominative plural)
członka (genitive singular)
członków (genitive plural)
członkowi (dative singular)
członkom (dative plural)
członek (accusative singular)
członki (accusative plural)
członkiem (instrumental singular)
członkami (instrumental plural)
członku (locative singular)
członkach (locative plural)
członku (singular vocative)
członki (plural vocative)

/ˈt͡ʂɫɔ.nɛk/

(Middle Polish) member; Further details are uncertain.

Membrum. Cżłonek.

1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 48:

Membro, Stáwiam weſpołek członki.

Artus ‒ Tzłonki.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 100a:

Articularis ‒ członkom przinalezacy.

(Middle Polish, botany) elbow (annular thickening on reed or stalk, ; where branches or shoots fork; sections, parts of the plant contained between these forks or elbows)


winorośl

winorośl (nominative singular)
winorośle (nominative plural)
winorośli (genitive singular)
winorośli (genitive plural)
winorośli (dative singular)
winoroślom (dative plural)
winorośl (accusative singular)
winorośle (accusative plural)
winoroślą (instrumental singular)
winoroślami (instrumental plural)
winorośli (locative singular)
winoroślach (locative plural)
winorośli (singular vocative)
winorośle (plural vocative)

(botany) grapevine (plant on which grapes grow)


kolba

kolbka (diminutive)
kolba (nominative singular)
kolby (nominative plural)
kolby (genitive singular)
kolb (genitive plural)
kolbie (dative singular)
kolbom (dative plural)
kolbę (accusative singular)
kolby (accusative plural)
kolbą (instrumental singular)
kolbami (instrumental plural)
kolbie (locative singular)
kolbach (locative plural)
kolbo (singular vocative)
kolby (plural vocative)


amyloplast

amyloplast (nominative singular)
amyloplasty (nominative plural)
amyloplastu (genitive singular)
amyloplastów (genitive plural)
amyloplastowi (dative singular)
amyloplastom (dative plural)
amyloplast (accusative singular)
amyloplasty (accusative plural)
amyloplastem (instrumental singular)
amyloplastami (instrumental plural)
amyloplaście (locative singular)
amyloplastach (locative plural)
amyloplaście (singular vocative)
amyloplasty (plural vocative)

From amyl + -o- + -plast. First attested in 1890.

ref

Wszechświat : tygodnik popularny poświęcony naukom przyrodniczym (in Polish), number T.9, nr 14, 1890, page 222


aalen

aalen (nominative singular)
aalenu (genitive singular)
aalenowi (dative singular)
aalen (accusative singular)
aalenem (instrumental singular)
aalenie (locative singular)
aalenie (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Aalenian (subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch or series)


frenologia

frenologia (nominative singular)
frenologii (genitive singular)
frenologii (dative singular)
frenologię (accusative singular)
frenologią (instrumental singular)
frenologii (locative singular)
frenologio (singular vocative)


aerobiologia

aerobiologia (nominative singular)
aerobiologii (genitive singular)
aerobiologii (dative singular)
aerobiologię (accusative singular)
aerobiologią (instrumental singular)
aerobiologii (locative singular)
aerobiologio (singular vocative)

From aero- + biologia. First attested in 1937.

(biology) aerobiology (the study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses)


protoplazma

pl-noun

protoplazma f (related adjective protoplazmatyczny)

protoplazmatyczny (adjective)
protoplazma (nominative singular)
protoplazmy (nominative plural)
protoplazmy (genitive singular)
protoplazm (genitive plural)
protoplazmie (dative singular)
protoplazmom (dative plural)
protoplazmę (accusative singular)
protoplazmy (accusative plural)
protoplazmą (instrumental singular)
protoplazmami (instrumental plural)
protoplazmie (locative singular)
protoplazmach (locative plural)
protoplazmo (singular vocative)
protoplazmy (plural vocative)

(cytology) protoplasm (entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells)


ontogeneza

ontogeneza f (related adjective ontogenetyczny)

ontogenetyczny (adjective)
ontogeneza (nominative singular)
ontogenezy (genitive singular)
ontogenezie (dative singular)
ontogenezę (accusative singular)
ontogenezą (instrumental singular)
ontogenezie (locative singular)
ontogenezo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin ontogenesis. By surface analysis, onto- + geneza.

lbor

(biology) ontogenesis (development of an individual organism)


filogeneza

filogeneza (nominative singular)
filogenezy (genitive singular)
filogenezie (dative singular)
filogenezę (accusative singular)
filogenezą (instrumental singular)
filogenezie (locative singular)
filogenezo (singular vocative)

(biology) phylogeny, phylogenesis (evolutionary development of species)


pączek

pl-noun

pączek m inan (diminutive pączuszek or pączuś, related adjective pączkowy)

pączuszek (diminutive)
pączuś (diminutive)
pączkowy (adjective)
pączek (nominative singular)
pączki (nominative plural)
pączka (genitive singular)
pączków (genitive plural)
pączkowi (dative singular)
pączkom (dative plural)
pączek (accusative singular)
pączka (accusative singular)
pączki (accusative plural)
pączkiem (instrumental singular)
pączkami (instrumental plural)
pączku (locative singular)
pączkach (locative plural)
pączku (singular vocative)
pączki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: по́нчык (pónčyk)

→ English: paczek; (via plural) paczki

→ German: Pączki (via plural)

→ Latvian: pončiks

desc

→ Lithuanian: (proscribed) pončka, pončkas

desctree

→ Russian: по́нчик (pónčik), по́нчикъ (pónčik) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: պոնչիկ (pončʻik)
→ Azerbaijani: ponçik
→ English: ponchik
→ Georgian: პონჩიკი (ṗončiḳi)
→ Turkish: ponçik
→ Yiddish: פּאָנטשיק (pontshik)

→ Ukrainian: по́нчик (pónčyk)

(botany, horticulture) bud (newly formed leaf or flower that has not yet unfolded)

(biology) bud (small rounded body in the process of splitting from an organism, which may grow into a genetically identical new organism)


wirus

pl-noun

wirus m animal (related adjective wirusowy)

wirusowy (adjective)
wirus (nominative singular)
wirusy (nominative plural)
wirusa (genitive singular)
wirusów (genitive plural)
wirusowi (dative singular)
wirusom (dative plural)
wirusa (accusative singular)
wirus (accusative singular)
wirusy (accusative plural)
wirusem (instrumental singular)
wirusami (instrumental plural)
wirusie (locative singular)
wirusach (locative plural)
wirusie (singular vocative)
wirusy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French virus. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from American English virus.


fotosynteza

fotosynteza (nominative singular)
fotosyntezy (nominative plural)
fotosyntezy (genitive singular)
fotosyntez (genitive plural)
fotosyntezie (dative singular)
fotosyntezom (dative plural)
fotosyntezę (accusative singular)
fotosyntezy (accusative plural)
fotosyntezą (instrumental singular)
fotosyntezami (instrumental plural)
fotosyntezie (locative singular)
fotosyntezach (locative plural)
fotosyntezo (singular vocative)
fotosyntezy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English photosynthesis, French photosynthèse, and German Photosynthese.


aneuploidia

aneuploidia (nominative singular)
aneuploidii (genitive singular)
aneuploidii (dative singular)
aneuploidię (accusative singular)
aneuploidią (instrumental singular)
aneuploidii (locative singular)
aneuploidio (singular vocative)

From aneuploid + -ia. First attested in 1956.

ref

Folia Biologica (in Polish), volume 4, number 1, 1956, page 36


lipoproteina

lipoproteina (nominative singular)
lipoproteiny (genitive singular)
lipoproteinie (dative singular)
lipoproteinę (accusative singular)
lipoproteiną (instrumental singular)
lipoproteinie (locative singular)
lipoproteino (singular vocative)

From lipo- + proteina. First attested in the.


produkować

pl-verb

produkować impf (perfective wyprodukować)

wyprodukować (perfective)
produkować (infinitive)
produkuję (present singular)
produkujemy (plural present)
produkujesz (present singular)
produkujecie (plural present)
produkuje (present singular third-person)
produkują (plural present third-person)
produkuje się (impersonal present)
produkowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m produkował (masculine past singular)
produkowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m produkowała (feminine past singular)
produkowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m produkowało (neuter past singular)
produkowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy produkowali (past plural virile)
produkowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy produkowały (nonvirile past plural)
produkowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś produkował (masculine past singular)
produkowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś produkowała (feminine past singular)
produkowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś produkowało (neuter past singular)
produkowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście produkowali (past plural virile)
produkowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście produkowały (nonvirile past plural)
produkował (masculine past singular third-person)
produkowała (feminine past singular third-person)
produkowało (neuter past singular third-person)
produkowali (past plural third-person virile)
produkowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
produkowano (impersonal past)
będę produkował (future masculine singular)
będę produkować (future masculine singular)
będę produkowała (feminine future singular)
będę produkować (feminine future singular)
będę produkowało (future neuter singular)
będę produkować (future neuter singular)
będziemy produkowali (future plural virile)
będziemy produkować (future plural virile)
będziemy produkowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy produkować (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz produkował (future masculine singular)
będziesz produkować (future masculine singular)
będziesz produkowała (feminine future singular)
będziesz produkować (feminine future singular)
będziesz produkowało (future neuter singular)
będziesz produkować (future neuter singular)
będziecie produkowali (future plural virile)
będziecie produkować (future plural virile)
będziecie produkowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie produkować (future nonvirile plural)
będzie produkował (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie produkować (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie produkowała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie produkować (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie produkowało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie produkować (future neuter singular third-person)
będą produkowali (future plural third-person virile)
będą produkować (future plural third-person virile)
będą produkowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą produkować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie produkować się (future impersonal)
produkowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym produkował (conditional masculine singular)
produkowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym produkowała (conditional feminine singular)
produkowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym produkowało (conditional neuter singular)
produkowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy produkowali (conditional plural virile)
produkowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy produkowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
produkowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś produkował (conditional masculine singular)
produkowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś produkowała (conditional feminine singular)
produkowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś produkowało (conditional neuter singular)
produkowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście produkowali (conditional plural virile)
produkowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście produkowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
produkowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by produkował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
produkowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by produkowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
produkowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by produkowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
produkowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by produkowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
produkowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by produkowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
produkowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech produkuję (imperative singular)
produkujmy (imperative plural)
produkuj (imperative singular)
produkujcie (imperative plural)
niech produkuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech produkują (imperative plural third-person)
produkujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
produkująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
produkujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
produkujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
produkujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
produkowany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
produkowana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
produkowane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
produkowani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
produkowane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
produkując (adjectival contemporary participle)
produkowanie (noun-from-verb)

Adapted borrowing of German produzieren + -ować. By surface analysis, produkcja + -ować. First attested in 1564.

af

(transitive, biology) to produce (to create some cells or substances)


plemnik

plemnik (nominative singular)
plemniki (nominative plural)
plemnika (genitive singular)
plemników (genitive plural)
plemnikowi (dative singular)
plemnikom (dative plural)
plemnik (accusative singular)
plemniki (accusative plural)
plemnikiem (instrumental singular)
plemnikami (instrumental plural)
plemniku (locative singular)
plemnikach (locative plural)
plemniku (singular vocative)
plemniki (plural vocative)


mastodont

pl-noun

mastodont m animal (related adjective mastodontowy)

mastodontowy (adjective)
mastodont (nominative singular)
mastodonty (nominative plural)
mastodonta (genitive singular)
mastodontów (genitive plural)
mastodontowi (dative singular)
mastodontom (dative plural)
mastodonta (accusative singular)
mastodonty (accusative plural)
mastodontem (instrumental singular)
mastodontami (instrumental plural)
mastodoncie (locative singular)
mastodontach (locative plural)
mastodoncie (singular vocative)
mastodonty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English mastodon, French mastodonte, German Mastodon, ultimately from New Latin mastodon, from Ancient Greek μαστός (mastós) + ὀδούς (odoús).

(paleontology) mastodon (any elephant-like mammal of the genus Mammut)


zachowanie

zachowanie (nominative singular)
zachowania (nominative plural)
zachowania (genitive singular)
zachowań (genitive plural)
zachowaniu (dative singular)
zachowaniom (dative plural)
zachowanie (accusative singular)
zachowania (accusative plural)
zachowaniem (instrumental singular)
zachowaniami (instrumental plural)
zachowaniu (locative singular)
zachowaniach (locative plural)
zachowanie (singular vocative)
zachowania (plural vocative)

(countable, biology, psychology) behavior


borówka brusznica

borówka brusznica (nominative singular)
borówki brusznice (nominative plural)
borówki brusznicy (genitive singular)
borówek brusznic (genitive plural)
borówce brusznicy (dative singular)
borówkom brusznicom (dative plural)
borówkę brusznicę (accusative singular)
borówki brusznice (accusative plural)
borówką brusznicą (instrumental singular)
borówkami brusznicami (instrumental plural)
borówce brusznicy (locative singular)
borówkach brusznicach (locative plural)
borówko brusznico (singular vocative)
borówki brusznice (plural vocative)

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

(botany) cowberry, lingonberry, mountain cranberry, partridgeberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)

(botany) cowberry, lingonberry, mountain cranberry, partridgeberry (berry)


artefakt

artefakt (nominative singular)
artefakty (nominative plural)
artefaktu (genitive singular)
artefaktów (genitive plural)
artefaktowi (dative singular)
artefaktom (dative plural)
artefakt (accusative singular)
artefakty (accusative plural)
artefaktem (instrumental singular)
artefaktami (instrumental plural)
artefakcie (locative singular)
artefaktach (locative plural)
artefakcie (singular vocative)
artefakty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin arte factum.

lbor

(biology) artifact (an appearance or structure in protoplasm due to death, the method of preparation of specimens, or the use of reagents, and not present during life)


pylnik

pylnik (nominative singular)
pylniki (nominative plural)
pylnika (genitive singular)
pylników (genitive plural)
pylnikowi (dative singular)
pylnikom (dative plural)
pylnik (accusative singular)
pylniki (accusative plural)
pylnikiem (instrumental singular)
pylnikami (instrumental plural)
pylniku (locative singular)
pylnikach (locative plural)
pylniku (singular vocative)
pylniki (plural vocative)

(botany) anther (pollen-bearing part of the stamen)


kwiatostan

kwiatostan (nominative singular)
kwiatostany (nominative plural)
kwiatostanu (genitive singular)
kwiatostanów (genitive plural)
kwiatostanowi (dative singular)
kwiatostanom (dative plural)
kwiatostan (accusative singular)
kwiatostany (accusative plural)
kwiatostanem (instrumental singular)
kwiatostanami (instrumental plural)
kwiatostanie (locative singular)
kwiatostanach (locative plural)
kwiatostanie (singular vocative)
kwiatostany (plural vocative)


rennina

rennina (nominative singular)
renniny (genitive singular)
renninie (dative singular)
renninę (accusative singular)
renniną (instrumental singular)
renninie (locative singular)
rennino (singular vocative)


rozeta

rozetka (diminutive)
rozeta (nominative singular)
rozety (nominative plural)
rozety (genitive singular)
rozet (genitive plural)
rozecie (dative singular)
rozetom (dative plural)
rozetę (accusative singular)
rozety (accusative plural)
rozetą (instrumental singular)
rozetami (instrumental plural)
rozecie (locative singular)
rozetach (locative plural)
rozeto (singular vocative)
rozety (plural vocative)

(botany) rosette (one or more whorls of leaves)


miazga

miazga (nominative singular)
miazgi (nominative plural)
miazgi (genitive singular)
miazg (genitive plural)
miazdze (dative singular)
miazgom (dative plural)
miazgę (accusative singular)
miazgi (accusative plural)
miazgą (instrumental singular)
miazgami (instrumental plural)
miazdze (locative singular)
miazgach (locative plural)
miazgo (singular vocative)
miazgi (plural vocative)


cytoplazma

pl-noun

cytoplazma f (related adjective cytoplazmatyczny)

cytoplazmatyczny (adjective)
cytoplazma (nominative singular)
cytoplazmy (nominative plural)
cytoplazmy (genitive singular)
cytoplazm (genitive plural)
cytoplazmie (dative singular)
cytoplazmom (dative plural)
cytoplazmę (accusative singular)
cytoplazmy (accusative plural)
cytoplazmą (instrumental singular)
cytoplazmami (instrumental plural)
cytoplazmie (locative singular)
cytoplazmach (locative plural)
cytoplazmo (singular vocative)
cytoplazmy (plural vocative)


agrobiologia

agrobiologia (nominative singular)
agrobiologii (genitive singular)
agrobiologii (dative singular)
agrobiologię (accusative singular)
agrobiologią (instrumental singular)
agrobiologii (locative singular)
agrobiologio (singular vocative)

From agro- + biologia. First attested in 1937.

(agriculture, biology, botany) agrobiology


algologia

algologia (nominative singular)
algologii (genitive singular)
algologii (dative singular)
algologię (accusative singular)
algologią (instrumental singular)
algologii (locative singular)
algologio (singular vocative)

From alga + -o- + -logia. First attested in 1883.

ref

Encyklopedyja powszechna S. Orgelbranda: Nowe stereotypowe odbicie, Volume 1 (in Polish), 1883, page 108

algologia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


bękart

pl-noun

bękart m animal (related adjective bękarci)

bękarci (adjective)
bękart (nominative singular)
bękarci (nominative plural)
bękarty (nominative plural)
bękarta (genitive singular)
bękartów (genitive plural)
bękartowi (dative singular)
bękartom (dative plural)
bękarta (accusative singular)
bękartów (accusative plural)
bękarty (accusative plural)
bękartem (instrumental singular)
bękartami (instrumental plural)
bękarcie (locative singular)
bękartach (locative plural)
bękarcie (singular vocative)
bękarci (plural vocative)
bękarty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bękart. Compare Czech panchart.

(obsolete, biology, of animals or plants) bastard, crossbreed, hybrid, mongrel (organism produced by mating of individuals of different varieties or breeds)


autofagia

autofagia (nominative singular)
autofagii (genitive singular)
autofagii (dative singular)
autofagię (accusative singular)
autofagią (instrumental singular)
autofagii (locative singular)
autofagio (singular vocative)


albuminoid

albuminoid (nominative singular)
albuminoidy (nominative plural)
albuminoidu (genitive singular)
albuminoidów (genitive plural)
albuminoidowi (dative singular)
albuminoidom (dative plural)
albuminoid (accusative singular)
albuminoidy (accusative plural)
albuminoidem (instrumental singular)
albuminoidami (instrumental plural)
albuminoidzie (locative singular)
albuminoidach (locative plural)
albuminoidzie (singular vocative)
albuminoidy (plural vocative)

From albumina + -oid. First attested in 1860.

ref

Rocznik Ces. Król. Towarzystwa Naukowego Krakowskiego (in Polish), number T. 4 (1860) = t. 27 + wkł. (8), 1860, page 218

albuminoid in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(biochemistry) albuminoid (simple protein of a subclass mainly derived from animal connective or supportive tissue)


autogamia

autogamia (nominative singular)
autogamii (genitive singular)
autogamii (dative singular)
autogamię (accusative singular)
autogamią (instrumental singular)
autogamii (locative singular)
autogamio (singular vocative)


autotomia

autotomia (nominative singular)
autotomii (genitive singular)
autotomii (dative singular)
autotomię (accusative singular)
autotomią (instrumental singular)
autotomii (locative singular)
autotomio (singular vocative)


autotrofia

autotrofia (nominative singular)
autotrofii (genitive singular)
autotrofii (dative singular)
autotrofię (accusative singular)
autotrofią (instrumental singular)
autotrofii (locative singular)
autotrofio (singular vocative)


biogeografia

biogeografia (nominative singular)
biogeografii (genitive singular)
biogeografii (dative singular)
biogeografię (accusative singular)
biogeografią (instrumental singular)
biogeografii (locative singular)
biogeografio (singular vocative)

From bio- + geografia. First attested in 1900, but in common usage only as of 1933.


bionomia

bionomia (nominative singular)
bionomii (genitive singular)
bionomii (dative singular)
bionomię (accusative singular)
bionomią (instrumental singular)
bionomii (locative singular)
bionomio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -nomia. First attested in 1855.


poczwarka

poczwarka (nominative singular)
poczwarki (nominative plural)
poczwarki (genitive singular)
poczwarek (genitive plural)
poczwarce (dative singular)
poczwarkom (dative plural)
poczwarkę (accusative singular)
poczwarki (accusative plural)
poczwarką (instrumental singular)
poczwarkami (instrumental plural)
poczwarce (locative singular)
poczwarkach (locative plural)
poczwarko (singular vocative)
poczwarki (plural vocative)

(entomology) pupa, pupe (insect in the development stage between larva and adult)

(lepidopterology) chrysalis (pupa of a butterfly or moth)


larwa

pl-noun

larwa f (diminutive larwka, related adjective larwalny)

larwka (diminutive)
larwalny (adjective)
larwa (nominative singular)
larwy (nominative plural)
larwy (genitive singular)
larw (genitive plural)
larwie (dative singular)
larwom (dative plural)
larwę (accusative singular)
larwy (accusative plural)
larwą (instrumental singular)
larwami (instrumental plural)
larwie (locative singular)
larwach (locative plural)
larwo (singular vocative)
larwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English larva, French larve, German Larve, ultimately from Latin lārva.

(entomology, lepidopterology) grub, larva, maggot (early stage of growth for some insects, in which after hatching from their egg, they are wingless and resemble a caterpillar or grub)


biotop

biotop (nominative singular)
biotopy (nominative plural)
biotopu (genitive singular)
biotopów (genitive plural)
biotopowi (dative singular)
biotopom (dative plural)
biotop (accusative singular)
biotopy (accusative plural)
biotopem (instrumental singular)
biotopami (instrumental plural)
biotopie (locative singular)
biotopach (locative plural)
biotopie (singular vocative)
biotopy (plural vocative)

From bio- + Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos). First attested in 1925.

(ecology) biotope (geographical area that has a uniform biological environment and a uniform distribution of plants and animals)


sacharoza

sacharoza (nominative singular)
sacharozy (genitive singular)
sacharozie (dative singular)
sacharozę (accusative singular)
sacharozą (instrumental singular)
sacharozie (locative singular)
sacharozo (singular vocative)


ksyloza

ksyloza (nominative singular)
ksylozy (genitive singular)
ksylozie (dative singular)
ksylozę (accusative singular)
ksylozą (instrumental singular)
ksylozie (locative singular)
ksylozo (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon) + -oza.


pąk

pąk m inan (diminutive pączek, related adjective pąkowy)

pączek (diminutive)
pąkowy (adjective)
pąk (nominative singular)
pąki (nominative plural)
pąka (genitive singular)
pąków (genitive plural)
pąkowi (dative singular)
pąkom (dative plural)
pąk (accusative singular)
pąki (accusative plural)
pąkiem (instrumental singular)
pąkami (instrumental plural)
pąku (locative singular)
pąkach (locative plural)
pąku (singular vocative)
pąki (plural vocative)

(botany, horticulture) bud (newly formed leaf or flower that has not yet unfolded)


płetwa

płetwa f (diminutive płetewka, related adjective płetwowy)

płetewka (diminutive)
płetwowy (adjective)
płetwa (nominative singular)
płetwy (nominative plural)
płetwy (genitive singular)
płetw (genitive plural)
płetwie (dative singular)
płetwom (dative plural)
płetwę (accusative singular)
płetwy (accusative plural)
płetwą (instrumental singular)
płetwami (instrumental plural)
płetwie (locative singular)
płetwach (locative plural)
płetwo (singular vocative)
płetwy (plural vocative)
pletwa (alternative obsolete)

Perhaps inherited from Old Polish plutwa.

(ichthyology) fin (one of the appendages of a fish, used to propel itself and to maneuver)


zoospora

zoospora (nominative singular)
zoospory (nominative plural)
zoospory (genitive singular)
zoospor (genitive plural)
zoosporze (dative singular)
zoosporom (dative plural)
zoosporę (accusative singular)
zoospory (accusative plural)
zoosporą (instrumental singular)
zoosporami (instrumental plural)
zoosporze (locative singular)
zoosporach (locative plural)
zoosporo (singular vocative)
zoospory (plural vocative)


negatyw

negatyw (nominative singular)
negatywy (nominative plural)
negatywu (genitive singular)
negatywów (genitive plural)
negatywowi (dative singular)
negatywom (dative plural)
negatyw (accusative singular)
negatywy (accusative plural)
negatywem (instrumental singular)
negatywami (instrumental plural)
negatywie (locative singular)
negatywach (locative plural)
negatywie (singular vocative)
negatywy (plural vocative)

(paleontology) negative (reverse imprint on fossils)


ciąg

ciągowy (adjective)
ciąg (nominative singular)
ciągi (nominative plural)
ciągu (genitive singular)
ciągów (genitive plural)
ciągowi (dative singular)
ciągom (dative plural)
ciąg (accusative singular)
ciągi (accusative plural)
ciągiem (instrumental singular)
ciągami (instrumental plural)
ciągu (locative singular)
ciągach (locative plural)
ciągu (singular vocative)
ciągi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ciąg. By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać.

surf

(zoology) flocking, migration (group movement of animals)


lusterko

lustereczko (diminutive)
lusterko (nominative singular)
lusterka (nominative plural)
lusterka (genitive singular)
lusterek (genitive plural)
lusterku (dative singular)
lusterkom (dative plural)
lusterko (accusative singular)
lusterka (accusative plural)
lusterkiem (instrumental singular)
lusterkami (instrumental plural)
lusterku (locative singular)
lusterkach (locative plural)
lusterko (singular vocative)
lusterka (plural vocative)


acetonemia

acetonemia (nominative singular)
acetonemii (genitive singular)
acetonemii (dative singular)
acetonemię (accusative singular)
acetonemią (instrumental singular)
acetonemii (locative singular)
acetonemio (singular vocative)
acetonemja (alternative)

From Latin acetum + -o- + -emia. First attested in 1888.

ref

Georges Dujardin-Beaumetz (1888) Higijena żywienia, page 152

(veterinary medicine) acetonemia (presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf)


agamia

agamia (nominative singular)
agamii (genitive singular)
agamii (dative singular)
agamię (accusative singular)
agamią (instrumental singular)
agamii (locative singular)
agamio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek αγαμία (agamía). By surface analysis, a- + -gamia. First attested in 1836.

(biology) agamy (inability to sexually reproduce) (as seen in worker bees or ants)


amigdalina

amigdalina (nominative singular)
amigdaliny (genitive singular)
amigdalinie (dative singular)
amigdalinę (accusative singular)
amigdaliną (instrumental singular)
amigdalinie (locative singular)
amigdalino (singular vocative)


nosiciel

pl-noun

nosiciel m pers (female equivalent nosicielka)

nosicielka (feminine)
nosiciel (nominative singular)
nosiciele (nominative plural)
nosiciela (genitive singular)
nosicieli (genitive plural)
nosicielowi (dative singular)
nosicielom (dative plural)
nosiciela (accusative singular)
nosicieli (accusative plural)
nosicielem (instrumental singular)
nosicielami (instrumental plural)
nosicielu (locative singular)
nosicielach (locative plural)
nosicielu (singular vocative)
nosiciele (plural vocative)

(genetics, pathology) carrier (person who has a genetic trait or infectious disease but displays no symptoms)


nosiciel

nosiciel (nominative singular)
nosiciele (nominative plural)
nosiciela (genitive singular)
nosicieli (genitive plural)
nosicielowi (dative singular)
nosicielom (dative plural)
nosiciela (accusative singular)
nosiciele (accusative plural)
nosicielem (instrumental singular)
nosicielami (instrumental plural)
nosicielu (locative singular)
nosicielach (locative plural)
nosicielu (singular vocative)
nosiciele (plural vocative)

(genetics, pathology) carrier (animal that has a genetic trait or infectious disease but displays no symptoms)


blizna

blizenka (diminutive)
blizna (nominative singular)
blizny (nominative plural)
blizny (genitive singular)
blizn (genitive plural)
bliźnie (dative singular)
bliznom (dative plural)
bliznę (accusative singular)
blizny (accusative plural)
blizną (instrumental singular)
bliznami (instrumental plural)
bliźnie (locative singular)
bliznach (locative plural)
blizno (singular vocative)
blizny (plural vocative)
blizma (alternative)

→ Yiddish: בליזנע (blizne)

(botany) scar (trace of a fallen leaf or fallen scales on the shoots of woody plants)

(botany) stigma (sticky part of a flower that receives pollen during pollination)


argonauta

argonauta (nominative singular)
argonauty (nominative plural)
argonauty (genitive singular)
argonautów (genitive plural)
argonaucie (dative singular)
argonautom (dative plural)
argonautę (accusative singular)
argonauty (accusative plural)
argonautą (instrumental singular)
argonautami (instrumental plural)
argonaucie (locative singular)
argonautach (locative plural)
argonauto (singular vocative)
argonauty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Argonauta, from Ancient Greek Ἀργοναύτης (Argonaútēs).

(biology) argonaut (any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae)


trabant

trabancik (diminutive)
trabant (nominative singular)
trabanty (nominative plural)
trabanta (genitive singular)
trabantów (genitive plural)
trabantowi (dative singular)
trabantom (dative plural)
trabanta (accusative singular)
trabanty (accusative plural)
trabantem (instrumental singular)
trabantami (instrumental plural)
trabancie (locative singular)
trabantach (locative plural)
trabancie (singular vocative)
trabanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trabant, from Middle High German drabant. Doublet of drab and drabant.

satellite chromosome
satellite chromosome

(genetics) satellite chromosome, SAT chromosome


bentos

bentos (nominative singular)
bentosu (genitive singular)
bentosowi (dative singular)
bentos (accusative singular)
bentosem (instrumental singular)
bentosie (locative singular)
bentosie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βένθος (bénthos).


histamina

histamina (nominative singular)
histaminy (genitive singular)
histaminie (dative singular)
histaminę (accusative singular)
histaminą (instrumental singular)
histaminie (locative singular)
histamino (singular vocative)


zespół

pl-noun

zespół m inan (diminutive zespolik, related adjective zespołowy)

zespolik (diminutive)
zespołowy (adjective)
zespół (nominative singular)
zespoły (nominative plural)
zespołu (genitive singular)
zespołów (genitive plural)
zespołowi (dative singular)
zespołom (dative plural)
zespół (accusative singular)
zespoły (accusative plural)
zespołem (instrumental singular)
zespołami (instrumental plural)
zespole (locative singular)
zespołach (locative plural)
zespole (singular vocative)
zespoły (plural vocative)

Deverbal from zespolić. First attested in 1834.

ref

Orędownik Naukowy (in Polish), number 2, 1834 January 9, page 13

(botany) network; community; system (plant community with a specific structure and species composition, characterized by specific ecological properties)


rdzeń

pl-noun

rdzeń m inan (related adjective rdzeniowy or rdzenny)

rdzeniowy (adjective)
rdzenny (adjective)
rdzeń (nominative singular)
rdzenie (nominative plural)
rdzenia (genitive singular)
rdzeni (genitive plural)
rdzeniowi (dative singular)
rdzeniom (dative plural)
rdzeń (accusative singular)
rdzenie (accusative plural)
rdzeniem (instrumental singular)
rdzeniami (instrumental plural)
rdzeniu (locative singular)
rdzeniach (locative plural)
rdzeniu (singular vocative)
rdzenie (plural vocative)
drżeń (alternative Middle Polish)
drzeń (alternative Middle Polish)
drdzeń (alternative)
drzeń (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish drzeń. Sense 7 is a semantic loan from English core.

sl

(botany) pith, medulla (soft tissue filling the root, stem, or trunk of a tree)


klimaks

klimaks (nominative singular)
klimaksy (nominative plural)
klimaksu (genitive singular)
klimaksów (genitive plural)
klimaksowi (dative singular)
klimaksom (dative plural)
klimaks (accusative singular)
klimaksy (accusative plural)
klimaksem (instrumental singular)
klimaksami (instrumental plural)
klimaksie (locative singular)
klimaksach (locative plural)
klimaksie (singular vocative)
klimaksy (plural vocative)

(ecology) climax (the culmination of ecological development, whereby species are in equilibrium with their environment)


cytoplazmatyczny

pl-adj

cytoplazmatyczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

cytoplazmatyczny (masculine nominative singular)
cytoplazmatyczna (feminine nominative singular)
cytoplazmatyczne (neuter nominative singular)
cytoplazmatyczni (nominative plural virile)
cytoplazmatyczne (nominative plural)
cytoplazmatycznego (genitive masculine singular)
cytoplazmatycznej (feminine genitive singular)
cytoplazmatycznego (genitive neuter singular)
cytoplazmatycznych (genitive plural)
cytoplazmatycznych (genitive plural virile)
cytoplazmatycznemu (dative masculine singular)
cytoplazmatycznej (dative feminine singular)
cytoplazmatycznemu (dative neuter singular)
cytoplazmatycznym (dative plural)
cytoplazmatycznym (dative plural virile)
cytoplazmatycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
cytoplazmatyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
cytoplazmatyczną (accusative feminine singular)
cytoplazmatyczne (accusative neuter singular)
cytoplazmatycznych (accusative plural virile)
cytoplazmatyczne (accusative plural)
cytoplazmatycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
cytoplazmatyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
cytoplazmatycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
cytoplazmatycznymi (instrumental plural)
cytoplazmatycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
cytoplazmatycznym (locative masculine singular)
cytoplazmatycznej (feminine locative singular)
cytoplazmatycznym (locative neuter singular)
cytoplazmatycznych (locative plural)
cytoplazmatycznych (locative plural virile)


galaktoza

galaktoza (nominative singular)
galaktozy (nominative plural)
galaktozy (genitive singular)
galaktoz (genitive plural)
galaktozie (dative singular)
galaktozom (dative plural)
galaktozę (accusative singular)
galaktozy (accusative plural)
galaktozą (instrumental singular)
galaktozami (instrumental plural)
galaktozie (locative singular)
galaktozach (locative plural)
galaktozo (singular vocative)
galaktozy (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek γάλακτος (gálaktos) + -oza.

af

grc:γάλακτος


płatek

płateczek (diminutive)
płatek (nominative singular)
płatki (nominative plural)
płatka (genitive singular)
płatków (genitive plural)
płatkowi (dative singular)
płatkom (dative plural)
płatek (accusative singular)
płatki (accusative plural)
płatkiem (instrumental singular)
płatkami (instrumental plural)
płatku (locative singular)
płatkach (locative plural)
płatku (singular vocative)
płatki (plural vocative)


obrót

obrót (nominative singular)
obroty (nominative plural)
obrotu (genitive singular)
obrotów (genitive plural)
obrotowi (dative singular)
obrotom (dative plural)
obrót (accusative singular)
obroty (accusative plural)
obrotem (instrumental singular)
obrotami (instrumental plural)
obrocie (locative singular)
obrotach (locative plural)
obrocie (singular vocative)
obroty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvortъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrócić. First attested in 1535.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obrót”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable, obsolete, zootomy) animal's vertebra


autekologia

autekologia (nominative singular)
autekologii (genitive singular)
autekologii (dative singular)
autekologię (accusative singular)
autekologią (instrumental singular)
autekologii (locative singular)
autekologio (singular vocative)


reprodukcja

reprodukcja (nominative singular)
reprodukcji (genitive singular)
reprodukcji (dative singular)
reprodukcję (accusative singular)
reprodukcją (instrumental singular)
reprodukcji (locative singular)
reprodukcjo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English reproduction, French reproduction, Russian репроду́кция (reprodúkcija), ultimately from Latin reprōductiō.

cog

репроду́кция


gospodarz

pl-noun

gospodarz m pers (female equivalent gospodyni)

gospodyni (feminine)
gospodarz (nominative singular)
gospodarze (nominative plural)
gospodarza (genitive singular)
gospodarzy (genitive plural)
gospodarzowi (dative singular)
gospodarzom (dative plural)
gospodarza (accusative singular)
gospodarzy (accusative plural)
gospodarzem (instrumental singular)
gospodarzami (instrumental plural)
gospodarzu (locative singular)
gospodarzach (locative plural)
gospodarzu (singular vocative)
gospodarze (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis
Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis
Proto-Slavic *gospodь
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ
Proto-Slavic *-a
Proto-Slavic *gospoda
Latin -ariusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-areis)bor.
Proto-Slavic *-ařь
Proto-Slavic *gospodãřь
Polish gospodarz
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodãřь. Doublet of hospodar.


antropoid

antropoid (nominative singular)
antropoidy (nominative plural)
antropoida (genitive singular)
antropoidów (genitive plural)
antropoidowi (dative singular)
antropoidom (dative plural)
antropoida (accusative singular)
antropoidy (accusative plural)
antropoidem (instrumental singular)
antropoidami (instrumental plural)
antropoidzie (locative singular)
antropoidach (locative plural)
antropoidzie (singular vocative)
antropoidy (plural vocative)

(zoology) ape, anthropoid ape, anthropoid, simian (an animal most closely related to humans, having four limbs and a hairy body)


zoologiczny

pl-adj

zoologiczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

zoologiczny (masculine nominative singular)
zoologiczna (feminine nominative singular)
zoologiczne (neuter nominative singular)
zoologiczni (nominative plural virile)
zoologiczne (nominative plural)
zoologicznego (genitive masculine singular)
zoologicznej (feminine genitive singular)
zoologicznego (genitive neuter singular)
zoologicznych (genitive plural)
zoologicznych (genitive plural virile)
zoologicznemu (dative masculine singular)
zoologicznej (dative feminine singular)
zoologicznemu (dative neuter singular)
zoologicznym (dative plural)
zoologicznym (dative plural virile)
zoologicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
zoologiczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
zoologiczną (accusative feminine singular)
zoologiczne (accusative neuter singular)
zoologicznych (accusative plural virile)
zoologiczne (accusative plural)
zoologicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
zoologiczną (feminine instrumental singular)
zoologicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
zoologicznymi (instrumental plural)
zoologicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
zoologicznym (locative masculine singular)
zoologicznej (feminine locative singular)
zoologicznym (locative neuter singular)
zoologicznych (locative plural)
zoologicznych (locative plural virile)

(relational, zoology) zoological (of, or relating to animals)

(relational, zoology) zoological (of, or relating to zoology)


woskowina

pl-noun

woskowina f (related adjective woskowinowy)

woskowinowy (adjective)
woskowina (nominative singular)
woskowiny (genitive singular)
woskowinie (dative singular)
woskowinę (accusative singular)
woskowiną (instrumental singular)
woskowinie (locative singular)
woskowino (singular vocative)

(botany) wax (sticky substance that covers the surface of leaves, stems, and fruits of some plants)


biom

biom (nominative singular)
biomy (nominative plural)
biomu (genitive singular)
biomów (genitive plural)
biomowi (dative singular)
biomom (dative plural)
biom (accusative singular)
biomy (accusative plural)
biomem (instrumental singular)
biomami (instrumental plural)
biomie (locative singular)
biomach (locative plural)
biomie (singular vocative)
biomy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English biome. Ultimately from bio- + Ancient Greek -μα (-ma). First attested in 1955.


autochtoniczny

pl-adj

autochtoniczny (not comparable, derived adverb autochtonicznie)

autochtoniczny (masculine nominative singular)
autochtoniczna (feminine nominative singular)
autochtoniczne (neuter nominative singular)
autochtoniczni (nominative plural virile)
autochtoniczne (nominative plural)
autochtonicznego (genitive masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (feminine genitive singular)
autochtonicznego (genitive neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (genitive plural)
autochtonicznych (genitive plural virile)
autochtonicznemu (dative masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (dative feminine singular)
autochtonicznemu (dative neuter singular)
autochtonicznym (dative plural)
autochtonicznym (dative plural virile)
autochtonicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
autochtoniczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
autochtoniczną (accusative feminine singular)
autochtoniczne (accusative neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (accusative plural virile)
autochtoniczne (accusative plural)
autochtonicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
autochtoniczną (feminine instrumental singular)
autochtonicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
autochtonicznymi (instrumental plural)
autochtonicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
autochtonicznym (locative masculine singular)
autochtonicznej (feminine locative singular)
autochtonicznym (locative neuter singular)
autochtonicznych (locative plural)
autochtonicznych (locative plural virile)

(relational, geology, botany) autochthonous


satelita

satelita (nominative singular)
satelity (nominative plural)
satelity (genitive singular)
satelitów (genitive plural)
satelicie (dative singular)
satelitom (dative plural)
satelitę (accusative singular)
satelitów (accusative plural)
satelitą (instrumental singular)
satelitami (instrumental plural)
satelicie (locative singular)
satelitach (locative plural)
satelito (singular vocative)
satelity (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin satellitis.


czepek

pl-noun

czepek m inan (diminutive (dialectal) cepusek, augmentative (dialectal) czépczyszcze)

cepusek (dialectal diminutive)
czépczyszcze (augmentative dialectal)
czepek (nominative singular)
czepki (nominative plural)
czepka (genitive singular)
czepków (genitive plural)
czepkowi (dative singular)
czepkom (dative plural)
czepek (accusative singular)
czepki (accusative plural)
czepkiem (instrumental singular)
czepkami (instrumental plural)
czepku (locative singular)
czepkach (locative plural)
czepku (singular vocative)
czepki (plural vocative)
cepyk (alternative)
czepyk (alternative)


endemiczny

pl-adj

endemiczny (not comparable, derived adverb endemicznie)

endemiczny (masculine nominative singular)
endemiczna (feminine nominative singular)
endemiczne (neuter nominative singular)
endemiczni (nominative plural virile)
endemiczne (nominative plural)
endemicznego (genitive masculine singular)
endemicznej (feminine genitive singular)
endemicznego (genitive neuter singular)
endemicznych (genitive plural)
endemicznych (genitive plural virile)
endemicznemu (dative masculine singular)
endemicznej (dative feminine singular)
endemicznemu (dative neuter singular)
endemicznym (dative plural)
endemicznym (dative plural virile)
endemicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
endemiczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
endemiczną (accusative feminine singular)
endemiczne (accusative neuter singular)
endemicznych (accusative plural virile)
endemiczne (accusative plural)
endemicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
endemiczną (feminine instrumental singular)
endemicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
endemicznymi (instrumental plural)
endemicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
endemicznym (locative masculine singular)
endemicznej (feminine locative singular)
endemicznym (locative neuter singular)
endemicznych (locative plural)
endemicznych (locative plural virile)

Internationalism; compare English endemic, French endémique, German endemisch, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔνδημος (éndēmos) + -ny.

(biology) endemic (peculiar to a particular area)


falanga

falangowy (adjective)
falanga (nominative singular)
falangi (genitive singular)
falandze (dative singular)
falangę (accusative singular)
falangą (instrumental singular)
falandze (locative singular)
falango (singular vocative)

(botany) phalanx (type of plant growth characterized by the formation of clumps)


epifit

epifit (nominative singular)
epifity (nominative plural)
epifitu (genitive singular)
epifitów (genitive plural)
epifitowi (dative singular)
epifitom (dative plural)
epifit (accusative singular)
epifity (accusative plural)
epifitem (instrumental singular)
epifitami (instrumental plural)
epificie (locative singular)
epifitach (locative plural)
epificie (singular vocative)
epifity (plural vocative)


niełupka

niełupka (nominative singular)
niełupki (nominative plural)
niełupki (genitive singular)
niełupek (genitive plural)
niełupce (dative singular)
niełupkom (dative plural)
niełupkę (accusative singular)
niełupki (accusative plural)
niełupką (instrumental singular)
niełupkami (instrumental plural)
niełupce (locative singular)
niełupkach (locative plural)
niełupko (singular vocative)
niełupki (plural vocative)


antygen

antygen (nominative singular)
antygeny (nominative plural)
antygenu (genitive singular)
antygenów (genitive plural)
antygenowi (dative singular)
antygenom (dative plural)
antygen (accusative singular)
antygeny (accusative plural)
antygenem (instrumental singular)
antygenami (instrumental plural)
antygenie (locative singular)
antygenach (locative plural)
antygenie (singular vocative)
antygeny (plural vocative)


szczoteczka

szczoteczka (nominative singular)
szczoteczki (nominative plural)
szczoteczki (genitive singular)
szczoteczek (genitive plural)
szczoteczce (dative singular)
szczoteczkom (dative plural)
szczoteczkę (accusative singular)
szczoteczki (accusative plural)
szczoteczką (instrumental singular)
szczoteczkami (instrumental plural)
szczoteczce (locative singular)
szczoteczkach (locative plural)
szczoteczko (singular vocative)
szczoteczki (plural vocative)

/ʂt͡ʂɔˈtɛt͡ʂ.ka/


poduszeczka

poduszeczka (nominative singular)
poduszeczki (nominative plural)
poduszeczki (genitive singular)
poduszeczek (genitive plural)
poduszeczce (dative singular)
poduszeczkom (dative plural)
poduszeczkę (accusative singular)
poduszeczki (accusative plural)
poduszeczką (instrumental singular)
poduszeczkami (instrumental plural)
poduszeczce (locative singular)
poduszeczkach (locative plural)
poduszeczko (singular vocative)
poduszeczki (plural vocative)

poduszeczka liściowa
poduszeczka liściowa#Polish

(botany) ellipsis of poduszeczka liściowa (“pulvinus”)


pokrywa

pokrywka (diminutive)
pokrywa (nominative singular)
pokrywy (nominative plural)
pokrywy (genitive singular)
pokryw (genitive plural)
pokrywie (dative singular)
pokrywom (dative plural)
pokrywę (accusative singular)
pokrywy (accusative plural)
pokrywą (instrumental singular)
pokrywami (instrumental plural)
pokrywie (locative singular)
pokrywach (locative plural)
pokrywo (singular vocative)
pokrywy (plural vocative)

(ornithology) covert, tectrix (type of feather)


wodniczek

wodniczek (nominative singular)
wodniczki (nominative plural)
wodniczka (genitive singular)
wodniczków (genitive plural)
wodniczkowi (dative singular)
wodniczkom (dative plural)
wodniczek (accusative singular)
wodniczki (accusative plural)
wodniczkiem (instrumental singular)
wodniczkami (instrumental plural)
wodniczku (locative singular)
wodniczkach (locative plural)
wodniczku (singular vocative)
wodniczki (plural vocative)

(biology, cytology) type of vesicle in protozoans

(botany, cytology) type of vesicle in plant cells


źdźbło

pl-noun

źdźbło n (diminutive ździebełko, related adjective źdźbłowy)

ździebełko (diminutive)
źdźbłowy (adjective)
źdźbło (nominative singular)
źdźbła (nominative plural)
źdźbła (genitive singular)
źdźbeł (genitive plural)
źdźbłu (dative singular)
źdźbłom (dative plural)
źdźbło (accusative singular)
źdźbła (accusative plural)
źdźbłem (instrumental singular)
źdźbłami (instrumental plural)
źdźble (locative singular)
źdźbłach (locative plural)
źdźbło (singular vocative)
źdźbła (plural vocative)
ździebło (alternative)
ścibło (alternative)

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

Siwe, lodowate bicze deszczów siekły bezustannie ziemię i przemiękały do głębi, aż drzewo każde, źdźbło każde dygotało w bezmiernym bólu.

1941, Władysław Stanisław Reymont, translated by Michael H. Dziewicki, Chłopi [The Peasants]:

The rain, like scourges of ashen-gray hue, unceasingly beat upon the earth, soaking every tree to its very centre, and making every blade of grass quiver, as in dire pain.

Ale badacze potrafią ją wypatrzyć, bo po obu stronach źdźbła wystają wielkie oczy.

2013 December 8, Tomasz Kłosowski, “Ładne męskie nogi nad wodą”, in Rzeczpospolita:

But the researchers can spot it because large eyes stick out on both sides of the blade of grass.

(botany) blade, culm (narrow leaf of a grass or cereal)


śpiew

śpiew (nominative singular)
śpiewy (nominative plural)
śpiewu (genitive singular)
śpiewów (genitive plural)
śpiewowi (dative singular)
śpiewom (dative plural)
śpiew (accusative singular)
śpiewy (accusative plural)
śpiewem (instrumental singular)
śpiewami (instrumental plural)
śpiewie (locative singular)
śpiewach (locative plural)
śpiewie (singular vocative)
śpiewy (plural vocative)


astrobiolog

astrobiolog (nominative singular)
astrobiolodzy (nominative plural)
astrobiologowie (nominative plural)
astrobiologi (derogatory nominative plural)
astrobiologa (genitive singular)
astrobiologów (genitive plural)
astrobiologowi (dative singular)
astrobiologom (dative plural)
astrobiologa (accusative singular)
astrobiologów (accusative plural)
astrobiologiem (instrumental singular)
astrobiologami (instrumental plural)
astrobiologu (locative singular)
astrobiologach (locative plural)
astrobiologu (singular vocative)
astrobiolodzy (plural vocative)
astrobiologowie (plural vocative)


dwuwargowy

pl-adj

dwuwargowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

dwuwargowy (masculine nominative singular)
dwuwargowa (feminine nominative singular)
dwuwargowe (neuter nominative singular)
dwuwargowi (nominative plural virile)
dwuwargowe (nominative plural)
dwuwargowego (genitive masculine singular)
dwuwargowej (feminine genitive singular)
dwuwargowego (genitive neuter singular)
dwuwargowych (genitive plural)
dwuwargowych (genitive plural virile)
dwuwargowemu (dative masculine singular)
dwuwargowej (dative feminine singular)
dwuwargowemu (dative neuter singular)
dwuwargowym (dative plural)
dwuwargowym (dative plural virile)
dwuwargowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
dwuwargowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
dwuwargową (accusative feminine singular)
dwuwargowe (accusative neuter singular)
dwuwargowych (accusative plural virile)
dwuwargowe (accusative plural)
dwuwargowym (instrumental masculine singular)
dwuwargową (feminine instrumental singular)
dwuwargowym (instrumental neuter singular)
dwuwargowymi (instrumental plural)
dwuwargowymi (instrumental plural virile)
dwuwargowym (locative masculine singular)
dwuwargowej (feminine locative singular)
dwuwargowym (locative neuter singular)
dwuwargowych (locative plural)
dwuwargowych (locative plural virile)


blastoid

blastoid (nominative singular)
blastoidy (nominative plural)
blastoidu (genitive singular)
blastoidów (genitive plural)
blastoidowi (dative singular)
blastoidom (dative plural)
blastoid (accusative singular)
blastoidy (accusative plural)
blastoidem (instrumental singular)
blastoidami (instrumental plural)
blastoidzie (locative singular)
blastoidach (locative plural)
blastoidzie (singular vocative)
blastoidy (plural vocative)

From blasto- + -id. First attested in 1892.


biogen

biogen (nominative singular)
biogeny (nominative plural)
biogenu (genitive singular)
biogenów (genitive plural)
biogenowi (dative singular)
biogenom (dative plural)
biogen (accusative singular)
biogeny (accusative plural)
biogenem (instrumental singular)
biogenami (instrumental plural)
biogenie (locative singular)
biogenach (locative plural)
biogenie (singular vocative)
biogeny (plural vocative)

From bio- + -gen. First attested in 1895.


aeroplankton

aeroplankton (nominative singular)
aeroplanktonu (genitive singular)
aeroplanktonowi (dative singular)
aeroplankton (accusative singular)
aeroplanktonem (instrumental singular)
aeroplanktonie (locative singular)
aeroplanktonie (singular vocative)

From aero- + plankton. First attested in 1933.

ref

Polska Akademia Umiejętności (1933) Prace rolniczo-leśne (in Polish)


czapeczka

czapeczka (nominative singular)
czapeczki (nominative plural)
czapeczki (genitive singular)
czapeczek (genitive plural)
czapeczce (dative singular)
czapeczkom (dative plural)
czapeczkę (accusative singular)
czapeczki (accusative plural)
czapeczką (instrumental singular)
czapeczkami (instrumental plural)
czapeczce (locative singular)
czapeczkach (locative plural)
czapeczko (singular vocative)
czapeczki (plural vocative)

(botany) calyptra, operculum, rootcap (type of tissue at the tip of a plant root)


acefalia

acefalia (nominative singular)
acefalii (genitive singular)
acefalii (dative singular)
acefalię (accusative singular)
acefalią (instrumental singular)
acefalii (locative singular)
acefalio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκέφαλος (aképhalos). By surface analysis, a- + -cefalia. First attested in 1962.

ref

acefalia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(pathology, biology) acephaly, acephalia, acephalism


mikroorganizm

mikroorganizm (nominative singular)
mikroorganizmy (nominative plural)
mikroorganizmu (genitive singular)
mikroorganizmów (genitive plural)
mikroorganizmowi (dative singular)
mikroorganizmom (dative plural)
mikroorganizm (accusative singular)
mikroorganizmy (accusative plural)
mikroorganizmem (instrumental singular)
mikroorganizmami (instrumental plural)
mikroorganizmie (locative singular)
mikroorganizmach (locative plural)
mikroorganizmie (singular vocative)
mikroorganizmy (plural vocative)


glikogen

glikogen (nominative singular)
glikogenu (genitive singular)
glikogenowi (dative singular)
glikogen (accusative singular)
glikogenem (instrumental singular)
glikogenie (locative singular)
glikogenie (singular vocative)


polisacharyd

polisacharyd (nominative singular)
polisacharydy (nominative plural)
polisacharydu (genitive singular)
polisacharydów (genitive plural)
polisacharydowi (dative singular)
polisacharydom (dative plural)
polisacharyd (accusative singular)
polisacharydy (accusative plural)
polisacharydem (instrumental singular)
polisacharydami (instrumental plural)
polisacharydzie (locative singular)
polisacharydach (locative plural)
polisacharydzie (singular vocative)
polisacharydy (plural vocative)


torebka

torebeczka (diminutive)
torebka (nominative singular)
torebki (nominative plural)
torebki (genitive singular)
torebek (genitive plural)
torebce (dative singular)
torebkom (dative plural)
torebkę (accusative singular)
torebki (accusative plural)
torebką (instrumental singular)
torebkami (instrumental plural)
torebce (locative singular)
torebkach (locative plural)
torebko (singular vocative)
torebki (plural vocative)


wędrowny

pl-adj

wędrowny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

wędrowny (masculine nominative singular)
wędrowna (feminine nominative singular)
wędrowne (neuter nominative singular)
wędrowni (nominative plural virile)
wędrowne (nominative plural)
wędrownego (genitive masculine singular)
wędrownej (feminine genitive singular)
wędrownego (genitive neuter singular)
wędrownych (genitive plural)
wędrownych (genitive plural virile)
wędrownemu (dative masculine singular)
wędrownej (dative feminine singular)
wędrownemu (dative neuter singular)
wędrownym (dative plural)
wędrownym (dative plural virile)
wędrownego (accusative animate masculine singular)
wędrowny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
wędrowną (accusative feminine singular)
wędrowne (accusative neuter singular)
wędrownych (accusative plural virile)
wędrowne (accusative plural)
wędrownym (instrumental masculine singular)
wędrowną (feminine instrumental singular)
wędrownym (instrumental neuter singular)
wędrownymi (instrumental plural)
wędrownymi (instrumental plural virile)
wędrownym (locative masculine singular)
wędrownej (feminine locative singular)
wędrownym (locative neuter singular)
wędrownych (locative plural)
wędrownych (locative plural virile)


anabolik

anabolik (nominative singular)
anaboliki (nominative plural)
anaboliku (genitive singular)
anabolików (genitive plural)
anabolikowi (dative singular)
anabolikom (dative plural)
anabolik (accusative singular)
anaboliki (accusative plural)
anabolikiem (instrumental singular)
anabolikami (instrumental plural)
anaboliku (locative singular)
anabolikach (locative plural)
anaboliku (singular vocative)
anaboliki (plural vocative)

From anabolizm + -ik. First attested in 1905, but in common usage only as of 1969.

ref

anabolik in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

ampułki anabolików

przemyt anabolików

handlarz anabolikami/anabolików

handel anabolikami

zażywać anaboliki

stosować anaboliki/używać anabolików

brać anaboliki

(biochemistry) anabolic, anabolic steroid


ość

ostka (diminutive)
ość (nominative singular)
ości (nominative plural)
ości (genitive singular)
ości (genitive plural)
ości (dative singular)
ościom (dative plural)
ość (accusative singular)
ości (accusative plural)
ością (instrumental singular)
ościami (instrumental plural)
ośćmi (instrumental plural)
ości (locative singular)
ościach (locative plural)
ości (singular vocative)
ości (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostь. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”) or more likely from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


neotenia

pl-noun

neotenia f (related adjective neoteniczny)

neoteniczny (adjective)
neotenia (nominative singular)
neotenii (genitive singular)
neotenii (dative singular)
neotenię (accusative singular)
neotenią (instrumental singular)
neotenii (locative singular)
neotenio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English neoteny, French néoténie, German Neotenie, ultimately from Ancient Greek νέος (néos) + τείνειν (teínein).

(biology) neoteny (retention of juvenile characteristics in the adult)

(biology) neoteny (sexual maturity of an organism still in its larval stage)


mitoza

mitoza (nominative singular)
mitozy (nominative plural)
mitozy (genitive singular)
mitoz (genitive plural)
mitozie (dative singular)
mitozom (dative plural)
mitozę (accusative singular)
mitozy (accusative plural)
mitozą (instrumental singular)
mitozami (instrumental plural)
mitozie (locative singular)
mitozach (locative plural)
mitozo (singular vocative)
mitozy (plural vocative)

(cytology) mitosis (division of a cell nucleus)


gromada

gromadka (diminutive)
gromada (nominative singular)
gromady (nominative plural)
gromady (genitive singular)
gromad (genitive plural)
gromadzie (dative singular)
gromadom (dative plural)
gromadę (accusative singular)
gromady (accusative plural)
gromadą (instrumental singular)
gromadami (instrumental plural)
gromadzie (locative singular)
gromadach (locative plural)
gromado (singular vocative)
gromady (plural vocative)


aerob

aerob (nominative singular)
aeroby (nominative plural)
aeroba (genitive singular)
aerobów (genitive plural)
aerobowi (dative singular)
aerobom (dative plural)
aeroba (accusative singular)
aeroby (accusative plural)
aerobem (instrumental singular)
aerobami (instrumental plural)
aerobie (locative singular)
aerobach (locative plural)
aerobie (singular vocative)
aeroby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English aerobe, from aero- + Ancient Greek βίος (bíos). First attested in 1887.

ref

Rolnik i Hodowca : tygodnik przemysłowo-rolniczy, number R. 4, nr 26, 1887, page 306


anaerob

anaerob (nominative singular)
anaeroby (nominative plural)
anaeroba (genitive singular)
anaerobów (genitive plural)
anaerobowi (dative singular)
anaerobom (dative plural)
anaeroba (accusative singular)
anaeroby (accusative plural)
anaerobem (instrumental singular)
anaerobami (instrumental plural)
anaerobie (locative singular)
anaerobach (locative plural)
anaerobie (singular vocative)
anaeroby (plural vocative)
anaerobiont (alternative)

From an- + aero- + -b(iont). First attested in 1887.

Rolnik i Hodowca : tygodnik przemysłowo-rolniczy (in Polish), number R. 4, nr 26, 1887


matryca

matrycowy (adjective)
matryca (nominative singular)
matryce (nominative plural)
matrycy (genitive singular)
matryc (genitive plural)
matrycy (dative singular)
matrycom (dative plural)
matrycę (accusative singular)
matryce (accusative plural)
matrycą (instrumental singular)
matrycami (instrumental plural)
matrycy (locative singular)
matrycach (locative plural)
matryco (singular vocative)
matryce (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Matrize. Doublet of matrix.

(genetics, molecular biology) matrix (single chain of DNA or RNA from which genetic information is transferred to descendant cells or organisms)


muton

muton (nominative singular)
mutony (nominative plural)
mutonu (genitive singular)
mutonów (genitive plural)
mutonowi (dative singular)
mutonom (dative plural)
muton (accusative singular)
mutony (accusative plural)
mutonem (instrumental singular)
mutonami (instrumental plural)
mutonie (locative singular)
mutonach (locative plural)
mutonie (singular vocative)
mutony (plural vocative)


auramina

auramina (nominative singular)
auraminy (genitive singular)
auraminie (dative singular)
auraminę (accusative singular)
auraminą (instrumental singular)
auraminie (locative singular)
auramino (singular vocative)


allometria

allometria (nominative singular)
allometrii (genitive singular)
allometrii (dative singular)
allometrię (accusative singular)
allometrią (instrumental singular)
allometrii (locative singular)
allometrio (singular vocative)

From allo- + -metria. First attested in 1938.

Wszechświat : tygodnik popularny poświęcony naukom przyrodniczym (in Polish), number 2, 1938, page 51

allometria in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


ampelografia

ampelografia (nominative singular)
ampelografii (genitive singular)
ampelografii (dative singular)
ampelografię (accusative singular)
ampelografią (instrumental singular)
ampelografii (locative singular)
ampelografio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos) + -o- + -grafia. First attested in 1892.

ref

Ogrodnik Polski (in Polish), number R. 14, nr 4, 1892, page 77


karpa

karpa (nominative singular)
karpy (nominative plural)
karpy (genitive singular)
karp (genitive plural)
karpie (dative singular)
karpom (dative plural)
karpę (accusative singular)
karpy (accusative plural)
karpą (instrumental singular)
karpami (instrumental plural)
karpie (locative singular)
karpach (locative plural)
karpo (singular vocative)
karpy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъrpa, possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kúrˀpāˀ.

(botany) the underground part of some perennials


nekroza

nekroza (nominative singular)
nekrozy (genitive singular)
nekrozie (dative singular)
nekrozę (accusative singular)
nekrozą (instrumental singular)
nekrozie (locative singular)
nekrozo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English necrosis, French nécrose, or German Nekrose, from Ancient Greek νέκρωσις (nékrōsis).

(botany, pathology) necrosis (pathological death of plant tissues caused by various pathogens)


wąs

pl-noun

wąs m inan (diminutive wąsik, augmentative wąsisko)

wąsik (diminutive)
wąsisko (augmentative)
wąs (nominative singular)
wąsy (nominative plural)
wąsa (genitive singular)
wąsów (genitive plural)
wąsowi (dative singular)
wąsom (dative plural)
wąs (accusative singular)
wąsy (accusative plural)
wąsem (instrumental singular)
wąsami (instrumental plural)
wąsie (locative singular)
wąsach (locative plural)
wąsie (singular vocative)
wąsy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wąs, from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ. For sense 4, compare English beard.

gdyby babcia miała wąsy, toby była dziadkiem


prowitamina

prowitamina (nominative singular)
prowitaminy (nominative plural)
prowitaminy (genitive singular)
prowitamin (genitive plural)
prowitaminie (dative singular)
prowitaminom (dative plural)
prowitaminę (accusative singular)
prowitaminy (accusative plural)
prowitaminą (instrumental singular)
prowitaminami (instrumental plural)
prowitaminie (locative singular)
prowitaminach (locative plural)
prowitamino (singular vocative)
prowitaminy (plural vocative)

(biochemistry) provitamin, vitamer (any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism)


nibynóżka

nibynóżka (nominative singular)
nibynóżki (nominative plural)
nibynóżki (genitive singular)
nibynóżek (genitive plural)
nibynóżce (dative singular)
nibynóżkom (dative plural)
nibynóżkę (accusative singular)
nibynóżki (accusative plural)
nibynóżką (instrumental singular)
nibynóżkami (instrumental plural)
nibynóżce (locative singular)
nibynóżkach (locative plural)
nibynóżko (singular vocative)
nibynóżki (plural vocative)


jurajski

pl-adj

jurajski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

jurajski (masculine nominative singular)
jurajska (feminine nominative singular)
jurajskie (neuter nominative singular)
jurajscy (nominative plural virile)
jurajskie (nominative plural)
jurajskiego (genitive masculine singular)
jurajskiej (feminine genitive singular)
jurajskiego (genitive neuter singular)
jurajskich (genitive plural)
jurajskich (genitive plural virile)
jurajskiemu (dative masculine singular)
jurajskiej (dative feminine singular)
jurajskiemu (dative neuter singular)
jurajskim (dative plural)
jurajskim (dative plural virile)
jurajskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
jurajski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
jurajską (accusative feminine singular)
jurajskie (accusative neuter singular)
jurajskich (accusative plural virile)
jurajskie (accusative plural)
jurajskim (instrumental masculine singular)
jurajską (feminine instrumental singular)
jurajskim (instrumental neuter singular)
jurajskimi (instrumental plural)
jurajskimi (instrumental plural virile)
jurajskim (locative masculine singular)
jurajskiej (feminine locative singular)
jurajskim (locative neuter singular)
jurajskich (locative plural)
jurajskich (locative plural virile)

(geology, paleontology, relational) Jurassic (of period from 200 to 145 million years ago)


aminek

aminek (nominative singular)
aminki (nominative plural)
aminka (genitive singular)
aminków (genitive plural)
aminkowi (dative singular)
aminkom (dative plural)
aminek (accusative singular)
aminki (accusative plural)
aminkiem (instrumental singular)
aminkami (instrumental plural)
aminku (locative singular)
aminkach (locative plural)
aminku (singular vocative)
aminki (plural vocative)

From Latin ammi, from Ancient Greek ἄμμῐ (ámmĭ) + -ek. First attested in 1568.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aminek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(botany) any plant of the genus Ammi
bishop's weed (Ammi majus)

(Middle Polish) toothpickweed (Ammi visnaga)

any plant of the genus Ammi
toothpickweed (Ammi visnaga)


słój

słój (nominative singular)
słoje (nominative plural)
słoja (genitive singular)
słojów (genitive plural)
słoi (genitive plural)
słojowi (dative singular)
słojom (dative plural)
słój (accusative singular)
słoje (accusative plural)
słojem (instrumental singular)
słojami (instrumental plural)
słoju (locative singular)
słojach (locative plural)
słoju (singular vocative)
słoje (plural vocative)

(botany) tree ring (annual growth ring in the trunk of a tree)


osobnik

osobnik (nominative singular)
osobniki (nominative plural)
osobnika (genitive singular)
osobników (genitive plural)
osobnikowi (dative singular)
osobnikom (dative plural)
osobnika (accusative singular)
osobniki (accusative plural)
osobnikiem (instrumental singular)
osobnikami (instrumental plural)
osobniku (locative singular)
osobnikach (locative plural)
osobniku (singular vocative)
osobniki (plural vocative)

(biology) specimen (individual member of a species)


bioklimatologia

bioklimatologia (nominative singular)
bioklimatologii (genitive singular)
bioklimatologii (dative singular)
bioklimatologię (accusative singular)
bioklimatologią (instrumental singular)
bioklimatologii (locative singular)
bioklimatologio (singular vocative)

From bio- + klimatologia. First attested in 1934.


ptasie mleczko

ptasie mleczko (nominative singular)
ptasie mleczka (nominative plural)
ptasiego mleczka (genitive singular)
ptasich mleczek (genitive plural)
ptasiemu mleczku (dative singular)
ptasim mleczkom (dative plural)
ptasie mleczko (accusative singular)
ptasie mleczka (accusative plural)
ptasim mleczkiem (instrumental singular)
ptasimi mleczkami (instrumental plural)
ptasim mleczku (locative singular)
ptasich mleczkach (locative plural)
ptasie mleczko (singular vocative)
ptasie mleczka (plural vocative)

Genericised trademark of E. Wedel; said to be coined by Jan Wedel in 1936 as a diminutive of ptasie mleko.
Compare Russian пти́чье молоко́ (ptíčʹje molokó) and German Vogelmilch.

cog

пти́чье молоко́


alogamia

alogamia (nominative singular)
alogamii (genitive singular)
alogamii (dative singular)
alogamię (accusative singular)
alogamią (instrumental singular)
alogamii (locative singular)
alogamio (singular vocative)

From alo- + -gamia. First attested in 1958.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alogamia”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN


cewka

pl-noun

cewka f (diminutive ceweczka, augmentative cewa, related adjective cewkowy)

ceweczka (diminutive)
cewa (augmentative)
cewkowy (adjective)
cewka (nominative singular)
cewki (nominative plural)
cewki (genitive singular)
cewek (genitive plural)
cewce (dative singular)
cewkom (dative plural)
cewkę (accusative singular)
cewki (accusative plural)
cewką (instrumental singular)
cewkami (instrumental plural)
cewce (locative singular)
cewkach (locative plural)
cewko (singular vocative)
cewki (plural vocative)
céwka (alternative)
cywka (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sek-?
Proto-Indo-European *-éyti?
Proto-Indo-European *skey-der.
Proto-Slavic *cěva
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *cěvъka
Old Polish cewka
Polish cewka
Inherited from Old Polish cewka.

etymon

(botany, cytology) tracheid (elongated cell found in plant xylem whose major function is to carry water)

(Middle Polish, botany) synonym of kolanko


działka

działka (nominative singular)
działki (nominative plural)
działki (genitive singular)
działek (genitive plural)
działce (dative singular)
działkom (dative plural)
działkę (accusative singular)
działki (accusative plural)
działką (instrumental singular)
działkami (instrumental plural)
działce (locative singular)
działkach (locative plural)
działko (singular vocative)
działki (plural vocative)

(botany) sepal (one of the component parts of the calyx, particularly when the sepals in a plant's calyx are not fused into a single structure)


znamię

znamię (nominative singular)
znamiona (nominative plural)
znamienia (genitive singular)
znamion (genitive plural)
znamieniu (dative singular)
znamionom (dative plural)
znamię (accusative singular)
znamiona (accusative plural)
znamieniem (instrumental singular)
znamionami (instrumental plural)
znamieniu (locative singular)
znamionach (locative plural)
znamię (singular vocative)
znamiona (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish znamię, from Proto-Slavic *znamę.


okręt

pl-noun

okręt m inan (diminutive okręcik, related adjective okrętowy)

okręcik (diminutive)
okrętowy (adjective)
okręt (nominative singular)
okręty (nominative plural)
okrętu (genitive singular)
okrętów (genitive plural)
okrętowi (dative singular)
okrętom (dative plural)
okręt (accusative singular)
okręty (accusative plural)
okrętem (instrumental singular)
okrętami (instrumental plural)
okręcie (locative singular)
okrętach (locative plural)
okręcie (singular vocative)
okręty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish okręt. By surface analysis, deverbal from okręcić.

surf

(obsolete, entomology) A kind of caterpillar.


rozwój

pl-noun

rozwój m inan (related adjective rozwojowy)

rozwojowy (adjective)
rozwój (nominative singular)
rozwoju (genitive singular)
rozwojowi (dative singular)
rozwój (accusative singular)
rozwojem (instrumental singular)
rozwoju (locative singular)
rozwoju (singular vocative)

→ Kashubian: rozwij, rozwój (calque)

Deverbal from rozwijać. Calque of French développement. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rozwój”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

(biology) development (process by which a mature multicellular organism or part of an organism is produced by the addition of new cells)


sejmik

pl-noun

sejmik m inan (related adjective sejmikowy)

sejmikowy (adjective)
sejmik (nominative singular)
sejmiki (nominative plural)
sejmiku (genitive singular)
sejmików (genitive plural)
sejmikowi (dative singular)
sejmikom (dative plural)
sejmik (accusative singular)
sejmiki (accusative plural)
sejmikiem (instrumental singular)
sejmikami (instrumental plural)
sejmiku (locative singular)
sejmikach (locative plural)
sejmiku (singular vocative)
sejmiki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish sejmik. By surface analysis, sejm + -ik.

(ornithology) parliament (large flock of birds gathering in one place before flying off to warm countries)


ciałko

ciałko (nominative singular)
ciałka (nominative plural)
ciałka (genitive singular)
ciałek (genitive plural)
ciałku (dative singular)
ciałkom (dative plural)
ciałko (accusative singular)
ciałka (accusative plural)
ciałkiem (instrumental singular)
ciałkami (instrumental plural)
ciałku (locative singular)
ciałkach (locative plural)
ciałko (singular vocative)
ciałka (plural vocative)


stadło

stadło (nominative singular)
stadła (nominative plural)
stadła (genitive singular)
stadeł (genitive plural)
stadłu (dative singular)
stadłom (dative plural)
stadło (accusative singular)
stadła (accusative plural)
stadłem (instrumental singular)
stadłami (instrumental plural)
stadle (locative singular)
stadłach (locative plural)
stadło (singular vocative)
stadła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stadło, from western Proto-Slavic *stadlo (“standing next to each other; being together”).


adermina

adermina (nominative singular)
aderminy (genitive singular)
aderminie (dative singular)
aderminę (accusative singular)
aderminą (instrumental singular)
aderminie (locative singular)
adermino (singular vocative)

From a- + Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma) + -ina. First attested in 1938.

ref

Witold Rawita Witanowski (1938) Współczesne problemy fizjologii odżywiania, page 8


agamospermia

agamospermia (nominative singular)
agamospermii (genitive singular)
agamospermii (dative singular)
agamospermię (accusative singular)
agamospermią (instrumental singular)
agamospermii (locative singular)
agamospermio (singular vocative)

From agamia + -o- + sperma + -ia. First attested in 1965.

(botany) agamospermy (asexual production of embryos and seeds)


apogamia

apogamia (nominative singular)
apogamii (genitive singular)
apogamii (dative singular)
apogamię (accusative singular)
apogamią (instrumental singular)
apogamii (locative singular)
apogamio (singular vocative)


gatka

gatka (nominative singular)
gatki (nominative plural)
gatki (genitive singular)
gatek (genitive plural)
gatce (dative singular)
gatkom (dative plural)
gatkę (accusative singular)
gatki (accusative plural)
gatką (instrumental singular)
gatkami (instrumental plural)
gatce (locative singular)
gatkach (locative plural)
gatko (singular vocative)
gatki (plural vocative)


aktywny

pl-adj

aktywny (comparative aktywniejszy or bardziej aktywny, superlative najaktywniejszy or najbardziej aktywny, derived adverb aktywnie)

aktywniejszy (comparative)
bardziej aktywny (comparative)
najaktywniejszy (superlative)
najbardziej aktywny (superlative)
aktywny (masculine nominative singular)
aktywna (feminine nominative singular)
aktywne (neuter nominative singular)
aktywni (nominative plural virile)
aktywne (nominative plural)
aktywnego (genitive masculine singular)
aktywnej (feminine genitive singular)
aktywnego (genitive neuter singular)
aktywnych (genitive plural)
aktywnych (genitive plural virile)
aktywnemu (dative masculine singular)
aktywnej (dative feminine singular)
aktywnemu (dative neuter singular)
aktywnym (dative plural)
aktywnym (dative plural virile)
aktywnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
aktywny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
aktywną (accusative feminine singular)
aktywne (accusative neuter singular)
aktywnych (accusative plural virile)
aktywne (accusative plural)
aktywnym (instrumental masculine singular)
aktywną (feminine instrumental singular)
aktywnym (instrumental neuter singular)
aktywnymi (instrumental plural)
aktywnymi (instrumental plural virile)
aktywnym (locative masculine singular)
aktywnej (feminine locative singular)
aktywnym (locative neuter singular)
aktywnych (locative plural)
aktywnych (locative plural virile)

Borrowed from German aktiv or French actif, from Latin āctīvus + -ny. First attested in 1810.

ref

Gazeta Korrespondenta Warszawskiego y Zagranicznego (in Polish), number 91, 1810, page 1504

(biology, chemistry, materials science) active, reactive


sadzonka

sadzonka (nominative singular)
sadzonki (nominative plural)
sadzonki (genitive singular)
sadzonek (genitive plural)
sadzonce (dative singular)
sadzonkom (dative plural)
sadzonkę (accusative singular)
sadzonki (accusative plural)
sadzonką (instrumental singular)
sadzonkami (instrumental plural)
sadzonce (locative singular)
sadzonkach (locative plural)
sadzonko (singular vocative)
sadzonki (plural vocative)

(botany) seedling (young plant grown from seed)

Na wiosnę najlepiéj sadzie w ogrodzie sadzonki.

It is best to plant cuttings in the garden in spring.


sen zimowy

sen zimowy (nominative singular)
snu zimowego (genitive singular)
snowi zimowemu (dative singular)
sen zimowy (accusative singular)
snem zimowym (instrumental singular)
śnie zimowym (locative singular)
śnie zimowy (singular vocative)

(biology) hibernation (state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species)


algina

algina (nominative singular)
alginy (nominative plural)
alginy (genitive singular)
algin (genitive plural)
alginie (dative singular)
alginom (dative plural)
alginę (accusative singular)
alginy (accusative plural)
alginą (instrumental singular)
alginami (instrumental plural)
alginie (locative singular)
alginach (locative plural)
algino (singular vocative)
alginy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French algine. By surface analysis, alga + -ina. First attested in 1886.

Wszechświat : tygodnik popularny poświęcony naukom przyrodniczym (in Polish), number T. 5, nr 50, 1886, page 797


alometria

alometria (nominative singular)
alometrii (genitive singular)
alometrii (dative singular)
alometrię (accusative singular)
alometrią (instrumental singular)
alometrii (locative singular)
alometrio (singular vocative)
allometria (alternative)

From alo- + -metria. First attested in 1977.

Mieczysław Szymczak (1977) Słownik ortograficzny języka polskiego wraz z zasadami pisowni i interpunkcji (in Polish), page 198

(biology) allometry (disproportionate growth of a part of a living organism in relation to the whole)


arenal

arenal (nominative singular)
arenale (nominative plural)
arenalu (genitive singular)
arenalów (genitive plural)
arenali (genitive plural)
arenalowi (dative singular)
arenalom (dative plural)
arenal (accusative singular)
arenale (accusative plural)
arenalem (instrumental singular)
arenalami (instrumental plural)
arenalu (locative singular)
arenalach (locative plural)
arenalu (singular vocative)
arenale (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Latin arēna. Doublet of arena.

(ecology) damp coastal sand home to basic forms of life


pręcik

pręcik (nominative singular)
pręciki (nominative plural)
pręcika (genitive singular)
pręcików (genitive plural)
pręcikowi (dative singular)
pręcikom (dative plural)
pręcik (accusative singular)
pręciki (accusative plural)
pręcikiem (instrumental singular)
pręcikami (instrumental plural)
pręciku (locative singular)
pręcikach (locative plural)
pręciku (singular vocative)
pręciki (plural vocative)

(botany) stamen (a flower part that produces pollen)


słupek

słupek (nominative singular)
słupki (nominative plural)
słupka (genitive singular)
słupków (genitive plural)
słupkowi (dative singular)
słupkom (dative plural)
słupek (accusative singular)
słupki (accusative plural)
słupkiem (instrumental singular)
słupkami (instrumental plural)
słupku (locative singular)
słupkach (locative plural)
słupku (singular vocative)
słupki (plural vocative)

(botany) pistil (discrete unit in the center of a flower which receives the pollen and produces a fruit)