abort

abort (nominative singular)
aborty (nominative plural)
abortu (genitive singular)
abortów (genitive plural)
abortowi (dative singular)
abortom (dative plural)
abort (accusative singular)
aborty (accusative plural)
abortem (instrumental singular)
abortami (instrumental plural)
aborcie (locative singular)
abortach (locative plural)
aborcie (singular vocative)
aborty (plural vocative)

(computing) force quit, closing (act of stopping a program)


absorber

absorber (nominative singular)
absorbery (nominative plural)
absorbera (genitive singular)
absorberów (genitive plural)
absorberowi (dative singular)
absorberom (dative plural)
absorber (accusative singular)
absorbery (accusative plural)
absorberem (instrumental singular)
absorberami (instrumental plural)
absorberze (locative singular)
absorberach (locative plural)
absorberze (singular vocative)
absorbery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English absorber. First attested in 1922.

ref

Przemysł Chemiczny : miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom polskiego przemysłu chemicznego, wydawany staraniem Instytutu Badań Naukowych i Technicznych "Metan" we Lwowie, number R. 6, nr 6, 1922, page 165

(chemistry, technology) absorber (device causing gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid)

(technology) scrubber (device that removes impurities from gases)


bit

bitowy (adjective)
bit (nominative singular)
bity (nominative plural)
bit (genitive singular)
bita (genitive singular)
bitów (genitive plural)
bitowi (dative singular)
bitom (dative plural)
bit (accusative singular)
bity (accusative plural)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bitami (instrumental plural)
bicie (locative singular)
bitach (locative plural)
bicie (singular vocative)
bity (plural vocative)

bit informacji

bit po bicie

(mathematics, computing) bit (binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0)


port

pl-noun

port m inan (diminutive porcik, related adjective portowy)

porcik (diminutive)
portowy (adjective)
port (nominative singular)
porty (nominative plural)
portu (genitive singular)
portów (genitive plural)
portowi (dative singular)
portom (dative plural)
port (accusative singular)
porty (accusative plural)
portem (instrumental singular)
portami (instrumental plural)
porcie (locative singular)
portach (locative plural)
porcie (singular vocative)
porty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: pòrt

Inherited from Old Polish port. Sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from English port. Doublet of fiord (“fjord”).

sl

(computing) port (logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred)

(computing, networking) port (number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service)


bot

bot (nominative singular)
boty (nominative plural)
bota (genitive singular)
botów (genitive plural)
botowi (dative singular)
botom (dative plural)
bota (accusative singular)
boty (accusative plural)
botem (instrumental singular)
botami (instrumental plural)
bocie (locative singular)
botach (locative plural)
bocie (singular vocative)
boty (plural vocative)


LED

ledowy (adjective)
LED (nominative singular)
LED-y (nominative plural)
LED-a (genitive singular)
LED-ów (genitive plural)
LED-owi (dative singular)
LED-om (dative plural)
LED (accusative singular)
LED-y (accusative plural)
LED-em (instrumental singular)
LED-ami (instrumental plural)
LED-zie (locative singular)
LED-ach (locative plural)
LED-zie (singular vocative)
LED-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English LED.

(electronics, technology) LED (rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light)


DVD

(computing) DVD (optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format)

(computing) DVD (drive in a computer that plays such discs)


SMS

pl-noun

SMS m animal or m inan (related adjective SMS-owy)

SMS m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
SMS-owy (adjective)
SMS (nominative singular)
SMS-y (nominative plural)
SMS-a (genitive singular)
SMS-u (genitive singular)
SMS-ów (genitive plural)
SMS-owi (dative singular)
SMS-om (dative plural)
SMS-a (accusative singular)
SMS (accusative singular)
SMS-y (accusative plural)
SMS-em (instrumental singular)
SMS-ami (instrumental plural)
SMS-ie (locative singular)
SMS-ach (locative plural)
SMS-ie (singular vocative)
SMS-y (plural vocative)
sms (alternative)

Orthographic borrowing from English SMS.

short message service
short message service

(uncountable, telecommunications) short message service (system for transmitting text messages on mobile phones)


software

software (nominative singular)
software'u (genitive singular)
software'owi (dative singular)
software (accusative singular)
software'em (instrumental singular)
softwarze (locative singular)
softwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English software.

ubor

(software) software (encoded computer instructions)

(technology) technical and organizational ideas


pulpit

pulpicik (diminutive)
pulpit (nominative singular)
pulpity (nominative plural)
pulpitu (genitive singular)
pulpitów (genitive plural)
pulpitowi (dative singular)
pulpitom (dative plural)
pulpit (accusative singular)
pulpity (accusative plural)
pulpitem (instrumental singular)
pulpitami (instrumental plural)
pulpicie (locative singular)
pulpitach (locative plural)
pulpicie (singular vocative)
pulpity (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pulpitum. Doublet of pult.

(computing) desktop (the main graphical user interface of an operating system)


argument

argumencik (diminutive)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenty (nominative plural)
argumentu (genitive singular)
argumentów (genitive plural)
argumentowi (dative singular)
argumentom (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumenty (accusative plural)
argumentem (instrumental singular)
argumentami (instrumental plural)
argumencie (locative singular)
argumentach (locative plural)
argumencie (singular vocative)
argumenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum.

(philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument


update

update (nominative singular)
update'y (nominative plural)
update'u (genitive singular)
update'ów (genitive plural)
update'owi (dative singular)
update'om (dative plural)
update (accusative singular)
update'y (accusative plural)
update'em (instrumental singular)
update'ami (instrumental plural)
updacie (locative singular)
update'ach (locative plural)
updacie (singular vocative)
update'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English update.

(computer science) update (action of making something up to date)


kaczka

pl-noun

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)
kacka (alternative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka, a West Slavic innovation of onomatopoeic origin (for the duck's cry, compare English quack for a similar formation) which replaced Proto-Slavic *ǫtь (“duck”) in West Slavic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


klawiatura

klawiatura (nominative singular)
klawiatury (nominative plural)
klawiatury (genitive singular)
klawiatur (genitive plural)
klawiaturze (dative singular)
klawiaturom (dative plural)
klawiaturę (accusative singular)
klawiatury (accusative plural)
klawiaturą (instrumental singular)
klawiaturami (instrumental plural)
klawiaturze (locative singular)
klawiaturach (locative plural)
klawiaturo (singular vocative)
klawiatury (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: клавіятура (klavijatura)

→ Ukrainian: клавіатура (klaviatura)

Borrowed from German Klaviatur, from Latin clāvis.


pin

pin (nominative singular)
piny (nominative plural)
pinu (genitive singular)
pinów (genitive plural)
pinowi (dative singular)
pinom (dative plural)
pin (accusative singular)
piny (accusative plural)
pinem (instrumental singular)
pinami (instrumental plural)
pinie (locative singular)
pinach (locative plural)
pinie (singular vocative)
piny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pin, from Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn, from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint-, from Proto-Indo-European *bend-.

(electricity) lead, pin (any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector)


bug

bug m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bug (nominative singular)
bugi (nominative plural)
buga (genitive singular)
bugu (genitive singular)
bugów (genitive plural)
bugowi (dative singular)
bugom (dative plural)
bug (accusative singular)
buga (accusative singular)
bugi (accusative plural)
bugiem (instrumental singular)
bugami (instrumental plural)
bugu (locative singular)
bugach (locative plural)
bugu (singular vocative)
bugi (plural vocative)

(slang, software) software bug (error, flaw, or fault in the design, development, or operation of computer software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways)


reset

reset (nominative singular)
resety (nominative plural)
resetu (genitive singular)
resetów (genitive plural)
resetowi (dative singular)
resetom (dative plural)
reset (accusative singular)
resety (accusative plural)
resetem (instrumental singular)
resetami (instrumental plural)
resecie (locative singular)
resetach (locative plural)
resecie (singular vocative)
resety (plural vocative)

(computing) reset (device, such as a button or switch, for resetting a computer)


modem

modem m inan (related adjective modemowy)

modemowy (adjective)
modem (nominative singular)
modemy (nominative plural)
modemu (genitive singular)
modemów (genitive plural)
modemowi (dative singular)
modemom (dative plural)
modem (accusative singular)
modemy (accusative plural)
modemem (instrumental singular)
modemami (instrumental plural)
modemie (locative singular)
modemach (locative plural)
modemie (singular vocative)
modemy (plural vocative)


fluid

fluid (nominative singular)
fluidy (nominative plural)
fluidu (genitive singular)
fluidów (genitive plural)
fluidowi (dative singular)
fluidom (dative plural)
fluid (accusative singular)
fluidy (accusative plural)
fluidem (instrumental singular)
fluidami (instrumental plural)
fluidzie (locative singular)
fluidach (locative plural)
fluidzie (singular vocative)
fluidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English fluid, French fluide, German Fluid, ultimately from Latin fluidus.

(electricity, historical) fluid (continuous, weightless substance that was formerly identified with or considered the essence of electricity, heat, and magnetism)


analog

analog (nominative singular)
analogi (nominative plural)
analogu (genitive singular)
analogów (genitive plural)
analogowi (dative singular)
analogom (dative plural)
analog (accusative singular)
analogi (accusative plural)
analogiem (instrumental singular)
analogami (instrumental plural)
analogu (locative singular)
analogach (locative plural)
analogu (singular vocative)
analogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “analog”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 34

(colloquial, technology) any analog device


humanoid

pl-noun

humanoid m animal (related adjective humanoidalny)

humanoidalny (adjective)
humanoid (nominative singular)
humanoidy (nominative plural)
humanoida (genitive singular)
humanoidów (genitive plural)
humanoidowi (dative singular)
humanoidom (dative plural)
humanoida (accusative singular)
humanoidy (accusative plural)
humanoidem (instrumental singular)
humanoidami (instrumental plural)
humanoidzie (locative singular)
humanoidach (locative plural)
humanoidzie (singular vocative)
humanoidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English humanoid, French humanoïde, German Humanoid, ultimately from Latin hūmānus.

(robotics, science fiction) humanoid (being having the appearance or characteristics of a human)


menu

Unadapted borrowing from English menu, from French menu.

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


start

start (nominative singular)
starty (nominative plural)
startu (genitive singular)
startów (genitive plural)
startowi (dative singular)
startom (dative plural)
start (accusative singular)
starty (accusative plural)
startem (instrumental singular)
startami (instrumental plural)
starcie (locative singular)
startach (locative plural)
starcie (singular vocative)
starty (plural vocative)

Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.

I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.


alert

alert (nominative singular)
alerty (nominative plural)
alertu (genitive singular)
alertów (genitive plural)
alertowi (dative singular)
alertom (dative plural)
alert (accusative singular)
alerty (accusative plural)
alertem (instrumental singular)
alertami (instrumental plural)
alercie (locative singular)
alertach (locative plural)
alercie (singular vocative)
alerty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alerte or English alert, from Italian all'erta. First attested in the second half of the 20th century.


hardware

hardware (nominative singular)
hardware'u (genitive singular)
hardware'owi (dative singular)
hardware (accusative singular)
hardware'em (instrumental singular)
hardwarze (locative singular)
hardwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardware.

ubor

(computer hardware) hardware (material part of a computer)


host

host (nominative singular)
hosty (nominative plural)
hosta (genitive singular)
hostów (genitive plural)
hostowi (dative singular)
hostom (dative plural)
host (accusative singular)
hosty (accusative plural)
hostem (instrumental singular)
hostami (instrumental plural)
hoście (locative singular)
hostach (locative plural)
hoście (singular vocative)
hosty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English host. Doublet of gość.

(networking) host (computer attached to a network)


CD

CD m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)
cd (alternative uncommon)


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).


prom

prom (nominative singular)
promy (nominative plural)
promu (genitive singular)
promów (genitive plural)
promowi (dative singular)
promom (dative plural)
prom (accusative singular)
promy (accusative plural)
promem (instrumental singular)
promami (instrumental plural)
promie (locative singular)
promach (locative plural)
promie (singular vocative)
promy (plural vocative)

prom kosmiczny


PC

(computing) PC, personal computer (small computer, built around a microprocessor, for use by one person at a time)


terminal

terminal (nominative singular)
terminale (nominative plural)
terminalu (genitive singular)
terminala (genitive singular)
terminali (genitive plural)
terminalów (genitive plural)
terminalowi (dative singular)
terminalom (dative plural)
terminal (accusative singular)
terminale (accusative plural)
terminalem (instrumental singular)
terminalami (instrumental plural)
terminalu (locative singular)
terminalach (locative plural)
terminalu (singular vocative)
terminale (plural vocative)

(computing) computer terminal (device for entering data into a computer)


tu

Tu Janek!

(colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(obsolete, engineering) oak block with a handle used for tamping when laying stones, spreading gravel on road surfaces, etc.


generator

generator m inan (related adjective generatorowy)

generatorowy (adjective)
generator (nominative singular)
generatory (nominative plural)
generatora (genitive singular)
generatorów (genitive plural)
generatorowi (dative singular)
generatorom (dative plural)
generator (accusative singular)
generatory (accusative plural)
generatorem (instrumental singular)
generatorami (instrumental plural)
generatorze (locative singular)
generatorach (locative plural)
generatorze (singular vocative)
generatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English generator, French générateur, German Generator, ultimately from Latin generātor.

(electricity) electric generator, generator (device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit)

(programming) generator (subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request)


pilot

pilot (nominative singular)
piloty (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotów (genitive plural)
pilotowi (dative singular)
pilotom (dative plural)
pilot (accusative singular)
piloty (accusative plural)
pilotem (instrumental singular)
pilotami (instrumental plural)
pilocie (locative singular)
pilotach (locative plural)
pilocie (singular vocative)
piloty (plural vocative)


pager

pager (nominative singular)
pagery (nominative plural)
pagera (genitive singular)
pagerów (genitive plural)
pagerowi (dative singular)
pagerom (dative plural)
pager (accusative singular)
pagery (accusative plural)
pagerem (instrumental singular)
pagerami (instrumental plural)
pagerze (locative singular)
pagerach (locative plural)
pagerze (singular vocative)
pagery (plural vocative)

(electronics, telecommunications) pager, beeper (wireless telecommunications device that receives text or voice messages)


amalgam

amalgam (nominative singular)
amalgamy (nominative plural)
amalgamu (genitive singular)
amalgamów (genitive plural)
amalgamowi (dative singular)
amalgamom (dative plural)
amalgam (accusative singular)
amalgamy (accusative plural)
amalgamem (instrumental singular)
amalgamami (instrumental plural)
amalgamie (locative singular)
amalgamach (locative plural)
amalgamie (singular vocative)
amalgamy (plural vocative)
amalgama (alternative obsolete)

Internationalism; compare English amalgam. Possibly borrowed from German Amalgam, French amalgame, or Spanish amalgama, ultimately from Medieval Latin amalgama, from Arabic الْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma). First attested in 1771.

ref

Józef Feliks Rogaliński (1771) Doswiadczenia skutkow rzeczy pod zmysły podpadaiących na publicznych posiedzeniach w szkołach poznańskich Societatis Jesu na widok wystawione y wykladane, Jego Krolewskiey Mosci Panu naszemu Miłościwemu ofiarowane (in Polish), volume 1, page 125

(metallurgy) amalgam (alloy containing mercury)


operator

pl-noun

operator m pers (female equivalent operatorka)

operatorka (feminine)
operator (nominative singular)
operatorzy (nominative plural)
operatory (derogatory nominative plural)
operatora (genitive singular)
operatorów (genitive plural)
operatorowi (dative singular)
operatorom (dative plural)
operatora (accusative singular)
operatorów (accusative plural)
operatorem (instrumental singular)
operatorami (instrumental plural)
operatorze (locative singular)
operatorach (locative plural)
operatorze (singular vocative)
operatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French opérateur, from Latin operātor.

(telecommunications) operator (company providing operator services)


translator

translator (nominative singular)
translatory (nominative plural)
translatora (genitive singular)
translatorów (genitive plural)
translatorowi (dative singular)
translatorom (dative plural)
translator (accusative singular)
translatory (accusative plural)
translatorem (instrumental singular)
translatorami (instrumental plural)
translatorze (locative singular)
translatorach (locative plural)
translatorze (singular vocative)
translatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English translator, from Middle English translatour, from Old French translator, translatour, translateur, from Latin trānslātor.

(computing) translator (computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation)


interpreter

interpreter (nominative singular)
interpretery (nominative plural)
interpretera (genitive singular)
interpreterów (genitive plural)
interpreterowi (dative singular)
interpreterom (dative plural)
interpreter (accusative singular)
interpretery (accusative plural)
interpreterem (instrumental singular)
interpreterami (instrumental plural)
interpreterze (locative singular)
interpreterach (locative plural)
interpreterze (singular vocative)
interpretery (plural vocative)


pole

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(computing) field (area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)


font

font (nominative singular)
fonty (nominative plural)
fonta (genitive singular)
fontu (genitive singular)
fontów (genitive plural)
fontowi (dative singular)
fontom (dative plural)
font (accusative singular)
fonty (accusative plural)
fontem (instrumental singular)
fontami (instrumental plural)
foncie (locative singular)
fontach (locative plural)
foncie (singular vocative)
fonty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).

(computing) font (computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs)


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


transport

transport (nominative singular)
transporty (nominative plural)
transportu (genitive singular)
transportów (genitive plural)
transportowi (dative singular)
transportom (dative plural)
transport (accusative singular)
transporty (accusative plural)
transportem (instrumental singular)
transportami (instrumental plural)
transporcie (locative singular)
transportach (locative plural)
transporcie (singular vocative)
transporty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: transpòrt

Borrowed from French transport. First attested in 1661. Compare Silesian transport.

ref

Merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny, 1661, page 16

(uncountable, engineering) transfer (relocation of energy)


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)
jezyk (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ
Old Polish język
Polish język
Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

etymon

(programming) language (computer language; a machine language)


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(technology) system (set of devices and tools as a whole)

(computing) system (set of hardware and software operating in a computer)


glut

glut (nominative singular)
gluty (nominative plural)
glutu (genitive singular)
glutów (genitive plural)
glutowi (dative singular)
glutom (dative plural)
glut (accusative singular)
gluty (accusative plural)
glutem (instrumental singular)
glutami (instrumental plural)
glucie (locative singular)
glutach (locative plural)
glucie (singular vocative)
gluty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish glót. Compare German Gelöte.

(obsolete, firearms) small lead or iron shot (ammunition) used in a blunderbuss or gun (cannon)


steward

pl-noun

steward m pers (female equivalent stewardesa)

stewardesa (feminine)
steward (nominative singular)
stewardzi (nominative plural)
stewardowie (nominative plural)
stewardy (derogatory nominative plural)
stewarda (genitive singular)
stewardów (genitive plural)
stewardowi (dative singular)
stewardom (dative plural)
stewarda (accusative singular)
stewardów (accusative plural)
stewardem (instrumental singular)
stewardami (instrumental plural)
stewardzie (locative singular)
stewardach (locative plural)
stewardzie (singular vocative)
stewardzi (plural vocative)
stewardowie (plural vocative)
stewardy (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steward.

ubor

(aviation) steward, flight attendant, air host


token

token (nominative singular)
tokeny (nominative plural)
tokena (genitive singular)
tokenów (genitive plural)
tokenowi (dative singular)
tokenom (dative plural)
token (accusative singular)
tokeny (accusative plural)
tokenem (instrumental singular)
tokenami (instrumental plural)
tokenie (locative singular)
tokenach (locative plural)
tokenie (singular vocative)
tokeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English token. Doublet of cecha and cych.

(computing) security token (peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource)


abandonware

abandonware (nominative singular)
abandonware'u (genitive singular)
abandonware'owi (dative singular)
abandonware (accusative singular)
abandonware'em (instrumental singular)
abandonwarze (locative singular)
abandonwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English abandonware. First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

[…], a które to cechy ewentualnie umożliwiałyby kwalifikację danego programu komputerowego do kategorii abandonware.

2019, Łukasz Koźbiał, “ABANDONWARE W ŚWIETLE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO – UWAGI OGÓLNE”, in Małgorzata Babula, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

[…], which traits could potentially allow for the possibility to qualify the given program as abandonware.

(software) abandonware (software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it)


historia

pl-noun

historia f (diminutive historyjka, related adjective historyczny, abbreviation hist.)

historyjka (diminutive)
historyczny (adjective)
historia (nominative singular)
historie (nominative plural)
historii (genitive singular)
historii (genitive plural)
historyj (archaic genitive plural)
historii (dative singular)
historiom (dative plural)
historię (accusative singular)
historie (accusative plural)
historią (instrumental singular)
historiami (instrumental plural)
historii (locative singular)
historiach (locative plural)
historio (singular vocative)
historie (plural vocative)
historyja (alternative Middle Polish)
istoryja (alternative Middle Polish)
historya (alternative)
historja (alternative)
kfisteryja (alternative)

→ Kashubian: historiô

(countable, computing) history (record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser)


administrator

administrator m pers (female equivalent administratorka)

administratorka (feminine)
administrator (nominative singular)
administratorzy (nominative plural)
administratory (derogatory nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratorów (genitive plural)
administratorowi (dative singular)
administratorom (dative plural)
administratora (accusative singular)
administratorów (accusative plural)
administratorem (instrumental singular)
administratorami (instrumental plural)
administratorze (locative singular)
administratorach (locative plural)
administratorze (singular vocative)
administratorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin administrātor. By surface analysis, administrować + -ator. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “administrator”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(government, management, technology) administrator


alias

alias (nominative singular)
aliasy (nominative plural)
aliasu (genitive singular)
aliasów (genitive plural)
aliasowi (dative singular)
aliasom (dative plural)
alias (accusative singular)
aliasy (accusative plural)
aliasem (instrumental singular)
aliasami (instrumental plural)
aliasie (locative singular)
aliasach (locative plural)
aliasie (singular vocative)
aliasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aliās. First attested in the 19 century.

(computing) alias (abbreviation that replaces a string of commands and thereby reduces typing when performing routine actions or tasks)


chip

pl-noun

chip m animal or m inan (related adjective chipowy)

chip m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
chipowy (adjective)
chip (nominative singular)
chipy (nominative plural)
chipa (genitive singular)
chipu (genitive singular)
chipów (genitive plural)
chipowi (dative singular)
chipom (dative plural)
chipa (accusative singular)
chip (accusative singular)
chipy (accusative plural)
chipem (instrumental singular)
chipami (instrumental plural)
chipie (locative singular)
chipach (locative plural)
chipie (singular vocative)
chipy (plural vocative)
czip (alternative)

(computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


demon

demon (nominative singular)
demony (nominative plural)
demona (genitive singular)
demonów (genitive plural)
demonowi (dative singular)
demonom (dative plural)
demona (accusative singular)
demony (accusative plural)
demonem (instrumental singular)
demonami (instrumental plural)
demonie (locative singular)
demonach (locative plural)
demonie (singular vocative)
demony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English daemon.

sl

(computing) daemon (running program that does not have a controlling terminal)


film

pl-noun

film m inan (diminutive filmik, related adjective filmowy)

filmik (diminutive)
filmowy (adjective)
film (nominative singular)
filmy (nominative plural)
filmu (genitive singular)
filmów (genitive plural)
filmowi (dative singular)
filmom (dative plural)
film (accusative singular)
filmy (accusative plural)
filmem (instrumental singular)
filmami (instrumental plural)
filmie (locative singular)
filmach (locative plural)
filmie (singular vocative)
filmy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: film

Borrowed from English film. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “film”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 742

film in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(engineering, sciences) film (thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity)


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(computing) alternative spelling of menedżer


GPS

GPS (nominative singular)
GPS-y (nominative plural)
GPS-u (genitive singular)
GPS-ów (genitive plural)
GPS-owi (dative singular)
GPS-om (dative plural)
GPS (accusative singular)
GPS-y (accusative plural)
GPS-em (instrumental singular)
GPS-ami (instrumental plural)
GPS-ie (locative singular)
GPS-ach (locative plural)
GPS-ie (singular vocative)
GPS-y (plural vocative)

(uncountable, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS (Global Positioning System; a system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites)

(countable, colloquial, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS, GPS receiver (audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation)


program

pl-noun

program m inan (diminutive programik, related adjective programowy)

programik (diminutive)
programowy (adjective)
program (nominative singular)
programy (nominative plural)
programu (genitive singular)
programów (genitive plural)
programowi (dative singular)
programom (dative plural)
program (accusative singular)
programy (accusative plural)
programem (instrumental singular)
programami (instrumental plural)
programie (locative singular)
programach (locative plural)
programie (singular vocative)
programy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French programme. First attested in the 19th cenetury.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “program”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “program”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(computing) program (a computer program)


enter

enter (nominative singular)
entery (nominative plural)
entera (genitive singular)
enterów (genitive plural)
enterowi (dative singular)
enterom (dative plural)
enter (accusative singular)
entery (accusative plural)
enterem (instrumental singular)
enterami (instrumental plural)
enterze (locative singular)
enterach (locative plural)
enterze (singular vocative)
entery (plural vocative)

(computing) Enter (key on a computer keyboard)


format

format (nominative singular)
formaty (nominative plural)
formatu (genitive singular)
formatów (genitive plural)
formatowi (dative singular)
formatom (dative plural)
format (accusative singular)
formaty (accusative plural)
formatem (instrumental singular)
formatami (instrumental plural)
formacie (locative singular)
formatach (locative plural)
formacie (singular vocative)
formaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French format, from German Format, from New Latin liber fōrmātus.


fax

fax (nominative singular)
faksy (nominative plural)
faksu (genitive singular)
faksów (genitive plural)
faksowi (dative singular)
faksom (dative plural)
fax (accusative singular)
faksy (accusative plural)
faksem (instrumental singular)
faksami (instrumental plural)
faksie (locative singular)
faksach (locative plural)
faksie (singular vocative)
faksy (plural vocative)

(telephony) alternative spelling of faks


macintosh

macintosh (nominative singular)
macintoshe (nominative plural)
macintosha (genitive singular)
macintoshów (genitive plural)
macintoshy (genitive plural)
macintoshowi (dative singular)
macintoshom (dative plural)
macintosha (accusative singular)
macintoshe (accusative plural)
macintoshem (instrumental singular)
macintoshami (instrumental plural)
macintoshu (locative singular)
macintoshach (locative plural)
macintoshu (singular vocative)
macintoshe (plural vocative)

(computing) Macintosh-brand notebook computer, manufactured by Apple Computer


droga

dróżka (diminutive)
droga (nominative singular)
drogi (nominative plural)
drogi (genitive singular)
dróg (genitive plural)
drodze (dative singular)
drogom (dative plural)
drogę (accusative singular)
drogi (accusative plural)
drogą (instrumental singular)
drogami (instrumental plural)
drodze (locative singular)
drogach (locative plural)
drogo (singular vocative)
drogi (plural vocative)
dróga (alternative)

(technology) road; highway (means of connecting devices so that they may intercommunicate)


monitor

pl-noun

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


serwer

serwer (nominative singular)
serwery (nominative plural)
serwera (genitive singular)
serwerów (genitive plural)
serwerowi (dative singular)
serwerom (dative plural)
serwer (accusative singular)
serwery (accusative plural)
serwerem (instrumental singular)
serwerami (instrumental plural)
serwerze (locative singular)
serwerach (locative plural)
serwerze (singular vocative)
serwery (plural vocative)


komputer

komputer m inan (diminutive komputerek, related adjective komputerowy)

komputerek (diminutive)
komputerowy (adjective)
komputer (nominative singular)
komputery (nominative plural)
komputera (genitive singular)
komputerów (genitive plural)
komputerowi (dative singular)
komputerom (dative plural)
komputer (accusative singular)
komputery (accusative plural)
komputerem (instrumental singular)
komputerami (instrumental plural)
komputerze (locative singular)
komputerach (locative plural)
komputerze (singular vocative)
komputery (plural vocative)

komputer osobisty

(computing) computer (programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media)


okno

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

okienko (diminutive)
okienny (adjective)
okno (nominative singular)
okna (nominative plural)
okna (genitive singular)
okien (genitive plural)
oknu (dative singular)
oknom (dative plural)
okno (accusative singular)
okna (accusative plural)
oknem (instrumental singular)
oknami (instrumental plural)
oknie (locative singular)
oknach (locative plural)
okno (singular vocative)
okna (plural vocative)
ôkno (alternative)

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) window (rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes)

(obsolete, engineering) opening in an engine cylinder


zombie

Unadapted borrowing from English zombie.

(computing) zombie (computer affected by malware)


tag

tag (nominative singular)
tagi (nominative plural)
tagu (genitive singular)
tagów (genitive plural)
tagowi (dative singular)
tagom (dative plural)
tag (accusative singular)
tagi (accusative plural)
tagiem (instrumental singular)
tagami (instrumental plural)
tagu (locative singular)
tagach (locative plural)
tagu (singular vocative)
tagi (plural vocative)

(computing) tag (piece of markup representing an element in a markup language)


aeroport

aeroport (nominative singular)
aeroporty (nominative plural)
aeroportu (genitive singular)
aeroportów (genitive plural)
aeroportowi (dative singular)
aeroportom (dative plural)
aeroport (accusative singular)
aeroporty (accusative plural)
aeroportem (instrumental singular)
aeroportami (instrumental plural)
aeroporcie (locative singular)
aeroportach (locative plural)
aeroporcie (singular vocative)
aeroporty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French aéroport. By surface analysis, aero- + port. First attested in 1927.


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.

(computing) transfer (number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel)


pylon

pylon (nominative singular)
pylony (nominative plural)
pylonu (genitive singular)
pylonów (genitive plural)
pylonowi (dative singular)
pylonom (dative plural)
pylon (accusative singular)
pylony (accusative plural)
pylonem (instrumental singular)
pylonami (instrumental plural)
pylonie (locative singular)
pylonach (locative plural)
pylonie (singular vocative)
pylony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn).

lbor

(aviation) pylon (structural element fixed under the wing of an aircraft and holding the engine attached to it)


gloria

gloria (nominative singular)
glorie (nominative plural)
glorii (genitive singular)
glorii (genitive plural)
gloryj (archaic genitive plural)
glorii (dative singular)
gloriom (dative plural)
glorię (accusative singular)
glorie (accusative plural)
glorią (instrumental singular)
gloriami (instrumental plural)
glorii (locative singular)
gloriach (locative plural)
glorio (singular vocative)
glorie (plural vocative)


freeware

pl-noun

freeware m inan (related adjective freeware'owy)

freeware'owy (adjective)
freeware (nominative singular)
freeware'u (genitive singular)
freeware'owi (dative singular)
freeware (accusative singular)
freeware'em (instrumental singular)
freewarze (locative singular)
freewarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English freeware.

ubor

(software) freeware (complete and functional software that does not require payment or other compensation (such as viewing advertising) for its use; it may be a proprietary license with no access to the source code)


lag

lag (nominative singular)
lagi (nominative plural)
laga (genitive singular)
lagów (genitive plural)
lagowi (dative singular)
lagom (dative plural)
lag (accusative singular)
lagi (accusative plural)
lagiem (instrumental singular)
lagami (instrumental plural)
lagu (locative singular)
lagach (locative plural)
lagu (singular vocative)
lagi (plural vocative)

(computing, slang) lag (bad connection, loss of connection)


cyborg

cyborg (nominative singular)
cyborgi (nominative plural)
cyborga (genitive singular)
cyborgów (genitive plural)
cyborgowi (dative singular)
cyborgom (dative plural)
cyborga (accusative singular)
cyborgi (accusative plural)
cyborgiem (instrumental singular)
cyborgami (instrumental plural)
cyborgu (locative singular)
cyborgach (locative plural)
cyborgu (singular vocative)
cyborgi (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English cyborg.

obor

(robotics, science fiction) cyborg (being which is part machine and part organic)


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)
berył (alternative Middle Polish)

(colloquial, firearms, countable) FB Beryl


panel

panel m inan (related adjective panelowy)

panelowy (adjective)
panel (nominative singular)
panele (nominative plural)
panelu (genitive singular)
paneli (genitive plural)
panelowi (dative singular)
panelom (dative plural)
panel (accusative singular)
panele (accusative plural)
panelem (instrumental singular)
panelami (instrumental plural)
panelu (locative singular)
panelach (locative plural)
panelu (singular vocative)
panele (plural vocative)

pl:Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny

Borrowed from English panel. First attested in 1954.

(electronics) panel (device mounted on the front of another device for programming and controlling it)

(graphical user interface) panel (computer program giving a user control over various elements)

(technology) panel (device consisting of large panels installed on the roofs of buildings to capture solar energy and convert it into electrical energy)


hazard

hazard (nominative singular)
hazardy (nominative plural)
hazardu (genitive singular)
hazardów (genitive plural)
hazardowi (dative singular)
hazardom (dative plural)
hazard (accusative singular)
hazardy (accusative plural)
hazardem (instrumental singular)
hazardami (instrumental plural)
hazardzie (locative singular)
hazardach (locative plural)
hazardzie (singular vocative)
hazardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hasard, from Old French hasart, from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).


baton

baton m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
baton (nominative singular)
batony (nominative plural)
batona (genitive singular)
batonu (genitive singular)
batonów (genitive plural)
batonowi (dative singular)
batonom (dative plural)
batona (accusative singular)
baton (accusative singular)
batony (accusative plural)
batonem (instrumental singular)
batonami (instrumental plural)
batonie (locative singular)
batonach (locative plural)
batonie (singular vocative)
batony (plural vocative)

(graphical user interface) alternative spelling of button


cache

cache (nominative singular)
cache'u (genitive singular)
cache'owi (dative singular)
cache (accusative singular)
cache'em (instrumental singular)
cache'u (locative singular)
cache'u (singular vocative)

(computing) cache (fast temporary storage where recently or frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium)


dynamo

dynamo (nominative singular)
dynama (nominative plural)
dynama (genitive singular)
dynam (genitive plural)
dynamu (dative singular)
dynamom (dative plural)
dynamo (accusative singular)
dynama (accusative plural)
dynamem (instrumental singular)
dynamami (instrumental plural)
dynamie (locative singular)
dynamach (locative plural)
dynamo (singular vocative)
dynama (plural vocative)

dynamo-electric machine
dynamo-electric machine

(electromagnetism) dynamo, dynamo-electric machine, DC generator (electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
miga (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
miga (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(aviation) MiG (any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft)


notebook

notebook m inan or m animal (related adjective notebookowy)

notebook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
notebookowy (adjective)
notebook (nominative singular)
notebooki (nominative plural)
notebooka (genitive singular)
notebooków (genitive plural)
notebookowi (dative singular)
notebookom (dative plural)
notebook (accusative singular)
notebooka (accusative singular)
notebooki (accusative plural)
notebookiem (instrumental singular)
notebookami (instrumental plural)
notebooku (locative singular)
notebookach (locative plural)
notebooku (singular vocative)
notebooki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English notebook.

ubor

(computing) notebook, notebook computer (class of laptop computer that is around the size of a spiral-bound notebook with A4 or letter-sized pages)


assembler

assembler (nominative singular)
assemblery (nominative plural)
assemblera (genitive singular)
assemblerów (genitive plural)
assemblerowi (dative singular)
assemblerom (dative plural)
assembler (accusative singular)
assemblery (accusative plural)
assemblerem (instrumental singular)
assemblerami (instrumental plural)
assemblerze (locative singular)
assemblerach (locative plural)
assemblerze (singular vocative)
assemblery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English assembler.

(computer languages, countable or uncountable) alternative spelling of asembler


albedo

Learned borrowing from Latin albēdō. First attested in 1908.

ref

Zasady fizyki: Fizyka ogólna, dynamiczne własności materyi, akustyka (in Polish), volume 1, 1908, page x

albedo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

niskie/małe albedo

wysokie albedo

ziemskie albedo/albedo Ziemi

albedo wynosi ileś

albedo neutronów

albedo powierzchni

albedo planety

albedo śniegu

wartość albedo

wielkości albedo

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


terminator

terminator (nominative singular)
terminatory (nominative plural)
terminatoru (genitive singular)
terminatorów (genitive plural)
terminatorowi (dative singular)
terminatorom (dative plural)
terminator (accusative singular)
terminatory (accusative plural)
terminatorem (instrumental singular)
terminatorami (instrumental plural)
terminatorze (locative singular)
terminatorach (locative plural)
terminatorze (singular vocative)
terminatory (plural vocative)


adapter

adapterek (diminutive)
adapter (nominative singular)
adaptery (nominative plural)
adaptera (genitive singular)
adapteru (genitive singular)
adapterów (genitive plural)
adapterowi (dative singular)
adapterom (dative plural)
adapter (accusative singular)
adaptery (accusative plural)
adapterem (instrumental singular)
adapterami (instrumental plural)
adapterze (locative singular)
adapterach (locative plural)
adapterze (singular vocative)
adaptery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English adapter. First attested in 1903.

Józef Świtkowski (1903) Fotografia praktyczna w zarysie do użytku amatorów, page 39

adapter sieciowy/sieci

adapter USB

(electronics) adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


admin

pl-noun

admin m pers (female equivalent adminka)

adminka (feminine)
admin (nominative singular)
admini (nominative plural)
adminy (derogatory nominative plural)
admina (genitive singular)
adminów (genitive plural)
adminowi (dative singular)
adminom (dative plural)
admina (accusative singular)
adminów (accusative plural)
adminem (instrumental singular)
adminami (instrumental plural)
adminie (locative singular)
adminach (locative plural)
adminie (singular vocative)
admini (plural vocative)

Clipping of administrator, probably under international influence. First attested in 1991.

nadgorliwy admin

rozsądny admin

dowolny admin

inny admin

admin forum

admin serwera

admin sieci

admin strony

pisać/napisać do admina

zwracać się/zwrócić się do admina

zgłaszać się/zgłosić się do/na admina

głosowanie na admina


folder

folder (nominative singular)
foldery (nominative plural)
folderu (more rarely foldera) (genitive singular)
folderów (genitive plural)
folderowi (dative singular)
folderom (dative plural)
folder (accusative singular)
foldery (accusative plural)
folderem (instrumental singular)
folderami (instrumental plural)
folderze (locative singular)
folderach (locative plural)
folderze (singular vocative)
foldery (plural vocative)


upgrade

upgrade (nominative singular)
upgrade'y (nominative plural)
upgrade'u (genitive singular)
upgrade'ów (genitive plural)
upgrade'owi (dative singular)
upgrade'om (dative plural)
upgrade (accusative singular)
upgrade'y (accusative plural)
upgrade'em (instrumental singular)
upgrade'ami (instrumental plural)
upgradzie (locative singular)
upgrade'ach (locative plural)
upgrade (singular vocative)
upgrade'y (plural vocative)
apgrejd (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English upgrade.

ubor

(colloquial, computer science) upgrade (modernisation of technology)


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)
bábka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete, engineering) hammer with the same head on both sides


browning

browning (nominative singular)
browningi (nominative plural)
browningu (genitive singular)
browningów (genitive plural)
browningowi (dative singular)
browningom (dative plural)
browning (accusative singular)
browningi (accusative plural)
browningiem (instrumental singular)
browningami (instrumental plural)
browningu (locative singular)
browningach (locative plural)
browningu (singular vocative)
browningi (plural vocative)
brauning (alternative uncommon)

Unadapted borrowing from English Browning, named after American firearm designer John Browning.

named-after

(firearms) any type of semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Browning Arms Company


alt

alt (nominative singular)
alty (nominative plural)
altu (genitive singular)
altów (genitive plural)
altowi (dative singular)
altom (dative plural)
alt (accusative singular)
alty (accusative plural)
altem (instrumental singular)
altami (instrumental plural)
alcie (locative singular)
altach (locative plural)
alcie (singular vocative)
alty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English alt, as found on keyboards. First attested in the late 20th century.

lewy alt

prawy alt

naciskać/nacisnąć/wciskać/wcisnąć alt


lasso

lasso (nominative singular)
lassa (nominative plural)
lassa (genitive singular)
lass (genitive plural)
lassu (dative singular)
lassom (dative plural)
lasso (accusative singular)
lassa (accusative plural)
lassem (instrumental singular)
lassami (instrumental plural)
lassie (locative singular)
lassach (locative plural)
lasso (singular vocative)
lassa (plural vocative)

(computing) lasso (image-editing function allowing the user to capture an irregularly-shaped object by drawing an approximate outline)


spoiler

spoiler (nominative singular)
spoilery (nominative plural)
spoilera (genitive singular)
spoilerów (genitive plural)
spoilerowi (dative singular)
spoilerom (dative plural)
spoiler (accusative singular)
spoilery (accusative plural)
spoilerem (instrumental singular)
spoilerami (instrumental plural)
spoilerze (locative singular)
spoilerach (locative plural)
spoilerze (singular vocative)
spoilery (plural vocative)
spojler (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English spoiler.

ubor

(aeronautics) spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase drag)


separator

separator (nominative singular)
separatory (nominative plural)
separatora (genitive singular)
separatorów (genitive plural)
separatorowi (dative singular)
separatorom (dative plural)
separator (accusative singular)
separatory (accusative plural)
separatorem (instrumental singular)
separatorami (instrumental plural)
separatorze (locative singular)
separatorach (locative plural)
separatorze (singular vocative)
separatory (plural vocative)

(computing) delimiter (unique character or series of characters that indicates the beginning or end of a specific statement, string or function body set)


walkman

walkman (nominative singular)
walkmany (nominative plural)
walkmana (genitive singular)
walkmanów (genitive plural)
walkmanowi (dative singular)
walkmanom (dative plural)
walkman (accusative singular)
walkmana (accusative singular)
walkmany (accusative plural)
walkmanem (instrumental singular)
walkmanami (instrumental plural)
walkmanie (locative singular)
walkmanach (locative plural)
walkmanie (singular vocative)
walkmany (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English walkman.


e-book

e-book (nominative singular)
e-booki (nominative plural)
e-booka (genitive singular)
e-booków (genitive plural)
e-bookowi (dative singular)
e-bookom (dative plural)
e-book (accusative singular)
e-booki (accusative plural)
e-bookiem (instrumental singular)
e-bookami (instrumental plural)
e-booku (locative singular)
e-bookach (locative plural)
e-booku (singular vocative)
e-booki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English e-book.


adres

adresik (diminutive)
adres (nominative singular)
adresy (nominative plural)
adresu (genitive singular)
adresów (genitive plural)
adresowi (dative singular)
adresom (dative plural)
adres (accusative singular)
adresy (accusative plural)
adresem (instrumental singular)
adresami (instrumental plural)
adresie (locative singular)
adresach (locative plural)
adresie (singular vocative)
adresy (plural vocative)
adress (alternative obsolete)

desctree

→ Russian: адрес (adres)
→ Armenian: հասցե (hascʻe) (semantic loan)
→ Bashkir: адрес (adres)
→ Bezhta: адрис (adris)
→ Eastern Mari: адрес (adres)
→ Kazakh: адрес (adres)
→ Ingrian: adressi
→ Yakut: аадырыс (aadırıs)
→ Kildin Sami: а̄дресс (ādrjess)
→ Tajik: адрес (adres)
→ Tatar: адрес (adres)
→ Uyghur: ئادرىس (adris)

→ Belarusian: адрэс (adres)

Borrowed from French adresse. First attested in 1648. Doublet of adresa, a dialectal borrowing from German.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (09.06.2009) “ADRES”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(computing) address (number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory)

(computing) address (number identifying an account or user, such as an email address)


tablet

tablet (nominative singular)
tablety (nominative plural)
tabletu (genitive singular)
tabletów (genitive plural)
tabletowi (dative singular)
tabletom (dative plural)
tablet (accusative singular)
tablety (accusative plural)
tabletem (instrumental singular)
tabletami (instrumental plural)
tablecie (locative singular)
tabletach (locative plural)
tablecie (singular vocative)
tablety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tablet, from Middle English tablet, from Old French tablete.

(computing) digitizer, graphics tablet (small, easily swallowed portion of a substance)


zombi

(computing, fiction, voodoo) alternative spelling of zombie


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(engineering) profile (hot rolled structural steel shape like an I-beam)


bod

bod (nominative singular)
body (nominative plural)
bodu (genitive singular)
bodów (genitive plural)
bodowi (dative singular)
bodom (dative plural)
bod (accusative singular)
body (accusative plural)
bodem (instrumental singular)
bodami (instrumental plural)
bodzie (locative singular)
bodach (locative plural)
bodzie (singular vocative)
body (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.


multimedia

pl-noun

multimedia nvir pl (related adjective multimedialny)

multimedialny (adjective)
multimedia (nominative plural)
multimediów (genitive plural)
multimediom (dative plural)
multimedia (accusative plural)
multimediami (instrumental plural)
multimediach (locative plural)
multimedia (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English multimedia, French multimédia, German Multimedia. By surface analysis, multi- + media.

(computing) multimedia (IT products in the form of programs, games, etc., using images, sound, animation, or other means that affect the active use of the user)


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopu (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskop (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τηλεσκόπος (tēleskópos, “far-seeing”); from τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

lbor

(astronomy) telescope (any instrument used to observe distant objects)

(astronomy, optics) telescope (optical instrument that magnifies)

(colloquial, technology) telescopic hydraulic cylinder


Macintosh

Macintosh (nominative singular)
Macintosha (genitive singular)
Macintoshowi (dative singular)
Macintosha (accusative singular)
Macintoshem (instrumental singular)
Macintoshu (locative singular)
Macintoshu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Macintosh.

ubor

(computing) Macintosh (brand of personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc.)


dane

dane (nominative plural)
danych (genitive plural)
danym (dative plural)
dane (accusative plural)
danymi (instrumental plural)
danych (locative plural)
dane (plural vocative)

From dany + -e. Cognate with and calque of English data.

(nominalized, computing) data (representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process)


login

login (nominative singular)
loginy (nominative plural)
loginu (genitive singular)
loginów (genitive plural)
loginowi (dative singular)
loginom (dative plural)
login (accusative singular)
loginy (accusative plural)
loginem (instrumental singular)
loginami (instrumental plural)
loginie (locative singular)
loginach (locative plural)
loginie (singular vocative)
loginy (plural vocative)

(computing) login (user's identification)


C++

(programming) C++ (programming language)


singleton

singleton (nominative singular)
singletony (nominative plural)
singletonu (genitive singular)
singletonów (genitive plural)
singletonowi (dative singular)
singletonom (dative plural)
singleton (accusative singular)
singletony (accusative plural)
singletonem (instrumental singular)
singletonami (instrumental plural)
singletonie (locative singular)
singletonach (locative plural)
singletonie (singular vocative)
singletony (plural vocative)

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

software engineering
software engineering

(object-oriented programming, software engineering) singleton, singleton pattern (creational design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object)


cd

cd m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD, compact disc”)


cd

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD player”)


iBook

iBook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
iBook (nominative singular)
iBooki (nominative plural)
iBooka (genitive singular)
iBooków (genitive plural)
iBookowi (dative singular)
iBookom (dative plural)
iBook (accusative singular)
iBooka (accusative singular)
iBooki (accusative plural)
iBookiem (instrumental singular)
iBookami (instrumental plural)
iBooku (locative singular)
iBookach (locative plural)
iBooku (singular vocative)
iBooki (plural vocative)

(computing) iBook (computer of a line of lower-end laptop computers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer)


iMac

iMac m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
iMac (nominative singular)
iMaci (nominative plural)
iMaca (genitive singular)
iMaców (genitive plural)
iMacowi (dative singular)
iMacom (dative plural)
iMac (accusative singular)
iMaca (accusative singular)
iMaci (accusative plural)
iMakiem (instrumental singular)
iMacami (instrumental plural)
iMacu (locative singular)
iMacach (locative plural)
iMacu (singular vocative)
iMaci (plural vocative)

(computing) iMac (one of a line of all-in-one Macintosh computers made by Apple Inc.)


bazooka

bazooka (nominative singular)
bazooki (nominative plural)
bazooki (genitive singular)
bazook (genitive plural)
bazooce (dative singular)
bazookom (dative plural)
bazookę (accusative singular)
bazooki (accusative plural)
bazooką (instrumental singular)
bazookami (instrumental plural)
bazooce (locative singular)
bazookach (locative plural)
bazooko (singular vocative)
bazooki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bazooka.

(weaponry) bazooka (shoulder-held rocket launcher used as an antitank weapon)


ikona

ikonka (diminutive)
ikona (nominative singular)
ikony (nominative plural)
ikony (genitive singular)
ikon (genitive plural)
ikonie (dative singular)
ikonom (dative plural)
ikonę (accusative singular)
ikony (accusative plural)
ikoną (instrumental singular)
ikonami (instrumental plural)
ikonie (locative singular)
ikonach (locative plural)
ikono (singular vocative)
ikony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ико́на (ikóna), from Greek εικόνα (eikóna), from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn).

(graphical user interface) computer icon


biblioteka

pl-noun

biblioteka f (diminutive biblioteczka, related adjective biblioteczny)

biblioteczka (diminutive)
biblioteczny (adjective)
biblioteka (nominative singular)
biblioteki (nominative plural)
biblioteki (genitive singular)
bibliotek (genitive plural)
bibliotece (dative singular)
bibliotekom (dative plural)
bibliotekę (accusative singular)
biblioteki (accusative plural)
biblioteką (instrumental singular)
bibliotekami (instrumental plural)
bibliotece (locative singular)
bibliotekach (locative plural)
biblioteko (singular vocative)
biblioteki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin bibliothēca.

lbor

(programming) library (collection of software routines for a program to use)


masa

masowy (adjective)
masa (nominative singular)
masy (nominative plural)
masy (genitive singular)
mas (genitive plural)
masie (dative singular)
masom (dative plural)
masę (accusative singular)
masy (accusative plural)
masą (instrumental singular)
masami (instrumental plural)
masie (locative singular)
masach (locative plural)
maso (singular vocative)
masy (plural vocative)
massa (alternative Middle Polish)

→ Kashubian: masa

→ Slovincian: masa

Learned borrowing from Latin māssa. First attested in 1534. Compare Silesian masa.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “massa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(electricity) ground (point against which potentials are measured in an electrical or electronic system)

(obsolete, uncountable, metallurgy) a type of greasy sand used in the production of steel castings


apertura

apertura (nominative singular)
apertury (nominative plural)
apertury (genitive singular)
apertur (genitive plural)
aperturze (dative singular)
aperturom (dative plural)
aperturę (accusative singular)
apertury (accusative plural)
aperturą (instrumental singular)
aperturami (instrumental plural)
aperturze (locative singular)
aperturach (locative plural)
aperturo (singular vocative)
apertury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English aperture or French aperture, from Latin apertūra.

(optics) aperture (a hole which restricts the diameter of the lightpath through one plane in an optical system)


skarpeta

skarpetka (diminutive)
skarpeta (nominative singular)
skarpety (nominative plural)
skarpety (genitive singular)
skarpet (genitive plural)
skarpecie (dative singular)
skarpetom (dative plural)
skarpetę (accusative singular)
skarpety (accusative plural)
skarpetą (instrumental singular)
skarpetami (instrumental plural)
skarpecie (locative singular)
skarpetach (locative plural)
skarpeto (singular vocative)
skarpety (plural vocative)

(aviation, informal, meteorology) windsock


laptop

pl-noun

laptop m inan or m animal (related adjective laptopowy)

laptop m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
laptopowy (adjective)
laptop (nominative singular)
laptopy (nominative plural)
laptopa (genitive singular)
laptopu (genitive singular)
laptopów (genitive plural)
laptopowi (dative singular)
laptopom (dative plural)
laptop (accusative singular)
laptopa (accusative singular)
laptopy (accusative plural)
laptopem (instrumental singular)
laptopami (instrumental plural)
laptopie (locative singular)
laptopach (locative plural)
laptopie (singular vocative)
laptopy (plural vocative)

(computing) laptop, laptop computer (portable computer that is small enough and light enough to be used on one's lap, but large enough to have an integrated keyboard)


werk

werk (nominative singular)
werki (nominative plural)
werku (genitive singular)
werków (genitive plural)
werkowi (dative singular)
werkom (dative plural)
werk (accusative singular)
werki (accusative plural)
werkiem (instrumental singular)
werkami (instrumental plural)
werku (locative singular)
werkach (locative plural)
werku (singular vocative)
werki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Werk, from Middle High German wërc, from Old High German werc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Possibly a doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”).


ster

ster (nominative singular)
stery (nominative plural)
steru (genitive singular)
sterów (genitive plural)
sterowi (dative singular)
sterom (dative plural)
ster (accusative singular)
stery (accusative plural)
sterem (instrumental singular)
sterami (instrumental plural)
sterze (locative singular)
sterach (locative plural)
sterze (singular vocative)
stery (plural vocative)

(aeronautics) control surface (of an aircraft)


kapot

kapot (nominative singular)
kapoty (nominative plural)
kapotu (genitive singular)
kapotów (genitive plural)
kapotowi (dative singular)
kapotom (dative plural)
kapot (accusative singular)
kapoty (accusative plural)
kapotem (instrumental singular)
kapotami (instrumental plural)
kapocie (locative singular)
kapotach (locative plural)
kapocie (singular vocative)
kapoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French capot, from Old French capote, diminutive of cape, from Late Latin cappa.

(aviation) cover for protruding elements of the airframe


beeper

beeper (nominative singular)
beepery (nominative plural)
beepera (genitive singular)
beeperów (genitive plural)
beeperowi (dative singular)
beeperom (dative plural)
beeper (accusative singular)
beepery (accusative plural)
beeperem (instrumental singular)
beeperami (instrumental plural)
beeperze (locative singular)
beeperach (locative plural)
beeperze (singular vocative)
beepery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English beeper.

(electronics, telecommunications) alternative spelling of biper


restart

restart (nominative singular)
restarty (nominative plural)
restartu (genitive singular)
restartów (genitive plural)
restartowi (dative singular)
restartom (dative plural)
restart (accusative singular)
restarty (accusative plural)
restartem (instrumental singular)
restartami (instrumental plural)
restarcie (locative singular)
restartach (locative plural)
restarcie (singular vocative)
restarty (plural vocative)

(computing) restart (act of restarting a computer)


autopilot

autopilot (nominative singular)
autopiloty (nominative plural)
autopilota (genitive singular)
autopilotów (genitive plural)
autopilotowi (dative singular)
autopilotom (dative plural)
autopilota (accusative singular)
autopiloty (accusative plural)
autopilotem (instrumental singular)
autopilotami (instrumental plural)
autopilocie (locative singular)
autopilotach (locative plural)
autopilocie (singular vocative)
autopiloty (plural vocative)

From auto- + pilot. First attested in 1927.

(aviation, nautical, navigation, technology) autopilot


cel

cel (nominative singular)
cele (nominative plural)
celu (genitive singular)
celi (genitive plural)
celów (genitive plural)
celowi (dative singular)
celom (dative plural)
cel (accusative singular)
cele (accusative plural)
celem (instrumental singular)
celami (instrumental plural)
celu (locative singular)
celach (locative plural)
celu (singular vocative)
cele (plural vocative)
cyl (alternative Middle Polish)
czel (alternative Middle Polish)

→ Belarusian: цэль (celʹ)

→ Esperanto: celo

→ Kashubian: cél

→ Slovincian: cél

desctree

→ Russian: цель (celʹ), цѣль (cělʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Yakut: сыал (sıal)

→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)

Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel.

(archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle)


Bluetooth

Unadapted borrowing from English Bluetooth, a calque from Old Norse Blátǫnn.

ubor

(networking) Bluetooth (personal area wireless network)


tutaj

Inherited from Old Polish tuta, influenced by dzisiaj and wczoraj. Compare Silesian tukej, Russian тут (tut).

tuta (alternative Middle Polish)
tukaj (alternative)

(colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking


huta

huta (nominative singular)
huty (nominative plural)
huty (genitive singular)
hut (genitive plural)
hucie (dative singular)
hutom (dative plural)
hutę (accusative singular)
huty (accusative plural)
hutą (instrumental singular)
hutami (instrumental plural)
hucie (locative singular)
hutach (locative plural)
huto (singular vocative)
huty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Hütte, from Middle High German hütte, from Old High German hutta, possibly from Proto-Germanic *hudjǭ.


kosz

koszyk (diminutive)
kosz (nominative singular)
kosze (nominative plural)
kosza (genitive singular)
koszy (genitive plural)
koszów (genitive plural)
koszowi (dative singular)
koszom (dative plural)
kosz (accusative singular)
kosze (accusative plural)
koszem (instrumental singular)
koszami (instrumental plural)
koszu (locative singular)
koszach (locative plural)
koszu (singular vocative)
kosze (plural vocative)


potok

potoczek (diminutive)
potok (nominative singular)
potoki (nominative plural)
potoku (genitive singular)
potoków (genitive plural)
potokowi (dative singular)
potokom (dative plural)
potok (accusative singular)
potoki (accusative plural)
potokiem (instrumental singular)
potokami (instrumental plural)
potoku (locative singular)
potokach (locative plural)
potoku (singular vocative)
potoki (plural vocative)


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)
barón (alternative)
baron (alternative)

(obsolete, engineering) pile driver (machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground)


kil

kilowy (adjective)
kil (nominative singular)
kile (nominative plural)
kila (genitive singular)
kilu (genitive singular)
kili (genitive plural)
kilowi (dative singular)
kilom (dative plural)
kil (accusative singular)
kile (accusative plural)
kilem (instrumental singular)
kilami (instrumental plural)
kilu (locative singular)
kilach (locative plural)
kilu (singular vocative)
kile (plural vocative)

(aeronautics) keel (construction similar in form and use to a ship's keel; in an aeroplane, a fin or fixed surface employed to increase stability and to hold the machine to its course)


liść

listek (diminutive)
liść (nominative singular)
liście (nominative plural)
liścia (genitive singular)
liści (genitive plural)
liściowi (dative singular)
liściom (dative plural)
liść (accusative singular)
liście (accusative plural)
liściem (instrumental singular)
liśćmi (instrumental plural)
liściu (locative singular)
liściach (locative plural)
liściu (singular vocative)
liście (plural vocative)

Back-formation from liście, from Proto-Slavic *listьje (“foliage”), from *listъ (“leaf”), whence list (“letter”).


sonda

sonda (nominative singular)
sondy (nominative plural)
sondy (genitive singular)
sond (genitive plural)
sondzie (dative singular)
sondom (dative plural)
sondę (accusative singular)
sondy (accusative plural)
sondą (instrumental singular)
sondami (instrumental plural)
sondzie (locative singular)
sondach (locative plural)
sondo (singular vocative)
sondy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sonde, from Middle French, from Old French sonde, from Old English sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)-.


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(uncountable, physics, mechanics) power, strength (measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time)


winda

windowy (adjective)
winda (nominative singular)
windy (nominative plural)
windy (genitive singular)
wind (genitive plural)
windzie (dative singular)
windom (dative plural)
windę (accusative singular)
windy (accusative plural)
windą (instrumental singular)
windami (instrumental plural)
windzie (locative singular)
windach (locative plural)
windo (singular vocative)
windy (plural vocative)

(mechanics) elevator, lift (permanent construction with a built-in platform or cab that can be raised and lowered, used to transport people and goods, as between different floors of a building)


armatura

armatura f (related adjective armaturowy)

armaturowy (adjective)
armatura (nominative singular)
armatury (genitive singular)
armaturze (dative singular)
armaturę (accusative singular)
armaturą (instrumental singular)
armaturze (locative singular)
armaturo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin armātūra. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Armatur and sense 2 is a semantic loan from Italian armatura.

sl

(engineering) fixture, faucet, valve or tap, most prominently of a washbasin or sink


kość

pl-noun

kość f (diminutive kostka, augmentative kościsko, related adjective kostny)

kostka (diminutive)
kościsko (augmentative)
kostny (adjective)
kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościom (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kością (instrumental singular)
kośćmi (instrumental plural)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


blok

bloczek (diminutive)
blok (nominative singular)
bloki (nominative plural)
bloku (genitive singular)
bloków (genitive plural)
blokowi (dative singular)
blokom (dative plural)
blok (accusative singular)
bloki (accusative plural)
blokiem (instrumental singular)
blokami (instrumental plural)
bloku (locative singular)
blokach (locative plural)
bloku (singular vocative)
bloki (plural vocative)
bloch (alternative)

Borrowed from German Block. Sense 8 is a semantic loan from English code block, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English block, sense 10 is a semantic loan from English heart block, and sense 11 is a semantic loan from English engine block. First attested in 1782.

sl

(computing) code block (block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language)


emulator

emulator (nominative singular)
emulatory (nominative plural)
emulatora (genitive singular)
emulatorów (genitive plural)
emulatorowi (dative singular)
emulatorom (dative plural)
emulator (accusative singular)
emulatory (accusative plural)
emulatorem (instrumental singular)
emulatorami (instrumental plural)
emulatorze (locative singular)
emulatorach (locative plural)
emulatorze (singular vocative)
emulatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English emulator, French émulateur, German Emulator, ultimately from Latin aemulātor.

(computing) emulator (piece of software or hardware that simulates another system)


dokument

pl-noun

dokument m inan (diminutive dokumencik, related adjective dokumentowy)

dokumencik (diminutive)
dokumentowy (adjective)
dokument (nominative singular)
dokumenty (nominative plural)
dokumenta (nominative plural)
dokumentu (genitive singular)
dokumentów (genitive plural)
dokumentowi (dative singular)
dokumentom (dative plural)
dokument (accusative singular)
dokumenty (accusative plural)
dokumenta (accusative plural)
dokumentem (instrumental singular)
dokumentami (instrumental plural)
dokumencie (locative singular)
dokumentach (locative plural)
dokumencie (singular vocative)
dokumenty (plural vocative)
dokumenta (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: dokùment

Learned borrowing from Latin documentum. First attested in 1564. Compare Silesian dokumynt.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dokument”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(computing) document (file that contains text)


paternoster

paternoster (nominative singular)
paternostery (nominative plural)
paternosteru (genitive singular)
paternosterów (genitive plural)
paternosterowi (dative singular)
paternosterom (dative plural)
paternoster (accusative singular)
paternostery (accusative plural)
paternosterem (instrumental singular)
paternosterami (instrumental plural)
paternosterze (locative singular)
paternosterach (locative plural)
paternosterze (singular vocative)
paternostery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Pater noster.

lbor

(mechanics) paternoster (slow, continuously moving lift or elevator consisting of a loop of open-fronted cabins running the height of a building)


membrana

membrana (nominative singular)
membrany (nominative plural)
membrany (genitive singular)
membran (genitive plural)
membranie (dative singular)
membranom (dative plural)
membranę (accusative singular)
membrany (accusative plural)
membraną (instrumental singular)
membranami (instrumental plural)
membranie (locative singular)
membranach (locative plural)
membrano (singular vocative)
membrany (plural vocative)

(mechanics) membrane (mechanical part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force)


roaming

roaming (nominative singular)
roamingu (genitive singular)
roamingowi (dative singular)
roaming (accusative singular)
roamingiem (instrumental singular)
roamingu (locative singular)
roamingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English roaming.

ubor

(computing, telecommunications) roaming (using a cell phone outside of its original registering zone)


alternator

alternator (nominative singular)
alternatory (nominative plural)
alternatora (genitive singular)
alternatorów (genitive plural)
alternatorowi (dative singular)
alternatorom (dative plural)
alternator (accusative singular)
alternatory (accusative plural)
alternatorem (instrumental singular)
alternatorami (instrumental plural)
alternatorze (locative singular)
alternatorach (locative plural)
alternatorze (singular vocative)
alternatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English alternator, from Latin alternō. First attested in 1892.

ref

Józef Jerzy Boguski (1892) Wstęp do elektrotechniki : odczyty wygłoszone na posiedzeniach Sekcyi 1-ej technicznej Warszawskiego Tow. popierania przemysłu i handlu. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page III

alternator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

zacisk alternatora

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) alternator (electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means)


przykład

pl-noun

przykład m inan (diminutive przykładzik or przykładek)

przykładzik (diminutive)
przykładek (diminutive)
przykład (nominative singular)
przykłady (nominative plural)
przykładu (genitive singular)
przykładów (genitive plural)
przykładowi (dative singular)
przykładom (dative plural)
przykład (accusative singular)
przykłady (accusative plural)
przykładem (instrumental singular)
przykładami (instrumental plural)
przykładzie (locative singular)
przykładach (locative plural)
przykładzie (singular vocative)
przykłady (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: пры́клад (prýklad)

→ Kashubian: przëkłôd

→ Ukrainian: при́клад (prýklad)

Inherited from Old Polish przykład. By surface analysis, deverbal from przykładać.


MMS

pl-noun

MMS m animal or m inan (related adjective MMS-owy)

MMS m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
MMS-owy (adjective)
MMS (nominative singular)
MMS-y (nominative plural)
MMS-a (genitive singular)
MMS-u (genitive singular)
MMS-ów (genitive plural)
MMS-owi (dative singular)
MMS-om (dative plural)
MMS-a (accusative singular)
MMS (accusative singular)
MMS-y (accusative plural)
MMS-em (instrumental singular)
MMS-ami (instrumental plural)
MMS-ie (locative singular)
MMS-ach (locative plural)
MMS-ie (singular vocative)
MMS-y (plural vocative)
mms (alternative)

Orthographic borrowing from English MMS.

(uncountable, telecommunications) Multimedia Messaging Service (standard way to send messages that include multimedia content to and from a mobile phone over a cellular network)


chmura

chmura f (diminutive chmurka, augmentative chmurzysko)

chmurka (diminutive)
chmurzysko (augmentative)
chmura (nominative singular)
chmury (nominative plural)
chmury (genitive singular)
chmur (genitive plural)
chmurze (dative singular)
chmurom (dative plural)
chmurę (accusative singular)
chmury (accusative plural)
chmurą (instrumental singular)
chmurami (instrumental plural)
chmurze (locative singular)
chmurach (locative plural)
chmuro (singular vocative)
chmury (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xmura. Compare Belarusian, Ukrainian хмара (xmara).


słowo

słówko (diminutive)
słowo (nominative singular)
słowa (nominative plural)
słowa (genitive singular)
słów (genitive plural)
słowu (dative singular)
słowom (dative plural)
słowo (accusative singular)
słowa (accusative plural)
słowem (instrumental singular)
słowami (instrumental plural)
słowy (instrumental plural)
słowie (locative singular)
słowach (locative plural)
słowo (singular vocative)
słowa (plural vocative)

(computing) word (fixed-size group of bits handled as a unit by a machine and which can be stored in or retrieved from a typical register so that it has the same size as such a register)


aparat

aparat m inan (diminutive aparacik, related adjective aparatowy)

aparacik (diminutive)
aparatowy (adjective)
aparat (nominative singular)
aparaty (nominative plural)
aparatu (genitive singular)
aparatów (genitive plural)
aparatowi (dative singular)
aparatom (dative plural)
aparat (accusative singular)
aparaty (accusative plural)
aparatem (instrumental singular)
aparatami (instrumental plural)
aparacie (locative singular)
aparatach (locative plural)
aparacie (singular vocative)
aparaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin apparātus. First attested in 1549.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aparat”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

apparatus (device with some function) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

apparatus (device with some function)
mobile phone, handset


bimetal

bimetal (nominative singular)
bimetale (nominative plural)
bimetalu (genitive singular)
bimetali (genitive plural)
bimetalowi (dative singular)
bimetalom (dative plural)
bimetal (accusative singular)
bimetale (accusative plural)
bimetalem (instrumental singular)
bimetalami (instrumental plural)
bimetalu (locative singular)
bimetalach (locative plural)
bimetalu (singular vocative)
bimetale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bimetal. By surface analysis, bi- + metal. First attested in 1900.


topos

topos (nominative singular)
toposy (nominative plural)
toposu (genitive singular)
toposów (genitive plural)
toposowi (dative singular)
toposom (dative plural)
topos (accusative singular)
toposy (accusative plural)
toposem (instrumental singular)
toposami (instrumental plural)
toposie (locative singular)
toposach (locative plural)
toposie (singular vocative)
toposy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos).

lbor

(category theory) topos, elementary topos (Cartesian closed category which has a subobject classifier)


autonomia

autonomia (nominative singular)
autonomii (genitive singular)
autonomii (dative singular)
autonomię (accusative singular)
autonomią (instrumental singular)
autonomii (locative singular)
autonomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English autonomy, French autonomie, German Autonomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). By surface analysis, auto- + -nomia.

(mechanics) autonomy (the capacity of a system to make a decision about its actions without the involvement of another system or operator)


briefing

briefing (nominative singular)
briefingi (nominative plural)
briefingu (genitive singular)
briefingów (genitive plural)
briefingowi (dative singular)
briefingom (dative plural)
briefing (accusative singular)
briefingi (accusative plural)
briefingiem (instrumental singular)
briefingami (instrumental plural)
briefingu (locative singular)
briefingach (locative plural)
briefingu (singular vocative)
briefingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English briefing.

ubor

(aviation) check-in for pilots held before takeoff


personalia

personalia (nominative plural)
personaliów (genitive plural)
personaliom (dative plural)
personalia (accusative plural)
personaliami (instrumental plural)
personaliach (locative plural)
personalia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin persōnālia.


klik

klik (nominative singular)
kliki (nominative plural)
kliku (genitive singular)
klików (genitive plural)
klikowi (dative singular)
klikom (dative plural)
klik (accusative singular)
kliki (accusative plural)
klikiem (instrumental singular)
klikami (instrumental plural)
kliku (locative singular)
klikach (locative plural)
kliku (singular vocative)
kliki (plural vocative)

(colloquial, graphical user interface) click (act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software)


kabel

kabel (nominative singular)
kable (nominative plural)
kabla (genitive singular)
kabli (genitive plural)
kablowi (dative singular)
kablom (dative plural)
kabel (accusative singular)
kable (accusative plural)
kablem (instrumental singular)
kablami (instrumental plural)
kablu (locative singular)
kablach (locative plural)
kablu (singular vocative)
kable (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kabel, from Middle High German kabel, from Middle Low German, from Middle Dutch cabel, from Old French cable, an Old Northern French (i.e. Old Norman or Picard) variant of chable, cheable, chaable, from Vulgar Latin *caplum, contracted form of Late Latin capulum, from Latin capiō.

(electricity) cable (large wire or rope)


tapeta

tapetka (diminutive)
tapeta (nominative singular)
tapety (nominative plural)
tapety (genitive singular)
tapet (genitive plural)
tapecie (dative singular)
tapetom (dative plural)
tapetę (accusative singular)
tapety (accusative plural)
tapetą (instrumental singular)
tapetami (instrumental plural)
tapecie (locative singular)
tapetach (locative plural)
tapeto (singular vocative)
tapety (plural vocative)


ontologia

ontologia (nominative singular)
ontologii (genitive singular)
ontologii (dative singular)
ontologię (accusative singular)
ontologią (instrumental singular)
ontologii (locative singular)
ontologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ontology, French ontologie, German Ontologie, ultimately from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos). By surface analysis, onto- + -logia.

(computer science, information science) ontology (system model in computer science)


entropia

entropia (nominative singular)
entropii (genitive singular)
entropii (dative singular)
entropię (accusative singular)
entropią (instrumental singular)
entropii (locative singular)
entropio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English entropy, French entropie, German Entropie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon) + τροπή (tropḗ).

(information theory) entropy (measure of the amount of information in a signal)


boombox

boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksu (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boombox (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)
boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksa (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boomboksa (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English boom box.


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(electronics) charging base (the part of a device permanently connected to electricity in which its movable part is placed in order to charge it)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Bulgarian: карта (karta)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


semafor

pl-noun

semafor m inan (related adjective semaforowy)

semaforowy (adjective)
semafor (nominative singular)
semafory (nominative plural)
semafora (genitive singular)
semaforów (genitive plural)
semaforowi (dative singular)
semaforom (dative plural)
semafor (accusative singular)
semafory (accusative plural)
semaforem (instrumental singular)
semaforami (instrumental plural)
semaforze (locative singular)
semaforach (locative plural)
semaforze (singular vocative)
semafory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sémaphore. First attested in 1830.

(countable, computing) semaphore (bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes)


automat

automat (nominative singular)
automaty (nominative plural)
automatu (genitive singular)
automatów (genitive plural)
automatowi (dative singular)
automatom (dative plural)
automat (accusative singular)
automaty (accusative plural)
automatem (instrumental singular)
automatami (instrumental plural)
automacie (locative singular)
automatach (locative plural)
automacie (singular vocative)
automaty (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos)der.
German Automatbor.
Polish automat
Borrowed from German Automat. By surface analysis, auto- + -mat.

etymon

(colloquial, firearms) submachine gun, SMG (type of short range machine gun that is carried as a personal weapon and uses pistol ammunition)