pies

pl-noun

pies m animal (diminutive piesek, augmentative psisko, related adjective psi)

piesek (diminutive)
psisko (augmentative)
psi (adjective)
pies (nominative singular)
psy (nominative plural)
psa (genitive singular)
psów (genitive plural)
psu (dative singular)
psom (dative plural)
psa (accusative singular)
psy (accusative plural)
psem (instrumental singular)
psami (instrumental plural)
psie (locative singular)
psach (locative plural)
psie (singular vocative)
psy (plural vocative)

(obsolete, music) place where strings of a violin are connected


bit

bit (nominative singular)
bity (nominative plural)
bitu (genitive singular)
bitów (genitive plural)
bitowi (dative singular)
bitom (dative plural)
bit (accusative singular)
bity (accusative plural)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bitami (instrumental plural)
bicie (locative singular)
bitach (locative plural)
bicie (singular vocative)
bity (plural vocative)
beat (alternative)

(music) beat (rhythm signalled by a conductor or other musician to the members of a group of musicians)


aria

aria (nominative singular)
arie (nominative plural)
arii (genitive singular)
arii (genitive plural)
aryj (archaic genitive plural)
arii (dative singular)
ariom (dative plural)
arię (accusative singular)
arie (accusative plural)
arią (instrumental singular)
ariami (instrumental plural)
arii (locative singular)
ariach (locative plural)
ario (singular vocative)
arie (plural vocative)


arietta

arietta (nominative singular)
arietty (nominative plural)
arietty (genitive singular)
ariett (genitive plural)
arietcie (dative singular)
ariettom (dative plural)
ariettę (accusative singular)
arietty (accusative plural)
ariettą (instrumental singular)
ariettami (instrumental plural)
arietcie (locative singular)
ariettach (locative plural)
arietto (singular vocative)
arietty (plural vocative)


tempo

tempo (nominative singular)
tempa (nominative plural)
tempa (genitive singular)
temp (genitive plural)
tempu (dative singular)
tempom (dative plural)
tempo (accusative singular)
tempa (accusative plural)
tempem (instrumental singular)
tempami (instrumental plural)
tempie (locative singular)
tempach (locative plural)
tempo (singular vocative)
tempa (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian tempo, from Latin tempus, from Proto-Indo-European *tempos.

(music) tempo (number of beats per minute)


musical

musical (nominative singular)
musicale (nominative plural)
musicalu (genitive singular)
musicali (genitive plural)
musicalowi (dative singular)
musicalom (dative plural)
musical (accusative singular)
musicale (accusative plural)
musicalem (instrumental singular)
musicalami (instrumental plural)
musicalu (locative singular)
musicalach (locative plural)
musicalu (singular vocative)
musicale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English musical, from Middle English musical, from Old French, from Medieval Latin mūsicālis, from Latin mūsica + -ālis.

ubor

(film, music, theater) musical (stage performance, show or film)


song

song (nominative singular)
songi (nominative plural)
songu (genitive singular)
songów (genitive plural)
songowi (dative singular)
songom (dative plural)
song (accusative singular)
songi (accusative plural)
songiem (instrumental singular)
songami (instrumental plural)
songu (locative singular)
songach (locative plural)
songu (singular vocative)
songi (plural vocative)

(music, theater) musical theater song, usually with social or political commentary


kaczka

pl-noun

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)
kacka (alternative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka, a West Slavic innovation of onomatopoeic origin (for the duck's cry, compare English quack for a similar formation) which replaced Proto-Slavic *ǫtь (“duck”) in West Slavic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


wysokość

wysokość f (related adjective wysokościowy)

wysokościowy (adjective)
wysokość (nominative singular)
wysokości (nominative plural)
wysokości (genitive singular)
wysokości (genitive plural)
wysokości (dative singular)
wysokościom (dative plural)
wysokość (accusative singular)
wysokości (accusative plural)
wysokością (instrumental singular)
wysokościami (instrumental plural)
wysokości (locative singular)
wysokościach (locative plural)
wysokości (singular vocative)
wysokości (plural vocative)

/vɘˈsɔ.kɔɕt͡ɕ/

/vɨˈsɔ.kɔɕt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish wysokość. By surface analysis, wysoki + -ość. Compare Czech vysokost, Kashubian wësokòsc, and Russian высо́кость (vysókostʹ).

(music) highness; pitch (trait of a sound resulting from a high frequency; perceived frequency of a sound)


góra

góra f (diminutive górka, abbreviation g.)

górka (diminutive)
g. (abbreviation)
góra (nominative singular)
góry (nominative plural)
góry (genitive singular)
gór (genitive plural)
górze (dative singular)
górom (dative plural)
górę (accusative singular)
góry (accusative plural)
górą (instrumental singular)
górami (instrumental plural)
górze (locative singular)
górach (locative plural)
góro (singular vocative)
góry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish góra. Sense 5 is preserved in terms such as górnik and was displaced by kopalnia. Doublet of hore.

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, ale człowiek

nie przyszła góra do Mahometa, przyszedł Mahomet do góry

(uncountable) top (higher part of some object; upmost part of something)

(uncountable, music) upper range of a singer


got

gotka (feminine)
got (nominative singular)
goci (nominative plural)
goty (derogatory nominative plural)
gota (genitive singular)
gotów (genitive plural)
gotowi (dative singular)
gotom (dative plural)
gota (accusative singular)
gotów (accusative plural)
gotem (instrumental singular)
gotami (instrumental plural)
gocie (locative singular)
gotach (locative plural)
gocie (singular vocative)
goci (plural vocative)

(music) goth (person who is part of the goth subculture)


hit

hit (nominative singular)
hity (nominative plural)
hitu (genitive singular)
hitów (genitive plural)
hitowi (dative singular)
hitom (dative plural)
hit (accusative singular)
hity (accusative plural)
hitem (instrumental singular)
hitami (instrumental plural)
hicie (locative singular)
hitach (locative plural)
hicie (singular vocative)
hity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English hit, from Middle English hitten, from Old English hittan, from Old Norse hitta, from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd-.

(music) hit (a success, especially in the entertainment industry)


set

setowy (adjective)
set (nominative singular)
sety (nominative plural)
setu (genitive singular)
setów (genitive plural)
setowi (dative singular)
setom (dative plural)
set (accusative singular)
sety (accusative plural)
setem (instrumental singular)
setami (instrumental plural)
secie (locative singular)
setach (locative plural)
secie (singular vocative)
sety (plural vocative)

(colloquial, music) set (set of songs performed during a concert of popular music)


cover

cover (nominative singular)
covery (nominative plural)
coveru (genitive singular)
coverów (genitive plural)
coverowi (dative singular)
coverom (dative plural)
cover (accusative singular)
covery (accusative plural)
coverem (instrumental singular)
coverami (instrumental plural)
coverze (locative singular)
coverach (locative plural)
coverze (singular vocative)
covery (plural vocative)

(music) cover version (rerecording of a song)


metal

metal (nominative singular)
metale (nominative plural)
metala (genitive singular)
metali (genitive plural)
metalowi (dative singular)
metalom (dative plural)
metala (accusative singular)
metali (accusative plural)
metalem (instrumental singular)
metalami (instrumental plural)
metalu (locative singular)
metalach (locative plural)
metalu (singular vocative)
metale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English metal, French métal, German Metall, ultimately from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English metal.

sl

(music, slang) metalhead, metaller, metallist (one who listens to heavy metal music)


live

pl-adj

live (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(colloquial, music, postpositive) live (made during a performance in front of an audience, and not, as usual, in a recording studio)


live

live (nominative singular)
live'y (nominative plural)
live'a (genitive singular)
live'u (genitive singular)
live'ów (genitive plural)
live'owi (dative singular)
live'om (dative plural)
live'a (accusative singular)
live'u (accusative singular)
live'y (accusative plural)
live'em (instrumental singular)
live'ami (instrumental plural)
livie (locative singular)
live'ach (locative plural)
livie (singular vocative)
live'y (plural vocative)
lajw (alternative)

(colloquial, music) live recording (recording made during a performance in front of an audience, and not, as usual, in a recording studio)


analog

analog (nominative singular)
analogi (nominative plural)
analogu (genitive singular)
analogów (genitive plural)
analogowi (dative singular)
analogom (dative plural)
analog (accusative singular)
analogi (accusative plural)
analogiem (instrumental singular)
analogami (instrumental plural)
analogu (locative singular)
analogach (locative plural)
analogu (singular vocative)
analogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “analog”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 34


band

band (nominative singular)
bandy (nominative plural)
bandu (genitive singular)
bandów (genitive plural)
bandowi (dative singular)
bandom (dative plural)
band (accusative singular)
bandy (accusative plural)
bandem (instrumental singular)
bandami (instrumental plural)
bandzie (locative singular)
bandach (locative plural)
bandzie (singular vocative)
bandy (plural vocative)

(music) pop or jazz band playing mostly wind instruments


a cappella

pl-adj

a cappella (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian a cappella.

ubor

(music) a cappella (performed by a choir with no instrumental accompaniment)


CD

CD m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)
cd (alternative uncommon)


duo

Borrowed from Italian duo, from Latin duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Doublet of dwa (“two”).

(music) duo (piece of music written for two musicians)


Orthographic borrowing from English MP3.

(music) MP3 (digital sound recording in MP3 format; a song file)

(music) MP3 player (electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format (and, in many cases, also files in some other formats and/or including a radio function))


requiem

(music) requiem (musical composition composed for such a mass)


hip-hop

hip-hop (nominative singular)
hip-hopu (genitive singular)
hip-hopowi (dative singular)
hip-hop (accusative singular)
hip-hopem (instrumental singular)
hip-hopie (locative singular)
hip-hopie (singular vocative)
hip hop (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip-hop.

(music) hip-hop (form of popular and dance music featuring strong percussion and a powerful rhythm, usually accompanied by rapping)


bont

bont (nominative singular)
bonty (nominative plural)
bontu (genitive singular)
bontów (genitive plural)
bontowi (dative singular)
bontom (dative plural)
bont (accusative singular)
bonty (accusative plural)
bontem (instrumental singular)
bontami (instrumental plural)
boncie (locative singular)
bontach (locative plural)
boncie (singular vocative)
bonty (plural vocative)

(music) fret (one of the pieces of metal, plastic, or wood across the neck of a guitar or other string instrument that marks where a finger should be positioned to depress a string as it is played)


banjo

Unadapted borrowing from English banjo, from bandore, from Spanish bandurria, from Latin pandūra, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra). Doublet of bandura and mandola.


hymn

hymn (nominative singular)
hymny (nominative plural)
hymnu (genitive singular)
hymnów (genitive plural)
hymnowi (dative singular)
hymnom (dative plural)
hymn (accusative singular)
hymny (accusative plural)
hymnem (instrumental singular)
hymnami (instrumental plural)
hymnie (locative singular)
hymnach (locative plural)
hymnie (singular vocative)
hymny (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: гімн m inan (himn)

desctree

→ Russian: гимн m inan (gimn) (likely)
→ Armenian: հիմն (himn)
→ Bashkir: гимн (gimn)
→ Crimean Tatar: gimn
→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni), გიმნი (gimni) — informal, proscribed
→ Kazakh: gïmn
→ Kildin Sami: гӣммн (gīmmn)
→ Urum: гимн
→ Uzbek: gimn

→? Ukrainian: гімн m inan (himn)

Learned borrowing from Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).


harmonia

harmonia (nominative singular)
harmonie (nominative plural)
harmonii (genitive singular)
harmonii (genitive plural)
harmonij (archaic genitive plural)
harmonii (dative singular)
harmoniom (dative plural)
harmonię (accusative singular)
harmonie (accusative plural)
harmonią (instrumental singular)
harmoniami (instrumental plural)
harmonii (locative singular)
harmoniach (locative plural)
harmonio (singular vocative)
harmonie (plural vocative)
jarmonijá (alternative)

(uncountable, music) harmony, consonance (agreement; absence of discordance)


label

label (nominative singular)
labele (nominative plural)
labela (genitive singular)
labeli (genitive plural)
labelowi (dative singular)
labelom (dative plural)
label (accusative singular)
labele (accusative plural)
labelem (instrumental singular)
labelami (instrumental plural)
labelu (locative singular)
labelach (locative plural)
labelu (singular vocative)
labele (plural vocative)


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(obsolete, music) system (set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously)


ton

tonowy (adjective)
ton (nominative singular)
tony (nominative plural)
tonu (genitive singular)
tonów (genitive plural)
tonowi (dative singular)
tonom (dative plural)
ton (accusative singular)
tony (accusative plural)
tonem (instrumental singular)
tonami (instrumental plural)
tonie (locative singular)
tonach (locative plural)
tonie (singular vocative)
tony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.


fuga

fuga (nominative singular)
fugi (nominative plural)
fugi (genitive singular)
fug (genitive plural)
fudze (dative singular)
fugom (dative plural)
fugę (accusative singular)
fugi (accusative plural)
fugą (instrumental singular)
fugami (instrumental plural)
fudze (locative singular)
fugach (locative plural)
fugo (singular vocative)
fugi (plural vocative)


trio

trio (nominative singular)
tria (nominative plural)
tria (genitive singular)
triów (genitive plural)
triu (dative singular)
triom (dative plural)
trio (accusative singular)
tria (accusative plural)
triem (instrumental singular)
triami (instrumental plural)
triu (locative singular)
triach (locative plural)
trio (singular vocative)
tria (plural vocative)

(music) trio (piece of music written for three musicians)


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(music) alternative spelling of menedżer


duda

duda (nominative singular)
dudy (nominative plural)
dudy (genitive singular)
dud (genitive plural)
dudzie (dative singular)
dudom (dative plural)
dudę (accusative singular)
dudy (accusative plural)
dudą (instrumental singular)
dudami (instrumental plural)
dudzie (locative singular)
dudach (locative plural)
dudo (singular vocative)
dudy (plural vocative)


duda

duda (nominative singular)
dudowie (nominative plural)
dudy (genitive singular)
dudów (genitive plural)
dudzie (dative singular)
dudom (dative plural)
dudę (accusative singular)
dudów (accusative plural)
dudą (instrumental singular)
dudami (instrumental plural)
dudzie (locative singular)
dudach (locative plural)
dudo (singular vocative)
dudowie (plural vocative)


program

pl-noun

program m inan (diminutive programik, related adjective programowy)

programik (diminutive)
programowy (adjective)
program (nominative singular)
programy (nominative plural)
programu (genitive singular)
programów (genitive plural)
programowi (dative singular)
programom (dative plural)
program (accusative singular)
programy (accusative plural)
programem (instrumental singular)
programami (instrumental plural)
programie (locative singular)
programach (locative plural)
programie (singular vocative)
programy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French programme. First attested in the 19th cenetury.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “program”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “program”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(music) program (extra-musical element, e.g. a literary text, a painting to which the composer of a musical piece refers, signaling it in its title, playing a fundamental role in the listener's interpretation of the piece)


staccato

pl-noun

staccato n (indeclinable, related adjective staccatowy)

staccatowy (adjective)
staccato (nominative singular)
staccata (nominative plural)
staccata (genitive singular)
staccat (genitive plural)
staccatu (dative singular)
staccatom (dative plural)
staccato (accusative singular)
staccata (accusative plural)
staccatem (instrumental singular)
staccatami (instrumental plural)
staccacie (locative singular)
staccatach (locative plural)
staccato (singular vocative)
staccata (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian staccato.

ubor

(music) staccato (articulation marking directing that a note or passage of notes are to be played in an abruptly disconnected manner, with each note sounding for a very short duration, and a short break lasting until the sounding of the next note)


staccato

pl-adj

staccato (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(music) staccato (describing a passage having this mark)


legato

pl-noun

legato n (indeclinable, related adjective legatowy)

legatowy (adjective)
legato (nominative singular)
legata (nominative plural)
legata (genitive singular)
legat (genitive plural)
legatu (dative singular)
legatom (dative plural)
legato (accusative singular)
legata (accusative plural)
legatem (instrumental singular)
legatami (instrumental plural)
legacie (locative singular)
legatach (locative plural)
legato (singular vocative)
legata (plural vocative)

(music) legato (style of performance characterized by smoothly connected notes)


legato

pl-adj

legato (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(music) legato (describing a passage having this mark)


crescendo

crescendo (nominative singular)
crescenda (nominative plural)
crescenda (genitive singular)
crescend (genitive plural)
crescendu (dative singular)
crescendom (dative plural)
crescendo (accusative singular)
crescenda (accusative plural)
crescendem (instrumental singular)
crescendami (instrumental plural)
crescendzie (locative singular)
crescendach (locative plural)
crescendo (singular vocative)
crescenda (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian crescendo.

ubor

(music) crescendo (instruction to play gradually more loudly, denoted by a long, narrow angle with its apex on the left ( < ), by musicians called a hairpin)


crescendo

(music) crescendo (gradually increasing in force or loudness)


adagio

adagio (nominative singular)
adagia (nominative plural)
adagia (genitive singular)
adagiów (genitive plural)
adagiu (dative singular)
adagiom (dative plural)
adagio (accusative singular)
adagia (accusative plural)
adagiem (instrumental singular)
adagiami (instrumental plural)
adagiu (locative singular)
adagiach (locative plural)
adagio (singular vocative)
adagio (plural vocative)
adadżjo (alternative)
adadżio (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian adagio. First attested in 1823.

ref

Kurjer Warszawski (in Polish), volume 3, t.2, number 167, 1823, page 1

(music) adagio (a tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully)

(music) adagio (a passage having this mark)


adagio

pl-adj

adagio (not comparable, no derived adverb)

adadżjo (alternative)
adadżio (alternative)

(music) adagio (describing a passage having this mark)


tenor

tenor (nominative singular)
tenory (nominative plural)
tenoru (genitive singular)
tenorów (genitive plural)
tenorowi (dative singular)
tenorom (dative plural)
tenor (accusative singular)
tenory (accusative plural)
tenorem (instrumental singular)
tenorami (instrumental plural)
tenorze (locative singular)
tenorach (locative plural)
tenorze (singular vocative)
tenory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.

(music) tenor (musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto)


duet

duecik (diminutive)
duet (nominative singular)
duety (nominative plural)
duetu (genitive singular)
duetów (genitive plural)
duetowi (dative singular)
duetom (dative plural)
duet (accusative singular)
duety (accusative plural)
duetem (instrumental singular)
duetami (instrumental plural)
duecie (locative singular)
duetach (locative plural)
duecie (singular vocative)
duety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Duett, from Italian duetto.

(music) duet (piece of music written for two musicians)


album

pl-noun

album m inan (diminutive albumik, related adjective albumowy)

albumik (diminutive)
albumowy (adjective)
album (nominative singular)
albumy (nominative plural)
albumu (genitive singular)
albumów (genitive plural)
albumowi (dative singular)
albumom (dative plural)
album (accusative singular)
albumy (accusative plural)
albumem (instrumental singular)
albumami (instrumental plural)
albumie (locative singular)
albumach (locative plural)
albumie (singular vocative)
albumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Album or French album. First attested in 1609.

ref

Jadwiga Chotkowska (11.06.2019) “ALBUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(music) album (group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group)


hardcore

hardcore (nominative singular)
hardcore'u (genitive singular)
hardcore'owi (dative singular)
hardcore (accusative singular)
hardcore'em (instrumental singular)
hardcorze (locative singular)
hardcorze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardcore.

ubor

(music) hardcore (hardcore punk or techno music)


part

Borrowed from German Part(e), from Middle High German part, from Old French part, from Latin pars.


skala

skala (nominative singular)
skale (nominative plural)
skali (genitive singular)
skal (genitive plural)
skali (genitive plural)
skali (dative singular)
skalom (dative plural)
skalę (accusative singular)
skale (accusative plural)
skalą (instrumental singular)
skalami (instrumental plural)
skali (locative singular)
skalach (locative plural)
skalo (singular vocative)
skale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Skala, from Italian scala, from Latin scāla.

(music) scale (series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies)


twist

twist (nominative singular)
twisty (nominative plural)
twista (genitive singular)
twistów (genitive plural)
twistowi (dative singular)
twistom (dative plural)
twist (accusative singular)
twisty (accusative plural)
twistem (instrumental singular)
twistami (instrumental plural)
twiście (locative singular)
twistach (locative plural)
twiście (singular vocative)
twisty (plural vocative)


intrada

intrada (nominative singular)
intrady (nominative plural)
intrady (genitive singular)
intrad (genitive plural)
intradzie (dative singular)
intradom (dative plural)
intradę (accusative singular)
intrady (accusative plural)
intradą (instrumental singular)
intradami (instrumental plural)
intradzie (locative singular)
intradach (locative plural)
intrado (singular vocative)
intrady (plural vocative)


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


canto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian canto, from Latin cantus. Doublet of szanta.

(music) canto (the designated division of a song)

(music) canto (the treble or leading melody)


bebop

bebop (nominative singular)
bebopu (genitive singular)
bebopowi (dative singular)
bebop (accusative singular)
bebopem (instrumental singular)
bebopie (locative singular)
bebopie (singular vocative)


rondo

rondko (diminutive)
rondo (nominative singular)
ronda (nominative plural)
ronda (genitive singular)
rond (genitive plural)
rondu (dative singular)
rondom (dative plural)
rondo (accusative singular)
ronda (accusative plural)
rondem (instrumental singular)
rondami (instrumental plural)
rondzie (locative singular)
rondach (locative plural)
rondo (singular vocative)
ronda (plural vocative)


psalm

pl-noun

psalm m inan (related adjective psalmowy)

psalmowy (adjective)
psalm (nominative singular)
psalmy (nominative plural)
psalmu (genitive singular)
psalmów (genitive plural)
psalmowi (dative singular)
psalmom (dative plural)
psalm (accusative singular)
psalmy (accusative plural)
psalmem (instrumental singular)
psalmami (instrumental plural)
psalmie (locative singular)
psalmach (locative plural)
psalmie (singular vocative)
psalmy (plural vocative)

(music, religion) psalm (a sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God)


punk

punk (nominative singular)
punku (genitive singular)
punkowi (dative singular)
punk (accusative singular)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punku (locative singular)
punku (singular vocative)
pank (alternative)

(music) punk (social and musical movement)

(music) punk, punk rock (subgenre of rock music)


punk

punk (nominative singular)
puncy (nominative plural)
punki (derogatory nominative plural)
punka (genitive singular)
punków (genitive plural)
punkowi (dative singular)
punkom (dative plural)
punka (accusative singular)
punków (accusative plural)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punkami (instrumental plural)
punku (locative singular)
punkach (locative plural)
punku (singular vocative)
puncy (plural vocative)
pank (alternative)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who plays punk rock)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who is a fan of punk rock)


recital

recital (nominative singular)
recitale (nominative plural)
recitalu (genitive singular)
recitali (genitive plural)
recitalów (genitive plural)
recitalowi (dative singular)
recitalom (dative plural)
recital (accusative singular)
recitale (accusative plural)
recitalem (instrumental singular)
recitalami (instrumental plural)
recitalu (locative singular)
recitalach (locative plural)
recitalu (singular vocative)
recitale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English recital.

ubor

(music) recital (vocal, instrumental, or visual performance by a soloist)


cis

(music) C-sharp (musical note one semitone higher than a C, notated C♯)


blues

blues (nominative singular)
bluesy (nominative plural)
bluesa (genitive singular)
bluesów (genitive plural)
bluesowi (dative singular)
bluesom (dative plural)
bluesa (accusative singular)
bluesy (accusative plural)
bluesem (instrumental singular)
bluesami (instrumental plural)
bluesie (locative singular)
bluesach (locative plural)
bluesie (singular vocative)
bluesy (plural vocative)

(music) blues (musical genre of African American origin)


oda

oda (nominative singular)
ody (nominative plural)
ody (genitive singular)
od (genitive plural)
odzie (dative singular)
odom (dative plural)
odę (accusative singular)
ody (accusative plural)
odą (instrumental singular)
odami (instrumental plural)
odzie (locative singular)
odach (locative plural)
odo (singular vocative)
ody (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōda, from Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ).


melodia

melodyjka (diminutive)
melodia (nominative singular)
melodie (nominative plural)
melodii (genitive singular)
melodii (genitive plural)
melodyj (archaic genitive plural)
melodii (dative singular)
melodiom (dative plural)
melodię (accusative singular)
melodie (accusative plural)
melodią (instrumental singular)
melodiami (instrumental plural)
melodii (locative singular)
melodiach (locative plural)
melodio (singular vocative)
melodie (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: мело́дїꙗ (melódija), мело́дїа (melódia), мелїо́дїꙗ (meljódija), меле́дїꙗ (melédija)
Belarusian: мело́дыя (mjelódyja)
Carpathian Rusyn: мело́дія (melódija)
Ukrainian: мело́дія (melódija)

→ Russian: мело́дия (melódija)
→ Kazakh: мелодия (melodiä)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin melōdia, from Ancient Greek μελῳδίᾱ (melōidíā).


solo

Borrowed from Italian solo, from Latin sōlus.


solo

pl-adj

solo (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(music) solo (without a companion or instructor)


solo

(music) solo (alone, without a companion)


LP

Bierze udział w nagraniu suity „Szalony koń” na debiutanckim LP grupy „Budka Suflera”, „Cień wielkiej góry”, wykonując partie improwizowane na minimoogu.

2004, Roman Radoszewski, Piotr Pysiak, Czesław Niemen: kiedy się dziwić przestanę. Monografia artystyczna [Czesław Niemen: when I stop being surprised. An artistic monograph], 1st revised edition (non-fiction; paperback; in Polish), Warszawa: Iskry, published 2004, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 393:

He takes part in the recording of the suite "Szalony koń" [The Crazy Horse] on the debut LP of the group "Budka Suflera" [The Suffragette], "Cień wielkiej góry" [The Shadow of a Great Mountain], performing improvised parts on the minimoog.

Niektórzy przyjmują jednak, że LP zaczyna się od ośmiu utworów, co w wielu przypadkach jest kompletną bzdurą, bo są artyści, którzy wydają albumy zawierające 6-7 utworów, których łączna długość jednak przekracza nawet godzinę.

2017 March 2, Trojanowicz, Maciej, “Czym się różni EP-ka od singla i longplaya (LP)? […]”, in Troyann.pl (blog), Pixels On Fire.pl, archived from the original on 2020-10-23, Album długogrający / longplay / LP:

However, some people assume that an LP starts with eight tracks, which in many cases is complete nonsense, as there are artists who release albums with six to seven tracks whose total length, however, exceeds even an hour.

płyta długogrająca
płyta długogrająca#Polish

(music) abbreviation of long play; płyta długogrająca (“a sound recording album, forming a compositional whole”)


adapter

adapterek (diminutive)
adapter (nominative singular)
adaptery (nominative plural)
adaptera (genitive singular)
adapteru (genitive singular)
adapterów (genitive plural)
adapterowi (dative singular)
adapterom (dative plural)
adapter (accusative singular)
adaptery (accusative plural)
adapterem (instrumental singular)
adapterami (instrumental plural)
adapterze (locative singular)
adapterach (locative plural)
adapterze (singular vocative)
adaptery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English adapter. First attested in 1903.

ref

Józef Świtkowski (1903) Fotografia praktyczna w zarysie do użytku amatorów, page 39

stary adapter

głośnik adapteru

igła adapteru

ramię adapteru

nastawić adapter

uruchomić adapter

włączyć adapter

wyłączyć adapter

podłączyć adapter

ściszyć adapter

podgłośnić adapter

(music) gramophone, phonograph, record player


fagot

fagot (nominative singular)
fagoty (nominative plural)
fagotu (genitive singular)
fagotów (genitive plural)
fagotowi (dative singular)
fagotom (dative plural)
fagot (accusative singular)
fagoty (accusative plural)
fagotem (instrumental singular)
fagotami (instrumental plural)
fagocie (locative singular)
fagotach (locative plural)
fagocie (singular vocative)
fagoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French fagot (“bundle of sticks”) (referring to the wood used to make the instrument).


bas

basowy (adjective)
bas (nominative singular)
basy (nominative plural)
basu (genitive singular)
basów (genitive plural)
basowi (dative singular)
basom (dative plural)
bas (accusative singular)
basy (accusative plural)
basem (instrumental singular)
basami (instrumental plural)
basie (locative singular)
basach (locative plural)
basie (singular vocative)
basy (plural vocative)

Possibly borrowed from Italian basso, or from French basse or German Bass, ultimately from Latin bassus. Compare Slovincian bas.


bas

bas (nominative singular)
basy (nominative plural)
basa (genitive singular)
basów (genitive plural)
basowi (dative singular)
basom (dative plural)
basa (accusative singular)
basów (accusative plural)
basem (instrumental singular)
basami (instrumental plural)
basie (locative singular)
basach (locative plural)
basie (singular vocative)
basy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: bas

(music) bass (person who sings in the bass register)


freestyle

freestyle (nominative singular)
freestyle'e (nominative plural)
freestyle'u (genitive singular)
freestyle'i (genitive plural)
freestyle'owi (dative singular)
freestyle'om (dative plural)
freestyle (accusative singular)
freestyle'e (accusative plural)
freestyle'em (instrumental singular)
freestyle'ami (instrumental plural)
freestyle'u (locative singular)
freestyle'ach (locative plural)
freestyle'u (singular vocative)
freestyle'e (plural vocative)
fristajl (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English freestyle.

ubor

(music) freestyle (form of rapping in which the emcee makes up lyrics while performing)


tremolo

tremolo (nominative singular)
tremola (nominative plural)
tremola (genitive singular)
tremol (genitive plural)
tremolu (dative singular)
tremolom (dative plural)
tremolo (accusative singular)
tremola (accusative plural)
tremolem (instrumental singular)
tremolami (instrumental plural)
tremolu (locative singular)
tremolach (locative plural)
tremolo (singular vocative)
tremola (plural vocative)

(music) tremolo (rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation between two or more notes)


libretto

libretto (nominative singular)
libretta (nominative plural)
libretta (genitive singular)
librett (genitive plural)
librettu (dative singular)
librettom (dative plural)
libretto (accusative singular)
libretta (accusative plural)
librettem (instrumental singular)
librettami (instrumental plural)
libretcie (locative singular)
librettach (locative plural)
libretto (singular vocative)
libretta (plural vocative)

(music) libretto (text of a dramatic musical work, such as an opera)


ambient

ambient (nominative singular)
ambientu (genitive singular)
ambientowi (dative singular)
ambient (accusative singular)
ambientem (instrumental singular)
ambiencie (locative singular)
ambiencie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English ambient. First attested in 1996.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

(music) ambient (type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere)


ambient

pl-adj

ambient (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

(relational, music) ambient (of or pertaining to the genre)


playback

playback (nominative singular)
playbacki (nominative plural)
playbacku (genitive singular)
playbacków (genitive plural)
playbackowi (dative singular)
playbackom (dative plural)
playback (accusative singular)
playbacki (accusative plural)
playbackiem (instrumental singular)
playbackami (instrumental plural)
playbacku (locative singular)
playbackach (locative plural)
playbacku (singular vocative)
playbacki (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from playback.


sampling

sampling (nominative singular)
samplingu (genitive singular)
samplingowi (dative singular)
sampling (accusative singular)
samplingiem (instrumental singular)
samplingu (locative singular)
samplingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sampling.

ubor

(music) sampling (technique for electronically splicing pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition)


divertimento

divertimento (nominative singular)
divertimenta (nominative plural)
divertimenta (genitive singular)
divertimenet (genitive plural)
divertimentu (dative singular)
divertimentom (dative plural)
divertimento (accusative singular)
divertimenta (accusative plural)
divertimentem (instrumental singular)
divertimentami (instrumental plural)
divertimencie (locative singular)
divertimentach (locative plural)
divertimento (singular vocative)
divertimenta (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian divertimento.


singel

singel (nominative singular)
single (nominative plural)
singla (genitive singular)
singli (genitive plural)
singlów (genitive plural)
singlowi (dative singular)
singlom (dative plural)
singla (accusative singular)
single (accusative plural)
singlem (instrumental singular)
singlami (instrumental plural)
singlu (locative singular)
singlach (locative plural)
singlu (singular vocative)
single (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English single, from Middle English single, sengle, from Old French sengle, saingle, sangle, from Latin singulus, a diminutive derived from Proto-Indo-European *sem-.

(badminton, music, tennis, card games) alternative spelling of singiel


gitara

pl-noun

gitara f (diminutive gitarka, related adjective gitarowy)

gitarka (diminutive)
gitarowy (adjective)
gitara (nominative singular)
gitary (nominative plural)
gitary (genitive singular)
gitar (genitive plural)
gitarze (dative singular)
gitarom (dative plural)
gitarę (accusative singular)
gitary (accusative plural)
gitarą (instrumental singular)
gitarami (instrumental plural)
gitarze (locative singular)
gitarach (locative plural)
gitaro (singular vocative)
gitary (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: гита́ра (gitára)
→ Ingrian: gitari
→ Kazakh: гитара (gitara)
→ Mongolian: гитар (gitar)
→ Uyghur: گىتار (gitar)
→ Votic: gitari

Borrowed from Spanish guitarra. Doublet of cytra and kitara.

Marcin gra na gitarze.

(music) guitar (stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick))


a

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

zagrać a

zaśpiewać a


vibrato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian vibrato. Doublet of wibracja.

ubor

(music) vibrato (musical effect or technique)


arpeggio

pl-noun

arpeggio n (related adjective arpedżiowy)

arpedżiowy (adjective)
arpeggio (nominative singular)
arpeggia (nominative plural)
arpeggia (genitive singular)
arpeggiów (genitive plural)
arpeggiu (dative singular)
arpeggiom (dative plural)
arpeggio (accusative singular)
arpeggia (accusative plural)
arpeggiem (instrumental singular)
arpeggiami (instrumental plural)
arpeggiu (locative singular)
arpeggiach (locative plural)
arpeggio (singular vocative)
arpeggia (plural vocative)
arpedżio (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian arpeggio.

ubor

(music) arpeggio (notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest)


cd

cd m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD, compact disc”)


cd

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD player”)


drzewo

pl-noun

drzewo n (diminutive drzewko, related adjective drzewny)

drzewko (diminutive)
drzewny (adjective)
drzewo (nominative singular)
drzewa (nominative plural)
drzewa (genitive singular)
drzew (genitive plural)
drzewu (dative singular)
drzewom (dative plural)
drzewo (accusative singular)
drzewa (accusative plural)
drzewem (instrumental singular)
drzewami (instrumental plural)
drzewie (locative singular)
drzewach (locative plural)
drzewo (singular vocative)
drzewa (plural vocative)

(uncountable, music) wood (woodwind instruments collectively)


ensemble

Unadapted borrowing from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

ubor

(music, theater) alternative spelling of ansambl


tekst

pl-noun

tekst m inan (diminutive tekścik, related adjective tekstowy)

tekścik (diminutive)
tekstowy (adjective)
tekst (nominative singular)
teksty (nominative plural)
tekstu (genitive singular)
tekstów (genitive plural)
tekstowi (dative singular)
tekstom (dative plural)
tekst (accusative singular)
teksty (accusative plural)
tekstem (instrumental singular)
tekstami (instrumental plural)
tekście (locative singular)
tekstach (locative plural)
tekście (singular vocative)
teksty (plural vocative)


soundtrack

soundtrack (nominative singular)
soundtracki (nominative plural)
soundtracku (genitive singular)
soundtracków (genitive plural)
soundtrackowi (dative singular)
soundtrackom (dative plural)
soundtrack (accusative singular)
soundtracki (accusative plural)
soundtrackiem (instrumental singular)
soundtrackami (instrumental plural)
soundtracku (locative singular)
soundtrackach (locative plural)
soundtracku (singular vocative)
soundtracki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soundtrack.

ubor

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (recording of such music for sale)


chanson

(historical) chanson (polyphonic form of secular vocal music from the 15. and 16. centuries)


romans

pl-noun

romans m inan (diminutive romansik, related adjective romansowy)

romansik (diminutive)
romansowy (adjective)
romans (nominative singular)
romanse (nominative plural)
romansy (nominative plural)
romansu (genitive singular)
romansów (genitive plural)
romansowi (dative singular)
romansom (dative plural)
romans (accusative singular)
romanse (accusative plural)
romansy (accusative plural)
romansem (instrumental singular)
romansami (instrumental plural)
romansie (locative singular)
romansach (locative plural)
romansie (singular vocative)
romanse (plural vocative)
romansy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French romance, from Spanish romance, itself probably a borrowing from either Old French romanz or Old Occitan romans, from Vulgar Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus. Doublet of romansz.


harmonika

harmonika (nominative singular)
harmoniki (nominative plural)
harmoniki (genitive singular)
harmonik (genitive plural)
harmonice (dative singular)
harmonikom (dative plural)
harmonikę (accusative singular)
harmoniki (accusative plural)
harmoniką (instrumental singular)
harmonikami (instrumental plural)
harmonice (locative singular)
harmonikach (locative plural)
harmoniko (singular vocative)
harmoniki (plural vocative)
marmulka (alternative)

Borrowed from German Harmonika, from Latin harmonicus, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονικός (harmonikós).


crossover

crossover (nominative singular)
crossovery (nominative plural)
crossoveru (genitive singular)
crossoverów (genitive plural)
crossoverowi (dative singular)
crossoverom (dative plural)
crossover (accusative singular)
crossovery (accusative plural)
crossoverem (instrumental singular)
crossoverami (instrumental plural)
crossoverze (locative singular)
crossoverach (locative plural)
crossoverze (singular vocative)
crossovery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English crossover.

ubor

(film, music) crossover (blend of multiple styles of music or multiple film genres, intended to appeal to a wider audience)


harfa

harfa (nominative singular)
harfy (nominative plural)
harfy (genitive singular)
harf (genitive plural)
harfie (dative singular)
harfom (dative plural)
harfę (accusative singular)
harfy (accusative plural)
harfą (instrumental singular)
harfami (instrumental plural)
harfie (locative singular)
harfach (locative plural)
harfo (singular vocative)
harfy (plural vocative)
arfa (alternative obsolete)


sonata

sonata (nominative singular)
sonaty (nominative plural)
sonaty (genitive singular)
sonat (genitive plural)
sonacie (dative singular)
sonatom (dative plural)
sonatę (accusative singular)
sonaty (accusative plural)
sonatą (instrumental singular)
sonatami (instrumental plural)
sonacie (locative singular)
sonatach (locative plural)
sonato (singular vocative)
sonaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian sonata, from the feminine past participle of sonare (modern suonare), from Latin sonāre (“to make sound”).


dur

pl-noun

dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)


ragtime

ragtime m inan (related adjective ragtime'owy or ragtimowy)

ragtime'owy (adjective)
ragtimowy (adjective)
ragtime (nominative singular)
ragtime'y (nominative plural)
ragtime'u (genitive singular)
ragtime'ów (genitive plural)
ragtime'owi (dative singular)
ragtime'om (dative plural)
ragtime (accusative singular)
ragtime'y (accusative plural)
ragtime'em (instrumental singular)
ragtime'ami (instrumental plural)
ragtimie (locative singular)
ragtime'ach (locative plural)
ragtimie (singular vocative)
ragtime'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ragtime.

ubor

(music, uncountable) ragtime (musical form having a rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment)

(music, countable) ragtime (piece of music in this style)


estrada

pl-noun

estrada f (diminutive estradka, related adjective estradowy)

estradka (diminutive)
estradowy (adjective)
estrada (nominative singular)
estrady (nominative plural)
estrady (genitive singular)
estrad (genitive plural)
estradzie (dative singular)
estradom (dative plural)
estradę (accusative singular)
estrady (accusative plural)
estradą (instrumental singular)
estradami (instrumental plural)
estradzie (locative singular)
estradach (locative plural)
estrado (singular vocative)
estrady (plural vocative)

(comedy, music, figurative) music and cabaret entertainment industry


serce

serce n (diminutive serduszko, augmentative serducho, related adjective sercowy)

serduszko (diminutive)
serducho (augmentative)
sercowy (adjective)
serce (nominative singular)
serca (nominative plural)
serca (genitive singular)
serc (genitive plural)
sercu (dative singular)
sercom (dative plural)
serce (accusative singular)
serca (accusative plural)
sercem (instrumental singular)
sercami (instrumental plural)
sercu (locative singular)
sercach (locative plural)
serce (singular vocative)
serca (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

(obsolete, music) heart (central part of a reed)


sekunda

sekundka (diminutive)
sekunda (nominative singular)
sekundy (nominative plural)
sekundy (genitive singular)
sekund (genitive plural)
sekundzie (dative singular)
sekundom (dative plural)
sekundę (accusative singular)
sekundy (accusative plural)
sekundą (instrumental singular)
sekundami (instrumental plural)
sekundzie (locative singular)
sekundach (locative plural)
sekundo (singular vocative)
sekundy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin (pars horae minuta) secunda.

lbor

(music) second (two half step intervals)


scratch

scratch (nominative singular)
scratche (nominative plural)
scratchu (genitive singular)
scratchy (genitive plural)
scratchowi (dative singular)
scratchom (dative plural)
scratch (accusative singular)
scratche (accusative plural)
scratchem (instrumental singular)
scratchami (instrumental plural)
scratchu (locative singular)
scratchach (locative plural)
scratchu (singular vocative)
scratche (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English scratch.

ubor

(cycling, music, tennis) alternative spelling of skrecz


introit

introit (nominative singular)
introity (nominative plural)
introitu (genitive singular)
introitów (genitive plural)
introitowi (dative singular)
introitom (dative plural)
introit (accusative singular)
introity (accusative plural)
introitem (instrumental singular)
introitami (instrumental plural)
introicie (locative singular)
introitach (locative plural)
introicie (singular vocative)
introity (plural vocative)

(music, Roman Catholicism) introit, introitus (part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible read or sung at Mass immediately after the priest ascends to the altar)


Mozart

Mozart (nominative singular)
Mozarta (genitive singular)
Mozartowi (dative singular)
Mozarta (accusative singular)
Mozartem (instrumental singular)
Mozarcie (locative singular)
Mozarcie (singular vocative)


Beethoven

Beethoven (nominative singular)
Beethovena (genitive singular)
Beethovenowi (dative singular)
Beethovena (accusative singular)
Beethovenem (instrumental singular)
Beethovenie (locative singular)
Beethovenie (singular vocative)


intermezzo

intermezzo (nominative singular)
intermezza (nominative plural)
intermezza (genitive singular)
intermezzów (genitive plural)
intermezzu (dative singular)
intermezzom (dative plural)
intermezzo (accusative singular)
intermezza (accusative plural)
intermezzem (instrumental singular)
intermezzami (instrumental plural)
intermezzu (locative singular)
intermezzach (locative plural)
intermezzo (singular vocative)
intermezza (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian intermezzo.

(music, opera) intermezzo (short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle)

(historical, music, opera) intermezzo (musical and dramatic interlude of a comic character, performed in the antracts of Italian opera in the 17th–18th centuries)


rodzina

pl-noun

rodzina f (diminutive rodzinka, related adjective rodzinny, abbreviation rodz.)

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzinny (adjective)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinom (dative plural)
rodzinę (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodziną (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, ród + -ina.

z rodziną najlepiej wychodzi się na zdjęciu

family (group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order)

(music) family (group of instruments having the same basic method of tone production)


schola

scholka (diminutive)
schola (nominative singular)
schole (nominative plural)
scholi (genitive singular)
schol (genitive plural)
scholi (dative singular)
scholom (dative plural)
scholę (accusative singular)
schole (accusative plural)
scholą (instrumental singular)
scholami (instrumental plural)
scholi (locative singular)
scholach (locative plural)
scholo (singular vocative)
schole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of szkoła.

(education, music) schola (musical school attached to a monastery or church)


rapsodia

rapsodia (nominative singular)
rapsodie (nominative plural)
rapsodii (genitive singular)
rapsodii (genitive plural)
rapsodyj (archaic genitive plural)
rapsodii (dative singular)
rapsodiom (dative plural)
rapsodię (accusative singular)
rapsodie (accusative plural)
rapsodią (instrumental singular)
rapsodiami (instrumental plural)
rapsodii (locative singular)
rapsodiach (locative plural)
rapsodio (singular vocative)
rapsodie (plural vocative)

(music) rhapsody (instrumental composition of irregular form often incorporating improvisation)


jam session

/d͡ʐɛmˈsɛ.ʂɘn/

Unadapted borrowing from English jam session.


metrum

metrum (nominative singular)
metra (nominative plural)
metrum (genitive singular)
metrów (genitive plural)
metrum (dative singular)
metrom (dative plural)
metrum (accusative singular)
metra (accusative plural)
metrum (instrumental singular)
metrami (instrumental plural)
metrum (locative singular)
metrach (locative plural)
metrum (singular vocative)
metra (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum. Doublet of metr.

(music) metre (rhythm or measure in musical composition)


tetralogia

pl-noun

tetralogia f (related adjective tetralogiczny)

tetralogiczny (adjective)
tetralogia (nominative singular)
tetralogie (nominative plural)
tetralogii (genitive singular)
tetralogii (genitive plural)
tetralogij (archaic genitive plural)
tetralogii (dative singular)
tetralogiom (dative plural)
tetralogię (accusative singular)
tetralogie (accusative plural)
tetralogią (instrumental singular)
tetralogiami (instrumental plural)
tetralogii (locative singular)
tetralogiach (locative plural)
tetralogio (singular vocative)
tetralogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) tetralogy (set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works)


raper

raper m pers (female equivalent raperka)

raperka (feminine)
raper (nominative singular)
raperzy (nominative plural)
rapery (derogatory nominative plural)
rapera (genitive singular)
raperów (genitive plural)
raperowi (dative singular)
raperom (dative plural)
rapera (accusative singular)
raperów (accusative plural)
raperem (instrumental singular)
raperami (instrumental plural)
raperze (locative singular)
raperach (locative plural)
raperze (singular vocative)
raperzy (plural vocative)


sonatina

sonatina (nominative singular)
sonatiny (nominative plural)
sonatiny (genitive singular)
sonatin (genitive plural)
sonatinie (dative singular)
sonatinom (dative plural)
sonatinę (accusative singular)
sonatiny (accusative plural)
sonatiną (instrumental singular)
sonatinami (instrumental plural)
sonatinie (locative singular)
sonatinach (locative plural)
sonatino (singular vocative)
sonatiny (plural vocative)


stopa

stópka (diminutive)
stopa (nominative singular)
stopy (nominative plural)
stopy (genitive singular)
stóp (genitive plural)
stopie (dative singular)
stopom (dative plural)
stopę (accusative singular)
stopy (accusative plural)
stopą (instrumental singular)
stopami (instrumental plural)
stopie (locative singular)
stopach (locative plural)
stopo (singular vocative)
stopy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stopa, from Proto-Slavic *stopa.


bandoneon

bandoneon (nominative singular)
bandoneony (nominative plural)
bandoneonu (genitive singular)
bandoneonów (genitive plural)
bandoneonowi (dative singular)
bandoneonom (dative plural)
bandoneon (accusative singular)
bandoneony (accusative plural)
bandoneonem (instrumental singular)
bandoneonami (instrumental plural)
bandoneonie (locative singular)
bandoneonach (locative plural)
bandoneonie (singular vocative)
bandoneony (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bandoneon, ultimately named after German inventor Heinrich Band + (akord)eon.


mandola

mandola (nominative singular)
mandole (nominative plural)
mandoli (genitive singular)
mandol (genitive plural)
mandoli (dative singular)
mandolom (dative plural)
mandolę (accusative singular)
mandole (accusative plural)
mandolą (instrumental singular)
mandolami (instrumental plural)
mandoli (locative singular)
mandolach (locative plural)
mandolo (singular vocative)
mandole (plural vocative)
mandora (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian mandola, from Late Latin pandura, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra). Doublet of bandura and banjo.


tercet

tercet (nominative singular)
tercety (nominative plural)
tercetu (genitive singular)
tercetów (genitive plural)
tercetowi (dative singular)
tercetom (dative plural)
tercet (accusative singular)
tercety (accusative plural)
tercetem (instrumental singular)
tercetami (instrumental plural)
tercecie (locative singular)
tercetach (locative plural)
tercecie (singular vocative)
tercety (plural vocative)

(music) terzetto (vocal (or, rarely, instrumental) trio)

(music) terzetto (composition in three voice parts)


epizod

epizodzik (diminutive)
epizod (nominative singular)
epizody (nominative plural)
epizodu (genitive singular)
epizodów (genitive plural)
epizodowi (dative singular)
epizodom (dative plural)
epizod (accusative singular)
epizody (accusative plural)
epizodem (instrumental singular)
epizodami (instrumental plural)
epizodzie (locative singular)
epizodach (locative plural)
epizodzie (singular vocative)
epizody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

(music) part (separate section of a musical work, the material of which contrasts with the main theme of the work)


metr

pl-noun

metr m inan (related adjective metryczny)

metryczny (adjective)
metr (nominative singular)
metry (nominative plural)
metru (genitive singular)
metrów (genitive plural)
metrowi (dative singular)
metrom (dative plural)
metr (accusative singular)
metry (accusative plural)
metrem (instrumental singular)
metrami (instrumental plural)
metrze (locative singular)
metrach (locative plural)
metrze (singular vocative)
metry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French mètre. First attested in the 19th century. Doublet of metrum. From the same root as miara and meta (with different suffixes).

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “metr”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

(somewhat colloquial, music) meter (overall rhythm of a song or poem; particularly, the number of beats in a measure or syllables in a line)


elegia

elegia (nominative singular)
elegie (nominative plural)
elegii (genitive singular)
elegii (genitive plural)
elegij (archaic genitive plural)
elegii (dative singular)
elegiom (dative plural)
elegię (accusative singular)
elegie (accusative plural)
elegią (instrumental singular)
elegiami (instrumental plural)
elegii (locative singular)
elegiach (locative plural)
elegio (singular vocative)
elegie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin elegīa, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγεία ᾠδή (elegeía ōidḗ, “an elegiac song”), from ἐλεγεία (elegeía), feminine of ἐλεγεῖος (elegeîos, “elegiac”), from ἔλεγος (élegos, “poem or song of lament”), perhaps from Phrygian.

der

(music) elegy (composition of mournful character)


tremolando

tremolando (nominative singular)
tremolanda (nominative plural)
tremolanda (genitive singular)
tremoland (genitive plural)
tremolandu (dative singular)
tremolandom (dative plural)
tremolando (accusative singular)
tremolanda (accusative plural)
tremolandem (instrumental singular)
tremolandami (instrumental plural)
tremolandzie (locative singular)
tremolandach (locative plural)
tremolando (singular vocative)
tremolanda (plural vocative)

(music) tremolo (rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation between two or more notes)


rezonans

rezonans (nominative singular)
rezonanse (nominative plural)
rezonansu (genitive singular)
rezonansów (genitive plural)
rezonansowi (dative singular)
rezonansom (dative plural)
rezonans (accusative singular)
rezonanse (accusative plural)
rezonansem (instrumental singular)
rezonansami (instrumental plural)
rezonansie (locative singular)
rezonansach (locative plural)
rezonansie (singular vocative)
rezonanse (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French résonance, from Latin resonantia, from resonō.

(music) resonance (increase in the strength or duration of a musical tone produced by sympathetic vibration)


suita

suita (nominative singular)
suity (nominative plural)
suity (genitive singular)
suit (genitive plural)
suicie (dative singular)
suitom (dative plural)
suitę (accusative singular)
suity (accusative plural)
suitą (instrumental singular)
suitami (instrumental plural)
suicie (locative singular)
suitach (locative plural)
suito (singular vocative)
suity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French suite. Doublet of świta.

(music) suite (musical form, popular before the time of the sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude)


klucz

pl-noun

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)

klucz basowy

klucz tenorowy

klucz wiolinowy


chór

chór m inan (diminutive chórek, related adjective chóralny or chórowy)

chórek (diminutive)
chóralny (adjective)
chórowy (adjective)
chór (nominative singular)
chóry (nominative plural)
chóru (genitive singular)
chórów (genitive plural)
chórowi (dative singular)
chórom (dative plural)
chór (accusative singular)
chóry (accusative plural)
chórem (instrumental singular)
chórami (instrumental plural)
chórze (locative singular)
chórach (locative plural)
chórze (singular vocative)
chóry (plural vocative)

(countable, music) chorus (group of sounds or voices heard simultaneously)

(countable, music) chorus (group of stringed or wind instruments of the same family)


głos

głos m inan (diminutive głosik, related adjective głosowy)

głosik (diminutive)
głosowy (adjective)
głos (nominative singular)
głosy (nominative plural)
głosu (genitive singular)
głosów (genitive plural)
głosowi (dative singular)
głosom (dative plural)
głos (accusative singular)
głosy (accusative plural)
głosem (instrumental singular)
głosami (instrumental plural)
głosie (locative singular)
głosach (locative plural)
głosie (singular vocative)
głosy (plural vocative)

(countable, music) voice (in harmony, an independent vocal or instrumental part in a piece of composition)

(countable, music) voice (set of organ pipes that produce sounds of similar timbre)


kanon

kanon m inan (related adjective kanonowy)

kanonowy (adjective)
kanon (nominative singular)
kanony (nominative plural)
kanonu (genitive singular)
kanonów (genitive plural)
kanonowi (dative singular)
kanonom (dative plural)
kanon (accusative singular)
kanony (accusative plural)
kanonem (instrumental singular)
kanonami (instrumental plural)
kanonie (locative singular)
kanonach (locative plural)
kanonie (singular vocative)
kanony (plural vocative)

(music) canon, round (piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times)


pauza

pauza (nominative singular)
pauzy (nominative plural)
pauzy (genitive singular)
pauz (genitive plural)
pauzie (dative singular)
pauzom (dative plural)
pauzę (accusative singular)
pauzy (accusative plural)
pauzą (instrumental singular)
pauzami (instrumental plural)
pauzie (locative singular)
pauzach (locative plural)
pauzo (singular vocative)
pauzy (plural vocative)


darbuka

darbuka (nominative singular)
darbuki (nominative plural)
darbuki (genitive singular)
darbuk (genitive plural)
darbuce (dative singular)
darbukom (dative plural)
darbukę (accusative singular)
darbuki (accusative plural)
darbuką (instrumental singular)
darbukami (instrumental plural)
darbuce (locative singular)
darbukach (locative plural)
darbuko (singular vocative)
darbuki (plural vocative)


ansambl

ansambl (nominative singular)
ansamble (nominative plural)
ansamblu (genitive singular)
ansambli (genitive plural)
ansamblów (genitive plural)
ansamblowi (dative singular)
ansamblom (dative plural)
ansambl (accusative singular)
ansamble (accusative plural)
ansamblem (instrumental singular)
ansamblami (instrumental plural)
ansamblu (locative singular)
ansamblach (locative plural)
ansamblu (singular vocative)
ansamble (plural vocative)
ensemble (alternative)

Borrowed from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

(music) ensemble (a group of musicians, dancers, actors, etc who perform together)


akcent

akcencik (diminutive)
akcent (nominative singular)
akcenty (nominative plural)
akcentu (genitive singular)
akcentów (genitive plural)
akcentowi (dative singular)
akcentom (dative plural)
akcent (accusative singular)
akcenty (accusative plural)
akcentem (instrumental singular)
akcentami (instrumental plural)
akcencie (locative singular)
akcentach (locative plural)
akcencie (singular vocative)
akcenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin accentus. First attested in 1566.

akcent muzyczny

J. Karłowicz
w:pl:Jan Aleksander Karłowicz

W. Niedźwiedzki
w:pl:Władysław Niedźwiedzki


akord

akordzik (diminutive)
akord (nominative singular)
akordy (nominative plural)
akordu (genitive singular)
akordów (genitive plural)
akordowi (dative singular)
akordom (dative plural)
akord (accusative singular)
akordy (accusative plural)
akordem (instrumental singular)
akordami (instrumental plural)
akordzie (locative singular)
akordach (locative plural)
akordzie (singular vocative)
akordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French accord. First attested in 1644–1660. Compare Kashubian akòrd and Slovincian akort.

ref

Teresa Sokołowska (02.04.2019) “AKORD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(music, countable) chord (combination of three or more notes)


agogika

agogika (nominative singular)
agogiki (genitive singular)
agogice (dative singular)
agogikę (accusative singular)
agogiką (instrumental singular)
agogice (locative singular)
agogiko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Agogik, from Ancient Greek ἀγωγός (agōgós). First attested in 1893.

(music) agogic (accent that accentuates a note by extending it slightly beyond its normal time value)


dramaturgia

dramaturgia (nominative singular)
dramaturgii (genitive singular)
dramaturgii (dative singular)
dramaturgię (accusative singular)
dramaturgią (instrumental singular)
dramaturgii (locative singular)
dramaturgio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English dramaturgy, French dramaturgie, German Dramaturgie, ultimately from Ancient Greek δραματουργία (dramatourgía).

der

δραματουργία

(film, literature, music, theater) drama (act of building tension in the course of the plot in a literary, theatrical, cinematic, or musical work)


kapela

kapela (nominative singular)
kapele (nominative plural)
kapeli (genitive singular)
kapel (genitive plural)
kapeli (genitive plural)
kapeli (dative singular)
kapelom (dative plural)
kapelę (accusative singular)
kapele (accusative plural)
kapelą (instrumental singular)
kapelami (instrumental plural)
kapeli (locative singular)
kapelach (locative plural)
kapelo (singular vocative)
kapele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kapelle, from Italian cappella, from Medieval Latin cappella. Doublet of kaplica.


gama

gama (nominative singular)
gamy (nominative plural)
gamy (genitive singular)
gam (genitive plural)
gamie (dative singular)
gamom (dative plural)
gamę (accusative singular)
gamy (accusative plural)
gamą (instrumental singular)
gamami (instrumental plural)
gamie (locative singular)
gamach (locative plural)
gamo (singular vocative)
gamy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gamme, from Medieval Latin gamma, from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). Doublet of gamma.


menuet

menuecik (diminutive)
menuet (nominative singular)
menuety (nominative plural)
menueta (genitive singular)
menuetów (genitive plural)
menuetowi (dative singular)
menuetom (dative plural)
menueta (accusative singular)
menuety (accusative plural)
menuetem (instrumental singular)
menuetami (instrumental plural)
menuecie (locative singular)
menuetach (locative plural)
menuecie (singular vocative)
menuety (plural vocative)

(music) minuet (music accompanying the dance)


marsz

marsz (nominative singular)
marsze (nominative plural)
marsza (genitive singular)
marszu (genitive singular)
marszów (genitive plural)
marszowi (dative singular)
marszom (dative plural)
marsza (accusative singular)
marsz (accusative singular)
marsze (accusative plural)
marszem (instrumental singular)
marszami (instrumental plural)
marszu (locative singular)
marszach (locative plural)
marszu (singular vocative)
marsze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Marsch, from French marche.

(music) march (musical composition meant to accompany marching)


prowadzić

pl-verb

prowadzić impf (frequentative prowadzać)

prowadzać (frequentative)
prowadzić (infinitive)
prowadzę (present singular)
prowadzimy (plural present)
prowadzisz (present singular)
prowadzicie (plural present)
prowadzi (present singular third-person)
prowadzą (plural present third-person)
prowadzi się (impersonal present)
prowadziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadził (masculine past singular third-person)
prowadziła (feminine past singular third-person)
prowadziło (neuter past singular third-person)
prowadzili (past plural third-person virile)
prowadziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
prowadzono (impersonal past)
będę prowadził (future masculine singular)
będę prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będę prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będę prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będę prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będę prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz prowadził (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie prowadził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą prowadzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą prowadzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie prowadzić się (future impersonal)
prowadziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by prowadził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
prowadziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by prowadziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
prowadziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by prowadziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
prowadziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by prowadzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
prowadziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
prowadzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech prowadzę (imperative singular)
prowadźmy (imperative plural)
prowadź (imperative singular)
prowadźcie (imperative plural)
niech prowadzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech prowadzą (imperative plural third-person)
prowadzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
prowadząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
prowadzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
prowadzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
prowadzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
prowadzony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
prowadzona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
prowadzone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
prowadzeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
prowadzone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
prowadząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
prowadzenie (noun-from-verb)

→ Kashubian: prowadzëc

→ Slovincian: prôwadzëc

(transitive, music, of instruments) to lead (to emphasize the main motif of a composed or performed piece of music)


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kost-der.
Proto-Slavic *kȍstь
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *kostъka
Old Polish kostka
Polish kostka
Inherited from Old Polish kostka. By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

etymon

(colloquial, music) pick, plectrum (small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc. for plucking strings)


galop

galop (nominative singular)
galopy (nominative plural)
galopa (genitive singular)
galopów (genitive plural)
galopowi (dative singular)
galopom (dative plural)
galopa (accusative singular)
galopy (accusative plural)
galopem (instrumental singular)
galopami (instrumental plural)
galopie (locative singular)
galopach (locative plural)
galopie (singular vocative)
galopy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Galopp, from French galop.

(historical, music) galop (music for a dance of this kind)


temat

pl-noun

temat m inan (diminutive temacik, related adjective tematowy or tematyczny)

temacik (diminutive)
tematowy (adjective)
tematyczny (adjective)
temat (nominative singular)
tematy (nominative plural)
tematu (genitive singular)
tematów (genitive plural)
tematowi (dative singular)
tematom (dative plural)
temat (accusative singular)
tematy (accusative plural)
tematem (instrumental singular)
tematami (instrumental plural)
temacie (locative singular)
tematach (locative plural)
temacie (singular vocative)
tematy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin thema (genitive thematis). First attested in the 19th century. Compare Kashubian téma and Silesian tymat.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “temat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 41

(music) theme (main melody of a piece of music)


okres

okres (nominative singular)
okresy (nominative plural)
okresu (genitive singular)
okresów (genitive plural)
okresowi (dative singular)
okresom (dative plural)
okres (accusative singular)
okresy (accusative plural)
okresem (instrumental singular)
okresami (instrumental plural)
okresie (locative singular)
okresach (locative plural)
okresie (singular vocative)
okresy (plural vocative)
okrys (alternative Middle Polish)

Deverbal from okresić (modern określić). The word originally meant only confine but gained additional meanings by translating period from various languages. First attested in 1564.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “okres, okrys”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(music) period (two phrases (an antecedent and a consequent phrase))


synchron

synchron (nominative singular)
synchrony (nominative plural)
synchronu (genitive singular)
synchronów (genitive plural)
synchronowi (dative singular)
synchronom (dative plural)
synchron (accusative singular)
synchrony (accusative plural)
synchronem (instrumental singular)
synchronami (instrumental plural)
synchronie (locative singular)
synchronach (locative plural)
synchronie (singular vocative)
synchrony (plural vocative)

Clipping of synchronizm /synchronizacja.

(film, music) synchronization (act of recording sound on one medium)


dominanta

dominanta (nominative singular)
dominanty (nominative plural)
dominanty (genitive singular)
dominant (genitive plural)
dominancie (dative singular)
dominantom (dative plural)
dominantę (accusative singular)
dominanty (accusative plural)
dominantą (instrumental singular)
dominantami (instrumental plural)
dominancie (locative singular)
dominantach (locative plural)
dominanto (singular vocative)
dominanty (plural vocative)


miniatura

pl-noun

miniatura f (diminutive miniaturka, related adjective miniaturowy)

miniaturka (diminutive)
miniaturowy (adjective)
miniatura (nominative singular)
miniatury (nominative plural)
miniatury (genitive singular)
miniatur (genitive plural)
miniaturze (dative singular)
miniaturom (dative plural)
miniaturę (accusative singular)
miniatury (accusative plural)
miniaturą (instrumental singular)
miniaturami (instrumental plural)
miniaturze (locative singular)
miniaturach (locative plural)
miniaturo (singular vocative)
miniatury (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, theater) miniature (composition which is short in duration)


miks

miks (nominative singular)
miksy (nominative plural)
miksu (genitive singular)
miksów (genitive plural)
miksowi (dative singular)
miksom (dative plural)
miks (accusative singular)
miksy (accusative plural)
miksem (instrumental singular)
miksami (instrumental plural)
miksie (locative singular)
miksach (locative plural)
miksie (singular vocative)
miksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English mix, from Middle English mixen, from Old English *mixian, miscian, from Proto-Germanic *miskijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, *meyḱ-.

(music) mix (result of mixing several tracks)

(music) mix (finished version of a recording)


alleluja

Learned borrowing from Latin allēlūia, from Hebrew הללויה. First attested in 1522.

der

Hebrew הללויה

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “alleluja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

allelujach (alternative Middle Polish)
halelujah (alternative Middle Polish)
hallelujah (alternative Middle Polish)

radosne alleluja

słynne alleluja

uroczyste alleluja

wielkanocne alleluja

śpiew alleluja

śpiewać/zaśpiewać alleluja

(Christianity, music) hallelujah (song of praise to God)


zdanie

pl-noun

zdanie n (diminutive zdanko, related adjective zdaniowy)

zdanko (diminutive)
zdaniowy (adjective)
zdanie (nominative singular)
zdania (nominative plural)
zdania (genitive singular)
zdań (genitive plural)
zdaniu (dative singular)
zdaniom (dative plural)
zdanie (accusative singular)
zdania (accusative plural)
zdaniem (instrumental singular)
zdaniami (instrumental plural)
zdaniu (locative singular)
zdaniach (locative plural)
zdanie (singular vocative)
zdania (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zdanie. By surface analysis, zdać + -anie.

(countable, music) phrase (four-bar part of a musical piece constituting a logical whole)


kompakt

kompakt (nominative singular)
kompakty (nominative plural)
kompaktu (genitive singular)
kompaktów (genitive plural)
kompaktowi (dative singular)
kompaktom (dative plural)
kompakt (accusative singular)
kompakty (accusative plural)
kompaktem (instrumental singular)
kompaktami (instrumental plural)
kompakcie (locative singular)
kompaktach (locative plural)
kompakcie (singular vocative)
kompakty (plural vocative)

(colloquial, computing, music) CD, compact disc


bemol

bemol (nominative singular)
bemole (nominative plural)
bemola (genitive singular)
bemoli (genitive plural)
bemolów (genitive plural)
bemolowi (dative singular)
bemolom (dative plural)
bemol (accusative singular)
bemole (accusative plural)
bemolem (instrumental singular)
bemolami (instrumental plural)
bemolu (locative singular)
bemolach (locative plural)
bemolu (singular vocative)
bemole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bémol, from Italian bemolle.

(music) flat (note played a semitone lower than a natural)


szyja

szyja f (diminutive szyjka, related adjective szyjny)

szyjka (diminutive)
szyjny (adjective)
szyja (nominative singular)
szyje (nominative plural)
szyi (genitive singular)
szyj (genitive plural)
szyi (dative singular)
szyjom (dative plural)
szyję (accusative singular)
szyje (accusative plural)
szyją (instrumental singular)
szyjami (instrumental plural)
szyi (locative singular)
szyjach (locative plural)
szyjo (singular vocative)
szyje (plural vocative)
syja (alternative)

(obsolete, music) neck (part of an instrument to be held)


ligatura

ligatura (nominative singular)
ligatury (nominative plural)
ligatury (genitive singular)
ligatur (genitive plural)
ligaturze (dative singular)
ligaturom (dative plural)
ligaturę (accusative singular)
ligatury (accusative plural)
ligaturą (instrumental singular)
ligaturami (instrumental plural)
ligaturze (locative singular)
ligaturach (locative plural)
ligaturo (singular vocative)
ligatury (plural vocative)


fraza

fraza (nominative singular)
frazy (nominative plural)
frazy (genitive singular)
fraz (genitive plural)
frazie (dative singular)
frazom (dative plural)
frazę (accusative singular)
frazy (accusative plural)
frazą (instrumental singular)
frazami (instrumental plural)
frazie (locative singular)
frazach (locative plural)
frazo (singular vocative)
frazy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French phrase, from Late Latin phrasis, from Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis). Doublet of frazes (“cliché”).

(music) phrase (small section of music in a larger piece)


gramofon

gramofon m inan (related adjective gramofonowy)

gramofonowy (adjective)
gramofon (nominative singular)
gramofony (nominative plural)
gramofonu (genitive singular)
gramofonów (genitive plural)
gramofonowi (dative singular)
gramofonom (dative plural)
gramofon (accusative singular)
gramofony (accusative plural)
gramofonem (instrumental singular)
gramofonami (instrumental plural)
gramofonie (locative singular)
gramofonach (locative plural)
gramofonie (singular vocative)
gramofony (plural vocative)

(music) gramophone, phonograph, record player


takt

takt (nominative singular)
takty (nominative plural)
taktu (genitive singular)
taktów (genitive plural)
taktowi (dative singular)
taktom (dative plural)
takt (accusative singular)
takty (accusative plural)
taktem (instrumental singular)
taktami (instrumental plural)
takcie (locative singular)
taktach (locative plural)
takcie (singular vocative)
takty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French tact, from Latin tāctus (“touch”).


solista

solista m pers (male equivalent solistka)

solistka (masculine)
solista (nominative singular)
soliści (nominative plural)
solisty (derogatory nominative plural)
solisty (genitive singular)
solistów (genitive plural)
soliście (dative singular)
solistom (dative plural)
solistę (accusative singular)
solistów (accusative plural)
solistą (instrumental singular)
solistami (instrumental plural)
soliście (locative singular)
solistach (locative plural)
solisto (singular vocative)
soliści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian solista, from solo, from Latin sōlus.

(music, sports) soloist (person who performs alone)


unisono

(acoustics, music) unison (identical pitch between two notes or sounds)


tournée

Unadapted borrowing from French tournée.

(music) concert tour (series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries or locations)


stopień

st. (abbreviation)
stopień (nominative singular)
stopnie (nominative plural)
stopnia (genitive singular)
stopni (genitive plural)
stopniowi (dative singular)
stopniom (dative plural)
stopień (accusative singular)
stopnie (accusative plural)
stopniem (instrumental singular)
stopniami (instrumental plural)
stopniu (locative singular)
stopniach (locative plural)
stopniu (singular vocative)
stopnie (plural vocative)

(countable, music) step (the interval between two contiguous degrees of the scale)


koncert

koncert m inan (diminutive koncercik, related adjective koncertowy)

koncercik (diminutive)
koncertowy (adjective)
koncert (nominative singular)
koncerty (nominative plural)
koncertu (genitive singular)
koncertów (genitive plural)
koncertowi (dative singular)
koncertom (dative plural)
koncert (accusative singular)
koncerty (accusative plural)
koncertem (instrumental singular)
koncertami (instrumental plural)
koncercie (locative singular)
koncertach (locative plural)
koncercie (singular vocative)
koncerty (plural vocative)

(music) concert (musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part)

(music) concerto (piece of music for one or more solo instruments and orchestra)


kantata

kantata (nominative singular)
kantaty (nominative plural)
kantaty (genitive singular)
kantat (genitive plural)
kantacie (dative singular)
kantatom (dative plural)
kantatę (accusative singular)
kantaty (accusative plural)
kantatą (instrumental singular)
kantatami (instrumental plural)
kantacie (locative singular)
kantatach (locative plural)
kantato (singular vocative)
kantaty (plural vocative)


artykulacja

artykulacja (nominative singular)
artykulacji (genitive singular)
artykulacji (dative singular)
artykulację (accusative singular)
artykulacją (instrumental singular)
artykulacji (locative singular)
artykulacjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō.

lbor

(music) articulation (the manner in which something is articulated)


dół

dołek (diminutive)
dół (nominative singular)
doły (nominative plural)
dołu (genitive singular)
dołów (genitive plural)
dołowi (dative singular)
dołom (dative plural)
dół (accusative singular)
doły (accusative plural)
dołem (instrumental singular)
dołami (instrumental plural)
dole (locative singular)
dołach (locative plural)
dole (singular vocative)
doły (plural vocative)

(music) lower range (lower register of a singer)


bandura

bandurka (diminutive)
bandura (nominative singular)
bandury (nominative plural)
bandury (genitive singular)
bandur (genitive plural)
bandurze (dative singular)
bandurom (dative plural)
bandurę (accusative singular)
bandury (accusative plural)
bandurą (instrumental singular)
bandurami (instrumental plural)
bandurze (locative singular)
bandurach (locative plural)
banduro (singular vocative)
bandury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pandūra, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra). Doublet of banjo and mandola.


wosk

woszczek (diminutive)
wosk (nominative singular)
woski (nominative plural)
wosku (genitive singular)
wosków (genitive plural)
woskowi (dative singular)
woskom (dative plural)
wosk (accusative singular)
woski (accusative plural)
woskiem (instrumental singular)
woskami (instrumental plural)
wosku (locative singular)
woskach (locative plural)
wosku (singular vocative)
woski (plural vocative)
wôsk (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish wosk. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English wax.

sl

(music, hip-hop slang) wax, vinyl record


dżezowy

pl-adj

dżezowy (comparative bardziej dżezowy, superlative najbardziej dżezowy, derived adverb dżezowo)

bardziej dżezowy (comparative)
najbardziej dżezowy (superlative)
dżezowy (masculine nominative singular)
dżezowa (feminine nominative singular)
dżezowe (neuter nominative singular)
dżezowi (nominative plural virile)
dżezowe (nominative plural)
dżezowego (genitive masculine singular)
dżezowej (feminine genitive singular)
dżezowego (genitive neuter singular)
dżezowych (genitive plural)
dżezowych (genitive plural virile)
dżezowemu (dative masculine singular)
dżezowej (dative feminine singular)
dżezowemu (dative neuter singular)
dżezowym (dative plural)
dżezowym (dative plural virile)
dżezowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
dżezowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
dżezową (accusative feminine singular)
dżezowe (accusative neuter singular)
dżezowych (accusative plural virile)
dżezowe (accusative plural)
dżezowym (instrumental masculine singular)
dżezową (feminine instrumental singular)
dżezowym (instrumental neuter singular)
dżezowymi (instrumental plural)
dżezowymi (instrumental plural virile)
dżezowym (locative masculine singular)
dżezowej (feminine locative singular)
dżezowym (locative neuter singular)
dżezowych (locative plural)
dżezowych (locative plural virile)

/d͡ʐɛˈzɔ.vɘ/

(music, relational) alternative spelling of jazzowy


dżezbend

dżezbend (nominative singular)
dżezbendy (nominative plural)
dżezbendu (genitive singular)
dżezbendów (genitive plural)
dżezbendowi (dative singular)
dżezbendom (dative plural)
dżezbend (accusative singular)
dżezbendy (accusative plural)
dżezbendem (instrumental singular)
dżezbendami (instrumental plural)
dżezbendzie (locative singular)
dżezbendach (locative plural)
dżezbendzie (singular vocative)
dżezbendy (plural vocative)

(music) alternative spelling of jazzband


muzyka

muzyczka (diminutive)
muzyka (nominative singular)
muzyki (genitive singular)
muzyce (dative singular)
muzykę (accusative singular)
muzyką (instrumental singular)
muzyce (locative singular)
muzyko (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: му́зыка (múzyka)

→ Kashubian: mùzyka

desctree

→ Ukrainian: му́зика (múzyka)
→ Russian: му́зыка (múzyka)
→ Bashkir: музыка (muzıka)
→ Chechen: музыка (muzyka)
→ Erzya: музыка (muzïka)
→ Ingrian: muuzьkka
→ Karachay-Balkar: музыка (muzıka)
→ Kazakh: музыка (muzyka)
→ Kildin Sami: музыка (muzyka)
→ Kyrgyz: музыка (muzıka)
→ Lithuanian: muzika
→ Latvian: mūzika
→ Lak: музыка
→ Tatar: музыка (muzıqa)
→ Tuvan: музыка (muzıka)
→ Uyghur: مۇزىكا (muzika)
→ Uzbek: muzika
→ Yakut: муусука (muusuka)
→ Carpathian Rusyn: музика (muzyka)

Learned borrowing from Latin mūsica. Displaced gędźba. Compare Silesian muzyka.

(music) music (series of sounds organized in time, usually employing some combination of harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, etc., often to convey a mood)


zwrotnik

zwrotnik (nominative singular)
zwrotniki (nominative plural)
zwrotnika (genitive singular)
zwrotników (genitive plural)
zwrotnikowi (dative singular)
zwrotnikom (dative plural)
zwrotnik (accusative singular)
zwrotniki (accusative plural)
zwrotnikiem (instrumental singular)
zwrotnikami (instrumental plural)
zwrotniku (locative singular)
zwrotnikach (locative plural)
zwrotniku (singular vocative)
zwrotniki (plural vocative)


producent

pl-noun

producent m pers (female equivalent producentka)

producentka (feminine)
producent (nominative singular)
producenci (nominative plural)
producenty (derogatory nominative plural)
producenta (genitive singular)
producentów (genitive plural)
producentowi (dative singular)
producentom (dative plural)
producenta (accusative singular)
producentów (accusative plural)
producentem (instrumental singular)
producentami (instrumental plural)
producencie (locative singular)
producentach (locative plural)
producencie (singular vocative)
producenci (plural vocative)


odległość

odległość f (related adjective odległościowy)

odległościowy (adjective)
odległość (nominative singular)
odległości (nominative plural)
odległości (genitive singular)
odległości (genitive plural)
odległości (dative singular)
odległościom (dative plural)
odległość (accusative singular)
odległości (accusative plural)
odległością (instrumental singular)
odległościami (instrumental plural)
odległości (locative singular)
odległościach (locative plural)
odległości (singular vocative)
odległości (plural vocative)

/ɔdˈlɛ.ɡwɔɕt͡ɕ/

/ɔdˈlɛ.ɡɫɔɕt͡ɕ/

From odległy + -ość. First attested in 1570.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “odległość”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(music) distance (difference in pitch between two tones)


blacha

blaszka (diminutive)
blacha (nominative singular)
blachy (nominative plural)
blachy (genitive singular)
blach (genitive plural)
blasze (dative singular)
blachom (dative plural)
blachę (accusative singular)
blachy (accusative plural)
blachą (instrumental singular)
blachami (instrumental plural)
blasze (locative singular)
blachach (locative plural)
blacho (singular vocative)
blachy (plural vocative)
blach (alternative Middle Polish)
błacha (alternative Middle Polish)
plach (alternative Middle Polish)
placha (alternative Middle Polish)
plech (alternative Middle Polish)
płach (alternative Middle Polish)

→ Kashubian: blacha

→ Russian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

→ Ukrainian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

(Middle Polish, music) synonym of drumla


siódemka

pl-noun

siódemka f (diminutive siódemeczka, augmentative siódema, related adjective siódemkowy)

siódemeczka (diminutive)
siódema (augmentative)
siódemkowy (adjective)
siódemka (nominative singular)
siódemki (nominative plural)
siódemki (genitive singular)
siódemek (genitive plural)
siódemce (dative singular)
siódemkom (dative plural)
siódemkę (accusative singular)
siódemki (accusative plural)
siódemką (instrumental singular)
siódemkami (instrumental plural)
siódemce (locative singular)
siódemkach (locative plural)
siódemko (singular vocative)
siódemki (plural vocative)


szałamaja

szałamaja (nominative singular)
szałamaje (nominative plural)
szałamai (genitive singular)
szałamaj (genitive plural)
szałamai (dative singular)
szałamajom (dative plural)
szałamaję (accusative singular)
szałamaje (accusative plural)
szałamają (instrumental singular)
szałamajami (instrumental plural)
szałamai (locative singular)
szałamajach (locative plural)
szałamajo (singular vocative)
szałamaje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Schalmei, from Old French chalemie.


szpinet

szpinet (nominative singular)
szpinety (nominative plural)
szpinetu (genitive singular)
szpinetów (genitive plural)
szpinetowi (dative singular)
szpinetom (dative plural)
szpinet (accusative singular)
szpinety (accusative plural)
szpinetem (instrumental singular)
szpinetami (instrumental plural)
szpinecie (locative singular)
szpinetach (locative plural)
szpinecie (singular vocative)
szpinety (plural vocative)


fanfara

fanfarowy (adjective)
fanfara (nominative singular)
fanfary (nominative plural)
fanfary (genitive singular)
fanfar (genitive plural)
fanfarze (dative singular)
fanfarom (dative plural)
fanfarę (accusative singular)
fanfary (accusative plural)
fanfarą (instrumental singular)
fanfarami (instrumental plural)
fanfarze (locative singular)
fanfarach (locative plural)
fanfaro (singular vocative)
fanfary (plural vocative)

(music) fanfare (flourish of trumpets or horns)


romantyzm

romantyzm (nominative singular)
romantyzmu (genitive singular)
romantyzmowi (dative singular)
romantyzm (accusative singular)
romantyzmem (instrumental singular)
romantyzmie (locative singular)
romantyzmie (singular vocative)

(art, literature, music) Romanticism (artistic and intellectual movement)


dziób

dziób m inan (diminutive dziobek or dzióbek)

dziobek (diminutive)
dzióbek (diminutive)
dziób (nominative singular)
dzioby (nominative plural)
dzioba (genitive singular)
dziobów (genitive plural)
dziobowi (dative singular)
dziobom (dative plural)
dziób (accusative singular)
dzioby (accusative plural)
dziobem (instrumental singular)
dziobami (instrumental plural)
dziobie (locative singular)
dziobach (locative plural)
dziobie (singular vocative)
dzioby (plural vocative)
dziób (nominative singular)
dzióby (nominative plural)
dzióba (genitive singular)
dzióbów (genitive plural)
dzióbowi (dative singular)
dzióbom (dative plural)
dziób (accusative singular)
dzióby (accusative plural)
dzióbem (instrumental singular)
dzióbami (instrumental plural)
dzióbie (locative singular)
dzióbach (locative plural)
dzióbie (singular vocative)
dzióby (plural vocative)
dzióba (alternative)