a posteriori

pl-adj

a posteriori (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī.

lbor

(literary, logic, philosophy) a posteriori


parabola

parabola (nominative singular)
parabole (nominative plural)
paraboli (genitive singular)
paraboli (genitive plural)
parabol (genitive plural)
paraboli (dative singular)
parabolom (dative plural)
parabolę (accusative singular)
parabole (accusative plural)
parabolą (instrumental singular)
parabolami (instrumental plural)
paraboli (locative singular)
parabolach (locative plural)
parabolo (singular vocative)
parabole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin parabola. Doublet of parol.


brutto

pl-adj

brutto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian brutto, from Latin brūtus.


folder

folder (nominative singular)
foldery (nominative plural)
folderu (more rarely foldera) (genitive singular)
folderów (genitive plural)
folderowi (dative singular)
folderom (dative plural)
folder (accusative singular)
foldery (accusative plural)
folderem (instrumental singular)
folderami (instrumental plural)
folderze (locative singular)
folderach (locative plural)
folderze (singular vocative)
foldery (plural vocative)


Eris

(Greek mythology) Eris (Greek goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War)


aura

aura (nominative singular)
aury (nominative plural)
aury (genitive singular)
aur (genitive plural)
aurze (dative singular)
aurom (dative plural)
aurę (accusative singular)
aury (accusative plural)
aurą (instrumental singular)
aurami (instrumental plural)
aurze (locative singular)
aurach (locative plural)
auro (singular vocative)
aury (plural vocative)

(medicine) aura (telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure)


upgrade

upgrade (nominative singular)
upgrade'y (nominative plural)
upgrade'u (genitive singular)
upgrade'ów (genitive plural)
upgrade'owi (dative singular)
upgrade'om (dative plural)
upgrade (accusative singular)
upgrade'y (accusative plural)
upgrade'em (instrumental singular)
upgrade'ami (instrumental plural)
upgradzie (locative singular)
upgrade'ach (locative plural)
upgrade (singular vocative)
upgrade'y (plural vocative)
apgrejd (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English upgrade.

ubor

(colloquial, computer science) upgrade (modernisation of technology)


trauma

trauma (nominative singular)
traumy (nominative plural)
traumy (genitive singular)
traum (genitive plural)
traumie (dative singular)
traumom (dative plural)
traumę (accusative singular)
traumy (accusative plural)
traumą (instrumental singular)
traumami (instrumental plural)
traumie (locative singular)
traumach (locative plural)
traumo (singular vocative)
traumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

(medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)


satyr

satyr (nominative singular)
satyrowie (nominative plural)
satyra (genitive singular)
satyrów (genitive plural)
satyrowi (dative singular)
satyrom (dative plural)
satyra (accusative singular)
satyrów (accusative plural)
satyrem (instrumental singular)
satyrami (instrumental plural)
satyrze (locative singular)
satyrach (locative plural)
satyrze (singular vocative)
satyrowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French satyre, from Latin satyrus, from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos).


impotent

impotent (nominative singular)
impotenci (nominative plural)
impotenty (derogatory nominative plural)
impotenta (genitive singular)
impotentów (genitive plural)
impotentowi (dative singular)
impotentom (dative plural)
impotenta (accusative singular)
impotentów (accusative plural)
impotentem (instrumental singular)
impotentami (instrumental plural)
impotencie (locative singular)
impotentach (locative plural)
impotencie (singular vocative)
impotenci (plural vocative)

(pathology) impotent (man who has erectile dysfunction)


etymologia

pl-noun

etymologia f (related adjective etymologiczny, abbreviation etym.)

etymologiczny (adjective)
etym. (abbreviation)
etymologia (nominative singular)
etymologie (nominative plural)
etymologii (genitive singular)
etymologii (genitive plural)
etymologij (archaic genitive plural)
etymologii (dative singular)
etymologiom (dative plural)
etymologię (accusative singular)
etymologie (accusative plural)
etymologią (instrumental singular)
etymologiami (instrumental plural)
etymologii (locative singular)
etymologiach (locative plural)
etymologio (singular vocative)
etymologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin etymologia.

(linguistics) etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)


sfera

sferowy (adjective)
sfera (nominative singular)
sfery (nominative plural)
sfery (genitive singular)
sfer (genitive plural)
sferze (dative singular)
sferom (dative plural)
sferę (accusative singular)
sfery (accusative plural)
sferą (instrumental singular)
sferami (instrumental plural)
sferze (locative singular)
sferach (locative plural)
sfero (singular vocative)
sfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sphere, French sphère, German Sphäre, ultimately from Latin sphaera.

Coordinate term: kula

(geometry) sphere (three-dimensional shape consisting of all points equidistant from a center)

(sociology) sphere (group of people distinguished on the basis of origin, education, social or material status, interests, etc.)


forma

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective foremny)

foremka (diminutive)
foremny (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

(grammar) form (particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech)

(sciences) form (living organisms or products of nature characterized by a set of common features)

(philosophy) form (inherent nature of an object; that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing; that in which the essence of a thing consists)


decorum

decorum (nominative singular)
decora (nominative plural)
decorum (genitive singular)
decorów (genitive plural)
decorum (dative singular)
decorom (dative plural)
decorum (accusative singular)
decora (accusative plural)
decorum (instrumental singular)
decorami (instrumental plural)
decorum (locative singular)
decorach (locative plural)
decorum (singular vocative)
decora (plural vocative)
dekorum (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin decōrum. Doublet of dekoracja and dekorować.

(anthropology) decorum (appropriate social behavior; propriety)


diastema

diastema (nominative singular)
diastemy (nominative plural)
diastemy (genitive singular)
diastem (genitive plural)
diastemie (dative singular)
diastemom (dative plural)
diastemę (accusative singular)
diastemy (accusative plural)
diastemą (instrumental singular)
diastemami (instrumental plural)
diastemie (locative singular)
diastemach (locative plural)
diastemo (singular vocative)
diastemy (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek διάστημα (diástēma).

der+

(dentistry, pathology) diastema (gap or space between two adjacent teeth, especially the upper front incisors (in humans))


heros

heros (nominative singular)
herosi (nominative plural)
herosowie (nominative plural)
herosa (genitive singular)
herosów (genitive plural)
herosowi (dative singular)
herosom (dative plural)
herosa (accusative singular)
herosów (accusative plural)
herosem (instrumental singular)
herosami (instrumental plural)
herosie (locative singular)
herosach (locative plural)
herosie (singular vocative)
herosi (plural vocative)
herosowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin hērōs, from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs). Doublet of gieroj.


lasso

lasso (nominative singular)
lassa (nominative plural)
lassa (genitive singular)
lass (genitive plural)
lassu (dative singular)
lassom (dative plural)
lasso (accusative singular)
lassa (accusative plural)
lassem (instrumental singular)
lassami (instrumental plural)
lassie (locative singular)
lassach (locative plural)
lasso (singular vocative)
lassa (plural vocative)

(computing) lasso (image-editing function allowing the user to capture an irregularly-shaped object by drawing an approximate outline)


energia

energia (nominative singular)
energie (nominative plural)
energii (genitive singular)
energii (genitive plural)
energij (archaic genitive plural)
energii (dative singular)
energiom (dative plural)
energię (accusative singular)
energie (accusative plural)
energią (instrumental singular)
energiami (instrumental plural)
energii (locative singular)
energiach (locative plural)
energio (singular vocative)
energie (plural vocative)
energija (alternative Middle Polish)
energja (alternative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Energie or French énergie, ultimately from Latin energīa. First attested in 1606. Compare Kashubian energiô and Silesian ynergijŏ.

ref

Rozmowa o rokoszu (in Polish), 1606, page 111: “Nuż co była sama energia, sama medulla rokoszu tego, na żołnierza utriusque partis i na sługi senatorskie i panięce: »Kto cnotliwy, do braciej!« nie zawołano.”

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) energy (form as opposed to matter as potency)


separator

separator (nominative singular)
separatory (nominative plural)
separatora (genitive singular)
separatorów (genitive plural)
separatorowi (dative singular)
separatorom (dative plural)
separator (accusative singular)
separatory (accusative plural)
separatorem (instrumental singular)
separatorami (instrumental plural)
separatorze (locative singular)
separatorach (locative plural)
separatorze (singular vocative)
separatory (plural vocative)

(computing) delimiter (unique character or series of characters that indicates the beginning or end of a specific statement, string or function body set)


bróg

pl-noun

bróg m inan (diminutive brożek, related adjective brogowy)

brożek (diminutive)
brogowy (adjective)
bróg (nominative singular)
brogi (nominative plural)
brogu (genitive singular)
brogów (genitive plural)
brogowi (dative singular)
brogom (dative plural)
bróg (accusative singular)
brogi (accusative plural)
brogiem (instrumental singular)
brogami (instrumental plural)
brogu (locative singular)
brogach (locative plural)
brogu (singular vocative)
brogi (plural vocative)

→? Russian: брог (brog)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-
Proto-Slavic *borgъ
Old Polish bróg
Polish bróg
Inherited from Old Polish bróg.

etymon

(Middle Polish, mathematics) Synonym of stożek


adres

adresik (diminutive)
adres (nominative singular)
adresy (nominative plural)
adresu (genitive singular)
adresów (genitive plural)
adresowi (dative singular)
adresom (dative plural)
adres (accusative singular)
adresy (accusative plural)
adresem (instrumental singular)
adresami (instrumental plural)
adresie (locative singular)
adresach (locative plural)
adresie (singular vocative)
adresy (plural vocative)
adress (alternative obsolete)

desctree

→ Russian: адрес (adres)
→ Armenian: հասցե (hascʻe) (semantic loan)
→ Bashkir: адрес (adres)
→ Bezhta: адрис (adris)
→ Eastern Mari: адрес (adres)
→ Kazakh: адрес (adres)
→ Ingrian: adressi
→ Yakut: аадырыс (aadırıs)
→ Kildin Sami: а̄дресс (ādrjess)
→ Tajik: адрес (adres)
→ Tatar: адрес (adres)
→ Uyghur: ئادرىس (adris)

→ Belarusian: адрэс (adres)

Borrowed from French adresse. First attested in 1648. Doublet of adresa, a dialectal borrowing from German.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (09.06.2009) “ADRES”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(computing) address (number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory)

(computing) address (number identifying an account or user, such as an email address)


lek

lekowy (adjective)
lek (nominative singular)
leki (nominative plural)
leku (genitive singular)
leków (genitive plural)
lekowi (dative singular)
lekom (dative plural)
lek (accusative singular)
leki (accusative plural)
lekiem (instrumental singular)
lekami (instrumental plural)
leku (locative singular)
lekach (locative plural)
leku (singular vocative)
leki (plural vocative)
lik (alternative)

(medicine) medicine, drug (substance which promotes healing)


anemia

anemia (nominative singular)
anemii (genitive singular)
anemii (dative singular)
anemię (accusative singular)
anemią (instrumental singular)
anemii (locative singular)
anemio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía). By surface analysis, an- + -emia. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “anemja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

ciężka/silna anemia

zapobiegać anemii

leczyć anemię

zwalczać anemii


tablet

tablet (nominative singular)
tablety (nominative plural)
tabletu (genitive singular)
tabletów (genitive plural)
tabletowi (dative singular)
tabletom (dative plural)
tablet (accusative singular)
tablety (accusative plural)
tabletem (instrumental singular)
tabletami (instrumental plural)
tablecie (locative singular)
tabletach (locative plural)
tablecie (singular vocative)
tablety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tablet, from Middle English tablet, from Old French tablete.

(computing) digitizer, graphics tablet (small, easily swallowed portion of a substance)


cholera

cholera (nominative singular)
cholery (genitive singular)
cholerze (dative singular)
cholerę (accusative singular)
cholerą (instrumental singular)
cholerze (locative singular)
cholero (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρᾰ (kholéră).


grad

grad (nominative singular)
grady (nominative plural)
gradu (genitive singular)
gradów (genitive plural)
gradowi (dative singular)
gradom (dative plural)
grad (accusative singular)
grady (accusative plural)
gradem (instrumental singular)
gradami (instrumental plural)
gradzie (locative singular)
gradach (locative plural)
gradzie (singular vocative)
grady (plural vocative)

(geometry, trigonometry) gradian (unit of angle equal to 0.9 degrees, so that there are 100 gradians in a right angle)


netto

pl-adj

netto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian netto, from Vulgar Latin *nittus, a syncopation of Latin nitidus.

(economics) net (remaining after expenses or deductions)


angina

angina (nominative singular)
anginy (nominative plural)
anginy (genitive singular)
angin (genitive plural)
anginie (dative singular)
anginom (dative plural)
anginę (accusative singular)
anginy (accusative plural)
anginą (instrumental singular)
anginami (instrumental plural)
anginie (locative singular)
anginach (locative plural)
angino (singular vocative)
anginy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin angina. First attested in 1680–1689.

ref

Krystyna Siekierska (20.11.2007) “ANGINA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


zombi

(computing, fiction, voodoo) Alternative spelling of zombie


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(clinical psychology) echolalia (immediate, involuntary, and repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another)


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(geometry) profile (outline of the cross-section of an object)

(criminology, psychology) offender profile


Loki

Loki (nominative singular)
Lokiego (genitive singular)
Lokiemu (dative singular)
Lokiego (accusative singular)
Lokim (instrumental singular)
Lokim (locative singular)
Loki (singular vocative)

(Norse mythology) Loki (the god of mischief and trickery)


superego

From super- + ego. Calque of German Über-Ich.

(psychoanalysis) superego (part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt)


gradient

gradient (nominative singular)
gradienty (nominative plural)
gradientu (genitive singular)
gradientów (genitive plural)
gradientowi (dative singular)
gradientom (dative plural)
gradient (accusative singular)
gradienty (accusative plural)
gradientem (instrumental singular)
gradientami (instrumental plural)
gradiencie (locative singular)
gradientach (locative plural)
gradiencie (singular vocative)
gradienty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English gradient, from Latin gradiēns.

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis) gradient (differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar)


teoria

teoryjka (diminutive)
teoria (nominative singular)
teorie (nominative plural)
teorii (genitive singular)
teorii (genitive plural)
teoryj (archaic genitive plural)
teorii (dative singular)
teoriom (dative plural)
teorię (accusative singular)
teorie (accusative plural)
teorią (instrumental singular)
teoriami (instrumental plural)
teorii (locative singular)
teoriach (locative plural)
teorio (singular vocative)
teorie (plural vocative)
teoryja (alternative Middle Polish)
teorya (alternative)
teorja (alternative)

→ Kashubian: teorëjô

Borrowed from French théorie. First attested in 1765.

Magdalena Majdak (26.10.2021) “TEORIA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(countable, sciences) theory (a coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc)


bod

bod (nominative singular)
body (nominative plural)
bodu (genitive singular)
bodów (genitive plural)
bodowi (dative singular)
bodom (dative plural)
bod (accusative singular)
body (accusative plural)
bodem (instrumental singular)
bodami (instrumental plural)
bodzie (locative singular)
bodach (locative plural)
bodzie (singular vocative)
body (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.


ropa

ropa (nominative singular)
ropy (genitive singular)
ropie (dative singular)
ropę (accusative singular)
ropą (instrumental singular)
ropie (locative singular)
ropo (singular vocative)


stupor

stupor (nominative singular)
stupory (nominative plural)
stuporu (genitive singular)
stuporów (genitive plural)
stuporowi (dative singular)
stuporom (dative plural)
stupor (accusative singular)
stupory (accusative plural)
stuporem (instrumental singular)
stuporami (instrumental plural)
stuporze (locative singular)
stuporach (locative plural)
stuporze (singular vocative)
stupory (plural vocative)

(medicine) stupor (state of greatly dulled or completely suspended consciousness or sensibility; a chiefly mental condition marked by absence of spontaneous movement, greatly diminished responsiveness to stimulation, and usually impaired consciousness)


amnion

amnion (nominative singular)
amniony (nominative plural)
amnionu (genitive singular)
amnionów (genitive plural)
amnionowi (dative singular)
amnionom (dative plural)
amnion (accusative singular)
amniony (accusative plural)
amnionem (instrumental singular)
amnionami (instrumental plural)
amnionie (locative singular)
amnionach (locative plural)
amnionie (singular vocative)
amniony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀμνίον (amníon). First attested in 1810.

ref

Georg Prochaska (1810) Zasady fizyologii ludzkiej. T. 2 (in Polish), page 182

(anatomy, embryology) amnion (innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended)


multimedia

pl-noun

multimedia nvir pl (related adjective multimedialny)

multimedialny (adjective)
multimedia (nominative plural)
multimediów (genitive plural)
multimediom (dative plural)
multimedia (accusative plural)
multimediami (instrumental plural)
multimediach (locative plural)
multimedia (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English multimedia, French multimédia, German Multimedia. By surface analysis, multi- + media.

(computing) multimedia (IT products in the form of programs, games, etc., using images, sound, animation, or other means that affect the active use of the user)


Helios

Helios (nominative singular)
Heliosa (genitive singular)
Heliosowi (dative singular)
Heliosa (accusative singular)
Heliosem (instrumental singular)
Heliosie (locative singular)
Heliosie (singular vocative)


Hermes

Hermes (nominative singular)
Hermesa (genitive singular)
Hermesowi (dative singular)
Hermesa (accusative singular)
Hermesem (instrumental singular)
Hermesie (locative singular)
Hermesie (singular vocative)


Hestia

Hestia (nominative singular)
Hestii (genitive singular)
Hestii (dative singular)
Hestię (accusative singular)
Hestią (instrumental singular)
Hestii (locative singular)
Hestio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἑστία (Hestía), from ἑστία (hestía, “hearth”).


Diana

Diana (nominative singular)
Diany (genitive singular)
Dianie (dative singular)
Dianę (accusative singular)
Dianą (instrumental singular)
Dianie (locative singular)
Diano (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Diāna, from Latin Dīāna, from Old Latin Dīvāna.


bulimia

pl-noun

bulimia f (related adjective bulimiczny)

bulimiczny (adjective)
bulimia (nominative singular)
bulimii (genitive singular)
bulimii (dative singular)
bulimię (accusative singular)
bulimią (instrumental singular)
bulimii (locative singular)
bulimio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bulimia, French boulimie, German Bulimie, ultimately from Ancient Greek βουλιμία (boulimía).

(pathology) bulimia (chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting)


znak

znak m inan (diminutive znaczek, related adjective znakowy)

znaczek (diminutive)
znakowy (adjective)
znak (nominative singular)
znaki (nominative plural)
znaku (genitive singular)
znaków (genitive plural)
znakowi (dative singular)
znakom (dative plural)
znak (accusative singular)
znaki (accusative plural)
znakiem (instrumental singular)
znakami (instrumental plural)
znaku (locative singular)
znakach (locative plural)
znaku (singular vocative)
znaki (plural vocative)

(obsolete, philosophy) sign (trait, characteristic)

(obsolete, medicine) sign (property of the body that indicates a disease and, unlike a symptom, can be detected objectively by someone other than the patient)


faun

fauni (adjective)
faun (nominative singular)
faunowie (nominative plural)
fauny (derogatory nominative plural)
fauna (genitive singular)
faunów (genitive plural)
faunowi (dative singular)
faunom (dative plural)
fauna (accusative singular)
faunów (accusative plural)
faunem (instrumental singular)
faunami (instrumental plural)
faunie (locative singular)
faunach (locative plural)
faunie (singular vocative)
faunowie (plural vocative)
fauny (derogatory plural vocative)

(Roman mythology) faun (woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry)


Hebe

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἥβη (Hḗbē), from ἥβη (hḗbē).


Apollo

Apollo (nominative singular)
Apolla (genitive singular)
Apollina (genitive singular)
Apollowi (dative singular)
Apollinowi (dative singular)
Apolla (accusative singular)
Apollina (accusative singular)
Apollem (instrumental singular)
Apollinem (instrumental singular)
Apollu (locative singular)
Apollinie (locative singular)
Apollu (singular vocative)
Apollinie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Apollō, from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Apollo (son of Zeus)


Atlas

Atlas (nominative singular)
Atlasa (genitive singular)
Atlasowi (dative singular)
Atlasa (accusative singular)
Atlasem (instrumental singular)
Atlasie (locative singular)
Atlasie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Atlas (titan who holds the sky)


Aurora

Aurora (nominative singular)
Aurory (nominative plural)
Aurory (genitive singular)
Auror (genitive plural)
Aurorze (dative singular)
Aurorom (dative plural)
Aurorę (accusative singular)
Aurory (accusative plural)
Aurorą (instrumental singular)
Aurorami (instrumental plural)
Aurorze (locative singular)
Aurorach (locative plural)
Auroro (singular vocative)
Aurory (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Aurora (Roman goddess of the dawn, sister of Luna and Sol; equivalent of the Greek Eos)


Echo

(Greek mythology) Echo (oread punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others)


Faun

Faun (nominative singular)
Fauna (genitive singular)
Faunowi (dative singular)
Fauna (accusative singular)
Faunem (instrumental singular)
Faunie (locative singular)
Faunie (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) Faunus (rustic god of the forest, plains, and fields)


Flora

Flora (nominative singular)
Flory (nominative plural)
Flory (genitive singular)
Flor (genitive plural)
Florze (dative singular)
Florom (dative plural)
Florę (accusative singular)
Flory (accusative plural)
Florą (instrumental singular)
Florami (instrumental plural)
Florze (locative singular)
Florach (locative plural)
Floro (singular vocative)
Flory (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Flora (goddess of flowers)


Hydra

Hydra (nominative singular)
Hydry (genitive singular)
Hydrze (dative singular)
Hydrę (accusative singular)
Hydrą (instrumental singular)
Hydrze (locative singular)
Hydro (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hydra (mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours)


Hymen

Hymen (nominative singular)
Hymena (genitive singular)
Hymenowi (dative singular)
Hymena (accusative singular)
Hymenem (instrumental singular)
Hymenie (locative singular)
Hymenie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hymen, Hymenaeus, Hymenaios (god of marriage and marriage ceremonies)


Io

(Greek mythology) Io (daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer)


Luna

Luna (nominative singular)
Luny (nominative plural)
Luny (genitive singular)
Lun (genitive plural)
Lunie (dative singular)
Lunom (dative plural)
Lunę (accusative singular)
Luny (accusative plural)
Luną (instrumental singular)
Lunami (instrumental plural)
Lunie (locative singular)
Lunach (locative plural)
Luno (singular vocative)
Luny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Luna (Roman goddess of the moon, sister of Aurora and Sol; equivalent to the Greek Selene)


Macintosh

Macintosh (nominative singular)
Macintosha (genitive singular)
Macintoshowi (dative singular)
Macintosha (accusative singular)
Macintoshem (instrumental singular)
Macintoshu (locative singular)
Macintoshu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Macintosh.

ubor

(computing) Macintosh (brand of personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc.)


Mars

marsowy (adjective)
Mars (nominative singular)
Marsa (genitive singular)
Marsowi (dative singular)
Marsa (accusative singular)
Marsem (instrumental singular)
Marsie (locative singular)
Marsie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Mārs. Doublet of marzec.

(Roman mythology) Mars (Roman god of war)


Minotaur

Minotaur (nominative singular)
Minotaura (genitive singular)
Minotaurowi (dative singular)
Minotaura (accusative singular)
Minotaurem (instrumental singular)
Minotaurze (locative singular)
Minotaurze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Minotaurus, from Ancient Greek Μινώταυρος (Minṓtauros).

(Greek mythology) Minotaur (monster, half man and half bull, who dwelled in the labyrinth in Crete and who was killed by Theseus)


Pan

Pan (nominative singular)
Pana (genitive singular)
Panowi (dative singular)
Pana (accusative singular)
Panem (instrumental singular)
Panie (locative singular)
Panie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Pan, from Ancient Greek Πάν (Pán).

(Greek mythology) Pan (Greek god of nature)


Panna

Panna (nominative singular)
Panny (genitive singular)
Pannie (dative singular)
Pannę (accusative singular)
Panną (instrumental singular)
Pannie (locative singular)
Panno (singular vocative)


Pluton

Pluton (nominative singular)
Plutona (genitive singular)
Plutonowi (dative singular)
Plutona (accusative singular)
Plutonem (instrumental singular)
Plutonie (locative singular)
Plutonie (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology, Greek mythology) Pluto (god)


Psyche

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Psyche (personification of the soul; originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas)


Ra

(Egyptian mythology) Ra (Egyptian god of the Sun)


Set

Set (nominative singular)
Seta (genitive singular)
Setowi (dative singular)
Seta (accusative singular)
Setem (instrumental singular)
Secie (locative singular)
Secie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Set (ancient Egyptian god of chaos, thunder and storms, and destruction, commonly depicted as the Set animal)


Uran

Uran (nominative singular)
Urana (genitive singular)
Uranowi (dative singular)
Urana (accusative singular)
Uranem (instrumental singular)
Uranie (locative singular)
Uranie (singular vocative)


mediator

mediator (nominative singular)
mediatory (nominative plural)
mediatora (genitive singular)
mediatorów (genitive plural)
mediatorowi (dative singular)
mediatorom (dative plural)
mediator (accusative singular)
mediatory (accusative plural)
mediatorem (instrumental singular)
mediatorami (instrumental plural)
mediatorze (locative singular)
mediatorach (locative plural)
mediatorze (singular vocative)
mediatory (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) mediator (chemical substance transmitting information to a targeted cell)


koine

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κοινή (koinḗ).

lbor

(linguistics) koine (regional language that becomes standard over time)


sacrum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin sacrum. Doublet of sakra.

(anthropology) sacrum (the sacred world)


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


dane

dane (nominative plural)
danych (genitive plural)
danym (dative plural)
dane (accusative plural)
danymi (instrumental plural)
danych (locative plural)
dane (plural vocative)

From dany + -e. Cognate with and calque of English data.

(nominalized, computing) data (representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process)


minuta

pl-noun

minuta f (diminutive minutka, related adjective minutowy, abbreviation min or min.)

minutka (diminutive)
minutowy (adjective)
min (abbreviation)
min. (abbreviation)
minuta (nominative singular)
minuty (nominative plural)
minuty (genitive singular)
minut (genitive plural)
minucie (dative singular)
minutom (dative plural)
minutę (accusative singular)
minuty (accusative plural)
minutą (instrumental singular)
minutami (instrumental plural)
minucie (locative singular)
minutach (locative plural)
minuto (singular vocative)
minuty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Kashubian: minuta, mënuta, manuta (regional)

Inherited from Old Polish minuta. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French minute and German Minute. Doublet of menu.

sl

(geometry) arcminute (1/60th of a degree)


Neptun

Neptun (nominative singular)
Neptuna (genitive singular)
Neptunowi (dative singular)
Neptuna (accusative singular)
Neptunem (instrumental singular)
Neptunie (locative singular)
Neptunie (singular vocative)


login

login (nominative singular)
loginy (nominative plural)
loginu (genitive singular)
loginów (genitive plural)
loginowi (dative singular)
loginom (dative plural)
login (accusative singular)
loginy (accusative plural)
loginem (instrumental singular)
loginami (instrumental plural)
loginie (locative singular)
loginach (locative plural)
loginie (singular vocative)
loginy (plural vocative)

(computing) login (user's identification)


balsam

pl-noun

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)

balsamowy (adjective)
balsam (nominative singular)
balsamy (nominative plural)
balsamu (genitive singular)
balsamów (genitive plural)
balsamowi (dative singular)
balsamom (dative plural)
balsam (accusative singular)
balsamy (accusative plural)
balsamem (instrumental singular)
balsamami (instrumental plural)
balsamie (locative singular)
balsamach (locative plural)
balsamie (singular vocative)
balsamy (plural vocative)
Balsamus (alternative Middle Polish)
balzam (alternative Middle Polish)
bałzam (alternative Middle Polish)
bałsam (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

(cosmetics, medicine, pharmacology) lotion, balm (a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to skin)

(historical, Egyptology) embalming substance


C++

(programming) C++ (programming language)


singleton

singleton (nominative singular)
singletony (nominative plural)
singletonu (genitive singular)
singletonów (genitive plural)
singletonowi (dative singular)
singletonom (dative plural)
singleton (accusative singular)
singletony (accusative plural)
singletonem (instrumental singular)
singletonami (instrumental plural)
singletonie (locative singular)
singletonach (locative plural)
singletonie (singular vocative)
singletony (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: multiton

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

software engineering
software engineering

(object-oriented programming, software engineering) singleton, singleton pattern (creational design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object)

(set theory) singleton, unit set, one-point set (set with exactly one element)


graf

graf (nominative singular)
grafy (nominative plural)
grafu (genitive singular)
grafów (genitive plural)
grafowi (dative singular)
grafom (dative plural)
graf (accusative singular)
grafy (accusative plural)
grafem (instrumental singular)
grafami (instrumental plural)
grafie (locative singular)
grafach (locative plural)
grafie (singular vocative)
grafy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English graph, French graphe, German Graph, ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein).


sinus

sinus m inan (related adjective sinusowy)

sinusowy (adjective)
sinus (nominative singular)
sinusy (nominative plural)
sinusa (genitive singular)
sinusu (genitive singular)
sinusów (genitive plural)
sinusowi (dative singular)
sinusom (dative plural)
sinus (accusative singular)
sinusy (accusative plural)
sinusem (instrumental singular)
sinusami (instrumental plural)
sinusie (locative singular)
sinusach (locative plural)
sinusie (singular vocative)
sinusy (plural vocative)

(trigonometry) sine, sinus (in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse)


tampon

tamponik (diminutive)
tampon (nominative singular)
tampony (nominative plural)
tamponu (genitive singular)
tamponów (genitive plural)
tamponowi (dative singular)
tamponom (dative plural)
tampon (accusative singular)
tampony (accusative plural)
tamponem (instrumental singular)
tamponami (instrumental plural)
tamponie (locative singular)
tamponach (locative plural)
tamponie (singular vocative)
tampony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French tampon, from Middle French tampion, a nasalised variant of tapon, a diminutive or augmented form of Old French tape (“plug, bung, tap”), from Frankish *tappo (“stopper, plug”), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”).

(medicine) tampon (plug of cotton or other absorbent material)


Asgard

Asgard (nominative singular)
Asgardu (genitive singular)
Asgardowi (dative singular)
Asgard (accusative singular)
Asgardem (instrumental singular)
Asgardzie (locative singular)
Asgardzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Ásgarðr.

lbor

(Norse mythology) Asgard (realm of the Æsir gods)


pismo

pisemko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismom (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismem (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

(countable, linguistics) script, writing system (system of graphemes used to record sounds or concepts; all letters making up a given alphabet)


tarot

tarot (nominative singular)
tarota (genitive singular)
tarotowi (dative singular)
tarot (accusative singular)
tarotem (instrumental singular)
tarocie (locative singular)
tarocie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French tarot, from Italian tarocco.

(cartomancy) tarot (any of the set of 78 playing cards (divided into five suits, including one of permanent trumps), often used for mystical divination)


Tantal

Tantal (nominative singular)
Tantala (genitive singular)
Tantalowi (dative singular)
Tantala (accusative singular)
Tantalem (instrumental singular)
Tantalu (locative singular)
Tantalu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Tantalus, from Ancient Greek Τάνταλος (Tántalos). Doublet of tantal.

(Greek mythology) Tantalus (condemned Phrygian king)


gestalt

gestalt (nominative singular)
gestalty (nominative plural)
gestaltu (genitive singular)
gestaltów (genitive plural)
gestaltowi (dative singular)
gestaltom (dative plural)
gestalt (accusative singular)
gestalty (accusative plural)
gestaltem (instrumental singular)
gestaltami (instrumental plural)
gestalcie (locative singular)
gestaltach (locative plural)
gestalcie (singular vocative)
gestalty (plural vocative)
Gestalt (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt. Doublet of kształt.


koma

koma (nominative singular)
komy (nominative plural)
komy (genitive singular)
kom (genitive plural)
komie (dative singular)
komom (dative plural)
komę (accusative singular)
komy (accusative plural)
komą (instrumental singular)
komami (instrumental plural)
komie (locative singular)
komach (locative plural)
komo (singular vocative)
komy (plural vocative)


syfilis

syfilis (nominative singular)
syfilisu (genitive singular)
syfilisowi (dative singular)
syfilis (accusative singular)
syfilisem (instrumental singular)
syfilisie (locative singular)
syfilisie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French syphilis, from New Latin syphilis.


sabat

pl-noun

sabat m inan (related adjective sabatowy)

sabatowy (adjective)
sabat (nominative singular)
sabaty (nominative plural)
sabatu (genitive singular)
sabatów (genitive plural)
sabatowi (dative singular)
sabatom (dative plural)
sabat (accusative singular)
sabaty (accusative plural)
sabatem (instrumental singular)
sabatami (instrumental plural)
sabacie (locative singular)
sabatach (locative plural)
sabacie (singular vocative)
sabaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sabbatum. Doublet of sobota, szabas, and szabat.

(Christianity, Judaism or historical or occult) Alternative form of szabat


Ceres

(Roman mythology) Ceres (Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility)


ucho

ucho n (diminutive uszko, augmentative uszysko, related adjective uszny)

uszko (diminutive)
uszysko (augmentative)
uszny (adjective)
ucho (nominative singular)
uszy (nominative plural)
ucha (genitive singular)
uszu (genitive plural)
uszów (genitive plural)
uchu (dative singular)
uszom (dative plural)
ucho (accusative singular)
uszy (accusative plural)
uchem (instrumental singular)
uszami (instrumental plural)
uszyma (instrumental plural)
uchu (locative singular)
uszach (locative plural)
ucho (singular vocative)
uszy (plural vocative)
ucho (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish ucho. The irregular plural forms are the result of fossilization of the old dual forms.

póty dzban wodę nosi, póki się ucho nie urwie

(anatomy) ear (external part of the organ of hearing; the auricle)


delirium tremens

Learned borrowing from Latin dēlīrium tremēns.

lbor

delirium tremens
delirium tremens#English


neuralgia

neuralgia (nominative singular)
neuralgie (nominative plural)
neuralgii (genitive singular)
neuralgii (genitive plural)
neuralgij (archaic genitive plural)
neuralgii (dative singular)
neuralgiom (dative plural)
neuralgię (accusative singular)
neuralgie (accusative plural)
neuralgią (instrumental singular)
neuralgiami (instrumental plural)
neuralgii (locative singular)
neuralgiach (locative plural)
neuralgio (singular vocative)
neuralgie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English neuralgia, from New Latin neuralgia, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

(neurology, pathology) neuralgia (severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve)


outsider

pl-noun

outsider m pers (female equivalent outsiderka)

outsiderka (feminine)
outsider (nominative singular)
outsiderzy (nominative plural)
outsidery (derogatory nominative plural)
outsidera (genitive singular)
outsiderów (genitive plural)
outsiderowi (dative singular)
outsiderom (dative plural)
outsidera (accusative singular)
outsiderów (accusative plural)
outsiderem (instrumental singular)
outsiderami (instrumental plural)
outsiderze (locative singular)
outsiderach (locative plural)
outsiderze (singular vocative)
outsiderzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English outsider.

ubor

(economics) company refusing to join a monopoly consisting of the majority of enterprises in a given industry


cd

cd m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)

(computing, music) Alternative spelling of CD (“CD, compact disc”)


cd

(computing, music) Alternative spelling of CD (“CD player”)


pierwszy

pl-adj

pierwszy (not comparable, no derived adverb, abbreviation 1.)

pierwszy (masculine nominative singular)
pierwsza (feminine nominative singular)
pierwsze (neuter nominative singular)
pierwsi (nominative plural virile)
pierwsze (nominative plural)
pierwszego (genitive masculine singular)
pierwszej (feminine genitive singular)
pierwszego (genitive neuter singular)
pierwszych (genitive plural)
pierwszych (genitive plural virile)
pierwszemu (dative masculine singular)
pierwszej (dative feminine singular)
pierwszemu (dative neuter singular)
pierwszym (dative plural)
pierwszym (dative plural virile)
pierwszego (accusative animate masculine singular)
pierwszy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
pierwszą (accusative feminine singular)
pierwsze (accusative neuter singular)
pierwszych (accusative plural virile)
pierwsze (accusative plural)
pierwszym (instrumental masculine singular)
pierwszą (feminine instrumental singular)
pierwszym (instrumental neuter singular)
pierwszymi (instrumental plural)
pierwszymi (instrumental plural virile)
pierwszym (locative masculine singular)
pierwszej (feminine locative singular)
pierwszym (locative neuter singular)
pierwszych (locative plural)
pierwszych (locative plural virile)
pierwy (alternative Middle Polish)
pirwszy (alternative Middle Polish)
najpierwszy (alternative Middle Polish)
najpirwszy (alternative Middle Polish)
napierwszy (alternative Middle Polish)
napirwszy (alternative Middle Polish)
pierszy (alternative Middle Polish)
najpierszy (alternative Middle Polish)
najpirszy (alternative Middle Polish)
napierszy (alternative Middle Polish)
napir (alternative Middle Polish)
piersy (alternative)
pirszy (alternative)

From Old Polish pierwy + -szy (forms comparative adjectives).

af

liczba pierwsza

czynnik pierwszy


iBook

iBook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
iBook (nominative singular)
iBooki (nominative plural)
iBooka (genitive singular)
iBooków (genitive plural)
iBookowi (dative singular)
iBookom (dative plural)
iBook (accusative singular)
iBooka (accusative singular)
iBooki (accusative plural)
iBookiem (instrumental singular)
iBookami (instrumental plural)
iBooku (locative singular)
iBookach (locative plural)
iBooku (singular vocative)
iBooki (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: MacBook

(computing) iBook (computer of a line of lower-end laptop computers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer)


iMac

iMac m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
iMac (nominative singular)
iMaci (nominative plural)
iMaca (genitive singular)
iMaców (genitive plural)
iMacowi (dative singular)
iMacom (dative plural)
iMac (accusative singular)
iMaca (accusative singular)
iMaci (accusative plural)
iMakiem (instrumental singular)
iMacami (instrumental plural)
iMacu (locative singular)
iMacach (locative plural)
iMacu (singular vocative)
iMaci (plural vocative)

(computing) iMac (one of a line of all-in-one Macintosh computers made by Apple Inc.)


gigant

gigant (nominative singular)
giganci (nominative plural)
giganty (derogatory nominative plural)
giganta (genitive singular)
gigantów (genitive plural)
gigantowi (dative singular)
gigantom (dative plural)
giganta (accusative singular)
gigantów (accusative plural)
gigantem (instrumental singular)
gigantami (instrumental plural)
gigancie (locative singular)
gigantach (locative plural)
gigancie (singular vocative)
giganci (plural vocative)
Gigant (alternative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) giant (Greek mythological creature)


beri-beri

Probably borrowed from Sinhalese බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri).


Skorpion

Skorpion (nominative singular)
Skorpiona (genitive singular)
Skorpionowi (dative singular)
Skorpiona (accusative singular)
Skorpionem (instrumental singular)
Skorpionie (locative singular)
Skorpionie (singular vocative)

(astrology) Scorpio, a Zodiac sign used in astrology


chloroplast

pl-noun

chloroplast m inan (related adjective chloroplastowy)

chloroplastowy (adjective)
chloroplast (nominative singular)
chloroplasty (nominative plural)
chloroplastu (genitive singular)
chloroplastów (genitive plural)
chloroplastowi (dative singular)
chloroplastom (dative plural)
chloroplast (accusative singular)
chloroplasty (accusative plural)
chloroplastem (instrumental singular)
chloroplastami (instrumental plural)
chloroplaście (locative singular)
chloroplastach (locative plural)
chloroplaście (singular vocative)
chloroplasty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English chloroplast, French chloroplaste, German Chloroplast.

(cytology) chloroplast (organelle found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes)


ikona

ikonka (diminutive)
ikona (nominative singular)
ikony (nominative plural)
ikony (genitive singular)
ikon (genitive plural)
ikonie (dative singular)
ikonom (dative plural)
ikonę (accusative singular)
ikony (accusative plural)
ikoną (instrumental singular)
ikonami (instrumental plural)
ikonie (locative singular)
ikonach (locative plural)
ikono (singular vocative)
ikony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ико́на (ikóna), from Greek εικόνα (eikóna), from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn).

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) computer icon


neurotransmiter

neurotransmiter (nominative singular)
neurotransmitery (nominative plural)
neurotransmitera (genitive singular)
neurotransmiterów (genitive plural)
neurotransmiterowi (dative singular)
neurotransmiterom (dative plural)
neurotransmiter (accusative singular)
neurotransmitery (accusative plural)
neurotransmiterem (instrumental singular)
neurotransmiterami (instrumental plural)
neurotransmiterze (locative singular)
neurotransmiterach (locative plural)
neurotransmiterze (singular vocative)
neurotransmitery (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) neuromediator, neurotransmitter


drzewo

drzewo n (diminutive drzewko, related adjective drzewny)

drzewko (diminutive)
drzewny (adjective)
drzewo (nominative singular)
drzewa (nominative plural)
drzewa (genitive singular)
drzew (genitive plural)
drzewu (dative singular)
drzewom (dative plural)
drzewo (accusative singular)
drzewa (accusative plural)
drzewem (instrumental singular)
drzewami (instrumental plural)
drzewie (locative singular)
drzewach (locative plural)
drzewo (singular vocative)
drzewa (plural vocative)

(countable, sciences) tree (representation of objects in a hierarchy)

(countable, graph theory) tree (connected graph with no cycles or, if the graph is finite, equivalently a connected graph with n vertices and n−1 edges)

(Middle Polish, medicine) medicine from a tree of the species Guaiacum


globus

globus (nominative singular)
globusa (genitive singular)
globusu (genitive singular)
globusowi (dative singular)
globus (accusative singular)
globusem (instrumental singular)
globusie (locative singular)
globusie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin globus (hystericus).

lbor

(uncountable, pathology) globus, globus hystericus (sensation of having a lump in the throat)


proteza

proteza (nominative singular)
protezy (nominative plural)
protezy (genitive singular)
protez (genitive plural)
protezie (dative singular)
protezom (dative plural)
protezę (accusative singular)
protezy (accusative plural)
protezą (instrumental singular)
protezami (instrumental plural)
protezie (locative singular)
protezach (locative plural)
protezo (singular vocative)
protezy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French prothèse, from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis).


mamut

pl-noun

mamut m animal (related adjective mamuci or mamutowy)

mamuci (adjective)
mamutowy (adjective)
mamut (nominative singular)
mamuty (nominative plural)
mamuta (genitive singular)
mamutów (genitive plural)
mamutowi (dative singular)
mamutom (dative plural)
mamuta (accusative singular)
mamuty (accusative plural)
mamutem (instrumental singular)
mamutami (instrumental plural)
mamucie (locative singular)
mamutach (locative plural)
mamucie (singular vocative)
mamuty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mamùt

Internationalism; compare English mammoth, French mammouth, German Mammut, ultimately from Russian ма́монт (mámont).

(paleontology) mammoth (any elephant-like mammal of the genus Mammuthus)


ichor

ichor (nominative singular)
ichoru (genitive singular)
ichorowi (dative singular)
ichor (accusative singular)
ichorem (instrumental singular)
ichorze (locative singular)
ichorze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ichor.

lbor

(Greek mythology) ichor (liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods)


arteria

arteria (nominative singular)
arterie (nominative plural)
arterii (genitive singular)
arterii (genitive plural)
arteryj (archaic genitive plural)
arterii (dative singular)
arteriom (dative plural)
arterię (accusative singular)
arterie (accusative plural)
arterią (instrumental singular)
arteriami (instrumental plural)
arterii (locative singular)
arteriach (locative plural)
arterio (singular vocative)
arterie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin artēria, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā).

(anatomy) artery (blood vessel from the heart)


gen

genowy (adjective)
gen (nominative singular)
geny (nominative plural)
genu (genitive singular)
genów (genitive plural)
genowi (dative singular)
genom (dative plural)
gen (accusative singular)
geny (accusative plural)
genem (instrumental singular)
genami (instrumental plural)
genie (locative singular)
genach (locative plural)
genie (singular vocative)
geny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English gene, French gène, German Gen, ultimately from Ancient Greek γενεᾱ́ (geneā́).

(genetics) gene (theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; it may take several values and, in principle, predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color)


fantom

fantom (nominative singular)
fantomy (nominative plural)
fantomu (genitive singular)
fantomów (genitive plural)
fantomowi (dative singular)
fantomom (dative plural)
fantom (accusative singular)
fantomy (accusative plural)
fantomem (instrumental singular)
fantomami (instrumental plural)
fantomie (locative singular)
fantomach (locative plural)
fantomie (singular vocative)
fantomy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French fantôme, from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma).


anapest

anapest (nominative singular)
anapesty (nominative plural)
anapestu (genitive singular)
anapestów (genitive plural)
anapestowi (dative singular)
anapestom (dative plural)
anapest (accusative singular)
anapesty (accusative plural)
anapestem (instrumental singular)
anapestami (instrumental plural)
anapeście (locative singular)
anapestach (locative plural)
anapeście (singular vocative)
anapesty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin anapaestus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπαιστος (anápaistos). First attested in 1817.

ref

Pamiętnik warszawski, czyli dziennik nauk i umieiętności (in Polish), numbers no. 2, 5, 1817, page 157


biblioteka

pl-noun

biblioteka f (diminutive biblioteczka, related adjective biblioteczny)

biblioteczka (diminutive)
biblioteczny (adjective)
biblioteka (nominative singular)
biblioteki (nominative plural)
biblioteki (genitive singular)
bibliotek (genitive plural)
bibliotece (dative singular)
bibliotekom (dative plural)
bibliotekę (accusative singular)
biblioteki (accusative plural)
biblioteką (instrumental singular)
bibliotekami (instrumental plural)
bibliotece (locative singular)
bibliotekach (locative plural)
biblioteko (singular vocative)
biblioteki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin bibliothēca.

lbor

(programming) library (collection of software routines for a program to use)


figura

figura (nominative singular)
figury (nominative plural)
figury (genitive singular)
figur (genitive plural)
figurze (dative singular)
figurom (dative plural)
figurę (accusative singular)
figury (accusative plural)
figurą (instrumental singular)
figurami (instrumental plural)
figurze (locative singular)
figurach (locative plural)
figuro (singular vocative)
figury (plural vocative)

(anatomy) figure (human figure; shape of human body)


kobold

kobold (nominative singular)
koboldy (nominative plural)
kobolda (genitive singular)
koboldów (genitive plural)
koboldowi (dative singular)
koboldom (dative plural)
kobolda (accusative singular)
koboldy (accusative plural)
koboldem (instrumental singular)
koboldami (instrumental plural)
koboldzie (locative singular)
koboldach (locative plural)
koboldzie (singular vocative)
koboldy (plural vocative)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (ambivalent, sometimes vindictive, spirit that is capable of materialising as an object or human, often a child)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household)


logogram

logogram (nominative singular)
logogramy (nominative plural)
logogramu (genitive singular)
logogramów (genitive plural)
logogramowi (dative singular)
logogramom (dative plural)
logogram (accusative singular)
logogramy (accusative plural)
logogramem (instrumental singular)
logogramami (instrumental plural)
logogramie (locative singular)
logogramach (locative plural)
logogramie (singular vocative)
logogramy (plural vocative)


imago

imago (nominative singular)
imaga (nominative plural)
imagines (nominative plural)
imaga (genitive singular)
imag (genitive plural)
imagu (dative singular)
imagom (dative plural)
imago (accusative singular)
imaga (accusative plural)
imagiem (instrumental singular)
imagami (instrumental plural)
imagu (locative singular)
imagach (locative plural)
imago (singular vocative)
imaga (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English imago, French imago, German Imago, ultimately from Latin imāgō. Doublet of image.

(psychoanalysis) imago (idealized concept of a loved one, formed in childhood and retained unconsciously into adult life, the basis for the psychological formation of personality archetypes)


procent

pl-noun

procent m inan (diminutive procencik, related adjective procentowy, abbreviation proc.)

procencik (diminutive)
procentowy (adjective)
proc. (abbreviation)
procent (nominative singular)
procenty (nominative plural)
procenta (genitive singular)
procentu (genitive singular)
procentów (genitive plural)
procentowi (dative singular)
procentom (dative plural)
procent (accusative singular)
procenty (accusative plural)
procentem (instrumental singular)
procentami (instrumental plural)
procencie (locative singular)
procentach (locative plural)
procencie (singular vocative)
procenty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: procent

Borrowed from German Prozent. First attested in the 18th century.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “procent”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(finance, mathematics) percent (one part per hundred; one percent, represented with the symbol %)


pangram

pangram (nominative singular)
pangramy (nominative plural)
pangramu (genitive singular)
pangramów (genitive plural)
pangramowi (dative singular)
pangramom (dative plural)
pangram (accusative singular)
pangramy (accusative plural)
pangramem (instrumental singular)
pangramami (instrumental plural)
pangramie (locative singular)
pangramach (locative plural)
pangramie (singular vocative)
pangramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English pangram, Spanish pangrama, French pangramme. By surface analysis, pan- + -gram.

(linguistics) pangram (sentence that contains every letter of the alphabet)


tabula rasa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin tabula rasa.

ubor

(philosophy) tabula rasa (the idea that the mind comes into the world as a blank state)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


doktor

pl-noun

doktor m pers (female equivalent doktor or doktorka, diminutive doktorek, abbreviation dr)

doktor (feminine)
doktorka (feminine)
doktorek (diminutive)
dr (abbreviation)
doktor (nominative singular)
doktorowie (nominative plural)
doktorzy (nominative plural)
doktora (genitive singular)
doktorów (genitive plural)
doktorowi (dative singular)
doktorom (dative plural)
doktora (accusative singular)
doktorów (accusative plural)
doktorem (instrumental singular)
doktorami (instrumental plural)
doktorze (locative singular)
doktorach (locative plural)
doktorze (singular vocative)
doktorowie (plural vocative)
doktorzy (plural vocative)
doktór (alternative colloquial regional)

→ Kashubian: doktór

(colloquial, medicine) physician, medical doctor


płaszcz

płaszczyk (diminutive)
płaszcz (nominative singular)
płaszcze (nominative plural)
płaszcza (genitive singular)
płaszczy (genitive plural)
płaszczów (genitive plural)
płaszczowi (dative singular)
płaszczom (dative plural)
płaszcz (accusative singular)
płaszcze (accusative plural)
płaszczem (instrumental singular)
płaszczami (instrumental plural)
płaszczu (locative singular)
płaszczach (locative plural)
płaszczu (singular vocative)
płaszcze (plural vocative)
płoszcz (alternative)


deltoid

deltoid (nominative singular)
deltoidy (nominative plural)
deltoidu (genitive singular)
deltoidów (genitive plural)
deltoidowi (dative singular)
deltoidom (dative plural)
deltoid (accusative singular)
deltoidy (accusative plural)
deltoidem (instrumental singular)
deltoidami (instrumental plural)
deltoidzie (locative singular)
deltoidach (locative plural)
deltoidzie (singular vocative)
deltoidy (plural vocative)


eudemonia

eudemonia (nominative singular)
eudemonii (genitive singular)
eudemonii (dative singular)
eudemonię (accusative singular)
eudemonią (instrumental singular)
eudemonii (locative singular)
eudemonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονία (eudaimonía).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) Alternative form of eudajmonia


gerundium

gerundium (nominative singular)
gerundia (nominative plural)
gerundium (genitive singular)
gerundiów (genitive plural)
gerundium (dative singular)
gerundiom (dative plural)
gerundium (accusative singular)
gerundia (accusative plural)
gerundium (instrumental singular)
gerundiami (instrumental plural)
gerundium (locative singular)
gerundiach (locative plural)
gerundium (singular vocative)
gerundia (plural vocative)


harmonika

harmonika (nominative singular)
harmoniki (nominative plural)
harmoniki (genitive singular)
harmonik (genitive plural)
harmonice (dative singular)
harmonikom (dative plural)
harmonikę (accusative singular)
harmoniki (accusative plural)
harmoniką (instrumental singular)
harmonikami (instrumental plural)
harmonice (locative singular)
harmonikach (locative plural)
harmoniko (singular vocative)
harmoniki (plural vocative)
marmulka (alternative)

Borrowed from German Harmonika, from Latin harmonicus, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονικός (harmonikós).


laptop

pl-noun

laptop m inan or m animal (related adjective laptopowy)

laptop m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
laptopowy (adjective)
laptop (nominative singular)
laptopy (nominative plural)
laptopa (genitive singular)
laptopu (genitive singular)
laptopów (genitive plural)
laptopowi (dative singular)
laptopom (dative plural)
laptop (accusative singular)
laptopa (accusative singular)
laptopy (accusative plural)
laptopem (instrumental singular)
laptopami (instrumental plural)
laptopie (locative singular)
laptopach (locative plural)
laptopie (singular vocative)
laptopy (plural vocative)

(computing) laptop, laptop computer (portable computer that is small enough and light enough to be used on one's lap, but large enough to have an integrated keyboard)


dr

dr (nominative singular)
drowie (nominative plural)
dra (genitive singular)
drów (genitive plural)
drowi (dative singular)
drom (dative plural)
dra (accusative singular)
drów (accusative plural)
drem (instrumental singular)
drami (instrumental plural)
drze (locative singular)
drach (locative plural)
drze (singular vocative)
drowie (plural vocative)
dr (nominative singular)
dr dr (nominative plural)
dr. (genitive singular)
dr. dr. (genitive plural)
dr. (dative singular)
dr. dr. (dative plural)
dr. (accusative singular)
dr. dr. (accusative plural)
dr. (instrumental singular)
dr. dr. (instrumental plural)
dr. (locative singular)
dr. dr. (locative plural)
dr. (singular vocative)
dr. dr. (plural vocative)


noga

noga f (diminutive nóżka, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożny)

nóżka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożny (adjective)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nóg (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
nogę (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogą (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, prosody) foot (basic measure of rhythm in a poem)


Horus

Horus (nominative singular)
Horusa (genitive singular)
Horusowi (dative singular)
Horusa (accusative singular)
Horusem (instrumental singular)
Horusie (locative singular)
Horusie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Horus (ancient Egyptian god of the sun, sky, war, and kingship, commonly depicted with the head of a falcon)


lanugo

Learned borrowing from Latin lānūgō. Doublet of flanela and wełna.


menhir

menhir (nominative singular)
menhiry (nominative plural)
menhiru (genitive singular)
menhirów (genitive plural)
menhirowi (dative singular)
menhirom (dative plural)
menhir (accusative singular)
menhiry (accusative plural)
menhirem (instrumental singular)
menhirami (instrumental plural)
menhirze (locative singular)
menhirach (locative plural)
menhirze (singular vocative)
menhiry (plural vocative)

(archaeology) menhir (single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times)


ideogram

ideogram (nominative singular)
ideogramy (nominative plural)
ideogramu (genitive singular)
ideogramów (genitive plural)
ideogramowi (dative singular)
ideogramom (dative plural)
ideogram (accusative singular)
ideogramy (accusative plural)
ideogramem (instrumental singular)
ideogramami (instrumental plural)
ideogramie (locative singular)
ideogramach (locative plural)
ideogramie (singular vocative)
ideogramy (plural vocative)


implant

implant (nominative singular)
implanty (nominative plural)
implantu (genitive singular)
implantów (genitive plural)
implantowi (dative singular)
implantom (dative plural)
implant (accusative singular)
implanty (accusative plural)
implantem (instrumental singular)
implantami (instrumental plural)
implancie (locative singular)
implantach (locative plural)
implancie (singular vocative)
implanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English implant, from Middle French implanter, from Latin implantō.

(medicine) implant (anything surgically implanted in the body)


jamb

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


zaimek

zaimek (nominative singular)
zaimki (nominative plural)
zaimka (genitive singular)
zaimków (genitive plural)
zaimkowi (dative singular)
zaimkom (dative plural)
zaimek (accusative singular)
zaimki (accusative plural)
zaimkiem (instrumental singular)
zaimkami (instrumental plural)
zaimku (locative singular)
zaimkach (locative plural)
zaimku (singular vocative)
zaimki (plural vocative)

From za- + imię + -ek. Calque of Latin prōnōmen.


restart

restart (nominative singular)
restarty (nominative plural)
restartu (genitive singular)
restartów (genitive plural)
restartowi (dative singular)
restartom (dative plural)
restart (accusative singular)
restarty (accusative plural)
restartem (instrumental singular)
restartami (instrumental plural)
restarcie (locative singular)
restartach (locative plural)
restarcie (singular vocative)
restarty (plural vocative)

(computing) restart (act of restarting a computer)


stela

stela (nominative singular)
stele (nominative plural)
steli (genitive singular)
stel (genitive plural)
steli (dative singular)
stelom (dative plural)
stelę (accusative singular)
stele (accusative plural)
stelą (instrumental singular)
stelami (instrumental plural)
steli (locative singular)
stelach (locative plural)
stelo (singular vocative)
stele (plural vocative)

(archaeology, sculpture) stele, stela (tall, slender stone monument)


obraz

obraz m inan (diminutive obrazek, related adjective obrazowy)

obrazek (diminutive)
obrazowy (adjective)
obraz (nominative singular)
obrazy (nominative plural)
obrazu (genitive singular)
obrazów (genitive plural)
obrazowi (dative singular)
obrazom (dative plural)
obraz (accusative singular)
obrazy (accusative plural)
obrazem (instrumental singular)
obrazami (instrumental plural)
obrazie (locative singular)
obrazach (locative plural)
obrazie (singular vocative)
obrazy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish obraz. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazić.

surf

Gadał dziad do obrazu, a obraz do niego ani razu

(mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)

(mathematics) image (subset of a codomain comprising those elements that are images of something)


melancholia

pl-noun

melancholia f (related adjective melancholiczny)

melancholiczny (adjective)
melancholia (nominative singular)
melancholie (nominative plural)
melancholii (genitive singular)
melancholii (genitive plural)
melancholij (archaic genitive plural)
melancholii (dative singular)
melancholiom (dative plural)
melancholię (accusative singular)
melancholie (accusative plural)
melancholią (instrumental singular)
melancholiami (instrumental plural)
melancholii (locative singular)
melancholiach (locative plural)
melancholio (singular vocative)
melancholie (plural vocative)
mankalija (alternative)
mankolia (alternative)
mankolija (alternative)
mankoliá (alternative)
menkolijá (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).


gaza

gazowy (adjective)
gaza (nominative singular)
gazy (nominative plural)
gazy (genitive singular)
gaz (genitive plural)
gazie (dative singular)
gazom (dative plural)
gazę (accusative singular)
gazy (accusative plural)
gazą (instrumental singular)
gazami (instrumental plural)
gazie (locative singular)
gazach (locative plural)
gazo (singular vocative)
gazy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gaze, from Arabic قَزّ (qazz).

(medicine) gauze (cotton fabric used as surgical dressing)


delirium

delirium (nominative singular)
deliria (nominative plural)
delirium (genitive singular)
deliriów (genitive plural)
delirium (dative singular)
deliriom (dative plural)
delirium (accusative singular)
deliria (accusative plural)
delirium (instrumental singular)
deliriami (instrumental plural)
delirium (locative singular)
deliriach (locative plural)
delirium (singular vocative)
deliria (plural vocative)

(pathology) delirium (mental state of confusion)


abulia

abulia (nominative singular)
abulii (genitive singular)
abulii (dative singular)
abulię (accusative singular)
abulią (instrumental singular)
abulii (locative singular)
abulio (singular vocative)
abulja (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀβουλία (aboulía). First attested in 1842.

ref

Józef Majer (1842) Niemiecko-polski słownik wyrazów lekarskich, page 87


soliton

soliton (nominative singular)
solitony (nominative plural)
solitonu (genitive singular)
solitonów (genitive plural)
solitonowi (dative singular)
solitonom (dative plural)
soliton (accusative singular)
solitony (accusative plural)
solitonem (instrumental singular)
solitonami (instrumental plural)
solitonie (locative singular)
solitonach (locative plural)
solitonie (singular vocative)
solitony (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English soliton, French soliton, Italian solitone.


mastaba

mastaba (nominative singular)
mastaby (nominative plural)
mastaby (genitive singular)
mastab (genitive plural)
mastabie (dative singular)
mastabom (dative plural)
mastabę (accusative singular)
mastaby (accusative plural)
mastabą (instrumental singular)
mastabami (instrumental plural)
mastabie (locative singular)
mastabach (locative plural)
mastabo (singular vocative)
mastaby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْطَبَة (miṣṭaba).

bor+

(archaeology) mastaba (rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that were situated on flat land)


Bluetooth

Unadapted borrowing from English Bluetooth, a calque from Old Norse Blátǫnn.

ubor

(networking) Bluetooth (personal area wireless network)


ikra

ikra (nominative singular)
ikry (genitive singular)
ikrze (dative singular)
ikrę (accusative singular)
ikrą (instrumental singular)
ikrze (locative singular)
ikro (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьkra. Doublet of kra.

(Central Greater Poland, anatomy) Synonym of łydka


kosz

koszyk (diminutive)
kosz (nominative singular)
kosze (nominative plural)
kosza (genitive singular)
koszy (genitive plural)
koszów (genitive plural)
koszowi (dative singular)
koszom (dative plural)
kosz (accusative singular)
kosze (accusative plural)
koszem (instrumental singular)
koszami (instrumental plural)
koszu (locative singular)
koszach (locative plural)
koszu (singular vocative)
kosze (plural vocative)


potok

potoczek (diminutive)
potok (nominative singular)
potoki (nominative plural)
potoku (genitive singular)
potoków (genitive plural)
potokowi (dative singular)
potokom (dative plural)
potok (accusative singular)
potoki (accusative plural)
potokiem (instrumental singular)
potokami (instrumental plural)
potoku (locative singular)
potokach (locative plural)
potoku (singular vocative)
potoki (plural vocative)


scholia

scholia (nominative plural)
scholiów (genitive plural)
scholiom (dative plural)
scholia (accusative plural)
scholiami (instrumental plural)
scholiach (locative plural)
scholia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σχόλῐᾰ (skhólĭă).

lbor

(linguistics) scholia (commentaries written in the margins of Greek and Latin manuscripts)


receptor

receptor (nominative singular)
receptorzy (nominative plural)
receptory (derogatory nominative plural)
receptora (genitive singular)
receptorów (genitive plural)
receptorowi (dative singular)
receptorom (dative plural)
receptora (accusative singular)
receptorów (accusative plural)
receptorem (instrumental singular)
receptorami (instrumental plural)
receptorze (locative singular)
receptorach (locative plural)
receptorze (singular vocative)
receptorzy (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, medicine) sensory receptor (protein on a cell wall that responds to sensory stimuli)


alter ego

Learned borrowing from Latin alter egō̆.

(psychology, psychiatry) alter ego (individual's alternate personality or persona; another self)


liść

listek (diminutive)
liść (nominative singular)
liście (nominative plural)
liścia (genitive singular)
liści (genitive plural)
liściowi (dative singular)
liściom (dative plural)
liść (accusative singular)
liście (accusative plural)
liściem (instrumental singular)
liśćmi (instrumental plural)
liściu (locative singular)
liściach (locative plural)
liściu (singular vocative)
liście (plural vocative)

Back-formation from liście, from Proto-Slavic *listьje (“foliage”), from *listъ (“leaf”), whence list (“letter”).


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


sonda

sonda (nominative singular)
sondy (nominative plural)
sondy (genitive singular)
sond (genitive plural)
sondzie (dative singular)
sondom (dative plural)
sondę (accusative singular)
sondy (accusative plural)
sondą (instrumental singular)
sondami (instrumental plural)
sondzie (locative singular)
sondach (locative plural)
sondo (singular vocative)
sondy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sonde, from Middle French, from Old French sonde, from Old English sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)-.


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Middle Polish, philosophy) form (in Aristotle's philosophy, the principle that shapes matter into a specific being)


serce

pl-noun

serce n (diminutive serduszko, augmentative serducho, related adjective sercowy)

serduszko (diminutive)
serducho (augmentative)
sercowy (adjective)
serce (nominative singular)
serca (nominative plural)
serca (genitive singular)
serc (genitive plural)
sercu (dative singular)
sercom (dative plural)
serce (accusative singular)
serca (accusative plural)
sercem (instrumental singular)
sercami (instrumental plural)
sercu (locative singular)
sercach (locative plural)
serce (singular vocative)
serca (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

(anatomy) heart (muscular organ that pumps blood through the body)

(anatomy) heart (part of the chest on its left side at the level of the heart - the organ)


usta

usta nvir pl (diminutive ustka, related adjective ustny)

ustka (diminutive)
ustny (adjective)
usta (nominative plural)
ust (genitive plural)
ustom (dative plural)
usta (accusative plural)
ustami (instrumental plural)
ustach (locative plural)
usta (plural vocative)


sekunda

sekundka (diminutive)
sekunda (nominative singular)
sekundy (nominative plural)
sekundy (genitive singular)
sekund (genitive plural)
sekundzie (dative singular)
sekundom (dative plural)
sekundę (accusative singular)
sekundy (accusative plural)
sekundą (instrumental singular)
sekundami (instrumental plural)
sekundzie (locative singular)
sekundach (locative plural)
sekundo (singular vocative)
sekundy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin (pars horae minuta) secunda.

lbor

(geometry) arcsecond (1/3600th of a degree)


ciało

pl-noun

ciało n (diminutive ciałko, augmentative cielsko, related adjective cielesny)

ciałko (diminutive)
cielsko (augmentative)
cielesny (adjective)
ciało (nominative singular)
ciała (nominative plural)
ciała (genitive singular)
ciał (genitive plural)
ciału (dative singular)
ciałom (dative plural)
ciało (accusative singular)
ciała (accusative plural)
ciałem (instrumental singular)
ciałami (instrumental plural)
ciele (locative singular)
ciałach (locative plural)
ciało (singular vocative)
ciała (plural vocative)
ciele (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish ciało. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) and Latin corpus. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Latin corpus. Sense 7 is a semantic loan from French corps.

sl

(mathematics) field (algebraic structure)


broda

bródka (diminutive)
broda (nominative singular)
brody (nominative plural)
brody (genitive singular)
bród (genitive plural)
brodzie (dative singular)
brodom (dative plural)
brodę (accusative singular)
brody (accusative plural)
brodą (instrumental singular)
brodami (instrumental plural)
brodzie (locative singular)
brodach (locative plural)
brodo (singular vocative)
brody (plural vocative)


pacha

pl-noun

pacha f (diminutive paszka, related adjective pachowy)

paszka (diminutive)
pachowy (adjective)
pacha (nominative singular)
pachy (nominative plural)
pachy (genitive singular)
pach (genitive plural)
pasze (dative singular)
pachom (dative plural)
pachę (accusative singular)
pachy (accusative plural)
pachą (instrumental singular)
pachami (instrumental plural)
pasze (locative singular)
pachach (locative plural)
pacho (singular vocative)
pachy (plural vocative)
pocha (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *paxъ /*paxa.

inh+

(anatomy) armpit
armpit (part of clothing under the arm)


kuku

(childish, pathology) boo-boo (minor injury)


Helena

Helenka (diminutive)
Hela (diminutive)
Helena (nominative singular)
Heleny (nominative plural)
Heleny (genitive singular)
Helen (genitive plural)
Helenie (dative singular)
Helenom (dative plural)
Helenę (accusative singular)
Heleny (accusative plural)
Heleną (instrumental singular)
Helenami (instrumental plural)
Helenie (locative singular)
Helenach (locative plural)
Heleno (singular vocative)
Heleny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (goddess worshipped in Laconia and Rhodes)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War)


telomer

telomer (nominative singular)
telomery (nominative plural)
telomeru (genitive singular)
telomerów (genitive plural)
telomerowi (dative singular)
telomerom (dative plural)
telomer (accusative singular)
telomery (accusative plural)
telomerem (instrumental singular)
telomerami (instrumental plural)
telomerze (locative singular)
telomerach (locative plural)
telomerze (singular vocative)
telomery (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) + μέρος (méros).

(genetics) telomere (either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome)


jer

jer (nominative singular)
jery (nominative plural)
jeru (genitive singular)
jerów (genitive plural)
jerowi (dative singular)
jerom (dative plural)
jer (accusative singular)
jery (accusative plural)
jerem (instrumental singular)
jerami (instrumental plural)
jerze (locative singular)
jerach (locative plural)
jerze (singular vocative)
jery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ер (jer), from Old Church Slavonic ѥръ (jerŭ).


muskuł

muskułek (diminutive)
muskuł (nominative singular)
muskuły (nominative plural)
muskułu (genitive singular)
muskułów (genitive plural)
muskułowi (dative singular)
muskułom (dative plural)
muskuł (accusative singular)
muskuły (accusative plural)
muskułem (instrumental singular)
muskułami (instrumental plural)
muskule (locative singular)
muskułach (locative plural)
muskule (singular vocative)
muskuły (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mūsculus. Doublet of mul and muszla.


mięsień

mięsień (nominative singular)
mięśnie (nominative plural)
mięśnia (genitive singular)
mięśni (genitive plural)
mięśniowi (dative singular)
mięśniom (dative plural)
mięsień (accusative singular)
mięśnie (accusative plural)
mięśniem (instrumental singular)
mięśniami (instrumental plural)
mięśniu (locative singular)
mięśniach (locative plural)
mięśniu (singular vocative)
mięśnie (plural vocative)

/ˈmjɛw̃.ɕɛɲ/


otok

otok (nominative singular)
otoki (nominative plural)
otoku (genitive singular)
otoka (genitive singular)
otoków (genitive plural)
otokowi (dative singular)
otokom (dative plural)
otok (accusative singular)
otoki (accusative plural)
otokiem (instrumental singular)
otokami (instrumental plural)
otoku (locative singular)
otokach (locative plural)
otoku (singular vocative)
otoki (plural vocative)

(Kielce, pathology) Synonym of ropa (“pus”)


Midas

Midas (nominative singular)
Midasa (genitive singular)
Midasowi (dative singular)
Midasa (accusative singular)
Midasem (instrumental singular)
Midasie (locative singular)
Midasie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Midās, from Ancient Greek Μίδᾱς (Mídās), from Phrygian Μιδας (Midas).

(Greek mythology) Midas (king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold)


keloid

keloid (nominative singular)
keloidy (nominative plural)
keloidu (genitive singular)
keloidów (genitive plural)
keloidowi (dative singular)
keloidom (dative plural)
keloid (accusative singular)
keloidy (accusative plural)
keloidem (instrumental singular)
keloidami (instrumental plural)
keloidzie (locative singular)
keloidach (locative plural)
keloidzie (singular vocative)
keloidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English keloid, from French chéloïde, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “hoof”).


kość

pl-noun

kość f (diminutive kostka, augmentative kościsko, related adjective kostny)

kostka (diminutive)
kościsko (augmentative)
kostny (adjective)
kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościom (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kością (instrumental singular)
kośćmi (instrumental plural)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


blok

bloczek (diminutive)
blok (nominative singular)
bloki (nominative plural)
bloku (genitive singular)
bloków (genitive plural)
blokowi (dative singular)
blokom (dative plural)
blok (accusative singular)
bloki (accusative plural)
blokiem (instrumental singular)
blokami (instrumental plural)
bloku (locative singular)
blokach (locative plural)
bloku (singular vocative)
bloki (plural vocative)
bloch (alternative)

Borrowed from German Block. Sense 8 is a semantic loan from English code block, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English block, sense 10 is a semantic loan from English heart block, and sense 11 is a semantic loan from English engine block. First attested in 1782.

sl

(computing) code block (block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language)

blok serca

blok przedsionkowo-komorowy


granica

graniczny (adjective)
granica (nominative singular)
granice (nominative plural)
granicy (genitive singular)
granic (genitive plural)
granicy (dative singular)
granicom (dative plural)
granicę (accusative singular)
granice (accusative plural)
granicą (instrumental singular)
granicami (instrumental plural)
granicy (locative singular)
granicach (locative plural)
granico (singular vocative)
granice (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *granь
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas
Proto-Slavic *-ica
Proto-Slavic *granica
Old Polish granica
Polish granica
Inherited from Old Polish granica. By surface analysis, grań + -ica.

etymon

(mathematics) limit (value to which a sequence converges)


debil

pl-noun

debil m pers (female equivalent debilka)

debilka (feminine)
debil (nominative singular)
debile (nominative plural)
debila (genitive singular)
debili (genitive plural)
debilów (genitive plural)
debilowi (dative singular)
debilom (dative plural)
debila (accusative singular)
debili (accusative plural)
debilów (accusative plural)
debilem (instrumental singular)
debilami (instrumental plural)
debilu (locative singular)
debilach (locative plural)
debilu (singular vocative)
debile (plural vocative)

(obsolete, pathology) person with slight mental retardation


emulator

emulator (nominative singular)
emulatory (nominative plural)
emulatora (genitive singular)
emulatorów (genitive plural)
emulatorowi (dative singular)
emulatorom (dative plural)
emulator (accusative singular)
emulatory (accusative plural)
emulatorem (instrumental singular)
emulatorami (instrumental plural)
emulatorze (locative singular)
emulatorach (locative plural)
emulatorze (singular vocative)
emulatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English emulator, French émulateur, German Emulator, ultimately from Latin aemulātor.

(computing) emulator (piece of software or hardware that simulates another system)


dokument

dokument m inan (diminutive dokumencik, related adjective dokumentowy)

dokumencik (diminutive)
dokumentowy (adjective)
dokument (nominative singular)
dokumenty (nominative plural)
dokumenta (nominative plural)
dokumentu (genitive singular)
dokumentów (genitive plural)
dokumentowi (dative singular)
dokumentom (dative plural)
dokument (accusative singular)
dokumenty (accusative plural)
dokumenta (accusative plural)
dokumentem (instrumental singular)
dokumentami (instrumental plural)
dokumencie (locative singular)
dokumentach (locative plural)
dokumencie (singular vocative)
dokumenty (plural vocative)
dokumenta (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: dokùment

Learned borrowing from Latin documentum. First attested in 1564. Compare Silesian dokumynt.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dokument”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(computing) document (file that contains text)


astma

astma (nominative singular)
astmy (genitive singular)
astmie (dative singular)
astmę (accusative singular)
astmą (instrumental singular)
astmie (locative singular)
astmo (singular vocative)

Probably a learned borrowing from Latin asthma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma).


roaming

roaming (nominative singular)
roamingu (genitive singular)
roamingowi (dative singular)
roaming (accusative singular)
roamingiem (instrumental singular)
roamingu (locative singular)
roamingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English roaming.

ubor

(computing, telecommunications) roaming (using a cell phone outside of its original registering zone)


obszar

pl-noun

obszar m inan (related adjective obszarowy)

obszarowy (adjective)
obszar (nominative singular)
obszary (nominative plural)
obszaru (genitive singular)
obszarów (genitive plural)
obszarowi (dative singular)
obszarom (dative plural)
obszar (accusative singular)
obszary (accusative plural)
obszarem (instrumental singular)
obszarami (instrumental plural)
obszarze (locative singular)
obszarach (locative plural)
obszarze (singular vocative)
obszary (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: абшар (abšar)

→ Ukrainian: о́бшар (óbšar)

(topology) domain, region (non-empty connected open set in a topological space)


genom

genom (nominative singular)
genomy (nominative plural)
genomu (genitive singular)
genomów (genitive plural)
genomowi (dative singular)
genomom (dative plural)
genom (accusative singular)
genomy (accusative plural)
genomem (instrumental singular)
genomami (instrumental plural)
genomie (locative singular)
genomach (locative plural)
genomie (singular vocative)
genomy (plural vocative)

(genetics) genome (complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism)


panteizm

panteizm (nominative singular)
panteizmu (genitive singular)
panteizmowi (dative singular)
panteizm (accusative singular)
panteizmem (instrumental singular)
panteizmie (locative singular)
panteizmie (singular vocative)


ateizm

ateizm (nominative singular)
ateizmu (genitive singular)
ateizmowi (dative singular)
ateizm (accusative singular)
ateizmem (instrumental singular)
ateizmie (locative singular)
ateizmie (singular vocative)


atrofia

atrofia (nominative singular)
atrofii (genitive singular)
atrofii (dative singular)
atrofię (accusative singular)
atrofią (instrumental singular)
atrofii (locative singular)
atrofio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀτροφία (atrophía). By surface analysis, a- + -trofia.


glosa

glosa (nominative singular)
glosy (nominative plural)
glosy (genitive singular)
glos (genitive plural)
glosie (dative singular)
glosom (dative plural)
glosę (accusative singular)
glosy (accusative plural)
glosą (instrumental singular)
glosami (instrumental plural)
glosie (locative singular)
glosach (locative plural)
gloso (singular vocative)
glosy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glōssa, from Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă).

(lexicography) gloss (brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or complex expression)


panteon

panteon (nominative singular)
panteony (nominative plural)
panteonu (genitive singular)
panteonów (genitive plural)
panteonowi (dative singular)
panteonom (dative plural)
panteon (accusative singular)
panteony (accusative plural)
panteonem (instrumental singular)
panteonami (instrumental plural)
panteonie (locative singular)
panteonach (locative plural)
panteonie (singular vocative)
panteony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Pantheon, from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pántheion), neuter of πάνθειος (pántheios), from πᾶν (pân) + θείος (theíos), from θεός (theós).

(mythology) pantheon (all the gods of a particular religion)


renta

renta (nominative singular)
renty (nominative plural)
renty (genitive singular)
rent (genitive plural)
rencie (dative singular)
rentom (dative plural)
rentę (accusative singular)
renty (accusative plural)
rentą (instrumental singular)
rentami (instrumental plural)
rencie (locative singular)
rentach (locative plural)
rento (singular vocative)
renty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rente, from Old French rente, from Early Medieval Latin rendita.

pogoń za rentą

(rare, economics) rent; profit made from one's capital or wealth


suma

pl-noun

suma f (diminutive sumka, related adjective sumowy)

sumka (diminutive)
sumowy (adjective)
suma (nominative singular)
sumy (nominative plural)
sumy (genitive singular)
sum (genitive plural)
sumie (dative singular)
sumom (dative plural)
sumę (accusative singular)
sumy (accusative plural)
sumą (instrumental singular)
sumami (instrumental plural)
sumie (locative singular)
sumach (locative plural)
sumo (singular vocative)
sumy (plural vocative)

(mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)


chmura

chmura f (diminutive chmurka, augmentative chmurzysko)

chmurka (diminutive)
chmurzysko (augmentative)
chmura (nominative singular)
chmury (nominative plural)
chmury (genitive singular)
chmur (genitive plural)
chmurze (dative singular)
chmurom (dative plural)
chmurę (accusative singular)
chmury (accusative plural)
chmurą (instrumental singular)
chmurami (instrumental plural)
chmurze (locative singular)
chmurach (locative plural)
chmuro (singular vocative)
chmury (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xmura. Compare Belarusian, Ukrainian хмара (xmara).


łacina

łaciński (adjective)
łacina (nominative singular)
łaciny (genitive singular)
łacinie (dative singular)
łacinę (accusative singular)
łaciną (instrumental singular)
łacinie (locative singular)
łacino (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish łacina, from Latin (lingua) Latīna.

(colloquial, linguistics) vulgar, abusive words, insults, or curses


gdzie

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kú
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰe
Proto-Indo-European *kúdʰe
Proto-Balto-Slavic *kúde
Proto-Slavic *kъde
Old Polish gdzie
Polish gdzie
Inherited from Old Polish gdzie.

etymon

Gdzie x oznacza...

(sciences) where (used to specify the meaning of a variable)


imię

im. (abbreviation)
imię (nominative singular)
imiona (nominative plural)
imienia (genitive singular)
imion (genitive plural)
imieniu (dative singular)
imionom (dative plural)
imię (accusative singular)
imiona (accusative plural)
imieniem (instrumental singular)
imionami (instrumental plural)
imieniu (locative singular)
imionach (locative plural)
imię (singular vocative)
imiona (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish imię. Cognate with English name and English noun.

imię rzeczowne

imię pospolite

imię własne

imię przymiotne

imię liczbowe

(grammar, obsolete, except in set phrases) nominal (any term declining for case)


rodzina

pl-noun

rodzina f (diminutive rodzinka, related adjective rodzinny, abbreviation rodz.)

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzinny (adjective)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinom (dative plural)
rodzinę (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodziną (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, ród + -ina.

z rodziną najlepiej wychodzi się na zdjęciu

family (group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order)

(linguistics) family (group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language)


słowo

słówko (diminutive)
słowo (nominative singular)
słowa (nominative plural)
słowa (genitive singular)
słów (genitive plural)
słowu (dative singular)
słowom (dative plural)
słowo (accusative singular)
słowa (accusative plural)
słowem (instrumental singular)
słowami (instrumental plural)
słowy (instrumental plural)
słowie (locative singular)
słowach (locative plural)
słowo (singular vocative)
słowa (plural vocative)

(computing) word (fixed-size group of bits handled as a unit by a machine and which can be stored in or retrieved from a typical register so that it has the same size as such a register)

(grammar, dated) verb (word that indicates an action, event, or state of being)


czas

czas (nominative singular)
czasy (nominative plural)
czasu (genitive singular)
czasów (genitive plural)
czasowi (dative singular)
czasom (dative plural)
czas (accusative singular)
czasy (accusative plural)
czasem (instrumental singular)
czasami (instrumental plural)
czasy (instrumental plural)
czasie (locative singular)
czasach (locative plural)
czasie (singular vocative)
czasy (plural vocative)


ascendent

ascendent (nominative singular)
ascendenty (nominative plural)
ascendentu (genitive singular)
ascendentów (genitive plural)
ascendentowi (dative singular)
ascendentom (dative plural)
ascendent (accusative singular)
ascendenty (accusative plural)
ascendentem (instrumental singular)
ascendentami (instrumental plural)
ascendencie (locative singular)
ascendentach (locative plural)
ascendencie (singular vocative)
ascendenty (plural vocative)
ascedent (alternative archaic)


fraktal

fraktal (nominative singular)
fraktale (nominative plural)
fraktalu (genitive singular)
fraktali (genitive plural)
fraktalowi (dative singular)
fraktalom (dative plural)
fraktal (accusative singular)
fraktale (accusative plural)
fraktalem (instrumental singular)
fraktalami (instrumental plural)
fraktalu (locative singular)
fraktalach (locative plural)
fraktalu (singular vocative)
fraktale (plural vocative)

(geometry) fractal (self-similar geometric figure)


aparat

aparat m inan (diminutive aparacik, related adjective aparatowy)

aparacik (diminutive)
aparatowy (adjective)
aparat (nominative singular)
aparaty (nominative plural)
aparatu (genitive singular)
aparatów (genitive plural)
aparatowi (dative singular)
aparatom (dative plural)
aparat (accusative singular)
aparaty (accusative plural)
aparatem (instrumental singular)
aparatami (instrumental plural)
aparacie (locative singular)
aparatach (locative plural)
aparacie (singular vocative)
aparaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin apparātus. First attested in 1549.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aparat”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

aparat słuchowy

(medicine) device (tool that helps someone with a defect or after a disease)


native speaker

pl-noun

native speaker m pers (female equivalent native speakerka)

native speakerka (feminine)
native speaker (nominative singular)
native speakerzy (nominative plural)
native speakery (derogatory nominative plural)
native speakera (genitive singular)
native speakerów (genitive plural)
native speakerowi (dative singular)
native speakerom (dative plural)
native speakera (accusative singular)
native speakerów (accusative plural)
native speakerem (instrumental singular)
native speakerami (instrumental plural)
native speakerze (locative singular)
native speakerach (locative plural)
native speakerze (singular vocative)
native speakerzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English native speaker.


moda

moda (nominative singular)
mody (nominative plural)
mody (genitive singular)
mód (genitive plural)
modzie (dative singular)
modom (dative plural)
modę (accusative singular)
mody (accusative plural)
modą (instrumental singular)
modami (instrumental plural)
modzie (locative singular)
modach (locative plural)
modo (singular vocative)
mody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French mode, from Latin modus.