Agamemnon

Agamemnon (nominative singular)
Agamemnona (genitive singular)
Agamemnonowi (dative singular)
Agamemnona (accusative singular)
Agamemnonem (instrumental singular)
Agamemnonie (locative singular)
Agamemnonie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Agamemnōn, from Ancient Greek Ἀγαμέμνων (Agamémnōn).

(Greek mythology) Agamemnon (son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus, famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war)


biofeedback

biofeedback (nominative singular)
biofeedbacku (genitive singular)
biofeedbackowi (dative singular)
biofeedback (accusative singular)
biofeedbackiem (instrumental singular)
biofeedbacku (locative singular)
biofeedbacku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English biofeedback. By surface analysis, bio- + feedback. First attested in 1976.

ubor

technika biofeedbacku

(physiology, psychiatry, psychology) biofeedback (technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will)


adynamia

adynamia (nominative singular)
adynamii (genitive singular)
adynamii (dative singular)
adynamię (accusative singular)
adynamią (instrumental singular)
adynamii (locative singular)
adynamio (singular vocative)
adynamja (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀδύναμος (adúnamos). By surface analysis, a- + dynamo- + -ia. First attested in 1816.

ref

August Ferdynand Wolff (1816) Rys sztuki leczenia czyli terapia ogólna i szczególna. Cz. 1, Obeymuiąca terapią ogólną i główne formy chorób gorączkowych, page 308

(pathology) adynamia (lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease)


funktor

funktor (nominative singular)
funktory (nominative plural)
funktora (genitive singular)
funktorów (genitive plural)
funktorowi (dative singular)
funktorom (dative plural)
funktor (accusative singular)
funktory (accusative plural)
funktorem (instrumental singular)
funktorami (instrumental plural)
funktorze (locative singular)
funktorach (locative plural)
funktorze (singular vocative)
funktory (plural vocative)


purpura

purpura (nominative singular)
purpury (genitive singular)
purpurze (dative singular)
purpurę (accusative singular)
purpurą (instrumental singular)
purpurze (locative singular)
purpuro (singular vocative)


kalka

kalka (nominative singular)
kalki (nominative plural)
kalki (genitive singular)
kalk (genitive plural)
kalek (genitive plural)
kalce (dative singular)
kalkom (dative plural)
kalkę (accusative singular)
kalki (accusative plural)
kalką (instrumental singular)
kalkami (instrumental plural)
kalce (locative singular)
kalkach (locative plural)
kalko (singular vocative)
kalki (plural vocative)


wiatr

pl-noun

wiatr m inan (diminutive wietrzyk or wiaterek, augmentative wietrzysko, related adjective wietrzny)

wietrzyk (diminutive)
wiaterek (diminutive)
wietrzysko (augmentative)
wietrzny (adjective)
wiatr (nominative singular)
wiatry (nominative plural)
wiatru (genitive singular)
wiatrów (genitive plural)
wiatrowi (dative singular)
wiatrom (dative plural)
wiatr (accusative singular)
wiatry (accusative plural)
wiatrem (instrumental singular)
wiatrami (instrumental plural)
wietrze (locative singular)
wiatrach (locative plural)
wietrze (singular vocative)
wiatry (plural vocative)

(philosophy, alchemy) wind; air (one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans)


topos

topos (nominative singular)
toposy (nominative plural)
toposu (genitive singular)
toposów (genitive plural)
toposowi (dative singular)
toposom (dative plural)
topos (accusative singular)
toposy (accusative plural)
toposem (instrumental singular)
toposami (instrumental plural)
toposie (locative singular)
toposach (locative plural)
toposie (singular vocative)
toposy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos).

lbor

(category theory) topos, elementary topos (Cartesian closed category which has a subobject classifier)


analogia

analogia (nominative singular)
analogie (nominative plural)
analogii (genitive singular)
analogii (genitive plural)
analogij (archaic genitive plural)
analogii (dative singular)
analogiom (dative plural)
analogię (accusative singular)
analogie (accusative plural)
analogią (instrumental singular)
analogiami (instrumental plural)
analogii (locative singular)
analogiach (locative plural)
analogio (singular vocative)
analogie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía). By surface analysis, ana- + -logia. First attested in 1593.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “analogija”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(grammar) analogy (correspondence of a word or phrase with the genius of a language)


antropologia

antropologia (nominative singular)
antropologii (genitive singular)
antropologii (dative singular)
antropologię (accusative singular)
antropologią (instrumental singular)
antropologii (locative singular)
antropologio (singular vocative)


autonomia

autonomia (nominative singular)
autonomii (genitive singular)
autonomii (dative singular)
autonomię (accusative singular)
autonomią (instrumental singular)
autonomii (locative singular)
autonomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English autonomy, French autonomie, German Autonomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). By surface analysis, auto- + -nomia.

(philosophy) autonomy (the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision)


archeologia

archeol. (abbreviation)
archeologia (nominative singular)
archeologii (genitive singular)
archeologii (dative singular)
archeologię (accusative singular)
archeologią (instrumental singular)
archeologii (locative singular)
archeologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English archaeology, French archéologie, German Archäologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología). By surface analysis, archeo- + -logia.

der

(archaeology) archaeology (scientific study of past remains)


oktant

oktant (nominative singular)
oktanty (nominative plural)
oktantu (genitive singular)
oktantów (genitive plural)
oktantowi (dative singular)
oktantom (dative plural)
oktant (accusative singular)
oktanty (accusative plural)
oktantem (instrumental singular)
oktantami (instrumental plural)
oktancie (locative singular)
oktantach (locative plural)
oktancie (singular vocative)
oktanty (plural vocative)


personalia

personalia (nominative plural)
personaliów (genitive plural)
personaliom (dative plural)
personalia (accusative plural)
personaliami (instrumental plural)
personaliach (locative plural)
personalia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin persōnālia.


blastema

blastema (nominative singular)
blastemy (nominative plural)
blastemy (genitive singular)
blastem (genitive plural)
blastemie (dative singular)
blastemom (dative plural)
blastemę (accusative singular)
blastemy (accusative plural)
blastemą (instrumental singular)
blastemami (instrumental plural)
blastemie (locative singular)
blastemach (locative plural)
blastemo (singular vocative)
blastemy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βλάστημα (blástēma). First attested in 1824.


filozof

pl-noun

filozof m pers (female equivalent filozofka)

filozofka (feminine)
filozof (nominative singular)
filozofowie (nominative plural)
filozofy (derogatory nominative plural)
filozofa (genitive singular)
filozofów (genitive plural)
filozofowi (dative singular)
filozofom (dative plural)
filozofa (accusative singular)
filozofów (accusative plural)
filozofem (instrumental singular)
filozofami (instrumental plural)
filozofie (locative singular)
filozofach (locative plural)
filozofie (singular vocative)
filozofowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin philosophus.

lbor

(philosophy) philosopher (person devoted to studying philosophy)


klik

klik (nominative singular)
kliki (nominative plural)
kliku (genitive singular)
klików (genitive plural)
klikowi (dative singular)
klikom (dative plural)
klik (accusative singular)
kliki (accusative plural)
klikiem (instrumental singular)
klikami (instrumental plural)
kliku (locative singular)
klikach (locative plural)
kliku (singular vocative)
kliki (plural vocative)

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(colloquial, graphical user interface) click (act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software)


morfologia

morfologia (nominative singular)
morfologie (nominative plural)
morfologii (genitive singular)
morfologii (genitive plural)
morfologij (archaic genitive plural)
morfologii (dative singular)
morfologiom (dative plural)
morfologię (accusative singular)
morfologie (accusative plural)
morfologią (instrumental singular)
morfologiami (instrumental plural)
morfologii (locative singular)
morfologiach (locative plural)
morfologio (singular vocative)
morfologie (plural vocative)

complete blood count
complete blood count


formant

formant (nominative singular)
formanty (nominative plural)
formantu (genitive singular)
formantów (genitive plural)
formantowi (dative singular)
formantom (dative plural)
formant (accusative singular)
formanty (accusative plural)
formantem (instrumental singular)
formantami (instrumental plural)
formancie (locative singular)
formantach (locative plural)
formancie (singular vocative)
formanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns.

(acoustics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies)

(linguistic morphology) formative (language unit, typically a morph, that has a morphological function)


aneuploid

aneuploid (nominative singular)
aneuploidy (nominative plural)
aneuploidu (genitive singular)
aneuploidów (genitive plural)
aneuploidowi (dative singular)
aneuploidom (dative plural)
aneuploid (accusative singular)
aneuploidy (accusative plural)
aneuploidem (instrumental singular)
aneuploidami (instrumental plural)
aneuploidzie (locative singular)
aneuploidach (locative plural)
aneuploidzie (singular vocative)
aneuploidy (plural vocative)

From an- + eu- + -ploid. First attested in 1942.

ref

aneuploid in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(genetics) aneuploid (a cell or an organism having an incorrect amount of chromosomes)


Eos

Learned borrowing from Latin Ēōs. Doublet of aurora.

(Greek mythology) Eos (Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi, and the five Astra Planeta; equivalent of the Roman Aurora)


Anubis

Anubis (nominative singular)
Anubisa (genitive singular)
Anubisowi (dative singular)
Anubisa (accusative singular)
Anubisem (instrumental singular)
Anubisie (locative singular)
Anubisie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Anubis (ancient Egyptian god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal)


tapeta

tapetka (diminutive)
tapeta (nominative singular)
tapety (nominative plural)
tapety (genitive singular)
tapet (genitive plural)
tapecie (dative singular)
tapetom (dative plural)
tapetę (accusative singular)
tapety (accusative plural)
tapetą (instrumental singular)
tapetami (instrumental plural)
tapecie (locative singular)
tapetach (locative plural)
tapeto (singular vocative)
tapety (plural vocative)


gastrula

gastrula (nominative singular)
gastrule (nominative plural)
gastruli (genitive singular)
gastrul (genitive plural)
gastruli (dative singular)
gastrulom (dative plural)
gastrulę (accusative singular)
gastrule (accusative plural)
gastrulą (instrumental singular)
gastrulami (instrumental plural)
gastruli (locative singular)
gastrulach (locative plural)
gastrulo (singular vocative)
gastrule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin gastrula.

lbor

faza/stadium gastruli

(embryology) gastrula (stage in the development of embryos of most animals consisting of a three-layered sac of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)


apatia

apatia (nominative singular)
apatii (genitive singular)
apatii (dative singular)
apatię (accusative singular)
apatią (instrumental singular)
apatii (locative singular)
apatio (singular vocative)
apatya (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French apathie, from Latin apathīa, from Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia). By surface analysis, a- + -patia.


lobotomia

lobotomia (nominative singular)
lobotomii (genitive singular)
lobotomii (dative singular)
lobotomię (accusative singular)
lobotomią (instrumental singular)
lobotomii (locative singular)
lobotomio (singular vocative)


prostata

prostata (nominative singular)
prostaty (nominative plural)
prostaty (genitive singular)
prostat (genitive plural)
prostacie (dative singular)
prostatom (dative plural)
prostatę (accusative singular)
prostaty (accusative plural)
prostatą (instrumental singular)
prostatami (instrumental plural)
prostacie (locative singular)
prostatach (locative plural)
prostato (singular vocative)
prostaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French prostate, from Medieval Latin prostata, from Ancient Greek προστάτης (prostátēs), from πρό (pró) + ἵστημι (hístēmi).


terapia

terapia (nominative singular)
terapii (genitive singular)
terapii (dative singular)
terapię (accusative singular)
terapią (instrumental singular)
terapii (locative singular)
terapio (singular vocative)


ontologia

ontologia (nominative singular)
ontologii (genitive singular)
ontologii (dative singular)
ontologię (accusative singular)
ontologią (instrumental singular)
ontologii (locative singular)
ontologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ontology, French ontologie, German Ontologie, ultimately from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos). By surface analysis, onto- + -logia.

(philosophy) ontology (branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist)

(computer science, information science) ontology (system model in computer science)


deuteranopia

deuteranopia (nominative singular)
deuteranopii (genitive singular)
deuteranopii (dative singular)
deuteranopię (accusative singular)
deuteranopią (instrumental singular)
deuteranopii (locative singular)
deuteranopio (singular vocative)


entropia

entropia (nominative singular)
entropii (genitive singular)
entropii (dative singular)
entropię (accusative singular)
entropią (instrumental singular)
entropii (locative singular)
entropio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English entropy, French entropie, German Entropie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon) + τροπή (tropḗ).

(information theory) entropy (measure of the amount of information in a signal)


patologia

patologia (nominative singular)
patologie (nominative plural)
patologii (genitive singular)
patologii (genitive plural)
patologij (archaic genitive plural)
patologii (dative singular)
patologiom (dative plural)
patologię (accusative singular)
patologie (accusative plural)
patologią (instrumental singular)
patologiami (instrumental plural)
patologii (locative singular)
patologiach (locative plural)
patologio (singular vocative)
patologie (plural vocative)

(medicine) pathology (branch of medicine)

(medicine) pathology (medical specialty)


blastula

blastula (nominative singular)
blastule (nominative plural)
blastuli (genitive singular)
blastul (genitive plural)
blastuli (dative singular)
blastulom (dative plural)
blastulę (accusative singular)
blastule (accusative plural)
blastulą (instrumental singular)
blastulami (instrumental plural)
blastuli (locative singular)
blastulach (locative plural)
blastulo (singular vocative)
blastule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin blastula. First attested in 1879.

faza/stadium blastuli

(embryology) blastula (early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid)


franca

franca (nominative singular)
france (nominative plural)
francy (genitive singular)
franc (genitive plural)
francy (dative singular)
francom (dative plural)
francę (accusative singular)
france (accusative plural)
francą (instrumental singular)
francami (instrumental plural)
francy (locative singular)
francach (locative plural)
franco (singular vocative)
france (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Franze, Franzose, from Middle High German franzōse, franzoise, from Old French françois. Doublet of Francja and Francuz.

(colloquial, pathology) nagging, chronic illness

(colloquial, dermatology) pimple, pustule


kosmos

kosmos (nominative singular)
kosmosu (genitive singular)
kosmosowi (dative singular)
kosmos (accusative singular)
kosmosem (instrumental singular)
kosmosie (locative singular)
kosmosie (singular vocative)
Kosmos (alternative)

Internationalism; compare English cosmos, French cosmos, German Kosmos, ultimately from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos).

(philosophy) cosmos (whole world, in the sense of perspective or social setting)


afta

afta (nominative singular)
afty (nominative plural)
afty (genitive singular)
aft (genitive plural)
afcie (dative singular)
aftom (dative plural)
aftę (accusative singular)
afty (accusative plural)
aftą (instrumental singular)
aftami (instrumental plural)
afcie (locative singular)
aftach (locative plural)
afto (singular vocative)
afty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French aphte. First attested in 1807.

(chiefly in the plural, dentistry, pathology) aphtha, canker sore, aphthous ulcer (ulcer in the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane)


abrakadabra

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(occult) abracadabra! (said by performing magician to indicate the moment of performing a magical trick or illusion)


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, occult) charm cast on amulets


palec

pl-noun

palec m inan (diminutive paluszek, augmentative paluch, related adjective palcowy)

paluszek (diminutive)
paluch (augmentative)
palcowy (adjective)
palec (nominative singular)
palce (nominative plural)
palca (genitive singular)
palców (genitive plural)
palcowi (dative singular)
palcom (dative plural)
palec (accusative singular)
palce (accusative plural)
palcem (instrumental singular)
palcami (instrumental plural)
palcu (locative singular)
palcach (locative plural)
palcu (singular vocative)
palce (plural vocative)
palic (alternative)

(Middle Polish, astronomy, geometry) uncia (unit of length equal to 1/12 of the diameter)


monoteizm

monoteizm (nominative singular)
monoteizmu (genitive singular)
monoteizmowi (dative singular)
monoteizm (accusative singular)
monoteizmem (instrumental singular)
monoteizmie (locative singular)
monoteizmie (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: politeizm


ametropia

ametropia (nominative singular)
ametropii (genitive singular)
ametropii (dative singular)
ametropię (accusative singular)
ametropią (instrumental singular)
ametropii (locative singular)
ametropio (singular vocative)

From a- + Ancient Greek μετρος (metros, “measurable”) + -opia. First attested in 1867.

ref

Dodatek Kwartalny do Czasopisma Lekarskiego pod Tytułem Klinika. (1867) T.1, z.2 (in Polish), page 209

(medicine, pathology, ophthalmology) ametropia


hemeralopia

hemeralopia (nominative singular)
hemeralopii (genitive singular)
hemeralopii (dative singular)
hemeralopię (accusative singular)
hemeralopią (instrumental singular)
hemeralopii (locative singular)
hemeralopio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἡμέρα (hēméra) + Ancient Greek ἀλαός (alaós) + -opia.


stok

stoczek (diminutive)
stok (nominative singular)
stoki (nominative plural)
stoku (genitive singular)
stoków (genitive plural)
stokowi (dative singular)
stokom (dative plural)
stok (accusative singular)
stoki (accusative plural)
stokiem (instrumental singular)
stokami (instrumental plural)
stoku (locative singular)
stokach (locative plural)
stoku (singular vocative)
stoki (plural vocative)


idealista

pl-noun

idealista m pers (female equivalent idealistka)

idealistka (feminine)
idealista (nominative singular)
idealiści (nominative plural)
idealisty (derogatory nominative plural)
idealisty (genitive singular)
idealistów (genitive plural)
idealiście (dative singular)
idealistom (dative plural)
idealistę (accusative singular)
idealistów (accusative plural)
idealistą (instrumental singular)
idealistami (instrumental plural)
idealiście (locative singular)
idealistach (locative plural)
idealisto (singular vocative)
idealiści (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English idealist, French idéaliste, German Idealist, ultimately from Late Latin ideālis, from Latin idea + ālis, from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa). By surface analysis, ideał + -ista.

(philosophy) idealist (one who adheres to idealism)


alalia

alalia (nominative singular)
alalii (genitive singular)
alalii (dative singular)
alalię (accusative singular)
alalią (instrumental singular)
alalii (locative singular)
alalio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek αλαλία (alalía). By surface analysis, a- + -lalia. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alalia”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN


anuria

anuria (nominative singular)
anurii (genitive singular)
anurii (dative singular)
anurię (accusative singular)
anurią (instrumental singular)
anurii (locative singular)
anurio (singular vocative)


grupa

pl-noun

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

grupka (diminutive)
grupowy (adjective)
grupa (nominative singular)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grup (genitive plural)
grupie (dative singular)
grupom (dative plural)
grupę (accusative singular)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupą (instrumental singular)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupie (locative singular)
grupach (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: grupa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus. First attested in 1765.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(grammar) phrase (a word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, always containing an expressed or implied head (the principal word or subgroup, with core importance) and often consisting of a head plus some other elaborating words)

(group theory) group (a set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse)


embrion

pl-noun

embrion m inan (related adjective embrionalny)

embrionalny (adjective)
embrion (nominative singular)
embriony (nominative plural)
embrionu (genitive singular)
embrionów (genitive plural)
embrionowi (dative singular)
embrionom (dative plural)
embrion (accusative singular)
embriony (accusative plural)
embrionem (instrumental singular)
embrionami (instrumental plural)
embrionie (locative singular)
embrionach (locative plural)
embrionie (singular vocative)
embriony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔμβρυον (émbruon).

lbor

(embryology) embryo (fertilized egg before developing into a fetus)


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(mathematics) basis (linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space)

(topology) base (set of sets from which a topology is derived)

(linguistics) base (morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached)


Ida

Ida (nominative singular)
Idy (genitive singular)
Idzie (dative singular)
Idę (accusative singular)
Idą (instrumental singular)
Idzie (locative singular)
Ido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἴδη (Ídē).

lbor

(Greek mythology) Ida, Ide (one of the nurses of the infant Zeus on Crete)


azoospermia

azoospermia (nominative singular)
azoospermii (genitive singular)
azoospermii (dative singular)
azoospermię (accusative singular)
azoospermią (instrumental singular)
azoospermii (locative singular)
azoospermio (singular vocative)

From a- + zoo- + Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma).


katabasis

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek κατάβασις (katábasis).

ubor

(literature, mythology) katabasis (mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Bulgarian: карта (karta)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


semafor

pl-noun

semafor m inan (related adjective semaforowy)

semaforowy (adjective)
semafor (nominative singular)
semafory (nominative plural)
semafora (genitive singular)
semaforów (genitive plural)
semaforowi (dative singular)
semaforom (dative plural)
semafor (accusative singular)
semafory (accusative plural)
semaforem (instrumental singular)
semaforami (instrumental plural)
semaforze (locative singular)
semaforach (locative plural)
semaforze (singular vocative)
semafory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sémaphore. First attested in 1830.

(countable, computing) semaphore (bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes)


kapitalizm

kapitalizm (nominative singular)
kapitalizmu (genitive singular)
kapitalizmowi (dative singular)
kapitalizm (accusative singular)
kapitalizmem (instrumental singular)
kapitalizmie (locative singular)
kapitalizmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English capitalism, French capitalisme, German Kapitalismus.

(economics) capitalism (socio-economic system based on private property rights)


rekord

rekord (nominative singular)
rekordy (nominative plural)
rekordu (genitive singular)
rekordów (genitive plural)
rekordowi (dative singular)
rekordom (dative plural)
rekord (accusative singular)
rekordy (accusative plural)
rekordem (instrumental singular)
rekordami (instrumental plural)
rekordzie (locative singular)
rekordach (locative plural)
rekordzie (singular vocative)
rekordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English record, from Middle English, from Old French record, from recorder, from Vulgar Latin recordāre, from Latin recordārī.

(computing) record (set of data relating to a single individual or item)


kompleks

kompleks (nominative singular)
kompleksy (nominative plural)
kompleksu (genitive singular)
kompleksów (genitive plural)
kompleksowi (dative singular)
kompleksom (dative plural)
kompleks (accusative singular)
kompleksy (accusative plural)
kompleksem (instrumental singular)
kompleksami (instrumental plural)
kompleksie (locative singular)
kompleksach (locative plural)
kompleksie (singular vocative)
kompleksy (plural vocative)

(psychoanalysis) complex (psychologically based dislike or fear)


chipset

chipset (nominative singular)
chipsety (nominative plural)
chipsetu (genitive singular)
chipsetów (genitive plural)
chipsetowi (dative singular)
chipsetom (dative plural)
chipset (accusative singular)
chipsety (accusative plural)
chipsetem (instrumental singular)
chipsetami (instrumental plural)
chipsecie (locative singular)
chipsetach (locative plural)
chipsecie (singular vocative)
chipsety (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English chipset.

ubor

(computing, electronics) chipset (group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product)


korpus

pl-noun

korpus m inan (diminutive korpusik, related adjective korpusowy)

korpusik (diminutive)
korpusowy (adjective)
korpus (nominative singular)
korpusy (nominative plural)
korpusu (genitive singular)
korpusów (genitive plural)
korpusowi (dative singular)
korpusom (dative plural)
korpus (accusative singular)
korpusy (accusative plural)
korpusem (instrumental singular)
korpusami (instrumental plural)
korpusie (locative singular)
korpusach (locative plural)
korpusie (singular vocative)
korpusy (plural vocative)

(linguistics) corpus (collection of writings)


kosinus

kosinus m inan (related adjective kosinusowy)

kosinusowy (adjective)
kosinus (nominative singular)
kosinusy (nominative plural)
kosinusa (genitive singular)
kosinusu (genitive singular)
kosinusów (genitive plural)
kosinusowi (dative singular)
kosinusom (dative plural)
kosinus (accusative singular)
kosinusy (accusative plural)
kosinusem (instrumental singular)
kosinusami (instrumental plural)
kosinusie (locative singular)
kosinusach (locative plural)
kosinusie (singular vocative)
kosinusy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin cosinus.

lbor

(trigonometry) Alternative spelling of cosinus


tangens

pl-noun

tangens m inan (related adjective tangensowy)

tangensowy (adjective)
tangens (nominative singular)
tangensy (nominative plural)
tangensa (genitive singular)
tangensu (genitive singular)
tangensów (genitive plural)
tangensowi (dative singular)
tangensom (dative plural)
tangens (accusative singular)
tangensy (accusative plural)
tangensem (instrumental singular)
tangensami (instrumental plural)
tangensie (locative singular)
tangensach (locative plural)
tangensie (singular vocative)
tangensy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin tangēns.

lbor

(trigonometry) tangent (in a right triangle, the ratio of the sine to the cosine of an angle)


kotangens

pl-noun

kotangens m inan (related adjective kotangensowy)

kotangensowy (adjective)
kotangens (nominative singular)
kotangensy (nominative plural)
kotangensa (genitive singular)
kotangensu (genitive singular)
kotangensów (genitive plural)
kotangensowi (dative singular)
kotangensom (dative plural)
kotangens (accusative singular)
kotangensy (accusative plural)
kotangensem (instrumental singular)
kotangensami (instrumental plural)
kotangensie (locative singular)
kotangensach (locative plural)
kotangensie (singular vocative)
kotangensy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin cotangēns.

lbor

(trigonometry) Alternative spelling of cotangens


sekans

pl-noun

sekans m inan (related adjective sekansowy)

sekansowy (adjective)
sekans (nominative singular)
sekansy (nominative plural)
sekansa (genitive singular)
sekansu (genitive singular)
sekansów (genitive plural)
sekansowi (dative singular)
sekansom (dative plural)
sekans (accusative singular)
sekansy (accusative plural)
sekansem (instrumental singular)
sekansami (instrumental plural)
sekansie (locative singular)
sekansach (locative plural)
sekansie (singular vocative)
sekansy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin secāns.

(trigonometry) Alternative spelling of secans


egida

egida (nominative singular)
egidy (genitive singular)
egidzie (dative singular)
egidę (accusative singular)
egidą (instrumental singular)
egidzie (locative singular)
egido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aegida, accusative form of aegis, from Ancient Greek αἰγῐ́ς (aigĭ́s).

(Greek mythology) aegis (mythical shield of Zeus)


procedura

procedura (nominative singular)
procedury (nominative plural)
procedury (genitive singular)
procedur (genitive plural)
procedurze (dative singular)
procedurom (dative plural)
procedurę (accusative singular)
procedury (accusative plural)
procedurą (instrumental singular)
procedurami (instrumental plural)
procedurze (locative singular)
procedurach (locative plural)
proceduro (singular vocative)
procedury (plural vocative)

(computing) procedure (subroutine or function coded to perform a specific task)


metateza

metateza (nominative singular)
metatezy (nominative plural)
metatezy (genitive singular)
metatez (genitive plural)
metatezie (dative singular)
metatezom (dative plural)
metatezę (accusative singular)
metatezy (accusative plural)
metatezą (instrumental singular)
metatezami (instrumental plural)
metatezie (locative singular)
metatezach (locative plural)
metatezo (singular vocative)
metatezy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).

lbor

(linguistics) metathesis (the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word)


empatia

empatia (nominative singular)
empatii (genitive singular)
empatii (dative singular)
empatię (accusative singular)
empatią (instrumental singular)
empatii (locative singular)
empatio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English empathy, from Ancient Greek ἐμπάθεια (empátheia).

(psychology) empathy (intellectual identification with another person)


opona

pl-noun

opona f (diminutive oponka, related adjective oponowy)

oponka (diminutive)
oponowy (adjective)
opona (nominative singular)
opony (nominative plural)
opony (genitive singular)
opon (genitive plural)
oponie (dative singular)
oponom (dative plural)
oponę (accusative singular)
opony (accusative plural)
oponą (instrumental singular)
oponami (instrumental plural)
oponie (locative singular)
oponach (locative plural)
opono (singular vocative)
opony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *opona. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic опона (opona, “curtain”) and Czech opona (“theater curtain”).

cog

opona miękka

opona twarda

opona pajęcza

opona mózgowo-rdzeniowa


makaron

makaronik (diminutive)
makaron (nominative singular)
makarony (nominative plural)
makaronu (genitive singular)
makaronów (genitive plural)
makaronowi (dative singular)
makaronom (dative plural)
makaron (accusative singular)
makarony (accusative plural)
makaronem (instrumental singular)
makaronami (instrumental plural)
makaronie (locative singular)
makaronach (locative plural)
makaronie (singular vocative)
makarony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French macaroni, from Italian maccherone, from Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría), from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários).

(ironic, linguistics) macaronism (foreign, often Latin, word, phrase, or grammatical form inserted into a sentence in one's mother tongue)


proces

pl-noun

proces m inan (diminutive procesik, related adjective procesowy)

procesik (diminutive)
procesowy (adjective)
proces (nominative singular)
procesy (nominative plural)
procesu (genitive singular)
procesów (genitive plural)
procesowi (dative singular)
procesom (dative plural)
proces (accusative singular)
procesy (accusative plural)
procesem (instrumental singular)
procesami (instrumental plural)
procesie (locative singular)
procesach (locative plural)
procesie (singular vocative)
procesy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: proces

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Prozess or French procès, ultimately from Latin prōcessus. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “proces”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(sciences) process (series of physical or chemical changes causally related to each other)

(computing) process (executable task or program)


antonim

antonim (nominative singular)
antonimy (nominative plural)
antonimu (genitive singular)
antonimów (genitive plural)
antonimowi (dative singular)
antonimom (dative plural)
antonim (accusative singular)
antonimy (accusative plural)
antonimem (instrumental singular)
antonimami (instrumental plural)
antonimie (locative singular)
antonimach (locative plural)
antonimie (singular vocative)
antonimy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antonyme, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- + ὄνυμα (anti- + ónuma). By surface analysis, anty- + -onim.

der

ἀντι- + ὄνυμα


materializm

materializm (nominative singular)
materializmu (genitive singular)
materializmowi (dative singular)
materializm (accusative singular)
materializmem (instrumental singular)
materializmie (locative singular)
materializmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English materialism, French matérialisme, German Materialismus, ultimately from Latin māteriālis.


adaptogen

adaptogen (nominative singular)
adaptogeny (nominative plural)
adaptogenu (genitive singular)
adaptogenów (genitive plural)
adaptogenowi (dative singular)
adaptogenom (dative plural)
adaptogen (accusative singular)
adaptogeny (accusative plural)
adaptogenem (instrumental singular)
adaptogenami (instrumental plural)
adaptogenie (locative singular)
adaptogenach (locative plural)
adaptogenie (singular vocative)
adaptogeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian адаптоген (adaptogen), coined by Soviet toxicologist and pharmacologist Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev. By surface analysis, adaptować + -o- + -gen First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

alternative medicine
alternative medicine


urologia

urologia (nominative singular)
urologii (genitive singular)
urologii (dative singular)
urologię (accusative singular)
urologią (instrumental singular)
urologii (locative singular)
urologio (singular vocative)


dermatologia

dermatologia (nominative singular)
dermatologii (genitive singular)
dermatologii (dative singular)
dermatologię (accusative singular)
dermatologią (instrumental singular)
dermatologii (locative singular)
dermatologio (singular vocative)


genotyp

pl-noun

genotyp m inan (related adjective genotypowy)

genotypowy (adjective)
genotyp (nominative singular)
genotypy (nominative plural)
genotypu (genitive singular)
genotypów (genitive plural)
genotypowi (dative singular)
genotypom (dative plural)
genotyp (accusative singular)
genotypy (accusative plural)
genotypem (instrumental singular)
genotypami (instrumental plural)
genotypie (locative singular)
genotypach (locative plural)
genotypie (singular vocative)
genotypy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Genotyp. By surface analysis, geno- + typ.

(genetics) genotype (part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism)


faktor

faktor (nominative singular)
faktory (nominative plural)
faktoru (genitive singular)
faktorów (genitive plural)
faktorowi (dative singular)
faktorom (dative plural)
faktor (accusative singular)
faktory (accusative plural)
faktorem (instrumental singular)
faktorami (instrumental plural)
faktorze (locative singular)
faktorach (locative plural)
faktorze (singular vocative)
faktory (plural vocative)

pl:Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny

Learned borrowing from Latin factor. First attested in 1588. Compare Silesian faktōr.

(obsolete, mathematics) Synonym of czynnik (“factor”) (any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole)


fenomen

fenomen (nominative singular)
fenomeny (nominative plural)
fenomenu (genitive singular)
fenomenów (genitive plural)
fenomenowi (dative singular)
fenomenom (dative plural)
fenomen (accusative singular)
fenomeny (accusative plural)
fenomenem (instrumental singular)
fenomenami (instrumental plural)
fenomenie (locative singular)
fenomenach (locative plural)
fenomenie (singular vocative)
fenomeny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin phaenomenon, from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon).

lbor

(philosophy) phenomenon (observable fact or occurrence)


filtr

filtr (nominative singular)
filtry (nominative plural)
filtru (genitive singular)
filtrów (genitive plural)
filtrowi (dative singular)
filtrom (dative plural)
filtr (accusative singular)
filtry (accusative plural)
filtrem (instrumental singular)
filtrami (instrumental plural)
filtrze (locative singular)
filtrach (locative plural)
filtrze (singular vocative)
filtry (plural vocative)

(mathematics, order theory) filter (non-empty upper set (of a partially ordered set) which is closed under binary infima (a.k.a. meets))


pediatria

pediatria (nominative singular)
pediatrii (genitive singular)
pediatrii (dative singular)
pediatrię (accusative singular)
pediatrią (instrumental singular)
pediatrii (locative singular)
pediatrio (singular vocative)


pediatra

pediatra (nominative singular)
pediatrzy (nominative plural)
pediatry (derogatory nominative plural)
pediatry (genitive singular)
pediatrów (genitive plural)
pediatrze (dative singular)
pediatrom (dative plural)
pediatrę (accusative singular)
pediatrów (accusative plural)
pediatrą (instrumental singular)
pediatrami (instrumental plural)
pediatrze (locative singular)
pediatrach (locative plural)
pediatro (singular vocative)
pediatrzy (plural vocative)


ortopedia

ortopedia (nominative singular)
ortopedii (genitive singular)
ortopedii (dative singular)
ortopedię (accusative singular)
ortopedią (instrumental singular)
ortopedii (locative singular)
ortopedio (singular vocative)


andrologia

andrologia (nominative singular)
andrologii (genitive singular)
andrologii (dative singular)
andrologię (accusative singular)
andrologią (instrumental singular)
andrologii (locative singular)
andrologio (singular vocative)

From andro- + -logia. First attested in 1886.

ref

Alfred Obaliński (1886) Wykłady z zakresu chorób dróg moczowych męzkich (in Polish), page 2


geriatria

geriatria (nominative singular)
geriatrii (genitive singular)
geriatrii (dative singular)
geriatrię (accusative singular)
geriatrią (instrumental singular)
geriatrii (locative singular)
geriatrio (singular vocative)


geriatra

geriatra (nominative singular)
geriatrzy (nominative plural)
geriatry (derogatory nominative plural)
geriatry (genitive singular)
geriatrów (genitive plural)
geriatrze (dative singular)
geriatrom (dative plural)
geriatrę (accusative singular)
geriatrów (accusative plural)
geriatrą (instrumental singular)
geriatrami (instrumental plural)
geriatrze (locative singular)
geriatrach (locative plural)
geriatro (singular vocative)
geriatrzy (plural vocative)


neonatologia

neonatologia (nominative singular)
neonatologie (nominative plural)
neonatologii (genitive singular)
neonatologii (genitive plural)
neonatologij (archaic genitive plural)
neonatologii (dative singular)
neonatologiom (dative plural)
neonatologię (accusative singular)
neonatologie (accusative plural)
neonatologią (instrumental singular)
neonatologiami (instrumental plural)
neonatologii (locative singular)
neonatologiach (locative plural)
neonatologio (singular vocative)
neonatologie (plural vocative)

(uncountable, medicine) neonatology (branch of medicine that deals with newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant)


ogień

pl-noun

ogień m inan (diminutive ogienek or ogieniek, related adjective ogniowy)

ogienek (diminutive)
ogieniek (diminutive)
ogniowy (adjective)
ogień (nominative singular)
ognie (nominative plural)
ognia (genitive singular)
ogni (genitive plural)
ogniów (genitive plural)
ogniowi (dative singular)
ogniom (dative plural)
ogień (accusative singular)
ognie (accusative plural)
ogniem (instrumental singular)
ogniami (instrumental plural)
ogniu (locative singular)
ogniach (locative plural)
ogniu (singular vocative)
ognie (plural vocative)

(philosophy, alchemy) fire (one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans)

(uncountable, obsolete, pathology) dysentery


nefrologia

nefrologia (nominative singular)
nefrologii (genitive singular)
nefrologii (dative singular)
nefrologię (accusative singular)
nefrologią (instrumental singular)
nefrologii (locative singular)
nefrologio (singular vocative)


mediana

mediana (nominative singular)
mediany (nominative plural)
mediany (genitive singular)
median (genitive plural)
medianie (dative singular)
medianom (dative plural)
medianę (accusative singular)
mediany (accusative plural)
medianą (instrumental singular)
medianami (instrumental plural)
medianie (locative singular)
medianach (locative plural)
mediano (singular vocative)
mediany (plural vocative)


superata

superata (nominative singular)
superaty (nominative plural)
superaty (genitive singular)
superat (genitive plural)
superacie (dative singular)
superatom (dative plural)
superatę (accusative singular)
superaty (accusative plural)
superatą (instrumental singular)
superatami (instrumental plural)
superacie (locative singular)
superatach (locative plural)
superato (singular vocative)
superaty (plural vocative)

(economics) surplus, excess (surplus compared to planned profit and loss balance)


autarkia

Borrowed from Greek αυτάρκεια (aftárkeia).

bor+

(economics) autarky (national economic self-sufficiency)

(philosophy) autarchy (the state of personal self-sufficiency)


akromegalia

akromegalia (nominative singular)
akromegalii (genitive singular)
akromegalii (dative singular)
akromegalię (accusative singular)
akromegalią (instrumental singular)
akromegalii (locative singular)
akromegalio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acromegaly. Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron) and μέγας (mégas). First attested in 1891.

ref

Władysław Gajkiewicz (1891) O akromegalii, page Cover

akromegalia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(pathology) acromegaly (a chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland)


epidemiologia

epidemiologia (nominative singular)
epidemiologii (genitive singular)
epidemiologii (dative singular)
epidemiologię (accusative singular)
epidemiologią (instrumental singular)
epidemiologii (locative singular)
epidemiologio (singular vocative)


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)
ajtiologia (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

(medicine) aetiology (study or investigation of the causes of disease)

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


etnografia

etnografia (nominative singular)
etnografii (genitive singular)
etnografii (dative singular)
etnografię (accusative singular)
etnografią (instrumental singular)
etnografii (locative singular)
etnografio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ethnography. By surface analysis, etno- + -grafia.


etnologia

etnologia (nominative singular)
etnologii (genitive singular)
etnologii (dative singular)
etnologię (accusative singular)
etnologią (instrumental singular)
etnologii (locative singular)
etnologio (singular vocative)


komp

komp (nominative singular)
kompy (nominative plural)
kompa (genitive singular)
kompów (genitive plural)
kompowi (dative singular)
kompom (dative plural)
kompa (accusative singular)
kompy (accusative plural)
kompem (instrumental singular)
kompami (instrumental plural)
kompie (locative singular)
kompach (locative plural)
kompie (singular vocative)
kompy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, computing) comp, computer (programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media)


chirurg

chirurg (nominative singular)
chirurdzy (nominative plural)
chirurgi (derogatory nominative plural)
chirurga (genitive singular)
chirurgów (genitive plural)
chirurgowi (dative singular)
chirurgom (dative plural)
chirurga (accusative singular)
chirurgów (accusative plural)
chirurgiem (instrumental singular)
chirurgami (instrumental plural)
chirurgu (locative singular)
chirurgach (locative plural)
chirurgu (singular vocative)
chirurdzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin chīrūrgus, from Ancient Greek χειρουργός (kheirourgós).


udar

udar (nominative singular)
udary (nominative plural)
udaru (genitive singular)
udarów (genitive plural)
udarowi (dative singular)
udarom (dative plural)
udar (accusative singular)
udary (accusative plural)
udarem (instrumental singular)
udarami (instrumental plural)
udarze (locative singular)
udarach (locative plural)
udarze (singular vocative)
udary (plural vocative)


coaching

coaching (nominative singular)
coachingu (genitive singular)
coachingowi (dative singular)
coaching (accusative singular)
coachingiem (instrumental singular)
coachingu (locative singular)
coachingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English coaching.

ubor

(psychology) coaching (form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance)


finalista

pl-noun

finalista m pers (female equivalent finalistka, related adjective finalistyczny)

finalistka (feminine)
finalistyczny (adjective)
finalista (nominative singular)
finaliści (nominative plural)
finalisty (derogatory nominative plural)
finalisty (genitive singular)
finalistów (genitive plural)
finaliście (dative singular)
finalistom (dative plural)
finalistę (accusative singular)
finalistów (accusative plural)
finalistą (instrumental singular)
finalistami (instrumental plural)
finaliście (locative singular)
finalistach (locative plural)
finalisto (singular vocative)
finaliści (plural vocative)

(philosophy) finalist (supporter of finalism)


metodologia

metodologia (nominative singular)
metodologii (genitive singular)
metodologii (dative singular)
metodologię (accusative singular)
metodologią (instrumental singular)
metodologii (locative singular)
metodologio (singular vocative)

(sciences) methodology (study of methods)


eksport

eksport (nominative singular)
eksportu (genitive singular)
eksportowi (dative singular)
eksport (accusative singular)
eksportem (instrumental singular)
eksporcie (locative singular)
eksporcie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Export, from Latin exportātiō.

(economics) export (something brought to a foreign country)


architektura

archit. (abbreviation)
architektura (nominative singular)
architektury (genitive singular)
architekturze (dative singular)
architekturę (accusative singular)
architekturą (instrumental singular)
architekturze (locative singular)
architekturo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Architektur, from Latin architectūra.

(computing) architecture (specific model of a microchip or CPU)


arkana

arkana (nominative plural)
arkanów (genitive plural)
arkanom (dative plural)
arkana (accusative plural)
arkanami (instrumental plural)
arkanach (locative plural)
arkana (plural vocative)
arkany (alternative)

(occult) arcana (specialized knowledge that is mysterious to the uninitiated)


talia

talia (nominative singular)
talie (nominative plural)
talii (genitive singular)
talii (genitive plural)
talij (archaic genitive plural)
talii (dative singular)
taliom (dative plural)
talię (accusative singular)
talie (accusative plural)
talią (instrumental singular)
taliami (instrumental plural)
talii (locative singular)
taliach (locative plural)
talio (singular vocative)
talie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French taille, from Old French taille, from Latin tālea.

(anatomy) waist (part of the body between the pelvis and the stomach)


komin

komin m inan (diminutive kominek, related adjective kominowy)

kominek (diminutive)
kominowy (adjective)
komin (nominative singular)
kominy (nominative plural)
komina (genitive singular)
kominów (genitive plural)
kominowi (dative singular)
kominom (dative plural)
komin (accusative singular)
kominy (accusative plural)
kominem (instrumental singular)
kominami (instrumental plural)
kominie (locative singular)
kominach (locative plural)
kominie (singular vocative)
kominy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, economics) amount of some sums that is well above the average


maligna

maligna (nominative singular)
maligny (genitive singular)
malignie (dative singular)
malignę (accusative singular)
maligną (instrumental singular)
malignie (locative singular)
maligno (singular vocative)

(literary, medicine) high fever with disturbance of consciousness and delirium


klucz

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)

(linguistics) radical (element of a logogram)


osoba

osóbka (diminutive)
osoba (nominative singular)
osoby (nominative plural)
osoby (genitive singular)
osób (genitive plural)
osobie (dative singular)
osobom (dative plural)
osobę (accusative singular)
osoby (accusative plural)
osobą (instrumental singular)
osobami (instrumental plural)
osobie (locative singular)
osobach (locative plural)
osobo (singular vocative)
osoby (plural vocative)


refleks

refleks (nominative singular)
refleksy (nominative plural)
refleksu (genitive singular)
refleksów (genitive plural)
refleksowi (dative singular)
refleksom (dative plural)
refleks (accusative singular)
refleksy (accusative plural)
refleksem (instrumental singular)
refleksami (instrumental plural)
refleksie (locative singular)
refleksach (locative plural)
refleksie (singular vocative)
refleksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English reflex, from Late Latin reflexus.

(physiology) reflex (involuntary movement in response to a stimulus)


bęben

bęben m inan (diminutive bębenek, related adjective bębnowy)

bębenek (diminutive)
bębnowy (adjective)
bęben (nominative singular)
bębeny (nominative plural)
bębenu (genitive singular)
bębenów (genitive plural)
bębenowi (dative singular)
bębenom (dative plural)
bęben (accusative singular)
bębeny (accusative plural)
bębenem (instrumental singular)
bębenami (instrumental plural)
bębenie (locative singular)
bębenach (locative plural)
bębenie (singular vocative)
bębeny (plural vocative)

(obsolete, anatomy) eardrum (tympanic membrane)


czytać

pl-verb

czytać impf (determinate, frequentative czytywać)

czytywać (frequentative)
czytać (infinitive)
czytam (present singular)
czytamy (plural present)
czytasz (present singular)
czytacie (plural present)
czyta (present singular third-person)
czytają (plural present third-person)
czyta się (impersonal present)
czytałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m czytał (masculine past singular)
czytałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m czytała (feminine past singular)
czytałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m czytało (neuter past singular)
czytaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy czytali (past plural virile)
czytałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy czytały (nonvirile past plural)
czytałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś czytał (masculine past singular)
czytałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś czytała (feminine past singular)
czytałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś czytało (neuter past singular)
czytaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście czytali (past plural virile)
czytałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście czytały (nonvirile past plural)
czytał (masculine past singular third-person)
czytała (feminine past singular third-person)
czytało (neuter past singular third-person)
czytali (past plural third-person virile)
czytały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
czytano (impersonal past)
będę czytał (future masculine singular)
będę czytać (future masculine singular)
będę czytała (feminine future singular)
będę czytać (feminine future singular)
będę czytało (future neuter singular)
będę czytać (future neuter singular)
będziemy czytali (future plural virile)
będziemy czytać (future plural virile)
będziemy czytały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy czytać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz czytał (future masculine singular)
będziesz czytać (future masculine singular)
będziesz czytała (feminine future singular)
będziesz czytać (feminine future singular)
będziesz czytało (future neuter singular)
będziesz czytać (future neuter singular)
będziecie czytali (future plural virile)
będziecie czytać (future plural virile)
będziecie czytały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie czytać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie czytał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie czytać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie czytała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie czytać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie czytało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie czytać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą czytali (future plural third-person virile)
będą czytać (future plural third-person virile)
będą czytały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą czytać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie czytać się (future impersonal)
czytałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym czytał (conditional masculine singular)
czytałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym czytała (conditional feminine singular)
czytałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym czytało (conditional neuter singular)
czytalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy czytali (conditional plural virile)
czytałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy czytały (conditional nonvirile plural)
czytałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś czytał (conditional masculine singular)
czytałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś czytała (conditional feminine singular)
czytałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś czytało (conditional neuter singular)
czytalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście czytali (conditional plural virile)
czytałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście czytały (conditional nonvirile plural)
czytałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by czytał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
czytałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by czytała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
czytałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by czytało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
czytaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by czytali (conditional plural third-person virile)
czytałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by czytały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
czytano by (conditional impersonal)
niech czytam (imperative singular)
czytajmy (imperative plural)
czytaj (imperative singular)
czytajcie (imperative plural)
niech czyta (imperative singular third-person)
niech czytają (imperative plural third-person)
czytający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
czytająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
czytające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
czytający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
czytające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
czytany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
czytana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
czytane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
czytani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
czytane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
czytając (adjectival contemporary participle)
czytanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish czytać. By surface analysis, czyść + -ać.

(transitive, computing) to read (to fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.))


głos

pl-noun

głos m inan (diminutive głosik, related adjective głosowy)

głosik (diminutive)
głosowy (adjective)
głos (nominative singular)
głosy (nominative plural)
głosu (genitive singular)
głosów (genitive plural)
głosowi (dative singular)
głosom (dative plural)
głos (accusative singular)
głosy (accusative plural)
głosem (instrumental singular)
głosami (instrumental plural)
głosie (locative singular)
głosach (locative plural)
głosie (singular vocative)
głosy (plural vocative)

(countable, Middle Polish, phonetics) phone (speech segment)


rzecz

rzecz (nominative singular)
rzeczy (nominative plural)
rzeczy (genitive singular)
rzeczy (genitive plural)
rzeczy (dative singular)
rzeczom (dative plural)
rzecz (accusative singular)
rzeczy (accusative plural)
rzeczą (instrumental singular)
rzeczami (instrumental plural)
rzeczy (locative singular)
rzeczach (locative plural)
rzeczy (singular vocative)
rzeczy (plural vocative)

(philosophy) subject, thing (that which may be perceived)


łóżko

łóżko n (diminutive łóżeczko, related adjective łóżkowy)

łóżeczko (diminutive)
łóżkowy (adjective)
łóżko (nominative singular)
łóżka (nominative plural)
łóżka (genitive singular)
łóżek (genitive plural)
łóżku (dative singular)
łóżkom (dative plural)
łóżko (accusative singular)
łóżka (accusative plural)
łóżkiem (instrumental singular)
łóżkami (instrumental plural)
łóżku (locative singular)
łóżkach (locative plural)
łóżko (singular vocative)
łóżka (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish łóżko. By surface analysis, łoże + -ko. Compare Czech lůžko and Kashubian łóżkò.


archeolog

archeolog m pers (female equivalent archeolog or archeolożka)

archeolog (feminine)
archeolożka (feminine)
archeolog (nominative singular)
archeolodzy (nominative plural)
archeologowie (nominative plural)
archeologi (derogatory nominative plural)
archeologa (genitive singular)
archeologów (genitive plural)
archeologowi (dative singular)
archeologom (dative plural)
archeologa (accusative singular)
archeologów (accusative plural)
archeologiem (instrumental singular)
archeologami (instrumental plural)
archeologu (locative singular)
archeologach (locative plural)
archeologu (singular vocative)
archeolodzy (plural vocative)
archeologowie (plural vocative)


błona bębenkowa

błona bębenkowa (nominative singular)
błony bębenkowe (nominative plural)
błony bębenkowej (genitive singular)
błon bębenkowych (genitive plural)
błonie bębenkowej (dative singular)
błonom bębenkowym (dative plural)
błonę bębenkową (accusative singular)
błony bębenkowe (accusative plural)
błoną bębenkową (instrumental singular)
błonami bębenkowymi (instrumental plural)
błonie bębenkowej (locative singular)
błonach bębenkowych (locative plural)
błono bębenkowa (singular vocative)
błony bębenkowe (plural vocative)

Literally, “drum membrane”. Calque of New Latin tympanum.

(anatomy) eardrum, myringa, tympanic membrane


agens

agens (nominative singular)
agensi (nominative plural)
agensy (derogatory nominative plural)
agensa (genitive singular)
agensów (genitive plural)
agensowi (dative singular)
agensom (dative plural)
agensa (accusative singular)
agensów (accusative plural)
agensem (instrumental singular)
agensami (instrumental plural)
agensie (locative singular)
agensach (locative plural)
agensie (singular vocative)
agensi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin agens. Doublet of agent. First attested in 1801.

agens czasownika

agens czynności


tłumacz

tłumacz m pers (female equivalent tłumaczka)

tłumaczka (feminine)
tłumacz (nominative singular)
tłumacze (nominative plural)
tłumacza (genitive singular)
tłumaczy (genitive plural)
tłumaczowi (dative singular)
tłumaczom (dative plural)
tłumacza (accusative singular)
tłumaczy (accusative plural)
tłumaczem (instrumental singular)
tłumaczami (instrumental plural)
tłumaczu (locative singular)
tłumaczach (locative plural)
tłumaczu (singular vocative)
tłumacze (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: тлума́ч (tlumáč)

→ Ukrainian: тлума́ч (tlumáč)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъlmačь, borrowed from a Turkic language, from Proto-Turkic *tilmaç, cf. Turkish dilmaç (“translator, interpreter”) or Hungarian tolmács.


morula

morula (nominative singular)
morule (nominative plural)
moruli (genitive singular)
morul (genitive plural)
moruli (dative singular)
morulom (dative plural)
morulę (accusative singular)
morule (accusative plural)
morulą (instrumental singular)
morulami (instrumental plural)
moruli (locative singular)
morulach (locative plural)
morulo (singular vocative)
morule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin morula.

faza/stadium moruli

(embryology) morula (spherical mass of blastomeres that forms following the splitting of a zygote)


hematologia

hematologia (nominative singular)
hematologii (genitive singular)
hematologii (dative singular)
hematologię (accusative singular)
hematologią (instrumental singular)
hematologii (locative singular)
hematologio (singular vocative)


atopia

atopia (nominative singular)
atopii (genitive singular)
atopii (dative singular)
atopię (accusative singular)
atopią (instrumental singular)
atopii (locative singular)
atopio (singular vocative)


cezura

cezura (nominative singular)
cezury (nominative plural)
cezury (genitive singular)
cezur (genitive plural)
cezurze (dative singular)
cezurom (dative plural)
cezurę (accusative singular)
cezury (accusative plural)
cezurą (instrumental singular)
cezurami (instrumental plural)
cezurze (locative singular)
cezurach (locative plural)
cezuro (singular vocative)
cezury (plural vocative)

(prosody) caesura (using two words to divide a metrical foot)


epistemologia

epistemologia (nominative singular)
epistemologii (genitive singular)
epistemologii (dative singular)
epistemologię (accusative singular)
epistemologią (instrumental singular)
epistemologii (locative singular)
epistemologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English epistemology, French épistémologie, German Epistémologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē) + -logia.

af

grc:ἐπιστήμη

(philosophy) epistemology (branch of philosophy that studies knowledge)


Kosmos

Kosmos (nominative singular)
Kosmosu (genitive singular)
Kosmosowi (dative singular)
Kosmos (accusative singular)
Kosmosem (instrumental singular)
Kosmosie (locative singular)
Kosmosie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Cosmos, French Cosmos, German Kosmos, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κόσμος (Kósmos).

(cosmology, philosophy) Alternative letter-case form of kosmos.


samsara

samsara (nominative singular)
samsary (nominative plural)
samsary (genitive singular)
samsar (genitive plural)
samsarze (dative singular)
samsarom (dative plural)
samsarę (accusative singular)
samsary (accusative plural)
samsarą (instrumental singular)
samsarami (instrumental plural)
samsarze (locative singular)
samsarach (locative plural)
samsaro (singular vocative)
samsary (plural vocative)
sansara (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).


Tartar

Tartar (nominative singular)
Tartaru (genitive singular)
Tartarowi (dative singular)
Tartar (accusative singular)
Tartarem (instrumental singular)
Tartarze (locative singular)
Tartarze (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Tartarus (dark part of Hades)


Tartar

Tartar (nominative singular)
Tartara (genitive singular)
Tartarowi (dative singular)
Tartara (accusative singular)
Tartarem (instrumental singular)
Tartarze (locative singular)
Tartarze (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Tartarus (primordial deity)


katharsis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).

(psychoanalysis) catharsis (therapeutic technique to relieve tension)


procesor

pl-noun

procesor m inan (related adjective procesorowy)

procesorowy (adjective)
procesor (nominative singular)
procesory (nominative plural)
procesora (genitive singular)
procesorów (genitive plural)
procesorowi (dative singular)
procesorom (dative plural)
procesor (accusative singular)
procesory (accusative plural)
procesorem (instrumental singular)
procesorami (instrumental plural)
procesorze (locative singular)
procesorach (locative plural)
procesorze (singular vocative)
procesory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) computer processor, processor


prehistoria

prehistoria (nominative singular)
prehistorie (nominative plural)
prehistorii (genitive singular)
prehistorii (genitive plural)
prehistoryj (archaic genitive plural)
prehistorii (dative singular)
prehistoriom (dative plural)
prehistorię (accusative singular)
prehistorie (accusative plural)
prehistorią (instrumental singular)
prehistoriami (instrumental plural)
prehistorii (locative singular)
prehistoriach (locative plural)
prehistorio (singular vocative)
prehistorie (plural vocative)

(historiography) prehistory (history of human culture prior to written records)


siatkówka

siatkówka (nominative singular)
siatkówki (nominative plural)
siatkówki (genitive singular)
siatkówek (genitive plural)
siatkówce (dative singular)
siatkówkom (dative plural)
siatkówkę (accusative singular)
siatkówki (accusative plural)
siatkówką (instrumental singular)
siatkówkami (instrumental plural)
siatkówce (locative singular)
siatkówkach (locative plural)
siatkówko (singular vocative)
siatkówki (plural vocative)


fonem

fonem (nominative singular)
fonemy (nominative plural)
fonemu (genitive singular)
fonemów (genitive plural)
fonemowi (dative singular)
fonemom (dative plural)
fonem (accusative singular)
fonemy (accusative plural)
fonemem (instrumental singular)
fonemami (instrumental plural)
fonemie (locative singular)
fonemach (locative plural)
fonemie (singular vocative)
fonemy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French phonème, ultimately from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).


grafem

grafem (nominative singular)
grafemy (nominative plural)
grafemu (genitive singular)
grafemów (genitive plural)
grafemowi (dative singular)
grafemom (dative plural)
grafem (accusative singular)
grafemy (accusative plural)
grafemem (instrumental singular)
grafemami (instrumental plural)
grafemie (locative singular)
grafemach (locative plural)
grafemie (singular vocative)
grafemy (plural vocative)

(linguistics) grapheme (fundamental unit of a writing system)


alomorf

alomorf (nominative singular)
alomorfy (nominative plural)
alomorfu (genitive singular)
alomorfów (genitive plural)
alomorfowi (dative singular)
alomorfom (dative plural)
alomorf (accusative singular)
alomorfy (accusative plural)
alomorfem (instrumental singular)
alomorfami (instrumental plural)
alomorfie (locative singular)
alomorfach (locative plural)
alomorfie (singular vocative)
alomorfy (plural vocative)
allomorf (alternative)

From alo- + -morf. First attested in 1957.

ref

Kwartalnik of the Instytut Polsko-Radziecki (in Polish), 1957, page 546

alomorf in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(linguistics) allomorph (any of the different phonological representations of a morpheme)


afiks

afiks (nominative singular)
afiksy (nominative plural)
afiksu (genitive singular)
afiksów (genitive plural)
afiksowi (dative singular)
afiksom (dative plural)
afiks (accusative singular)
afiksy (accusative plural)
afiksem (instrumental singular)
afiksami (instrumental plural)
afiksie (locative singular)
afiksach (locative plural)
afiksie (singular vocative)
afiksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French affixe, from Latin affixus. First attested in 1875.

afiksy fleksyjne

afiksy derywacyjne


prefiks

prefiks (nominative singular)
prefiksy (nominative plural)
prefiksu (genitive singular)
prefiksów (genitive plural)
prefiksowi (dative singular)
prefiksom (dative plural)
prefiks (accusative singular)
prefiksy (accusative plural)
prefiksem (instrumental singular)
prefiksami (instrumental plural)
prefiksie (locative singular)
prefiksach (locative plural)
prefiksie (singular vocative)
prefiksy (plural vocative)


sufiks

sufiks (nominative singular)
sufiksy (nominative plural)
sufiksu (genitive singular)
sufiksów (genitive plural)
sufiksowi (dative singular)
sufiksom (dative plural)
sufiks (accusative singular)
sufiksy (accusative plural)
sufiksem (instrumental singular)
sufiksami (instrumental plural)
sufiksie (locative singular)
sufiksach (locative plural)
sufiksie (singular vocative)
sufiksy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin suffīxus, perfect past participle of Latin suffīgō. Doublet of sufit.


alofon

alofon (nominative singular)
alofony (nominative plural)
alofonu (genitive singular)
alofonów (genitive plural)
alofonowi (dative singular)
alofonom (dative plural)
alofon (accusative singular)
alofony (accusative plural)
alofonem (instrumental singular)
alofonami (instrumental plural)
alofonie (locative singular)
alofonach (locative plural)
alofonie (singular vocative)
alofony (plural vocative)
allofon (alternative)

Borrowed from French allophone. By surface analysis, alo- + -fon. First attested in 1948–1949.

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alofon”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

alofon spółgłoski

jako alofon


anafora

anafora (nominative singular)
anafory (nominative plural)
anafory (genitive singular)
anafor (genitive plural)
anaforze (dative singular)
anaforom (dative plural)
anaforę (accusative singular)
anafory (accusative plural)
anaforą (instrumental singular)
anaforami (instrumental plural)
anaforze (locative singular)
anaforach (locative plural)
anaforo (singular vocative)
anafory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀναφορά (anaphorá). First attested in 1807.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “anafora”, in Słownik języka polskiego

interpretacja anafory

zjawisko anafory

(linguistics) anaphora (expression that refers to a preceding expression)


afereza

afereza (nominative singular)
aferezy (genitive singular)
aferezie (dative singular)
aferezę (accusative singular)
aferezą (instrumental singular)
aferezie (locative singular)
aferezo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσῐς (aphaíresĭs). First attested in 1859.

ref

Gazeta Codzienna, number 222, 1859, page 3


alternant

alternant (nominative singular)
alternanty (nominative plural)
alternantu (genitive singular)
alternantów (genitive plural)
alternantowi (dative singular)
alternantom (dative plural)
alternant (accusative singular)
alternanty (accusative plural)
alternantem (instrumental singular)
alternantami (instrumental plural)
alternancie (locative singular)
alternantach (locative plural)
alternancie (singular vocative)
alternanty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin alternantem. First attested in the 19th century.

lbor

(phonology) alternant (various realizations of alteration)


kompilator

kompilator (nominative singular)
kompilatory (nominative plural)
kompilatora (genitive singular)
kompilatorów (genitive plural)
kompilatorowi (dative singular)
kompilatorom (dative plural)
kompilator (accusative singular)
kompilatory (accusative plural)
kompilatorem (instrumental singular)
kompilatorami (instrumental plural)
kompilatorze (locative singular)
kompilatorach (locative plural)
kompilatorze (singular vocative)
kompilatory (plural vocative)

(software compilation) compiler (computer program which transforms source code into object code)


krak

krak m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
krak (nominative singular)
kraki (nominative plural)
kraka (genitive singular)
kraku (genitive singular)
kraków (genitive plural)
krakowi (dative singular)
krakom (dative plural)
kraka (accusative singular)
krak (accusative singular)
kraki (accusative plural)
krakiem (instrumental singular)
krakami (instrumental plural)
kraku (locative singular)
krakach (locative plural)
kraku (singular vocative)
kraki (plural vocative)
crack (alternative)

(computing) crack (program or procedure designed to circumvent restrictions or usage limits on software)


diazepam

diazepam (nominative singular)
diazepamu (genitive singular)
diazepamowi (dative singular)
diazepam (accusative singular)
diazepamem (instrumental singular)
diazepamie (locative singular)
diazepamie (singular vocative)


akumulator

pl-noun

akumulator m inan (diminutive akumulatorek)

akumulatorek (diminutive)
akumulator (nominative singular)
akumulatory (nominative plural)
akumulatora (genitive singular)
akumulatorów (genitive plural)
akumulatorowi (dative singular)
akumulatorom (dative plural)
akumulator (accusative singular)
akumulatory (accusative plural)
akumulatorem (instrumental singular)
akumulatorami (instrumental plural)
akumulatorze (locative singular)
akumulatorach (locative plural)
akumulatorze (singular vocative)
akumulatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Akkumulator or French accumulateur, Latin accumulātor. First attested in 1872.

ref

Opiekun Domowy : pismo tygodniowe sprawom wychowania, rzeczom społecznym, nauce, literaturze i sztuce poświęcone (in Polish), number R.8, Serya 3, nr 45, 1872, page 354

akumulator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


mózg

pl-noun

mózg m inan (diminutive móżdżek, related adjective mózgowy)

móżdżek (diminutive)
mózgowy (adjective)
mózg (nominative singular)
mózgi (nominative plural)
mózgu (genitive singular)
mózgów (genitive plural)
mózgowi (dative singular)
mózgom (dative plural)
mózg (accusative singular)
mózgi (accusative plural)
mózgiem (instrumental singular)
mózgami (instrumental plural)
mózgu (locative singular)
mózgach (locative plural)
mózgu (singular vocative)
mózgi (plural vocative)

(neuroanatomy) brain (control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action)


analizator

analizator (nominative singular)
analizatory (nominative plural)
analizatoru (genitive singular)
analizatorów (genitive plural)
analizatorowi (dative singular)
analizatorom (dative plural)
analizator (accusative singular)
analizatory (accusative plural)
analizatorem (instrumental singular)
analizatorami (instrumental plural)
analizatorze (locative singular)
analizatorach (locative plural)
analizatorze (singular vocative)
analizatory (plural vocative)

From analizować + -ator. First attested in 1839.

ref

Tygodnik Petersburski (in Polish), number R.10, cz. 19, nr 43, 1839, page 246

analizator węchowy

analizator wzrokowy

analizator słuchowy

(physiology) sensory receptor (set of nervous system parts that analyze external stimulus)


afekt

afekcik (diminutive obsolete)
afekt (nominative singular)
afekty (nominative plural)
afektu (genitive singular)
afektów (genitive plural)
afektowi (dative singular)
afektom (dative plural)
afekt (accusative singular)
afekty (accusative plural)
afektem (instrumental singular)
afektami (instrumental plural)
afekcie (locative singular)
afektach (locative plural)
afekcie (singular vocative)
afekty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin affectus. First attested in 1557.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “afekt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(psychology) affection, affect (strong feeling in response to a stimulus)


agregat

agregat (nominative singular)
agregaty (nominative plural)
agregatu (genitive singular)
agregatów (genitive plural)
agregatowi (dative singular)
agregatom (dative plural)
agregat (accusative singular)
agregaty (accusative plural)
agregatem (instrumental singular)
agregatami (instrumental plural)
agregacie (locative singular)
agregatach (locative plural)
agregacie (singular vocative)
agregaty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English aggregate. Possibly borrowed from German Aggregat or French agrégat, ultimately from Latin aggregātus. First attested in 1825.

(logic, mathematics) aggregate, set (collection of objects)


akcelerator

akcelerator (nominative singular)
akceleratory (nominative plural)
akceleratora (genitive singular)
akceleratorów (genitive plural)
akceleratorowi (dative singular)
akceleratorom (dative plural)
akcelerator (accusative singular)
akceleratory (accusative plural)
akceleratorem (instrumental singular)
akceleratorami (instrumental plural)
akceleratorze (locative singular)
akceleratorach (locative plural)
akceleratorze (singular vocative)
akceleratory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English accelerator. Ultimately from Latin accelerō + -ator. First attested in 1910.

(computing) accelerator (computer component using dedicated hardware to accelerate the processing and display of graphics)


akcent

akcencik (diminutive)
akcent (nominative singular)
akcenty (nominative plural)
akcentu (genitive singular)
akcentów (genitive plural)
akcentowi (dative singular)
akcentom (dative plural)
akcent (accusative singular)
akcenty (accusative plural)
akcentem (instrumental singular)
akcentami (instrumental plural)
akcencie (locative singular)
akcentach (locative plural)
akcencie (singular vocative)
akcenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin accentus. First attested in 1566.

intonacja akcentu

zaznaczenie akcentów

rozmieszczenie akcentów

wzmocnienie akcentu

miejsce akcentu

pozycja akcentu

akcent pada na coś

(phonetics) accent, stress (stressed syllable of a word or expression)


alergolog

pl-noun

alergolog m pers (female equivalent alergolog or alergolożka)

alergolog (feminine)
alergolożka (feminine)
alergolog (nominative singular)
alergolodzy (nominative plural)
alergologowie (nominative plural)
alergologa (genitive singular)
alergologów (genitive plural)
alergologowi (dative singular)
alergologom (dative plural)
alergologa (accusative singular)
alergologów (accusative plural)
alergologiem (instrumental singular)
alergologami (instrumental plural)
alergologu (locative singular)
alergologach (locative plural)
alergologu (singular vocative)
alergolodzy (plural vocative)
alergologowie (plural vocative)

Back-formation from alergologia. First attested in 1935.

ref

Polski slownik biograficzny: Niemirycz Władysław-Olszak Wacław (in Polish), 1935, page 472

alergolog in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


Amazonka

Amazonka (nominative singular)
Amazonki (nominative plural)
Amazonki (genitive singular)
Amazonek (genitive plural)
Amazonce (dative singular)
Amazonkom (dative plural)
Amazonkę (accusative singular)
Amazonki (accusative plural)
Amazonką (instrumental singular)
Amazonkami (instrumental plural)
Amazonce (locative singular)
Amazonkach (locative plural)
Amazonko (singular vocative)
Amazonki (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) Amazon (member of a mythical race of female warriors inhabiting the Black Sea area)


hemoroid

hemoroid (nominative singular)
hemoroidy (nominative plural)
hemoroidu (genitive singular)
hemoroidów (genitive plural)
hemoroidowi (dative singular)
hemoroidom (dative plural)
hemoroid (accusative singular)
hemoroidy (accusative plural)
hemoroidem (instrumental singular)
hemoroidami (instrumental plural)
hemoroidzie (locative singular)
hemoroidach (locative plural)
hemoroidzie (singular vocative)
hemoroidy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin haemorrhoides, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs).


Herakles

pl-prop

Herakles m pers (related adjective heraklesowy)

heraklesowy (adjective)
Herakles (nominative singular)
Heraklesowie (nominative plural)
Heraklesa (genitive singular)
Heraklesów (genitive plural)
Heraklesowi (dative singular)
Heraklesom (dative plural)
Heraklesa (accusative singular)
Heraklesów (accusative plural)
Heraklesem (instrumental singular)
Heraklesami (instrumental plural)
Heraklesie (locative singular)
Heraklesach (locative plural)
Heraklesie (singular vocative)
Heraklesowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês). Doublet of Herkules.

lbor

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Heracles (Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength; most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family)


feniks

feniks (nominative singular)
feniksy (nominative plural)
feniksa (genitive singular)
feniksów (genitive plural)
feniksowi (dative singular)
feniksom (dative plural)
feniksa (accusative singular)
feniksy (accusative plural)
feniksem (instrumental singular)
feniksami (instrumental plural)
feniksie (locative singular)
feniksach (locative plural)
feniksie (singular vocative)
feniksy (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) phoenix (mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun; it then arises anew from the ashes)


anamneza

anamneza (nominative singular)
anamnezy (nominative plural)
anamnezy (genitive singular)
anamnez (genitive plural)
anamnezie (dative singular)
anamnezom (dative plural)
anamnezę (accusative singular)
anamnezy (accusative plural)
anamnezą (instrumental singular)
anamnezami (instrumental plural)
anamnezie (locative singular)
anamnezach (locative plural)
anamnezo (singular vocative)
anamnezy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”). First attested in 1832.

ref

Ustawy dotyczące się leczenia chorych w Klinice chirurgicznéj Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. (in Polish), 1832, page 2

(uncountable, philosophy) anamnesis (Plato's epistemological and psychological theory)


podgrupa

podgrupka (diminutive)
podgrupa (nominative singular)
podgrupy (nominative plural)
podgrupy (genitive singular)
podgrup (genitive plural)
podgrupie (dative singular)
podgrupom (dative plural)
podgrupę (accusative singular)
podgrupy (accusative plural)
podgrupą (instrumental singular)
podgrupami (instrumental plural)
podgrupie (locative singular)
podgrupach (locative plural)
podgrupo (singular vocative)
podgrupy (plural vocative)

(group theory) subgroup (group within a larger group)


postulat

postulacik (diminutive)
postulat (nominative singular)
postulaty (nominative plural)
postulatu (genitive singular)
postulatów (genitive plural)
postulatowi (dative singular)
postulatom (dative plural)
postulat (accusative singular)
postulaty (accusative plural)
postulatem (instrumental singular)
postulatami (instrumental plural)
postulacie (locative singular)
postulatach (locative plural)
postulacie (singular vocative)
postulaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French postulat, from Latin postulātiō.


demonologia

demonologia (nominative singular)
demonologii (genitive singular)
demonologii (dative singular)
demonologię (accusative singular)
demonologią (instrumental singular)
demonologii (locative singular)
demonologio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French démonologie. By surface analysis, demon + -o- + -logia.

surf

Coordinate term: angelologia


długi

pl-adj

długi (comparative dłuższy, superlative najdłuższy, derived adverb długo, abbreviation dł.)

dłuższy (comparative)
najdłuższy (superlative)
dł. (abbreviation)
długi (masculine nominative singular)
długa (feminine nominative singular)
długie (neuter nominative singular)
dłudzy (nominative plural virile)
długie (nominative plural)
długiego (genitive masculine singular)
długiej (feminine genitive singular)
długiego (genitive neuter singular)
długich (genitive plural)
długich (genitive plural virile)
długiemu (dative masculine singular)
długiej (dative feminine singular)
długiemu (dative neuter singular)
długim (dative plural)
długim (dative plural virile)
długiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
długi (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
długą (accusative feminine singular)
długie (accusative neuter singular)
długich (accusative plural virile)
długie (accusative plural)
długim (instrumental masculine singular)
długą (feminine instrumental singular)
długim (instrumental neuter singular)
długimi (instrumental plural)
długimi (instrumental plural virile)
długim (locative masculine singular)
długiej (feminine locative singular)
długim (locative neuter singular)
długich (locative plural)
długich (locative plural virile)

(phonetics) long (of a vowel, taking more time in contrast to another)


antabus

antabus (nominative singular)
antabusu (genitive singular)
antabusowi (dative singular)
antabus (accusative singular)
antabusem (instrumental singular)
antabusie (locative singular)
antabusie (singular vocative)


bajt

bajt (nominative singular)
bajty (nominative plural)
bajta (genitive singular)
bajtów (genitive plural)
bajtowi (dative singular)
bajtom (dative plural)
bajt (accusative singular)
bajty (accusative plural)
bajtem (instrumental singular)
bajtami (instrumental plural)
bajcie (locative singular)
bajtach (locative plural)
bajcie (singular vocative)
bajty (plural vocative)


arche

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ).


morfina

morfinowy (adjective)
morfina (nominative singular)
morfiny (genitive singular)
morfinie (dative singular)
morfinę (accusative singular)
morfiną (instrumental singular)
morfinie (locative singular)
morfino (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English morphine, French morphine, German Morphin, ultimately from Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús).

(biochemistry, pharmacology) morphine (opioid used as an anaesthetic or recreational drug)


napletek

napletek (nominative singular)
napletki (nominative plural)
napletka (genitive singular)
napletków (genitive plural)
napletkowi (dative singular)
napletkom (dative plural)
napletek (accusative singular)
napletki (accusative plural)
napletkiem (instrumental singular)
napletkami (instrumental plural)
napletku (locative singular)
napletkach (locative plural)
napletku (singular vocative)
napletki (plural vocative)
napłetek (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish napłetek. By surface analysis, na- + płeć + -ek. The change of -ł- to -l- is probably due to influence from napleciony.


akut

akutowy (adjective)
akut (nominative singular)
akuty (nominative plural)
akutu (genitive singular)
akutów (genitive plural)
akutowi (dative singular)
akutom (dative plural)
akut (accusative singular)
akuty (accusative plural)
akutem (instrumental singular)
akutami (instrumental plural)
akucie (locative singular)
akutach (locative plural)
akucie (singular vocative)
akuty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin acūtus. First attested in 1807.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “akut”, in Słownik języka polskiego


ścieżka

ścieżka (nominative singular)
ścieżki (nominative plural)
ścieżki (genitive singular)
ścieżek (genitive plural)
ścieżce (dative singular)
ścieżkom (dative plural)
ścieżkę (accusative singular)
ścieżki (accusative plural)
ścieżką (instrumental singular)
ścieżkami (instrumental plural)
ścieżce (locative singular)
ścieżkach (locative plural)
ścieżko (singular vocative)
ścieżki (plural vocative)
stedzka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish stdza, from Proto-Slavic *stьžьka, diminutive of *stьga, later form after the third palatalization *stьdza.

/ˈɕt͡ɕɛʂ.ka/

(computing) path (a specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure)


angiologia

angiologia (nominative singular)
angiologii (genitive singular)
angiologii (dative singular)
angiologię (accusative singular)
angiologią (instrumental singular)
angiologii (locative singular)
angiologio (singular vocative)

From angio- + -logia. First attested in 1808.

Franciszek Ksawery Ryszkowski (1808) Stan człowieka zdrowego naturalny : podług pism sławnych nauką mężów (in Polish), page 313


astrolog

astrolog (nominative singular)
astrolodzy (nominative plural)
astrologa (genitive singular)
astrologów (genitive plural)
astrologowi (dative singular)
astrologom (dative plural)
astrologa (accusative singular)
astrologów (accusative plural)
astrologiem (instrumental singular)
astrologami (instrumental plural)
astrologu (locative singular)
astrologach (locative plural)
astrologu (singular vocative)
astrolodzy (plural vocative)

Back-formation from astrologia. Displaced Old Polish gwiazdomówca.


rzeczownik

rzeczownik (nominative singular)
rzeczowniki (nominative plural)
rzeczownika (genitive singular)
rzeczowników (genitive plural)
rzeczownikowi (dative singular)
rzeczownikom (dative plural)
rzeczownik (accusative singular)
rzeczowniki (accusative plural)
rzeczownikiem (instrumental singular)
rzeczownikami (instrumental plural)
rzeczowniku (locative singular)
rzeczownikach (locative plural)
rzeczowniku (singular vocative)
rzeczowniki (plural vocative)

/ʐɛˈt͡ʂɔv.ɲik/

From rzeczowy + -nik. Calque of Latin substantīvum.


protokół

pl-noun

protokół m inan (diminutive protokólik or protokolik)

protokólik (diminutive)
protokolik (diminutive)
protokół (nominative singular)
protokoły (nominative plural)
protokóły (nominative plural)
protokołu (genitive singular)
protokółu (genitive singular)
protokołów (genitive plural)
protokółów (genitive plural)
protokołowi (dative singular)
protokółowi (dative singular)
protokołom (dative plural)
protokółom (dative plural)
protokół (accusative singular)
protokoły (accusative plural)
protokóły (accusative plural)
protokołem (instrumental singular)
protokółem (instrumental singular)
protokołami (instrumental plural)
protokółami (instrumental plural)
protokole (locative singular)
protokóle (locative singular)
protokołach (locative plural)
protokółach (locative plural)
protokole (singular vocative)
protokóle (singular vocative)
protokoły (plural vocative)
protokóły (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French protocole, from Medieval Latin prōtocollum (“the first sheet of a volume (on which contents and errata were written)”), from Byzantine Greek πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon, “first sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

der

(computing) protocol (set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network)


czasownik

pl-noun

czasownik m inan (related adjective czasownikowy)

czasownikowy (adjective)
czasownik (nominative singular)
czasowniki (nominative plural)
czasownika (genitive singular)
czasowników (genitive plural)
czasownikowi (dative singular)
czasownikom (dative plural)
czasownik (accusative singular)
czasowniki (accusative plural)
czasownikiem (instrumental singular)
czasownikami (instrumental plural)
czasowniku (locative singular)
czasownikach (locative plural)
czasowniku (singular vocative)
czasowniki (plural vocative)

From czasowy + -nik. Calque of German Zeitwort.

(grammar) verb (grammatical category of words that indicate an action, event or a state)


głowa

główka (diminutive)
głowa (nominative singular)
głowy (nominative plural)
głowy (genitive singular)
głów (genitive plural)
głowie (dative singular)
głowom (dative plural)
głowę (accusative singular)
głowy (accusative plural)
głową (instrumental singular)
głowami (instrumental plural)
głowie (locative singular)
głowach (locative plural)
głowo (singular vocative)
głowy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish głowa. Doublet of hołowa, a form borrowed from East Slavic.


lekarstwo

lekarstwo (nominative singular)
lekarstwa (nominative plural)
lekarstwa (genitive singular)
lekarstw (genitive plural)
lekarstwu (dative singular)
lekarstwom (dative plural)
lekarstwo (accusative singular)
lekarstwa (accusative plural)
lekarstwem (instrumental singular)
lekarstwami (instrumental plural)
lekarstwie (locative singular)
lekarstwach (locative plural)
lekarstwo (singular vocative)
lekarstwa (plural vocative)

From lekarz + -stwo. Compare Bulgarian лека́рство (lekárstvo), Macedonian лекарство (lekarstvo), and Russian лека́рство (lekárstvo).

(medicine) medicine, drug (substance which promotes healing)


liczebnik

liczebnik (nominative singular)
liczebniki (nominative plural)
liczebnika (genitive singular)
liczebników (genitive plural)
liczebnikowi (dative singular)
liczebnikom (dative plural)
liczebnik (accusative singular)
liczebniki (accusative plural)
liczebnikiem (instrumental singular)
liczebnikami (instrumental plural)
liczebniku (locative singular)
liczebnikach (locative plural)
liczebniku (singular vocative)
liczebniki (plural vocative)

From liczba + -nik. Calque of Latin numerāle.


liczba pierwsza

liczba pierwsza (nominative singular)
liczby pierwsze (nominative plural)
liczby pierwszej (genitive singular)
liczb pierwszych (genitive plural)
liczbie pierwszej (dative singular)
liczbom pierwszym (dative plural)
liczbę pierwszą (accusative singular)
liczby pierwsze (accusative plural)
liczbą pierwszą (instrumental singular)
liczbami pierwszymi (instrumental plural)
liczbie pierwszej (locative singular)
liczbach pierwszych (locative plural)
liczbo pierwsza (singular vocative)
liczby pierwsze (plural vocative)


mysz

myszka (diminutive)
mysz (nominative singular)
myszy (nominative plural)
myszy (genitive singular)
myszy (genitive plural)
myszy (dative singular)
myszom (dative plural)
mysz (accusative singular)
myszy (accusative plural)
myszą (instrumental singular)
myszami (instrumental plural)
myszy (locative singular)
myszach (locative plural)
myszy (singular vocative)
myszy (plural vocative)
mysza (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mỳšь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mū́ˀšis, from Proto-Indo-European *múHs. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

sl

(computer hardware) mouse (computer input device)


myszka

myszka (nominative singular)
myszki (nominative plural)
myszki (genitive singular)
myszek (genitive plural)
myszce (dative singular)
myszkom (dative plural)
myszkę (accusative singular)
myszki (accusative plural)
myszką (instrumental singular)
myszkami (instrumental plural)
myszce (locative singular)
myszkach (locative plural)
myszko (singular vocative)
myszki (plural vocative)

From mysz + -ka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

(computer hardware) mouse (computing: input device)


wielokąt

wielokąt (nominative singular)
wielokąty (nominative plural)
wielokątu (genitive singular)
wielokątów (genitive plural)
wielokątowi (dative singular)
wielokątom (dative plural)
wielokąt (accusative singular)
wielokąty (accusative plural)
wielokątem (instrumental singular)
wielokątami (instrumental plural)
wielokącie (locative singular)
wielokątach (locative plural)
wielokącie (singular vocative)
wielokąty (plural vocative)

From wiele + -o- + kąt. Compare Ukrainian багатоку́тник (bahatokútnyk).

ncog

багатоку́тник

(geometry) polygon (plane figure bounded by straight edges)