tao

(philosophy, Taoism) Tao (Chinese philosophical term)


absurd

absurdzik (diminutive)
absurd (nominative singular)
absurdy (nominative plural)
absurdu (genitive singular)
absurdów (genitive plural)
absurdowi (dative singular)
absurdom (dative plural)
absurd (accusative singular)
absurdy (accusative plural)
absurdem (instrumental singular)
absurdami (instrumental plural)
absurdzie (locative singular)
absurdach (locative plural)
absurdzie (singular vocative)
absurdy (plural vocative)
absurdum (alternative obsolete)

Learned borrowing from Latin absurdus. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “absurdum”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


UFO

Orthographic borrowing from English UFO.

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object

(science fiction, ufology) UFO, unidentified flying object


Achilles

pl-prop

Achilles m pers (related adjective achillesowy)

achillesowy (adjective)
Achilles (nominative singular)
Achillesowie (nominative plural)
Achillesi (nominative plural)
Achillesa (genitive singular)
Achillesów (genitive plural)
Achillesowi (dative singular)
Achillesom (dative plural)
Achillesa (accusative singular)
Achillesów (accusative plural)
Achillesem (instrumental singular)
Achillesami (instrumental plural)
Achillesie (locative singular)
Achillesach (locative plural)
Achillesie (singular vocative)
Achillesowie (plural vocative)
Achillesi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Achillēs. Doublet of Achil.

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Achilles (mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp)


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiterowi (dative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)
Jupiterze (locative singular)
Jupiterze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djowe-, ablative case of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Doublet of Jowisz and Zeus.

(Roman mythology) Jupiter (the chief god, the Roman god of the sky and lightning)


argument

argumencik (diminutive)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenty (nominative plural)
argumentu (genitive singular)
argumentów (genitive plural)
argumentowi (dative singular)
argumentom (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumenty (accusative plural)
argumentem (instrumental singular)
argumentami (instrumental plural)
argumencie (locative singular)
argumentach (locative plural)
argumencie (singular vocative)
argumenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum.

(philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument


graffiti

Internationalism; compare English graffiti, French graffiti, German Graffiti, ultimately from Italian graffiti.

(archaeology) graffiti (informal inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., as opposed to official inscriptions)


slang

slang (nominative singular)
slangi (nominative plural)
slangu (genitive singular)
slangów (genitive plural)
slangowi (dative singular)
slangom (dative plural)
slang (accusative singular)
slangi (accusative plural)
slangiem (instrumental singular)
slangami (instrumental plural)
slangu (locative singular)
slangach (locative plural)
slangu (singular vocative)
slangi (plural vocative)


vox populi

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vōx populī.

ubor

(literary, sociology) vox populi (public opinion which influences decisions on many important issues)


idiom

idiomek (diminutive)
idiom (nominative singular)
idiomy (nominative plural)
idiomu (genitive singular)
idiomów (genitive plural)
idiomowi (dative singular)
idiomom (dative plural)
idiom (accusative singular)
idiomy (accusative plural)
idiomem (instrumental singular)
idiomami (instrumental plural)
idiomie (locative singular)
idiomach (locative plural)
idiomie (singular vocative)
idiomy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English idiom, French idiome, German Idiom, ultimately from Late Latin idiōma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma).

(lexicography, rhetoric) idiom, phraseme, phraseological unit, phraseologism, set expression, set phrase, turn of phrase

(dated, linguistics, rare) idiom (language or language variety)


magia

magia (nominative singular)
magii (genitive singular)
magii (dative singular)
magię (accusative singular)
magią (instrumental singular)
magii (locative singular)
magio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía).

(occult) magic (use of supernatural rituals, forces etc.)


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

(linguistics) lingua franca (common language)


fluid

fluid (nominative singular)
fluidy (nominative plural)
fluidu (genitive singular)
fluidów (genitive plural)
fluidowi (dative singular)
fluidom (dative plural)
fluid (accusative singular)
fluidy (accusative plural)
fluidem (instrumental singular)
fluidami (instrumental plural)
fluidzie (locative singular)
fluidach (locative plural)
fluidzie (singular vocative)
fluidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English fluid, French fluide, German Fluid, ultimately from Latin fluidus.

(chiefly in the plural, occult) fluid (mysterious energy that can be transmitted through living organisms, objects, and places, and then received by others, affecting the environment and the atmosphere in it)


augment

augment (nominative singular)
augmenty (nominative plural)
augmentu (genitive singular)
augmentów (genitive plural)
augmentowi (dative singular)
augmentom (dative plural)
augment (accusative singular)
augmenty (accusative plural)
augmentem (instrumental singular)
augmentami (instrumental plural)
augmencie (locative singular)
augmentach (locative plural)
augmencie (singular vocative)
augmenty (plural vocative)

(grammar) augment (suffix in some Indo-European languages indicating the past tense)


katana

katanka (diminutive)
katana (nominative singular)
katany (nominative plural)
katany (genitive singular)
katan (genitive plural)
katanie (dative singular)
katanom (dative plural)
katanę (accusative singular)
katany (accusative plural)
kataną (instrumental singular)
katanami (instrumental plural)
katanie (locative singular)
katanach (locative plural)
katano (singular vocative)
katany (plural vocative)

(ethnography) twin caftan worn in some regional Polish folk costumes for women

(ethnography) type of covering in men's folk costumes that reaches one's ankles

(ethnography, historical, military) a short-tailed jacket worn by soldiers in the 18th century


prequel

prequel (nominative singular)
prequle (nominative plural)
prequela (genitive singular)
prequelu (genitive singular)
prequli (genitive plural)
prequlowi (dative singular)
prequlom (dative plural)
prequel (accusative singular)
prequle (accusative plural)
prequlem (instrumental singular)
prequlami (instrumental plural)
prequlu (locative singular)
prequlach (locative plural)
prequlu (singular vocative)
prequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English prequel.


sequel

sequel (nominative singular)
sequle (nominative plural)
sequela (genitive singular)
sequelu (genitive singular)
sequli (genitive plural)
sequlowi (dative singular)
sequlom (dative plural)
sequel (accusative singular)
sequle (accusative plural)
sequlem (instrumental singular)
sequlami (instrumental plural)
sequlu (locative singular)
sequlach (locative plural)
sequlu (singular vocative)
sequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sequel, from Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī.


idea

idejka (diminutive)
idea (nominative singular)
idee (nominative plural)
idei (genitive singular)
idei (genitive plural)
idei (dative singular)
ideom (dative plural)
ideę (accusative singular)
idee (accusative plural)
ideą (instrumental singular)
ideami (instrumental plural)
idei (locative singular)
ideach (locative plural)
ideo (singular vocative)
idee (plural vocative)

(philosophy) idea (abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect)


chaos

chaos (nominative singular)
chaosu (genitive singular)
chaosowi (dative singular)
chaos (accusative singular)
chaosem (instrumental singular)
chaosie (locative singular)
chaosie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) chaos (unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony)


kappa

kappa (nominative singular)
kappy (nominative plural)
kappy (genitive singular)
kapp (genitive plural)
kappie (dative singular)
kappom (dative plural)
kappę (accusative singular)
kappy (accusative plural)
kappą (instrumental singular)
kappami (instrumental plural)
kappie (locative singular)
kappach (locative plural)
kappo (singular vocative)
kappy (plural vocative)

(Japanese mythology) kappa (tortoise-like demon or imp)


mania

mania (nominative singular)
manie (nominative plural)
manii (genitive singular)
manii (genitive plural)
manij (archaic genitive plural)
manii (dative singular)
maniom (dative plural)
manię (accusative singular)
manie (accusative plural)
manią (instrumental singular)
maniami (instrumental plural)
manii (locative singular)
maniach (locative plural)
manio (singular vocative)
manie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mania.

(psychiatry) mania (state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels)


operator

operator (nominative singular)
operatory (nominative plural)
operatoru (genitive singular)
operatorów (genitive plural)
operatorowi (dative singular)
operatorom (dative plural)
operator (accusative singular)
operatory (accusative plural)
operatorem (instrumental singular)
operatorami (instrumental plural)
operatorze (locative singular)
operatorach (locative plural)
operatorze (singular vocative)
operatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French opérateur, from Latin operātor.


Zeitgeist

Zeitgeist (nominative singular)
Zeitgeisty (nominative plural)
Zeitgeistu (genitive singular)
Zeitgeistów (genitive plural)
Zeitgeistowi (dative singular)
Zeitgeistom (dative plural)
Zeitgeist (accusative singular)
Zeitgeisty (accusative plural)
Zeitgeistem (instrumental singular)
Zeitgeistami (instrumental plural)
Zeitgeiście (locative singular)
Zeitgeistach (locative plural)
Zeitgeiście (singular vocative)
Zeitgeisty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Zeitgeist.


lemur

lemur (nominative singular)
lemury (nominative plural)
lemura (genitive singular)
lemurów (genitive plural)
lemurowi (dative singular)
lemurom (dative plural)
lemura (accusative singular)
lemury (accusative plural)
lemurem (instrumental singular)
lemurami (instrumental plural)
lemurze (locative singular)
lemurach (locative plural)
lemurze (singular vocative)
lemury (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English lemur, French lémur, German Lemur, ultimately from Latin lemurēs.

(Roman mythology) lemures (spirit or ghost of the dead, considered as malignant)


chi

Borrowed from Mandarin 氣／气 (qì), from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds).

(philosophy, mysticism) chi (fundamental life-force or energy)


translator

pl-noun

translator m pers (female equivalent translatorka)

translatorka (feminine)
translator (nominative singular)
translatorzy (nominative plural)
translatory (derogatory nominative plural)
translatora (genitive singular)
translatorów (genitive plural)
translatorowi (dative singular)
translatorom (dative plural)
translatora (accusative singular)
translatorów (accusative plural)
translatorem (instrumental singular)
translatorami (instrumental plural)
translatorze (locative singular)
translatorach (locative plural)
translatorze (singular vocative)
translatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English translator, from Middle English translatour, from Old French translator, translatour, translateur, from Latin trānslātor.

(literary, translation studies) translator (someone who translates)


Zeus

Zeus (nominative singular)
Zeusa (genitive singular)
Zeusowi (dative singular)
Zeusa (accusative singular)
Zeusem (instrumental singular)
Zeusie (locative singular)
Zeusie (singular vocative)
Dzeus (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Zeus. Doublet of Jowisz and Jupiter.

(Greek mythology) Zeus (supreme ruler of all Greek gods)


metanoia

metanoia (nominative singular)
metanoii (genitive singular)
metanoii (dative singular)
metanoię (accusative singular)
metanoią (instrumental singular)
metanoii (locative singular)
metanoio (singular vocative)

Metanoia niesie z sobą także nowe i pogłębione rozumienie Boga i Jego świętej woli.

1996, Janusz Nagórny, Andrzej Derdziuk, Vivere in Christo: chrześcijański horyzont moralności : księga pamiątkowa ku czci księdza profesora Seweryna Rosika w 65. rocznicę urodzin:

Metanoia also brings with it a new and deeper understanding of God and His holy will

(philosophy, rare) alternative spelling of metanoja


harmonia

harmonia (nominative singular)
harmonie (nominative plural)
harmonii (genitive singular)
harmonii (genitive plural)
harmonij (archaic genitive plural)
harmonii (dative singular)
harmoniom (dative plural)
harmonię (accusative singular)
harmonie (accusative plural)
harmonią (instrumental singular)
harmoniami (instrumental plural)
harmonii (locative singular)
harmoniach (locative plural)
harmonio (singular vocative)
harmonie (plural vocative)
jarmonijá (alternative)

(uncountable, prosody) consonance (form of rhyme having the same consonants but different vowels)


system

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

Near-synonym: teoria

(literary, philosophy) system (comprehensive and logically organized set of propositions or philosophical beliefs)


medium

medium (nominative singular)
media (nominative plural)
medium (genitive singular)
mediów (genitive plural)
medium (dative singular)
mediom (dative plural)
medium (accusative singular)
media (accusative plural)
medium (instrumental singular)
mediami (instrumental plural)
medium (locative singular)
mediach (locative plural)
medium (singular vocative)
media (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English medium, from Latin medium. Doublet of miedza and między.


libido

(psychoanalysis) libido (drives or mental energies related or based on sexual instincts but not necessarily sexual in and of themselves)


ton

tonowy (adjective)
ton (nominative singular)
tony (nominative plural)
tonu (genitive singular)
tonów (genitive plural)
tonowi (dative singular)
tonom (dative plural)
ton (accusative singular)
tony (accusative plural)
tonem (instrumental singular)
tonami (instrumental plural)
tonie (locative singular)
tonach (locative plural)
tonie (singular vocative)
tony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.


centaur

centaur (nominative singular)
centaury (nominative plural)
centaura (genitive singular)
centaurów (genitive plural)
centaurowi (dative singular)
centaurom (dative plural)
centaura (accusative singular)
centaury (accusative plural)
centaurem (instrumental singular)
centaurami (instrumental plural)
centaurze (locative singular)
centaurach (locative plural)
centaurze (singular vocative)
centaury (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) centaur (mythical half-man, half-horse)


Saturn

Saturn (nominative singular)
Saturna (genitive singular)
Saturnowi (dative singular)
Saturna (accusative singular)
Saturnem (instrumental singular)
Saturnie (locative singular)
Saturnie (singular vocative)


agape

Learned borrowing from Latin agapē. Doublet of agapa.

(philosophy) agape (spiritual, altruistic, beneficial love which wills good for others)


demon

demon (nominative singular)
demony (nominative plural)
demona (genitive singular)
demonów (genitive plural)
demonowi (dative singular)
demonom (dative plural)
demona (accusative singular)
demony (accusative plural)
demonem (instrumental singular)
demonami (instrumental plural)
demonie (locative singular)
demonach (locative plural)
demonie (singular vocative)
demony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English daemon.

sl

(mythology, religion) demon (evil supernatural spirit)


pidgin

pidgin (nominative singular)
pidginy (nominative plural)
pidginu (genitive singular)
pidginów (genitive plural)
pidginowi (dative singular)
pidginom (dative plural)
pidgin (accusative singular)
pidginy (accusative plural)
pidginem (instrumental singular)
pidginami (instrumental plural)
pidginie (locative singular)
pidginach (locative plural)
pidginie (singular vocative)
pidginy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English pidgin, from pidgin English, from a Chinese Pidgin English pronunciation of English business during trade in the Far East.

(linguistics) alternative spelling of pidżyn


Adonis

Adonis (nominative singular)
Adonisa (genitive singular)
Adonisowi (dative singular)
Adonisa (accusative singular)
Adonisem (instrumental singular)
Adonisie (locative singular)
Adonisie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄδωνῐς (Ádōnĭs).

lbor

(Greek mythology) Adonis (beautiful young man loved by Aphrodite)


ADHD

Orthographic borrowing from English ADHD.

obor

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) ADHD


coach

coach (nominative singular)
coachowie (nominative plural)
coachy (derogatory nominative plural)
coacha (genitive singular)
coachów (genitive plural)
coachowi (dative singular)
coachom (dative plural)
coacha (accusative singular)
coachów (accusative plural)
coachem (instrumental singular)
coachami (instrumental plural)
coachu (locative singular)
coachach (locative plural)
coachu (singular vocative)
coachowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English coach, from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi.


ulica

pl-noun

ulica f (diminutive uliczka, abbreviation ul.)

uliczka (diminutive)
ul. (abbreviation)
ulica (nominative singular)
ulice (nominative plural)
ulicy (genitive singular)
ulic (genitive plural)
ulicy (dative singular)
ulicom (dative plural)
ulicę (accusative singular)
ulice (accusative plural)
ulicą (instrumental singular)
ulicami (instrumental plural)
ulicy (locative singular)
ulicach (locative plural)
ulico (singular vocative)
ulice (plural vocative)

(colloquial, sociology) public opinion (society as an exponent of views and assessments of current political, social, and cultural life)


umlaut

umlaut (nominative singular)
umlauty (nominative plural)
umlautu (genitive singular)
umlautów (genitive plural)
umlautowi (dative singular)
umlautom (dative plural)
umlaut (accusative singular)
umlauty (accusative plural)
umlautem (instrumental singular)
umlautami (instrumental plural)
umlaucie (locative singular)
umlautach (locative plural)
umlaucie (singular vocative)
umlauty (plural vocative)

(phonology) umlaut (the partial assimilation of vowels in some Germanic languages)


ufo

Orthographic borrowing from English UFO.

(science fiction, ufology) alternative spelling of UFO


psyche

(literary, psychoanalysis) psyche (human soul, mind, or spirit)


golem

golem (nominative singular)
golemy (nominative plural)
golema (genitive singular)
golemów (genitive plural)
golemowi (dative singular)
golemom (dative plural)
golema (accusative singular)
golemy (accusative plural)
golemów (accusative plural)
golemem (instrumental singular)
golemami (instrumental plural)
golemie (locative singular)
golemach (locative plural)
golemie (singular vocative)
golemy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hebrew גולם \ גֹּלֶם (gólem).

bor+

גולם \ גֹּלֶם


ego

Learned borrowing from Latin egō̆. Doublet of ja.

(psychoanalysis) ego (most central part of the mind which mediates with one's surroundings)


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós).

der

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός

(literary, narratology) deus ex machina (contrived plot resolution)


trans

pl-noun

trans m inan (related adjective transowy)

transowy (adjective)
trans (nominative singular)
transy (nominative plural)
transu (genitive singular)
transów (genitive plural)
transowi (dative singular)
transom (dative plural)
trans (accusative singular)
transy (accusative plural)
transem (instrumental singular)
transami (instrumental plural)
transie (locative singular)
transach (locative plural)
transie (singular vocative)
transy (plural vocative)

(psychology) trance (such a state induced by hypnosis)


astrologia

astrologia (nominative singular)
astrologii (genitive singular)
astrologii (dative singular)
astrologię (accusative singular)
astrologią (instrumental singular)
astrologii (locative singular)
astrologio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin astrologia.


mag

mag (nominative singular)
magowie (nominative plural)
magi (derogatory nominative plural)
maga (genitive singular)
magów (genitive plural)
magowi (dative singular)
magom (dative plural)
maga (accusative singular)
magów (accusative plural)
magiem (instrumental singular)
magami (instrumental plural)
magu (locative singular)
magach (locative plural)
magu (singular vocative)
magowie (plural vocative)
magi (derogatory plural vocative)

(folklore, fantasy) magician, wizard, sorcerer, conjurer, mage, magus (person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic)


logika

logika (nominative singular)
logiki (genitive singular)
logice (dative singular)
logikę (accusative singular)
logiką (instrumental singular)
logice (locative singular)
logiko (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin logica, from Ancient Greek λογική (logikḗ). Displaced Old Polish wielemowna.


Charon

Charon (nominative singular)
Charoni (nominative plural)
Charony (derogatory nominative plural)
Charona (genitive singular)
Charonów (genitive plural)
Charonowi (dative singular)
Charonom (dative plural)
Charona (accusative singular)
Charonów (accusative plural)
Charonem (instrumental singular)
Charonami (instrumental plural)
Charonie (locative singular)
Charonach (locative plural)
Charonie (singular vocative)
Charoni (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Χάρων (Khárōn).

lbor

(Greek mythology) Charon (ferryman of Hades, who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx)


kraken

kraken (nominative singular)
krakena (genitive singular)
krakenowi (dative singular)
krakena (accusative singular)
krakenem (instrumental singular)
krakenie (locative singular)
krakenie (singular vocative)
Kraken (alternative)


pentagram

pentagram (nominative singular)
pentagramy (nominative plural)
pentagramu (genitive singular)
pentagramów (genitive plural)
pentagramowi (dative singular)
pentagramom (dative plural)
pentagram (accusative singular)
pentagramy (accusative plural)
pentagramem (instrumental singular)
pentagramami (instrumental plural)
pentagramie (locative singular)
pentagramach (locative plural)
pentagramie (singular vocative)
pentagramy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πεντάγραμμον (pentágrammon).

πεντάγραμμον


absolut

absolut (nominative singular)
absoluty (nominative plural)
absolutu (genitive singular)
absolutów (genitive plural)
absolutowi (dative singular)
absolutom (dative plural)
absolut (accusative singular)
absoluty (accusative plural)
absolutem (instrumental singular)
absolutami (instrumental plural)
absolucie (locative singular)
absolutach (locative plural)
absolucie (singular vocative)
absoluty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Absolutes or French absolut, from Latin absolūtus. First attested in 1701–1750.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (28.10.2021) “ABSOLUT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

jedyny absolut

boski absolut

filozoficzny absolut

głód absolutu

droga do absolutu

wiara w absolut

istnienie absolutu

poszukiwanie absolutu

dążenie do absolutu

obcowanie z absolutem


id

(psychoanalysis) id (unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model)


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.


parka

parka (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parki (genitive singular)
parek (genitive plural)
parce (dative singular)
parkom (dative plural)
parkę (accusative singular)
parki (accusative plural)
parką (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)
parce (locative singular)
parkach (locative plural)
parko (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)

(Roman mythology) Parca (one of the Fates)


Hera

Hera (nominative singular)
Hery (genitive singular)
Herze (dative singular)
Herę (accusative singular)
Herą (instrumental singular)
Herze (locative singular)
Hero (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hera (queen of the gods, wife of Zeus)


abugida

abugida (nominative singular)
abugidy (nominative plural)
abugidy (genitive singular)
abugid (genitive plural)
abugidzie (dative singular)
abugidom (dative plural)
abugidę (accusative singular)
abugidy (accusative plural)
abugidą (instrumental singular)
abugidami (instrumental plural)
abugidzie (locative singular)
abugidach (locative plural)
abugido (singular vocative)
abugidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ge'ez አቡጊዳ (ʾäbugida). First attested in the 21st century.

Podstawowe pole badań nad pismem fonograficznym podzielone jest na cztery obszary grafemiczne: pisma głoskowe (alfabet), sylabiczne, abdżad oraz abugidę.

2018, Aleksandra Smoczyńska, “Grafemika jako dział językoznawstwa-rozważania teoretyczne i perspektywy badań interdyscyplinarnych”, in Linguistica Copernicana, volume 15, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN:

The basic field of the studies on phonographic writing is divided into four graphemic fields: vocalic writing (alphabet), syllabic, abjad, as well as abugida.


narrator

pl-noun

narrator m pers (female equivalent narratorka, related adjective narratorski)

narratorka (feminine)
narratorski (adjective)
narrator (nominative singular)
narratorzy (nominative plural)
narratory (derogatory nominative plural)
narratora (genitive singular)
narratorów (genitive plural)
narratorowi (dative singular)
narratorom (dative plural)
narratora (accusative singular)
narratorów (accusative plural)
narratorem (instrumental singular)
narratorami (instrumental plural)
narratorze (locative singular)
narratorach (locative plural)
narratorze (singular vocative)
narratorzy (plural vocative)

(narratology) narrator (one who narrates or tells stories)


Demeter

(Greek mythology) Demeter (goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone)


anagram

anagram (nominative singular)
anagramy (nominative plural)
anagramu (genitive singular)
anagramów (genitive plural)
anagramowi (dative singular)
anagramom (dative plural)
anagram (accusative singular)
anagramy (accusative plural)
anagramem (instrumental singular)
anagramami (instrumental plural)
anagramie (locative singular)
anagramach (locative plural)
anagramie (singular vocative)
anagramy (plural vocative)
anagrama (alternative obsolete)
anagramma (alternative obsolete)
anagramat (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French anagramme. By surface analysis, ana- + -gram. First attested in 1677–1694.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (30.08.2022) “ANAGRAMA, *ANAGRAMAT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

anagram nazwiska

anagram imienia

anagram słowa

anagram nazwy

+obj

(linguistics) anagram [with genitive or od (+ genitive) ‘of what’]


Europa

europejski (adjective)
Europa (nominative singular)
Europy (genitive singular)
Europie (dative singular)
Europę (accusative singular)
Europą (instrumental singular)
Europie (locative singular)
Europo (singular vocative)

Etymology tree
Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa)bor.
Latin Eurōpalbor.
Polish Europa
Learned borrowing from Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

etymon

(Greek mythology) Europa (several characters, most notably a Phoenician princess abducted to Crete by Zeus)


anhedonia

anhedonia (nominative singular)
anhedonii (genitive singular)
anhedonii (dative singular)
anhedonię (accusative singular)
anhedonią (instrumental singular)
anhedonii (locative singular)
anhedonio (singular vocative)

(medicine, psychiatry) anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities, or social interactions)


alfabet

alfabet (nominative singular)
alfabety (nominative plural)
alfabetu (genitive singular)
alfabetów (genitive plural)
alfabetowi (dative singular)
alfabetom (dative plural)
alfabet (accusative singular)
alfabety (accusative plural)
alfabetem (instrumental singular)
alfabetami (instrumental plural)
alfabecie (locative singular)
alfabetach (locative plural)
alfabecie (singular vocative)
alfabety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; borrowed from German Alphabet or French alphabet, ultimately from Latin alphabētum. First attested in 1624–1639.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (08.02.2018) “ALFABET”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(linguistics) alphabet (collection of letters in a given order)


angst

angst (nominative singular)
angsty (nominative plural)
angstu (genitive singular)
angstów (genitive plural)
angstowi (dative singular)
angstom (dative plural)
angst (accusative singular)
angsty (accusative plural)
angstem (instrumental singular)
angstami (instrumental plural)
angście (locative singular)
angstach (locative plural)
angście (singular vocative)
angsty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German angest.

(philosophy) angst (philosophical anxiety)


argot

argot (nominative singular)
argoty (nominative plural)
argotu (genitive singular)
argotów (genitive plural)
argotowi (dative singular)
argotom (dative plural)
argot (accusative singular)
argoty (accusative plural)
argotem (instrumental singular)
argotami (instrumental plural)
argocie (locative singular)
argotach (locative plural)
argocie (singular vocative)
argoty (plural vocative)

(linguistics, literary) argot, jargon, slang


Argus

Argus (nominative singular)
Argusa (genitive singular)
Argusowi (dative singular)
Argusa (accusative singular)
Argusem (instrumental singular)
Argusie (locative singular)
Argusie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄργος (Árgos).


lar

lar (nominative singular)
lary (nominative plural)
lara (genitive singular)
larów (genitive plural)
larowi (dative singular)
larom (dative plural)
lara (accusative singular)
lary (accusative plural)
larem (instrumental singular)
larami (instrumental plural)
larze (locative singular)
larach (locative plural)
larze (singular vocative)
lary (plural vocative)

(Roman mythology, chiefly in the plural) lar (household god, particularly overseeing the family itself)


lemma

lemma (nominative singular)
lemmy (nominative plural)
lemmy (genitive singular)
lemm (genitive plural)
lemmie (dative singular)
lemmom (dative plural)
lemmę (accusative singular)
lemmy (accusative plural)
lemmą (instrumental singular)
lemmami (instrumental plural)
lemmie (locative singular)
lemmach (locative plural)
lemmo (singular vocative)
lemmy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
migu (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
mig (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(linguistics) sign (specific gesture or motion used to communicate by those with speaking or hearing difficulties; now specifically, a linguistic unit in sign language equivalent to a word in spoken languages)


berserk

berserk (nominative singular)
berserkowie (nominative plural)
berserka (genitive singular)
berserków (genitive plural)
berserkowi (dative singular)
berserkom (dative plural)
berserka (accusative singular)
berserków (accusative plural)
berserkiem (instrumental singular)
berserkami (instrumental plural)
berserku (locative singular)
berserkach (locative plural)
berserku (singular vocative)
berserkowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse berserkr.

(historical, Norse mythology) berserker (Norse warrior who purportedly fought in a trance-like frenzy)


troll

troll (nominative singular)
trolle (nominative plural)
trolla (genitive singular)
trolli (genitive plural)
trollowi (dative singular)
trollom (dative plural)
trolla (accusative singular)
trolle (accusative plural)
trollem (instrumental singular)
trollami (instrumental plural)
trollu (locative singular)
trollach (locative plural)
trollu (singular vocative)
trolle (plural vocative)

(European folklore, Norse mythology) troll (grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges)


Baal

Baal (nominative singular)
Baala (genitive singular)
Baalowi (dative singular)
Baala (accusative singular)
Baalem (instrumental singular)
Baalu (locative singular)
Baalu (singular vocative)

(mythology, biblical) Baal (storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons)


Hades

Hades (nominative singular)
Hadesa (genitive singular)
Hadesowi (dative singular)
Hadesa (accusative singular)
Hadesem (instrumental singular)
Hadesie (locative singular)
Hadesie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs).


Hades

Hades (nominative singular)
Hadesu (genitive singular)
Hadesowi (dative singular)
Hades (accusative singular)
Hadesem (instrumental singular)
Hadesie (locative singular)
Hadesie (singular vocative)


a priori

pl-adj

a priori (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ā priōrī (“involving reasoning from cause to effect; from first principles”, literally “from the former”).


etymon

etymon (nominative singular)
etymony (nominative plural)
etymonu (genitive singular)
etymonów (genitive plural)
etymonowi (dative singular)
etymonom (dative plural)
etymon (accusative singular)
etymony (accusative plural)
etymonem (instrumental singular)
etymonami (instrumental plural)
etymonie (locative singular)
etymonach (locative plural)
etymonie (singular vocative)
etymony (plural vocative)

(linguistics) etymon (ancestral form or source word)


spleen

spleen (nominative singular)
spleeny (nominative plural)
spleenu (genitive singular)
spleenów (genitive plural)
spleenowi (dative singular)
spleenom (dative plural)
spleen (accusative singular)
spleeny (accusative plural)
spleenem (instrumental singular)
spleenami (instrumental plural)
spleenie (locative singular)
spleenach (locative plural)
spleenie (singular vocative)
spleeny (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English spleen.

(clinical psychology, medicine) alternative spelling of splin


aporia

aporia (nominative singular)
aporii (genitive singular)
aporii (dative singular)
aporię (accusative singular)
aporią (instrumental singular)
aporii (locative singular)
aporio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


a posteriori

pl-adj

a posteriori (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī.

lbor

(literary, logic, philosophy) a posteriori


parabola

parabola (nominative singular)
parabole (nominative plural)
paraboli (genitive singular)
paraboli (genitive plural)
parabol (genitive plural)
paraboli (dative singular)
parabolom (dative plural)
parabolę (accusative singular)
parabole (accusative plural)
parabolą (instrumental singular)
parabolami (instrumental plural)
paraboli (locative singular)
parabolach (locative plural)
parabolo (singular vocative)
parabole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin parabola. Doublet of parol.


Eris

(Greek mythology) Eris (Greek goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War)


trauma

trauma (nominative singular)
traumy (nominative plural)
traumy (genitive singular)
traum (genitive plural)
traumie (dative singular)
traumom (dative plural)
traumę (accusative singular)
traumy (accusative plural)
traumą (instrumental singular)
traumami (instrumental plural)
traumie (locative singular)
traumach (locative plural)
traumo (singular vocative)
traumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).


satyr

satyr (nominative singular)
satyrowie (nominative plural)
satyra (genitive singular)
satyrów (genitive plural)
satyrowi (dative singular)
satyrom (dative plural)
satyra (accusative singular)
satyrów (accusative plural)
satyrem (instrumental singular)
satyrami (instrumental plural)
satyrze (locative singular)
satyrach (locative plural)
satyrze (singular vocative)
satyrowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French satyre, from Latin satyrus, from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos).


etymologia

pl-noun

etymologia f (related adjective etymologiczny, abbreviation etym.)

etymologiczny (adjective)
etym. (abbreviation)
etymologia (nominative singular)
etymologie (nominative plural)
etymologii (genitive singular)
etymologii (genitive plural)
etymologij (archaic genitive plural)
etymologii (dative singular)
etymologiom (dative plural)
etymologię (accusative singular)
etymologie (accusative plural)
etymologią (instrumental singular)
etymologiami (instrumental plural)
etymologii (locative singular)
etymologiach (locative plural)
etymologio (singular vocative)
etymologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin etymologia.

(linguistics) etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)


sfera

sferowy (adjective)
sfera (nominative singular)
sfery (nominative plural)
sfery (genitive singular)
sfer (genitive plural)
sferze (dative singular)
sferom (dative plural)
sferę (accusative singular)
sfery (accusative plural)
sferą (instrumental singular)
sferami (instrumental plural)
sferze (locative singular)
sferach (locative plural)
sfero (singular vocative)
sfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sphere, French sphère, German Sphäre, ultimately from Latin sphaera.

(sociology) sphere (group of people distinguished on the basis of origin, education, social or material status, interests, etc.)


forma

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective foremny)

foremka (diminutive)
foremny (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

(grammar) form (particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech)

(philosophy) form (inherent nature of an object; that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing; that in which the essence of a thing consists)


decorum

decorum (nominative singular)
decora (nominative plural)
decorum (genitive singular)
decorów (genitive plural)
decorum (dative singular)
decorom (dative plural)
decorum (accusative singular)
decora (accusative plural)
decorum (instrumental singular)
decorami (instrumental plural)
decorum (locative singular)
decorach (locative plural)
decorum (singular vocative)
decora (plural vocative)
dekorum (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin decōrum. Doublet of dekoracja and dekorować.

(anthropology) decorum (appropriate social behavior; propriety)


heros

heros (nominative singular)
herosi (nominative plural)
herosowie (nominative plural)
herosa (genitive singular)
herosów (genitive plural)
herosowi (dative singular)
herosom (dative plural)
herosa (accusative singular)
herosów (accusative plural)
herosem (instrumental singular)
herosami (instrumental plural)
herosie (locative singular)
herosach (locative plural)
herosie (singular vocative)
herosi (plural vocative)
herosowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin hērōs, from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs). Doublet of gieroj.


energia

energia (nominative singular)
energie (nominative plural)
energii (genitive singular)
energii (genitive plural)
energij (archaic genitive plural)
energii (dative singular)
energiom (dative plural)
energię (accusative singular)
energie (accusative plural)
energią (instrumental singular)
energiami (instrumental plural)
energii (locative singular)
energiach (locative plural)
energio (singular vocative)
energie (plural vocative)
energija (alternative Middle Polish)
energja (alternative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Energie or French énergie, ultimately from Latin energīa. First attested in 1606. Compare Kashubian energiô and Silesian ynergijŏ.

ref

Rozmowa o rokoszu (in Polish), 1606, page 111: “Nuż co była sama energia, sama medulla rokoszu tego, na żołnierza utriusque partis i na sługi senatorskie i panięce: »Kto cnotliwy, do braciej!« nie zawołano.”

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) energy (form as opposed to matter as potency)


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(clinical psychology) echolalia (immediate, involuntary, and repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another)


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(criminology, psychology) offender profile


Loki

Loki (nominative singular)
Lokiego (genitive singular)
Lokiemu (dative singular)
Lokiego (accusative singular)
Lokim (instrumental singular)
Lokim (locative singular)
Loki (singular vocative)

(Norse mythology) Loki (the god of mischief and trickery)


superego

From super- + ego. Calque of German Über-Ich.

(psychoanalysis) superego (part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt)


Helios

Helios (nominative singular)
Heliosa (genitive singular)
Heliosowi (dative singular)
Heliosa (accusative singular)
Heliosem (instrumental singular)
Heliosie (locative singular)
Heliosie (singular vocative)


Hermes

Hermes (nominative singular)
Hermesa (genitive singular)
Hermesowi (dative singular)
Hermesa (accusative singular)
Hermesem (instrumental singular)
Hermesie (locative singular)
Hermesie (singular vocative)


Hestia

Hestia (nominative singular)
Hestii (genitive singular)
Hestii (dative singular)
Hestię (accusative singular)
Hestią (instrumental singular)
Hestii (locative singular)
Hestio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἑστία (Hestía), from ἑστία (hestía, “hearth”).


Diana

Diana (nominative singular)
Diany (genitive singular)
Dianie (dative singular)
Dianę (accusative singular)
Dianą (instrumental singular)
Dianie (locative singular)
Diano (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Diāna, from Latin Dīāna, from Old Latin Dīvāna.


znak

pl-noun

znak m inan (diminutive znaczek, related adjective znakowy)

znaczek (diminutive)
znakowy (adjective)
znak (nominative singular)
znaki (nominative plural)
znaku (genitive singular)
znaków (genitive plural)
znakowi (dative singular)
znakom (dative plural)
znak (accusative singular)
znaki (accusative plural)
znakiem (instrumental singular)
znakami (instrumental plural)
znaku (locative singular)
znakach (locative plural)
znaku (singular vocative)
znaki (plural vocative)

(obsolete, philosophy) sign (trait, characteristic)


faun

fauni (adjective)
faun (nominative singular)
faunowie (nominative plural)
fauny (derogatory nominative plural)
fauna (genitive singular)
faunów (genitive plural)
faunowi (dative singular)
faunom (dative plural)
fauna (accusative singular)
faunów (accusative plural)
faunem (instrumental singular)
faunami (instrumental plural)
faunie (locative singular)
faunach (locative plural)
faunie (singular vocative)
faunowie (plural vocative)
fauny (derogatory plural vocative)

(Roman mythology) faun (woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry)


Hebe

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἥβη (Hḗbē), from ἥβη (hḗbē).


Apollo

Apollo (nominative singular)
Apolla (genitive singular)
Apollina (genitive singular)
Apollowi (dative singular)
Apollinowi (dative singular)
Apolla (accusative singular)
Apollina (accusative singular)
Apollem (instrumental singular)
Apollinem (instrumental singular)
Apollu (locative singular)
Apollinie (locative singular)
Apollu (singular vocative)
Apollinie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Apollō, from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Apollo (son of Zeus)


Atlas

Atlas (nominative singular)
Atlasa (genitive singular)
Atlasowi (dative singular)
Atlasa (accusative singular)
Atlasem (instrumental singular)
Atlasie (locative singular)
Atlasie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Atlas (titan who holds the sky)


Aurora

Aurora (nominative singular)
Aurory (nominative plural)
Aurory (genitive singular)
Auror (genitive plural)
Aurorze (dative singular)
Aurorom (dative plural)
Aurorę (accusative singular)
Aurory (accusative plural)
Aurorą (instrumental singular)
Aurorami (instrumental plural)
Aurorze (locative singular)
Aurorach (locative plural)
Auroro (singular vocative)
Aurory (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Aurora (Roman goddess of the dawn, sister of Luna and Sol; equivalent of the Greek Eos)


Echo

(Greek mythology) Echo (oread punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others)


Faun

Faun (nominative singular)
Fauna (genitive singular)
Faunowi (dative singular)
Fauna (accusative singular)
Faunem (instrumental singular)
Faunie (locative singular)
Faunie (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) Faunus (rustic god of the forest, plains, and fields)


Flora

Flora (nominative singular)
Flory (nominative plural)
Flory (genitive singular)
Flor (genitive plural)
Florze (dative singular)
Florom (dative plural)
Florę (accusative singular)
Flory (accusative plural)
Florą (instrumental singular)
Florami (instrumental plural)
Florze (locative singular)
Florach (locative plural)
Floro (singular vocative)
Flory (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Flora (goddess of flowers)


Hydra

Hydra (nominative singular)
Hydry (genitive singular)
Hydrze (dative singular)
Hydrę (accusative singular)
Hydrą (instrumental singular)
Hydrze (locative singular)
Hydro (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hydra (mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours)


Hymen

Hymen (nominative singular)
Hymena (genitive singular)
Hymenowi (dative singular)
Hymena (accusative singular)
Hymenem (instrumental singular)
Hymenie (locative singular)
Hymenie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hymen, Hymenaeus, Hymenaios (god of marriage and marriage ceremonies)


Io

(Greek mythology) Io (daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer)


Luna

Luna (nominative singular)
Luny (nominative plural)
Luny (genitive singular)
Lun (genitive plural)
Lunie (dative singular)
Lunom (dative plural)
Lunę (accusative singular)
Luny (accusative plural)
Luną (instrumental singular)
Lunami (instrumental plural)
Lunie (locative singular)
Lunach (locative plural)
Luno (singular vocative)
Luny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Luna (Roman goddess of the moon, sister of Aurora and Sol; equivalent to the Greek Selene)


Mars

marsowy (adjective)
Mars (nominative singular)
Marsa (genitive singular)
Marsowi (dative singular)
Marsa (accusative singular)
Marsem (instrumental singular)
Marsie (locative singular)
Marsie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Mārs. Doublet of marzec.

(Roman mythology) Mars (Roman god of war)


Minotaur

Minotaur (nominative singular)
Minotaura (genitive singular)
Minotaurowi (dative singular)
Minotaura (accusative singular)
Minotaurem (instrumental singular)
Minotaurze (locative singular)
Minotaurze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Minotaurus, from Ancient Greek Μινώταυρος (Minṓtauros).

(Greek mythology) Minotaur (monster, half man and half bull, who dwelled in the labyrinth in Crete and who was killed by Theseus)


Pan

Pan (nominative singular)
Pana (genitive singular)
Panowi (dative singular)
Pana (accusative singular)
Panem (instrumental singular)
Panie (locative singular)
Panie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Pan, from Ancient Greek Πάν (Pán).

(Greek mythology) Pan (Greek god of nature)


Panna

Panna (nominative singular)
Panny (genitive singular)
Pannie (dative singular)
Pannę (accusative singular)
Panną (instrumental singular)
Pannie (locative singular)
Panno (singular vocative)


Pluton

Pluton (nominative singular)
Plutona (genitive singular)
Plutonowi (dative singular)
Plutona (accusative singular)
Plutonem (instrumental singular)
Plutonie (locative singular)
Plutonie (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology, Greek mythology) Pluto (god)


Psyche

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Psyche (personification of the soul; originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas)


Ra

(Egyptian mythology) Ra (Egyptian god of the Sun)


Set

Set (nominative singular)
Seta (genitive singular)
Setowi (dative singular)
Seta (accusative singular)
Setem (instrumental singular)
Secie (locative singular)
Secie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Set (ancient Egyptian god of chaos, thunder and storms, and destruction, commonly depicted as the Set animal)


Uran

Uran (nominative singular)
Urana (genitive singular)
Uranowi (dative singular)
Urana (accusative singular)
Uranem (instrumental singular)
Uranie (locative singular)
Uranie (singular vocative)


koine

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κοινή (koinḗ).

(linguistics) koine (regional language that becomes standard over time)


sacrum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin sacrum. Doublet of sakra.

(anthropology) sacrum (the sacred world)


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


Neptun

Neptun (nominative singular)
Neptuna (genitive singular)
Neptunowi (dative singular)
Neptuna (accusative singular)
Neptunem (instrumental singular)
Neptunie (locative singular)
Neptunie (singular vocative)


balsam

pl-noun

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)

balsamowy (adjective)
balsam (nominative singular)
balsamy (nominative plural)
balsamu (genitive singular)
balsamów (genitive plural)
balsamowi (dative singular)
balsamom (dative plural)
balsam (accusative singular)
balsamy (accusative plural)
balsamem (instrumental singular)
balsamami (instrumental plural)
balsamie (locative singular)
balsamach (locative plural)
balsamie (singular vocative)
balsamy (plural vocative)
Balsamus (alternative Middle Polish)
balzam (alternative Middle Polish)
bałzam (alternative Middle Polish)
bałsam (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

(historical, Egyptology) embalming substance


Asgard

Asgard (nominative singular)
Asgardu (genitive singular)
Asgardowi (dative singular)
Asgard (accusative singular)
Asgardem (instrumental singular)
Asgardzie (locative singular)
Asgardzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Ásgarðr.

lbor

(Norse mythology) Asgard (realm of the Æsir gods)


pismo

pisemko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismom (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismem (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

(countable, linguistics) script, writing system (system of graphemes used to record sounds or concepts; all letters making up a given alphabet)


tarot

tarot (nominative singular)
tarota (genitive singular)
tarotowi (dative singular)
tarot (accusative singular)
tarotem (instrumental singular)
tarocie (locative singular)
tarocie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French tarot, from Italian tarocco.

(cartomancy) tarot (any of the set of 78 playing cards (divided into five suits, including one of permanent trumps), often used for mystical divination)


Tantal

Tantal (nominative singular)
Tantala (genitive singular)
Tantalowi (dative singular)
Tantala (accusative singular)
Tantalem (instrumental singular)
Tantalu (locative singular)
Tantalu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Tantalus, from Ancient Greek Τάνταλος (Tántalos). Doublet of tantal.

(Greek mythology) Tantalus (condemned Phrygian king)


gestalt

gestalt (nominative singular)
gestalty (nominative plural)
gestaltu (genitive singular)
gestaltów (genitive plural)
gestaltowi (dative singular)
gestaltom (dative plural)
gestalt (accusative singular)
gestalty (accusative plural)
gestaltem (instrumental singular)
gestaltami (instrumental plural)
gestalcie (locative singular)
gestaltach (locative plural)
gestalcie (singular vocative)
gestalty (plural vocative)
Gestalt (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt. Doublet of kształt.


sabat

pl-noun

sabat m inan (related adjective sabatowy)

sabatowy (adjective)
sabat (nominative singular)
sabaty (nominative plural)
sabatu (genitive singular)
sabatów (genitive plural)
sabatowi (dative singular)
sabatom (dative plural)
sabat (accusative singular)
sabaty (accusative plural)
sabatem (instrumental singular)
sabatami (instrumental plural)
sabacie (locative singular)
sabatach (locative plural)
sabacie (singular vocative)
sabaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sabbatum. Doublet of sobota, szabas, and szabat.

(Christianity, Judaism or historical or occult) alternative form of szabat


Ceres

(Roman mythology) Ceres (Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility)


gigant

gigant (nominative singular)
giganci (nominative plural)
giganty (derogatory nominative plural)
giganta (genitive singular)
gigantów (genitive plural)
gigantowi (dative singular)
gigantom (dative plural)
giganta (accusative singular)
gigantów (accusative plural)
gigantem (instrumental singular)
gigantami (instrumental plural)
gigancie (locative singular)
gigantach (locative plural)
gigancie (singular vocative)
giganci (plural vocative)
Gigant (alternative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) giant (Greek mythological creature)


Skorpion

Skorpion (nominative singular)
Skorpiona (genitive singular)
Skorpionowi (dative singular)
Skorpiona (accusative singular)
Skorpionem (instrumental singular)
Skorpionie (locative singular)
Skorpionie (singular vocative)

(astrology) Scorpio, a Zodiac sign used in astrology


mamut

mamut m animal (related adjective mamuci or mamutowy)

mamuci (adjective)
mamutowy (adjective)
mamut (nominative singular)
mamuty (nominative plural)
mamuta (genitive singular)
mamutów (genitive plural)
mamutowi (dative singular)
mamutom (dative plural)
mamuta (accusative singular)
mamuty (accusative plural)
mamutem (instrumental singular)
mamutami (instrumental plural)
mamucie (locative singular)
mamutach (locative plural)
mamucie (singular vocative)
mamuty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mamùt

Internationalism; compare English mammoth, French mammouth, German Mammut, ultimately from Russian ма́монт (mámont).

(paleontology) mammoth (any elephant-like mammal of the genus Mammuthus)


ichor

ichor (nominative singular)
ichoru (genitive singular)
ichorowi (dative singular)
ichor (accusative singular)
ichorem (instrumental singular)
ichorze (locative singular)
ichorze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ichor.

lbor

(Greek mythology) ichor (liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods)


anapest

anapest (nominative singular)
anapesty (nominative plural)
anapestu (genitive singular)
anapestów (genitive plural)
anapestowi (dative singular)
anapestom (dative plural)
anapest (accusative singular)
anapesty (accusative plural)
anapestem (instrumental singular)
anapestami (instrumental plural)
anapeście (locative singular)
anapestach (locative plural)
anapeście (singular vocative)
anapesty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin anapaestus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπαιστος (anápaistos). First attested in 1817.

ref

Pamiętnik warszawski, czyli dziennik nauk i umieiętności (in Polish), numbers no. 2, 5, 1817, page 157


kobold

kobold (nominative singular)
koboldy (nominative plural)
kobolda (genitive singular)
koboldów (genitive plural)
koboldowi (dative singular)
koboldom (dative plural)
kobolda (accusative singular)
koboldy (accusative plural)
koboldem (instrumental singular)
koboldami (instrumental plural)
koboldzie (locative singular)
koboldach (locative plural)
koboldzie (singular vocative)
koboldy (plural vocative)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (ambivalent, sometimes vindictive, spirit that is capable of materialising as an object or human, often a child)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household)


logogram

logogram (nominative singular)
logogramy (nominative plural)
logogramu (genitive singular)
logogramów (genitive plural)
logogramowi (dative singular)
logogramom (dative plural)
logogram (accusative singular)
logogramy (accusative plural)
logogramem (instrumental singular)
logogramami (instrumental plural)
logogramie (locative singular)
logogramach (locative plural)
logogramie (singular vocative)
logogramy (plural vocative)


imago

imago (nominative singular)
imaga (nominative plural)
imagines (nominative plural)
imaga (genitive singular)
imag (genitive plural)
imagu (dative singular)
imagom (dative plural)
imago (accusative singular)
imaga (accusative plural)
imagiem (instrumental singular)
imagami (instrumental plural)
imagu (locative singular)
imagach (locative plural)
imago (singular vocative)
imaga (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English imago, French imago, German Imago, ultimately from Latin imāgō. Doublet of image.

(psychoanalysis) imago (idealized concept of a loved one, formed in childhood and retained unconsciously into adult life, the basis for the psychological formation of personality archetypes)


pangram

pangram (nominative singular)
pangramy (nominative plural)
pangramu (genitive singular)
pangramów (genitive plural)
pangramowi (dative singular)
pangramom (dative plural)
pangram (accusative singular)
pangramy (accusative plural)
pangramem (instrumental singular)
pangramami (instrumental plural)
pangramie (locative singular)
pangramach (locative plural)
pangramie (singular vocative)
pangramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English pangram, Spanish pangrama, French pangramme. By surface analysis, pan- + -gram.

(linguistics) pangram (sentence that contains every letter of the alphabet)


tabula rasa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin tabula rasa.

ubor

(philosophy) tabula rasa (the idea that the mind comes into the world as a blank state)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


eudemonia

eudemonia (nominative singular)
eudemonii (genitive singular)
eudemonii (dative singular)
eudemonię (accusative singular)
eudemonią (instrumental singular)
eudemonii (locative singular)
eudemonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονία (eudaimonía).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) alternative form of eudajmonia


gerundium

gerundium (nominative singular)
gerundia (nominative plural)
gerundium (genitive singular)
gerundiów (genitive plural)
gerundium (dative singular)
gerundiom (dative plural)
gerundium (accusative singular)
gerundia (accusative plural)
gerundium (instrumental singular)
gerundiami (instrumental plural)
gerundium (locative singular)
gerundiach (locative plural)
gerundium (singular vocative)
gerundia (plural vocative)


noga

pl-noun

noga f (diminutive nóżka, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożny)

nóżka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożny (adjective)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nóg (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
nogę (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogą (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, prosody) foot (basic measure of rhythm in a poem)


Horus

Horus (nominative singular)
Horusa (genitive singular)
Horusowi (dative singular)
Horusa (accusative singular)
Horusem (instrumental singular)
Horusie (locative singular)
Horusie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Horus (ancient Egyptian god of the sun, sky, war, and kingship, commonly depicted with the head of a falcon)


menhir

menhir (nominative singular)
menhiry (nominative plural)
menhiru (genitive singular)
menhirów (genitive plural)
menhirowi (dative singular)
menhirom (dative plural)
menhir (accusative singular)
menhiry (accusative plural)
menhirem (instrumental singular)
menhirami (instrumental plural)
menhirze (locative singular)
menhirach (locative plural)
menhirze (singular vocative)
menhiry (plural vocative)

(archaeology) menhir (single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times)


ideogram

ideogram (nominative singular)
ideogramy (nominative plural)
ideogramu (genitive singular)
ideogramów (genitive plural)
ideogramowi (dative singular)
ideogramom (dative plural)
ideogram (accusative singular)
ideogramy (accusative plural)
ideogramem (instrumental singular)
ideogramami (instrumental plural)
ideogramie (locative singular)
ideogramach (locative plural)
ideogramie (singular vocative)
ideogramy (plural vocative)


jamb

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


zaimek

zaimek (nominative singular)
zaimki (nominative plural)
zaimka (genitive singular)
zaimków (genitive plural)
zaimkowi (dative singular)
zaimkom (dative plural)
zaimek (accusative singular)
zaimki (accusative plural)
zaimkiem (instrumental singular)
zaimkami (instrumental plural)
zaimku (locative singular)
zaimkach (locative plural)
zaimku (singular vocative)
zaimki (plural vocative)

From za- + imię + -ek. Calque of Latin prōnōmen.


stela

stela (nominative singular)
stele (nominative plural)
steli (genitive singular)
stel (genitive plural)
steli (dative singular)
stelom (dative plural)
stelę (accusative singular)
stele (accusative plural)
stelą (instrumental singular)
stelami (instrumental plural)
steli (locative singular)
stelach (locative plural)
stelo (singular vocative)
stele (plural vocative)

(archaeology, sculpture) stele, stela (tall, slender stone monument)


melancholia

melancholia f (related adjective melancholiczny)

melancholiczny (adjective)
melancholia (nominative singular)
melancholie (nominative plural)
melancholii (genitive singular)
melancholii (genitive plural)
melancholij (archaic genitive plural)
melancholii (dative singular)
melancholiom (dative plural)
melancholię (accusative singular)
melancholie (accusative plural)
melancholią (instrumental singular)
melancholiami (instrumental plural)
melancholii (locative singular)
melancholiach (locative plural)
melancholio (singular vocative)
melancholie (plural vocative)
mankalija (alternative)
mankolia (alternative)
mankolija (alternative)
mankoliá (alternative)
menkolijá (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).


abulia

abulia (nominative singular)
abulii (genitive singular)
abulii (dative singular)
abulię (accusative singular)
abulią (instrumental singular)
abulii (locative singular)
abulio (singular vocative)
abulja (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀβουλία (aboulía). First attested in 1842.

ref

Józef Majer (1842) Niemiecko-polski słownik wyrazów lekarskich, page 87


mastaba

mastaba (nominative singular)
mastaby (nominative plural)
mastaby (genitive singular)
mastab (genitive plural)
mastabie (dative singular)
mastabom (dative plural)
mastabę (accusative singular)
mastaby (accusative plural)
mastabą (instrumental singular)
mastabami (instrumental plural)
mastabie (locative singular)
mastabach (locative plural)
mastabo (singular vocative)
mastaby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْطَبَة (miṣṭaba).

bor+

(archaeology) mastaba (rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that were situated on flat land)


scholia

scholia (nominative plural)
scholiów (genitive plural)
scholiom (dative plural)
scholia (accusative plural)
scholiami (instrumental plural)
scholiach (locative plural)
scholia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σχόλῐᾰ (skhólĭă).

lbor

(linguistics) scholia (commentaries written in the margins of Greek and Latin manuscripts)


alter ego

Learned borrowing from Latin alter egō̆.

(psychology, psychiatry) alter ego (individual's alternate personality or persona; another self)


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


sonda

sonda (nominative singular)
sondy (nominative plural)
sondy (genitive singular)
sond (genitive plural)
sondzie (dative singular)
sondom (dative plural)
sondę (accusative singular)
sondy (accusative plural)
sondą (instrumental singular)
sondami (instrumental plural)
sondzie (locative singular)
sondach (locative plural)
sondo (singular vocative)
sondy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sonde, from Middle French, from Old French sonde, from Old English sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)-.


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Middle Polish, philosophy) form (in Aristotle's philosophy, the principle that shapes matter into a specific being)


Helena

Helenka (diminutive)
Hela (diminutive)
Helena (nominative singular)
Heleny (nominative plural)
Heleny (genitive singular)
Helen (genitive plural)
Helenie (dative singular)
Helenom (dative plural)
Helenę (accusative singular)
Heleny (accusative plural)
Heleną (instrumental singular)
Helenami (instrumental plural)
Helenie (locative singular)
Helenach (locative plural)
Heleno (singular vocative)
Heleny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (goddess worshipped in Laconia and Rhodes)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War)


jer

jer (nominative singular)
jery (nominative plural)
jeru (genitive singular)
jerów (genitive plural)
jerowi (dative singular)
jerom (dative plural)
jer (accusative singular)
jery (accusative plural)
jerem (instrumental singular)
jerami (instrumental plural)
jerze (locative singular)
jerach (locative plural)
jerze (singular vocative)
jery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ер (jer), from Old Church Slavonic ѥръ (jerŭ).


Midas

Midas (nominative singular)
Midasa (genitive singular)
Midasowi (dative singular)
Midasa (accusative singular)
Midasem (instrumental singular)
Midasie (locative singular)
Midasie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Midās, from Ancient Greek Μίδᾱς (Mídās), from Phrygian Μιδας (Midas).

(Greek mythology) Midas (king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold)


panteizm

panteizm (nominative singular)
panteizmu (genitive singular)
panteizmowi (dative singular)
panteizm (accusative singular)
panteizmem (instrumental singular)
panteizmie (locative singular)
panteizmie (singular vocative)


ateizm

ateizm (nominative singular)
ateizmu (genitive singular)
ateizmowi (dative singular)
ateizm (accusative singular)
ateizmem (instrumental singular)
ateizmie (locative singular)
ateizmie (singular vocative)


glosa

glosa (nominative singular)
glosy (nominative plural)
glosy (genitive singular)
glos (genitive plural)
glosie (dative singular)
glosom (dative plural)
glosę (accusative singular)
glosy (accusative plural)
glosą (instrumental singular)
glosami (instrumental plural)
glosie (locative singular)
glosach (locative plural)
gloso (singular vocative)
glosy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glōssa, from Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă).

(lexicography) gloss (brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or complex expression)


panteon

panteon (nominative singular)
panteony (nominative plural)
panteonu (genitive singular)
panteonów (genitive plural)
panteonowi (dative singular)
panteonom (dative plural)
panteon (accusative singular)
panteony (accusative plural)
panteonem (instrumental singular)
panteonami (instrumental plural)
panteonie (locative singular)
panteonach (locative plural)
panteonie (singular vocative)
panteony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Pantheon, from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pántheion), neuter of πάνθειος (pántheios), from πᾶν (pân) + θείος (theíos), from θεός (theós).

(mythology) pantheon (all the gods of a particular religion)


łacina

łaciński (adjective)
łacina (nominative singular)
łaciny (genitive singular)
łacinie (dative singular)
łacinę (accusative singular)
łaciną (instrumental singular)
łacinie (locative singular)
łacino (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish łacina, from Latin (lingua) Latīna.

(colloquial, linguistics) vulgar, abusive words, insults, or curses


imię

im. (abbreviation)
imię (nominative singular)
imiona (nominative plural)
imienia (genitive singular)
imion (genitive plural)
imieniu (dative singular)
imionom (dative plural)
imię (accusative singular)
imiona (accusative plural)
imieniem (instrumental singular)
imionami (instrumental plural)
imieniu (locative singular)
imionach (locative plural)
imię (singular vocative)
imiona (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish imię. Cognate with English name and English noun.

imię rzeczowne

imię pospolite

imię własne

imię przymiotne

imię liczbowe

(grammar, obsolete, except in set phrases) nominal (any term declining for case)


rodzina

pl-noun

rodzina f (diminutive rodzinka, related adjective rodzinny, abbreviation rodz.)

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzinny (adjective)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinom (dative plural)
rodzinę (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodziną (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, ród + -ina.

z rodziną najlepiej wychodzi się na zdjęciu

family (group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order)

(linguistics) family (group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language)


słowo

słówko (diminutive)
słowo (nominative singular)
słowa (nominative plural)
słowa (genitive singular)
słów (genitive plural)
słowu (dative singular)
słowom (dative plural)
słowo (accusative singular)
słowa (accusative plural)
słowem (instrumental singular)
słowami (instrumental plural)
słowy (instrumental plural)
słowie (locative singular)
słowach (locative plural)
słowo (singular vocative)
słowa (plural vocative)

(grammar, dated) verb (word that indicates an action, event, or state of being)


czas

czas (nominative singular)
czasy (nominative plural)
czasu (genitive singular)
czasów (genitive plural)
czasowi (dative singular)
czasom (dative plural)
czas (accusative singular)
czasy (accusative plural)
czasem (instrumental singular)
czasami (instrumental plural)
czasy (instrumental plural)
czasie (locative singular)
czasach (locative plural)
czasie (singular vocative)
czasy (plural vocative)


ascendent

ascendent (nominative singular)
ascendenty (nominative plural)
ascendentu (genitive singular)
ascendentów (genitive plural)
ascendentowi (dative singular)
ascendentom (dative plural)
ascendent (accusative singular)
ascendenty (accusative plural)
ascendentem (instrumental singular)
ascendentami (instrumental plural)
ascendencie (locative singular)
ascendentach (locative plural)
ascendencie (singular vocative)
ascendenty (plural vocative)
ascedent (alternative archaic)


native speaker

native speaker m pers (female equivalent native speakerka)

native speakerka (feminine)
native speaker (nominative singular)
native speakerzy (nominative plural)
native speakery (derogatory nominative plural)
native speakera (genitive singular)
native speakerów (genitive plural)
native speakerowi (dative singular)
native speakerom (dative plural)
native speakera (accusative singular)
native speakerów (accusative plural)
native speakerem (instrumental singular)
native speakerami (instrumental plural)
native speakerze (locative singular)
native speakerach (locative plural)
native speakerze (singular vocative)
native speakerzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English native speaker.


Agamemnon

Agamemnon (nominative singular)
Agamemnona (genitive singular)
Agamemnonowi (dative singular)
Agamemnona (accusative singular)
Agamemnonem (instrumental singular)
Agamemnonie (locative singular)
Agamemnonie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Agamemnōn, from Ancient Greek Ἀγαμέμνων (Agamémnōn).

(Greek mythology) Agamemnon (son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus, famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war)


biofeedback

biofeedback (nominative singular)
biofeedbacku (genitive singular)
biofeedbackowi (dative singular)
biofeedback (accusative singular)
biofeedbackiem (instrumental singular)
biofeedbacku (locative singular)
biofeedbacku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English biofeedback. By surface analysis, bio- + feedback. First attested in 1976.

technika biofeedbacku

(physiology, psychiatry, psychology) biofeedback (technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will)


kalka

kalka (nominative singular)
kalki (nominative plural)
kalki (genitive singular)
kalk (genitive plural)
kalek (genitive plural)
kalce (dative singular)
kalkom (dative plural)
kalkę (accusative singular)
kalki (accusative plural)
kalką (instrumental singular)
kalkami (instrumental plural)
kalce (locative singular)
kalkach (locative plural)
kalko (singular vocative)
kalki (plural vocative)


wiatr

pl-noun

wiatr m inan (diminutive wietrzyk or wiaterek, augmentative wietrzysko, related adjective wietrzny)

wietrzyk (diminutive)
wiaterek (diminutive)
wietrzysko (augmentative)
wietrzny (adjective)
wiatr (nominative singular)
wiatry (nominative plural)
wiatru (genitive singular)
wiatrów (genitive plural)
wiatrowi (dative singular)
wiatrom (dative plural)
wiatr (accusative singular)
wiatry (accusative plural)
wiatrem (instrumental singular)
wiatrami (instrumental plural)
wietrze (locative singular)
wiatrach (locative plural)
wietrze (singular vocative)
wiatry (plural vocative)

(philosophy, alchemy) wind; air (one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans)


analogia

analogia (nominative singular)
analogie (nominative plural)
analogii (genitive singular)
analogii (genitive plural)
analogij (archaic genitive plural)
analogii (dative singular)
analogiom (dative plural)
analogię (accusative singular)
analogie (accusative plural)
analogią (instrumental singular)
analogiami (instrumental plural)
analogii (locative singular)
analogiach (locative plural)
analogio (singular vocative)
analogie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía). By surface analysis, ana- + -logia. First attested in 1593.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “analogija”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(grammar) analogy (correspondence of a word or phrase with the genius of a language)


antropologia

antropologia (nominative singular)
antropologii (genitive singular)
antropologii (dative singular)
antropologię (accusative singular)
antropologią (instrumental singular)
antropologii (locative singular)
antropologio (singular vocative)


autonomia

autonomia (nominative singular)
autonomii (genitive singular)
autonomii (dative singular)
autonomię (accusative singular)
autonomią (instrumental singular)
autonomii (locative singular)
autonomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English autonomy, French autonomie, German Autonomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). By surface analysis, auto- + -nomia.

(philosophy) autonomy (the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision)


archeologia

archeol. (abbreviation)
archeologia (nominative singular)
archeologii (genitive singular)
archeologii (dative singular)
archeologię (accusative singular)
archeologią (instrumental singular)
archeologii (locative singular)
archeologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English archaeology, French archéologie, German Archäologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología). By surface analysis, archeo- + -logia.

der

(archaeology) archaeology (scientific study of past remains)


filozof

pl-noun

filozof m pers (female equivalent filozofka)

filozofka (feminine)
filozof (nominative singular)
filozofowie (nominative plural)
filozofy (derogatory nominative plural)
filozofa (genitive singular)
filozofów (genitive plural)
filozofowi (dative singular)
filozofom (dative plural)
filozofa (accusative singular)
filozofów (accusative plural)
filozofem (instrumental singular)
filozofami (instrumental plural)
filozofie (locative singular)
filozofach (locative plural)
filozofie (singular vocative)
filozofowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin philosophus.

lbor

(philosophy) philosopher (person devoted to studying philosophy)


morfologia

morfologia (nominative singular)
morfologie (nominative plural)
morfologii (genitive singular)
morfologii (genitive plural)
morfologij (archaic genitive plural)
morfologii (dative singular)
morfologiom (dative plural)
morfologię (accusative singular)
morfologie (accusative plural)
morfologią (instrumental singular)
morfologiami (instrumental plural)
morfologii (locative singular)
morfologiach (locative plural)
morfologio (singular vocative)
morfologie (plural vocative)


formant

formant (nominative singular)
formanty (nominative plural)
formantu (genitive singular)
formantów (genitive plural)
formantowi (dative singular)
formantom (dative plural)
formant (accusative singular)
formanty (accusative plural)
formantem (instrumental singular)
formantami (instrumental plural)
formancie (locative singular)
formantach (locative plural)
formancie (singular vocative)
formanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns.

(acoustics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies)

(linguistic morphology) formative (language unit, typically a morph, that has a morphological function)


Eos

Learned borrowing from Latin Ēōs. Doublet of aurora.

(Greek mythology) Eos (Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi, and the five Astra Planeta; equivalent of the Roman Aurora)


Anubis

Anubis (nominative singular)
Anubisa (genitive singular)
Anubisowi (dative singular)
Anubisa (accusative singular)
Anubisem (instrumental singular)
Anubisie (locative singular)
Anubisie (singular vocative)

(Egyptian mythology) Anubis (ancient Egyptian god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal)


apatia

apatia (nominative singular)
apatii (genitive singular)
apatii (dative singular)
apatię (accusative singular)
apatią (instrumental singular)
apatii (locative singular)
apatio (singular vocative)
apatya (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French apathie, from Latin apathīa, from Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia). By surface analysis, a- + -patia.


ontologia

ontologia (nominative singular)
ontologii (genitive singular)
ontologii (dative singular)
ontologię (accusative singular)
ontologią (instrumental singular)
ontologii (locative singular)
ontologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ontology, French ontologie, German Ontologie, ultimately from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos). By surface analysis, onto- + -logia.

(philosophy) ontology (branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist)

(computer science, information science) ontology (system model in computer science)


kosmos

kosmos (nominative singular)
kosmosu (genitive singular)
kosmosowi (dative singular)
kosmos (accusative singular)
kosmosem (instrumental singular)
kosmosie (locative singular)
kosmosie (singular vocative)
Kosmos (alternative)

Internationalism; compare English cosmos, French cosmos, German Kosmos, ultimately from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos).

(philosophy) cosmos (whole world, in the sense of perspective or social setting)


abrakadabra

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(occult) abracadabra! (said by performing magician to indicate the moment of performing a magical trick or illusion)


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, occult) charm cast on amulets


monoteizm

monoteizm (nominative singular)
monoteizmu (genitive singular)
monoteizmowi (dative singular)
monoteizm (accusative singular)
monoteizmem (instrumental singular)
monoteizmie (locative singular)
monoteizmie (singular vocative)


idealista

pl-noun

idealista m pers (female equivalent idealistka)

idealistka (feminine)
idealista (nominative singular)
idealiści (nominative plural)
idealisty (derogatory nominative plural)
idealisty (genitive singular)
idealistów (genitive plural)
idealiście (dative singular)
idealistom (dative plural)
idealistę (accusative singular)
idealistów (accusative plural)
idealistą (instrumental singular)
idealistami (instrumental plural)
idealiście (locative singular)
idealistach (locative plural)
idealisto (singular vocative)
idealiści (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English idealist, French idéaliste, German Idealist, ultimately from Late Latin ideālis, from Latin idea + ālis, from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa). By surface analysis, ideał + -ista.

(philosophy) idealist (one who adheres to idealism)


grupa

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

grupka (diminutive)
grupowy (adjective)
grupa (nominative singular)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grup (genitive plural)
grupie (dative singular)
grupom (dative plural)
grupę (accusative singular)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupą (instrumental singular)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupie (locative singular)
grupach (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: grupa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus. First attested in 1765.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(grammar) phrase (a word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, always containing an expressed or implied head (the principal word or subgroup, with core importance) and often consisting of a head plus some other elaborating words)


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(linguistics) base (morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached)


Ida

Ida (nominative singular)
Idy (genitive singular)
Idzie (dative singular)
Idę (accusative singular)
Idą (instrumental singular)
Idzie (locative singular)
Ido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἴδη (Ídē).

lbor

(Greek mythology) Ida, Ide (one of the nurses of the infant Zeus on Crete)


katabasis

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek κατάβασις (katábasis).

ubor

(literature, mythology) katabasis (mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld)


kompleks

kompleks (nominative singular)
kompleksy (nominative plural)
kompleksu (genitive singular)
kompleksów (genitive plural)
kompleksowi (dative singular)
kompleksom (dative plural)
kompleks (accusative singular)
kompleksy (accusative plural)
kompleksem (instrumental singular)
kompleksami (instrumental plural)
kompleksie (locative singular)
kompleksach (locative plural)
kompleksie (singular vocative)
kompleksy (plural vocative)

(psychoanalysis) complex (psychologically based dislike or fear)


korpus

pl-noun

korpus m inan (diminutive korpusik, related adjective korpusowy)

korpusik (diminutive)
korpusowy (adjective)
korpus (nominative singular)
korpusy (nominative plural)
korpusu (genitive singular)
korpusów (genitive plural)
korpusowi (dative singular)
korpusom (dative plural)
korpus (accusative singular)
korpusy (accusative plural)
korpusem (instrumental singular)
korpusami (instrumental plural)
korpusie (locative singular)
korpusach (locative plural)
korpusie (singular vocative)
korpusy (plural vocative)

(linguistics) corpus (collection of writings)


egida

egida (nominative singular)
egidy (genitive singular)
egidzie (dative singular)
egidę (accusative singular)
egidą (instrumental singular)
egidzie (locative singular)
egido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aegida, accusative form of aegis, from Ancient Greek αἰγῐ́ς (aigĭ́s).

(Greek mythology) aegis (mythical shield of Zeus)


metateza

metateza (nominative singular)
metatezy (nominative plural)
metatezy (genitive singular)
metatez (genitive plural)
metatezie (dative singular)
metatezom (dative plural)
metatezę (accusative singular)
metatezy (accusative plural)
metatezą (instrumental singular)
metatezami (instrumental plural)
metatezie (locative singular)
metatezach (locative plural)
metatezo (singular vocative)
metatezy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).

lbor

(linguistics) metathesis (the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word)


empatia

empatia (nominative singular)
empatii (genitive singular)
empatii (dative singular)
empatię (accusative singular)
empatią (instrumental singular)
empatii (locative singular)
empatio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English empathy, from Ancient Greek ἐμπάθεια (empátheia).

(psychology) empathy (intellectual identification with another person)


makaron

makaronik (diminutive)
makaron (nominative singular)
makarony (nominative plural)
makaronu (genitive singular)
makaronów (genitive plural)
makaronowi (dative singular)
makaronom (dative plural)
makaron (accusative singular)
makarony (accusative plural)
makaronem (instrumental singular)
makaronami (instrumental plural)
makaronie (locative singular)
makaronach (locative plural)
makaronie (singular vocative)
makarony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French macaroni, from Italian maccherone, from Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría), from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários).

(ironic, linguistics) macaronism (foreign, often Latin, word, phrase, or grammatical form inserted into a sentence in one's mother tongue)


antonim

antonim (nominative singular)
antonimy (nominative plural)
antonimu (genitive singular)
antonimów (genitive plural)
antonimowi (dative singular)
antonimom (dative plural)
antonim (accusative singular)
antonimy (accusative plural)
antonimem (instrumental singular)
antonimami (instrumental plural)
antonimie (locative singular)
antonimach (locative plural)
antonimie (singular vocative)
antonimy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antonyme, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- + ὄνυμα (anti- + ónuma). By surface analysis, anty- + -onim.

der

ἀντι- + ὄνυμα


materializm

materializm (nominative singular)
materializmu (genitive singular)
materializmowi (dative singular)
materializm (accusative singular)
materializmem (instrumental singular)
materializmie (locative singular)
materializmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English materialism, French matérialisme, German Materialismus, ultimately from Latin māteriālis.


fenomen

fenomen (nominative singular)
fenomeny (nominative plural)
fenomenu (genitive singular)
fenomenów (genitive plural)
fenomenowi (dative singular)
fenomenom (dative plural)
fenomen (accusative singular)
fenomeny (accusative plural)
fenomenem (instrumental singular)
fenomenami (instrumental plural)
fenomenie (locative singular)
fenomenach (locative plural)
fenomenie (singular vocative)
fenomeny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin phaenomenon, from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon).

lbor

(philosophy) phenomenon (observable fact or occurrence)


ogień

pl-noun

ogień m inan (diminutive ogienek or ogieniek, related adjective ogniowy)

ogienek (diminutive)
ogieniek (diminutive)
ogniowy (adjective)
ogień (nominative singular)
ognie (nominative plural)
ognia (genitive singular)
ogni (genitive plural)
ogniów (genitive plural)
ogniowi (dative singular)
ogniom (dative plural)
ogień (accusative singular)
ognie (accusative plural)
ogniem (instrumental singular)
ogniami (instrumental plural)
ogniu (locative singular)
ogniach (locative plural)
ogniu (singular vocative)
ognie (plural vocative)

(philosophy, alchemy) fire (one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans)


autarkia

Borrowed from Greek αυτάρκεια (aftárkeia).

bor+

(philosophy) autarchy (the state of personal self-sufficiency)


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)
ajtiologia (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


etnografia

etnografia (nominative singular)
etnografii (genitive singular)
etnografii (dative singular)
etnografię (accusative singular)
etnografią (instrumental singular)
etnografii (locative singular)
etnografio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ethnography. By surface analysis, etno- + -grafia.


etnologia

etnologia (nominative singular)
etnologii (genitive singular)
etnologii (dative singular)
etnologię (accusative singular)
etnologią (instrumental singular)
etnologii (locative singular)
etnologio (singular vocative)


coaching

coaching (nominative singular)
coachingu (genitive singular)
coachingowi (dative singular)
coaching (accusative singular)
coachingiem (instrumental singular)
coachingu (locative singular)
coachingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English coaching.

ubor

(psychology) coaching (form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance)


finalista

pl-noun

finalista m pers (female equivalent finalistka, related adjective finalistyczny)

finalistka (feminine)
finalistyczny (adjective)
finalista (nominative singular)
finaliści (nominative plural)
finalisty (derogatory nominative plural)
finalisty (genitive singular)
finalistów (genitive plural)
finaliście (dative singular)
finalistom (dative plural)
finalistę (accusative singular)
finalistów (accusative plural)
finalistą (instrumental singular)
finalistami (instrumental plural)
finaliście (locative singular)
finalistach (locative plural)
finalisto (singular vocative)
finaliści (plural vocative)

(philosophy) finalist (supporter of finalism)


arkana

arkana (nominative plural)
arkanów (genitive plural)
arkanom (dative plural)
arkana (accusative plural)
arkanami (instrumental plural)
arkanach (locative plural)
arkana (plural vocative)
arkany (alternative)

(occult) arcana (specialized knowledge that is mysterious to the uninitiated)


klucz

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)

(linguistics) radical (element of a logogram)


osoba

osóbka (diminutive)
osoba (nominative singular)
osoby (nominative plural)
osoby (genitive singular)
osób (genitive plural)
osobie (dative singular)
osobom (dative plural)
osobę (accusative singular)
osoby (accusative plural)
osobą (instrumental singular)
osobami (instrumental plural)
osobie (locative singular)
osobach (locative plural)
osobo (singular vocative)
osoby (plural vocative)


głos

głos m inan (diminutive głosik, related adjective głosowy)

głosik (diminutive)
głosowy (adjective)
głos (nominative singular)
głosy (nominative plural)
głosu (genitive singular)
głosów (genitive plural)
głosowi (dative singular)
głosom (dative plural)
głos (accusative singular)
głosy (accusative plural)
głosem (instrumental singular)
głosami (instrumental plural)
głosie (locative singular)
głosach (locative plural)
głosie (singular vocative)
głosy (plural vocative)

(countable, Middle Polish, phonetics) phone (speech segment)