industrial

industrial (nominative singular)
industrialu (genitive singular)
industrialowi (dative singular)
industrial (accusative singular)
industrialem (instrumental singular)
industrialu (locative singular)
industrialu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English industrial.

ubor

(architecture) industrial architecture (objects of industrial and post-industrial architecture)


cebula

pl-noun

cebula f (diminutive cebulka, related adjective cebulowy)

cebulka (diminutive)
cebulowy (adjective)
cebula (nominative singular)
cebule (nominative plural)
cebuli (genitive singular)
cebul (genitive plural)
cebuli (genitive plural)
cebuli (dative singular)
cebulom (dative plural)
cebulę (accusative singular)
cebule (accusative plural)
cebulą (instrumental singular)
cebulami (instrumental plural)
cebuli (locative singular)
cebulach (locative plural)
cebulo (singular vocative)
cebule (plural vocative)
cybula (alternative Middle Polish)
czybula (alternative Middle Polish)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja), цебу́лꙗ (cebúlja), цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja)
Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)
Carpathian Rusyn: цибу́ля (cybúlja)
Ukrainian: цибу́ля (cybúlja); цебу́ля (cebúlja) (dialectal)
→ Russian: цибу́ля (cibúlja) (dialectal)

(architecture) onion-shaped dome of a building


podłoga

podłogowy (adjective)
podłoga (nominative singular)
podłogi (nominative plural)
podłogi (genitive singular)
podłog (genitive plural)
podłodze (dative singular)
podłogom (dative plural)
podłogę (accusative singular)
podłogi (accusative plural)
podłogą (instrumental singular)
podłogami (instrumental plural)
podłodze (locative singular)
podłogach (locative plural)
podłogo (singular vocative)
podłogi (plural vocative)
pôdnôga (alternative)

→ Belarusian: падло́га (padlóha)

→ Ukrainian: підло́га (pidlóha)

→ Yiddish: פּאָדלאָגע (podloge)

(architecture) floor (supporting surface of a room)


atlas

atlasik (diminutive)
atlas (nominative singular)
atlasy (nominative plural)
atlasu (genitive singular)
atlasów (genitive plural)
atlasowi (dative singular)
atlasom (dative plural)
atlas (accusative singular)
atlasy (accusative plural)
atlasem (instrumental singular)
atlasami (instrumental plural)
atlasie (locative singular)
atlasach (locative plural)
atlasie (singular vocative)
atlasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas). Doublet of atlant.

lbor

(architecture) atlas (figure of a man used as a column)


front

pl-noun

front m inan (related adjective frontowy)

frontowy (adjective)
front (nominative singular)
fronty (nominative plural)
frontu (genitive singular)
frontów (genitive plural)
frontowi (dative singular)
frontom (dative plural)
front (accusative singular)
fronty (accusative plural)
frontem (instrumental singular)
frontami (instrumental plural)
froncie (locative singular)
frontach (locative plural)
froncie (singular vocative)
fronty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: front

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Front, French front, or English front, ultimately from Latin frōns. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian frōnt.

ref

“FRONT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.03.2009

(architecture) front (side of a building with the main entrance)


luft

lufcik (diminutive)
luft (nominative singular)
luftu (genitive singular)
luftowi (dative singular)
luft (accusative singular)
luftem (instrumental singular)
lufcie (locative singular)
lufcie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Luft. Doublet of lift and loft.

(archaic, architecture) pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke


bark

barkowy (adjective)
bark (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barku (genitive singular)
barków (genitive plural)
barkowi (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
bark (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barkiem (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barku (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barku (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

(architecture, historical) side extension of a fort or fortification


portal

pl-noun

portal m inan (related adjective portalowy)

portalowy (adjective)
portal (nominative singular)
portale (nominative plural)
portalu (genitive singular)
portali (genitive plural)
portalów (genitive plural)
portalowi (dative singular)
portalom (dative plural)
portal (accusative singular)
portale (accusative plural)
portalem (instrumental singular)
portalami (instrumental plural)
portalu (locative singular)
portalach (locative plural)
portalu (singular vocative)
portale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Portal. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English portal.

sl

(architecture) portal (ornamental door frame found in stately buildings, especially churches, castles, and historic houses)

(architecture) portal (decoratively framed entrance opening found in stately buildings, especially churches, castles, and historic houses)


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.

(architecture, art, typography) ornament, adornment


transept

pl-noun

transept m inan (related adjective transeptowy)

transeptowy (adjective)
transept (nominative singular)
transepty (nominative plural)
transeptu (genitive singular)
transeptów (genitive plural)
transeptowi (dative singular)
transeptom (dative plural)
transept (accusative singular)
transepty (accusative plural)
transeptem (instrumental singular)
transeptami (instrumental plural)
transepcie (locative singular)
transeptach (locative plural)
transepcie (singular vocative)
transepty (plural vocative)

(architecture) transept (transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir)


pylon

pylon (nominative singular)
pylony (nominative plural)
pylonu (genitive singular)
pylonów (genitive plural)
pylonowi (dative singular)
pylonom (dative plural)
pylon (accusative singular)
pylony (accusative plural)
pylonem (instrumental singular)
pylonami (instrumental plural)
pylonie (locative singular)
pylonach (locative plural)
pylonie (singular vocative)
pylony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn).

lbor

(architecture) pylon (gateway to the inner part of an Ancient Egyptian temple)


parapet

parapecik (diminutive)
parapet (nominative singular)
parapety (nominative plural)
parapetu (genitive singular)
parapetów (genitive plural)
parapetowi (dative singular)
parapetom (dative plural)
parapet (accusative singular)
parapety (accusative plural)
parapetem (instrumental singular)
parapetami (instrumental plural)
parapecie (locative singular)
parapetach (locative plural)
parapecie (singular vocative)
parapety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parapet, from Italian parapetto.


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


atrium

atrium (nominative singular)
atria (nominative plural)
atrium (genitive singular)
atriów (genitive plural)
atrium (dative singular)
atriom (dative plural)
atrium (accusative singular)
atria (accusative plural)
atrium (instrumental singular)
atriami (instrumental plural)
atrium (locative singular)
atriach (locative plural)
atrium (singular vocative)
atria (plural vocative)

(architecture) atrium (a square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels)

(architecture, Ancient Rome) atrium (a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings)


podium

podium (nominative singular)
podia (nominative plural)
podium (genitive singular)
podiów (genitive plural)
podium (dative singular)
podiom (dative plural)
podium (accusative singular)
podia (accusative plural)
podium (instrumental singular)
podiami (instrumental plural)
podium (locative singular)
podiach (locative plural)
podium (singular vocative)
podia (plural vocative)


ambit

ambit (nominative singular)
ambity (nominative plural)
ambitu (genitive singular)
ambitów (genitive plural)
ambitowi (dative singular)
ambitom (dative plural)
ambit (accusative singular)
ambity (accusative plural)
ambitem (instrumental singular)
ambitami (instrumental plural)
ambicie (locative singular)
ambitach (locative plural)
ambicie (singular vocative)
ambity (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ambītus. First attested in 1577.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ambit”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

ambit katedralnego

ambit katedry


patio

patio (nominative singular)
patia (nominative plural)
patia (genitive singular)
patiów (genitive plural)
patiu (dative singular)
patiom (dative plural)
patio (accusative singular)
patia (accusative plural)
patiem (instrumental singular)
patiami (instrumental plural)
patiu (locative singular)
patiach (locative plural)
patio (singular vocative)
patia (plural vocative)

(architecture) patio (inner courtyard typical of traditional Spanish houses)


blanka

blanka (nominative singular)
blanki (nominative plural)
blanki (genitive singular)
blanek (genitive plural)
blance (dative singular)
blankom (dative plural)
blankę (accusative singular)
blanki (accusative plural)
blanką (instrumental singular)
blankami (instrumental plural)
blance (locative singular)
blankach (locative plural)
blanko (singular vocative)
blanki (plural vocative)
blank (alternative)

(architecture, military) cop, merlon (any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement)


kiosk

kiosk (nominative singular)
kioski (nominative plural)
kiosku (genitive singular)
kiosków (genitive plural)
kioskowi (dative singular)
kioskom (dative plural)
kiosk (accusative singular)
kioski (accusative plural)
kioskiem (instrumental singular)
kioskami (instrumental plural)
kiosku (locative singular)
kioskach (locative plural)
kiosku (singular vocative)
kioski (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French kiosque, from Italian chiosco, from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşk), from Persian کوشک (kôšk, “palace, portico”), from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

(architecture) kiosk (Turkish garden pavillion)


impost

impost (nominative singular)
imposty (nominative plural)
impostu (genitive singular)
impostów (genitive plural)
impostowi (dative singular)
impostom (dative plural)
impost (accusative singular)
imposty (accusative plural)
impostem (instrumental singular)
impostami (instrumental plural)
impoście (locative singular)
impostach (locative plural)
impoście (singular vocative)
imposty (plural vocative)

(architecture) impost, impost block (projecting block resting on top of a column or embedded in a wall, serving as the base for the springer or lowest voussoir of an arch)


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(architecture) profile (decorative strip projecting above the surface of a wall, furniture, etc.)


abakus

abakus (nominative singular)
abakusy (nominative plural)
abakusa (genitive singular)
abakusów (genitive plural)
abakusowi (dative singular)
abakusom (dative plural)
abakus (accusative singular)
abakusy (accusative plural)
abakusem (instrumental singular)
abakusami (instrumental plural)
abakusie (locative singular)
abakusach (locative plural)
abakusie (singular vocative)
abakusy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus. Doublet of abak.

spoczywać na abakusie

(architecture) abacus (uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave; in some cases, a flat oblong or square slab, in others, more decorated)


ucho

pl-noun

ucho n (diminutive uszko, augmentative uszysko, related adjective uszny)

uszko (diminutive)
uszysko (augmentative)
uszny (adjective)
ucho (nominative singular)
uszy (nominative plural)
ucha (genitive singular)
uszu (genitive plural)
uszów (genitive plural)
uchu (dative singular)
uszom (dative plural)
ucho (accusative singular)
uszy (accusative plural)
uchem (instrumental singular)
uszami (instrumental plural)
uszyma (instrumental plural)
uchu (locative singular)
uszach (locative plural)
ucho (singular vocative)
uszy (plural vocative)
ucho (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish ucho. The irregular plural forms are the result of fossilization of the old dual forms.

póty dzban wodę nosi, póki się ucho nie urwie

(architecture) orillon (semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, found in old fortresses)


plafon

plafon (nominative singular)
plafony (nominative plural)
plafonu (genitive singular)
plafonów (genitive plural)
plafonowi (dative singular)
plafonom (dative plural)
plafon (accusative singular)
plafony (accusative plural)
plafonem (instrumental singular)
plafonami (instrumental plural)
plafonie (locative singular)
plafonach (locative plural)
plafonie (singular vocative)
plafony (plural vocative)

(architecture) plafond (a ceiling, especially one that is ornately decorated)


balkon

balkonik (diminutive)
balkon (nominative singular)
balkony (nominative plural)
balkonu (genitive singular)
balkonów (genitive plural)
balkonowi (dative singular)
balkonom (dative plural)
balkon (accusative singular)
balkony (accusative plural)
balkonem (instrumental singular)
balkonami (instrumental plural)
balkonie (locative singular)
balkonach (locative plural)
balkonie (singular vocative)
balkony (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Frankish *balkōbor.
Medieval Latin balcōbor.
Italian balconebor.
French balconbor.
Polish balkon
Borrowed from French balcon. Doublet of belka.

etymon

(architecture) balcony (an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window)


binda

binda (nominative singular)
bindy (nominative plural)
bindy (genitive singular)
bind (genitive plural)
bindzie (dative singular)
bindom (dative plural)
bindę (accusative singular)
bindy (accusative plural)
bindą (instrumental singular)
bindami (instrumental plural)
bindzie (locative singular)
bindach (locative plural)
bindo (singular vocative)
bindy (plural vocative)
bieńda (alternative Middle Polish)
bińda (alternative Middle Polish)

Borrowed from German Binde. First attested in 1534.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “binda, bieńda”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


fundament

fundament (nominative singular)
fundamenty (nominative plural)
fundamentu (genitive singular)
fundamentów (genitive plural)
fundamentowi (dative singular)
fundamentom (dative plural)
fundament (accusative singular)
fundamenty (accusative plural)
fundamentem (instrumental singular)
fundamentami (instrumental plural)
fundamencie (locative singular)
fundamentach (locative plural)
fundamencie (singular vocative)
fundamenty (plural vocative)
fudament (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin fundāmentum.

lbor

(architecture) foundation (lowest and supporting part or member of a wall)


estrada

pl-noun

estrada f (diminutive estradka, related adjective estradowy)

estradka (diminutive)
estradowy (adjective)
estrada (nominative singular)
estrady (nominative plural)
estrady (genitive singular)
estrad (genitive plural)
estradzie (dative singular)
estradom (dative plural)
estradę (accusative singular)
estrady (accusative plural)
estradą (instrumental singular)
estradami (instrumental plural)
estradzie (locative singular)
estradach (locative plural)
estrado (singular vocative)
estrady (plural vocative)

(architecture) bandstand, platform (platform for bands to play on)


loggia

loggia (nominative singular)
loggie (nominative plural)
loggii (genitive singular)
loggii (genitive plural)
loggij (archaic genitive plural)
loggii (dative singular)
loggiom (dative plural)
loggię (accusative singular)
loggie (accusative plural)
loggią (instrumental singular)
loggiami (instrumental plural)
loggii (locative singular)
loggiach (locative plural)
loggio (singular vocative)
loggie (plural vocative)
lodżia (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian loggia. Doublet of lobby, lodżia, and loża.

(architecture) loggia (roofed, open gallery)


willa

willa (nominative singular)
wille (nominative plural)
willi (genitive singular)
will (genitive plural)
willi (genitive plural)
willi (dative singular)
willom (dative plural)
willę (accusative singular)
wille (accusative plural)
willą (instrumental singular)
willami (instrumental plural)
willi (locative singular)
willach (locative plural)
willo (singular vocative)
wille (plural vocative)

dwupiętrowa willa

Mieszkał bardzo wygodnie, mając do dyspozycji całe piętro położonej w ogrodzie willi.

He lived very comfortably, having a whole floor of a villa located in the garden.

(architecture) villa (elegant single-family detached house, surrounded by a garden)

(archaic, architecture) country house, villa (weekend and holiday residence, located outside of urban areas, used as a retreat from city life)


fiala

fiala (nominative singular)
fiale (nominative plural)
fiali (genitive singular)
fial (genitive plural)
fiali (dative singular)
fialom (dative plural)
fialę (accusative singular)
fiale (accusative plural)
fialą (instrumental singular)
fialami (instrumental plural)
fiali (locative singular)
fialach (locative plural)
fialo (singular vocative)
fiale (plural vocative)


anta

anta (nominative singular)
anty (nominative plural)
anty (genitive singular)
ant (genitive plural)
ancie (dative singular)
antom (dative plural)
antę (accusative singular)
anty (accusative plural)
antą (instrumental singular)
antami (instrumental plural)
ancie (locative singular)
antach (locative plural)
anto (singular vocative)
anty (plural vocative)


balas

balas m inan (diminutive balasek or balaska or balasik)

balasek (diminutive)
balaska (diminutive)
balasik (diminutive)


aedicula

aedicula (nominative singular)
aedicule (nominative plural)
aediculi (genitive singular)
aedicul (genitive plural)
aediculi (dative singular)
aediculom (dative plural)
aediculę (accusative singular)
aedicule (accusative plural)
aediculą (instrumental singular)
aediculami (instrumental plural)
aediculi (locative singular)
aediculach (locative plural)
aediculo (singular vocative)
aedicule (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aedicula.


pilaster

pilaster (nominative singular)
pilastry (nominative plural)
pilastra (genitive singular)
pilastru (genitive singular)
pilastrów (genitive plural)
pilastrowi (dative singular)
pilastrom (dative plural)
pilaster (accusative singular)
pilastry (accusative plural)
pilastrem (instrumental singular)
pilastrami (instrumental plural)
pilastrze (locative singular)
pilastrach (locative plural)
pilastrze (singular vocative)
pilastry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pilastre, from Middle French pilastre, from Italian pilastro.

(architecture) pilaster (column attached to the wall)


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(architecture) base (lowermost part of a column)


architektura

archit. (abbreviation)
architektura (nominative singular)
architektury (genitive singular)
architekturze (dative singular)
architekturę (accusative singular)
architekturą (instrumental singular)
architekturze (locative singular)
architekturo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Architektur, from Latin architectūra.

(architecture) architecture (art and science of designing buildings and other structures)

(architecture) architecture (buildings collectively in a given area)


kuria

kuria (nominative singular)
kurie (nominative plural)
kurii (genitive singular)
kurii (genitive plural)
kuryj (archaic genitive plural)
kurii (dative singular)
kuriom (dative plural)
kurię (accusative singular)
kurie (accusative plural)
kurią (instrumental singular)
kuriami (instrumental plural)
kurii (locative singular)
kuriach (locative plural)
kurio (singular vocative)
kurie (plural vocative)


komin

pl-noun

komin m inan (diminutive kominek, related adjective kominowy)

kominek (diminutive)
kominowy (adjective)
komin (nominative singular)
kominy (nominative plural)
komina (genitive singular)
kominów (genitive plural)
kominowi (dative singular)
kominom (dative plural)
komin (accusative singular)
kominy (accusative plural)
kominem (instrumental singular)
kominami (instrumental plural)
kominie (locative singular)
kominach (locative plural)
kominie (singular vocative)
kominy (plural vocative)

(architecture) chimney, flue (vertical tube or hollow column projecting from the roof of a building or placed on a steam locomotive or a ship, through which smoke, fumes, or ventilated air is emitted)

(architecture) chimney, flue (tall, free-standing industrial structure used for the discharge of flue gases)


klucz

klucz m inan (diminutive kluczyk, related adjective kluczowy)

kluczyk (diminutive)
kluczowy (adjective)
klucz (nominative singular)
klucze (nominative plural)
klucza (genitive singular)
kluczy (genitive plural)
kluczowi (dative singular)
kluczom (dative plural)
klucz (accusative singular)
klucze (accusative plural)
kluczem (instrumental singular)
kluczami (instrumental plural)
kluczu (locative singular)
kluczach (locative plural)
kluczu (singular vocative)
klucze (plural vocative)


bęben

bęben m inan (diminutive bębenek, related adjective bębnowy)

bębenek (diminutive)
bębnowy (adjective)
bęben (nominative singular)
bębeny (nominative plural)
bębenu (genitive singular)
bębenów (genitive plural)
bębenowi (dative singular)
bębenom (dative plural)
bęben (accusative singular)
bębeny (accusative plural)
bębenem (instrumental singular)
bębenami (instrumental plural)
bębenie (locative singular)
bębenach (locative plural)
bębenie (singular vocative)
bębeny (plural vocative)

(architecture) tholobate (substructure on which a dome or cupola rests)

(architecture) drum (any of the cylindrical blocks that make up the shaft of a pillar)


chór

chór m inan (diminutive chórek, related adjective chóralny or chórowy)

chórek (diminutive)
chóralny (adjective)
chórowy (adjective)
chór (nominative singular)
chóry (nominative plural)
chóru (genitive singular)
chórów (genitive plural)
chórowi (dative singular)
chórom (dative plural)
chór (accusative singular)
chóry (accusative plural)
chórem (instrumental singular)
chórami (instrumental plural)
chórze (locative singular)
chórach (locative plural)
chórze (singular vocative)
chóry (plural vocative)

(countable, architecture, Christianity) quire (one quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church, generally used by the choir; often near the apse)

(countable, architecture, Roman Catholicism) chancel, presbytery (space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir; in medieval cathedrals, the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen)

(countable, architecture) quire (balcony or gallery in the palace hall intended for the orchestra)


astragal

astragal m inan (related adjective astragalowy)

astragalowy (adjective)
astragal (nominative singular)
astragale (nominative plural)
astragalu (genitive singular)
astragali (genitive plural)
astragalowi (dative singular)
astragalom (dative plural)
astragal (accusative singular)
astragale (accusative plural)
astragalem (instrumental singular)
astragalami (instrumental plural)
astragalu (locative singular)
astragalach (locative plural)
astragalu (singular vocative)
astragale (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos).

lbor

(architecture) astragal (semicircular molding separating the architrave at the top or bottom of a column)


podpora

podpórka (diminutive)
podpora (nominative singular)
podpory (nominative plural)
podpory (genitive singular)
podpór (genitive plural)
podporze (dative singular)
podporom (dative plural)
podporę (accusative singular)
podpory (accusative plural)
podporą (instrumental singular)
podporami (instrumental plural)
podporze (locative singular)
podporach (locative plural)
podporo (singular vocative)
podpory (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъpora. By surface analysis, deverbal from podeprzeć.


parkiet

parkiecik (diminutive)
parkiet (nominative singular)
parkiety (nominative plural)
parkietu (genitive singular)
parkietów (genitive plural)
parkietowi (dative singular)
parkietom (dative plural)
parkiet (accusative singular)
parkiety (accusative plural)
parkietem (instrumental singular)
parkietami (instrumental plural)
parkiecie (locative singular)
parkietach (locative plural)
parkiecie (singular vocative)
parkiety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parquet. For sense 2, compare Finnish parketti.


markiza

markizowy (adjective)
markiza (nominative singular)
markizy (nominative plural)
markizy (genitive singular)
markiz (genitive plural)
markizie (dative singular)
markizom (dative plural)
markizę (accusative singular)
markizy (accusative plural)
markizą (instrumental singular)
markizami (instrumental plural)
markizie (locative singular)
markizach (locative plural)
markizo (singular vocative)
markizy (plural vocative)

(architecture) awning (covering attached to the exterior wall of a building)


iglica

igliczka (diminutive)
iglica (nominative singular)
iglice (nominative plural)
iglicy (genitive singular)
iglic (genitive plural)
iglicy (dative singular)
iglicom (dative plural)
iglicę (accusative singular)
iglice (accusative plural)
iglicą (instrumental singular)
iglicami (instrumental plural)
iglicy (locative singular)
iglicach (locative plural)
iglico (singular vocative)
iglice (plural vocative)


grzebień

pl-noun

grzebień m inan (diminutive grzebyk, related adjective grzebieniowy)

grzebyk (diminutive)
grzebieniowy (adjective)
grzebień (nominative singular)
grzebienie (nominative plural)
grzebienia (genitive singular)
grzebieni (genitive plural)
grzebieniowi (dative singular)
grzebieniom (dative plural)
grzebień (accusative singular)
grzebienie (accusative plural)
grzebieniem (instrumental singular)
grzebieniami (instrumental plural)
grzebieniu (locative singular)
grzebieniach (locative plural)
grzebieniu (singular vocative)
grzebienie (plural vocative)

/ˈɡr̝ɛ.bjɛɲ/

Inherited from Old Polish *grzebień. First attested in 1500–1517.

(architecture) crest (openwork decorative element placed on the roof ridge or eaves)


kondygnacja

kondygnacja (nominative singular)
kondygnacje (nominative plural)
kondygnacji (genitive singular)
kondygnacji (genitive plural)
kondygnacyj (archaic genitive plural)
kondygnacji (dative singular)
kondygnacjom (dative plural)
kondygnację (accusative singular)
kondygnacje (accusative plural)
kondygnacją (instrumental singular)
kondygnacjami (instrumental plural)
kondygnacji (locative singular)
kondygnacjach (locative plural)
kondygnacjo (singular vocative)
kondygnacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin contignātiō.


szyja

pl-noun

szyja f (diminutive szyjka, related adjective szyjny)

szyjka (diminutive)
szyjny (adjective)
szyja (nominative singular)
szyje (nominative plural)
szyi (genitive singular)
szyj (genitive plural)
szyi (dative singular)
szyjom (dative plural)
szyję (accusative singular)
szyje (accusative plural)
szyją (instrumental singular)
szyjami (instrumental plural)
szyi (locative singular)
szyjach (locative plural)
szyjo (singular vocative)
szyje (plural vocative)
syja (alternative)

(architecture) passage sheltered on both sides by walls, connecting a gate with a protruding fortification


jaskółka

jaskółeczka (diminutive)
jaskółka (nominative singular)
jaskółki (nominative plural)
jaskółki (genitive singular)
jaskółek (genitive plural)
jaskółce (dative singular)
jaskółkom (dative plural)
jaskółkę (accusative singular)
jaskółki (accusative plural)
jaskółką (instrumental singular)
jaskółkami (instrumental plural)
jaskółce (locative singular)
jaskółkach (locative plural)
jaskółko (singular vocative)
jaskółki (plural vocative)
lastówka (alternative)

(architecture, obsolete, theater) gods, paradise (the upper gallery in a theatre)


ślimak

ślimak (nominative singular)
ślimaki (nominative plural)
ślimaku (genitive singular)
ślimaków (genitive plural)
ślimakowi (dative singular)
ślimakom (dative plural)
ślimak (accusative singular)
ślimaki (accusative plural)
ślimakiem (instrumental singular)
ślimakami (instrumental plural)
ślimaku (locative singular)
ślimakach (locative plural)
ślimaku (singular vocative)
ślimaki (plural vocative)
ślumok (alternative Poznań)

Inherited from Old Polish ślimak, from Proto-Slavic *slimakъ.


katedra

katedra (nominative singular)
katedry (nominative plural)
katedry (genitive singular)
katedr (genitive plural)
katedrze (dative singular)
katedrom (dative plural)
katedrę (accusative singular)
katedry (accusative plural)
katedrą (instrumental singular)
katedrami (instrumental plural)
katedrze (locative singular)
katedrach (locative plural)
katedro (singular vocative)
katedry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).

(architecture, Roman Catholicism) cathedral


artykulacja

artykulacja (nominative singular)
artykulacji (genitive singular)
artykulacji (dative singular)
artykulację (accusative singular)
artykulacją (instrumental singular)
artykulacji (locative singular)
artykulacjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō.

lbor

(architecture) articulation (a method of styling the joints in the formal elements of architectural design)


witraż

witraż (nominative singular)
witraże (nominative plural)
witrażu (genitive singular)
witraży (genitive plural)
witrażowi (dative singular)
witrażom (dative plural)
witraż (accusative singular)
witraże (accusative plural)
witrażem (instrumental singular)
witrażami (instrumental plural)
witrażu (locative singular)
witrażach (locative plural)
witrażu (singular vocative)
witraże (plural vocative)


łuk

pl-noun

łuk m inan (diminutive łuczek, related adjective łukowy)

łuczek (diminutive)
łukowy (adjective)
łuk (nominative singular)
łuki (nominative plural)
łuku (genitive singular)
łuków (genitive plural)
łukowi (dative singular)
łukom (dative plural)
łuk (accusative singular)
łuki (accusative plural)
łukiem (instrumental singular)
łukami (instrumental plural)
łuku (locative singular)
łukach (locative plural)
łuku (singular vocative)
łuki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech luk, from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, whence native Polish łęk.

Jest założycielem Fundacji Towarzystwo Patriotyczne, które zabiega o budowę łuku triumfalnego upamiętniającego bitwę z 1920 r.

2017 August 9, Wiktor Ferfecki, “Czy łuk triumfalny Bitwy Warszawskiej stanie w stolicy?”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-07:

He is a founder of the Patriotic Society Foundation, which is advocating the construction of a triumphal arch memorializing the battle in 1920.


renesansowy

pl-adj

renesansowy (not comparable, derived adverb renesansowo)

renesansowy (masculine nominative singular)
renesansowa (feminine nominative singular)
renesansowe (neuter nominative singular)
renesansowi (nominative plural virile)
renesansowe (nominative plural)
renesansowego (genitive masculine singular)
renesansowej (feminine genitive singular)
renesansowego (genitive neuter singular)
renesansowych (genitive plural)
renesansowych (genitive plural virile)
renesansowemu (dative masculine singular)
renesansowej (dative feminine singular)
renesansowemu (dative neuter singular)
renesansowym (dative plural)
renesansowym (dative plural virile)
renesansowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
renesansowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
renesansową (accusative feminine singular)
renesansowe (accusative neuter singular)
renesansowych (accusative plural virile)
renesansowe (accusative plural)
renesansowym (instrumental masculine singular)
renesansową (feminine instrumental singular)
renesansowym (instrumental neuter singular)
renesansowymi (instrumental plural)
renesansowymi (instrumental plural virile)
renesansowym (locative masculine singular)
renesansowej (feminine locative singular)
renesansowym (locative neuter singular)
renesansowych (locative plural)
renesansowych (locative plural virile)

(architecture, art, historical, literature, relational) Renaissance (14th-century revival)


żabka

żabka (nominative singular)
żabki (nominative plural)
żabki (genitive singular)
żabek (genitive plural)
żabce (dative singular)
żabkom (dative plural)
żabkę (accusative singular)
żabki (accusative plural)
żabką (instrumental singular)
żabkami (instrumental plural)
żabce (locative singular)
żabkach (locative plural)
żabko (singular vocative)
żabki (plural vocative)


antependium

antependium (nominative singular)
antependia (nominative plural)
antependium (genitive singular)
antependiów (genitive plural)
antependium (dative singular)
antependiom (dative plural)
antependium (accusative singular)
antependia (accusative plural)
antependium (instrumental singular)
antependiami (instrumental plural)
antependium (locative singular)
antependiach (locative plural)
antependium (singular vocative)
antependia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin antependium.

lbor

(architecture, Christianity) antependium, altar cloth, forecloth, frontal, pulpit fall (decorative cloth that is used to cover the top, front, and sides of an altar)


poziom

poziom (nominative singular)
poziomy (nominative plural)
poziomu (genitive singular)
poziomów (genitive plural)
poziomowi (dative singular)
poziomom (dative plural)
poziom (accusative singular)
poziomy (accusative plural)
poziomem (instrumental singular)
poziomami (instrumental plural)
poziomie (locative singular)
poziomach (locative plural)
poziomie (singular vocative)
poziomy (plural vocative)
poziem (alternative obsolete)

Back-formation from poziemny. Semantic loan from English level. First attested in 1754–1765.

ref

“POZIOM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.07.2020


kolumna

kolumienka (diminutive)
kolumna (nominative singular)
kolumny (nominative plural)
kolumny (genitive singular)
kolumn (genitive plural)
kolumnie (dative singular)
kolumnom (dative plural)
kolumnę (accusative singular)
kolumny (accusative plural)
kolumną (instrumental singular)
kolumnami (instrumental plural)
kolumnie (locative singular)
kolumnach (locative plural)
kolumno (singular vocative)
kolumny (plural vocative)

(architecture) column (upright supporting structure)


fartuch

fartuch (nominative singular)
fartuchy (nominative plural)
fartucha (genitive singular)
fartuchów (genitive plural)
fartuchowi (dative singular)
fartuchom (dative plural)
fartuch (accusative singular)
fartuchy (accusative plural)
fartuchem (instrumental singular)
fartuchami (instrumental plural)
fartuchu (locative singular)
fartuchach (locative plural)
fartuchu (singular vocative)
fartuchy (plural vocative)

(architecture) canopy (finishing element of a building that covers a part of it, usually made of sheet metal)


klamka

klamka (nominative singular)
klamki (nominative plural)
klamki (genitive singular)
klamek (genitive plural)
klamce (dative singular)
klamkom (dative plural)
klamkę (accusative singular)
klamki (accusative plural)
klamką (instrumental singular)
klamkami (instrumental plural)
klamce (locative singular)
klamkach (locative plural)
klamko (singular vocative)
klamki (plural vocative)

From Middle High German klam, klame, klamme + -ka.


bluszcz

pl-noun

bluszcz m inan (diminutive bluszczyk, related adjective bluszczowy)

bluszczyk (diminutive)
bluszczowy (adjective)
bluszcz (nominative singular)
bluszcze (nominative plural)
bluszczu (genitive singular)
bluszczy (genitive plural)
bluszczów (genitive plural)
bluszczowi (dative singular)
bluszczom (dative plural)
bluszcz (accusative singular)
bluszcze (accusative plural)
bluszczem (instrumental singular)
bluszczami (instrumental plural)
bluszczu (locative singular)
bluszczach (locative plural)
bluszczu (singular vocative)
bluszcze (plural vocative)
blusc (alternative)

(obsolete, architecture) hedera (ornamentation)


podniebienie

podniebienie (nominative singular)
podniebienia (nominative plural)
podniebienia (genitive singular)
podniebień (genitive plural)
podniebieniu (dative singular)
podniebieniom (dative plural)
podniebienie (accusative singular)
podniebienia (accusative plural)
podniebieniem (instrumental singular)
podniebieniami (instrumental plural)
podniebieniu (locative singular)
podniebieniach (locative plural)
podniebienie (singular vocative)
podniebienia (plural vocative)

desc

→ Belarusian: паднябе́нне (padnjabjénnje)

→ Ukrainian: піднебі́ння (pidnebínnja)


pokład

pokład (nominative singular)
pokłady (nominative plural)
pokładu (genitive singular)
pokładów (genitive plural)
pokładowi (dative singular)
pokładom (dative plural)
pokład (accusative singular)
pokłady (accusative plural)
pokładem (instrumental singular)
pokładami (instrumental plural)
pokładzie (locative singular)
pokładach (locative plural)
pokładzie (singular vocative)
pokłady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pokład. By surface analysis, deverbal from pokładać.


bryła

pl-noun

bryła f (diminutive bryłka, related adjective bryłowy)

bryłka (diminutive)
bryłowy (adjective)
bryła (nominative singular)
bryły (nominative plural)
bryły (genitive singular)
brył (genitive plural)
bryle (dative singular)
bryłom (dative plural)
bryłę (accusative singular)
bryły (accusative plural)
bryłą (instrumental singular)
bryłami (instrumental plural)
bryle (locative singular)
bryłach (locative plural)
bryło (singular vocative)
bryły (plural vocative)
breła (alternative Middle Polish)
brela (alternative Middle Polish)
baryła (alternative)

(architecture, sculpture) mass (spatial shape in architecture and sculpture)


Odrodzenie

Odrodzenie (nominative singular)
Odrodzenia (genitive singular)
Odrodzeniu (dative singular)
Odrodzenie (accusative singular)
Odrodzeniem (instrumental singular)
Odrodzeniu (locative singular)
Odrodzenie (singular vocative)

From odrodzić + -enie. Calque of French Renaissance.

(architecture, art, historical, literature) Alternative spelling of odrodzenie


amfiteatr

amfiteatr (nominative singular)
amfiteatry (nominative plural)
amfiteatru (genitive singular)
amfiteatrów (genitive plural)
amfiteatrowi (dative singular)
amfiteatrom (dative plural)
amfiteatr (accusative singular)
amfiteatry (accusative plural)
amfiteatrem (instrumental singular)
amfiteatrami (instrumental plural)
amfiteatrze (locative singular)
amfiteatrach (locative plural)
amfiteatrze (singular vocative)
amfiteatry (plural vocative)
amfiteatrum (alternative Middle Polish)
emfiteatrum (alternative Middle Polish)

Learned borrowing from Latin amphitheātrum, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιθέᾱτρον (amphithéātron). By surface analysis, amfi- + teatr. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “amfiteatrum”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(architecture, theater) amphitheatre, amphitheater


attyka

attyka (nominative singular)
attyki (nominative plural)
attyki (genitive singular)
attyk (genitive plural)
attyce (dative singular)
attykom (dative plural)
attykę (accusative singular)
attyki (accusative plural)
attyką (instrumental singular)
attykami (instrumental plural)
attyce (locative singular)
attykach (locative plural)
attyko (singular vocative)
attyki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French attique, from Latin atticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀττικός (Attikós).

(architecture) attic (a story or low wall above the cornice of a classical façade)


telamon

telamon (nominative singular)
telamony (nominative plural)
telamonu (genitive singular)
telamonów (genitive plural)
telamonowi (dative singular)
telamonom (dative plural)
telamon (accusative singular)
telamony (accusative plural)
telamonem (instrumental singular)
telamonami (instrumental plural)
telamonie (locative singular)
telamonach (locative plural)
telamonie (singular vocative)
telamony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τελαμών (telamṓn).


szyba

pl-noun

szyba f (diminutive szybka, related adjective szybowy)

szybka (diminutive)
szybowy (adjective)
szyba (nominative singular)
szyby (nominative plural)
szyby (genitive singular)
szyb (genitive plural)
szybie (dative singular)
szybom (dative plural)
szybę (accusative singular)
szyby (accusative plural)
szybą (instrumental singular)
szybami (instrumental plural)
szybie (locative singular)
szybach (locative plural)
szybo (singular vocative)
szyby (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: ши́ба (šýba)

Borrowed from German Scheibe. Doublet of skiba, szajba, and szyb.

(architecture) pane, windowpane, plate glass, flat glass, sheet glass (individual sheet of glass in a window, door, windshields, etc.)


okap

okap (nominative singular)
okapy (nominative plural)
okapu (genitive singular)
okapów (genitive plural)
okapowi (dative singular)
okapom (dative plural)
okap (accusative singular)
okapy (accusative plural)
okapem (instrumental singular)
okapami (instrumental plural)
okapie (locative singular)
okapach (locative plural)
okapie (singular vocative)
okapy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapъ, from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapati.

(architecture, Far Masovian) slant for draining water from a roof

(architecture, Przemyśl) lower part of a thatch


blenda

blenda (nominative singular)
blendy (nominative plural)
blendy (genitive singular)
blend (genitive plural)
blendzie (dative singular)
blendom (dative plural)
blendę (accusative singular)
blendy (accusative plural)
blendą (instrumental singular)
blendami (instrumental plural)
blendzie (locative singular)
blendach (locative plural)
blendo (singular vocative)
blendy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Blende. First attested in 1782.

ostrołukowa blenda


belka

belka f (diminutive beleczka, augmentative bela, related adjective belkowy)

beleczka (diminutive)
bela (augmentative)
belkowy (adjective)
belka (nominative singular)
belki (nominative plural)
belki (genitive singular)
belek (genitive plural)
belce (dative singular)
belkom (dative plural)
belkę (accusative singular)
belki (accusative plural)
belką (instrumental singular)
belkami (instrumental plural)
belce (locative singular)
belkach (locative plural)
belko (singular vocative)
belki (plural vocative)
bałk (alternative Middle Polish)
belk (alternative Middle Polish)
bełk (alternative Middle Polish)
bełka (alternative Middle Polish)
balk (alternative obsolete)
balka (alternative obsolete)
bałek (alternative obsolete)
bałka (alternative obsolete)
belek (alternative obsolete)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Proto-West Germanic *balkō
Old High German balko
Middle High German balkebor.
Old Polish balka
Polish belka
Inherited from Old Polish balka, with an unexpected shift of a > e first occurring in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian balka and Slovincian balka. Doublet of balkon.

etymon

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(in the plural, obsolete, architecture) ceiling built on beams


wystawa

wystawowy (adjective)
wystawa (nominative singular)
wystawy (nominative plural)
wystawy (genitive singular)
wystaw (genitive plural)
wystawie (dative singular)
wystawom (dative plural)
wystawę (accusative singular)
wystawy (accusative plural)
wystawą (instrumental singular)
wystawami (instrumental plural)
wystawie (locative singular)
wystawach (locative plural)
wystawo (singular vocative)
wystawy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from wystawić. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech výstava, Kashubian wëstawa, Silesian wystawa, and Ukrainian виста́ва (vystáva).

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wystawa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


próg

pl-noun

próg m inan (diminutive prożek, related adjective progowy)

prożek (diminutive)
progowy (adjective)
próg (nominative singular)
progi (nominative plural)
progu (genitive singular)
progów (genitive plural)
progowi (dative singular)
progom (dative plural)
próg (accusative singular)
progi (accusative plural)
progiem (instrumental singular)
progami (instrumental plural)
progu (locative singular)
progach (locative plural)
progu (singular vocative)
progi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porgъ. Doublet of poroh.

(architecture) threshold, doorstep, doorsill (outside step leading up to the door of a building, usually a home)

(architecture) threshold (entrance; the door or gate of a house)


rozeta

rozetka (diminutive)
rozeta (nominative singular)
rozety (nominative plural)
rozety (genitive singular)
rozet (genitive plural)
rozecie (dative singular)
rozetom (dative plural)
rozetę (accusative singular)
rozety (accusative plural)
rozetą (instrumental singular)
rozetami (instrumental plural)
rozecie (locative singular)
rozetach (locative plural)
rozeto (singular vocative)
rozety (plural vocative)

(architecture) rosette (architectural ornament)


beczka

beczka f (diminutive beczułka, augmentative beka, related adjective beczkowy)

beczułka (diminutive)
beka (augmentative)
beczkowy (adjective)
beczka (nominative singular)
beczki (nominative plural)
beczki (genitive singular)
beczek (genitive plural)
beczce (dative singular)
beczkom (dative plural)
beczkę (accusative singular)
beczki (accusative plural)
beczką (instrumental singular)
beczkami (instrumental plural)
beczce (locative singular)
beczkach (locative plural)
beczko (singular vocative)
beczki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βουττια (bouttia)bor.
Vulgar Latin *buttiabor.
Proto-West Germanic *buttjābor.
Proto-Slavic *bъči
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *bъčьka
Old Polish beczka
Polish beczka
Inherited from Old Polish beczka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English barrel roll, French tonneau, and German Fassrolle.

sl

(obsolete, architecture) barrel vault (simple roof having a curved, often semicircular cross section; used to span large distances in railway stations, churches, etc. Usually supported on columns)


bima

bima (nominative singular)
bimy (nominative plural)
bimy (genitive singular)
bim (genitive plural)
bimie (dative singular)
bimom (dative plural)
bimę (accusative singular)
bimy (accusative plural)
bimą (instrumental singular)
bimami (instrumental plural)
bimie (locative singular)
bimach (locative plural)
bimo (singular vocative)
bimy (plural vocative)


nawa

nawowy (adjective)
nawa (nominative singular)
nawy (nominative plural)
nawy (genitive singular)
naw (genitive plural)
nawie (dative singular)
nawom (dative plural)
nawę (accusative singular)
nawy (accusative plural)
nawą (instrumental singular)
nawami (instrumental plural)
nawie (locative singular)
nawach (locative plural)
nawo (singular vocative)
nawy (plural vocative)

(architecture) nave (the middle body of a church)


kominek

pl-noun

kominek m inan (diminutive komineczek, related adjective kominkowy)

komineczek (diminutive)
kominkowy (adjective)
kominek (nominative singular)
kominki (nominative plural)
kominka (genitive singular)
kominków (genitive plural)
kominkowi (dative singular)
kominkom (dative plural)
kominek (accusative singular)
kominki (accusative plural)
kominkiem (instrumental singular)
kominkami (instrumental plural)
kominku (locative singular)
kominkach (locative plural)
kominku (singular vocative)
kominki (plural vocative)

(architecture) fireplace, hearth (open or glass-covered hearth, located in the wall near the floor, usually in a decorative architectural frame, used primarily for indoor heating)


krajnik

krajnik (nominative singular)
krajniki (nominative plural)
krajnika (genitive singular)
krajników (genitive plural)
krajnikowi (dative singular)
krajnikom (dative plural)
krajnik (accusative singular)
krajniki (accusative plural)
krajnikiem (instrumental singular)
krajnikami (instrumental plural)
krajniku (locative singular)
krajnikach (locative plural)
krajniku (singular vocative)
krajniki (plural vocative)


agrafa

agrafka (diminutive)
agrafa (nominative singular)
agrafy (nominative plural)
agrafy (genitive singular)
agraf (genitive plural)
agrafie (dative singular)
agrafom (dative plural)
agrafę (accusative singular)
agrafy (accusative plural)
agrafą (instrumental singular)
agrafami (instrumental plural)
agrafie (locative singular)
agrafach (locative plural)
agrafo (singular vocative)
agrafy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French agrafe. First attested in 1807.


abaton

abaton (nominative singular)
abatony (nominative plural)
abatonu (genitive singular)
abatonów (genitive plural)
abatonowi (dative singular)
abatonom (dative plural)
abaton (accusative singular)
abatony (accusative plural)
abatonem (instrumental singular)
abatonami (instrumental plural)
abatonie (locative singular)
abatonach (locative plural)
abatonie (singular vocative)
abatony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβατον (ábaton).

lbor

Po zachodzie słońca udawali się do abatonu, gdzie następowała inkubacja,[…]

2014, Krzysztof Sobczak, “O rozumieniu śmierci w antyku greckim i rzymskim”, in Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo, number 20, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie, →ISSN, pages 479–502:

After sunset they made their way to the abaton, where incubation took place, […]

[…], gdzie dana aktywność się odbywała; mamy więc tutaj ocieranie się o ścianę w łaźni, korzystanie z huśtawek na górnym portyku i nacieranie się w abatonie.

2020, Aneta Liwerska, “Inskrypcja Apellasa jako źródło poznania charakteru opieki nad pacjentem w asklepiejonie epidauryjskim w II wne”, in Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym, volume 52, number 1, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN, pages 3–30:

[…], where the given activity took place; so we have here rubbing against the wall in the bathhouse, using the swings on the upper portico, and massing in the abaton.


plomba

plomba (nominative singular)
plomby (nominative plural)
plomby (genitive singular)
plomb (genitive plural)
plombie (dative singular)
plombom (dative plural)
plombę (accusative singular)
plomby (accusative plural)
plombą (instrumental singular)
plombami (instrumental plural)
plombie (locative singular)
plombach (locative plural)
plombo (singular vocative)
plomby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French plomb, from Middle French plom, from Old French, from Latin plumbum. Possibly a doublet of pion (“the vertical, plumb line, duct, section”).

doublet

– Projekt dopuszcza dobudowanie budynku do innego budynku odwróconego do niego ślepą ścianą, t[ak-]zw[anej] plomby – mówi Tomasz Żuchowski, wiceminister Infrastruktury i budownictwa.

2017 September 8, Renata Krupa-Dąbrowska, “Plombę łatwiej będzie wstawić”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-29:

"The project allows the construction of a building with a blind wall touching another building, a so-called filling," says Tomasz Żuchowski, deputy minister of infrastructure and construction.

(architecture) a building built between two preexisting buildings along a street, which fully fills the gap between them


brosza

broszka (diminutive)
brosza (nominative singular)
brosze (nominative plural)
broszy (genitive singular)
brosz (genitive plural)
broszy (dative singular)
broszom (dative plural)
broszę (accusative singular)
brosze (accusative plural)
broszą (instrumental singular)
broszami (instrumental plural)
broszy (locative singular)
broszach (locative plural)
broszo (singular vocative)
brosze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French broche, from Old French broche, from Vulgar Latin *brocca, from either Ancient Greek πρόχοος (prókhoos) or βροχίς (brokhís), with influence from broccus.

(architecture) boss (knob or protrusion)


gargulec

gargulec (nominative singular)
gargulce (nominative plural)
gargulca (genitive singular)
gargulców (genitive plural)
gargulcowi (dative singular)
gargulcom (dative plural)
gargulec (accusative singular)
gargulce (accusative plural)
gargulcem (instrumental singular)
gargulcami (instrumental plural)
gargulcu (locative singular)
gargulcach (locative plural)
gargulcu (singular vocative)
gargulce (plural vocative)


fasada

fasadowy (adjective)
fasada (nominative singular)
fasady (nominative plural)
fasady (genitive singular)
fasad (genitive plural)
fasadzie (dative singular)
fasadom (dative plural)
fasadę (accusative singular)
fasady (accusative plural)
fasadą (instrumental singular)
fasadami (instrumental plural)
fasadzie (locative singular)
fasadach (locative plural)
fasado (singular vocative)
fasady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French façade. Doublet of facjata.

(architecture) facade (face of a building, especially the front view or elevation)


biegun

pl-noun

biegun m inan (related adjective biegunowy)

biegunowy (adjective)
biegun (nominative singular)
bieguny (nominative plural)
bieguna (genitive singular)
biegunów (genitive plural)
biegunowi (dative singular)
biegunom (dative plural)
biegun (accusative singular)
bieguny (accusative plural)
biegunem (instrumental singular)
biegunami (instrumental plural)
biegunie (locative singular)
biegunach (locative plural)
biegunie (singular vocative)
bieguny (plural vocative)
biegan (alternative Middle Polish)
biegon (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish biegun. By surface analysis, bieg + -un. Sense 1, sense 2 and sense 3 are semantic loans from Greek πόλος (pólos). Doublet of Bihun.

sl

(obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl, architecture) peg (that which a door or gate, etc., swings)


arabeska

pl-noun

arabeska f (related adjective arabeskowy)

arabeskowy (adjective)
arabeska (nominative singular)
arabeski (nominative plural)
arabeski (genitive singular)
arabesek (genitive plural)
arabesce (dative singular)
arabeskom (dative plural)
arabeskę (accusative singular)
arabeski (accusative plural)
arabeską (instrumental singular)
arabeskami (instrumental plural)
arabesce (locative singular)
arabeskach (locative plural)
arabesko (singular vocative)
arabeski (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French arabesque, from Italian arabesco.

(architecture, art) arabesque (ornamental design used in Islamic Art)


arkada

arkada f (diminutive arkadka, related adjective arkadowy)

arkadka (diminutive)
arkadowy (adjective)
arkada (nominative singular)
arkady (nominative plural)
arkady (genitive singular)
arkad (genitive plural)
arkadzie (dative singular)
arkadom (dative plural)
arkadę (accusative singular)
arkady (accusative plural)
arkadą (instrumental singular)
arkadami (instrumental plural)
arkadzie (locative singular)
arkadach (locative plural)
arkado (singular vocative)
arkady (plural vocative)

(architecture) arcade (covered passage, usually with shops on both sides)


rekonstrukcja

rekonstrukcja (nominative singular)
rekonstrukcje (nominative plural)
rekonstrukcji (genitive singular)
rekonstrukcji (genitive plural)
rekonstrukcyj (archaic genitive plural)
rekonstrukcji (dative singular)
rekonstrukcjom (dative plural)
rekonstrukcję (accusative singular)
rekonstrukcje (accusative plural)
rekonstrukcją (instrumental singular)
rekonstrukcjami (instrumental plural)
rekonstrukcji (locative singular)
rekonstrukcjach (locative plural)
rekonstrukcjo (singular vocative)
rekonstrukcje (plural vocative)

(architecture) reconstruction (act of restoring)


gotycki

pl-adj

gotycki (not comparable, derived adverb gotycko)

gotycki (masculine nominative singular)
gotycka (feminine nominative singular)
gotyckie (neuter nominative singular)
gotyccy (nominative plural virile)
gotyckie (nominative plural)
gotyckiego (genitive masculine singular)
gotyckiej (feminine genitive singular)
gotyckiego (genitive neuter singular)
gotyckich (genitive plural)
gotyckich (genitive plural virile)
gotyckiemu (dative masculine singular)
gotycku (archaic dative masculine singular)
gotyckiej (dative feminine singular)
gotyckiemu (dative neuter singular)
gotycku (archaic dative neuter singular)
gotyckim (dative plural)
gotyckim (dative plural virile)
gotyckiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
gotycki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
gotycką (accusative feminine singular)
gotyckie (accusative neuter singular)
gotyckich (accusative plural virile)
gotyckie (accusative plural)
gotyckim (instrumental masculine singular)
gotycką (feminine instrumental singular)
gotyckim (instrumental neuter singular)
gotyckimi (instrumental plural)
gotyckimi (instrumental plural virile)
gotyckim (locative masculine singular)
gotyckiej (feminine locative singular)
gotyckim (locative neuter singular)
gotyckich (locative plural)
gotyckich (locative plural virile)

(architecture, art, relational) Gothic art


anthemion

anthemion (nominative singular)
anthemionu (genitive singular)
anthemionowi (dative singular)
anthemion (accusative singular)
anthemionem (instrumental singular)
anthemionie (locative singular)
anthemionie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek ανθέμιου (anthémiou).

bor+

(architecture, art) Alternative spelling of antemion


luneta

lunetka (diminutive)
luneta (nominative singular)
lunety (nominative plural)
lunety (genitive singular)
lunet (genitive plural)
lunecie (dative singular)
lunetom (dative plural)
lunetę (accusative singular)
lunety (accusative plural)
lunetą (instrumental singular)
lunetami (instrumental plural)
lunecie (locative singular)
lunetach (locative plural)
luneto (singular vocative)
lunety (plural vocative)

(architecture) lunette (crescent-shaped recess or void in the space above a window or door)


apadana

apadana (nominative singular)
apadany (genitive singular)
apadanie (dative singular)
apadanę (accusative singular)
apadaną (instrumental singular)
apadanie (locative singular)
apadano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n).


aplika

aplika (nominative singular)
apliki (nominative plural)
apliki (genitive singular)
aplik (genitive plural)
aplice (dative singular)
aplikom (dative plural)
aplikę (accusative singular)
apliki (accusative plural)
apliką (instrumental singular)
aplikami (instrumental plural)
aplice (locative singular)
aplikach (locative plural)
apliko (singular vocative)
apliki (plural vocative)

(architecture) a mounted candlestick with a metal disc or mirror attached


fach

fachowy (adjective)
fach (nominative singular)
fachy (nominative plural)
fachu (genitive singular)
fachów (genitive plural)
fachowi (dative singular)
fachom (dative plural)
fach (accusative singular)
fachy (accusative plural)
fachem (instrumental singular)
fachami (instrumental plural)
fachu (locative singular)
fachach (locative plural)
fachu (singular vocative)
fachy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Fach. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Fachwerk. Compare Kashubian fach and Silesian fach.

sl

(Central Greater Poland, architecture) Synonym of przęsło


akustyczny

pl-adj

akustyczny (comparative bardziej akustyczny, superlative najbardziej akustyczny, derived adverb akustycznie)

bardziej akustyczny (comparative)
najbardziej akustyczny (superlative)
akustyczny (masculine nominative singular)
akustyczna (feminine nominative singular)
akustyczne (neuter nominative singular)
akustyczni (nominative plural virile)
akustyczne (nominative plural)
akustycznego (genitive masculine singular)
akustycznej (feminine genitive singular)
akustycznego (genitive neuter singular)
akustycznych (genitive plural)
akustycznych (genitive plural virile)
akustycznemu (dative masculine singular)
akustycznej (dative feminine singular)
akustycznemu (dative neuter singular)
akustycznym (dative plural)
akustycznym (dative plural virile)
akustycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
akustyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
akustyczną (accusative feminine singular)
akustyczne (accusative neuter singular)
akustycznych (accusative plural virile)
akustyczne (accusative plural)
akustycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
akustyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
akustycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
akustycznymi (instrumental plural)
akustycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
akustycznym (locative masculine singular)
akustycznej (feminine locative singular)
akustycznym (locative neuter singular)
akustycznych (locative plural)
akustycznych (locative plural virile)

From akustyka + -ny. First attested in 1810.

ref

Gazeta Warszawska (in Polish), number 19, 1810, page 344

(architecture, of buildings and rooms) acoustic (creating a good environment for sound to spread)


cembra

(Przemyśl, architecture) Synonym of cembrowina


apsyda

apsyda (nominative singular)
apsydy (nominative plural)
apsydy (genitive singular)
apsyd (genitive plural)
apsydzie (dative singular)
apsydom (dative plural)
apsydę (accusative singular)
apsydy (accusative plural)
apsydą (instrumental singular)
apsydami (instrumental plural)
apsydzie (locative singular)
apsydach (locative plural)
apsydo (singular vocative)
apsydy (plural vocative)
absyda (alternative)
absyd (alternative)


glif

glif (nominative singular)
glify (nominative plural)
glifu (genitive singular)
glifów (genitive plural)
glifowi (dative singular)
glifom (dative plural)
glif (accusative singular)
glify (accusative plural)
glifem (instrumental singular)
glifami (instrumental plural)
glifie (locative singular)
glifach (locative plural)
glifie (singular vocative)
glify (plural vocative)


rzut

rzut (nominative singular)
rzuty (nominative plural)
rzutu (genitive singular)
rzutów (genitive plural)
rzutowi (dative singular)
rzutom (dative plural)
rzut (accusative singular)
rzuty (accusative plural)
rzutem (instrumental singular)
rzutami (instrumental plural)
rzucie (locative singular)
rzutach (locative plural)
rzucie (singular vocative)
rzuty (plural vocative)


klasycyzm

klasycyzm (nominative singular)
klasycyzmu (genitive singular)
klasycyzmowi (dative singular)
klasycyzm (accusative singular)
klasycyzmem (instrumental singular)
klasycyzmie (locative singular)
klasycyzmie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Klassizismus, French classicisme.


galeria

galeria (nominative singular)
galerie (nominative plural)
galerii (genitive singular)
galerii (genitive plural)
galeryj (archaic genitive plural)
galerii (dative singular)
galeriom (dative plural)
galerię (accusative singular)
galerie (accusative plural)
galerią (instrumental singular)
galeriami (instrumental plural)
galerii (locative singular)
galeriach (locative plural)
galerio (singular vocative)
galerie (plural vocative)

(architecture, theater) gods, paradise (the upper gallery in a theatre)


bania

bańka (diminutive)
bania (nominative singular)
banie (nominative plural)
bani (genitive singular)
bani (genitive plural)
bań (genitive plural)
bani (dative singular)
baniom (dative plural)
banię (accusative singular)
banie (accusative plural)
banią (instrumental singular)
baniami (instrumental plural)
bani (locative singular)
baniach (locative plural)
banio (singular vocative)
banie (plural vocative)


piętka

piętka (nominative singular)
piętki (nominative plural)
piętki (genitive singular)
piętek (genitive plural)
piętce (dative singular)
piętkom (dative plural)
piętkę (accusative singular)
piętki (accusative plural)
piętką (instrumental singular)
piętkami (instrumental plural)
piętce (locative singular)
piętkach (locative plural)
piętko (singular vocative)
piętki (plural vocative)

(architecture) cyma (wavelike moulding of the cornice)


biedermeier

biedermeier (nominative singular)
biedermeiery (nominative plural)
biedermeiera (genitive singular)
biedermeieru (genitive singular)
biedermeierów (genitive plural)
biedermeierowi (dative singular)
biedermeierom (dative plural)
biedermeier (accusative singular)
biedermeiery (accusative plural)
biedermeierem (instrumental singular)
biedermeierami (instrumental plural)
biedermeierze (locative singular)
biedermeierach (locative plural)
biedermeierze (singular vocative)
biedermeiery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Biedermeier. First attested in 1900.

ubor

(architecture, art, literature, music, colloquial, countable) Biedermeier piece (item, e.g. piece of artwork or furniture, in the Biedermeier style)


cios

cios (nominative singular)
ciosy (nominative plural)
ciosu (genitive singular)
ciosów (genitive plural)
ciosowi (dative singular)
ciosom (dative plural)
cios (accusative singular)
ciosy (accusative plural)
ciosem (instrumental singular)
ciosami (instrumental plural)
ciosie (locative singular)
ciosach (locative plural)
ciosie (singular vocative)
ciosy (plural vocative)

Ciosy, zarówno licowe jak i stosowane we wnętrzu muru, powinny być wykonane z kamieni twardych, niezwietrzałych, odporne na wpływy atmosferyczne i cechować się dużą wytrzymałością.

1998, Jarosław Z. Mirski, Krzysztof Łącki, Budownictwo z Technologią, volume 2, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, archived from the original on 2022-09-06, page 12:

Blocks of stone, decorative outer ones as well as those used in the middle of a wall, should be made from rocks that are hard, uneroded, and resistant to atmospheric influences and be characterized by great toughness.


ludowy

pl-adj

ludowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

ludowy (masculine nominative singular)
ludowa (feminine nominative singular)
ludowe (neuter nominative singular)
ludowi (nominative plural virile)
ludowe (nominative plural)
ludowego (genitive masculine singular)
ludowej (feminine genitive singular)
ludowego (genitive neuter singular)
ludowych (genitive plural)
ludowych (genitive plural virile)
ludowemu (dative masculine singular)
ludowej (dative feminine singular)
ludowemu (dative neuter singular)
ludowym (dative plural)
ludowym (dative plural virile)
ludowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
ludowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
ludową (accusative feminine singular)
ludowe (accusative neuter singular)
ludowych (accusative plural virile)
ludowe (accusative plural)
ludowym (instrumental masculine singular)
ludową (feminine instrumental singular)
ludowym (instrumental neuter singular)
ludowymi (instrumental plural)
ludowymi (instrumental plural virile)
ludowym (locative masculine singular)
ludowej (feminine locative singular)
ludowym (locative neuter singular)
ludowych (locative plural)
ludowych (locative plural virile)

From lud + -owy. Compare Kashubian lëdowi and Silesian ludowy. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “ludowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 774

(architecture) folk, vernacular (of or related to local building materials and styles)


tragarz

tragarz (nominative singular)
tragarze (nominative plural)
tragarza (genitive singular)
tragarzy (genitive plural)
tragarzowi (dative singular)
tragarzom (dative plural)
tragarz (accusative singular)
tragarze (accusative plural)
tragarzem (instrumental singular)
tragarzami (instrumental plural)
tragarzu (locative singular)
tragarzach (locative plural)
tragarzu (singular vocative)
tragarze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German tragære.

bor+

(architecture, roofing) joist (piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed)


banderola

banderola (nominative singular)
banderole (nominative plural)
banderoli (genitive singular)
banderoli (genitive plural)
banderol (genitive plural)
banderoli (dative singular)
banderolom (dative plural)
banderolę (accusative singular)
banderole (accusative plural)
banderolą (instrumental singular)
banderolami (instrumental plural)
banderoli (locative singular)
banderolach (locative plural)
banderolo (singular vocative)
banderole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French banderole, from Italian banderuola.

(architecture) banderole (flat band with an inscription, common in Renaissance buildings)


głowica

głowica (nominative singular)
głowice (nominative plural)
głowicy (genitive singular)
głowic (genitive plural)
głowicy (dative singular)
głowicom (dative plural)
głowicę (accusative singular)
głowice (accusative plural)
głowicą (instrumental singular)
głowicami (instrumental plural)
głowicy (locative singular)
głowicach (locative plural)
głowico (singular vocative)
głowice (plural vocative)

From głowa (“head”) + -ica (“feminine augmentative suffix”).

af

(architecture) capital, the uppermost part of a column


medalion

pl-noun

medalion m inan (diminutive medalionik, related adjective medalionowy)

medalionik (diminutive)
medalionowy (adjective)
medalion (nominative singular)
medaliony (nominative plural)
medalionu (genitive singular)
medalionów (genitive plural)
medalionowi (dative singular)
medalionom (dative plural)
medalion (accusative singular)
medaliony (accusative plural)
medalionem (instrumental singular)
medalionami (instrumental plural)
medalionie (locative singular)
medalionach (locative plural)
medalionie (singular vocative)
medaliony (plural vocative)

(architecture, art) medallion (usually round or oval frame (often made of stucco) containing a decoration)


lufcik

lufcik (nominative singular)
lufciki (nominative plural)
lufcika (genitive singular)
lufcików (genitive plural)
lufcikowi (dative singular)
lufcikom (dative plural)
lufcik (accusative singular)
lufciki (accusative plural)
lufcikiem (instrumental singular)
lufcikami (instrumental plural)
lufciku (locative singular)
lufcikach (locative plural)
lufciku (singular vocative)
lufciki (plural vocative)

(architecture) fortochka (small horizontal window used for ventilation)


ślimacznica

ślimacznica (nominative singular)
ślimacznice (nominative plural)
ślimacznicy (genitive singular)
ślimacznic (genitive plural)
ślimacznicy (dative singular)
ślimacznicom (dative plural)
ślimacznicę (accusative singular)
ślimacznice (accusative plural)
ślimacznicą (instrumental singular)
ślimacznicami (instrumental plural)
ślimacznicy (locative singular)
ślimacznicach (locative plural)
ślimacznico (singular vocative)
ślimacznice (plural vocative)


atlant

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας, Ἄτλαντος (Átlas, Átlantos). Doublet of atlas.

lbor

Ἄτλας, Ἄτλαντος

(architecture) atlas (figure of a man used as a column)


wnęka

wnęczka (diminutive)
wnęka (nominative singular)
wnęki (nominative plural)
wnęki (genitive singular)
wnęk (genitive plural)
wnęce (dative singular)
wnękom (dative plural)
wnękę (accusative singular)
wnęki (accusative plural)
wnęką (instrumental singular)
wnękami (instrumental plural)
wnęce (locative singular)
wnękach (locative plural)
wnęko (singular vocative)
wnęki (plural vocative)


baldachim

baldachim (nominative singular)
baldachimy (nominative plural)
baldachimu (genitive singular)
baldachimów (genitive plural)
baldachimowi (dative singular)
baldachimom (dative plural)
baldachim (accusative singular)
baldachimy (accusative plural)
baldachimem (instrumental singular)
baldachimami (instrumental plural)
baldachimie (locative singular)
baldachimach (locative plural)
baldachimie (singular vocative)
baldachimy (plural vocative)
báldachin (alternative)

(architecture) canopy (overhanging or projecting roof structure)


wierzeje

wierzeje (nominative plural)
wierzei (genitive plural)
wierzejom (dative plural)
wierzeje (accusative plural)
wierzejami (instrumental plural)
wierzejach (locative plural)
wierzeje (plural vocative)

(agriculture, architecture, archaic or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kuyavia) double gate in an agricultural building


wspornik

wspornik (nominative singular)
wsporniki (nominative plural)
wspornika (genitive singular)
wsporników (genitive plural)
wspornikowi (dative singular)
wspornikom (dative plural)
wspornik (accusative singular)
wsporniki (accusative plural)
wspornikiem (instrumental singular)
wspornikami (instrumental plural)
wsporniku (locative singular)
wspornikach (locative plural)
wsporniku (singular vocative)
wsporniki (plural vocative)

(architecture) support, bracket, cantilever


ambona

ambonka (diminutive)
ambona (nominative singular)
ambony (nominative plural)
ambony (genitive singular)
ambon (genitive plural)
ambonie (dative singular)
ambonom (dative plural)
ambonę (accusative singular)
ambony (accusative plural)
amboną (instrumental singular)
ambonami (instrumental plural)
ambonie (locative singular)
ambonach (locative plural)
ambono (singular vocative)
ambony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian ambone, from Late Latin ambō, from Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn). First attested in 1600.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ambona”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(architecture, Roman Catholicism) pulpit (raised platform or lectern in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers the sermon)

(architecture, Middle Polish) tribune, platform


tympanon

tympanon (nominative singular)
tympanony (nominative plural)
tympanonu (genitive singular)
tympanonów (genitive plural)
tympanonowi (dative singular)
tympanonom (dative plural)
tympanon (accusative singular)
tympanony (accusative plural)
tympanonem (instrumental singular)
tympanonami (instrumental plural)
tympanonie (locative singular)
tympanonach (locative plural)
tympanonie (singular vocative)
tympanony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tympanum, from Ancient Greek τῠ́μπᾰνον (tŭ́mpănon).


dacza

dacza (nominative singular)
dacze (nominative plural)
daczy (genitive singular)
dacz (genitive plural)
daczy (dative singular)
daczom (dative plural)
daczę (accusative singular)
dacze (accusative plural)
daczą (instrumental singular)
daczami (instrumental plural)
daczy (locative singular)
daczach (locative plural)
daczo (singular vocative)
dacze (plural vocative)

(architecture) dacha (Russian villa or summer house)


poręcz

poręcz (nominative singular)
poręcze (nominative plural)
poręczy (genitive singular)
poręczy (genitive plural)
poręczy (dative singular)
poręczom (dative plural)
poręcz (accusative singular)
poręcze (accusative plural)
poręczą (instrumental singular)
poręczami (instrumental plural)
poręczy (locative singular)
poręczach (locative plural)
poręczy (singular vocative)
poręcze (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: парэ́нча (parénča)

(architecture) banister, handrail, railing (rail which can be held)


chochoł

chochołek (diminutive)
chochoł (nominative singular)
chochoły (nominative plural)
chochoła (genitive singular)
chochołów (genitive plural)
chochołowi (dative singular)
chochołom (dative plural)
chochoł (accusative singular)
chochoły (accusative plural)
chochołem (instrumental singular)
chochołami (instrumental plural)
chochole (locative singular)
chochołach (locative plural)
chochole (singular vocative)
chochoły (plural vocative)
chochół (alternative Middle Polish)
chochol (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish chochoł. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English straw man.

sl

(obsolete, architecture) peak (sharply ended roof on a belfry, tower, etc.)


dyl

dyl (nominative singular)
dyle (nominative plural)
dyla (genitive singular)
dyli (genitive plural)
dylów (genitive plural)
dylowi (dative singular)
dylom (dative plural)
dyl (accusative singular)
dyle (accusative plural)
dylem (instrumental singular)
dylami (instrumental plural)
dylu (locative singular)
dylach (locative plural)
dylu (singular vocative)
dyle (plural vocative)
del (alternative)

Borrowed from Middle High German dil, dille.

bor+

(Biecz, Żywiec, architecture, in the plural) Synonym of podłoga


głowacz

głowacz (nominative singular)
głowacze (nominative plural)
głowacza (genitive singular)
głowaczy (genitive plural)
głowaczowi (dative singular)
głowaczom (dative plural)
głowacz (accusative singular)
głowacze (accusative plural)
głowaczem (instrumental singular)
głowaczami (instrumental plural)
głowaczu (locative singular)
głowaczach (locative plural)
głowaczu (singular vocative)
głowacze (plural vocative)
głowác (alternative)

[ˈɡɫɔ.vat͡ʂ]

[ˈɡɫɔ.vat͡ʂ]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golvačь. By surface analysis, głowa + -acz.

Coordinate term: chwostacz

(Podlachia, Kodeń, architecture) roof straw (bundle of straw used for roofing tied at the end)


prezbiterium

pl-noun

prezbiterium n (related adjective prezbiterialny)

prezbiterialny (adjective)
prezbiterium (nominative singular)
prezbiteria (nominative plural)
prezbiterium (genitive singular)
prezbiteriów (genitive plural)
prezbiterium (dative singular)
prezbiteriom (dative plural)
prezbiterium (accusative singular)
prezbiteria (accusative plural)
prezbiterium (instrumental singular)
prezbiteriami (instrumental plural)
prezbiterium (locative singular)
prezbiteriach (locative plural)
prezbiterium (singular vocative)
prezbiteria (plural vocative)

(architecture, Roman Catholicism) chancel, presbytery (space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir; in medieval cathedrals, the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen)


gzyms

gzymsik (diminutive)
gzyms (nominative singular)
gzymsy (nominative plural)
gzymsu (genitive singular)
gzymsów (genitive plural)
gzymsowi (dative singular)
gzymsom (dative plural)
gzyms (accusative singular)
gzymsy (accusative plural)
gzymsem (instrumental singular)
gzymsami (instrumental plural)
gzymsie (locative singular)
gzymsach (locative plural)
gzymsie (singular vocative)
gzymsy (plural vocative)


refektarz

refektarz (nominative singular)
refektarze (nominative plural)
refektarza (genitive singular)
refektarzy (genitive plural)
refektarzowi (dative singular)
refektarzom (dative plural)
refektarz (accusative singular)
refektarze (accusative plural)
refektarzem (instrumental singular)
refektarzami (instrumental plural)
refektarzu (locative singular)
refektarzach (locative plural)
refektarzu (singular vocative)
refektarze (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin refectōrium.


nekropolia

nekropolia (nominative singular)
nekropolie (nominative plural)
nekropolii (genitive singular)
nekropolii (genitive plural)
nekropolij (archaic genitive plural)
nekropolii (dative singular)
nekropoliom (dative plural)
nekropolię (accusative singular)
nekropolie (accusative plural)
nekropolią (instrumental singular)
nekropoliami (instrumental plural)
nekropolii (locative singular)
nekropoliach (locative plural)
nekropolio (singular vocative)
nekropolie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις (nekrópolis, “city of the dead”), from νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


lamus

lamusik (diminutive)
lamus (nominative singular)
lamusy (nominative plural)
lamusu (genitive singular)
lamusów (genitive plural)
lamusowi (dative singular)
lamusom (dative plural)
lamus (accusative singular)
lamusy (accusative plural)
lamusem (instrumental singular)
lamusami (instrumental plural)
lamusie (locative singular)
lamusach (locative plural)
lamusie (singular vocative)
lamusy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German lêm-hûs. Compare German Lehmhaus.


ozdobnik

ozdobnik (nominative singular)
ozdobniki (nominative plural)
ozdobnika (genitive singular)
ozdobników (genitive plural)
ozdobnikowi (dative singular)
ozdobnikom (dative plural)
ozdobnik (accusative singular)
ozdobniki (accusative plural)
ozdobnikiem (instrumental singular)
ozdobnikami (instrumental plural)
ozdobniku (locative singular)
ozdobnikach (locative plural)
ozdobniku (singular vocative)
ozdobniki (plural vocative)


gdanisko

gdanisko (nominative singular)
gdaniska (nominative plural)
gdaniska (genitive singular)
gdanisk (genitive plural)
gdanisku (dative singular)
gdaniskom (dative plural)
gdanisko (accusative singular)
gdaniska (accusative plural)
gdaniskem (instrumental singular)
gdaniskami (instrumental plural)
gdanisku (locative singular)
gdaniskach (locative plural)
gdanisko (singular vocative)
gdaniska (plural vocative)


naczółek

naczółek (nominative singular)
naczółki (nominative plural)
naczółka (genitive singular)
naczółków (genitive plural)
naczółkowi (dative singular)
naczółkom (dative plural)
naczółek (accusative singular)
naczółki (accusative plural)
naczółkiem (instrumental singular)
naczółkami (instrumental plural)
naczółku (locative singular)
naczółkach (locative plural)
naczółku (singular vocative)
naczółki (plural vocative)
naczołek (alternative)


zrąb

zrębowy (adjective)
zrąb (nominative singular)
zręby (nominative plural)
zrębu (genitive singular)
zrębów (genitive plural)
zrębowi (dative singular)
zrębom (dative plural)
zrąb (accusative singular)
zręby (accusative plural)
zrębem (instrumental singular)
zrębami (instrumental plural)
zrębie (locative singular)
zrębach (locative plural)
zrębie (singular vocative)
zręby (plural vocative)

(Central Greater Poland, Przemyśl, architecture) wooden wall of a house


neogotyk

neogotyk (nominative singular)
neogotyku (genitive singular)
neogotykowi (dative singular)
neogotyk (accusative singular)
neogotykiem (instrumental singular)
neogotyku (locative singular)
neogotyku (singular vocative)

(architecture, literature) Gothic Revival


neogotycki

pl-adj

neogotycki (not comparable, no derived adverb)

neogotycki (masculine nominative singular)
neogotycka (feminine nominative singular)
neogotyckie (neuter nominative singular)
neogotyccy (nominative plural virile)
neogotyckie (nominative plural)
neogotyckiego (genitive masculine singular)
neogotyckiej (feminine genitive singular)
neogotyckiego (genitive neuter singular)
neogotyckich (genitive plural)
neogotyckich (genitive plural virile)
neogotyckiemu (dative masculine singular)
neogotycku (archaic dative masculine singular)
neogotyckiej (dative feminine singular)
neogotyckiemu (dative neuter singular)
neogotycku (archaic dative neuter singular)
neogotyckim (dative plural)
neogotyckim (dative plural virile)
neogotyckiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
neogotycki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
neogotycką (accusative feminine singular)
neogotyckie (accusative neuter singular)
neogotyckich (accusative plural virile)
neogotyckie (accusative plural)
neogotyckim (instrumental masculine singular)
neogotycką (feminine instrumental singular)
neogotyckim (instrumental neuter singular)
neogotyckimi (instrumental plural)
neogotyckimi (instrumental plural virile)
neogotyckim (locative masculine singular)
neogotyckiej (feminine locative singular)
neogotyckim (locative neuter singular)
neogotyckich (locative plural)
neogotyckich (locative plural virile)


gotyk

Learned borrowing from Late Latin gothicus, from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós).


wiatrowskaz

wiatrowskaz (nominative singular)
wiatrowskazy (nominative plural)
wiatrowskazu (genitive singular)
wiatrowskazów (genitive plural)
wiatrowskazowi (dative singular)
wiatrowskazom (dative plural)
wiatrowskaz (accusative singular)
wiatrowskazy (accusative plural)
wiatrowskazem (instrumental singular)
wiatrowskazami (instrumental plural)
wiatrowskazie (locative singular)
wiatrowskazach (locative plural)
wiatrowskazie (singular vocative)
wiatrowskazy (plural vocative)


wzniesienie

wzniesienie (nominative singular)
wzniesienia (nominative plural)
wzniesienia (genitive singular)
wzniesień (genitive plural)
wzniesieniu (dative singular)
wzniesieniom (dative plural)
wzniesienie (accusative singular)
wzniesienia (accusative plural)
wzniesieniem (instrumental singular)
wzniesieniami (instrumental plural)
wzniesieniu (locative singular)
wzniesieniach (locative plural)
wzniesienie (singular vocative)
wzniesienia (plural vocative)

/vzɲɛˈɕɛ.ɲɛ/

(countable, architecture) platform, podium


podwyższenie

podwyższenie (nominative singular)
podwyższenia (nominative plural)
podwyższenia (genitive singular)
podwyższeń (genitive plural)
podwyższeniu (dative singular)
podwyższeniom (dative plural)
podwyższenie (accusative singular)
podwyższenia (accusative plural)
podwyższeniem (instrumental singular)
podwyższeniami (instrumental plural)
podwyższeniu (locative singular)
podwyższeniach (locative plural)
podwyższenie (singular vocative)
podwyższenia (plural vocative)

/pɔd.vɘʂˈʂɛ.ɲɛ/


wiatrówka

pl-noun

wiatrówka f (diminutive wiatróweczka, related adjective wiatrówkowy)

wiatróweczka (diminutive)
wiatrówkowy (adjective)
wiatrówka (nominative singular)
wiatrówki (nominative plural)
wiatrówki (genitive singular)
wiatrówek (genitive plural)
wiatrówce (dative singular)
wiatrówkom (dative plural)
wiatrówkę (accusative singular)
wiatrówki (accusative plural)
wiatrówką (instrumental singular)
wiatrówkami (instrumental plural)
wiatrówce (locative singular)
wiatrówkach (locative plural)
wiatrówko (singular vocative)
wiatrówki (plural vocative)

(countable, architecture, colloquial) fascia, frieze (wide band of material covering the ends of roof rafters, sometimes supporting a gutter in steep-slope roofing, but typically it is a border or trim in low-slope roofing)


wiatrołap

wiatrołap (nominative singular)
wiatrołapy (nominative plural)
wiatrołapu (genitive singular)
wiatrołapów (genitive plural)
wiatrołapowi (dative singular)
wiatrołapom (dative plural)
wiatrołap (accusative singular)
wiatrołapy (accusative plural)
wiatrołapem (instrumental singular)
wiatrołapami (instrumental plural)
wiatrołapie (locative singular)
wiatrołapach (locative plural)
wiatrołapie (singular vocative)
wiatrołapy (plural vocative)


węgar

węgar (nominative singular)
węgary (nominative plural)
węgara (genitive singular)
węgarów (genitive plural)
węgarowi (dative singular)
węgarom (dative plural)
węgar (accusative singular)
węgary (accusative plural)
węgarem (instrumental singular)
węgarami (instrumental plural)
węgarze (locative singular)
węgarach (locative plural)
węgarze (singular vocative)
węgary (plural vocative)


węgarek

węgarek (nominative singular)
węgarki (nominative plural)
węgarka (genitive singular)
węgarków (genitive plural)
węgarkowi (dative singular)
węgarkom (dative plural)
węgarek (accusative singular)
węgarki (accusative plural)
węgarkiem (instrumental singular)
węgarkami (instrumental plural)
węgarku (locative singular)
węgarkach (locative plural)
węgarku (singular vocative)
węgarki (plural vocative)


obłąk

obłączek (diminutive)
obłąk (nominative singular)
obłąki (nominative plural)
obłąka (genitive singular)
obłąku (genitive singular)
obłąków (genitive plural)
obłąkowi (dative singular)
obłąkom (dative plural)
obłąk (accusative singular)
obłąki (accusative plural)
obłąkiem (instrumental singular)
obłąkami (instrumental plural)
obłąku (locative singular)
obłąkach (locative plural)
obłąku (singular vocative)
obłąki (plural vocative)


podwalina

podwalina (nominative singular)
podwaliny (nominative plural)
podwaliny (genitive singular)
podwalin (genitive plural)
podwalinie (dative singular)
podwalinom (dative plural)
podwalinę (accusative singular)
podwaliny (accusative plural)
podwaliną (instrumental singular)
podwalinami (instrumental plural)
podwalinie (locative singular)
podwalinach (locative plural)
podwalino (singular vocative)
podwaliny (plural vocative)

(construction, architecture) sill, sill plate, sole plate


nadproże

nadproże (nominative singular)
nadproża (nominative plural)
nadproża (genitive singular)
nadproży (genitive plural)
nadprożu (dative singular)
nadprożom (dative plural)
nadproże (accusative singular)
nadproża (accusative plural)
nadprożem (instrumental singular)
nadprożami (instrumental plural)
nadprożu (locative singular)
nadprożach (locative plural)
nadproże (singular vocative)
nadproża (plural vocative)


podproże

podproże (nominative singular)
podproża (nominative plural)
podproża (genitive singular)
podproży (genitive plural)
podprożu (dative singular)
podprożom (dative plural)
podproże (accusative singular)
podproża (accusative plural)
podprożem (instrumental singular)
podprożami (instrumental plural)
podprożu (locative singular)
podprożach (locative plural)
podproże (singular vocative)
podproża (plural vocative)


westybul

westybul (nominative singular)
westybule (nominative plural)
westybulu (genitive singular)
westybuli (genitive plural)
westybulowi (dative singular)
westybulom (dative plural)
westybul (accusative singular)
westybule (accusative plural)
westybulem (instrumental singular)
westybulami (instrumental plural)
westybulu (locative singular)
westybulach (locative plural)
westybulu (singular vocative)
westybule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin vestibulum.


architraw

architraw (nominative singular)
architrawy (nominative plural)
architrawu (genitive singular)
architrawów (genitive plural)
architrawowi (dative singular)
architrawom (dative plural)
architraw (accusative singular)
architrawy (accusative plural)
architrawem (instrumental singular)
architrawami (instrumental plural)
architrawie (locative singular)
architrawach (locative plural)
architrawie (singular vocative)
architrawy (plural vocative)

(architecture) architrave (the lowest part of an entablature)


fryz

fryz (nominative singular)
fryzy (nominative plural)
fryzu (genitive singular)
fryzów (genitive plural)
fryzowi (dative singular)
fryzom (dative plural)
fryz (accusative singular)
fryzy (accusative plural)
fryzem (instrumental singular)
fryzami (instrumental plural)
fryzie (locative singular)
fryzach (locative plural)
fryzie (singular vocative)
fryzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French frise, from Middle French frise, from Medieval Latin frisium.

(architecture) frieze (space between architrave and cornice)


maszkaron

maszkaron (nominative singular)
maszkarony (nominative plural)
maszkaronu (genitive singular)
maszkaronów (genitive plural)
maszkaronowi (dative singular)
maszkaronom (dative plural)
maszkaron (accusative singular)
maszkarony (accusative plural)
maszkaronem (instrumental singular)
maszkaronami (instrumental plural)
maszkaronie (locative singular)
maszkaronach (locative plural)
maszkaronie (singular vocative)
maszkarony (plural vocative)


maskaron

maskaron (nominative singular)
maskarony (nominative plural)
maskaronu (genitive singular)
maskaronów (genitive plural)
maskaronowi (dative singular)
maskaronom (dative plural)
maskaron (accusative singular)
maskarony (accusative plural)
maskaronem (instrumental singular)
maskaronami (instrumental plural)
maskaronie (locative singular)
maskaronach (locative plural)
maskaronie (singular vocative)
maskarony (plural vocative)


maszkara

maszkarka (diminutive)
maszkara (nominative singular)
maszkary (nominative plural)
maszkary (genitive singular)
maszkar (genitive plural)
maszkarze (dative singular)
maszkarom (dative plural)
maszkarę (accusative singular)
maszkary (accusative plural)
maszkarą (instrumental singular)
maszkarami (instrumental plural)
maszkarze (locative singular)
maszkarach (locative plural)
maszkaro (singular vocative)
maszkary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish máscara. Doublet of maskara.


baptysterium

baptysterium (nominative singular)
baptysteria (nominative plural)
baptysterium (genitive singular)
baptysteriów (genitive plural)
baptysterium (dative singular)
baptysteriom (dative plural)
baptysterium (accusative singular)
baptysteria (accusative plural)
baptysterium (instrumental singular)
baptysteriami (instrumental plural)
baptysterium (locative singular)
baptysteriach (locative plural)
baptysterium (singular vocative)
baptysteria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin baptistērium, from Ancient Greek βαπτιστήριον (baptistḗrion).

der

βαπτιστήριον


zwód

zwód (nominative singular)
zwody (nominative plural)
zwodu (genitive singular)
zwodów (genitive plural)
zwodowi (dative singular)
zwodom (dative plural)
zwód (accusative singular)
zwody (accusative plural)
zwodem (instrumental singular)
zwodami (instrumental plural)
zwodzie (locative singular)
zwodach (locative plural)
zwodzie (singular vocative)
zwody (plural vocative)

(Przemyśl, architecture) part of a roof above a barn door


mównica

mównica (nominative singular)
mównice (nominative plural)
mównicy (genitive singular)
mównic (genitive plural)
mównicy (dative singular)
mównicom (dative plural)
mównicę (accusative singular)
mównice (accusative plural)
mównicą (instrumental singular)
mównicami (instrumental plural)
mównicy (locative singular)
mównicach (locative plural)
mównico (singular vocative)
mównice (plural vocative)
mownica (alternative obsolete)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mlewH-der.
Proto-Slavic *mъ̀lva
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Proto-Slavic *mъlviti
Old Polish mówić
Polish mówić
Proto-Slavic *-ьnica
Old Polish -nica
Polish -nica
Polish mównica
From mówić + -nica. First attested in 1809.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “mownica”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(architecture) platform, tribune, pulpit (a raised stage from which speeches are made)


kazalnica

kazalnica (nominative singular)
kazalnice (nominative plural)
kazalnicy (genitive singular)
kazalnic (genitive plural)
kazalnicy (dative singular)
kazalnicom (dative plural)
kazalnicę (accusative singular)
kazalnice (accusative plural)
kazalnicą (instrumental singular)
kazalnicami (instrumental plural)
kazalnicy (locative singular)
kazalnicach (locative plural)
kazalnico (singular vocative)
kazalnice (plural vocative)

(dated, architecture, Roman Catholicism) pulpit (a raised platform or lectern in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers the sermon)


kapinos

kapinos (nominative singular)
kapinosy (nominative plural)
kapinosu (genitive singular)
kapinosów (genitive plural)
kapinosowi (dative singular)
kapinosom (dative plural)
kapinos (accusative singular)
kapinosy (accusative plural)
kapinosem (instrumental singular)
kapinosami (instrumental plural)
kapinosie (locative singular)
kapinosach (locative plural)
kapinosie (singular vocative)
kapinosy (plural vocative)


konsola

pl-noun

konsola f (diminutive konsolka, related adjective konsolowy)

konsolka (diminutive)
konsolowy (adjective)
konsola (nominative singular)
konsole (nominative plural)
konsoli (genitive singular)
konsol (genitive plural)
konsoli (dative singular)
konsolom (dative plural)
konsolę (accusative singular)
konsole (accusative plural)
konsolą (instrumental singular)
konsolami (instrumental plural)
konsoli (locative singular)
konsolach (locative plural)
konsolo (singular vocative)
konsole (plural vocative)

(architecture) console, corbel (ornamental member jutting out of a wall)


świetlik

świetlik (nominative singular)
świetliki (nominative plural)
świetlika (genitive singular)
świetlików (genitive plural)
świetlikowi (dative singular)
świetlikom (dative plural)
świetlik (accusative singular)
świetliki (accusative plural)
świetlikiem (instrumental singular)
świetlikami (instrumental plural)
świetliku (locative singular)
świetlikach (locative plural)
świetliku (singular vocative)
świetliki (plural vocative)

(architecture, nautical) roof light, skylight (opening in the roof)


kartusz

kartusz (nominative singular)
kartusze (nominative plural)
kartusza (genitive singular)
kartuszy (genitive plural)
kartuszów (genitive plural)
kartuszowi (dative singular)
kartuszom (dative plural)
kartusz (accusative singular)
kartusze (accusative plural)
kartuszem (instrumental singular)
kartuszami (instrumental plural)
kartuszu (locative singular)
kartuszach (locative plural)
kartuszu (singular vocative)
kartusze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cartouche, from Italian cartuccia, a diminutive of carta, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).


antresola

antresola (nominative singular)
antresole (nominative plural)
antresoli (genitive singular)
antresoli (genitive plural)
antresol (genitive plural)
antresoli (dative singular)
antresolom (dative plural)
antresolę (accusative singular)
antresole (accusative plural)
antresolą (instrumental singular)
antresolami (instrumental plural)
antresoli (locative singular)
antresolach (locative plural)
antresolo (singular vocative)
antresole (plural vocative)


pawlacz

pawlacz (nominative singular)
pawlacze (nominative plural)
pawlacza (genitive singular)
pawlaczy (genitive plural)
pawlaczowi (dative singular)
pawlaczom (dative plural)
pawlacz (accusative singular)
pawlacze (accusative plural)
pawlaczem (instrumental singular)
pawlaczami (instrumental plural)
pawlaczu (locative singular)
pawlaczach (locative plural)
pawlaczu (singular vocative)
pawlacze (plural vocative)


wiata

wiata (nominative singular)
wiaty (nominative plural)
wiaty (genitive singular)
wiat (genitive plural)
wiacie (dative singular)
wiatom (dative plural)
wiatę (accusative singular)
wiaty (accusative plural)
wiatą (instrumental singular)
wiatami (instrumental plural)
wiacie (locative singular)
wiatach (locative plural)
wiato (singular vocative)
wiaty (plural vocative)

From jata. The initial w- probably from the prepositional phrase w jacie (“in a hut, tent”).


kokosznik

kokosznik (nominative singular)
kokoszniki (nominative plural)
kokosznika (genitive singular)
kokoszników (genitive plural)
kokosznikowi (dative singular)
kokosznikom (dative plural)
kokosznik (accusative singular)
kokoszniki (accusative plural)
kokosznikiem (instrumental singular)
kokosznikami (instrumental plural)
kokoszniku (locative singular)
kokosznikach (locative plural)
kokoszniku (singular vocative)
kokoszniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian кокошник (kokošnik).


amalaka

amalaka (nominative singular)
amalaki (nominative plural)
amalaki (genitive singular)
amalak (genitive plural)
amalace (dative singular)
amalakom (dative plural)
amalakę (accusative singular)
amalaki (accusative plural)
amalaką (instrumental singular)
amalakami (instrumental plural)
amalace (locative singular)
amalakach (locative plural)
amalako (singular vocative)
amalaki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English amalaka. Ultimately from Sanskrit आमलक (āmalaka, “emblic, Indian gooseberry”). First attested in 1900.

ref

amalaka in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego