abort

abort (nominative singular)
aborty (nominative plural)
abortu (genitive singular)
abortów (genitive plural)
abortowi (dative singular)
abortom (dative plural)
abort (accusative singular)
aborty (accusative plural)
abortem (instrumental singular)
abortami (instrumental plural)
aborcie (locative singular)
abortach (locative plural)
aborcie (singular vocative)
aborty (plural vocative)

(computing) force quit, closing (act of stopping a program)


absorber

absorber (nominative singular)
absorbery (nominative plural)
absorbera (genitive singular)
absorberów (genitive plural)
absorberowi (dative singular)
absorberom (dative plural)
absorber (accusative singular)
absorbery (accusative plural)
absorberem (instrumental singular)
absorberami (instrumental plural)
absorberze (locative singular)
absorberach (locative plural)
absorberze (singular vocative)
absorbery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English absorber. First attested in 1922.

ref

Przemysł Chemiczny : miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom polskiego przemysłu chemicznego, wydawany staraniem Instytutu Badań Naukowych i Technicznych "Metan" we Lwowie, number R. 6, nr 6, 1922, page 165

(chemistry, technology) absorber (device causing gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid)

(technology) scrubber (device that removes impurities from gases)


bit

bitowy (adjective)
bit (nominative singular)
bity (nominative plural)
bit (genitive singular)
bita (genitive singular)
bitów (genitive plural)
bitowi (dative singular)
bitom (dative plural)
bit (accusative singular)
bity (accusative plural)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bitami (instrumental plural)
bicie (locative singular)
bitach (locative plural)
bicie (singular vocative)
bity (plural vocative)

bit informacji

bit po bicie

(mathematics, computing) bit (binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0)


port

pl-noun

port m inan (diminutive porcik, related adjective portowy)

porcik (diminutive)
portowy (adjective)
port (nominative singular)
porty (nominative plural)
portu (genitive singular)
portów (genitive plural)
portowi (dative singular)
portom (dative plural)
port (accusative singular)
porty (accusative plural)
portem (instrumental singular)
portami (instrumental plural)
porcie (locative singular)
portach (locative plural)
porcie (singular vocative)
porty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: pòrt

Inherited from Old Polish port. Sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from English port. Doublet of fiord (“fjord”).

sl

(computing) port (logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred)

(computing, networking) port (number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service)


bot

bot (nominative singular)
boty (nominative plural)
bota (genitive singular)
botów (genitive plural)
botowi (dative singular)
botom (dative plural)
bota (accusative singular)
boty (accusative plural)
botem (instrumental singular)
botami (instrumental plural)
bocie (locative singular)
botach (locative plural)
bocie (singular vocative)
boty (plural vocative)


war

war (nominative singular)
wary (nominative plural)
waru (genitive singular)
warów (genitive plural)
warowi (dative singular)
warom (dative plural)
war (accusative singular)
wary (accusative plural)
warem (instrumental singular)
warami (instrumental plural)
warze (locative singular)
warach (locative plural)
warze (singular vocative)
wary (plural vocative)

(physics) var, volt-ampere reactive (unit of electrical power)


LED

ledowy (adjective)
LED (nominative singular)
LED-y (nominative plural)
LED-a (genitive singular)
LED-ów (genitive plural)
LED-owi (dative singular)
LED-om (dative plural)
LED (accusative singular)
LED-y (accusative plural)
LED-em (instrumental singular)
LED-ami (instrumental plural)
LED-zie (locative singular)
LED-ach (locative plural)
LED-zie (singular vocative)
LED-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English LED.

(electronics, technology) LED (rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light)


DVD

(computing) DVD (optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format)

(computing) DVD (drive in a computer that plays such discs)


SMS

pl-noun

SMS m animal or m inan (related adjective SMS-owy)

SMS m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
SMS-owy (adjective)
SMS (nominative singular)
SMS-y (nominative plural)
SMS-a (genitive singular)
SMS-u (genitive singular)
SMS-ów (genitive plural)
SMS-owi (dative singular)
SMS-om (dative plural)
SMS-a (accusative singular)
SMS (accusative singular)
SMS-y (accusative plural)
SMS-em (instrumental singular)
SMS-ami (instrumental plural)
SMS-ie (locative singular)
SMS-ach (locative plural)
SMS-ie (singular vocative)
SMS-y (plural vocative)
sms (alternative)

Orthographic borrowing from English SMS.

short message service
short message service

(uncountable, telecommunications) short message service (system for transmitting text messages on mobile phones)


software

software (nominative singular)
software'u (genitive singular)
software'owi (dative singular)
software (accusative singular)
software'em (instrumental singular)
softwarze (locative singular)
softwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English software.

ubor

(software) software (encoded computer instructions)

(technology) technical and organizational ideas


absorbent

absorbent (nominative singular)
absorbenty (nominative plural)
absorbentu (genitive singular)
absorbentów (genitive plural)
absorbentowi (dative singular)
absorbentom (dative plural)
absorbent (accusative singular)
absorbenty (accusative plural)
absorbentem (instrumental singular)
absorbentami (instrumental plural)
absorbencie (locative singular)
absorbentach (locative plural)
absorbencie (singular vocative)
absorbenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English absorbent, from Latin absorbēns. First attested in 1925.

ref

Przemysł Chemiczny : miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom polskiego przemysłu chemicznego, wydawany staraniem Instytutu Badań Naukowych i Technicznych "Metan" we Lwowie, number R. 9, nr 11/12, 1925, page 257

(chemistry) absorbent, absorber (anything which absorbs)


pulpit

pulpicik (diminutive)
pulpit (nominative singular)
pulpity (nominative plural)
pulpitu (genitive singular)
pulpitów (genitive plural)
pulpitowi (dative singular)
pulpitom (dative plural)
pulpit (accusative singular)
pulpity (accusative plural)
pulpitem (instrumental singular)
pulpitami (instrumental plural)
pulpicie (locative singular)
pulpitach (locative plural)
pulpicie (singular vocative)
pulpity (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pulpitum. Doublet of pult.

(computing) desktop (the main graphical user interface of an operating system)


argument

argumencik (diminutive)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenty (nominative plural)
argumentu (genitive singular)
argumentów (genitive plural)
argumentowi (dative singular)
argumentom (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumenty (accusative plural)
argumentem (instrumental singular)
argumentami (instrumental plural)
argumencie (locative singular)
argumentach (locative plural)
argumencie (singular vocative)
argumenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum.

(philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)
adamas (alternative Middle Polish)
adament (alternative Middle Polish)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


update

update (nominative singular)
update'y (nominative plural)
update'u (genitive singular)
update'ów (genitive plural)
update'owi (dative singular)
update'om (dative plural)
update (accusative singular)
update'y (accusative plural)
update'em (instrumental singular)
update'ami (instrumental plural)
updacie (locative singular)
update'ach (locative plural)
updacie (singular vocative)
update'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English update.

(computer science) update (action of making something up to date)


talk

talk (nominative singular)
talku (genitive singular)
talkowi (dative singular)
talk (accusative singular)
talkiem (instrumental singular)
talku (locative singular)
talku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin talcum.


benzol

benzol (nominative singular)
benzole (nominative plural)
benzolu (genitive singular)
benzoli (genitive plural)
benzolowi (dative singular)
benzolom (dative plural)
benzol (accusative singular)
benzole (accusative plural)
benzolem (instrumental singular)
benzolami (instrumental plural)
benzolu (locative singular)
benzolach (locative plural)
benzolu (singular vocative)
benzole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Benzol. By surface analysis, benzen + -ol.

(organic chemistry) benzol (an impure benzen)


kaczka

pl-noun

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)
kacka (alternative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka, a West Slavic innovation of onomatopoeic origin (for the duck's cry, compare English quack for a similar formation) which replaced Proto-Slavic *ǫtь (“duck”) in West Slavic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


klawiatura

klawiatura (nominative singular)
klawiatury (nominative plural)
klawiatury (genitive singular)
klawiatur (genitive plural)
klawiaturze (dative singular)
klawiaturom (dative plural)
klawiaturę (accusative singular)
klawiatury (accusative plural)
klawiaturą (instrumental singular)
klawiaturami (instrumental plural)
klawiaturze (locative singular)
klawiaturach (locative plural)
klawiaturo (singular vocative)
klawiatury (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: клавіятура (klavijatura)

→ Ukrainian: клавіатура (klaviatura)

Borrowed from German Klaviatur, from Latin clāvis.


pin

pin (nominative singular)
piny (nominative plural)
pinu (genitive singular)
pinów (genitive plural)
pinowi (dative singular)
pinom (dative plural)
pin (accusative singular)
piny (accusative plural)
pinem (instrumental singular)
pinami (instrumental plural)
pinie (locative singular)
pinach (locative plural)
pinie (singular vocative)
piny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pin, from Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn, from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint-, from Proto-Indo-European *bend-.

(electricity) lead, pin (any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector)


lit

lit (nominative singular)
litu (genitive singular)
litowi (dative singular)
lit (accusative singular)
litem (instrumental singular)
licie (locative singular)
licie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin lithium.

lbor

(informal, organic chemistry) lithium carbonate (lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li2CO3, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder)


benzyl

benzyl (nominative singular)
benzylu (genitive singular)
benzylowi (dative singular)
benzyl (accusative singular)
benzylem (instrumental singular)
benzylu (locative singular)
benzylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French benzyle or English benzyl.


bug

bug m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bug (nominative singular)
bugi (nominative plural)
buga (genitive singular)
bugu (genitive singular)
bugów (genitive plural)
bugowi (dative singular)
bugom (dative plural)
bug (accusative singular)
buga (accusative singular)
bugi (accusative plural)
bugiem (instrumental singular)
bugami (instrumental plural)
bugu (locative singular)
bugach (locative plural)
bugu (singular vocative)
bugi (plural vocative)

(slang, software) software bug (error, flaw, or fault in the design, development, or operation of computer software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways)


reset

reset (nominative singular)
resety (nominative plural)
resetu (genitive singular)
resetów (genitive plural)
resetowi (dative singular)
resetom (dative plural)
reset (accusative singular)
resety (accusative plural)
resetem (instrumental singular)
resetami (instrumental plural)
resecie (locative singular)
resetach (locative plural)
resecie (singular vocative)
resety (plural vocative)

(computing) reset (device, such as a button or switch, for resetting a computer)


spin

spin (nominative singular)
spiny (nominative plural)
spinu (genitive singular)
spinów (genitive plural)
spinowi (dative singular)
spinom (dative plural)
spin (accusative singular)
spiny (accusative plural)
spinem (instrumental singular)
spinami (instrumental plural)
spinie (locative singular)
spinach (locative plural)
spinie (singular vocative)
spiny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English spin, from Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan.

(physics) spin (quantum angular momentum)


modem

pl-noun

modem m inan (related adjective modemowy)

modemowy (adjective)
modem (nominative singular)
modemy (nominative plural)
modemu (genitive singular)
modemów (genitive plural)
modemowi (dative singular)
modemom (dative plural)
modem (accusative singular)
modemy (accusative plural)
modemem (instrumental singular)
modemami (instrumental plural)
modemie (locative singular)
modemach (locative plural)
modemie (singular vocative)
modemy (plural vocative)


fluid

fluid (nominative singular)
fluidy (nominative plural)
fluidu (genitive singular)
fluidów (genitive plural)
fluidowi (dative singular)
fluidom (dative plural)
fluid (accusative singular)
fluidy (accusative plural)
fluidem (instrumental singular)
fluidami (instrumental plural)
fluidzie (locative singular)
fluidach (locative plural)
fluidzie (singular vocative)
fluidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English fluid, French fluide, German Fluid, ultimately from Latin fluidus.

(electricity, historical) fluid (continuous, weightless substance that was formerly identified with or considered the essence of electricity, heat, and magnetism)


metal

metal m inan (related adjective metalowy)

metalowy (adjective)
metal (nominative singular)
metale (nominative plural)
metalu (genitive singular)
metali (genitive plural)
metalowi (dative singular)
metalom (dative plural)
metal (accusative singular)
metale (accusative plural)
metalem (instrumental singular)
metalami (instrumental plural)
metalu (locative singular)
metalach (locative plural)
metalu (singular vocative)
metale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English metal, French métal, German Metall, ultimately from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English metal.

sl

(chemistry) metal (atomic element or material made of such atoms)


analog

analog (nominative singular)
analogi (nominative plural)
analogu (genitive singular)
analogów (genitive plural)
analogowi (dative singular)
analogom (dative plural)
analog (accusative singular)
analogi (accusative plural)
analogiem (instrumental singular)
analogami (instrumental plural)
analogu (locative singular)
analogach (locative plural)
analogu (singular vocative)
analogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “analog”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 34

analog insuliny

(chemistry) analog (structural derivative)

(colloquial, technology) any analog device


stop

stop (nominative singular)
stopy (nominative plural)
stopu (genitive singular)
stopów (genitive plural)
stopowi (dative singular)
stopom (dative plural)
stop (accusative singular)
stopy (accusative plural)
stopem (instrumental singular)
stopami (instrumental plural)
stopie (locative singular)
stopach (locative plural)
stopie (singular vocative)
stopy (plural vocative)

Mosiądz jest stopem miedzi i cynku.

(chemistry) an alloy; a mixture of metals


humanoid

pl-noun

humanoid m animal (related adjective humanoidalny)

humanoidalny (adjective)
humanoid (nominative singular)
humanoidy (nominative plural)
humanoida (genitive singular)
humanoidów (genitive plural)
humanoidowi (dative singular)
humanoidom (dative plural)
humanoida (accusative singular)
humanoidy (accusative plural)
humanoidem (instrumental singular)
humanoidami (instrumental plural)
humanoidzie (locative singular)
humanoidach (locative plural)
humanoidzie (singular vocative)
humanoidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English humanoid, French humanoïde, German Humanoid, ultimately from Latin hūmānus.

(robotics, science fiction) humanoid (being having the appearance or characteristics of a human)


neutron

neutron (nominative singular)
neutrony (nominative plural)
neutronu (genitive singular)
neutronów (genitive plural)
neutronowi (dative singular)
neutronom (dative plural)
neutron (accusative singular)
neutrony (accusative plural)
neutronem (instrumental singular)
neutronami (instrumental plural)
neutronie (locative singular)
neutronach (locative plural)
neutronie (singular vocative)
neutrony (plural vocative)


menu

Unadapted borrowing from English menu, from French menu.

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


start

start (nominative singular)
starty (nominative plural)
startu (genitive singular)
startów (genitive plural)
startowi (dative singular)
startom (dative plural)
start (accusative singular)
starty (accusative plural)
startem (instrumental singular)
startami (instrumental plural)
starcie (locative singular)
startach (locative plural)
starcie (singular vocative)
starty (plural vocative)

Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.

I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.


alert

alert (nominative singular)
alerty (nominative plural)
alertu (genitive singular)
alertów (genitive plural)
alertowi (dative singular)
alertom (dative plural)
alert (accusative singular)
alerty (accusative plural)
alertem (instrumental singular)
alertami (instrumental plural)
alercie (locative singular)
alertach (locative plural)
alercie (singular vocative)
alerty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alerte or English alert, from Italian all'erta. First attested in the second half of the 20th century.


hardware

hardware (nominative singular)
hardware'u (genitive singular)
hardware'owi (dative singular)
hardware (accusative singular)
hardware'em (instrumental singular)
hardwarze (locative singular)
hardwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardware.

ubor

(computer hardware) hardware (material part of a computer)


host

host (nominative singular)
hosty (nominative plural)
hosta (genitive singular)
hostów (genitive plural)
hostowi (dative singular)
hostom (dative plural)
host (accusative singular)
hosty (accusative plural)
hostem (instrumental singular)
hostami (instrumental plural)
hoście (locative singular)
hostach (locative plural)
hoście (singular vocative)
hosty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English host. Doublet of gość.

(networking) host (computer attached to a network)


CD

CD m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)
cd (alternative uncommon)


gamma

gamma (nominative singular)
gammy (nominative plural)
gammy (genitive singular)
gamm (genitive plural)
gammie (dative singular)
gammom (dative plural)
gammę (accusative singular)
gammy (accusative plural)
gammą (instrumental singular)
gammami (instrumental plural)
gammie (locative singular)
gammach (locative plural)
gammo (singular vocative)
gammy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). Doublet of gama.


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).


mer

mer (nominative singular)
mery (nominative plural)
meru (genitive singular)
merów (genitive plural)
merowi (dative singular)
merom (dative plural)
mer (accusative singular)
mery (accusative plural)
merem (instrumental singular)
merami (instrumental plural)
merze (locative singular)
merach (locative plural)
merze (singular vocative)
mery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English mer, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros).


prom

prom (nominative singular)
promy (nominative plural)
promu (genitive singular)
promów (genitive plural)
promowi (dative singular)
promom (dative plural)
prom (accusative singular)
promy (accusative plural)
promem (instrumental singular)
promami (instrumental plural)
promie (locative singular)
promach (locative plural)
promie (singular vocative)
promy (plural vocative)

prom kosmiczny


lambda

lambda (nominative singular)
lambdy (nominative plural)
lambdy (genitive singular)
lambd (genitive plural)
lambdzie (dative singular)
lambdom (dative plural)
lambdę (accusative singular)
lambdy (accusative plural)
lambdą (instrumental singular)
lambdami (instrumental plural)
lambdzie (locative singular)
lambdach (locative plural)
lambdo (singular vocative)
lambdy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda), from Phoenician 𐤋 (l /lāmed/).


atom

atomowy (adjective)
atom (nominative singular)
atomy (nominative plural)
atomu (genitive singular)
atomów (genitive plural)
atomowi (dative singular)
atomom (dative plural)
atom (accusative singular)
atomy (accusative plural)
atomem (instrumental singular)
atomami (instrumental plural)
atomie (locative singular)
atomach (locative plural)
atomie (singular vocative)
atomy (plural vocative)

(physics) atom [with genitive ‘of what’]


argon

argon (nominative singular)
argonu (genitive singular)
argonowi (dative singular)
argon (accusative singular)
argonem (instrumental singular)
argonie (locative singular)
argonie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


PC

(computing) PC, personal computer (small computer, built around a microprocessor, for use by one person at a time)


terminal

terminal (nominative singular)
terminale (nominative plural)
terminalu (genitive singular)
terminala (genitive singular)
terminali (genitive plural)
terminalów (genitive plural)
terminalowi (dative singular)
terminalom (dative plural)
terminal (accusative singular)
terminale (accusative plural)
terminalem (instrumental singular)
terminalami (instrumental plural)
terminalu (locative singular)
terminalach (locative plural)
terminalu (singular vocative)
terminale (plural vocative)

(computing) computer terminal (device for entering data into a computer)


tu

Tu Janek!

(colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(obsolete, engineering) oak block with a handle used for tamping when laying stones, spreading gravel on road surfaces, etc.


generator

generator m inan (related adjective generatorowy)

generatorowy (adjective)
generator (nominative singular)
generatory (nominative plural)
generatora (genitive singular)
generatorów (genitive plural)
generatorowi (dative singular)
generatorom (dative plural)
generator (accusative singular)
generatory (accusative plural)
generatorem (instrumental singular)
generatorami (instrumental plural)
generatorze (locative singular)
generatorach (locative plural)
generatorze (singular vocative)
generatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English generator, French générateur, German Generator, ultimately from Latin generātor.

(electricity) electric generator, generator (device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit)

(programming) generator (subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request)


pilot

pilot (nominative singular)
piloty (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotów (genitive plural)
pilotowi (dative singular)
pilotom (dative plural)
pilot (accusative singular)
piloty (accusative plural)
pilotem (instrumental singular)
pilotami (instrumental plural)
pilocie (locative singular)
pilotach (locative plural)
pilocie (singular vocative)
piloty (plural vocative)


pager

pager (nominative singular)
pagery (nominative plural)
pagera (genitive singular)
pagerów (genitive plural)
pagerowi (dative singular)
pagerom (dative plural)
pager (accusative singular)
pagery (accusative plural)
pagerem (instrumental singular)
pagerami (instrumental plural)
pagerze (locative singular)
pagerach (locative plural)
pagerze (singular vocative)
pagery (plural vocative)

(electronics, telecommunications) pager, beeper (wireless telecommunications device that receives text or voice messages)


acetal

acetal (nominative singular)
acetale (nominative plural)
acetalu (genitive singular)
acetali (genitive plural)
acetalowi (dative singular)
acetalom (dative plural)
acetal (accusative singular)
acetale (accusative plural)
acetalem (instrumental singular)
acetalami (instrumental plural)
acetalu (locative singular)
acetalach (locative plural)
acetalu (singular vocative)
acetale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetal. First attested in 1836.

ref

chapter 3, in Pamiętnik Farmaceutyczny Krakowski, 1836, page 41


amalgam

amalgam (nominative singular)
amalgamy (nominative plural)
amalgamu (genitive singular)
amalgamów (genitive plural)
amalgamowi (dative singular)
amalgamom (dative plural)
amalgam (accusative singular)
amalgamy (accusative plural)
amalgamem (instrumental singular)
amalgamami (instrumental plural)
amalgamie (locative singular)
amalgamach (locative plural)
amalgamie (singular vocative)
amalgamy (plural vocative)
amalgama (alternative obsolete)

Internationalism; compare English amalgam. Possibly borrowed from German Amalgam, French amalgame, or Spanish amalgama, ultimately from Medieval Latin amalgama, from Arabic الْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma). First attested in 1771.

Józef Feliks Rogaliński (1771) Doswiadczenia skutkow rzeczy pod zmysły podpadaiących na publicznych posiedzeniach w szkołach poznańskich Societatis Jesu na widok wystawione y wykladane, Jego Krolewskiey Mosci Panu naszemu Miłościwemu ofiarowane (in Polish), volume 1, page 125

(metallurgy) amalgam (alloy containing mercury)


acetyl

acetyl (nominative singular)
acetyle (nominative plural)
acetylu (genitive singular)
acetyli (genitive plural)
acetylowi (dative singular)
acetylom (dative plural)
acetyl (accusative singular)
acetyle (accusative plural)
acetylem (instrumental singular)
acetylami (instrumental plural)
acetylu (locative singular)
acetylach (locative plural)
acetylu (singular vocative)
acetyle (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetyl. Ultimately from Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”). First attested in 1840.

Seweryn Zdzitowiecki (1840) Rys chemii organicznéj i jej zastosowań : podług dzieła Koehlera Die Chemie in technischer Beziehung, page 14

chlorek acetylu

(organic chemistry) acetyl (the univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid)


operator

pl-noun

operator m pers (female equivalent operatorka)

operatorka (feminine)
operator (nominative singular)
operatorzy (nominative plural)
operatory (derogatory nominative plural)
operatora (genitive singular)
operatorów (genitive plural)
operatorowi (dative singular)
operatorom (dative plural)
operatora (accusative singular)
operatorów (accusative plural)
operatorem (instrumental singular)
operatorami (instrumental plural)
operatorze (locative singular)
operatorach (locative plural)
operatorze (singular vocative)
operatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French opérateur, from Latin operātor.

(telecommunications) operator (company providing operator services)


translator

translator (nominative singular)
translatory (nominative plural)
translatora (genitive singular)
translatorów (genitive plural)
translatorowi (dative singular)
translatorom (dative plural)
translator (accusative singular)
translatory (accusative plural)
translatorem (instrumental singular)
translatorami (instrumental plural)
translatorze (locative singular)
translatorach (locative plural)
translatorze (singular vocative)
translatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English translator, from Middle English translatour, from Old French translator, translatour, translateur, from Latin trānslātor.

(computing) translator (computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation)


interpreter

interpreter (nominative singular)
interpretery (nominative plural)
interpretera (genitive singular)
interpreterów (genitive plural)
interpreterowi (dative singular)
interpreterom (dative plural)
interpreter (accusative singular)
interpretery (accusative plural)
interpreterem (instrumental singular)
interpreterami (instrumental plural)
interpreterze (locative singular)
interpreterach (locative plural)
interpreterze (singular vocative)
interpretery (plural vocative)


element

elemencik (diminutive)
element (nominative singular)
elementy (nominative plural)
elementu (genitive singular)
elementów (genitive plural)
elementowi (dative singular)
elementom (dative plural)
element (accusative singular)
elementy (accusative plural)
elementem (instrumental singular)
elementami (instrumental plural)
elemencie (locative singular)
elementach (locative plural)
elemencie (singular vocative)
elementy (plural vocative)

(obsolete, chemistry) element (any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons)


pole

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(countable, physics) field (physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region)

(computing) field (area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)


font

font (nominative singular)
fonty (nominative plural)
fonta (genitive singular)
fontu (genitive singular)
fontów (genitive plural)
fontowi (dative singular)
fontom (dative plural)
font (accusative singular)
fonty (accusative plural)
fontem (instrumental singular)
fontami (instrumental plural)
foncie (locative singular)
fontach (locative plural)
foncie (singular vocative)
fonty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).

(computing) font (computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs)


lumen

lm (abbreviation)
lumen (nominative singular)
lumeny (nominative plural)
lumena (genitive singular)
lumenu (genitive singular)
lumenów (genitive plural)
lumenowi (dative singular)
lumenom (dative plural)
lumen (accusative singular)
lumeny (accusative plural)
lumenem (instrumental singular)
lumenami (instrumental plural)
lumenie (locative singular)
lumenach (locative plural)
lumenie (singular vocative)
lumeny (plural vocative)

(physics) lumen (derived SI unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela)


weber

Wb (abbreviation)
weber (nominative singular)
webery (nominative plural)
webera (genitive singular)
weberów (genitive plural)
weberowi (dative singular)
weberom (dative plural)
weber (accusative singular)
webery (accusative plural)
weberem (instrumental singular)
weberami (instrumental plural)
weberze (locative singular)
weberach (locative plural)
weberze (singular vocative)
webery (plural vocative)

Named after German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891).

named-after

(physics) weber (derived unit of magnetic flux)


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


transport

transport (nominative singular)
transporty (nominative plural)
transportu (genitive singular)
transportów (genitive plural)
transportowi (dative singular)
transportom (dative plural)
transport (accusative singular)
transporty (accusative plural)
transportem (instrumental singular)
transportami (instrumental plural)
transporcie (locative singular)
transportach (locative plural)
transporcie (singular vocative)
transporty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: transpòrt

Borrowed from French transport. First attested in 1661. Compare Silesian transport.

ref

Merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny, 1661, page 16

(uncountable, engineering) transfer (relocation of energy)


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)
jezyk (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ
Old Polish język
Polish język
Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

etymon

(programming) language (computer language; a machine language)


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)
systema (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(technology) system (set of devices and tools as a whole)

(computing) system (set of hardware and software operating in a computer)


glut

glut (nominative singular)
gluty (nominative plural)
glutu (genitive singular)
glutów (genitive plural)
glutowi (dative singular)
glutom (dative plural)
glut (accusative singular)
gluty (accusative plural)
glutem (instrumental singular)
glutami (instrumental plural)
glucie (locative singular)
glutach (locative plural)
glucie (singular vocative)
gluty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish glót. Compare German Gelöte.

(obsolete, firearms) small lead or iron shot (ammunition) used in a blunderbuss or gun (cannon)


rad

rad (nominative singular)
radu (genitive singular)
radowi (dative singular)
rad (accusative singular)
radem (instrumental singular)
radzie (locative singular)
radzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin radium.

(chemistry) radium (chemical element with an atomic number of 88)


moment

momencik (diminutive)
moment (nominative singular)
momenty (nominative plural)
momentu (genitive singular)
momentów (genitive plural)
momentowi (dative singular)
momentom (dative plural)
moment (accusative singular)
momenty (accusative plural)
momentem (instrumental singular)
momentami (instrumental plural)
momencie (locative singular)
momentach (locative plural)
momencie (singular vocative)
momenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum. First attested in 1592.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “moment”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

moment bezwładności

moment gnący / moment zginający

moment pędu

moment siły

moment skręcający

(physics) moment (turning effect of a force applied to a rotational system at a distance from the axis of rotation)


steward

pl-noun

steward m pers (female equivalent stewardesa)

stewardesa (feminine)
steward (nominative singular)
stewardzi (nominative plural)
stewardowie (nominative plural)
stewardy (derogatory nominative plural)
stewarda (genitive singular)
stewardów (genitive plural)
stewardowi (dative singular)
stewardom (dative plural)
stewarda (accusative singular)
stewardów (accusative plural)
stewardem (instrumental singular)
stewardami (instrumental plural)
stewardzie (locative singular)
stewardach (locative plural)
stewardzie (singular vocative)
stewardzi (plural vocative)
stewardowie (plural vocative)
stewardy (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steward.

ubor

(aviation) steward, flight attendant, air host


token

token (nominative singular)
tokeny (nominative plural)
tokena (genitive singular)
tokenów (genitive plural)
tokenowi (dative singular)
tokenom (dative plural)
token (accusative singular)
tokeny (accusative plural)
tokenem (instrumental singular)
tokenami (instrumental plural)
tokenie (locative singular)
tokenach (locative plural)
tokenie (singular vocative)
tokeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English token. Doublet of cecha and cych.

(computing) security token (peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource)


abandonware

abandonware (nominative singular)
abandonware'u (genitive singular)
abandonware'owi (dative singular)
abandonware (accusative singular)
abandonware'em (instrumental singular)
abandonwarze (locative singular)
abandonwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English abandonware. First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

[…], a które to cechy ewentualnie umożliwiałyby kwalifikację danego programu komputerowego do kategorii abandonware.

2019, Łukasz Koźbiał, “ABANDONWARE W ŚWIETLE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO – UWAGI OGÓLNE”, in Małgorzata Babula, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

[…], which traits could potentially allow for the possibility to qualify the given program as abandonware.

(software) abandonware (software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it)


historia

pl-noun

historia f (diminutive historyjka, related adjective historyczny, abbreviation hist.)

historyjka (diminutive)
historyczny (adjective)
historia (nominative singular)
historie (nominative plural)
historii (genitive singular)
historii (genitive plural)
historyj (archaic genitive plural)
historii (dative singular)
historiom (dative plural)
historię (accusative singular)
historie (accusative plural)
historią (instrumental singular)
historiami (instrumental plural)
historii (locative singular)
historiach (locative plural)
historio (singular vocative)
historie (plural vocative)
historyja (alternative Middle Polish)
istoryja (alternative Middle Polish)
historya (alternative)
historja (alternative)
kfisteryja (alternative)

→ Kashubian: historiô

(countable, computing) history (record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser)


administrator

administrator m pers (female equivalent administratorka)

administratorka (feminine)
administrator (nominative singular)
administratorzy (nominative plural)
administratory (derogatory nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratorów (genitive plural)
administratorowi (dative singular)
administratorom (dative plural)
administratora (accusative singular)
administratorów (accusative plural)
administratorem (instrumental singular)
administratorami (instrumental plural)
administratorze (locative singular)
administratorach (locative plural)
administratorze (singular vocative)
administratorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin administrātor. By surface analysis, administrować + -ator. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “administrator”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(government, management, technology) administrator


alias

alias (nominative singular)
aliasy (nominative plural)
aliasu (genitive singular)
aliasów (genitive plural)
aliasowi (dative singular)
aliasom (dative plural)
alias (accusative singular)
aliasy (accusative plural)
aliasem (instrumental singular)
aliasami (instrumental plural)
aliasie (locative singular)
aliasach (locative plural)
aliasie (singular vocative)
aliasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aliās. First attested in the 19 century.

(computing) alias (abbreviation that replaces a string of commands and thereby reduces typing when performing routine actions or tasks)


alkaloid

alkaloid (nominative singular)
alkaloidy (nominative plural)
alkaloidu (genitive singular)
alkaloidów (genitive plural)
alkaloidowi (dative singular)
alkaloidom (dative plural)
alkaloid (accusative singular)
alkaloidy (accusative plural)
alkaloidem (instrumental singular)
alkaloidami (instrumental plural)
alkaloidzie (locative singular)
alkaloidach (locative plural)
alkaloidzie (singular vocative)
alkaloidy (plural vocative)

From alkalia + -oid. First attested in 1822.

Pamiętnik Warszawski (in Polish), numbers T.3, [ner 9], 1822, page 112


chip

pl-noun

chip m animal or m inan (related adjective chipowy)

chip m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
chipowy (adjective)
chip (nominative singular)
chipy (nominative plural)
chipa (genitive singular)
chipu (genitive singular)
chipów (genitive plural)
chipowi (dative singular)
chipom (dative plural)
chipa (accusative singular)
chip (accusative singular)
chipy (accusative plural)
chipem (instrumental singular)
chipami (instrumental plural)
chipie (locative singular)
chipach (locative plural)
chipie (singular vocative)
chipy (plural vocative)
czip (alternative)

(computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


amid

amid (nominative singular)
amidy (nominative plural)
amidu (genitive singular)
amidów (genitive plural)
amidowi (dative singular)
amidom (dative plural)
amid (accusative singular)
amidy (accusative plural)
amidem (instrumental singular)
amidami (instrumental plural)
amidzie (locative singular)
amidach (locative plural)
amidzie (singular vocative)
amidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; ultimately from New Latin am(mōniacum) + -id. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “amid”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

amid kwasu

grupa amidów

zawierać amid


amyl

amyl (nominative singular)
amylu (genitive singular)
amylowi (dative singular)
amyl (accusative singular)
amylem (instrumental singular)
amylu (locative singular)
amylu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon, “starch”). First attested in 1857.

ref

Jakub Natanson (1857) Krótki rys chemii organicznéj : ze szczególnym względem na rolnictwo, technologią [!] i medycynę. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page 161


materia

materia (nominative singular)
materii (genitive singular)
materii (dative singular)
materię (accusative singular)
materią (instrumental singular)
materii (locative singular)
materio (singular vocative)


demon

demon (nominative singular)
demony (nominative plural)
demona (genitive singular)
demonów (genitive plural)
demonowi (dative singular)
demonom (dative plural)
demona (accusative singular)
demony (accusative plural)
demonem (instrumental singular)
demonami (instrumental plural)
demonie (locative singular)
demonach (locative plural)
demonie (singular vocative)
demony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English daemon.

sl

(computing) daemon (running program that does not have a controlling terminal)


film

pl-noun

film m inan (diminutive filmik, related adjective filmowy)

filmik (diminutive)
filmowy (adjective)
film (nominative singular)
filmy (nominative plural)
filmu (genitive singular)
filmów (genitive plural)
filmowi (dative singular)
filmom (dative plural)
film (accusative singular)
filmy (accusative plural)
filmem (instrumental singular)
filmami (instrumental plural)
filmie (locative singular)
filmach (locative plural)
filmie (singular vocative)
filmy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: film

Borrowed from English film. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “film”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 742

film in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(engineering, sciences) film (thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity)


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(computing) alternative spelling of menedżer


GPS

GPS (nominative singular)
GPS-y (nominative plural)
GPS-u (genitive singular)
GPS-ów (genitive plural)
GPS-owi (dative singular)
GPS-om (dative plural)
GPS (accusative singular)
GPS-y (accusative plural)
GPS-em (instrumental singular)
GPS-ami (instrumental plural)
GPS-ie (locative singular)
GPS-ach (locative plural)
GPS-ie (singular vocative)
GPS-y (plural vocative)

(uncountable, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS (Global Positioning System; a system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites)

(countable, colloquial, astronautics, cartography, navigation, technology) GPS, GPS receiver (audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation)


LSD

Unadapted borrowing from German LSD, initialism of Lysergsäure-diethylamid.

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide

(organic chemistry) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide (powerful synthetic hallucinogen)


program

pl-noun

program m inan (diminutive programik, related adjective programowy)

programik (diminutive)
programowy (adjective)
program (nominative singular)
programy (nominative plural)
programu (genitive singular)
programów (genitive plural)
programowi (dative singular)
programom (dative plural)
program (accusative singular)
programy (accusative plural)
programem (instrumental singular)
programami (instrumental plural)
programie (locative singular)
programach (locative plural)
programie (singular vocative)
programy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French programme. First attested in the 19th cenetury.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “program”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “program”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(computing) program (a computer program)


enter

enter (nominative singular)
entery (nominative plural)
entera (genitive singular)
enterów (genitive plural)
enterowi (dative singular)
enterom (dative plural)
enter (accusative singular)
entery (accusative plural)
enterem (instrumental singular)
enterami (instrumental plural)
enterze (locative singular)
enterach (locative plural)
enterze (singular vocative)
entery (plural vocative)

(computing) Enter (key on a computer keyboard)


format

format (nominative singular)
formaty (nominative plural)
formatu (genitive singular)
formatów (genitive plural)
formatowi (dative singular)
formatom (dative plural)
format (accusative singular)
formaty (accusative plural)
formatem (instrumental singular)
formatami (instrumental plural)
formacie (locative singular)
formatach (locative plural)
formacie (singular vocative)
formaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French format, from German Format, from New Latin liber fōrmātus.


fax

fax (nominative singular)
faksy (nominative plural)
faksu (genitive singular)
faksów (genitive plural)
faksowi (dative singular)
faksom (dative plural)
fax (accusative singular)
faksy (accusative plural)
faksem (instrumental singular)
faksami (instrumental plural)
faksie (locative singular)
faksach (locative plural)
faksie (singular vocative)
faksy (plural vocative)

(telephony) alternative spelling of faks


macintosh

macintosh (nominative singular)
macintoshe (nominative plural)
macintosha (genitive singular)
macintoshów (genitive plural)
macintoshy (genitive plural)
macintoshowi (dative singular)
macintoshom (dative plural)
macintosha (accusative singular)
macintoshe (accusative plural)
macintoshem (instrumental singular)
macintoshami (instrumental plural)
macintoshu (locative singular)
macintoshach (locative plural)
macintoshu (singular vocative)
macintoshe (plural vocative)

(computing) Macintosh-brand notebook computer, manufactured by Apple Computer


droga

dróżka (diminutive)
droga (nominative singular)
drogi (nominative plural)
drogi (genitive singular)
dróg (genitive plural)
drodze (dative singular)
drogom (dative plural)
drogę (accusative singular)
drogi (accusative plural)
drogą (instrumental singular)
drogami (instrumental plural)
drodze (locative singular)
drogach (locative plural)
drogo (singular vocative)
drogi (plural vocative)
dróga (alternative)

(technology) road; highway (means of connecting devices so that they may intercommunicate)

(obsolete, physics) distance travelled by a body


monitor

pl-noun

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


serwer

serwer (nominative singular)
serwery (nominative plural)
serwera (genitive singular)
serwerów (genitive plural)
serwerowi (dative singular)
serwerom (dative plural)
serwer (accusative singular)
serwery (accusative plural)
serwerem (instrumental singular)
serwerami (instrumental plural)
serwerze (locative singular)
serwerach (locative plural)
serwerze (singular vocative)
serwery (plural vocative)


komputer

komputer m inan (diminutive komputerek, related adjective komputerowy)

komputerek (diminutive)
komputerowy (adjective)
komputer (nominative singular)
komputery (nominative plural)
komputera (genitive singular)
komputerów (genitive plural)
komputerowi (dative singular)
komputerom (dative plural)
komputer (accusative singular)
komputery (accusative plural)
komputerem (instrumental singular)
komputerami (instrumental plural)
komputerze (locative singular)
komputerach (locative plural)
komputerze (singular vocative)
komputery (plural vocative)

komputer osobisty

(computing) computer (programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media)


okno

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

okienko (diminutive)
okienny (adjective)
okno (nominative singular)
okna (nominative plural)
okna (genitive singular)
okien (genitive plural)
oknu (dative singular)
oknom (dative plural)
okno (accusative singular)
okna (accusative plural)
oknem (instrumental singular)
oknami (instrumental plural)
oknie (locative singular)
oknach (locative plural)
okno (singular vocative)
okna (plural vocative)
ôkno (alternative)

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) window (rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes)

(obsolete, engineering) opening in an engine cylinder


zombie

Unadapted borrowing from English zombie.

(computing) zombie (computer affected by malware)


tag

tag (nominative singular)
tagi (nominative plural)
tagu (genitive singular)
tagów (genitive plural)
tagowi (dative singular)
tagom (dative plural)
tag (accusative singular)
tagi (accusative plural)
tagiem (instrumental singular)
tagami (instrumental plural)
tagu (locative singular)
tagach (locative plural)
tagu (singular vocative)
tagi (plural vocative)

(computing) tag (piece of markup representing an element in a markup language)


absolut

absolut (nominative singular)
absoluty (nominative plural)
absolutu (genitive singular)
absolutów (genitive plural)
absolutowi (dative singular)
absolutom (dative plural)
absolut (accusative singular)
absoluty (accusative plural)
absolutem (instrumental singular)
absolutami (instrumental plural)
absolucie (locative singular)
absolutach (locative plural)
absolucie (singular vocative)
absoluty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Absolutes or French absolut, from Latin absolūtus. First attested in 1701–1750.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (28.10.2021) “ABSOLUT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


aeroport

aeroport (nominative singular)
aeroporty (nominative plural)
aeroportu (genitive singular)
aeroportów (genitive plural)
aeroportowi (dative singular)
aeroportom (dative plural)
aeroport (accusative singular)
aeroporty (accusative plural)
aeroportem (instrumental singular)
aeroportami (instrumental plural)
aeroporcie (locative singular)
aeroportach (locative plural)
aeroporcie (singular vocative)
aeroporty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French aéroport. By surface analysis, aero- + port. First attested in 1927.


-an

-an (nominative singular)
-any (nominative plural)
-anu (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-an (accusative singular)
-any (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-any (plural vocative)
-an (nominative singular)
-ani (nominative plural)
-any (derogatory nominative plural)
-ana (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-ana (accusative singular)
-anów (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-ani (plural vocative)

chlor (“chlorine”) + -an → chloran (“chlorate”)

(chemistry) -ate, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -owy (-ic)


-in

-in (nominative singular)
-iny (nominative plural)
-inu (genitive singular)
-inów (genitive plural)
-inowi (dative singular)
-inom (dative plural)
-in (accusative singular)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inem (instrumental singular)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inie (locative singular)
-inach (locative plural)
-inie (singular vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)
-yn (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnusder.
Polish -in
Derived from Latin -īnus.

etymon

arsen + -in → arsenin


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.

(computing) transfer (number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel)


pylon

pylon (nominative singular)
pylony (nominative plural)
pylonu (genitive singular)
pylonów (genitive plural)
pylonowi (dative singular)
pylonom (dative plural)
pylon (accusative singular)
pylony (accusative plural)
pylonem (instrumental singular)
pylonami (instrumental plural)
pylonie (locative singular)
pylonach (locative plural)
pylonie (singular vocative)
pylony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn).

lbor

(aviation) pylon (structural element fixed under the wing of an aircraft and holding the engine attached to it)


gloria

gloria (nominative singular)
glorie (nominative plural)
glorii (genitive singular)
glorii (genitive plural)
gloryj (archaic genitive plural)
glorii (dative singular)
gloriom (dative plural)
glorię (accusative singular)
glorie (accusative plural)
glorią (instrumental singular)
gloriami (instrumental plural)
glorii (locative singular)
gloriach (locative plural)
glorio (singular vocative)
glorie (plural vocative)


freeware

pl-noun

freeware m inan (related adjective freeware'owy)

freeware'owy (adjective)
freeware (nominative singular)
freeware'u (genitive singular)
freeware'owi (dative singular)
freeware (accusative singular)
freeware'em (instrumental singular)
freewarze (locative singular)
freewarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English freeware.

ubor

(software) freeware (complete and functional software that does not require payment or other compensation (such as viewing advertising) for its use; it may be a proprietary license with no access to the source code)


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (genitive singular)
-enowi (dative singular)
-en (accusative singular)
-enem (instrumental singular)
-enie (locative singular)
-enie (singular vocative)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek -νός (-nós)
Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)der.
Polish -en
Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).

der+

acetyl + -en → acetylen


lag

lag (nominative singular)
lagi (nominative plural)
laga (genitive singular)
lagów (genitive plural)
lagowi (dative singular)
lagom (dative plural)
lag (accusative singular)
lagi (accusative plural)
lagiem (instrumental singular)
lagami (instrumental plural)
lagu (locative singular)
lagach (locative plural)
lagu (singular vocative)
lagi (plural vocative)

(computing, slang) lag (bad connection, loss of connection)


cyborg

cyborg (nominative singular)
cyborgi (nominative plural)
cyborga (genitive singular)
cyborgów (genitive plural)
cyborgowi (dative singular)
cyborgom (dative plural)
cyborga (accusative singular)
cyborgi (accusative plural)
cyborgiem (instrumental singular)
cyborgami (instrumental plural)
cyborgu (locative singular)
cyborgach (locative plural)
cyborgu (singular vocative)
cyborgi (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English cyborg.

obor

(robotics, science fiction) cyborg (being which is part machine and part organic)


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)
berył (alternative Middle Polish)

(mineralogy, countable) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)

(colloquial, firearms, countable) FB Beryl


panel

panel m inan (related adjective panelowy)

panelowy (adjective)
panel (nominative singular)
panele (nominative plural)
panelu (genitive singular)
paneli (genitive plural)
panelowi (dative singular)
panelom (dative plural)
panel (accusative singular)
panele (accusative plural)
panelem (instrumental singular)
panelami (instrumental plural)
panelu (locative singular)
panelach (locative plural)
panelu (singular vocative)
panele (plural vocative)

pl:Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny

Borrowed from English panel. First attested in 1954.

(electronics) panel (device mounted on the front of another device for programming and controlling it)

(graphical user interface) panel (computer program giving a user control over various elements)

(technology) panel (device consisting of large panels installed on the roofs of buildings to capture solar energy and convert it into electrical energy)


hazard

hazard (nominative singular)
hazardy (nominative plural)
hazardu (genitive singular)
hazardów (genitive plural)
hazardowi (dative singular)
hazardom (dative plural)
hazard (accusative singular)
hazardy (accusative plural)
hazardem (instrumental singular)
hazardami (instrumental plural)
hazardzie (locative singular)
hazardach (locative plural)
hazardzie (singular vocative)
hazardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hasard, from Old French hasart, from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).


aryl

aryl (nominative singular)
aryle (nominative plural)
arylu (genitive singular)
aryli (genitive plural)
arylowi (dative singular)
arylom (dative plural)
aryl (accusative singular)
aryle (accusative plural)
arylem (instrumental singular)
arylami (instrumental plural)
arylu (locative singular)
arylach (locative plural)
arylu (singular vocative)
aryle (plural vocative)


baton

baton m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
baton (nominative singular)
batony (nominative plural)
batona (genitive singular)
batonu (genitive singular)
batonów (genitive plural)
batonowi (dative singular)
batonom (dative plural)
batona (accusative singular)
baton (accusative singular)
batony (accusative plural)
batonem (instrumental singular)
batonami (instrumental plural)
batonie (locative singular)
batonach (locative plural)
batonie (singular vocative)
batony (plural vocative)

(graphical user interface) alternative spelling of button


cache

cache (nominative singular)
cache'u (genitive singular)
cache'owi (dative singular)
cache (accusative singular)
cache'em (instrumental singular)
cache'u (locative singular)
cache'u (singular vocative)

(computing) cache (fast temporary storage where recently or frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium)


hadron

hadron (nominative singular)
hadrony (nominative plural)
hadrona (genitive singular)
hadronów (genitive plural)
hadronowi (dative singular)
hadronom (dative plural)
hadron (accusative singular)
hadrony (accusative plural)
hadronem (instrumental singular)
hadronami (instrumental plural)
hadronie (locative singular)
hadronach (locative plural)
hadronie (singular vocative)
hadrony (plural vocative)


dynamo

dynamo (nominative singular)
dynama (nominative plural)
dynama (genitive singular)
dynam (genitive plural)
dynamu (dative singular)
dynamom (dative plural)
dynamo (accusative singular)
dynama (accusative plural)
dynamem (instrumental singular)
dynamami (instrumental plural)
dynamie (locative singular)
dynamach (locative plural)
dynamo (singular vocative)
dynama (plural vocative)

dynamo-electric machine
dynamo-electric machine

(electromagnetism) dynamo, dynamo-electric machine, DC generator (electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity)


enol

enol (nominative singular)
enole (nominative plural)
enolu (genitive singular)
enoli (genitive plural)
enolowi (dative singular)
enolom (dative plural)
enol (accusative singular)
enole (accusative plural)
enolem (instrumental singular)
enolami (instrumental plural)
enolu (locative singular)
enolach (locative plural)
enolu (singular vocative)
enole (plural vocative)


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
erga (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).


galena

galena (nominative singular)
galeny (genitive singular)
galenie (dative singular)
galenę (accusative singular)
galeną (instrumental singular)
galenie (locative singular)
galeno (singular vocative)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
miga (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
miga (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(aviation) MiG (any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft)


opal

opal (nominative singular)
opale (nominative plural)
opalu (genitive singular)
opali (genitive plural)
opalowi (dative singular)
opalom (dative plural)
opal (accusative singular)
opale (accusative plural)
opalem (instrumental singular)
opalami (instrumental plural)
opalu (locative singular)
opalach (locative plural)
opalu (singular vocative)
opale (plural vocative)


pion

pion (nominative singular)
piony (nominative plural)
pionu (genitive singular)
pionów (genitive plural)
pionowi (dative singular)
pionom (dative plural)
pion (accusative singular)
piony (accusative plural)
pionem (instrumental singular)
pionami (instrumental plural)
pionie (locative singular)
pionach (locative plural)
pionie (singular vocative)
piony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pion, a shortened form of pi meson.


propyl

propyl (nominative singular)
propyle (nominative plural)
propylu (genitive singular)
propyli (genitive plural)
propylowi (dative singular)
propylom (dative plural)
propyl (accusative singular)
propyle (accusative plural)
propylem (instrumental singular)
propylami (instrumental plural)
propylu (locative singular)
propylach (locative plural)
propylu (singular vocative)
propyle (plural vocative)


tensor

pl-noun

tensor m inan (related adjective tensorowy)

tensorowy (adjective)
tensor (nominative singular)
tensory (nominative plural)
tensora (genitive singular)
tensorów (genitive plural)
tensorowi (dative singular)
tensorom (dative plural)
tensor (accusative singular)
tensory (accusative plural)
tensorem (instrumental singular)
tensorami (instrumental plural)
tensorze (locative singular)
tensorach (locative plural)
tensorze (singular vocative)
tensory (plural vocative)


notebook

notebook m inan or m animal (related adjective notebookowy)

notebook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
notebookowy (adjective)
notebook (nominative singular)
notebooki (nominative plural)
notebooka (genitive singular)
notebooków (genitive plural)
notebookowi (dative singular)
notebookom (dative plural)
notebook (accusative singular)
notebooka (accusative singular)
notebooki (accusative plural)
notebookiem (instrumental singular)
notebookami (instrumental plural)
notebooku (locative singular)
notebookach (locative plural)
notebooku (singular vocative)
notebooki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English notebook.

ubor

(computing) notebook, notebook computer (class of laptop computer that is around the size of a spiral-bound notebook with A4 or letter-sized pages)


assembler

assembler (nominative singular)
assemblery (nominative plural)
assemblera (genitive singular)
assemblerów (genitive plural)
assemblerowi (dative singular)
assemblerom (dative plural)
assembler (accusative singular)
assemblery (accusative plural)
assemblerem (instrumental singular)
assemblerami (instrumental plural)
assemblerze (locative singular)
assemblerach (locative plural)
assemblerze (singular vocative)
assemblery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English assembler.

(computer languages, countable or uncountable) alternative spelling of asembler


amyloid

amyloid (nominative singular)
amyloidy (nominative plural)
amyloidu (genitive singular)
amyloidów (genitive plural)
amyloidowi (dative singular)
amyloidom (dative plural)
amyloid (accusative singular)
amyloidy (accusative plural)
amyloidem (instrumental singular)
amyloidami (instrumental plural)
amyloidzie (locative singular)
amyloidach (locative plural)
amyloidzie (singular vocative)
amyloidy (plural vocative)

From amyl + -oid. First attested in 1852.

ref

Szymon Fabian (1852) Farmacya. T. 1, Początki botaniki i zoologii, chemia organiczna i farmakognozya (in Polish), page 61

złogi amyloidu

(medicine, biochemistry) amyloid (protein compound)


gluon

gluon (nominative singular)
gluony (nominative plural)
gluonu (genitive singular)
gluonów (genitive plural)
gluonowi (dative singular)
gluonom (dative plural)
gluon (accusative singular)
gluony (accusative plural)
gluonem (instrumental singular)
gluonami (instrumental plural)
gluonie (locative singular)
gluonach (locative plural)
gluonie (singular vocative)
gluony (plural vocative)


fermion

fermion (nominative singular)
fermiony (nominative plural)
fermionu (genitive singular)
fermionów (genitive plural)
fermionowi (dative singular)
fermionom (dative plural)
fermion (accusative singular)
fermiony (accusative plural)
fermionem (instrumental singular)
fermionami (instrumental plural)
fermionie (locative singular)
fermionach (locative plural)
fermionie (singular vocative)
fermiony (plural vocative)


lepton

Borrowed from English lepton, from Ancient Greek λεπτόν (leptón).


neutrino

neutrino (nominative singular)
neutrina (nominative plural)
neutrina (genitive singular)
neutrin (genitive plural)
neutrinu (dative singular)
neutrinom (dative plural)
neutrino (accusative singular)
neutrina (accusative plural)
neutrinem (instrumental singular)
neutrinami (instrumental plural)
neutrinie (locative singular)
neutrinach (locative plural)
neutrino (singular vocative)
neutrina (plural vocative)


androgen

androgen (nominative singular)
androgeny (nominative plural)
androgenu (genitive singular)
androgenów (genitive plural)
androgenowi (dative singular)
androgenom (dative plural)
androgen (accusative singular)
androgeny (accusative plural)
androgenem (instrumental singular)
androgenami (instrumental plural)
androgenie (locative singular)
androgenach (locative plural)
androgenie (singular vocative)
androgeny (plural vocative)

From andro- + gen. First attested in 1884.

Juliusz Słowacki (1884) Genezis z Ducha ; List do J. N. Rembowskiego ; Wykład nauki ; Dziennik z r. 1847-1849 (in Polish), page 86

męskie androgeny


ester

ester (nominative singular)
estry (nominative plural)
estru (genitive singular)
estrów (genitive plural)
estrowi (dative singular)
estrom (dative plural)
ester (accusative singular)
estry (accusative plural)
estrem (instrumental singular)
estrami (instrumental plural)
estrze (locative singular)
estrach (locative plural)
estrze (singular vocative)
estry (plural vocative)


albedo

Learned borrowing from Latin albēdō. First attested in 1908.

Zasady fizyki: Fizyka ogólna, dynamiczne własności materyi, akustyka (in Polish), volume 1, 1908, page x

albedo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

niskie/małe albedo

wysokie albedo

ziemskie albedo/albedo Ziemi

albedo wynosi ileś

albedo neutronów

albedo powierzchni

albedo planety

albedo śniegu

wartość albedo

wielkości albedo

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


terminator

terminator (nominative singular)
terminatory (nominative plural)
terminatoru (genitive singular)
terminatorów (genitive plural)
terminatorowi (dative singular)
terminatorom (dative plural)
terminator (accusative singular)
terminatory (accusative plural)
terminatorem (instrumental singular)
terminatorami (instrumental plural)
terminatorze (locative singular)
terminatorach (locative plural)
terminatorze (singular vocative)
terminatory (plural vocative)


proto-

Derived from Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-).

der+

proto- + -liza → protoliza


adapter

adapterek (diminutive)
adapter (nominative singular)
adaptery (nominative plural)
adaptera (genitive singular)
adapteru (genitive singular)
adapterów (genitive plural)
adapterowi (dative singular)
adapterom (dative plural)
adapter (accusative singular)
adaptery (accusative plural)
adapterem (instrumental singular)
adapterami (instrumental plural)
adapterze (locative singular)
adapterach (locative plural)
adapterze (singular vocative)
adaptery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English adapter. First attested in 1903.

ref

Józef Świtkowski (1903) Fotografia praktyczna w zarysie do użytku amatorów, page 39

adapter sieciowy/sieci

adapter USB

(electronics) adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


admin

pl-noun

admin m pers (female equivalent adminka)

adminka (feminine)
admin (nominative singular)
admini (nominative plural)
adminy (derogatory nominative plural)
admina (genitive singular)
adminów (genitive plural)
adminowi (dative singular)
adminom (dative plural)
admina (accusative singular)
adminów (accusative plural)
adminem (instrumental singular)
adminami (instrumental plural)
adminie (locative singular)
adminach (locative plural)
adminie (singular vocative)
admini (plural vocative)

Clipping of administrator, probably under international influence. First attested in 1991.

nadgorliwy admin

rozsądny admin

dowolny admin

inny admin

admin forum

admin serwera

admin sieci

admin strony

pisać/napisać do admina

zwracać się/zwrócić się do admina

zgłaszać się/zgłosić się do/na admina

głosowanie na admina


folder

folder (nominative singular)
foldery (nominative plural)
folderu (more rarely foldera) (genitive singular)
folderów (genitive plural)
folderowi (dative singular)
folderom (dative plural)
folder (accusative singular)
foldery (accusative plural)
folderem (instrumental singular)
folderami (instrumental plural)
folderze (locative singular)
folderach (locative plural)
folderze (singular vocative)
foldery (plural vocative)


upgrade

upgrade (nominative singular)
upgrade'y (nominative plural)
upgrade'u (genitive singular)
upgrade'ów (genitive plural)
upgrade'owi (dative singular)
upgrade'om (dative plural)
upgrade (accusative singular)
upgrade'y (accusative plural)
upgrade'em (instrumental singular)
upgrade'ami (instrumental plural)
upgradzie (locative singular)
upgrade'ach (locative plural)
upgrade (singular vocative)
upgrade'y (plural vocative)
apgrejd (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English upgrade.

ubor

(colloquial, computer science) upgrade (modernisation of technology)


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)
bábka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete, engineering) hammer with the same head on both sides


browning

browning (nominative singular)
browningi (nominative plural)
browningu (genitive singular)
browningów (genitive plural)
browningowi (dative singular)
browningom (dative plural)
browning (accusative singular)
browningi (accusative plural)
browningiem (instrumental singular)
browningami (instrumental plural)
browningu (locative singular)
browningach (locative plural)
browningu (singular vocative)
browningi (plural vocative)
brauning (alternative uncommon)

Unadapted borrowing from English Browning, named after American firearm designer John Browning.

named-after

(firearms) any type of semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Browning Arms Company


alt

alt (nominative singular)
alty (nominative plural)
altu (genitive singular)
altów (genitive plural)
altowi (dative singular)
altom (dative plural)
alt (accusative singular)
alty (accusative plural)
altem (instrumental singular)
altami (instrumental plural)
alcie (locative singular)
altach (locative plural)
alcie (singular vocative)
alty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English alt, as found on keyboards. First attested in the late 20th century.

lewy alt

prawy alt

naciskać/nacisnąć/wciskać/wcisnąć alt


forma

pl-noun

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective foremny)

foremka (diminutive)
foremny (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

(obsolete, crystallography) form (combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol)


Einstein

Einstein (nominative singular)
Einsteina (genitive singular)
Einsteinowi (dative singular)
Einsteina (accusative singular)
Einsteinem (instrumental singular)
Einsteinie (locative singular)
Einsteinie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Einstein.


octan

octan (nominative singular)
octany (nominative plural)
octanu (genitive singular)
octanów (genitive plural)
octanowi (dative singular)
octanom (dative plural)
octan (accusative singular)
octany (accusative plural)
octanem (instrumental singular)
octanami (instrumental plural)
octanie (locative singular)
octanach (locative plural)
octanie (singular vocative)
octany (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) acetate (salt or ester of acetic acid)


lasso

lasso (nominative singular)
lassa (nominative plural)
lassa (genitive singular)
lass (genitive plural)
lassu (dative singular)
lassom (dative plural)
lasso (accusative singular)
lassa (accusative plural)
lassem (instrumental singular)
lassami (instrumental plural)
lassie (locative singular)
lassach (locative plural)
lasso (singular vocative)
lassa (plural vocative)

(computing) lasso (image-editing function allowing the user to capture an irregularly-shaped object by drawing an approximate outline)


energia

energia (nominative singular)
energie (nominative plural)
energii (genitive singular)
energii (genitive plural)
energij (archaic genitive plural)
energii (dative singular)
energiom (dative plural)
energię (accusative singular)
energie (accusative plural)
energią (instrumental singular)
energiami (instrumental plural)
energii (locative singular)
energiach (locative plural)
energio (singular vocative)
energie (plural vocative)
energija (alternative Middle Polish)
energja (alternative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Energie or French énergie, ultimately from Latin energīa. First attested in 1606. Compare Kashubian energiô and Silesian ynergijŏ.

ref

Rozmowa o rokoszu (in Polish), 1606, page 111: “Nuż co była sama energia, sama medulla rokoszu tego, na żołnierza utriusque partis i na sługi senatorskie i panięce: »Kto cnotliwy, do braciej!« nie zawołano.”

(physics) energy (quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent)


spoiler

spoiler (nominative singular)
spoilery (nominative plural)
spoilera (genitive singular)
spoilerów (genitive plural)
spoilerowi (dative singular)
spoilerom (dative plural)
spoiler (accusative singular)
spoilery (accusative plural)
spoilerem (instrumental singular)
spoilerami (instrumental plural)
spoilerze (locative singular)
spoilerach (locative plural)
spoilerze (singular vocative)
spoilery (plural vocative)
spojler (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English spoiler.

ubor

(aeronautics) spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase drag)


separator

separator (nominative singular)
separatory (nominative plural)
separatora (genitive singular)
separatorów (genitive plural)
separatorowi (dative singular)
separatorom (dative plural)
separator (accusative singular)
separatory (accusative plural)
separatorem (instrumental singular)
separatorami (instrumental plural)
separatorze (locative singular)
separatorach (locative plural)
separatorze (singular vocative)
separatory (plural vocative)

(computing) delimiter (unique character or series of characters that indicates the beginning or end of a specific statement, string or function body set)


walkman

walkman (nominative singular)
walkmany (nominative plural)
walkmana (genitive singular)
walkmanów (genitive plural)
walkmanowi (dative singular)
walkmanom (dative plural)
walkman (accusative singular)
walkmana (accusative singular)
walkmany (accusative plural)
walkmanem (instrumental singular)
walkmanami (instrumental plural)
walkmanie (locative singular)
walkmanach (locative plural)
walkmanie (singular vocative)
walkmany (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English walkman.


e-book

e-book (nominative singular)
e-booki (nominative plural)
e-booka (genitive singular)
e-booków (genitive plural)
e-bookowi (dative singular)
e-bookom (dative plural)
e-book (accusative singular)
e-booki (accusative plural)
e-bookiem (instrumental singular)
e-bookami (instrumental plural)
e-booku (locative singular)
e-bookach (locative plural)
e-booku (singular vocative)
e-booki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English e-book.


gluten

gluten (nominative singular)
glutenu (genitive singular)
glutenowi (dative singular)
gluten (accusative singular)
glutenem (instrumental singular)
glutenie (locative singular)
glutenie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glūten. Doublet of glut and glutyna.

(cooking, biochemistry) gluten (the major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread)


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)
achat (alternative Middle Polish)
achatek (alternative Middle Polish)
achates (alternative Middle Polish)
agatek (alternative Middle Polish)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


adres

adresik (diminutive)
adres (nominative singular)
adresy (nominative plural)
adresu (genitive singular)
adresów (genitive plural)
adresowi (dative singular)
adresom (dative plural)
adres (accusative singular)
adresy (accusative plural)
adresem (instrumental singular)
adresami (instrumental plural)
adresie (locative singular)
adresach (locative plural)
adresie (singular vocative)
adresy (plural vocative)
adress (alternative obsolete)

desctree

→ Russian: адрес (adres)
→ Armenian: հասցե (hascʻe) (semantic loan)
→ Bashkir: адрес (adres)
→ Bezhta: адрис (adris)
→ Eastern Mari: адрес (adres)
→ Kazakh: адрес (adres)
→ Ingrian: adressi
→ Yakut: аадырыс (aadırıs)
→ Kildin Sami: а̄дресс (ādrjess)
→ Tajik: адрес (adres)
→ Tatar: адрес (adres)
→ Uyghur: ئادرىس (adris)

→ Belarusian: адрэс (adres)

Borrowed from French adresse. First attested in 1648. Doublet of adresa, a dialectal borrowing from German.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (09.06.2009) “ADRES”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(computing) address (number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory)

(computing) address (number identifying an account or user, such as an email address)


tablet

tablet (nominative singular)
tablety (nominative plural)
tabletu (genitive singular)
tabletów (genitive plural)
tabletowi (dative singular)
tabletom (dative plural)
tablet (accusative singular)
tablety (accusative plural)
tabletem (instrumental singular)
tabletami (instrumental plural)
tablecie (locative singular)
tabletach (locative plural)
tablecie (singular vocative)
tablety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tablet, from Middle English tablet, from Old French tablete.

(computing) digitizer, graphics tablet (small, easily swallowed portion of a substance)


zombi

(computing, fiction, voodoo) alternative spelling of zombie


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(engineering) profile (hot rolled structural steel shape like an I-beam)


steroid

pl-noun

steroid m inan (related adjective steroidowy)

steroidowy (adjective)
steroid (nominative singular)
steroidy (nominative plural)
steroidu (genitive singular)
steroidów (genitive plural)
steroidowi (dative singular)
steroidom (dative plural)
steroid (accusative singular)
steroidy (accusative plural)
steroidem (instrumental singular)
steroidami (instrumental plural)
steroidzie (locative singular)
steroidach (locative plural)
steroidzie (singular vocative)
steroidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English steroid. Doublet of steryd.

(biochemistry) steroid (class of organic compounds)


cholesterol

cholesterol m inan (related adjective cholesterolowy)

cholesterolowy (adjective)
cholesterol (nominative singular)
cholesterolu (genitive singular)
cholesterolowi (dative singular)
cholesterol (accusative singular)
cholesterolem (instrumental singular)
cholesterolu (locative singular)
cholesterolu (singular vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English cholesterol.

obor

(organic chemistry) cholesterol (essential component of mammalian cell membranes)


ferment

ferment (nominative singular)
fermenty (nominative plural)
fermentu (genitive singular)
fermentów (genitive plural)
fermentowi (dative singular)
fermentom (dative plural)
ferment (accusative singular)
fermenty (accusative plural)
fermentem (instrumental singular)
fermentami (instrumental plural)
fermencie (locative singular)
fermentach (locative plural)
fermencie (singular vocative)
fermenty (plural vocative)


bod

bod (nominative singular)
body (nominative plural)
bodu (genitive singular)
bodów (genitive plural)
bodowi (dative singular)
bodom (dative plural)
bod (accusative singular)
body (accusative plural)
bodem (instrumental singular)
bodami (instrumental plural)
bodzie (locative singular)
bodach (locative plural)
bodzie (singular vocative)
body (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.


produkt

pl-noun

produkt m inan (related adjective produktowy)

produktowy (adjective)
produkt (nominative singular)
produkty (nominative plural)
produktu (genitive singular)
produktów (genitive plural)
produktowi (dative singular)
produktom (dative plural)
produkt (accusative singular)
produkty (accusative plural)
produktem (instrumental singular)
produktami (instrumental plural)
produkcie (locative singular)
produktach (locative plural)
produkcie (singular vocative)
produkty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: produkt

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Produkt or English produkt, ultimately from Latin prōductus. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “produkt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(chemistry) product (chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction)


multimedia

pl-noun

multimedia nvir pl (related adjective multimedialny)

multimedialny (adjective)
multimedia (nominative plural)
multimediów (genitive plural)
multimediom (dative plural)
multimedia (accusative plural)
multimediami (instrumental plural)
multimediach (locative plural)
multimedia (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English multimedia, French multimédia, German Multimedia. By surface analysis, multi- + media.

(computing) multimedia (IT products in the form of programs, games, etc., using images, sound, animation, or other means that affect the active use of the user)


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopu (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskop (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τηλεσκόπος (tēleskópos, “far-seeing”); from τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

lbor

(astronomy) telescope (any instrument used to observe distant objects)

(astronomy, optics) telescope (optical instrument that magnifies)

(colloquial, technology) telescopic hydraulic cylinder


acyl

acyl (nominative singular)
acylu (genitive singular)
acylowi (dative singular)
acyl (accusative singular)
acylem (instrumental singular)
acylu (locative singular)
acylu (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acyl. First attested in 1900.

ref

Rozprawy Akademii Umiejętności: Wydział Matematyczno-Przyrodniczy (in Polish), 1900, page 134

chlorek acylu

(organic chemistry) acyl (any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid)


znak

pl-noun

znak m inan (diminutive znaczek, related adjective znakowy)

znaczek (diminutive)
znakowy (adjective)
znak (nominative singular)
znaki (nominative plural)
znaku (genitive singular)
znaków (genitive plural)
znakowi (dative singular)
znakom (dative plural)
znak (accusative singular)
znaki (accusative plural)
znakiem (instrumental singular)
znakami (instrumental plural)
znaku (locative singular)
znakach (locative plural)
znaku (singular vocative)
znaki (plural vocative)


soda

soda (nominative singular)
sody (nominative plural)
sody (genitive singular)
sód (genitive plural)
sodzie (dative singular)
sodom (dative plural)
sodę (accusative singular)
sody (accusative plural)
sodą (instrumental singular)
sodami (instrumental plural)
sodzie (locative singular)
sodach (locative plural)
sodo (singular vocative)
sody (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare German Soda, Italian soda, Spanish soda, ultimately from Medieval Latin soda, from Arabic سُوَيْدَاء (suwaydāʔ). Doublet of sód.

(chemistry) soda, sodium carbonate, washing soda

(baking, chemistry) baking soda, soda, sodium bicarbonate


Macintosh

Macintosh (nominative singular)
Macintosha (genitive singular)
Macintoshowi (dative singular)
Macintosha (accusative singular)
Macintoshem (instrumental singular)
Macintoshu (locative singular)
Macintoshu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Macintosh.

ubor

(computing) Macintosh (brand of personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc.)


einstein

einstein (nominative singular)
einsteiny (nominative plural)
einsteinu (genitive singular)
einsteinów (genitive plural)
einsteinowi (dative singular)
einsteinom (dative plural)
einstein (accusative singular)
einsteiny (accusative plural)
einsteinem (instrumental singular)
einsteinami (instrumental plural)
einsteinie (locative singular)
einsteinach (locative plural)
einsteinie (singular vocative)
einsteiny (plural vocative)

Named after German physicist Albert Einstein.

named-after

(physics) alternative spelling of ajnsztajn


mach

mach (nominative singular)
machy (nominative plural)
macha (genitive singular)
machów (genitive plural)
machowi (dative singular)
machom (dative plural)
mach (accusative singular)
machy (accusative plural)
machem (instrumental singular)
machami (instrumental plural)
machu (locative singular)
machach (locative plural)
machu (singular vocative)
machy (plural vocative)

Named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.

(physics) Mach number (ratio of the speed of a body to that of sound in the surrounding medium)


mediator

mediator (nominative singular)
mediatory (nominative plural)
mediatora (genitive singular)
mediatorów (genitive plural)
mediatorowi (dative singular)
mediatorom (dative plural)
mediator (accusative singular)
mediatory (accusative plural)
mediatorem (instrumental singular)
mediatorami (instrumental plural)
mediatorze (locative singular)
mediatorach (locative plural)
mediatorze (singular vocative)
mediatory (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) mediator (chemical substance transmitting information to a targeted cell)


dane

dane (nominative plural)
danych (genitive plural)
danym (dative plural)
dane (accusative plural)
danymi (instrumental plural)
danych (locative plural)
dane (plural vocative)

From dany + -e. Cognate with and calque of English data.

(nominalized, computing) data (representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process)


login

login (nominative singular)
loginy (nominative plural)
loginu (genitive singular)
loginów (genitive plural)
loginowi (dative singular)
loginom (dative plural)
login (accusative singular)
loginy (accusative plural)
loginem (instrumental singular)
loginami (instrumental plural)
loginie (locative singular)
loginach (locative plural)
loginie (singular vocative)
loginy (plural vocative)

(computing) login (user's identification)


C++

(programming) C++ (programming language)


singleton

singleton (nominative singular)
singletony (nominative plural)
singletonu (genitive singular)
singletonów (genitive plural)
singletonowi (dative singular)
singletonom (dative plural)
singleton (accusative singular)
singletony (accusative plural)
singletonem (instrumental singular)
singletonami (instrumental plural)
singletonie (locative singular)
singletonach (locative plural)
singletonie (singular vocative)
singletony (plural vocative)

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

software engineering
software engineering

(object-oriented programming, software engineering) singleton, singleton pattern (creational design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object)


kaon

kaon (nominative singular)
kaony (nominative plural)
kaonu (genitive singular)
kaonów (genitive plural)
kaonowi (dative singular)
kaonom (dative plural)
kaon (accusative singular)
kaony (accusative plural)
kaonem (instrumental singular)
kaonami (instrumental plural)
kaonie (locative singular)
kaonach (locative plural)
kaonie (singular vocative)
kaony (plural vocative)


deuteron

deuteron (nominative singular)
deuterony (nominative plural)
deuteronu (genitive singular)
deuteronów (genitive plural)
deuteronowi (dative singular)
deuteronom (dative plural)
deuteron (accusative singular)
deuterony (accusative plural)
deuteronem (instrumental singular)
deuteronami (instrumental plural)
deuteronie (locative singular)
deuteronach (locative plural)
deuteronie (singular vocative)
deuterony (plural vocative)


cd

cd m inan or (canonical feminine neuter)

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD, compact disc”)


cd

(computing, music) alternative spelling of CD (“CD player”)


iBook

iBook m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
iBook (nominative singular)
iBooki (nominative plural)
iBooka (genitive singular)
iBooków (genitive plural)
iBookowi (dative singular)
iBookom (dative plural)
iBook (accusative singular)
iBooka (accusative singular)
iBooki (accusative plural)
iBookiem (instrumental singular)
iBookami (instrumental plural)
iBooku (locative singular)
iBookach (locative plural)
iBooku (singular vocative)
iBooki (plural vocative)

(computing) iBook (computer of a line of lower-end laptop computers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer)