etymologia

pl-noun

etymologia f (related adjective etymologiczny, abbreviation etym.)

etymologiczny (adjective)
etym. (abbreviation)
etymologia (nominative singular)
etymologie (nominative plural)
etymologii (genitive singular)
etymologii (genitive plural)
etymologij (archaic genitive plural)
etymologii (dative singular)
etymologiom (dative plural)
etymologię (accusative singular)
etymologie (accusative plural)
etymologią (instrumental singular)
etymologiami (instrumental plural)
etymologii (locative singular)
etymologiach (locative plural)
etymologio (singular vocative)
etymologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin etymologia.

(linguistics) etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)


sfera

sferowy (adjective)
sfera (nominative singular)
sfery (nominative plural)
sfery (genitive singular)
sfer (genitive plural)
sferze (dative singular)
sferom (dative plural)
sferę (accusative singular)
sfery (accusative plural)
sferą (instrumental singular)
sferami (instrumental plural)
sferze (locative singular)
sferach (locative plural)
sfero (singular vocative)
sfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sphere, French sphère, German Sphäre, ultimately from Latin sphaera.

Coordinate term: kula

(geometry) sphere (three-dimensional shape consisting of all points equidistant from a center)

(literary) sphere (region in which something or someone is active; one's province, domain)

(sociology) sphere (group of people distinguished on the basis of origin, education, social or material status, interests, etc.)

(cosmology, literary) sphere (apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere)

(geography) sphere (area characterized by certain climatic or natural features)


matura

maturka (diminutive)
matura (nominative singular)
matury (nominative plural)
matury (genitive singular)
matur (genitive plural)
maturze (dative singular)
maturom (dative plural)
maturę (accusative singular)
matury (accusative plural)
maturą (instrumental singular)
maturami (instrumental plural)
maturze (locative singular)
maturach (locative plural)
maturo (singular vocative)
matury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin (exāmina) mātūra. Compare Austrian German Matura.

lbor

(education) matura (high school exit exam, equivalent to British A-levels and the German Abitur)

(education) certificate of passing matura


diastema

diastema (nominative singular)
diastemy (nominative plural)
diastemy (genitive singular)
diastem (genitive plural)
diastemie (dative singular)
diastemom (dative plural)
diastemę (accusative singular)
diastemy (accusative plural)
diastemą (instrumental singular)
diastemami (instrumental plural)
diastemie (locative singular)
diastemach (locative plural)
diastemo (singular vocative)
diastemy (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek διάστημα (diástēma).

der+

(dentistry, pathology) diastema (gap or space between two adjacent teeth, especially the upper front incisors (in humans))


tyska

inflection of tyski:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of tyski:
feminine vocative singular


pita

pita (nominative singular)
pity (nominative plural)
pity (genitive singular)
pit (genitive plural)
picie (dative singular)
pitom (dative plural)
pitę (accusative singular)
pity (accusative plural)
pitą (instrumental singular)
pitami (instrumental plural)
picie (locative singular)
pitach (locative plural)
pito (singular vocative)
pity (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from Greek πίτα (píta). Doublet of pizza.

pita (piece of pita bread; a flat bread pouch used for making sandwiches such as gyros or falafels)


fiesta

fiesta (nominative singular)
fiesty (nominative plural)
fiesty (genitive singular)
fiest (genitive plural)
fieście (dative singular)
fiestom (dative plural)
fiestę (accusative singular)
fiesty (accusative plural)
fiestą (instrumental singular)
fiestami (instrumental plural)
fieście (locative singular)
fiestach (locative plural)
fiesto (singular vocative)
fiesty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish fiesta, from Late Latin festa, from the plural of festum (“feast”).


Kanada

Kanada (nominative singular)
Kanady (genitive singular)
Kanadzie (dative singular)
Kanadę (accusative singular)
Kanadą (instrumental singular)
Kanadzie (locative singular)
Kanado (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


fury

inflection of fura:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


flora

flora (nominative singular)
flory (genitive singular)
florze (dative singular)
florę (accusative singular)
florą (instrumental singular)
florze (locative singular)
floro (singular vocative)


energia

energia (nominative singular)
energie (nominative plural)
energii (genitive singular)
energii (genitive plural)
energij (archaic genitive plural)
energii (dative singular)
energiom (dative plural)
energię (accusative singular)
energie (accusative plural)
energią (instrumental singular)
energiami (instrumental plural)
energii (locative singular)
energiach (locative plural)
energio (singular vocative)
energie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Energie or French énergie, ultimately from Latin energīa. First attested in 1606. Compare Kashubian energiô and Silesian ynergijŏ.

ref

Rozmowa o rokoszu (in Polish), 1606, page 111: “Nuż co była sama energia, sama medulla rokoszu tego, na żołnierza utriusque partis i na sługi senatorskie i panięce: »Kto cnotliwy, do braciej!« nie zawołano.”

(physics) energy (quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent)

(colloquial) energy (electrical current)

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) energy (form as opposed to matter as potency)


kilka

kilka (nominative singular)
kilki (nominative plural)
kilki (genitive singular)
kilek (genitive plural)
kilce (dative singular)
kilkom (dative plural)
kilkę (accusative singular)
kilki (accusative plural)
kilką (instrumental singular)
kilkami (instrumental plural)
kilce (locative singular)
kilkach (locative plural)
kilko (singular vocative)
kilki (plural vocative)

any clupeid fish of the genus Clupeonella


forma

pl-noun

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective formowy)

foremka (diminutive)
formowy (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

form (one of the ways in which something appears; appearance; manifestation)

(literary) form (way in which a work is constructed)

(literary) form (specific type of works of art perceived due to their external structure or structure and a set of typical artistic means)

cast, mold, cake tin (kitchenware used for shaping batter or something similar)

(textiles) pattern (paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling)

(grammar) form (particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech)

(sciences) form (living organisms or products of nature characterized by a set of common features)

state, shape (physical or mental conidition)

w formie

shape (condition of personal health, especially muscular health)

form (arrangement of coordinated elements)

mold (hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance)

(philosophy) form (inherent nature of an object; that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing; that in which the essence of a thing consists)

(printing) template (set of printing elements prepared for printing)

(obsolete) pretend, act (something done for show)

(obsolete) box placed in the focus on a bellows nozzle; opening in a furnace

(obsolete, crystallography) form (combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol)

(obsolete, Roman Catholicism) choirstall

(chiefly in the plural) form (manner of conduct and behavior resulting from social conventions)


mina

mina (nominative singular)
miny (nominative plural)
miny (genitive singular)
min (genitive plural)
minie (dative singular)
minom (dative plural)
minę (accusative singular)
miny (accusative plural)
miną (instrumental singular)
minami (instrumental plural)
minie (locative singular)
minach (locative plural)
mino (singular vocative)
miny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French mine, from Late Latin mina, from Gaulish *mēnā (“ore, mine”).


mina

minka (diminutive)
mina (nominative singular)
miny (nominative plural)
miny (genitive singular)
min (genitive plural)
minie (dative singular)
minom (dative plural)
minę (accusative singular)
miny (accusative plural)
miną (instrumental singular)
minami (instrumental plural)
minie (locative singular)
minach (locative plural)
mino (singular vocative)
miny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French mine, from Breton min (“beak, muzzle”).


flauta

flauta (nominative singular)
flauty (nominative plural)
flauty (genitive singular)
flaut (genitive plural)
flaucie (dative singular)
flautom (dative plural)
flautę (accusative singular)
flauty (accusative plural)
flautą (instrumental singular)
flautami (instrumental plural)
flaucie (locative singular)
flautach (locative plural)
flauto (singular vocative)
flauty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Flaute, from German flau.


granda

granda (nominative singular)
grandy (nominative plural)
grandy (genitive singular)
grand (genitive plural)
grandzie (dative singular)
grandom (dative plural)
grandę (accusative singular)
grandy (accusative plural)
grandą (instrumental singular)
grandami (instrumental plural)
grandzie (locative singular)
grandach (locative plural)
grando (singular vocative)
grandy (plural vocative)


korekta

korekta (nominative singular)
korekty (nominative plural)
korekty (genitive singular)
korekt (genitive plural)
korekcie (dative singular)
korektom (dative plural)
korektę (accusative singular)
korekty (accusative plural)
korektą (instrumental singular)
korektami (instrumental plural)
korekcie (locative singular)
korektach (locative plural)
korekto (singular vocative)
korekty (plural vocative)

correction (substitution for an error or mistake)

proofreading (act or process by which a document is proofread)


komuna

komuna (nominative singular)
komuny (nominative plural)
komuny (genitive singular)
komun (genitive plural)
komunie (dative singular)
komunom (dative plural)
komunę (accusative singular)
komuny (accusative plural)
komuną (instrumental singular)
komunami (instrumental plural)
komunie (locative singular)
komunach (locative plural)
komuno (singular vocative)
komuny (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory, politics) communism, especially communist rule in Poland before 1989

(historical) commune (communist form of government)


absoluta

Middle Polish form of absolut (“absolute monarch”)


scheda

scheda (nominative singular)
schedy (nominative plural)
schedy (genitive singular)
sched (genitive plural)
schedzie (dative singular)
schedom (dative plural)
schedę (accusative singular)
schedy (accusative plural)
schedą (instrumental singular)
schedami (instrumental plural)
schedzie (locative singular)
schedach (locative plural)
schedo (singular vocative)
schedy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin scheda (testāmentāria), from Ancient Greek σχέδη (skhédē).

lbor

legacy, heritage, bequest (property left to be inherited)


zeugma

zeugma (nominative singular)
zeugmy (nominative plural)
zeugmy (genitive singular)
zeugm (genitive plural)
zeugmie (dative singular)
zeugmom (dative plural)
zeugmę (accusative singular)
zeugmy (accusative plural)
zeugmą (instrumental singular)
zeugmami (instrumental plural)
zeugmie (locative singular)
zeugmach (locative plural)
zeugmo (singular vocative)
zeugmy (plural vocative)

(rhetoric) zeugma (act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one)


Vogel

Unadapted borrowing from German Vogel. Doublet of Fogel and Fogiel.


anarchia

anarchia (nominative singular)
anarchii (genitive singular)
anarchii (dative singular)
anarchię (accusative singular)
anarchią (instrumental singular)
anarchii (locative singular)
anarchio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Anarchie or French anarchie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía), from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-), + Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ). First attested in 1570.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “anarchija”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

anarchia feudalna

anarchia szlachecka

kres anarchii

historia anarchii

(uncountable) anarchy (state of a society being without authorities or an authoritative governing body)

zupełna/totalna anarchia

całkowita/kompletna anarchia

czysta anarchia

anarchia moralna

stan anarchii

anarchia panuje/zapanowała

(uncountable) anarchy (confusion in general, disorder)


sola

sola (nominative singular)
sole (nominative plural)
soli (genitive singular)
soli (genitive plural)
soli (dative singular)
solom (dative plural)
solę (accusative singular)
sole (accusative plural)
solą (instrumental singular)
solami (instrumental plural)
soli (locative singular)
solach (locative plural)
solo (singular vocative)
sole (plural vocative)


anemia

anemia (nominative singular)
anemii (genitive singular)
anemii (dative singular)
anemię (accusative singular)
anemią (instrumental singular)
anemii (locative singular)
anemio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía). By surface analysis, an- + -emia. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “anemja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

ciężka/silna anemia

zapobiegać anemii

leczyć anemię

zwalczać anemii


tiara

tiara (nominative singular)
tiary (nominative plural)
tiary (genitive singular)
tiar (genitive plural)
tiarze (dative singular)
tiarom (dative plural)
tiarę (accusative singular)
tiary (accusative plural)
tiarą (instrumental singular)
tiarami (instrumental plural)
tiarze (locative singular)
tiarach (locative plural)
tiaro (singular vocative)
tiary (plural vocative)

(countable, Roman Catholicism) tiara (three-tiered papal crown)

(uncountable, metonymically, Roman Catholicism) papacy (office of the pope)


cholera

cholera (nominative singular)
cholery (genitive singular)
cholerze (dative singular)
cholerę (accusative singular)
cholerą (instrumental singular)
cholerze (locative singular)
cholero (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρᾰ (kholéra).

Jesteś cholerą!

(colloquial, mildly vulgar) pest, nuisance (irritating person)


angina

angina (nominative singular)
anginy (nominative plural)
anginy (genitive singular)
angin (genitive plural)
anginie (dative singular)
anginom (dative plural)
anginę (accusative singular)
anginy (accusative plural)
anginą (instrumental singular)
anginami (instrumental plural)
anginie (locative singular)
anginach (locative plural)
angino (singular vocative)
anginy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin angina. First attested in 1680–1689.

Krystyna Siekierska (20.11.2007) “ANGINA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(clinical psychology) echolalia (immediate, involuntary, and repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another)

(rhetoric, poetry) echolalia (stylistic device consisting of the repetition of identical or similar vocal groups solely in order to emphasise the rhythmic or melodic character of the text)


urna

urna (nominative singular)
urny (nominative plural)
urny (genitive singular)
urn (genitive plural)
urnie (dative singular)
urnom (dative plural)
urnę (accusative singular)
urny (accusative plural)
urną (instrumental singular)
urnami (instrumental plural)
urnie (locative singular)
urnach (locative plural)
urno (singular vocative)
urny (plural vocative)

urn (vessel for ashes or cremains of a deceased person)


Anatolia

Anatolia (nominative singular)
Anatolii (genitive singular)
Anatolii (dative singular)
Anatolię (accusative singular)
Anatolią (instrumental singular)
Anatolii (locative singular)
Anatolio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”), because Anatolia was east of Greece.


brzoza

pl-noun

brzoza f (diminutive brzózka, related adjective brzozowy)

brzózka (diminutive)
brzozowy (adjective)
brzoza (nominative singular)
brzozy (nominative plural)
brzozy (genitive singular)
brzóz (genitive plural)
brzozie (dative singular)
brzozom (dative plural)
brzozę (accusative singular)
brzozy (accusative plural)
brzozą (instrumental singular)
brzozami (instrumental plural)
brzozie (locative singular)
brzozach (locative plural)
brzozo (singular vocative)
brzozy (plural vocative)

birch, birch tree (any tree of the genus Betula)


geografia

geografia (nominative singular)
geografii (genitive singular)
geografii (dative singular)
geografię (accusative singular)
geografią (instrumental singular)
geografii (locative singular)
geografio (singular vocative)

From Latin geōgraphia, from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía).


spiny

inflection of spina:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


strata

strata (nominative singular)
straty (nominative plural)
straty (genitive singular)
strat (genitive plural)
stracie (dative singular)
stratom (dative plural)
stratę (accusative singular)
straty (accusative plural)
stratą (instrumental singular)
stratami (instrumental plural)
stracie (locative singular)
stratach (locative plural)
strato (singular vocative)
straty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish strata. By surface analysis, deverbal from stracić. Compare Kashubian strata.

surf

loss (result of no longer possessing an object, a function, or a characteristic due to external causes or misplacement)

loss (total damage suffered by a military unit during military operations)

loss (result of unwanted reduction in amount of a material, heat, etc.)

loss (unwanted reduction of a specific type of value, e.g. points, by which the result of a sports game is measured)

loss (result of inadequately using something, especially pointlessly, e.g. of time)

(finance) loss (sum an entity loses on balance)

(obsolete) loss (destruction, collapse, ruin)


rosy

inflection of rosa:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


Sahara

Sahara (nominative singular)
Sahary (genitive singular)
Saharze (dative singular)
Saharę (accusative singular)
Saharą (instrumental singular)
Saharze (locative singular)
Saharo (singular vocative)


teoria

teoryjka (diminutive)
teoria (nominative singular)
teorie (nominative plural)
teorii (genitive singular)
teorii (genitive plural)
teoryj (archaic genitive plural)
teorii (dative singular)
teoriom (dative plural)
teorię (accusative singular)
teorie (accusative plural)
teorią (instrumental singular)
teoriami (instrumental plural)
teorii (locative singular)
teoriach (locative plural)
teorio (singular vocative)
teorie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: teorëjô

Borrowed from French théorie. First attested in 1765.

ref

Magdalena Majdak (26.10.2021) “TEORIA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(countable, sciences) theory (a coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc)

(countable) theory (someone's personal view on something)

(uncountable) theory (branch of a specific scientific discipline that deals with the basic concepts and principles of that discipline)

(countable) theory (a hypothesis or conjecture)

(uncountable) theory (the underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice)

(obsolete, Ancient Greece) sending of state-ambassadors


retsina

retsina (nominative singular)
retsiny (nominative plural)
retsiny (genitive singular)
retsin (genitive plural)
retsinie (dative singular)
retsinom (dative plural)
retsinę (accusative singular)
retsiny (accusative plural)
retsiną (instrumental singular)
retsinami (instrumental plural)
retsinie (locative singular)
retsinach (locative plural)
retsino (singular vocative)
retsiny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Greek ρετσίνα (retsína), from ρετσίνι (retsíni), from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē).


Amanda

Amanda (nominative singular)
Amandy (nominative plural)
Amandy (genitive singular)
Amand (genitive plural)
Amandzie (dative singular)
Amandom (dative plural)
Amandę (accusative singular)
Amandy (accusative plural)
Amandą (instrumental singular)
Amandami (instrumental plural)
Amandzie (locative singular)
Amandach (locative plural)
Amando (singular vocative)
Amandy (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Amanda


atmosfera

pl-noun

atmosfera f (diminutive atmosferka, related adjective atmosferyczny or (rare) atmosferowy, abbreviation atm)

atmosferka (diminutive)
atmosferyczny (adjective)
atmosferowy (adjective rare)
atm (abbreviation)
atmosfera (nominative singular)
atmosfery (nominative plural)
atmosfery (genitive singular)
atmosfer (genitive plural)
atmosferze (dative singular)
atmosferom (dative plural)
atmosferę (accusative singular)
atmosfery (accusative plural)
atmosferą (instrumental singular)
atmosferami (instrumental plural)
atmosferze (locative singular)
atmosferach (locative plural)
atmosfero (singular vocative)
atmosfery (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: atmòsfera

Borrowed from French atmosphère. By surface analysis, atmo- + sfera. First attested in 1741. Compare Silesian atmosfera.

ref

Kazimierz Żelazko (29.12.2014) “ATMOSFERA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

atmosphere (the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body)

(figuratively) atmosphere (the apparent mood felt in an environment)

atmosfera techiczna

atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure

atmosphere (a unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level)


fortuna

fortunka (diminutive)
fortuna (nominative singular)
fortuny (nominative plural)
fortuny (genitive singular)
fortun (genitive plural)
fortunie (dative singular)
fortunom (dative plural)
fortunę (accusative singular)
fortuny (accusative plural)
fortuną (instrumental singular)
fortunami (instrumental plural)
fortunie (locative singular)
fortunach (locative plural)
fortuno (singular vocative)
fortuny (plural vocative)


ropa

ropa (nominative singular)
ropy (genitive singular)
ropie (dative singular)
ropę (accusative singular)
ropą (instrumental singular)
ropie (locative singular)
ropo (singular vocative)


Mach

Clipping of personal names beginning with Ma- (e.g. Marcin, Maciej, Małomir) + -ch. Alternatively, from machać.


alfa

alfa (nominative singular)
alfy (nominative plural)
alfy (genitive singular)
alf (genitive plural)
alfie (dative singular)
alfom (dative plural)
alfę (accusative singular)
alfy (accusative plural)
alfą (instrumental singular)
alfami (instrumental plural)
alfie (locative singular)
alfach (locative plural)
alfo (singular vocative)
alfy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ /ʾālep/). First attested in 1533.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “alfa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

umieć alfę z betą (Middle Polish)


Germania

Germania (nominative singular)
Germanii (genitive singular)
Germanii (dative singular)
Germanię (accusative singular)
Germanią (instrumental singular)
Germanii (locative singular)
Germanio (singular vocative)

(historical) Germania (an ancient region in Central Europe, roughly corresponding to modern Germany)


środa

środowy (adjective)
środa (nominative singular)
środy (nominative plural)
środy (genitive singular)
śród (genitive plural)
środzie (dative singular)
środom (dative plural)
środę (accusative singular)
środy (accusative plural)
środą (instrumental singular)
środami (instrumental plural)
środzie (locative singular)
środach (locative plural)
środo (singular vocative)
środy (plural vocative)


baka

baka (nominative singular)
baki (nominative plural)
baki (genitive singular)
bak (genitive plural)
bace (dative singular)
bakom (dative plural)
bakę (accusative singular)
baki (accusative plural)
baką (instrumental singular)
bakami (instrumental plural)
bace (locative singular)
bakach (locative plural)
bako (singular vocative)
baki (plural vocative)


meta

meta (nominative singular)
mety (nominative plural)
mety (genitive singular)
met (genitive plural)
mecie (dative singular)
metom (dative plural)
metę (accusative singular)
mety (accusative plural)
metą (instrumental singular)
metami (instrumental plural)
mecie (locative singular)
metach (locative plural)
meto (singular vocative)
mety (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: мета́ (metá)

Był tak wyczerpany, że ledwo dobiegł do mety.

He was so tired that he hardly reached the finish line.

(colloquial) familiar store or restaurant

(colloquial) a place where one can stay for a short while

(colloquial) a place where alcohol is illegally sold or drunk

(bodybuilding slang) methandrostenolone, an anabolic steroid


Etruria

Etruria (nominative singular)
Etrurii (genitive singular)
Etrurii (dative singular)
Etrurię (accusative singular)
Etrurią (instrumental singular)
Etrurii (locative singular)
Etrurio (singular vocative)


jota

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta), from Phoenician 𐤉 (y /yōd/).


jota

jota (nominative singular)
joty (nominative plural)
joty (genitive singular)
jot (genitive plural)
jocie (dative singular)
jotom (dative plural)
jotę (accusative singular)
joty (accusative plural)
jotą (instrumental singular)
jotami (instrumental plural)
jocie (locative singular)
jotach (locative plural)
joto (singular vocative)
joty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish jota, from older xota, from Mozarabic *šáwta, from Latin saltō.


bulimia

pl-noun

bulimia f (related adjective bulimiczny)

bulimiczny (adjective)
bulimia (nominative singular)
bulimii (genitive singular)
bulimii (dative singular)
bulimię (accusative singular)
bulimią (instrumental singular)
bulimii (locative singular)
bulimio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bulimia, French boulimie, German Bulimie, ultimately from Ancient Greek βουλιμία (boulimía).

(pathology) bulimia (chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting)


Diana

Diana (nominative singular)
Diany (nominative plural)
Diany (genitive singular)
Dian (genitive plural)
Dianie (dative singular)
Dianom (dative plural)
Dianę (accusative singular)
Diany (accusative plural)
Dianą (instrumental singular)
Dianami (instrumental plural)
Dianie (locative singular)
Dianach (locative plural)
Diano (singular vocative)
Diany (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Diāna, from Latin Dīāna, from Old Latin Dīvāna.

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Diana


Diana

Diana (nominative singular)
Diany (genitive singular)
Dianie (dative singular)
Dianę (accusative singular)
Dianą (instrumental singular)
Dianie (locative singular)
Diano (singular vocative)


Polonia

polonijny (adjective)
Polonia (nominative singular)
Polonii (genitive singular)
Polonii (dative singular)
Polonię (accusative singular)
Polonią (instrumental singular)
Polonii (locative singular)
Polonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Polonia.

lbor

Polish diaspora (name for Polish people or people of Polish descent living outside the borders of Poland)


oznaka

oznaka (nominative singular)
oznaki (nominative plural)
oznaki (genitive singular)
oznak (genitive plural)
oznace (dative singular)
oznakom (dative plural)
oznakę (accusative singular)
oznaki (accusative plural)
oznaką (instrumental singular)
oznakami (instrumental plural)
oznace (locative singular)
oznakach (locative plural)
oznako (singular vocative)
oznaki (plural vocative)


dolina

dolinka (diminutive)
dolina (nominative singular)
doliny (nominative plural)
doliny (genitive singular)
dolin (genitive plural)
dolinie (dative singular)
dolinom (dative plural)
dolinę (accusative singular)
doliny (accusative plural)
doliną (instrumental singular)
dolinami (instrumental plural)
dolinie (locative singular)
dolinach (locative plural)
dolino (singular vocative)
doliny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dolina. By surface analysis, dół + -ina.


morena

morena (nominative singular)
moreny (nominative plural)
moreny (genitive singular)
moren (genitive plural)
morenie (dative singular)
morenom (dative plural)
morenę (accusative singular)
moreny (accusative plural)
moreną (instrumental singular)
morenami (instrumental plural)
morenie (locative singular)
morenach (locative plural)
moreno (singular vocative)
moreny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French moraine, from Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre, from Vulgar Latin *murrum.

(geology) moraine (accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier)


bula

bula (nominative singular)
bule (nominative plural)
buli (genitive singular)
bul (genitive plural)
buli (dative singular)
bulom (dative plural)
bulę (accusative singular)
bule (accusative plural)
bulą (instrumental singular)
bulami (instrumental plural)
buli (locative singular)
bulach (locative plural)
bulo (singular vocative)
bule (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French boule. First attested in 1613.

boule (one of the bowls used in the French game of boules)


lisica

lisica (nominative singular)
lisice (nominative plural)
lisicy (genitive singular)
lisic (genitive plural)
lisicy (dative singular)
lisicom (dative plural)
lisicę (accusative singular)
lisice (accusative plural)
lisicą (instrumental singular)
lisicami (instrumental plural)
lisicy (locative singular)
lisicach (locative plural)
lisico (singular vocative)
lisice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisica. By surface analysis, lis + -ica.

Cantharellus cibarius
Cantharellus cibarius#Translingual

(colloquial) chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius)

Agonus cataphractus
Wikispecies:Agonus cataphractus

lisica grenlandzka


gitara

pl-noun

gitara f (diminutive gitarka, related adjective gitarowy)

gitarka (diminutive)
gitarowy (adjective)
gitara (nominative singular)
gitary (nominative plural)
gitary (genitive singular)
gitar (genitive plural)
gitarze (dative singular)
gitarom (dative plural)
gitarę (accusative singular)
gitary (accusative plural)
gitarą (instrumental singular)
gitarami (instrumental plural)
gitarze (locative singular)
gitarach (locative plural)
gitaro (singular vocative)
gitary (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: гита́ра (gitára)
→ Ingrian: gitari
→ Kazakh: гитара (gitara)
→ Mongolian: гитар (gitar)
→ Uyghur: گىتار (gitar)
→ Votic: gitari

Borrowed from Spanish guitarra. Doublet of cytra and kitara.

Marcin gra na gitarze.

guitar (stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick))


hurma

hurma (nominative singular)
hurmy (nominative plural)
hurmy (genitive singular)
hurm (genitive plural)
hurmie (dative singular)
hurmom (dative plural)
hurmę (accusative singular)
hurmy (accusative plural)
hurmą (instrumental singular)
hurmami (instrumental plural)
hurmie (locative singular)
hurmach (locative plural)
hurmo (singular vocative)
hurmy (plural vocative)

→ Russian: гурьба́ (gurʹbá)


hurma

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Persian خرما (xormâ).


capoeira

capoeira (nominative singular)
capoeiry (genitive singular)
capoeirze (dative singular)
capoeirę (accusative singular)
capoeirą (instrumental singular)
capoeirze (locative singular)
capoeiro (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Brazilian Portuguese capoeira.

ubor

capoeira (martial art developed in Brazil)


ruta

pl-noun

ruta f (diminutive rutka, related adjective ruciany)

rutka (diminutive)
ruciany (adjective)
ruta (nominative singular)
ruty (nominative plural)
ruty (genitive singular)
rut (genitive plural)
rucie (dative singular)
rutom (dative plural)
rutę (accusative singular)
ruty (accusative plural)
rutą (instrumental singular)
rutami (instrumental plural)
rucie (locative singular)
rutach (locative plural)
ruto (singular vocative)
ruty (plural vocative)


ruta

Borrowed from French route. Doublet of raut.


ruta

flexible rod used for corporal punishment


Abraham

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Ābrahām. Doublet of Abram.

lbor

(countable) a female surname from Late Latin


lipa

pl-noun

lipa f (diminutive lipka, related adjective lipowy)

lipka (diminutive)
lipowy (adjective)
lipa (nominative singular)
lipy (nominative plural)
lipy (genitive singular)
lip (genitive plural)
lipie (dative singular)
lipom (dative plural)
lipę (accusative singular)
lipy (accusative plural)
lipą (instrumental singular)
lipami (instrumental plural)
lipie (locative singular)
lipach (locative plural)
lipo (singular vocative)
lipy (plural vocative)

linden, lime-tree, basswood (any tree of the genus Tilia)

linden, lime-tree, basswood (wood of the linden)

(colloquial) fib, hoax (lie, especially one that is more or less inconsequential)

(colloquial) something of poor quality, very often jerry-built


Akra

Akra (nominative singular)
Akry (genitive singular)
Akrze (dative singular)
Akrę (accusative singular)
Akrą (instrumental singular)
Akrze (locative singular)
Akro (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Accra.


Hebe

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἥβη (Hḗbē), from ἥβη (hḗbē).


Serbia

Serbia (nominative singular)
Serbii (genitive singular)
Serbii (dative singular)
Serbię (accusative singular)
Serbią (instrumental singular)
Serbii (locative singular)
Serbio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Србија (Srbija).

bor+

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Basia

Basia (nominative singular)
Basie (nominative plural)
Basi (genitive singular)
Baś (genitive plural)
Basi (dative singular)
Basiom (dative plural)
Basię (accusative singular)
Basie (accusative plural)
Basią (instrumental singular)
Basiami (instrumental plural)
Basi (locative singular)
Basiach (locative plural)
Kasiu (singular vocative)
Basie (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Barbara


Ala

a diminutive of the female given name Alicja


Ala

Ala (nominative singular)
Ale (nominative plural)
Ali (genitive singular)
Al (genitive plural)
Ali (dative singular)
Alom (dative plural)
Alę (accusative singular)
Ale (accusative plural)
Alą (instrumental singular)
Alami (instrumental plural)
Ali (locative singular)
Alach (locative plural)
Alu (singular vocative)
Ale (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Alina


Blanka

Blanka (nominative singular)
Blanki (nominative plural)
Blanki (genitive singular)
Blanek (genitive plural)
Blance (dative singular)
Blankom (dative plural)
Blankę (accusative singular)
Blanki (accusative plural)
Blanką (instrumental singular)
Blankami (instrumental plural)
Blance (locative singular)
Blankach (locative plural)
Blanko (singular vocative)
Blanki (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Blanche


Bor

From Proto-Slavic *boriti (“to fight”), bór (“conifer forest”), or personal names such as Borzysław and Borzymir.


Ada

Ada (nominative singular)
Ady (nominative plural)
Ady (genitive singular)
Ad (genitive plural)
Adzie (dative singular)
Adom (dative plural)
Adę (accusative singular)
Ady (accusative plural)
Adą (instrumental singular)
Adami (instrumental plural)
Adzie (locative singular)
Adach (locative plural)
Ado (singular vocative)
Ady (plural vocative)


Barbie

Unadapted borrowing from English Barbie.

Barbie (tall, slender female fashion doll)


Ela

Ela (nominative singular)
Ele (nominative plural)
Eli (genitive singular)
El (genitive plural)
Eli (dative singular)
Elom (dative plural)
Elę (accusative singular)
Ele (accusative plural)
Elą (instrumental singular)
Elami (instrumental plural)
Eli (locative singular)
Elach (locative plural)
Elu (singular vocative)
Ele (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Elżbieta


Gloria

Gloria (nominative singular)
Glorie (nominative plural)
Glorii (genitive singular)
Glorii (genitive plural)
Gloryj (archaic genitive plural)
Glorii (dative singular)
Gloriom (dative plural)
Glorię (accusative singular)
Glorie (accusative plural)
Glorią (instrumental singular)
Gloriami (instrumental plural)
Glorii (locative singular)
Gloriach (locative plural)
Glorio (singular vocative)
Glorie (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Gloria

(Christianity) Gloria in excelsis Deo (hymn sung during the liturgy of many churches)


Maria

pl-prop

Maria f (diminutive Marysia or Marynia or Mania, augmentative Marycha)

Marysia (diminutive)
Marynia (diminutive)
Mania (diminutive)
Marycha (augmentative)
Maria (nominative singular)
Marie (nominative plural)
Marii (genitive singular)
Marii (genitive plural)
Maryj (archaic genitive plural)
Marii (dative singular)
Mariom (dative plural)
Marię (accusative singular)
Marie (accusative plural)
Marią (instrumental singular)
Mariami (instrumental plural)
Marii (locative singular)
Mariach (locative plural)
Mario (singular vocative)
Marie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Marīa. Doublet of Maryja.

(countable) a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek, in turn from Aramaic], equivalent to English Mary

(uncountable, biblical, Christianity, dated) Mary (mother of Jesus)


Echo

(Greek mythology) Echo (oread punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others)


Klara

Klarcia (diminutive)
Klara (nominative singular)
Klary (nominative plural)
Klary (genitive singular)
Klar (genitive plural)
Klarze (dative singular)
Klarom (dative plural)
Klarę (accusative singular)
Klary (accusative plural)
Klarą (instrumental singular)
Klarami (instrumental plural)
Klarze (locative singular)
Klarach (locative plural)
Klaro (singular vocative)
Klary (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Clara


Kuna

Kuna (nominative singular)
Kuny (nominative plural)
Kuny (genitive singular)
Kun (genitive plural)
Kunie (dative singular)
Kunom (dative plural)
Kunę (accusative singular)
Kuny (accusative plural)
Kuną (instrumental singular)
Kunami (instrumental plural)
Kunie (locative singular)
Kunach (locative plural)
Kuno (singular vocative)
Kuny (plural vocative)


Lech

Inherited from Old Polish Lech, hypocorism of Lestek, diminutive of Lścimir or Lścisław. Ultimately from leść (“guile, cunning”).


soda

soda (nominative singular)
sody (nominative plural)
sody (genitive singular)
sód (genitive plural)
sodzie (dative singular)
sodom (dative plural)
sodę (accusative singular)
sody (accusative plural)
sodą (instrumental singular)
sodami (instrumental plural)
sodzie (locative singular)
sodach (locative plural)
sodo (singular vocative)
sody (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare German Soda, Italian soda, Spanish soda, ultimately from Medieval Latin soda, from Arabic سُوَيْدَاء (suwaydāʔ). Doublet of sód.

(chemistry) soda, sodium carbonate, washing soda

(baking, chemistry) baking soda, soda, sodium bicarbonate


Flora

Flora (nominative singular)
Flory (nominative plural)
Flory (genitive singular)
Flor (genitive plural)
Florze (dative singular)
Florom (dative plural)
Florę (accusative singular)
Flory (accusative plural)
Florą (instrumental singular)
Florami (instrumental plural)
Florze (locative singular)
Florach (locative plural)
Floro (singular vocative)
Flory (plural vocative)

(countable) a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Flora

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Flora (goddess of flowers)


Malina

Malina (nominative singular)
Maliny (nominative plural)
Maliny (genitive singular)
Malin (genitive plural)
Malinie (dative singular)
Malinom (dative plural)
Malinę (accusative singular)
Maliny (accusative plural)
Maliną (instrumental singular)
Malinami (instrumental plural)
Malinie (locative singular)
Malinach (locative plural)
Malino (singular vocative)
Maliny (plural vocative)


Kata

Kata (nominative singular)
Katy (nominative plural)
Katy (genitive singular)
Kat (genitive plural)
Kacie (dative singular)
Katom (dative plural)
Katę (accusative singular)
Katy (accusative plural)
Katą (instrumental singular)
Katami (instrumental plural)
Kacie (locative singular)
Katach (locative plural)
Kato (singular vocative)
Katy (plural vocative)


Joanna

Joasia (diminutive)
Asia (diminutive)
Joanna (nominative singular)
Joanny (nominative plural)
Joanny (genitive singular)
Joann (genitive plural)
Joannie (dative singular)
Joannom (dative plural)
Joannę (accusative singular)
Joanny (accusative plural)
Joanną (instrumental singular)
Joannami (instrumental plural)
Joannie (locative singular)
Joannach (locative plural)
Joanno (singular vocative)
Joanny (plural vocative)

(countable) a female given name from Latin [in turn from Koine Greek, in turn from Hebrew], equivalent to English Jane, Joan, or Joanna

(uncountable, biblical) Joanna (one of the women following Jesus)


Mich

From truncation of personal names beginning with Mi- (e.g. Michał, Mikołaj, Mirosław, or Miłosław) + -ch.


Media

Media (nominative singular)
Medii (genitive singular)
Medii (dative singular)
Medię (accusative singular)
Medią (instrumental singular)
Medii (locative singular)
Medio (singular vocative)


Ola

Ola (nominative singular)
Ole (nominative plural)
Oli (genitive singular)
Ol (genitive plural)
Oli (dative singular)
Olom (dative plural)
Olę (accusative singular)
Ole (accusative plural)
Olą (instrumental singular)
Olami (instrumental plural)
Oli (locative singular)
Olach (locative plural)
Olu (singular vocative)
Ole (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Aleksandra


Io

(Greek mythology) Io (daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer)


Hydra

Hydra (nominative singular)
Hydry (genitive singular)
Hydrze (dative singular)
Hydrę (accusative singular)
Hydrą (instrumental singular)
Hydrze (locative singular)
Hydro (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hydra (mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours)

(astronomy) Hydra (spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent)


Panna

Panna (nominative singular)
Panny (genitive singular)
Pannie (dative singular)
Pannę (accusative singular)
Panną (instrumental singular)
Pannie (locative singular)
Panno (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity, theology) the Virgin, in particular Virgin Mary


Kuba

Kuba (nominative singular)
Kuby (genitive singular)
Kubie (dative singular)
Kubę (accusative singular)
Kubą (instrumental singular)
Kubie (locative singular)
Kubo (singular vocative)

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Polka

pl-noun

Polka f (male equivalent Polak, diminutive Poleczka)

Polak (masculine)
Poleczka (diminutive)
Polka (nominative singular)
Polki (nominative plural)
Polki (genitive singular)
Polek (genitive plural)
Polce (dative singular)
Polkom (dative plural)
Polkę (accusative singular)
Polki (accusative plural)
Polką (instrumental singular)
Polkami (instrumental plural)
Polce (locative singular)
Polkach (locative plural)
Polko (singular vocative)
Polki (plural vocative)


Aurora

Aurora (nominative singular)
Aurory (nominative plural)
Aurory (genitive singular)
Auror (genitive plural)
Aurorze (dative singular)
Aurorom (dative plural)
Aurorę (accusative singular)
Aurory (accusative plural)
Aurorą (instrumental singular)
Aurorami (instrumental plural)
Aurorze (locative singular)
Aurorach (locative plural)
Auroro (singular vocative)
Aurory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Aurōra. Doublet of Eos.

(uncountable, Roman mythology) Aurora (Roman goddess of the dawn, sister of Luna and Sol; equivalent of the Greek Eos)

(countable) a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Aurora


Genesis

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Genesis. Doublet of geneza.


Anna

pl-prop

Anna f (diminutive Andzia or Aneczka or Ania or Anka or Anula or Anusia)

Andzia (diminutive)
Aneczka (diminutive)
Ania (diminutive)
Anka (diminutive)
Anula (diminutive)
Anusia (diminutive)
Anna (nominative singular)
Anny (nominative plural)
Anny (genitive singular)
Ann (genitive plural)
Annie (dative singular)
Annom (dative plural)
Annę (accusative singular)
Anny (accusative plural)
Anną (instrumental singular)
Annami (instrumental plural)
Annie (locative singular)
Annach (locative plural)
Anno (singular vocative)
Anny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Anna, from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna), from Hebrew חַנָּה (ḥannâ). Doublet of Hanna.

a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek, in turn from Hebrew], equivalent to English Ann, Anna


Lima

Lima (nominative singular)
Limy (genitive singular)
Limie (dative singular)
Limę (accusative singular)
Limą (instrumental singular)
Limie (locative singular)
Limo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish Lima, from Quechua Rimak.


Psyche

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Psyche (personification of the soul; originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas)


Spica

Spica (nominative singular)
Spicy (genitive singular)
Spicy (dative singular)
Spicę (accusative singular)
Spicą (instrumental singular)
Spicy (locative singular)
Spico (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin spīca virginis.

lbor

(astronomy) Spica (blue-white giant star)


Schwarz

Unadapted borrowing from German Schwarz.


Tora

Tora (nominative singular)
Tory (genitive singular)
Torze (dative singular)
Torę (accusative singular)
Torą (instrumental singular)
Torze (locative singular)
Toro (singular vocative)

Torah (whole of Jewish law, both written and unwritten)


liberia

liberia (nominative singular)
liberie (nominative plural)
liberii (genitive singular)
liberii (genitive plural)
liberyj (archaic genitive plural)
liberii (dative singular)
liberiom (dative plural)
liberię (accusative singular)
liberie (accusative plural)
liberią (instrumental singular)
liberiami (instrumental plural)
liberii (locative singular)
liberiach (locative plural)
liberio (singular vocative)
liberie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian libéria, from Middle High German liberîe, from Old French livrée, feminine past participle of livrer, from Late Latin liberare.


Rosa

Rosa (nominative singular)
Rosy (nominative plural)
Rosy (genitive singular)
Ros (genitive plural)
Rosie (dative singular)
Rosom (dative plural)
Rosę (accusative singular)
Rosy (accusative plural)
Rosą (instrumental singular)
Rosami (instrumental plural)
Rosie (locative singular)
Rosach (locative plural)
Roso (singular vocative)
Rosy (plural vocative)


mata

matka (diminutive)
mata (nominative singular)
maty (nominative plural)
maty (genitive singular)
mat (genitive plural)
macie (dative singular)
matom (dative plural)
matę (accusative singular)
maty (accusative plural)
matą (instrumental singular)
matami (instrumental plural)
macie (locative singular)
matach (locative plural)
mato (singular vocative)
maty (plural vocative)

Perhaps a learned borrowing from Late Latin matta.


Adrianna

Adrian (masculine)
Adrianna (nominative singular)
Adrianny (nominative plural)
Adrianny (genitive singular)
Adriann (genitive plural)
Adriannie (dative singular)
Adriannom (dative plural)
Adriannę (accusative singular)
Adrianny (accusative plural)
Adrianną (instrumental singular)
Adriannami (instrumental plural)
Adriannie (locative singular)
Adriannach (locative plural)
Adrianno (singular vocative)
Adrianny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Adrianna


hera

hera (nominative singular)
hery (genitive singular)
herze (dative singular)
herę (accusative singular)
herą (instrumental singular)
herze (locative singular)
hero (singular vocative)


Pangea

Pangea (nominative singular)
Pangei (genitive singular)
Pangei (dative singular)
Pangeę (accusative singular)
Pangeą (instrumental singular)
Pangei (locative singular)
Pangeo (singular vocative)

Pangaea (supercontinent prior to Triassic)


kosiarka mulczująca

kosiarka mulczująca (nominative singular)
kosiarki mulczujące (nominative plural)
kosiarki mulczującej (genitive singular)
kosiarek mulczujących (genitive plural)
kosiarce mulczującej (dative singular)
kosiarkom mulczującym (dative plural)
kosiarkę mulczującą (accusative singular)
kosiarki mulczujące (accusative plural)
kosiarką mulczującą (instrumental singular)
kosiarkami mulczującymi (instrumental plural)
kosiarce mulczującej (locative singular)
kosiarkach mulczujących (locative plural)
kosiarko mulczująca (singular vocative)
kosiarki mulczujące (plural vocative)

Jeżeli kosisz regularnie, kosiarka mulczująca będzie miała korzystny wpływ na twój trawnik.

If you mow regularly, a mulching mower will be beneficial to your lawn.


kosiarka mieląca

kosiarka mieląca (nominative singular)
kosiarki mielące (nominative plural)
kosiarki mielącej (genitive singular)
kosiarek mielących (genitive plural)
kosiarce mielącej (dative singular)
kosiarkom mielącym (dative plural)
kosiarkę mielącą (accusative singular)
kosiarki mielące (accusative plural)
kosiarką mielącą (instrumental singular)
kosiarkami mielącymi (instrumental plural)
kosiarce mielącej (locative singular)
kosiarkach mielących (locative plural)
kosiarko mieląca (singular vocative)
kosiarki mielące (plural vocative)

Jeżeli kosisz regularnie, kosiarka mieląca będzie miała korzystny wpływ na twój trawnik.


paki

inflection of paka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


gleba

gleba (nominative singular)
gleby (nominative plural)
gleby (genitive singular)
gleb (genitive plural)
glebie (dative singular)
glebom (dative plural)
glebę (accusative singular)
gleby (accusative plural)
glebą (instrumental singular)
glebami (instrumental plural)
glebie (locative singular)
glebach (locative plural)
glebo (singular vocative)
gleby (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glaeba. Doublet of glob and globus.

(colloquial) bail, wipeout; a fall, especially during a sports activity


piramida

piramidka (diminutive)
piramida (nominative singular)
piramidy (nominative plural)
piramidy (genitive singular)
piramid (genitive plural)
piramidzie (dative singular)
piramidom (dative plural)
piramidę (accusative singular)
piramidy (accusative plural)
piramidą (instrumental singular)
piramidami (instrumental plural)
piramidzie (locative singular)
piramidach (locative plural)
piramido (singular vocative)
piramidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, from Ancient Greek πυραμίς (puramís).

piramida finansowa
piramida finansowa#Polish


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


interlingua

interlingua (nominative singular)
interlingwy (genitive singular)
interlingwie (dative singular)
interlingwę (accusative singular)
interlingwą (instrumental singular)
interlingwie (locative singular)
interlingwo (singular vocative)

Latino sine Flexione
Latino sine Flexione


manila

manilowy (adjective)
manila (nominative singular)
manile (nominative plural)
manili (genitive singular)
manili (genitive plural)
manil (genitive plural)
manili (dative singular)
manilom (dative plural)
manilę (accusative singular)
manile (accusative plural)
manilą (instrumental singular)
manilami (instrumental plural)
manili (locative singular)
manilach (locative plural)
manilo (singular vocative)
manile (plural vocative)


PO

(politics) Initialism of Platforma Obywatelska (“Citizens' Platform (a Polish political party)”).


magnolia

magnolia (nominative singular)
magnolie (nominative plural)
magnolii (genitive singular)
magnolii (genitive plural)
magnolij (archaic genitive plural)
magnolii (dative singular)
magnoliom (dative plural)
magnolię (accusative singular)
magnolie (accusative plural)
magnolią (instrumental singular)
magnoliami (instrumental plural)
magnolii (locative singular)
magnoliach (locative plural)
magnolio (singular vocative)
magnolie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French magnolia. Named after French botanist Pierre Magnol (1638–1715).


toyota

toyota (nominative singular)
toyoty (nominative plural)
toyoty (genitive singular)
toyot (genitive plural)
toyocie (dative singular)
toyotom (dative plural)
toyotę (accusative singular)
toyoty (accusative plural)
toyotą (instrumental singular)
toyotami (instrumental plural)
toyocie (locative singular)
toyotach (locative plural)
toyoto (singular vocative)
toyoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese トヨタ (Toyota). Genericized trademark.


minuta

pl-noun

minuta f (diminutive minutka, related adjective minutowy, abbreviation min or min.)

minutka (diminutive)
minutowy (adjective)
min (abbreviation)
min. (abbreviation)
minuta (nominative singular)
minuty (nominative plural)
minuty (genitive singular)
minut (genitive plural)
minucie (dative singular)
minutom (dative plural)
minutę (accusative singular)
minuty (accusative plural)
minutą (instrumental singular)
minutami (instrumental plural)
minucie (locative singular)
minutach (locative plural)
minuto (singular vocative)
minuty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Kashubian: minuta, mënuta, manuta (regional)

Inherited from Old Polish minuta. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French minute and German Minute. Doublet of menu.

sl

minute (unit of time equal to sixty seconds)

(geometry) arcminute (1/60th of a degree)

(obsolete) abstract (document without a stamp or seal)


planeta

planeta (nominative singular)
planety (nominative plural)
planety (genitive singular)
planet (genitive plural)
planecie (dative singular)
planetom (dative plural)
planetę (accusative singular)
planety (accusative plural)
planetą (instrumental singular)
planetami (instrumental plural)
planecie (locative singular)
planetach (locative plural)
planeto (singular vocative)
planety (plural vocative)


rota

oath, swear, vow (form of solemn pledge (e.g., military))


rota

rote (kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy)


rota

(historical, military) rota (infantry or cavalry unit in Poland in the 16th–17th c.)

(historical, military) rota (row of soldiers in formation in Poland in the 18th c.)


rota

(firefighting) group of rescuers or firefighters consisting of two people


rota

rota (nominative singular)
roty (nominative plural)
roty (genitive singular)
rot (genitive plural)
rocie (dative singular)
rotom (dative plural)
rotę (accusative singular)
roty (accusative plural)
rotą (instrumental singular)
rotami (instrumental plural)
rocie (locative singular)
rotach (locative plural)
roto (singular vocative)
roty (plural vocative)

(law, Roman Catholicism) tribunal of appeal functioning under the Roman Curia

(historical) type of torture during which the convict was entwined in a wheel

(historical) wheel used in this type of torture


Islandia

Islandia (nominative singular)
Islandii (genitive singular)
Islandii (dative singular)
Islandię (accusative singular)
Islandią (instrumental singular)
Islandii (locative singular)
Islandio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse Ísland, from íss (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Łódź

Łódź (nominative singular)
Łodzi (genitive singular)
Łodzi (dative singular)
Łódź (accusative singular)
Łodzią (instrumental singular)
Łodzi (locative singular)
Łodzi (singular vocative)

Unknown. Possible etymologies include:
* From the surname Łodzic.
* From the given name Włodzisław.
* From Old Polish łoza (“willow tree”).
Popular incorrect etymologies include:
* From łódź (“boat”). This is incorrect, since the city does not lie near any navigable body of water.
* From Łódka, a small river in the city. This is also incorrect, since the river was named after the city, not the other way around.

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Lodz (the capital city of the Łódź Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland)


flinty

inflection of flinta:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


intifada

intifada (nominative singular)
intifady (nominative plural)
intifady (genitive singular)
intifad (genitive plural)
intifadzie (dative singular)
intifadom (dative plural)
intifadę (accusative singular)
intifady (accusative plural)
intifadą (instrumental singular)
intifadami (instrumental plural)
intifadzie (locative singular)
intifadach (locative plural)
intifado (singular vocative)
intifady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِفَاضَة (intifāḍa).

bor+

اِنْتِفَاضَة

(Islam, politics) intifada (uprising, resistant struggle or rebellious protest, especially the Palestinian uprisings against Israel)


garam masala

garam masala (nominative singular)
garam masali (genitive singular)
garam masali (dative singular)
garam masalę (accusative singular)
garam masalą (instrumental singular)
garam masali (locative singular)
garam masalo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Hindi गरम मसाला (garam masālā).


Arabia

Arabia (nominative singular)
Arabii (genitive singular)
Arabii (dative singular)
Arabię (accusative singular)
Arabią (instrumental singular)
Arabii (locative singular)
Arabio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Arabia.

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (The region within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


Andora

Andora (nominative singular)
Andory (genitive singular)
Andorze (dative singular)
Andorę (accusative singular)
Andorą (instrumental singular)
Andorze (locative singular)
Andoro (singular vocative)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


sura

sura (nominative singular)
sury (nominative plural)
sury (genitive singular)
sur (genitive plural)
surze (dative singular)
surom (dative plural)
surę (accusative singular)
sury (accusative plural)
surą (instrumental singular)
surami (instrumental plural)
surze (locative singular)
surach (locative plural)
suro (singular vocative)
sury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).


syllepsis

Learned borrowing from Latin syllēpsis. Doublet of syllepsa.

(rhetoric) syllepsis (figure of speech in which one word simultaneously modifies two or more other words such that the modification must be understood differently with respect to each modified word; often causing humorous incongruity)


akademija

akademija (nominative singular)
akademije (nominative plural)
akademijej (genitive singular)
akademij (genitive plural)
akademijéj (dative singular)
akademiją (accusative singular)
akademije (accusative plural)
akademiją (instrumental singular)
akademijéj (locative singular)
akademijach (locative plural)


Bohemia

Bohemia (nominative singular)
Bohemii (genitive singular)
Bohemii (dative singular)
Bohemię (accusative singular)
Bohemią (instrumental singular)
Bohemii (locative singular)
Bohemio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Bohemia, ultimately from Late Latin Boiohaemum. By surface analysis, bohema + -ia.

(literary) Bohemia (a region in Czech Republic)


Schneider

Unadapted borrowing from German Schneider.


balerina

balerina (nominative singular)
baleriny (nominative plural)
baleriny (genitive singular)
balerin (genitive plural)
balerinie (dative singular)
balerinom (dative plural)
balerinę (accusative singular)
baleriny (accusative plural)
baleriną (instrumental singular)
balerinami (instrumental plural)
balerinie (locative singular)
balerinach (locative plural)
balerino (singular vocative)
baleriny (plural vocative)


kotka

pl-noun

kotka f (male equivalent kot, diminutive koteczka, augmentative kocica)

kot (masculine)
koteczka (diminutive)
kocica (augmentative)
kotka (nominative singular)
kotki (nominative plural)
kotki (genitive singular)
kotek (genitive plural)
kotce (dative singular)
kotkom (dative plural)
kotkę (accusative singular)
kotki (accusative plural)
kotką (instrumental singular)
kotkami (instrumental plural)
kotce (locative singular)
kotkach (locative plural)
kotko (singular vocative)
kotki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kòtъka. By surface analysis, kot + -ka.


Japonia

Japonia (nominative singular)
Japonie (nominative plural)
Japonii (genitive singular)
Japonii (genitive plural)
Japonii (dative singular)
Japoniom (dative plural)
Japonię (accusative singular)
Japonie (accusative plural)
Japonią (instrumental singular)
Japoniami (instrumental plural)
Japonii (locative singular)
Japoniach (locative plural)
Japonio (singular vocative)
Japonie (plural vocative)


Moskwa

Moskwa (nominative singular)
Moskwy (genitive singular)
Moskwie (dative singular)
Moskwę (accusative singular)
Moskwą (instrumental singular)
Moskwie (locative singular)
Moskwo (singular vocative)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)

Moskwa swoję fortecę w kącie lasu właśnie ufortyfikowali, ze dwu stron las mając, a z trzeciéj błoto…

Russians just fortified their fortress at the forest's angle, so that they had forest on two sides and swamps on the third…

(collective, dated, metonymically) Russians


ansa

ansa (nominative singular)
anse (nominative plural)
ansy (nominative plural)
ansy (genitive singular)
ans (genitive plural)
ansie (dative singular)
ansom (dative plural)
ansę (accusative singular)
anse (accusative plural)
ansy (accusative plural)
ansą (instrumental singular)
ansami (instrumental plural)
ansie (locative singular)
ansach (locative plural)
anso (singular vocative)
anse (plural vocative)
ansy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ānsa. First attested in 1556–1557.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ansa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

+obj

(literary) resentment, animosity, ill will [with do (+ genitive) ‘to/for whom/what’]

(obsolete, originally) reason, cause; rashness


Francja

Francja (nominative singular)
Francji (genitive singular)
Francji (dative singular)
Francję (accusative singular)
Francją (instrumental singular)
Francji (locative singular)
Francjo (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: Фра́нцыя (Fráncyja)

desctree

→ Russian: Фра́нция (Fráncija), Фра́нція (Fráncija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Bulgarian: Франция (Francija)
→ Ingrian: Frantsia
→ Kazakh: Франция (Fransiä)
→ Kyrgyz: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Macedonian: Франција (Francija)
⇒ Mongolian: Франц (Franc), франц (franc)
→ Slovene: Francija
→ Tatar: Франция (Frantsiyä)
→ Turkmen: Fransiýa
→ Uyghur: فرانسىيە (fransiye)
→ Uzbek: Fransiya

→ Ukrainian: Фра́нція (Fráncija)

Borrowed from French France, from Middle French France, from Old French France, from Late Latin Francia, from Latin Francī, plural of Francus, from Frankish *frankō, from Proto-Germanic *frankô, from Proto-Indo-European *preng-. Doublet of franca and Francuz.


Białoruś

Białoruś (nominative singular)
Białorusi (genitive singular)
Białorusi (dative singular)
Białoruś (accusative singular)
Białorusią (instrumental singular)
Białorusi (locative singular)
Białorusi (singular vocative)


Sumatra

Sumatra (nominative singular)
Sumatry (genitive singular)
Sumatrze (dative singular)
Sumatrę (accusative singular)
Sumatrą (instrumental singular)
Sumatrze (locative singular)
Sumatro (singular vocative)


pszczoła

pl-noun

pszczoła f (diminutive pszczółka, related adjective pszczeli)

pszczółka (diminutive)
pszczeli (adjective)
pszczoła (nominative singular)
pszczoły (nominative plural)
pszczoły (genitive singular)
pszczół (genitive plural)
pszczole (dative singular)
pszczołom (dative plural)
pszczołę (accusative singular)
pszczoły (accusative plural)
pszczołą (instrumental singular)
pszczołami (instrumental plural)
pszczole (locative singular)
pszczołach (locative plural)
pszczoło (singular vocative)
pszczoły (plural vocative)


Słowacja

Słowacja (nominative singular)
Słowacji (genitive singular)
Słowacji (dative singular)
Słowację (accusative singular)
Słowacją (instrumental singular)
Słowacji (locative singular)
Słowacjo (singular vocative)


koma

koma (nominative singular)
komy (nominative plural)
komy (genitive singular)
kom (genitive plural)
komie (dative singular)
komom (dative plural)
komę (accusative singular)
komy (accusative plural)
komą (instrumental singular)
komami (instrumental plural)
komie (locative singular)
komach (locative plural)
komo (singular vocative)
komy (plural vocative)

(astronomy) coma (cloud surrounding a comet nucleu)


neuralgia

neuralgia (nominative singular)
neuralgie (nominative plural)
neuralgii (genitive singular)
neuralgii (genitive plural)
neuralgij (archaic genitive plural)
neuralgii (dative singular)
neuralgiom (dative plural)
neuralgię (accusative singular)
neuralgie (accusative plural)
neuralgią (instrumental singular)
neuralgiami (instrumental plural)
neuralgii (locative singular)
neuralgiach (locative plural)
neuralgio (singular vocative)
neuralgie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English neuralgia, from New Latin neuralgia, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

(neurology, pathology) neuralgia (severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve)


lepra

lepra (nominative singular)
lepry (nominative plural)
lepry (genitive singular)
lepr (genitive plural)
leprze (dative singular)
leprom (dative plural)
leprę (accusative singular)
lepry (accusative plural)
leprą (instrumental singular)
leprami (instrumental plural)
leprze (locative singular)
leprach (locative plural)
lepro (singular vocative)
lepry (plural vocative)


prawda

Inherited from Old Polish prawda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. For sense sense 6, compare French ration/raison.

Czy to prawda, że Ciebie zdradził?

truth (that which is concordant with reality) [with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]

(obsolete) correctness; justice, fairness

mieć prawdę (obsolete)

(obsolete) food; feed (that which is eaten, especially of animals)


Warszawa

pl-prop

Warszawa f (related adjective warszawski)

warszawski (adjective)
Warszawa (nominative singular)
Warszawy (genitive singular)
Warszawie (dative singular)
Warszawę (accusative singular)
Warszawą (instrumental singular)
Warszawie (locative singular)
Warszawo (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: Варша́ва (Varšáva)

→ Bulgarian: Варша́ва (Varšáva)

→ Czech: Varšava

→ Danish: Warszawa

→ English: Warsaw

desctree

→ German: Warschau
→ Dutch: Warschau
→ Afrikaans: Warschau
→ Icelandic: Varsjá
→ Luxembourgish: Warschau

→ Hungarian: Varsó

→ Japanese: ワルシャワ

desc

→ Korean: 바르샤바 (bareusyaba), 와르샤와 (wareusyawa)

desctree

→ Latin: Varsovia
Catalan: Varsòvia
French: Varsovie
Galician: Varsovia
Italian: Varsavia
Portuguese: Varsóvia
Romanian: Varșovia
Spanish: Varsovia

→ Latvian: Varšava

→ Lithuanian: Varšuva

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Warszawa

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Warszawa

→ Russian: Варша́ва (Varšáva)
→ Kyrgyz: Варшава (Varşava)
→ Mongolian: Варшав (Varšav)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Varšava, Варшава

→ Slovak: Varšava

→ Slovene: Varšava

→ Swedish: Warszawa

→ Ukrainian: Варша́ва (Varšáva)

Inherited from Old Polish Warszewa with -e- replaced by -a- due to hypercorrection or assimilation.

Warszawa lat wojny i okupacji

Arcybiskupowi przeznaczono rocznéj pensyi 140,000 franków, prócz pieniędzy na reprezentacyą; gdyż cesarz w udzielonych mu instrukcyach chciał, aby w Warszawie wielki dom prowadził.

1854, Leon Potocki, Święcone, czyli Pałac Potockich w Warszawie

The archbishop was allowed a yearly pension of 140,000 franks, in addition to the money for representation; where as the emperor, as in his conferred instructions, wanted him to lead a great house in Warsaw.

Od daty 18 maja 1815 roku, kiedy traktat wiedeński powołał do życia Królestwo Polskie, rozpoczęła się dla Warszawy nowa epoka.

1964, Adam Szczypiorski, Ćwierć wieku Warszawy, 1806–1830

From May 18, 1815, when the Treaty of Vienna brought the Polish Kingdom back to life, a new epoch for Warsaw begun.

W takiej atmosferze rewolucyjnego września opuszczał na zawsze Warszawę i Ojczyznę Fryderyk Chopin.

2008, Artur III Nadolski, Pani Chłodna (opowieść o warszawskiej ulicy)

In this revolutionist atmosphere of September, Frederyk Chopin left Warsaw and his fatherland forever.

Warsaw (the capital and largest city of Poland)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Warsaw (the capital and largest city of the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

stosunki między Warszawą a Berlinem

(government, metonymically) Warsaw (Polish presidency and its administration)

miasto stołeczne Warszawa

(government, metonymically) Warsaw authorities

pomoc dla Warszawy

(collective, metonymically) Warsaw residents

zremisować z Warszawą

(colloquial, metonymically, sports) sports team from Warsaw

taksówka marki „Warszawa”

W 1958 roku Warszawę wyposażono już w dwuramienną kierownicę.

2010, Aleksander Sowa, Legendy naszej motoryzacji

In 1958, the warsaw was equipped with a two-armed steering wheel.

FSO Warszawa (line of cars manufactured in Warsaw between 1951 and 1973)


marihuana

pl-noun

marihuana f (related adjective marihuanowy)

marihuanowy (adjective)
marihuana (nominative singular)
marihuany (genitive singular)
marihuanie (dative singular)
marihuanę (accusative singular)
marihuaną (instrumental singular)
marihuanie (locative singular)
marihuano (singular vocative)

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

marijuana (inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect)

(informal) cannabis, hemp (Cannabis sativa)


Ceres

(Roman mythology) Ceres (Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility)


bulla

bulla (nominative singular)
bulle (nominative plural)
bulli (genitive singular)
bulli (genitive plural)
bulli (dative singular)
bullom (dative plural)
bullę (accusative singular)
bulle (accusative plural)
bullą (instrumental singular)
bullami (instrumental plural)
bulli (locative singular)
bullach (locative plural)
bullo (singular vocative)
bulle (plural vocative)

(Roman Catholicism) bull (papal bull; a document from the papal chancellery)


kurki

inflection of kurka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


Ukraina

Ukraina (nominative singular)
Ukrainy (genitive singular)
Ukrainie (dative singular)
Ukrainę (accusative singular)
Ukrainą (instrumental singular)
Ukrainie (locative singular)
Ukraino (singular vocative)

From Old East Slavic украина (ukraina, “borderland”). By surface analysis, u + kraina.

der

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Litwa

litewski (adjective)
Litwa (nominative singular)
Litwy (genitive singular)
Litwie (dative singular)
Litwę (accusative singular)
Litwą (instrumental singular)
Litwie (locative singular)
Litwo (singular vocative)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania

(colloquial, historical) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland)


Litwa

Litwa (nominative singular)
Litwy (nominative plural)
Litwy (genitive singular)
Litw (genitive plural)
Litwie (dative singular)
Litwom (dative plural)
Litwę (accusative singular)
Litwy (accusative plural)
Litwą (instrumental singular)
Litwami (instrumental plural)
Litwie (locative singular)
Litwach (locative plural)
Litwo (singular vocative)
Litwy (plural vocative)


Kolumbia

Kolumbia (nominative singular)
Kolumbii (genitive singular)
Kolumbii (dative singular)
Kolumbię (accusative singular)
Kolumbią (instrumental singular)
Kolumbii (locative singular)
Kolumbio (singular vocative)


noc

pl-noun

noc f (diminutive nocka, related adjective nocny)

nocka (diminutive)
nocny (adjective)
noc (nominative singular)
noce (nominative plural)
nocy (genitive singular)
nocy (genitive plural)
nocy (dative singular)
nocom (dative plural)
noc (accusative singular)
noce (accusative plural)
nocą (instrumental singular)
nocami (instrumental plural)
nocy (locative singular)
nocach (locative plural)
nocy (singular vocative)
noce (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: dzień

(countable) night, nighttime (period of time from sundown to sunup)

(countable) night (event happening at night; evening or night spent at a particular activity)

(uncountable) dark time (period in history perceived as decidedly evil and full of tragic events)

(obsolete, uncountable) night (darkness)

(obsolete, countable) dark (secrecy; hiddenness)

(obsolete, uncountable) daze, bewilderment, stupefaction


persona non grata

Unadapted borrowing from Latin persōna nōn grāta.

ubor

persona non grata
persona non grata#English


Kowalska

Kowalski (masculine)
Kowalska (nominative singular)
Kowalskie (nominative plural)
Kowalskiej (genitive singular)
Kowalskich (genitive plural)
Kowalskiej (dative singular)
Kowalskim (dative plural)
Kowalską (accusative singular)
Kowalskie (accusative plural)
Kowalską (instrumental singular)
Kowalskimi (instrumental plural)
Kowalskiej (locative singular)
Kowalskich (locative plural)
Kowalska (singular vocative)
Kowalskie (plural vocative)


tetra

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τετρα- (tetra-).

lbor

(colloquial) Clipping of tetrachlorometan.


tetra

tetra (nominative singular)
tetry (nominative plural)
tetry (genitive singular)
tetr (genitive plural)
tetrze (dative singular)
tetrom (dative plural)
tetrę (accusative singular)
tetry (accusative plural)
tetrą (instrumental singular)
tetrami (instrumental plural)
tetrze (locative singular)
tetrach (locative plural)
tetro (singular vocative)
tetry (plural vocative)


ara

ara (nominative singular)
ary (nominative plural)
ary (genitive singular)
ar (genitive plural)
arze (dative singular)
arom (dative plural)
arę (accusative singular)
ary (accusative plural)
arą (instrumental singular)
arami (instrumental plural)
arze (locative singular)
arach (locative plural)
aro (singular vocative)
ary (plural vocative)


Wanda

Wanda (nominative singular)
Wandy (nominative plural)
Wandy (genitive singular)
Wand (genitive plural)
Wandzie (dative singular)
Wandom (dative plural)
Wandę (accusative singular)
Wandy (accusative plural)
Wandą (instrumental singular)
Wandami (instrumental plural)
Wandzie (locative singular)
Wandach (locative plural)
Wando (singular vocative)
Wandy (plural vocative)


beri-beri

Probably borrowed from Sinhalese බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri).


rapa

rapa (nominative singular)
rapy (nominative plural)
rapy (genitive singular)
rap (genitive plural)
rapie (dative singular)
rapom (dative plural)
rapę (accusative singular)
rapy (accusative plural)
rapą (instrumental singular)
rapami (instrumental plural)
rapie (locative singular)
rapach (locative plural)
rapo (singular vocative)
rapy (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from German Rapfen. Doublet of rap.

Leuciscus aspius
Wikispecies:Leuciscus aspius

asp (Aspius aspius, syn. Leuciscus aspius)


Bogota

Bogota (nominative singular)
Bogoty (genitive singular)
Bogocie (dative singular)
Bogotę (accusative singular)
Bogotą (instrumental singular)
Bogocie (locative singular)
Bogoto (singular vocative)


cela

cela (nominative singular)
cele (nominative plural)
celi (genitive singular)
cel (genitive plural)
celi (dative singular)
celom (dative plural)
celę (accusative singular)
cele (accusative plural)
celą (instrumental singular)
celami (instrumental plural)
celi (locative singular)
celach (locative plural)
celo (singular vocative)
cele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zelle, from Latin cella.

cell (room in a prison for containing inmates)


tafla

pl-noun

tafla f (diminutive tafelka, related adjective taflowy)

tafelka (diminutive)
taflowy (adjective)
tafla (nominative singular)
tafle (nominative plural)
tafli (genitive singular)
tafli (genitive plural)
tafli (dative singular)
taflom (dative plural)
taflę (accusative singular)
tafle (accusative plural)
taflą (instrumental singular)
taflami (instrumental plural)
tafli (locative singular)
taflach (locative plural)
taflo (singular vocative)
tafle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tafel, from Middle High German tavel, tavele, from Old High German tavala, tabela, from Old Italian tavola, from Latin tabula. Possibly a doublet of tobół (“bundle”).

a large tile of a smooth, rigid material; pane (of glass)


trufla

trufla f (diminutive trufelka, related adjective truflowy)

trufelka (diminutive)
truflowy (adjective)
trufla (nominative singular)
trufle (nominative plural)
trufli (genitive singular)
trufli (genitive plural)
trufli (dative singular)
truflom (dative plural)
truflę (accusative singular)
trufle (accusative plural)
truflą (instrumental singular)
truflami (instrumental plural)
trufli (locative singular)
truflach (locative plural)
truflo (singular vocative)
trufle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trüffel, from French truffe, from Old Occitan trufa, from Latin tuber, from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂-. Doublet of trufel.

truffle (any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe)

soft cake made from a paste made by combining chocolate, butter or cream, and other additives


sól

solny (adjective)
sól (nominative singular)
sole (nominative plural)
soli (genitive singular)
soli (genitive plural)
soli (dative singular)
solom (dative plural)
sól (accusative singular)
sole (accusative plural)
solą (instrumental singular)
solami (instrumental plural)
soli (locative singular)
solach (locative plural)
soli (singular vocative)
sole (plural vocative)


Gondwana

Gondwana (nominative singular)
Gondwany (genitive singular)
Gondwanie (dative singular)
Gondwanę (accusative singular)
Gondwaną (instrumental singular)
Gondwanie (locative singular)
Gondwano (singular vocative)


bera

bera (nominative singular)
bery (nominative plural)
bery (genitive singular)
ber (genitive plural)
berze (dative singular)
berom (dative plural)
berę (accusative singular)
bery (accusative plural)
berą (instrumental singular)
berami (instrumental plural)
berze (locative singular)
berach (locative plural)
bero (singular vocative)
bery (plural vocative)

butter pear (juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear)


passa

passa (nominative singular)
passy (nominative plural)
passy (genitive singular)
pass (genitive plural)
passie (dative singular)
passom (dative plural)
passę (accusative singular)
passy (accusative plural)
passą (instrumental singular)
passami (instrumental plural)
passie (locative singular)
passach (locative plural)
passo (singular vocative)
passy (plural vocative)


politechnika

politechnika (nominative singular)
politechniki (nominative plural)
politechniki (genitive singular)
politechnik (genitive plural)
politechnice (dative singular)
politechnikom (dative plural)
politechnikę (accusative singular)
politechniki (accusative plural)
politechniką (instrumental singular)
politechnikami (instrumental plural)
politechnice (locative singular)
politechnikach (locative plural)
politechniko (singular vocative)
politechniki (plural vocative)

polytechnic (institution of higher education (typically accepting students from the age of about 19, depending on country, but in some cases able to take younger students in exceptional cases) where technical subjects are studied and researched in depth and degrees are offered)


kreski

inflection of kreska:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


nota

nota (nominative singular)
noty (nominative plural)
noty (genitive singular)
not (genitive plural)
nocie (dative singular)
notom (dative plural)
notę (accusative singular)
noty (accusative plural)
notą (instrumental singular)
notami (instrumental plural)
nocie (locative singular)
notach (locative plural)
noto (singular vocative)
noty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nuta (“note, tone”).

note (a diplomatic missive or written communication)


kultura

kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)

kulturka (diminutive)
kulturowy (adjective)
kult. (abbreviation)
kultura (nominative singular)
kultury (nominative plural)
kultury (genitive singular)
kultur (genitive plural)
kulturze (dative singular)
kulturom (dative plural)
kulturę (accusative singular)
kultury (accusative plural)
kulturą (instrumental singular)
kulturami (instrumental plural)
kulturze (locative singular)
kulturach (locative plural)
kulturo (singular vocative)
kultury (plural vocative)

Kashubian: kùltura

Masurian: kultura

Silesian: kultura

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.

ref

Franciszek Gościecki (1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, Poeci polskiego Baroku (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461: “Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.”

(countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)

(countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)

(uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)

(uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)

(countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)

(countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)

(countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field

(agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)


binda

binda (nominative singular)
bindy (nominative plural)
bindy (genitive singular)
bind (genitive plural)
bindzie (dative singular)
bindom (dative plural)
bindę (accusative singular)
bindy (accusative plural)
bindą (instrumental singular)
bindami (instrumental plural)
bindzie (locative singular)
bindach (locative plural)
bindo (singular vocative)
bindy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Binde. First attested in 1534.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “binda, bieńda”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

packthread, bookbinding twine (twine used to bind a book)

decorative book spine stripe (stripe used as decoration on the spine of a book)

paper bind, paper strap (material used to hold papers together)

(historical) moustache band (band used to hold one's moustache hair)

(historical) headband tiara, diadem (tiara in the shape of a band)

(Middle Polish) ribbon, tape (decorative material)

(Middle Polish) ribbon worn by knights on their arms

(Middle Polish, heraldry) coat of arms element in the shape of a ribbon

(Middle Polish) narrow band of material i.e. wood


tilapia

tilapia (nominative singular)
tilapie (nominative plural)
tilapii (genitive singular)
tilapii (genitive plural)
tilapij (archaic genitive plural)
tilapii (dative singular)
tilapiom (dative plural)
tilapię (accusative singular)
tilapie (accusative plural)
tilapią (instrumental singular)
tilapiami (instrumental plural)
tilapii (locative singular)
tilapiach (locative plural)
tilapio (singular vocative)
tilapie (plural vocative)


mężczyzna

Inherited from Old Polish mężczyzna. By surface analysis, męski + -yzna.


realia

realia (nominative plural)
realiów (genitive plural)
realiom (dative plural)
realia (accusative plural)
realiami (instrumental plural)
realiach (locative plural)
realia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin realia, neuter plural of realis (“real”).

lbor

realia (objects from real life or from the real world, as opposed to theoretical constructs or fabricated examples)

(literature, film) backstory, background


Etiopia

Etiopia (nominative singular)
Etiopie (nominative plural)
Etiopii (genitive singular)
Etiopii (genitive plural)
Etiopii (dative singular)
Etiopiom (dative plural)
Etiopię (accusative singular)
Etiopie (accusative plural)
Etiopią (instrumental singular)
Etiopiami (instrumental plural)
Etiopii (locative singular)
Etiopiach (locative plural)
Etiopio (singular vocative)
Etiopie (plural vocative)


pika

pika (nominative singular)
piki (nominative plural)
piki (genitive singular)
pik (genitive plural)
pice (dative singular)
pikom (dative plural)
pikę (accusative singular)
piki (accusative plural)
piką (instrumental singular)
pikami (instrumental plural)
pice (locative singular)
pikach (locative plural)
piko (singular vocative)
piki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pique. Doublet of pik.


Hiroshima

Hiroshima (nominative singular)
Hiroshimy (genitive singular)
Hiroshimie (dative singular)
Hiroshimę (accusative singular)
Hiroshimą (instrumental singular)
Hiroshimie (locative singular)
Hiroshimo (singular vocative)


ligi

inflection of liga:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


Julia

pl-proper noun

Julia f (male equivalent Juliusz, diminutive Jula or Julcia or Julka)

Juliusz (masculine)
Jula (diminutive)
Julcia (diminutive)
Julka (diminutive)
Julia (nominative singular)
Julie (nominative plural)
Julii (genitive singular)
Julii (genitive plural)
Julij (archaic genitive plural)
Julii (dative singular)
Juliom (dative plural)
Julię (accusative singular)
Julie (accusative plural)
Julią (instrumental singular)
Juliami (instrumental plural)
Julii (locative singular)
Juliach (locative plural)
Julio (singular vocative)
Julie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Julia


baklava

baklava (nominative singular)
baklavy (nominative plural)
baklavy (genitive singular)
baklav (genitive plural)
baklavie (dative singular)
baklavom (dative plural)
baklavę (accusative singular)
baklav (accusative plural)
baklavą (instrumental singular)
baklavami (instrumental plural)
baklavie (locative singular)
baklavach (locative plural)
baklavo (singular vocative)
baklavy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish baklava, from Ottoman Turkish باقلوا (baklava).


proteza

proteza (nominative singular)
protezy (nominative plural)
protezy (genitive singular)
protez (genitive plural)
protezie (dative singular)
protezom (dative plural)
protezę (accusative singular)
protezy (accusative plural)
protezą (instrumental singular)
protezami (instrumental plural)
protezie (locative singular)
protezach (locative plural)
protezo (singular vocative)
protezy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French prothèse, from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis).


bazooka

bazooka (nominative singular)
bazooki (nominative plural)
bazooki (genitive singular)
bazook (genitive plural)
bazooce (dative singular)
bazookom (dative plural)
bazookę (accusative singular)
bazooki (accusative plural)
bazooką (instrumental singular)
bazookami (instrumental plural)
bazooce (locative singular)
bazookach (locative plural)
bazooko (singular vocative)
bazooki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bazooka.

(weaponry) bazooka (shoulder-held rocket launcher used as an antitank weapon)


ikona

ikonka (diminutive)
ikona (nominative singular)
ikony (nominative plural)
ikony (genitive singular)
ikon (genitive plural)
ikonie (dative singular)
ikonom (dative plural)
ikonę (accusative singular)
ikony (accusative plural)
ikoną (instrumental singular)
ikonami (instrumental plural)
ikonie (locative singular)
ikonach (locative plural)
ikono (singular vocative)
ikony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ико́на (ikóna), from Greek εικόνα (eikóna), from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn).

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) computer icon


zony

inflection of zona:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


patka

patka (nominative singular)
patki (nominative plural)
patki (genitive singular)
patek (genitive plural)
patce (dative singular)
patkom (dative plural)
patkę (accusative singular)
patki (accusative plural)
patką (instrumental singular)
patkami (instrumental plural)
patce (locative singular)
patkach (locative plural)
patko (singular vocative)
patki (plural vocative)

flap (strip of material sewn or pinned to a garment, used to tighten a loose part of it or as a decoration)


arteria

arteria (nominative singular)
arterie (nominative plural)
arterii (genitive singular)
arterii (genitive plural)
arteryj (archaic genitive plural)
arterii (dative singular)
arteriom (dative plural)
arterię (accusative singular)
arterie (accusative plural)
arterią (instrumental singular)
arteriami (instrumental plural)
arterii (locative singular)
arteriach (locative plural)
arterio (singular vocative)
arterie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin artēria, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (artēríā).

(transport) artery (major transit corridor)

(anatomy) artery (blood vessel from the heart)


fugu

Diodon hystrix
Wikispecies:Diodon hystrix

fugu (delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins)


rotunda

pl-noun

rotunda f (diminutive rotundka, related adjective rotundowy)

rotundka (diminutive)
rotundowy (adjective)
rotunda (nominative singular)
rotundy (nominative plural)
rotundy (genitive singular)
rotund (genitive plural)
rotundzie (dative singular)
rotundom (dative plural)
rotundę (accusative singular)
rotundy (accusative plural)
rotundą (instrumental singular)
rotundami (instrumental plural)
rotundzie (locative singular)
rotundach (locative plural)
rotundo (singular vocative)
rotundy (plural vocative)

(countable) rotunda (round building, usually small, often with a dome)

(countable) rotunda (representative circular hall, typical of Baroque and Classical palaces)

(countable, historical) long women's coat, cut in a circular shape, fastened from top to bottom with small buttons, with vertical arm slits, popular in the 19th century


rotunda

rotundowy (adjective)
rotunda (nominative singular)
rotundy (genitive singular)
rotundzie (dative singular)
rotundę (accusative singular)
rotundą (instrumental singular)
rotundzie (locative singular)
rotundo (singular vocative)

(uncountable, typography) rotunda (Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th century; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based)


Olza

Olza (nominative singular)
Olzy (genitive singular)
Olzie (dative singular)
Olzę (accusative singular)
Olzą (instrumental singular)
Olzie (locative singular)
Olzo (singular vocative)

Olza (a right tributary of the Odra flowing through Poland and the Czech Republic)


Drina

Drina (nominative singular)
Driny (genitive singular)
Drinie (dative singular)
Drinę (accusative singular)
Driną (instrumental singular)
Drinie (locative singular)
Drino (singular vocative)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Drina (a river running along the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia)


aula

aula (nominative singular)
aule (nominative plural)
auli (genitive singular)
auli (genitive plural)
auli (dative singular)
aulom (dative plural)
aulę (accusative singular)
aule (accusative plural)
aulą (instrumental singular)
aulami (instrumental plural)
auli (locative singular)
aulach (locative plural)
aulo (singular vocative)
aule (plural vocative)

(Christianity) discussion room in a church or basilica


biblioteka

biblioteka f (diminutive biblioteczka, related adjective biblioteczny)

biblioteczka (diminutive)
biblioteczny (adjective)
biblioteka (nominative singular)
biblioteki (nominative plural)
biblioteki (genitive singular)
bibliotek (genitive plural)
bibliotece (dative singular)
bibliotekom (dative plural)
bibliotekę (accusative singular)
biblioteki (accusative plural)
biblioteką (instrumental singular)
bibliotekami (instrumental plural)
bibliotece (locative singular)
bibliotekach (locative plural)
biblioteko (singular vocative)
biblioteki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin bibliothēca.

lbor

bookhouse, library (building which stores books)

bookery, library (collection of books or manuscripts)

bookcase, bookshelf (furniture displaying books)

library (special room in the apartment with shelves of books)

(programming) library (collection of software routines for a program to use)


kometa

pl-noun

kometa f (diminutive kometka, related adjective komeciany or kometarny or kometowy)

kometka (diminutive)
komeciany (adjective)
kometarny (adjective)
kometowy (adjective)
kometa (nominative singular)
komety (nominative plural)
komety (genitive singular)
komet (genitive plural)
komecie (dative singular)
kometom (dative plural)
kometę (accusative singular)
komety (accusative plural)
kometą (instrumental singular)
kometami (instrumental plural)
komecie (locative singular)
kometach (locative plural)
kometo (singular vocative)
komety (plural vocative)

comet (small Solar System body consisting mainly of volatile ice, dust, and particles of rock whose very eccentric solar orbit periodically brings it close enough to the Sun that the ice vaporises to form an atmosphere, or coma, which may be blown by the solar wind to produce a visible tail)


ikebana

ikebana (nominative singular)
ikebany (genitive singular)
ikebanie (dative singular)
ikebanę (accusative singular)
ikebaną (instrumental singular)
ikebanie (locative singular)
ikebano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese 生け花 (いけばな, ikebana).


gira

girsko (augmentative)
gira (nominative singular)
giry (nominative plural)
giry (genitive singular)
gir (genitive plural)
girze (dative singular)
girom (dative plural)
girę (accusative singular)
giry (accusative plural)
girą (instrumental singular)
girami (instrumental plural)
girze (locative singular)
girach (locative plural)
giro (singular vocative)
giry (plural vocative)

Possibly inherited from Old Polish giża (“ham, buttock”), from Proto-Slavic *gyža (“stump”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúnˀźjāˀ (“clump”) (possibly *gū́ˀźjāˀ), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *genǵ- or *gunǵ- (“to clump, to curl”).


gira

gira (nominative singular)
giry (nominative plural)
giry (genitive singular)
gir (genitive plural)
girze (dative singular)
girom (dative plural)
girę (accusative singular)
giry (accusative plural)
girą (instrumental singular)
girami (instrumental plural)
girze (locative singular)
girach (locative plural)
giro (singular vocative)
giry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ги́ря (gírja), from Old East Slavic гыря (gyrja).

(Vilnius) weight (standardized block of metal used in a balance to measure the mass of another object)


parada

parada (nominative singular)
parady (nominative plural)
parady (genitive singular)
parad (genitive plural)
paradzie (dative singular)
paradom (dative plural)
paradę (accusative singular)
parady (accusative plural)
paradą (instrumental singular)
paradami (instrumental plural)
paradzie (locative singular)
paradach (locative plural)
parado (singular vocative)
parady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parade, from Spanish parada, from parar (“to halt, stop, get ready, prepare”), from Latin parare.

(military) parade (assembling of troops for inspection or to receive orders)


manta

manta (nominative singular)
manty (nominative plural)
manty (genitive singular)
mant (genitive plural)
mancie (dative singular)
mantom (dative plural)
mantę (accusative singular)
manty (accusative plural)
mantą (instrumental singular)
mantami (instrumental plural)
mancie (locative singular)
mantach (locative plural)
manto (singular vocative)
manty (plural vocative)


iwa

iwa (nominative singular)
iwy (nominative plural)
iwy (genitive singular)
iw (genitive plural)
iwie (dative singular)
iwom (dative plural)
iwę (accusative singular)
iwy (accusative plural)
iwą (instrumental singular)
iwami (instrumental plural)
iwie (locative singular)
iwach (locative plural)
iwo (singular vocative)
iwy (plural vocative)


iwa

marsh elder (any plant of the genus Iva)


liga

liga (nominative singular)
ligi (nominative plural)
ligi (genitive singular)
lig (genitive plural)
lidze (dative singular)
ligom (dative plural)
ligę (accusative singular)
ligi (accusative plural)
ligą (instrumental singular)
ligami (instrumental plural)
lidze (locative singular)
ligach (locative plural)
ligo (singular vocative)
ligi (plural vocative)

league (a group or association of cooperating members)


figura

figura (nominative singular)
figury (nominative plural)
figury (genitive singular)
figur (genitive plural)
figurze (dative singular)
figurom (dative plural)
figurę (accusative singular)
figury (accusative plural)
figurą (instrumental singular)
figurami (instrumental plural)
figurze (locative singular)
figurach (locative plural)
figuro (singular vocative)
figury (plural vocative)

(anatomy) figure (human figure; shape of human body)


apertura

apertura (nominative singular)
apertury (nominative plural)
apertury (genitive singular)
apertur (genitive plural)
aperturze (dative singular)
aperturom (dative plural)
aperturę (accusative singular)
apertury (accusative plural)
aperturą (instrumental singular)
aperturami (instrumental plural)
aperturze (locative singular)
aperturach (locative plural)
aperturo (singular vocative)
apertury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English aperture or French aperture, from Latin apertūra.

(optics) aperture (a hole which restricts the diameter of the lightpath through one plane in an optical system)