sprawa

pl-noun

sprawa f (diminutive sprawka, augmentative sprawina)

sprawka (diminutive)
sprawina (augmentative)
sprawa (nominative singular)
sprawy (nominative plural)
sprawy (genitive singular)
spraw (genitive plural)
sprawie (dative singular)
sprawom (dative plural)
sprawę (accusative singular)
sprawy (accusative plural)
sprawą (instrumental singular)
sprawami (instrumental plural)
sprawie (locative singular)
sprawach (locative plural)
sprawo (singular vocative)
sprawy (plural vocative)

→ Slovincian: sprawa

Inherited from Old Polish sprawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from sprawić.
Cognates
East Slavic cognates include Belarusian спра́ва (správa), Russian спра́ва (správa), and Ukrainian спра́ва (správa).
South Slavic cognates include Serbo-Croatian sprȁva/спра̏ва and Macedonian справа (sprava).
Western Slavic cognates include Kashubian sprawa, Silesian sprawa, Czech správa, and Slovak správa.

surf

Mam sprawę do ciebie.

I have something/a matter to discuss with you.

To, z kim wczoraj jadłaś obiad, nie jest moją sprawą.

Whom you ate lunch with yesterday is none of my business.

mieć sprawę

issue, affair, matter, business, thing (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)

mieć sprawę

Przeciwnie pociąganie dyscyplinarne urzędników i officyalistów wydziało sądowego […] nawet objawia się w trzech odmiennych formach ustalonych, które pod następującemi tytułami objąć należy, jako to: […] c, pociąganie sędziego do sprawy czyli do wynagrodzenia szkód wszelakich (prise a partie).

1844, August Heylman, Rys processu dyscyplinarnego sądowego, page 7

On the contrary, the disciplinary prosecution of burueacrats and officials of the court department […] even manifests itself in three different established forms, which should be included under the following titles, as: […] c, involving a judge to case that is to compensate for all kinds of damages (prise a partie).

Przy doniesieniach podejrzanych, gdzie motywy przestępstwa nie są jasne, nie można pracować w jednym kierunku, t. j. szukać dowodów przeciw podejrzanemu, lecz należy zbadać gruntownie wszystkie okoliczności, które tę sprawę mogą wyświetlić.

1920, Służba śledcza : podręcznik dla użytku policji państwowej., page 30

In the case of suspects' reports where the motives of the crime are not clear, one cannot work in one direction, i.e. look for evidence against the suspect, but it is necessary to thoroughly investigate all circumstances that may shed light on this case.

Początki sprawy sięgają czerwca ubiegłego roku, kiedy Marian K. wybrał się do zaprzyjaźnionej z Krobią holenderskiej gminy Schinnen.

2006, “ROZMAITOŚCI Z REGIONU”, in Gazeta Poznańska, Oficyna Wydawnicza Wielkopolski

The beginnings of the case date back to June last year, when Marian K. went to the Dutch commune of Schinnen, which was friends with Krobia.

+obj

przeciw przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom’

(law) case (legal proceeding) [with przeciw or przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom’], [with o (+ accusative) ‘what kind of case’]

Trzeba go było za wszelką cenę na jakiś czas unieszkodliwić, dlatego też poświęciłem się dla dobra sprawy i zaproponowałem mu, aby poszedł ze mną do parku na szczygły.

1946, Jan Brzechwa, Akademia pana Kleksa, Siedmioróg

It was necessary to neutralize him for some time at all costs, so I sacrificed myself for the sake/good of the cause and I suggested that he go with me to the park for goldfinches.

Oczywiście tak było trzeba i nadal jestem gotów służyć sprawie, ale może raz wreszcie po swojemu...

Of course, it was necessary and I am still ready to serve the cause, but maybe for once, finally in my own way...

Podkreślano szczególnie jego ofiarność dla sprawy narodowej w latach wojny.

1995, Michowicz Waldemar, Historia dyplomacji polskiej, PWN

His dedication to the national cause during the war years was particularly emphasized.

Takie spekulacje nie służą sprawie.

1993, Mieczysław Abramowicz, “GROŹNA ULICA”, in Gazeta Wyborcza, Agora S.A.

Such speculations do not serve the cause.

(literary) cause (difficult, important, or lofty task)

Czy decyduje o tym różnica fizyczna, czy psychiczna, czy jest to może sprawa przypadku?

1996, Marcin Ryszkiewicz, Przepis na człowieka, CiS

Is it a physical difference or a psychological one, or is it a matter of chance?

Zdziwił mnie ten niespodziewany patos, poruszyłem się niespokojnie i powiedziałem, że to przesada, o sercu lekarz nic nie mówił, to tylko sprawa czasu i wszystko będzie dobrze.

2000, Roman Antoszewski, Kariera na trzy karpie morskie, Philip Wilson

I was surprised by this unexpected pathos, I moved uneasily and said it was an exaggeration, the doctor didn't say anything about the heart, it was just a matter of time and everything would be fine.

Nie da się ukryć, że była to dla nas sprawa honoru. Zatrzymanym grozi kara do ośmiu lat pozbawienia wolności.

2000, Joanna Skrzypczak, Beata Tobiasz, “Policja zatrzymała wandali, którzy zniszczyli groby przy ul. Smętnej Szatan król”, in Gazeta Wrocławska, number 19/02

There is no denying that it was a matter of honor for us. The detainees face a penalty of up to eight years in prison.

Od żywca wolę rybi filet. Ale to rzecz jasna, sprawa gustu.

2002, Wasz wędkarz na emeryturze, “PORADY STAREGO WĘDKARZA”, in Dwutygodnik Szczecinecki Temat, number 329

I prefer fish fillet to live. But that's obviously a matter of taste.

(obsolete, hunting) insides, organs, entrails

(obsolete) ability to do something
(obsolete, by extension) profession

(obsolete, by extension) functionality, ability to work

ability to do something
functionality, ability to work

(obsolete, by extension) speech, ability to talk

ability to do something
speech, ability to talk

zdawać/zdać sprawę

(obsolete, finance) account (registry of pecuniary transactions)

sprawy żywotne

Wiemy teraz, że sprawy żywotne o ile są przywiązane do materyalnych atomów, podlegają tym samym prawom co i inne zjawiska świata martwego, uważamy teraz samą chorobę jako sprawę, jako nierozerwany szereg przeczyn i skutków, które powstają, działa i giną w ten sam sposób, jak prawidłowe objawy życia.

1869, Szymon Portner, O działaniu soli potażowych na krążenie krwi : rozprawa, page 2

We now know that organic chemical processes, insofar as they are attached to material atoms, are subject to the same laws as other phenomena of the inanimate world, we now regard disease itself as an affair, as an unbroken series of actions and effects, which arise, act, and die in the same way, as normal signs of life.

Ponieważ społeczeństwo posiada wszystkie cechy organizmu zwierzęcego; ponieważ wszystkie objawy jego życia mają ten sam charakter co i objawy życia zwierzęcego: przeto tak cały ustrój jego, jak i sprawy żywotne muszą powstawać i i dokonywać się samorzutnie tak jak się wytwarza organizm żyjący, jak się odbywają wszelkie fizyologiczne czynności.

Because society has all the characteristics of an animal organism; because all the symptoms of its life have the same character as those of animal life: therefore, its whole system as well as chemical processes must arise and take place spontaneously, just as a living organism is produced, as all physiological processes take place activities.

Cała sprawa jest skończona, wszystkie pyrenoidy połączone są z jądrem, bądź bezpośrednio przez pośrednictwo innych pyrenoidów.

1908, Władysław Mieczysław Kozłowski, Światłoczułość jądra i jego wpływ na procesy odżywcze w komórce = (Phototaxie du noyau cellulaire et son rôle dans le procès d'assimilation), page 206

The entire chemical process is finished, all of the pyrenoids are connected with a nucleus, either directly or through other pyrenoids.

(obsolete, theater) act (division of a theatrical performance)


sprawiedliwość

sprawiedliwość (nominative singular)
sprawiedliwości (genitive singular)
sprawiedliwości (dative singular)
sprawiedliwość (accusative singular)
sprawiedliwością (instrumental singular)
sprawiedliwości (locative singular)
sprawiedliwości (singular vocative)

fairness, justice (state of being just or fair)


ejakulacja

ejakulacja (nominative singular)
ejakulacje (nominative plural)
ejakulacji (genitive singular)
ejakulacji (genitive plural)
ejakulacyj (archaic genitive plural)
ejakulacji (dative singular)
ejakulacjom (dative plural)
ejakulację (accusative singular)
ejakulacje (accusative plural)
ejakulacją (instrumental singular)
ejakulacjami (instrumental plural)
ejakulacji (locative singular)
ejakulacjach (locative plural)
ejakulacjo (singular vocative)
ejakulacje (plural vocative)

ejaculation (ejection of semen through the urethra)


klientela

klientela (nominative singular)
klienteli (genitive singular)
klienteli (dative singular)
klientelę (accusative singular)
klientelą (instrumental singular)
klienteli (locative singular)
klientelo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French clientèle, from Latin clientēla.


czary

inflection of czara:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


otyłość

otyłość (nominative singular)
otyłości (genitive singular)
otyłości (dative singular)
otyłość (accusative singular)
otyłością (instrumental singular)
otyłości (locative singular)
otyłości (singular vocative)

/ɔˈtɨ.wɔɕt͡ɕ/


pantomima

pantomime, mime (form of acting without words)


Ziemia

Ziemia (nominative singular)
Ziemi (genitive singular)
Ziemi (dative singular)
Ziemię (accusative singular)
Ziemią (instrumental singular)
Ziemi (locative singular)
Ziemio (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zemľa (“earth, soil”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).


pietruszka

pl-noun

pietruszka f (augmentative pietrucha, related adjective pietruszkowy)

pietrucha (augmentative)
pietruszkowy (adjective)
pietruszka (nominative singular)
pietruszki (nominative plural)
pietruszki (genitive singular)
pietruszek (genitive plural)
pietruszce (dative singular)
pietruszkom (dative plural)
pietruszkę (accusative singular)
pietruszki (accusative plural)
pietruszką (instrumental singular)
pietruszkami (instrumental plural)
pietruszce (locative singular)
pietruszkach (locative plural)
pietruszko (singular vocative)
pietruszki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: пятру́шка (pjatrúška)

desctree

→ Russian: петру́шка (petrúška)
→ Ingrian: petruška

→ Ukrainian: петру́шка (petrúška)

desc

→ Yiddish: פּיעטרושקע (pyetrushke), פּעטרושקע (petrushke), פּעטרעשקע (petreshke), פּעטרישקע (petrishke)

Inherited from Old Polish piotruszka. Calque of Latin petroselīnum, from Ancient Greek πετροσέλῑνον (petrosélīnon). Displaced piotruziele and pietruziele, which are direct borrowings from Latin.

der

πετροσέλῑνον

Petroselinum crispum
Petroselinum crispum#Translingual


jabłoń

pl-noun

jabłoń f (diminutive jabłonka, related adjective jabłoniowy)

jabłonka (diminutive)
jabłoniowy (adjective)
jabłoń (nominative singular)
jabłonie (nominative plural)
jabłoni (genitive singular)
jabłoni (genitive plural)
jabłoni (dative singular)
jabłoniom (dative plural)
jabłoń (accusative singular)
jabłonie (accusative plural)
jabłonią (instrumental singular)
jabłoniami (instrumental plural)
jabłoni (locative singular)
jabłoniach (locative plural)
jabłoni (singular vocative)
jabłonie (plural vocative)

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

apple tree (any cultivar of the Malus domestica tree)


soja

sojowy (adjective)
soja (nominative singular)
soje (nominative plural)
soi (genitive singular)
soi (genitive plural)
soi (dative singular)
sojom (dative plural)
soję (accusative singular)
soje (accusative plural)
soją (instrumental singular)
sojami (instrumental plural)
soi (locative singular)
sojach (locative plural)
sojo (singular vocative)
soje (plural vocative)


gehenna

gehenna (nominative singular)
gehenny (nominative plural)
gehenny (genitive singular)
gehenn (genitive plural)
gehennie (dative singular)
gehennom (dative plural)
gehennę (accusative singular)
gehenny (accusative plural)
gehenną (instrumental singular)
gehennami (instrumental plural)
gehennie (locative singular)
gehennach (locative plural)
gehenno (singular vocative)
gehenny (plural vocative)


Eugenia

pl-proper noun

Eugenia f (male equivalent Eugeniusz, diminutive Genia)

Eugeniusz (masculine)
Genia (diminutive)
Eugenia (nominative singular)
Eugenie (nominative plural)
Eugenii (genitive singular)
Eugenii (genitive plural)
Eugenij (archaic genitive plural)
Eugenii (dative singular)
Eugeniom (dative plural)
Eugenię (accusative singular)
Eugenie (accusative plural)
Eugenią (instrumental singular)
Eugeniami (instrumental plural)
Eugenii (locative singular)
Eugeniach (locative plural)
Eugenio (singular vocative)
Eugenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Εὐγενία (Eugenía), feminine form of Εὐγένιος (Eugénios).

lbor

a female given name, equivalent to English Eugenia


Aurelia

pl-proper noun

Aurelia f (male equivalent Aureli or Aureliusz)

Aureli (masculine)
Aureliusz (masculine)
Aurelia (nominative singular)
Aurelie (nominative plural)
Aurelii (genitive singular)
Aurelii (genitive plural)
Aurelij (archaic genitive plural)
Aurelii (dative singular)
Aureliom (dative plural)
Aurelię (accusative singular)
Aurelie (accusative plural)
Aurelią (instrumental singular)
Aureliami (instrumental plural)
Aurelii (locative singular)
Aureliach (locative plural)
Aurelio (singular vocative)
Aurelie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Aurelia


statuetka

statuetka (nominative singular)
statuetki (nominative plural)
statuetki (genitive singular)
statuetek (genitive plural)
statuetce (dative singular)
statuetkom (dative plural)
statuetkę (accusative singular)
statuetki (accusative plural)
statuetką (instrumental singular)
statuetkami (instrumental plural)
statuetce (locative singular)
statuetkach (locative plural)
statuetko (singular vocative)
statuetki (plural vocative)


randka

randka (nominative singular)
randki (nominative plural)
randki (genitive singular)
randek (genitive plural)
randce (dative singular)
randkom (dative plural)
randkę (accusative singular)
randki (accusative plural)
randką (instrumental singular)
randkami (instrumental plural)
randce (locative singular)
randkach (locative plural)
randko (singular vocative)
randki (plural vocative)


Jokohama

Jokohama f (related adjective jokohamski)

jokohamski (adjective)
Jokohama (nominative singular)
Jokohamy (genitive singular)
Jokohamie (dative singular)
Jokohamę (accusative singular)
Jokohamą (instrumental singular)
Jokohamie (locative singular)
Jokohamo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese 横(よこ)浜(はま) (Yokohama).

Yokohama (the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


-ula

-ula (nominative singular)
-ule (nominative plural)
-uli (genitive singular)
-ul (genitive plural)
-uli (dative singular)
-ulom (dative plural)
-ulę (accusative singular)
-ule (accusative plural)
-ulą (instrumental singular)
-ulami (instrumental plural)
-uli (locative singular)
-ulach (locative plural)
-ulo (singular vocative)
-ule (plural vocative)

baba + -ula → babula


elita

elita (nominative singular)
elity (nominative plural)
elity (genitive singular)
elit (genitive plural)
elicie (dative singular)
elitom (dative plural)
elitę (accusative singular)
elity (accusative plural)
elitą (instrumental singular)
elitami (instrumental plural)
elicie (locative singular)
elitach (locative plural)
elito (singular vocative)
elity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Elite, from French élite. Doublet of elekt (“elect”).


walizka

walizeczka (diminutive)
walizka (nominative singular)
walizki (nominative plural)
walizki (genitive singular)
walizek (genitive plural)
walizce (dative singular)
walizkom (dative plural)
walizkę (accusative singular)
walizki (accusative plural)
walizką (instrumental singular)
walizkami (instrumental plural)
walizce (locative singular)
walizkach (locative plural)
walizko (singular vocative)
walizki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: валі́зка (valízka)

→ Ukrainian: валі́зка (valízka)


triera

triera (nominative singular)
triery (nominative plural)
triery (genitive singular)
trier (genitive plural)
trierze (dative singular)
trierom (dative plural)
trierę (accusative singular)
triery (accusative plural)
trierą (instrumental singular)
trierami (instrumental plural)
trierze (locative singular)
trierach (locative plural)
triero (singular vocative)
triery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τριήρης (triḗrēs).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) Ancient Greek trireme


Gujana

Gujana (nominative singular)
Gujany (genitive singular)
Gujanie (dative singular)
Gujanę (accusative singular)
Gujaną (instrumental singular)
Gujanie (locative singular)
Gujano (singular vocative)


Republika Czeska

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


bitwa

+obj

:między/:pomiędzy(ins)<between whom and whom>

między pomiędzy (+ instrumental) ‘between whom and whom’

[with między or pomiędzy (+ instrumental) ‘between whom and whom’]

bitewka (diminutive)
bitwa (nominative singular)
bitwy (nominative plural)
bitwy (genitive singular)
bitew (genitive plural)
bitw (genitive plural)
bitwie (dative singular)
bitwom (dative plural)
bitwę (accusative singular)
bitwy (accusative plural)
bitwą (instrumental singular)
bitwami (instrumental plural)
bitwie (locative singular)
bitwach (locative plural)
bitwo (singular vocative)
bitwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bitwa, from Proto-Slavic *bìtva. By surface analysis, bić + -twa.

(military) battle (general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement) [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘of what river’], [with pod (+ instrumental) ‘of what geographic location’]

fight, brawl, struggle (physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups)

battle, fight (nonphysical conflict, with opposing ideas or forces; strife.)


Celina

Celina (nominative singular)
Celiny (nominative plural)
Celiny (genitive singular)
Celin (genitive plural)
Celinie (dative singular)
Celinom (dative plural)
Celinę (accusative singular)
Celiny (accusative plural)
Celiną (instrumental singular)
Celinami (instrumental plural)
Celinie (locative singular)
Celinach (locative plural)
Celino (singular vocative)
Celiny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French Céline, from Latin Caelīna, Coelīna.

a female given name from French [in turn from Latin], equivalent to English Celine


Celina

Celina (nominative singular)
Celiny (genitive singular)
Celinie (dative singular)
Celinę (accusative singular)
Celiną (instrumental singular)
Celinie (locative singular)
Celino (singular vocative)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Celina (a village in the Gmina of Kobiele Wielkie, Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Celina (a village in the Gmina of Jelcz-Laskowice, Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


lawa

lawa (nominative singular)
lawy (nominative plural)
lawy (genitive singular)
law (genitive plural)
lawie (dative singular)
lawom (dative plural)
lawę (accusative singular)
lawy (accusative plural)
lawą (instrumental singular)
lawami (instrumental plural)
lawie (locative singular)
lawach (locative plural)
lawo (singular vocative)
lawy (plural vocative)

lava (molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides)


spojówka

spojówka (nominative singular)
spojówki (nominative plural)
spojówki (genitive singular)
spojówek (genitive plural)
spojówce (dative singular)
spojówkom (dative plural)
spojówkę (accusative singular)
spojówki (accusative plural)
spojówką (instrumental singular)
spojówkami (instrumental plural)
spojówce (locative singular)
spojówkach (locative plural)
spojówko (singular vocative)
spojówki (plural vocative)

zapalenie spojówek


fizjonomia

fizjonomia (nominative singular)
fizjonomie (nominative plural)
fizjonomii (genitive singular)
fizjonomii (genitive plural)
fizjonomij (archaic genitive plural)
fizjonomii (dative singular)
fizjonomiom (dative plural)
fizjonomię (accusative singular)
fizjonomie (accusative plural)
fizjonomią (instrumental singular)
fizjonomiami (instrumental plural)
fizjonomii (locative singular)
fizjonomiach (locative plural)
fizjonomio (singular vocative)
fizjonomie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French physionomie, from Late Latin physionomia, from Ancient Greek φυσιογνωμίᾱ (phusiognōmíā).

der

(anatomy) physiognomy (the face or countenance)

physiognomy (the general appearance or aspect of a thing)


młodość

młodość (nominative singular)
młodości (genitive singular)
młodości (dative singular)
młodość (accusative singular)
młodością (instrumental singular)
młodości (locative singular)
młodości (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *moldostь. By surface analysis, młody + -ość.


protekcja

protekcja (nominative singular)
protekcje (nominative plural)
protekcji (genitive singular)
protekcji (genitive plural)
protekcyj (archaic genitive plural)
protekcji (dative singular)
protekcjom (dative plural)
protekcję (accusative singular)
protekcje (accusative plural)
protekcją (instrumental singular)
protekcjami (instrumental plural)
protekcji (locative singular)
protekcjach (locative plural)
protekcjo (singular vocative)
protekcje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin prōtēctiō.


opieka

opieka (nominative singular)
opieki (genitive singular)
opiece (dative singular)
opiekę (accusative singular)
opieką (instrumental singular)
opiece (locative singular)
opieko (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)peka, from *opeťi, from *ob + *peťi (“to bake”). By surface analysis, opiec + -a.


ablacja

ablacja (nominative singular)
ablacje (nominative plural)
ablacji (genitive singular)
ablacji (genitive plural)
ablacyj (archaic genitive plural)
ablacji (dative singular)
ablacjom (dative plural)
ablację (accusative singular)
ablacje (accusative plural)
ablacją (instrumental singular)
ablacjami (instrumental plural)
ablacji (locative singular)
ablacjach (locative plural)
ablacjo (singular vocative)
ablacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ablātiō. First attested in 1859.

ref

Michał Amszejewicz (1859) Dykcjonarz zawierający: wyrazy i wyrażenia z obcych języków polskiemu przyswojone, a mianowicie: w umiejętnościach, sztukach, tudzież w stylu prawniczym, administracyjnym, gazeciarskim, naukowo-filozoficznym, literackim i w potocznéj mowie używane (in Polish), page 6

ablacja lodowca/lodowcowa

ablacja powierzchniowa

(geology) ablation (the removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation; the lowering of a land surface by any of several means, as in wind erosion or mass wasting)

(meteorology) ablation (the depletion of surface snow and ice from a spacecraft or meteorite through melting and evaporation caused by friction with the atmosphere)

ablacja serca

(surgery) ablation (the surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation)


czapla

pl-noun

czapla f (diminutive czapelka, related adjective czapli or czaplowy)

czapelka (diminutive)
czapli (adjective)
czaplowy (adjective)
czapla (nominative singular)
czaple (nominative plural)
czapli (genitive singular)
czapli (genitive plural)
czapel (genitive plural)
czapli (dative singular)
czaplom (dative plural)
czaplę (accusative singular)
czaple (accusative plural)
czaplą (instrumental singular)
czaplami (instrumental plural)
czapli (locative singular)
czaplach (locative plural)
czaplo (singular vocative)
czaple (plural vocative)


żmija

żmija f (diminutive żmijka, augmentative żmiisko or żmijsko)

żmijka (diminutive)
żmiisko (augmentative)
żmijsko (augmentative)
żmija (nominative singular)
żmije (nominative plural)
żmii (genitive singular)
żmij (genitive plural)
żmii (dative singular)
żmijom (dative plural)
żmiję (accusative singular)
żmije (accusative plural)
żmiją (instrumental singular)
żmijami (instrumental plural)
żmii (locative singular)
żmijach (locative plural)
żmijo (singular vocative)
żmije (plural vocative)

viper, adder, especially a viperine (snake of the subfamily Viperinae)


ważka

ważka (nominative singular)
ważki (nominative plural)
ważki (genitive singular)
ważek (genitive plural)
ważce (dative singular)
ważkom (dative plural)
ważkę (accusative singular)
ważki (accusative plural)
ważką (instrumental singular)
ważkami (instrumental plural)
ważce (locative singular)
ważkach (locative plural)
ważko (singular vocative)
ważki (plural vocative)

From waga + -ka. Calque of New Latin lībellula.


sardynka

sardynka f (related adjective sardynkowy)

sardynkowy (adjective)
sardynka (nominative singular)
sardynki (nominative plural)
sardynki (genitive singular)
sardynek (genitive plural)
sardynce (dative singular)
sardynkom (dative plural)
sardynkę (accusative singular)
sardynki (accusative plural)
sardynką (instrumental singular)
sardynkami (instrumental plural)
sardynce (locative singular)
sardynkach (locative plural)
sardynko (singular vocative)
sardynki (plural vocative)


szarańcza

szarańcza (nominative singular)
szarańcze (nominative plural)
szarańczy (genitive singular)
szarańczy (genitive plural)
szarańczy (dative singular)
szarańczom (dative plural)
szarańczę (accusative singular)
szarańcze (accusative plural)
szarańczą (instrumental singular)
szarańczami (instrumental plural)
szarańczy (locative singular)
szarańczach (locative plural)
szarańczo (singular vocative)
szarańcze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian саранча́ (sarančá), from a Turkic language. Displaced Old Polish kobyłka, krówka and skoczek.

displaced

(colloquial, derogatory) a group of holidaymakers behaving noisily and destroying everything around them


latarka

latarka (nominative singular)
latarki (nominative plural)
latarki (genitive singular)
latarek (genitive plural)
latarce (dative singular)
latarkom (dative plural)
latarkę (accusative singular)
latarki (accusative plural)
latarką (instrumental singular)
latarkami (instrumental plural)
latarce (locative singular)
latarkach (locative plural)
latarko (singular vocative)
latarki (plural vocative)


leluja

leluja (nominative singular)
leluje (nominative plural)
lelui (genitive singular)
leluj (genitive plural)
lelui (dative singular)
lelujom (dative plural)
leluję (accusative singular)
leluje (accusative plural)
lelują (instrumental singular)
lelujami (instrumental plural)
lelui (locative singular)
lelujach (locative plural)
lelujo (singular vocative)
leluje (plural vocative)

(ethnology) motive used in folk art in the shape of a lily


ławka

ławeczka (diminutive)
ławka (nominative singular)
ławki (nominative plural)
ławki (genitive singular)
ławek (genitive plural)
ławce (dative singular)
ławkom (dative plural)
ławkę (accusative singular)
ławki (accusative plural)
ławką (instrumental singular)
ławkami (instrumental plural)
ławce (locative singular)
ławkach (locative plural)
ławko (singular vocative)
ławki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lavъka. By surface analysis, ława + -ka.


jaszczurka

pl-noun

jaszczurka f (diminutive jaszczureczka, augmentative jaszczur)

jaszczureczka (diminutive)
jaszczur (augmentative)
jaszczurka (nominative singular)
jaszczurki (nominative plural)
jaszczurki (genitive singular)
jaszczurek (genitive plural)
jaszczurce (dative singular)
jaszczurkom (dative plural)
jaszczurkę (accusative singular)
jaszczurki (accusative plural)
jaszczurką (instrumental singular)
jaszczurkami (instrumental plural)
jaszczurce (locative singular)
jaszczurkach (locative plural)
jaszczurko (singular vocative)
jaszczurki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish jaszczórka, jeszczórka, from Proto-Slavic *aščerъka, *ěščerъka. By surface analysis, jaszczur + -ka.


nowość

nowość (nominative singular)
nowości (nominative plural)
nowości (genitive singular)
nowości (genitive plural)
nowości (dative singular)
nowościom (dative plural)
nowość (accusative singular)
nowości (accusative plural)
nowością (instrumental singular)
nowościami (instrumental plural)
nowości (locative singular)
nowościach (locative plural)
nowości (singular vocative)
nowości (plural vocative)

/ˈnɔ.vɔɕt͡ɕ/


rybitwa

rybitwa (nominative singular)
rybitwy (nominative plural)
rybitwy (genitive singular)
rybitw (genitive plural)
rybitwie (dative singular)
rybitwom (dative plural)
rybitwę (accusative singular)
rybitwy (accusative plural)
rybitwą (instrumental singular)
rybitwami (instrumental plural)
rybitwie (locative singular)
rybitwach (locative plural)
rybitwo (singular vocative)
rybitwy (plural vocative)

tern (any bird of the subfamily Sterninae)


lesbijka

pl-noun

lesbijka f (related adjective lesbijski)

lesbijski (adjective)
lesbijka (nominative singular)
lesbijki (nominative plural)
lesbijki (genitive singular)
lesbijek (genitive plural)
lesbijce (dative singular)
lesbijkom (dative plural)
lesbijkę (accusative singular)
lesbijki (accusative plural)
lesbijką (instrumental singular)
lesbijkami (instrumental plural)
lesbijce (locative singular)
lesbijkach (locative plural)
lesbijko (singular vocative)
lesbijki (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: gej


podeszwa

podeszwa (nominative singular)
podeszwy (nominative plural)
podeszwy (genitive singular)
podeszew (genitive plural)
podeszwie (dative singular)
podeszwom (dative plural)
podeszwę (accusative singular)
podeszwy (accusative plural)
podeszwą (instrumental singular)
podeszwami (instrumental plural)
podeszwie (locative singular)
podeszwach (locative plural)
podeszwo (singular vocative)
podeszwy (plural vocative)


Sardynia

Sardynia (nominative singular)
Sardynii (genitive singular)
Sardynii (dative singular)
Sardynię (accusative singular)
Sardynią (instrumental singular)
Sardynii (locative singular)
Sardynio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Sardegna, from Latin Sardinia, from Ancient Greek Σαρδώ (Sardṓ).

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


popielniczka

popielniczka f (augmentative popielnica)

popielnica (augmentative)
popielniczka (nominative singular)
popielniczki (nominative plural)
popielniczki (genitive singular)
popielniczek (genitive plural)
popielniczce (dative singular)
popielniczkom (dative plural)
popielniczkę (accusative singular)
popielniczki (accusative plural)
popielniczką (instrumental singular)
popielniczkami (instrumental plural)
popielniczce (locative singular)
popielniczkach (locative plural)
popielniczko (singular vocative)
popielniczki (plural vocative)


sikora

sikorka (diminutive)
sikora (nominative singular)
sikory (nominative plural)
sikory (genitive singular)
sikor (genitive plural)
sikorze (dative singular)
sikorom (dative plural)
sikorę (accusative singular)
sikory (accusative plural)
sikorą (instrumental singular)
sikorami (instrumental plural)
sikorze (locative singular)
sikorach (locative plural)
sikoro (singular vocative)
sikory (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sykora, from *sykati.

chickadee, tit, titmouse (various species of birds of the family Paridae)


metalurgia

metalurgia (nominative singular)
metalurgii (genitive singular)
metalurgii (dative singular)
metalurgię (accusative singular)
metalurgią (instrumental singular)
metalurgii (locative singular)
metalurgio (singular vocative)


katedra

katedra (nominative singular)
katedry (nominative plural)
katedry (genitive singular)
katedr (genitive plural)
katedrze (dative singular)
katedrom (dative plural)
katedrę (accusative singular)
katedry (accusative plural)
katedrą (instrumental singular)
katedrami (instrumental plural)
katedrze (locative singular)
katedrach (locative plural)
katedro (singular vocative)
katedry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).

(architecture, Roman Catholicism) cathedral

(education) chair (professorial position at a university)

(education) department, laboratory (organizational unit at a university dealing with a specific research subject)


sinica

sinica (nominative singular)
sinice (nominative plural)
sinicy (genitive singular)
sinic (genitive plural)
sinicy (dative singular)
sinicom (dative plural)
sinicę (accusative singular)
sinice (accusative plural)
sinicą (instrumental singular)
sinicami (instrumental plural)
sinicy (locative singular)
sinicach (locative plural)
sinico (singular vocative)
sinice (plural vocative)

(countable) cyanobacterium, blue-green alga (any bacterium of the phylum Cyanobacteria)

(countable) any grasshopper of the genus Aiolopus

(uncountable, pathology) cyanosis (blue discoloration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen)


okaryna

okaryna (nominative singular)
okaryny (nominative plural)
okaryny (genitive singular)
okaryn (genitive plural)
okarynie (dative singular)
okarynom (dative plural)
okarynę (accusative singular)
okaryny (accusative plural)
okaryną (instrumental singular)
okarynami (instrumental plural)
okarynie (locative singular)
okarynach (locative plural)
okaryno (singular vocative)
okaryny (plural vocative)


szczerość

szczerość (nominative singular)
szczerości (genitive singular)
szczerości (dative singular)
szczerość (accusative singular)
szczerością (instrumental singular)
szczerości (locative singular)
szczerości (singular vocative)

/ˈʂt͡ʂɛ.rɔɕt͡ɕ/


koszykówka

koszykówka (nominative singular)
koszykówki (genitive singular)
koszykówce (dative singular)
koszykówkę (accusative singular)
koszykówką (instrumental singular)
koszykówce (locative singular)
koszykówko (singular vocative)


przeszłość

przeszłość (nominative singular)
przeszłości (genitive singular)
przeszłości (dative singular)
przeszłość (accusative singular)
przeszłością (instrumental singular)
przeszłości (locative singular)
przeszłości (singular vocative)

/ˈpʂɛʂ.wɔɕt͡ɕ/

past (period of time that has already happened, in contrast to the present and the future)


wielkość

wielkość (nominative singular)
wielkości (nominative plural)
wielkości (genitive singular)
wielkości (genitive plural)
wielkości (dative singular)
wielkościom (dative plural)
wielkość (accusative singular)
wielkości (accusative plural)
wielkością (instrumental singular)
wielkościami (instrumental plural)
wielkości (locative singular)
wielkościach (locative plural)
wielkości (singular vocative)
wielkości (plural vocative)


konstytucja

konstytucja f (diminutive konstytucyjka)

konstytucyjka (diminutive)
konstytucja (nominative singular)
konstytucje (nominative plural)
konstytucji (genitive singular)
konstytucji (genitive plural)
konstytucyj (archaic genitive plural)
konstytucji (dative singular)
konstytucjom (dative plural)
konstytucję (accusative singular)
konstytucje (accusative plural)
konstytucją (instrumental singular)
konstytucjami (instrumental plural)
konstytucji (locative singular)
konstytucjach (locative plural)
konstytucjo (singular vocative)
konstytucje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnstitūtiō.


choinka

pl-noun

choinka f (diminutive choineczka, augmentative choina)

choineczka (diminutive)
choina (augmentative)
choinka (nominative singular)
choinki (nominative plural)
choinki (genitive singular)
choinek (genitive plural)
choince (dative singular)
choinkom (dative plural)
choinkę (accusative singular)
choinki (accusative plural)
choinką (instrumental singular)
choinkami (instrumental plural)
choince (locative singular)
choinkach (locative plural)
choinko (singular vocative)
choinki (plural vocative)


dekomercjalizacja

dekomercjalizacja (nominative singular)
dekomercjalizacje (nominative plural)
dekomercjalizacji (genitive singular)
dekomercjalizacji (genitive plural)
dekomercjalizacyj (archaic genitive plural)
dekomercjalizacji (dative singular)
dekomercjalizacjom (dative plural)
dekomercjalizację (accusative singular)
dekomercjalizacje (accusative plural)
dekomercjalizacją (instrumental singular)
dekomercjalizacjami (instrumental plural)
dekomercjalizacji (locative singular)
dekomercjalizacjach (locative plural)
dekomercjalizacjo (singular vocative)
dekomercjalizacje (plural vocative)


komercjalizacja

komercjalizacja (nominative singular)
komercjalizacje (nominative plural)
komercjalizacji (genitive singular)
komercjalizacji (genitive plural)
komercjalizacyj (archaic genitive plural)
komercjalizacji (dative singular)
komercjalizacjom (dative plural)
komercjalizację (accusative singular)
komercjalizacje (accusative plural)
komercjalizacją (instrumental singular)
komercjalizacjami (instrumental plural)
komercjalizacji (locative singular)
komercjalizacjach (locative plural)
komercjalizacjo (singular vocative)
komercjalizacje (plural vocative)


maszyna

maszyna f (diminutive maszynka, related adjective maszynowy)

maszynka (diminutive)
maszynowy (adjective)
maszyna (nominative singular)
maszyny (nominative plural)
maszyny (genitive singular)
maszyn (genitive plural)
maszynie (dative singular)
maszynom (dative plural)
maszynę (accusative singular)
maszyny (accusative plural)
maszyną (instrumental singular)
maszynami (instrumental plural)
maszynie (locative singular)
maszynach (locative plural)
maszyno (singular vocative)
maszyny (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: maszëna

Borrowed from German Maschine. First attested in 1788. Doublet of machina (“heavy machinery, complex system”).

ref

Głos Obywatela Dobrze Swey Oyczyznie Zyczącego Do Narodu Polskiego Za Dobrem Publicznym, Przeciwko Prywatnemu Y Wszelkiey Niesłusznosci : Dla Krotszego w Nim Rzeczy Zebranych Wyrazu Rymem Ułozony Y Do Druku Podany (in Polish), 1788, page 215

doublet

(technology) machine (device with many parts usually for a specific task) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

(colloquial) machine (vehicle operated mechanically, such as an automobile or an airplane)

(derogatory) machine (person that acts like a machine; emotionless but effective) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

machine (complex organizational structure that performs specific activities)

(firearms) machine gun (automatic firearm)

(obsolete, computing) machine; computer (especially in the 20th century, device for processing information)

(obsolete, cooking) type of stove used in the 19th and 20th centuries made of brick or tiles with a countertop and stove lid


rdza

rdza (nominative singular)
rdzy (genitive singular)
rdzy (dative singular)
rdzę (accusative singular)
rdzą (instrumental singular)
rdzy (locative singular)
rdzo (singular vocative)

rust (result of oxidation of steel or iron)


dekada

dekada (nominative singular)
dekady (nominative plural)
dekady (genitive singular)
dekad (genitive plural)
dekadzie (dative singular)
dekadom (dative plural)
dekadę (accusative singular)
dekady (accusative plural)
dekadą (instrumental singular)
dekadami (instrumental plural)
dekadzie (locative singular)
dekadach (locative plural)
dekado (singular vocative)
dekady (plural vocative)


zabawa

zabawowy (adjective)
zabawa (nominative singular)
zabawy (nominative plural)
zabawy (genitive singular)
zabaw (genitive plural)
zabawie (dative singular)
zabawom (dative plural)
zabawę (accusative singular)
zabawy (accusative plural)
zabawą (instrumental singular)
zabawami (instrumental plural)
zabawie (locative singular)
zabawach (locative plural)
zabawo (singular vocative)
zabawy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zabawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from zabawić.

surf

+obj

ins<with what (object enabling play)> + :z(ins)<with whom/what> + :w(acc)<of what (game being played)>

fun, amusement; game (all activities done in order to spend time in a pleasant way) [with instrumental ‘with what (object enabling play)’ and z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom/what’ and w (+ accusative) ‘of what (game being played)’]

party (gathering of usually invited guests for entertainment, fun and socializing)

play (act of dealing with something clumsily due to being prepared) [with w (+ accusative) ‘what’]

(obsolete) employment; activity, engagement; job (that with which one engages)

(obsolete) activity (act of engaging with something)


łopata

łopatka (diminutive)
łopata (nominative singular)
łopaty (nominative plural)
łopaty (genitive singular)
łopat (genitive plural)
łopacie (dative singular)
łopatom (dative plural)
łopatę (accusative singular)
łopaty (accusative plural)
łopatą (instrumental singular)
łopatami (instrumental plural)
łopacie (locative singular)
łopatach (locative plural)
łopato (singular vocative)
łopaty (plural vocative)

(hunting) antler of an elk or fallow deer


próba

próba (nominative singular)
próby (nominative plural)
próby (genitive singular)
prób (genitive plural)
próbie (dative singular)
próbom (dative plural)
próbę (accusative singular)
próby (accusative plural)
próbą (instrumental singular)
próbami (instrumental plural)
próbie (locative singular)
próbach (locative plural)
próbo (singular vocative)
próby (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: próba

→ Masurian: próba

→ Slovincian: próba

Borrowed from German Probe. First attested in the 16th century. Cognate with English proof, probe.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “próba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

attempt, effort try (something done in the aim of accomplishing something)

(theater) rehearsal (practicing of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done)

trial, test (action intended to check something)

sample (small amount of something taken for analysis)

(metallurgy) fineness (ratio, in a precious metal, of the primary metal to any additives or impurities)

(statistics, sciences) sample (subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population)

attempt, effort try; sample, fruit (result of someone's attempts)

proof (effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth)


misja

misja (nominative singular)
misje (nominative plural)
misji (genitive singular)
misji (genitive plural)
misyj (archaic genitive plural)
misji (dative singular)
misjom (dative plural)
misję (accusative singular)
misje (accusative plural)
misją (instrumental singular)
misjami (instrumental plural)
misji (locative singular)
misjach (locative plural)
misjo (singular vocative)
misje (plural vocative)


aukcja

aukcyjny (adjective)
aukcja (nominative singular)
aukcje (nominative plural)
aukcji (genitive singular)
aukcji (genitive plural)
aukcyj (archaic genitive plural)
aukcji (dative singular)
aukcjom (dative plural)
aukcję (accusative singular)
aukcje (accusative plural)
aukcją (instrumental singular)
aukcjami (instrumental plural)
aukcji (locative singular)
aukcjach (locative plural)
aukcjo (singular vocative)
aukcje (plural vocative)

auction (public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder)


panika

panika (nominative singular)
paniki (genitive singular)
panice (dative singular)
panikę (accusative singular)
paniką (instrumental singular)
panice (locative singular)
paniko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French panique, from Middle French panique, from Ancient Greek πανικός (panikós).


deflacja

deflacja (nominative singular)
deflacje (nominative plural)
deflacji (genitive singular)
deflacji (genitive plural)
deflacyj (archaic genitive plural)
deflacji (dative singular)
deflacjom (dative plural)
deflację (accusative singular)
deflacje (accusative plural)
deflacją (instrumental singular)
deflacjami (instrumental plural)
deflacji (locative singular)
deflacjach (locative plural)
deflacjo (singular vocative)
deflacje (plural vocative)

(economics) deflation (decrease in the general price level)


inflacja

inflacja (nominative singular)
inflacje (nominative plural)
inflacji (genitive singular)
inflacji (genitive plural)
inflacyj (archaic genitive plural)
inflacji (dative singular)
inflacjom (dative plural)
inflację (accusative singular)
inflacje (accusative plural)
inflacją (instrumental singular)
inflacjami (instrumental plural)
inflacji (locative singular)
inflacjach (locative plural)
inflacjo (singular vocative)
inflacje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French inflation, from Old French inflation, from Latin īnflātiō.

(economics) inflation (decline in the value of money)


głagolica

głagolica (nominative singular)
głagolicy (genitive singular)
głagolicy (dative singular)
głagolicę (accusative singular)
głagolicą (instrumental singular)
głagolicy (locative singular)
głagolico (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian glagoljica, from Old Church Slavonic glagolъ (glagolŭ).


animacja

animacja (nominative singular)
animacje (nominative plural)
animacji (genitive singular)
animacji (genitive plural)
animacyj (archaic genitive plural)
animacji (dative singular)
animacjom (dative plural)
animację (accusative singular)
animacje (accusative plural)
animacją (instrumental singular)
animacjami (instrumental plural)
animacji (locative singular)
animacjach (locative plural)
animacjo (singular vocative)
animacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin animātiō. First attested in 1690.

Krystyna Siekierska (24.01.2020) “ANIMACJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(animation, film) animated cartoon, animation

Musimy zmienić animację otwierania menu, obecna jest denerwująco wolna.

We have to change the menu opening animation, the current one is annoyingly slow.

(computing) animation (motion design in computer systems)

(theater) puppeteering (act of moving puppets in a puppet show)

(literary) animation (actions designed to make someone livelier)

(tourism) animation (activities aimed at a group of people)

(Middle Polish) exciting someone for battle


rugi

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of ruga:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


melisa

melisa (nominative singular)
melisy (nominative plural)
melisy (genitive singular)
melis (genitive plural)
melisie (dative singular)
melisom (dative plural)
melisę (accusative singular)
melisy (accusative plural)
melisą (instrumental singular)
melisami (instrumental plural)
melisie (locative singular)
melisach (locative plural)
meliso (singular vocative)
melisy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin melissa, from Ancient Greek μέλισσα (mélissa).

lbor

lemon balm, melissa (any plant of the genus Melissa)


informatyka

pl-noun

informatyka f (related adjective informatyczny)

informatyczny (adjective)
informatyka (nominative singular)
informatyki (nominative plural)
informatyki (genitive singular)
informatyk (genitive plural)
informatyce (dative singular)
informatykom (dative plural)
informatykę (accusative singular)
informatyki (accusative plural)
informatyką (instrumental singular)
informatykami (instrumental plural)
informatyce (locative singular)
informatykach (locative plural)
informatyko (singular vocative)
informatyki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare French informatique, German Informatik, Russian информа́тика (informátika).

cog

информа́тика

(uncountable, computer science) computer science (study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation)

(uncountable, computer science, education) computer science (degree course or major at a university)

(uncountable, computer science, education) computer science department at a university

(uncountable, computer science, education) computer science (school subject)

(countable, computer science, education) computer science class

(uncountable, computer science) computer science department (separate part of an enterprise, company, or institution that deals with the operation of computer systems)


depalatalizacja

depalatalizacja (nominative singular)
depalatalizacje (nominative plural)
depalatalizacji (genitive singular)
depalatalizacji (genitive plural)
depalatalizacyj (archaic genitive plural)
depalatalizacji (dative singular)
depalatalizacjom (dative plural)
depalatalizację (accusative singular)
depalatalizacje (accusative plural)
depalatalizacją (instrumental singular)
depalatalizacjami (instrumental plural)
depalatalizacji (locative singular)
depalatalizacjach (locative plural)
depalatalizacjo (singular vocative)
depalatalizacje (plural vocative)


dyspalatalizacja

dyspalatalizacja (nominative singular)
dyspalatalizacje (nominative plural)
dyspalatalizacji (genitive singular)
dyspalatalizacji (genitive plural)
dyspalatalizacyj (archaic genitive plural)
dyspalatalizacji (dative singular)
dyspalatalizacjom (dative plural)
dyspalatalizację (accusative singular)
dyspalatalizacje (accusative plural)
dyspalatalizacją (instrumental singular)
dyspalatalizacjami (instrumental plural)
dyspalatalizacji (locative singular)
dyspalatalizacjach (locative plural)
dyspalatalizacjo (singular vocative)
dyspalatalizacje (plural vocative)


palatalizacja

palatalizacja (nominative singular)
palatalizacje (nominative plural)
palatalizacji (genitive singular)
palatalizacji (genitive plural)
palatalizacyj (archaic genitive plural)
palatalizacji (dative singular)
palatalizacjom (dative plural)
palatalizację (accusative singular)
palatalizacje (accusative plural)
palatalizacją (instrumental singular)
palatalizacjami (instrumental plural)
palatalizacji (locative singular)
palatalizacjach (locative plural)
palatalizacjo (singular vocative)
palatalizacje (plural vocative)


kantata

kantata (nominative singular)
kantaty (nominative plural)
kantaty (genitive singular)
kantat (genitive plural)
kantacie (dative singular)
kantatom (dative plural)
kantatę (accusative singular)
kantaty (accusative plural)
kantatą (instrumental singular)
kantatami (instrumental plural)
kantacie (locative singular)
kantatach (locative plural)
kantato (singular vocative)
kantaty (plural vocative)


artykulacja

artykulacja (nominative singular)
artykulacji (genitive singular)
artykulacji (dative singular)
artykulację (accusative singular)
artykulacją (instrumental singular)
artykulacji (locative singular)
artykulacjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō.

lbor

miejsce artykulacji

(linguistics) articulation (the manner in which a phoneme is pronounced)

(music) articulation (the manner in which something is articulated)

(literary) articulation (the manner in which one expresses themselves)

(anatomy) articulation (the system of jaw movements in relation to the upper jaw)

(architecture) articulation (a method of styling the joints in the formal elements of architectural design)


optyka

optyka (nominative singular)
optyki (genitive singular)
optyce (dative singular)
optykę (accusative singular)
optyką (instrumental singular)
optyce (locative singular)
optyko (singular vocative)


fonetyka

fonetyka (nominative singular)
fonetyki (genitive singular)
fonetyce (dative singular)
fonetykę (accusative singular)
fonetyką (instrumental singular)
fonetyce (locative singular)
fonetyko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French phonétique, from Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós).


lingwistyka

lingwistyka (nominative singular)
lingwistyki (genitive singular)
lingwistyce (dative singular)
lingwistykę (accusative singular)
lingwistyką (instrumental singular)
lingwistyce (locative singular)
lingwistyko (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English linguistics, French linguistique, German Linguistik, ultimately from German Linguistik, from Latin linguisticus.

(linguistics) linguistics (scientific study of language)

(education) linguistics (degree course or major at a university)

(education) linguistics (class on linguistics at a university)


Libia

Libia (nominative singular)
Libii (genitive singular)
Libii (dative singular)
Libię (accusative singular)
Libią (instrumental singular)
Libii (locative singular)
Libio (singular vocative)


Numidia

Numidia (nominative singular)
Numidii (genitive singular)
Numidii (dative singular)
Numidię (accusative singular)
Numidią (instrumental singular)
Numidii (locative singular)
Numidio (singular vocative)


asparagina

asparagina (nominative singular)
asparaginy (genitive singular)
asparaginie (dative singular)
asparaginę (accusative singular)
asparaginą (instrumental singular)
asparaginie (locative singular)
asparagino (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos) + -ina.

af

grc:ἀσπάραγος


fonologia

fonologia (nominative singular)
fonologie (nominative plural)
fonologii (genitive singular)
fonologii (genitive plural)
fonologij (archaic genitive plural)
fonologii (dative singular)
fonologiom (dative plural)
fonologię (accusative singular)
fonologie (accusative plural)
fonologią (instrumental singular)
fonologiami (instrumental plural)
fonologii (locative singular)
fonologiach (locative plural)
fonologio (singular vocative)
fonologie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English phonology, French phonologie, German Phonologie.


śmietana

pl-noun

śmietana f (diminutive śmietanka, related adjective śmietanowy)

śmietanka (diminutive)
śmietanowy (adjective)
śmietana (nominative singular)
śmietany (nominative plural)
śmietany (genitive singular)
śmietan (genitive plural)
śmietanie (dative singular)
śmietanom (dative plural)
śmietanę (accusative singular)
śmietany (accusative plural)
śmietaną (instrumental singular)
śmietanami (instrumental plural)
śmietanie (locative singular)
śmietanach (locative plural)
śmietano (singular vocative)
śmietany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish śmiatana, śmiotana, from Proto-Slavic *sъmetana. Compare Czech smetana, Slovene smetana, Slovak smotana, Russian сметана (smetana), and Bulgarian сметана (smetana).


glutamina

glutamina (nominative singular)
glutaminy (nominative plural)
glutaminy (genitive singular)
glutamin (genitive plural)
glutaminie (dative singular)
glutaminom (dative plural)
glutaminę (accusative singular)
glutaminy (accusative plural)
glutaminą (instrumental singular)
glutaminami (instrumental plural)
glutaminie (locative singular)
glutaminach (locative plural)
glutamino (singular vocative)
glutaminy (plural vocative)


siarka

siarka (nominative singular)
siarki (genitive singular)
siarce (dative singular)
siarkę (accusative singular)
siarką (instrumental singular)
siarce (locative singular)
siarko (singular vocative)


telewizja

telewizja (nominative singular)
telewizje (nominative plural)
telewizji (genitive singular)
telewizji (genitive plural)
telewizyj (archaic genitive plural)
telewizji (dative singular)
telewizjom (dative plural)
telewizję (accusative singular)
telewizje (accusative plural)
telewizją (instrumental singular)
telewizjami (instrumental plural)
telewizji (locative singular)
telewizjach (locative plural)
telewizjo (singular vocative)
telewizje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English television. By surface analysis, tele- + wizja.

(colloquial, television) television programme


przygoda

przygoda (nominative singular)
przygody (nominative plural)
przygody (genitive singular)
przygód (genitive plural)
przygodzie (dative singular)
przygodom (dative plural)
przygodę (accusative singular)
przygody (accusative plural)
przygodą (instrumental singular)
przygodami (instrumental plural)
przygodzie (locative singular)
przygodach (locative plural)
przygodo (singular vocative)
przygody (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *prigoda. By surface analysis, deverbal from przygodzić się.

surf

adventure (a collection of daring undertakings)


restauracja

pl-noun

restauracja f (diminutive restauracyjka)

Borrowed from German Restauration, from Latin restaurātiō.

restaurant (eating establishment in which diners are served food)


restauracja

restauracja (nominative singular)
restauracje (nominative plural)
restauracji (genitive singular)
restauracji (genitive plural)
restauracyj (archaic genitive plural)
restauracji (dative singular)
restauracjom (dative plural)
restaurację (accusative singular)
restauracje (accusative plural)
restauracją (instrumental singular)
restauracjami (instrumental plural)
restauracji (locative singular)
restauracjach (locative plural)
restauracjo (singular vocative)
restauracje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French restauration, from Latin restaurātiō.

renovation, reconstruction, restoration (process of bringing something back to its original state)

restoration (return of a former monarchy or monarch to power)


świeca

świeczka (diminutive)
świeca (nominative singular)
świece (nominative plural)
świecy (genitive singular)
świec (genitive plural)
świecy (dative singular)
świecom (dative plural)
świecę (accusative singular)
świece (accusative plural)
świecą (instrumental singular)
świecami (instrumental plural)
świecy (locative singular)
świecach (locative plural)
świeco (singular vocative)
świece (plural vocative)

(historical) candlepower (obsolete unit of measure)


cipa

cipcia (diminutive)
cipka (diminutive)
cipa (nominative singular)
cipy (nominative plural)
cipy (genitive singular)
cip (genitive plural)
cipie (dative singular)
cipom (dative plural)
cipę (accusative singular)
cipy (accusative plural)
cipą (instrumental singular)
cipami (instrumental plural)
cipie (locative singular)
cipach (locative plural)
cipo (singular vocative)
cipy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from cipać, ćpać (“to dope, stuff oneself, wolf down”). Alternatively akin to ciupa (“clink, pokey, slammer”).

deverbal

(derogatory, vulgar) cunt, pussy (female genitalia)


erudycja

erudycja (nominative singular)
erudycje (nominative plural)
erudycji (genitive singular)
erudycji (genitive plural)
erudycyj (archaic genitive plural)
erudycji (dative singular)
erudycjom (dative plural)
erudycję (accusative singular)
erudycje (accusative plural)
erudycją (instrumental singular)
erudycjami (instrumental plural)
erudycji (locative singular)
erudycjach (locative plural)
erudycjo (singular vocative)
erudycje (plural vocative)


prolina

prolina (nominative singular)
proliny (nominative plural)
proliny (genitive singular)
prolin (genitive plural)
prolinie (dative singular)
prolinom (dative plural)
prolinę (accusative singular)
proliny (accusative plural)
proliną (instrumental singular)
prolinami (instrumental plural)
prolinie (locative singular)
prolinach (locative plural)
prolino (singular vocative)
proliny (plural vocative)


metionina

metionina (nominative singular)
metioniny (nominative plural)
metioniny (genitive singular)
metionin (genitive plural)
metioninie (dative singular)
metioninom (dative plural)
metioninę (accusative singular)
metioniny (accusative plural)
metioniną (instrumental singular)
metioninami (instrumental plural)
metioninie (locative singular)
metioninach (locative plural)
metionino (singular vocative)
metioniny (plural vocative)


bylina

bylinka (diminutive)
bylina (nominative singular)
byliny (nominative plural)
byliny (genitive singular)
bylin (genitive plural)
bylinie (dative singular)
bylinom (dative plural)
bylinę (accusative singular)
byliny (accusative plural)
byliną (instrumental singular)
bylinami (instrumental plural)
bylinie (locative singular)
bylinach (locative plural)
bylino (singular vocative)
byliny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bylь + -ina, from *bylъ, a resultative participle of *bỳti.


bylina

bylina (nominative singular)
byliny (nominative plural)
byliny (genitive singular)
bylin (genitive plural)
bylinie (dative singular)
bylinom (dative plural)
bylinę (accusative singular)
byliny (accusative plural)
byliną (instrumental singular)
bylinami (instrumental plural)
bylinie (locative singular)
bylinach (locative plural)
bylino (singular vocative)
byliny (plural vocative)

bylina (traditional East Slavic oral epic narrative poem)


miedza

miedza (nominative singular)
miedze (nominative plural)
miedzy (genitive singular)
miedz (genitive plural)
miedzy (dative singular)
miedzom (dative plural)
miedzę (accusative singular)
miedze (accusative plural)
miedzą (instrumental singular)
miedzami (instrumental plural)
miedzy (locative singular)
miedzach (locative plural)
miedzo (singular vocative)
miedze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *meďa (“boundary, border, balk”).

inh+

balk (narrow strip of uncultivated land between cultivated fields)


maść

maść (nominative singular)
maści (nominative plural)
maście (nominative plural)
maści (genitive singular)
maści (genitive plural)
maści (dative singular)
maściom (dative plural)
maść (accusative singular)
maści (accusative plural)
maście (accusative plural)
maścią (instrumental singular)
maściami (instrumental plural)
maści (locative singular)
maściach (locative plural)
maści (singular vocative)
maści (plural vocative)
maście (plural vocative)

ointment (viscous preparation, usually containing medication)

coat colour (usually in reference to equids or cattle)


pałka

pl-noun

pałka f (diminutive pałeczka, augmentative pała)

pałeczka (diminutive)
pała (augmentative)
pałka (nominative singular)
pałki (nominative plural)
pałki (genitive singular)
pałek (genitive plural)
pałce (dative singular)
pałkom (dative plural)
pałkę (accusative singular)
pałki (accusative plural)
pałką (instrumental singular)
pałkami (instrumental plural)
pałce (locative singular)
pałkach (locative plural)
pałko (singular vocative)
pałki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka. By surface analysis, pała + -ka.


barwa

barwa (nominative singular)
barwy (nominative plural)
barwy (genitive singular)
barw (genitive plural)
barwie (dative singular)
barwom (dative plural)
barwę (accusative singular)
barwy (accusative plural)
barwą (instrumental singular)
barwami (instrumental plural)
barwie (locative singular)
barwach (locative plural)
barwo (singular vocative)
barwy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ба́рва (bárva)

→ Ukrainian: ба́рва (bárva)

Inherited from Old Polish barwa. Doublet of farba.

(literary) color, shade, hue (particular thing that gives a person an object a certain character)

tone, timbre (the quality of a human's voice)

dye (something used to change the color of something else)

(archaic) uniform (distinctive outfit worn by police, soldiers)

(archaic) livery, uniform (clothes for service)

(often in the plural) colors (color used to represent a nation)

(often in the plural) colors (color used to represent a team or sports club)

(obsolete) white coating on flowers or fresh or dried fruit

(Middle Polish) cosmetic for changing the color of one's face; whiting; rouge

(Middle Polish) design; cut of a material

(Middle Polish) shape (outward look of something, especially a false one)

(Middle Polish) true forget-me-not, Myosotis scorpioides

(Middle Polish) hay, fur, straw, or tow for covering furniture


szyna

szyna (nominative singular)
szyny (nominative plural)
szyny (genitive singular)
szyn (genitive plural)
szynie (dative singular)
szynom (dative plural)
szynę (accusative singular)
szyny (accusative plural)
szyną (instrumental singular)
szynami (instrumental plural)
szynie (locative singular)
szynach (locative plural)
szyno (singular vocative)
szyny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Schiene, from Middle High German schine, from Old High German skina, from Proto-West Germanic *skinu.

splint (device to immobilize a body part)


szynka

szyneczka (diminutive)
szynka (nominative singular)
szynki (nominative plural)
szynki (genitive singular)
szynek (genitive plural)
szynce (dative singular)
szynkom (dative plural)
szynkę (accusative singular)
szynki (accusative plural)
szynką (instrumental singular)
szynkami (instrumental plural)
szynce (locative singular)
szynkach (locative plural)
szynko (singular vocative)
szynki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Schinken, from Middle High German schinke, from Old High German scinco, from Proto-West Germanic *skinkō, from Proto-Germanic *skinkô, *skinkō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng-. Compare German Schinken, Swedish skinka.


rzęsa

rzęska (diminutive)
rzęsa (nominative singular)
rzęsy (nominative plural)
rzęsy (genitive singular)
rzęs (genitive plural)
rzęsie (dative singular)
rzęsom (dative plural)
rzęsę (accusative singular)
rzęsy (accusative plural)
rzęsą (instrumental singular)
rzęsami (instrumental plural)
rzęsie (locative singular)
rzęsach (locative plural)
rzęso (singular vocative)
rzęsy (plural vocative)


Kallisto

(Greek mythology) Callisto (forest nymph of Artemis)

Callisto (Jupiter's second largest moon)


amina

amina (nominative singular)
aminy (nominative plural)
aminy (genitive singular)
amin (genitive plural)
aminie (dative singular)
aminom (dative plural)
aminę (accusative singular)
aminy (accusative plural)
aminą (instrumental singular)
aminami (instrumental plural)
aminie (locative singular)
aminach (locative plural)
amino (singular vocative)
aminy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English amine. Ultimately from Latin ammōniacum. First attested in the 19th century.

syntetyczna amina

heterocykliczna amina

amina katecholowa

amina biogenna

amina pierwszorzędowa

amina drugorzędowa

amina trzeciorzędowa

amina sympatykomimetyczna

amina alifatyczna

amina aromatyczna


bakteriologia

bakteriologia (nominative singular)
bakteriologii (genitive singular)
bakteriologii (dative singular)
bakteriologię (accusative singular)
bakteriologią (instrumental singular)
bakteriologii (locative singular)
bakteriologio (singular vocative)


Albrecht

Borrowed from German Albrecht. Doublet of Albert.


poliandria

poliandria (nominative singular)
poliandrii (genitive singular)
poliandrii (dative singular)
poliandrię (accusative singular)
poliandrią (instrumental singular)
poliandrii (locative singular)
poliandrio (singular vocative)


lepy

inflection of lepa:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


otwarta

inflection of otwarty:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of otwarty:
feminine vocative singular


miedziana

inflection of miedziany:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of miedziany:
feminine vocative singular


zamknięta

inflection of zamknięty:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of zamknięty:
feminine vocative singular


naturalna

inflection of naturalny:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of naturalny:
feminine vocative singular


ciotka

ciotka (nominative singular)
ciotki (nominative plural)
ciotki (genitive singular)
ciotek (genitive plural)
ciotce (dative singular)
ciotkom (dative plural)
ciotkę (accusative singular)
ciotki (accusative plural)
ciotką (instrumental singular)
ciotkami (instrumental plural)
ciotce (locative singular)
ciotkach (locative plural)
ciotko (singular vocative)
ciotki (plural vocative)


wnuczka

wnuczka f (male equivalent wnuk, diminutive wnusia)

wnuk (masculine)
wnusia (diminutive)
wnuczka (nominative singular)
wnuczki (nominative plural)
wnuczki (genitive singular)
wnuczek (genitive plural)
wnuczce (dative singular)
wnuczkom (dative plural)
wnuczkę (accusative singular)
wnuczki (accusative plural)
wnuczką (instrumental singular)
wnuczkami (instrumental plural)
wnuczce (locative singular)
wnuczkach (locative plural)
wnuczko (singular vocative)
wnuczki (plural vocative)


bożnica

bożnica (nominative singular)
bożnice (nominative plural)
bożnicy (genitive singular)
bożnic (genitive plural)
bożnicy (dative singular)
bożnicom (dative plural)
bożnicę (accusative singular)
bożnice (accusative plural)
bożnicą (instrumental singular)
bożnicami (instrumental plural)
bożnicy (locative singular)
bożnicach (locative plural)
bożnico (singular vocative)
bożnice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bóżnica, from Proto-Slavic *božьnica. By surface analysis, bóg + -nica.

(paganism) temple (non-Christian house of prayer)

(Judaism, archaic) synagogue (Jewish house of prayer)


wdowa

wdowiec (masculine)
wdowa (nominative singular)
wdowy (nominative plural)
wdowy (genitive singular)
wdów (genitive plural)
wdowie (dative singular)
wdowom (dative plural)
wdowę (accusative singular)
wdowy (accusative plural)
wdową (instrumental singular)
wdowami (instrumental plural)
wdowie (locative singular)
wdowach (locative plural)
wdowo (singular vocative)
wdowy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wdowa, from Proto-Slavic *vьdova, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂.

any spider of the genus Latrodectus; widow spider


perfidia

perfidia (nominative singular)
perfidii (genitive singular)
perfidii (dative singular)
perfidię (accusative singular)
perfidią (instrumental singular)
perfidii (locative singular)
perfidio (singular vocative)

perfidy (act of violating faith or allegiance)


afrykańska

inflection of afrykański:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of afrykański:
feminine vocative singular


Azja

Azja (nominative singular)
Azje (nominative plural)
Azji (genitive singular)
Azji (genitive plural)
Azyj (archaic genitive plural)
Azji (dative singular)
Azjom (dative plural)
Azję (accusative singular)
Azje (accusative plural)
Azją (instrumental singular)
Azjami (instrumental plural)
Azji (locative singular)
Azjach (locative plural)
Azjo (singular vocative)
Azje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Asíā), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/), probably from Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/) of uncertain origin.


elektrotechnika

pl-noun

elektrotechnika f (related adjective elektrotechniczny)

elektrotechniczny (adjective)
elektrotechnika (nominative singular)
elektrotechniki (genitive singular)
elektrotechnice (dative singular)
elektrotechnikę (accusative singular)
elektrotechniką (instrumental singular)
elektrotechnice (locative singular)
elektrotechniko (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare French électrotechnique, German Elektrotechnik, Russian электроте́хника (elektrotéxnika). By surface analysis, elektro- + technika.

cog

электроте́хника

surf

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) electrical engineering (branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications)


grzeczna

/ˈɡʐɛt͡ʂ.na/

inflection of grzeczny:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of grzeczny:
feminine vocative singular


podwodna

inflection of podwodny:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of podwodny:
feminine vocative singular


lawina

lawinka (diminutive)
lawina (nominative singular)
lawiny (nominative plural)
lawiny (genitive singular)
lawin (genitive plural)
lawinie (dative singular)
lawinom (dative plural)
lawinę (accusative singular)
lawiny (accusative plural)
lawiną (instrumental singular)
lawinami (instrumental plural)
lawinie (locative singular)
lawinach (locative plural)
lawino (singular vocative)
lawiny (plural vocative)


stacja

pl-noun

stacja f (diminutive stacyjka, related adjective stacyjny, abbreviation st.)

stacyjka (diminutive)
stacyjny (adjective)
st. (abbreviation)
stacja (nominative singular)
stacje (nominative plural)
stacji (genitive singular)
stacji (genitive plural)
stacyj (archaic genitive plural)
stacji (dative singular)
stacjom (dative plural)
stację (accusative singular)
stacje (accusative plural)
stacją (instrumental singular)
stacjami (instrumental plural)
stacji (locative singular)
stacjach (locative plural)
stacjo (singular vocative)
stacje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: stacjô

station (place of stopping for transportation)

station (place used for broadcasting radio or television; the broadcasting entity itself)

station (unit dealing with a particular activity)

(Roman Catholicism) station (any of the Stations of the Cross)

(obsolete, historical) obligation to provide room and board to one's ruler as they are travelling

(obsolete, Christianity) station (church in which the procession of the clergy halts on stated days to say stated prayers; act of halting to pray)

(obsolete) station (fact of standing still; motionlessness, stasis)

(obsolete) place where a post or mail horse is swapped out

(obsolete) place where a land surveyor measures the land

(obsolete) place that serves a local region of a country

(obsolete, historical) prehistoric settlement


implozja

implozja (nominative singular)
implozje (nominative plural)
implozji (genitive singular)
implozji (genitive plural)
implozyj (archaic genitive plural)
implozji (dative singular)
implozjom (dative plural)
implozję (accusative singular)
implozje (accusative plural)
implozją (instrumental singular)
implozjami (instrumental plural)
implozji (locative singular)
implozjach (locative plural)
implozjo (singular vocative)
implozje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English implosion, French implosion, German Implosion, ultimately from Latin implosiō.

(literary) implosion (violent compression)

(literary) implosion (sudden failure or collapse of an organization or system)

(phonology) implosion (of the organs of speech)


mechanika

mechanika (nominative singular)
mechaniki (genitive singular)
mechanice (dative singular)
mechanikę (accusative singular)
mechaniką (instrumental singular)
mechanice (locative singular)
mechaniko (singular vocative)

mechanika klasyczna

mechanika kwantowa


eksplozja

eksplozja (nominative singular)
eksplozje (nominative plural)
eksplozji (genitive singular)
eksplozji (genitive plural)
eksplozyj (archaic genitive plural)
eksplozji (dative singular)
eksplozjom (dative plural)
eksplozję (accusative singular)
eksplozje (accusative plural)
eksplozją (instrumental singular)
eksplozjami (instrumental plural)
eksplozji (locative singular)
eksplozjach (locative plural)
eksplozjo (singular vocative)
eksplozje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English explosion, French explosion, German Explosion, ultimately from Latin explosiō.

(literary) explosion (violent release of energy)

(phonology) explosion (release of a sound)


fontanna

fontanna (nominative singular)
fontanny (nominative plural)
fontanny (genitive singular)
fontann (genitive plural)
fontannie (dative singular)
fontannom (dative plural)
fontannę (accusative singular)
fontanny (accusative plural)
fontanną (instrumental singular)
fontannami (instrumental plural)
fontannie (locative singular)
fontannach (locative plural)
fontanno (singular vocative)
fontanny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian fontana, from Late Latin fontāna, from Latin fontānus, from fōns.


makia

makia (nominative singular)
makie (nominative plural)
makii (genitive singular)
makii (genitive plural)
makij (archaic genitive plural)
makii (dative singular)
makiom (dative plural)
makię (accusative singular)
makie (accusative plural)
makią (instrumental singular)
makiami (instrumental plural)
makii (locative singular)
makiach (locative plural)
makio (singular vocative)
makie (plural vocative)


kolia

kolia (nominative singular)
kolie (nominative plural)
kolii (genitive singular)
kolii (genitive plural)
kolij (archaic genitive plural)
kolii (dative singular)
koliom (dative plural)
kolię (accusative singular)
kolie (accusative plural)
kolią (instrumental singular)
koliami (instrumental plural)
kolii (locative singular)
koliach (locative plural)
kolio (singular vocative)
kolie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French collier, from Old French coler, from Late Latin collāre, from Latin collum (“neck”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”).


specjalna

inflection of specjalny:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of specjalny:
feminine vocative singular


polana

polanka (diminutive)
polana (nominative singular)
polany (nominative plural)
polany (genitive singular)
polan (genitive plural)
polanie (dative singular)
polanom (dative plural)
polanę (accusative singular)
polany (accusative plural)
polaną (instrumental singular)
polanami (instrumental plural)
polanie (locative singular)
polanach (locative plural)
polano (singular vocative)
polany (plural vocative)


erotyczna

inflection of erotyczny:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of erotyczny:
feminine vocative singular


szybka

szybka (nominative singular)
szybki (nominative plural)
szybki (genitive singular)
szybek (genitive plural)
szybce (dative singular)
szybkom (dative plural)
szybkę (accusative singular)
szybki (accusative plural)
szybką (instrumental singular)
szybkami (instrumental plural)
szybce (locative singular)
szybkach (locative plural)
szybko (singular vocative)
szybki (plural vocative)

Stłukła mi się szybka w telefonie i nie mam jak wysyłać SMS-ów.

The screen on my phone broke and I don't have a way to send texts.


szybki

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of szybka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


radiologia

radiologia (nominative singular)
radiologii (genitive singular)
radiologii (dative singular)
radiologię (accusative singular)
radiologią (instrumental singular)
radiologii (locative singular)
radiologio (singular vocative)


Gwinea Równikowa

Gwinea Równikowa (nominative singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (genitive singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (dative singular)
Gwineę Równikową (accusative singular)
Gwineą Równikową (instrumental singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (locative singular)
Gwineo Równikowa (singular vocative)

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


hebrajska

inflection of hebrajski:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of hebrajski:
feminine vocative singular


bieługa

bieługa (nominative singular)
bieługi (nominative plural)
bieługi (genitive singular)
bieług (genitive plural)
biełudze (dative singular)
bieługom (dative plural)
bieługę (accusative singular)
bieługi (accusative plural)
bieługą (instrumental singular)
bieługami (instrumental plural)
biełudze (locative singular)
bieługach (locative plural)
bieługo (singular vocative)
bieługi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian белу́га (belúga). By surface analysis, biały + -uga.

ochrona bieługi

samica bieługi

kawior z bieługi

hodować bieługi

gotowana bieługa

pokrojona bieługa


zmęczona

inflection of zmęczony:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of zmęczony:
feminine vocative singular


biometria

biometria (nominative singular)
biometrii (genitive singular)
biometrii (dative singular)
biometrię (accusative singular)
biometrią (instrumental singular)
biometrii (locative singular)
biometrio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -metria. First attested in 1900.

(biology) biometry, biostatistics (analysis of biological statistics)

biometrics (automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics)


pasieka

pasieka (nominative singular)
pasieki (nominative plural)
pasieki (genitive singular)
pasiek (genitive plural)
pasiece (dative singular)
pasiekom (dative plural)
pasiekę (accusative singular)
pasieki (accusative plural)
pasieką (instrumental singular)
pasiekami (instrumental plural)
pasiece (locative singular)
pasiekach (locative plural)
pasieko (singular vocative)
pasieki (plural vocative)

(dialectal) an enclosure or pen for horses


pensja

pensyjka (diminutive)
pensja (nominative singular)
pensje (nominative plural)
pensji (genitive singular)
pensji (genitive plural)
pensyj (archaic genitive plural)
pensji (dative singular)
pensjom (dative plural)
pensję (accusative singular)
pensje (accusative plural)
pensją (instrumental singular)
pensjami (instrumental plural)
pensji (locative singular)
pensjach (locative plural)
pensjo (singular vocative)
pensje (plural vocative)

(dated, education) girls' boarding school


Adelajda

Adelajda (nominative singular)
Adelajdy (nominative plural)
Adelajdy (genitive singular)
Adelajd (genitive plural)
Adelajdzie (dative singular)
Adelajdom (dative plural)
Adelajdę (accusative singular)
Adelajdy (accusative plural)
Adelajdą (instrumental singular)
Adelajdami (instrumental plural)
Adelajdzie (locative singular)
Adelajdach (locative plural)
Adelajdo (singular vocative)
Adelajdy (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Adelaide

Adelaide (the state capital of South Australia)


szarlotka

szarlotka (nominative singular)
szarlotki (nominative plural)
szarlotki (genitive singular)
szarlotek (genitive plural)
szarlotce (dative singular)
szarlotkom (dative plural)
szarlotkę (accusative singular)
szarlotki (accusative plural)
szarlotką (instrumental singular)
szarlotkami (instrumental plural)
szarlotce (locative singular)
szarlotkach (locative plural)
szarlotko (singular vocative)
szarlotki (plural vocative)

a cocktail made from apple juice and bison grass vodka with a taste reminiscent of apple pie


chałwa

chałwa (nominative singular)
chałwy (genitive singular)
chałwie (dative singular)
chałwę (accusative singular)
chałwą (instrumental singular)
chałwie (locative singular)
chałwo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish helva, from Arabic حَلْوَى (ḥalwā).


łydka

łyda (augmentative)
łydka (nominative singular)
łydki (nominative plural)
łydki (genitive singular)
łydek (genitive plural)
łydce (dative singular)
łydkom (dative plural)
łydkę (accusative singular)
łydki (accusative plural)
łydką (instrumental singular)
łydkami (instrumental plural)
łydce (locative singular)
łydkach (locative plural)
łydko (singular vocative)
łydki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish łytka, from Proto-Slavic *lytъka.

(anatomy) calf (back of the leg below the knee)


Polak

From Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + -ak.


komoda

komódka (diminutive)
komoda (nominative singular)
komody (nominative plural)
komody (genitive singular)
komód (genitive plural)
komodzie (dative singular)
komodom (dative plural)
komodę (accusative singular)
komody (accusative plural)
komodą (instrumental singular)
komodami (instrumental plural)
komodzie (locative singular)
komodach (locative plural)
komodo (singular vocative)
komody (plural vocative)


nić

nitka (diminutive)
nić (nominative singular)
nici (nominative plural)
nici (genitive singular)
nici (genitive plural)
nici (dative singular)
niciom (dative plural)
nić (accusative singular)
nici (accusative plural)
nicią (instrumental singular)
nićmi (instrumental plural)
nici (locative singular)
niciach (locative plural)
nici (singular vocative)
nici (plural vocative)

thread (long, thin and flexible form of material)


Freja

Freja (nominative singular)
Frei (genitive singular)
Frei (dative singular)
Freję (accusative singular)
Freją (instrumental singular)
Frei (locative singular)
Frejo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Freyja, from freyja (“lady”), from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

(Norse mythology) Freyja (deity among the Vanir associated with sex, death, and seiðr, who receives half of those who die in battle in the afterlife field Fólkvangr)


onkologia

onkologia (nominative singular)
onkologii (genitive singular)
onkologii (dative singular)
onkologię (accusative singular)
onkologią (instrumental singular)
onkologii (locative singular)
onkologio (singular vocative)


niepodległość

niepodległość (nominative singular)
niepodległości (genitive singular)
niepodległości (dative singular)
niepodległość (accusative singular)
niepodległością (instrumental singular)
niepodległości (locative singular)
niepodległości (singular vocative)

/ɲɛ.pɔdˈlɛɡ.wɔɕt͡ɕ/

independence (state or quality of being independent, usually with reference to countries)


synergia

synergia (nominative singular)
synergii (genitive singular)
synergii (dative singular)
synergię (accusative singular)
synergią (instrumental singular)
synergii (locative singular)
synergio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek συνεργία (synergía).


marchia

marchia (nominative singular)
marchie (nominative plural)
marchii (genitive singular)
marchii (genitive plural)
marchij (archaic genitive plural)
marchii (dative singular)
marchiom (dative plural)
marchię (accusative singular)
marchie (accusative plural)
marchią (instrumental singular)
marchiami (instrumental plural)
marchii (locative singular)
marchiach (locative plural)
marchio (singular vocative)
marchie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin marchia.

lbor

(historical) march, margravate (region at a frontier governed by a margrave)


bery

inflection of bera:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


alergia

alergia (nominative singular)
alergie (nominative plural)
alergii (genitive singular)
alergii (genitive plural)
alergij (archaic genitive plural)
alergii (dative singular)
alergiom (dative plural)
alergię (accusative singular)
alergie (accusative plural)
alergią (instrumental singular)
alergiami (instrumental plural)
alergii (locative singular)
alergiach (locative plural)
alergio (singular vocative)
alergie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Allergie, from Ancient Greek ἄλλος + ἔργον (állos + érgon), coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906, on the model of Energie. First attested in 1932.

der

ἄλλος + ἔργον

ref

VIII. Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego we Lwowie : 27, 28, 29 czerwca 1932. (in Polish), 1932, page 7

alergia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(immunology, pathology) allergy (disorder of the immune system) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’]

(immunology, pathology) allergy (any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’]

allergy (antipathy, as toward a person or activity) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’]


Vantaa

Vantaa (nominative singular)
Vanty (genitive singular)
Vancie (dative singular)
Vantę (accusative singular)
Vantą (instrumental singular)
Vancie (locative singular)
Vanto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Vantaa.

Vantaa (a city and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland)


sodomia

sodomia (nominative singular)
sodomii (genitive singular)
sodomii (dative singular)
sodomię (accusative singular)
sodomią (instrumental singular)
sodomii (locative singular)
sodomio (singular vocative)

(literary, Roman Catholicism) sodomy (any of several forms of sexual intercourse held to be unnatural, particularly bestiality or homosexuality, but also (sometimes) anal, oral, or manual sex)


krotki

inflection of krotka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


rtęć

rtęć (nominative singular)
rtęci (genitive singular)
rtęci (dative singular)
rtęć (accusative singular)
rtęcią (instrumental singular)
rtęci (locative singular)
rtęci (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rьtǫtь. Cognate to Czech rtuť and Russian ртуть (rtutʹ).


wymiana

wymiana (nominative singular)
wymiany (nominative plural)
wymiany (genitive singular)
wymian (genitive plural)
wymianie (dative singular)
wymianom (dative plural)
wymianę (accusative singular)
wymiany (accusative plural)
wymianą (instrumental singular)
wymianami (instrumental plural)
wymianie (locative singular)
wymianach (locative plural)
wymiano (singular vocative)
wymiany (plural vocative)

Deverbal from wymienić. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian wëmiana and Slovincian wëmjêna.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wymiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

wymiana ognia

wymiana walut

exchange, swap (act of exchanging or trading and getting something in return)

exchange, swap (act of returning an act or favor)

exchange, swap; changeout (act of replacing something or someone with something or someone new)

wymiana zdań

exchange, swap (act of sending and communicating something to someone)

(sports) exchange, swap (act of replacing a player in a game or match)

(sports) exchange, swap (smooth transfer of e.g. a ball)

(linguistics) alternation (a spelling and pronunciation shift observed while declining a word, due to historical pronunciation shifts)

(obsolete, chemistry) exchange (mutual replacement of component parts that chemically interact with each other)


pamięć

pamięciowy (adjective)
pamięć (nominative singular)
pamięci (nominative plural)
pamięci (genitive singular)
pamięci (genitive plural)
pamięci (dative singular)
pamięciom (dative plural)
pamięć (accusative singular)
pamięci (accusative plural)
pamięcią (instrumental singular)
pamięciami (instrumental plural)
pamięci (locative singular)
pamięciach (locative plural)
pamięci (singular vocative)
pamięci (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pamięć. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English memory.

sl

z pamięci

(uncountable) memory (ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will)

+obj

(uncountable) memory (record of a thing or an event stored in the brain) [with genitive or o (+ locative) ‘of whom/what’]

(countable, computing) memory (part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM))

(obsolete) mark, trace (that which is left behind so as to be remembered)

(Middle Polish) written record of what one needs to remember

(Middle Polish) A type of ring worn around one's finger.

(Middle Polish) memory; Further details are uncertain.


kury

inflection of kura:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


wina

wina (nominative singular)
winy (nominative plural)
winy (genitive singular)
win (genitive plural)
winie (dative singular)
winom (dative plural)
winę (accusative singular)
winy (accusative plural)
winą (instrumental singular)
winami (instrumental plural)
winie (locative singular)
winach (locative plural)
wino (singular vocative)
winy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wina, from Proto-Slavic *vina.


bieda

bieda (nominative singular)
biedy (nominative plural)
biedy (genitive singular)
bied (genitive plural)
biedzie (dative singular)
biedom (dative plural)
biedę (accusative singular)
biedy (accusative plural)
biedą (instrumental singular)
biedami (instrumental plural)
biedzie (locative singular)
biedach (locative plural)
biedo (singular vocative)
biedy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bieda, from Proto-Slavic *běda. Doublet of biada.

kto ma księdza w rodzie, tego bieda nie ubodzie

prawdziwych przyjaciół poznaje się w biedzie

(uncountable) poverty, need (a lack of money)

(uncountable) the poor (the collective of poor people)

(colloquial, countable) hassle, trouble, bother (unwanted situation)


bandura

bandurka (diminutive)
bandura (nominative singular)
bandury (nominative plural)
bandury (genitive singular)
bandur (genitive plural)
bandurze (dative singular)
bandurom (dative plural)
bandurę (accusative singular)
bandury (accusative plural)
bandurą (instrumental singular)
bandurami (instrumental plural)
bandurze (locative singular)
bandurach (locative plural)
banduro (singular vocative)
bandury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pandūra, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra). Doublet of banjo and mandola.


czajka

czajka (nominative singular)
czajki (nominative plural)
czajki (genitive singular)
czajek (genitive plural)
czajce (dative singular)
czajkom (dative plural)
czajkę (accusative singular)
czajki (accusative plural)
czajką (instrumental singular)
czajkami (instrumental plural)
czajce (locative singular)
czajkach (locative plural)
czajko (singular vocative)
czajki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čajьka. Sense 3 is presumed to be a semantic loan from Ukrainian ча́йка (čájka), given that this word, in any language but Ukrainian, is only put as an exotism for a vessel ascribed to the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Doublet of szajka.

sl

Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus#Translingual


wiewiórka

pl-noun

wiewiórka f (diminutive wiewióreczka, augmentative wiewióra)

wiewióreczka (diminutive)
wiewióra (augmentative)
wiewiórka (nominative singular)
wiewiórki (nominative plural)
wiewiórki (genitive singular)
wiewiórek (genitive plural)
wiewiórce (dative singular)
wiewiórkom (dative plural)
wiewiórkę (accusative singular)
wiewiórki (accusative plural)
wiewiórką (instrumental singular)
wiewiórkami (instrumental plural)
wiewiórce (locative singular)
wiewiórkach (locative plural)
wiewiórko (singular vocative)
wiewiórki (plural vocative)

desc

→ Ukrainian: вев'ю́рка (vevʺjúrka), вив'ю́рка (vyvʺjúrka), вію́рка (vijúrka), гав'ю́рка (havʺjúrka) (dialectal)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věverъka. Doublet of wiwera.

(colloquial) redhead, squirrel (red-haired person)


świnia

świnka (diminutive)
świnia (nominative singular)
świnie (nominative plural)
świni (genitive singular)
świń (genitive plural)
świni (dative singular)
świniom (dative plural)
świnię (accusative singular)
świnie (accusative plural)
świnią (instrumental singular)
świniami (instrumental plural)
świni (locative singular)
świniach (locative plural)
świnio (singular vocative)
świnie (plural vocative)


sosna

pl-noun

sosna f (diminutive sosenka, related adjective sosnowy)

sosenka (diminutive)
sosnowy (adjective)
sosna (nominative singular)
sosny (nominative plural)
sosny (genitive singular)
sosen (genitive plural)
sośnie (dative singular)
sosnom (dative plural)
sosnę (accusative singular)
sosny (accusative plural)
sosną (instrumental singular)
sosnami (instrumental plural)
sośnie (locative singular)
sosnach (locative plural)
sosno (singular vocative)
sosny (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: סאָסנע (sosne)

Inherited from Old Polish sosna, from Proto-Slavic *sosna.


Republika Środkowoafrykańska

Republika Środkowoafrykańska (nominative singular)
Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej (genitive singular)
Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej (dative singular)
Republikę Środkowoafrykańską (accusative singular)
Republiką Środkowoafrykańską (instrumental singular)
Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej (locative singular)
Republiko Środkowoafrykańska (singular vocative)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


waluta

waluta (nominative singular)
waluty (nominative plural)
waluty (genitive singular)
walut (genitive plural)
walucie (dative singular)
walutom (dative plural)
walutę (accusative singular)
waluty (accusative plural)
walutą (instrumental singular)
walutami (instrumental plural)
walucie (locative singular)
walutach (locative plural)
waluto (singular vocative)
waluty (plural vocative)

currency (money or other item used to facilitate transactions)


geosfera

geosfera (nominative singular)
geosfery (nominative plural)
geosfery (genitive singular)
geosfer (genitive plural)
geosferze (dative singular)
geosferom (dative plural)
geosferę (accusative singular)
geosfery (accusative plural)
geosferą (instrumental singular)
geosferami (instrumental plural)
geosferze (locative singular)
geosferach (locative plural)
geosfero (singular vocative)
geosfery (plural vocative)


inteligencja

inteligencja (nominative singular)
inteligencje (nominative plural)
inteligencji (genitive singular)
inteligencji (genitive plural)
inteligencyj (archaic genitive plural)
inteligencji (dative singular)
inteligencjom (dative plural)
inteligencję (accusative singular)
inteligencje (accusative plural)
inteligencją (instrumental singular)
inteligencjami (instrumental plural)
inteligencji (locative singular)
inteligencjach (locative plural)
inteligencjo (singular vocative)
inteligencje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin intellegentia.

lbor

(politics) intelligentsia (intellectual elite of society)


emocja

emocja (nominative singular)
emocje (nominative plural)
emocji (genitive singular)
emocji (genitive plural)
emocyj (archaic genitive plural)
emocji (dative singular)
emocjom (dative plural)
emocję (accusative singular)
emocje (accusative plural)
emocją (instrumental singular)
emocjami (instrumental plural)
emocji (locative singular)
emocjach (locative plural)
emocjo (singular vocative)
emocje (plural vocative)

emotion (person's internal state of being)


wełna

wełna (nominative singular)
wełny (nominative plural)
wełny (genitive singular)
wełen (genitive plural)
wełnie (dative singular)
wełnom (dative plural)
wełnę (accusative singular)
wełny (accusative plural)
wełną (instrumental singular)
wełnami (instrumental plural)
wełnie (locative singular)
wełnach (locative plural)
wełno (singular vocative)
wełny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wełna, from Proto-Slavic *vьlna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Doublet of flanela and lanugo. Compare English wool, French laine, German Wolle, Italian lana, Spanish lana.


oś

oś (nominative singular)
osie (nominative plural)
osi (genitive singular)
osi (genitive plural)
osi (dative singular)
osiom (dative plural)
oś (accusative singular)
osie (accusative plural)
osią (instrumental singular)
osiami (instrumental plural)
osi (locative singular)
osiach (locative plural)
osi (singular vocative)
osie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-.


dżdżownica

dżdżownica (nominative singular)
dżdżownice (nominative plural)
dżdżownicy (genitive singular)
dżdżownic (genitive plural)
dżdżownicy (dative singular)
dżdżownicom (dative plural)
dżdżownicę (accusative singular)
dżdżownice (accusative plural)
dżdżownicą (instrumental singular)
dżdżownicami (instrumental plural)
dżdżownicy (locative singular)
dżdżownicach (locative plural)
dżdżownico (singular vocative)
dżdżownice (plural vocative)

From Old Polish deżdż + -ownica, (genitive dżdżu). The name refers to the fact that these worms can usually be spotted at the surface after heavy rain; compare English rainworm, German Regenwurm. Doublet of deszczownica.


przepiórka

pl-noun

przepiórka f (diminutive przepióreczka, related adjective przepiórczy)

przepióreczka (diminutive)
przepiórczy (adjective)
przepiórka (nominative singular)
przepiórki (nominative plural)
przepiórki (genitive singular)
przepiórek (genitive plural)
przepiórce (dative singular)
przepiórkom (dative plural)
przepiórkę (accusative singular)
przepiórki (accusative plural)
przepiórką (instrumental singular)
przepiórkami (instrumental plural)
przepiórce (locative singular)
przepiórkach (locative plural)
przepiórko (singular vocative)
przepiórki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish przepiórka, from Proto-Slavic *perpelъ.

Coturnix coturnix
Coturnix coturnix#Translingual

quail (any bird of the genera Coturnix, Synoicus, or Margaroperdix)

quail (meat from the quail eaten as food)


szczoteczka do zębów

szczoteczka do zębów (nominative singular)
szczoteczki do zębów (nominative plural)
szczoteczki do zębów (genitive singular)
szczoteczek do zębów (genitive plural)
szczoteczce do zębów (dative singular)
szczoteczkom do zębów (dative plural)
szczoteczkę do zębów (accusative singular)
szczoteczki do zębów (accusative plural)
szczoteczką do zębów (instrumental singular)
szczoteczkami do zębów (instrumental plural)
szczoteczce do zębów (locative singular)
szczoteczkach do zębów (locative plural)
szczoteczko do zębów (singular vocative)
szczoteczki do zębów (plural vocative)


łódź

łódka (diminutive)
łódeczka (diminutive)
łódź (nominative singular)
łodzie (nominative plural)
łodzi (genitive singular)
łodzi (genitive plural)
łodzi (dative singular)
łodziom (dative plural)
łódź (accusative singular)
łodzie (accusative plural)
łodzią (instrumental singular)
łodziami (instrumental plural)
łodzi (locative singular)
łodziach (locative plural)
łodzi (singular vocative)
łodzie (plural vocative)