oferta

oferta (nominative singular)
oferty (nominative plural)
oferty (genitive singular)
ofert (genitive plural)
ofercie (dative singular)
ofertom (dative plural)
ofertę (accusative singular)
oferty (accusative plural)
ofertą (instrumental singular)
ofertami (instrumental plural)
ofercie (locative singular)
ofertach (locative plural)
oferto (singular vocative)
oferty (plural vocative)


postura

posturka (diminutive)
postura (nominative singular)
postury (nominative plural)
postury (genitive singular)
postur (genitive plural)
posturze (dative singular)
posturom (dative plural)
posturę (accusative singular)
postury (accusative plural)
posturą (instrumental singular)
posturami (instrumental plural)
posturze (locative singular)
posturach (locative plural)
posturo (singular vocative)
postury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French posture, from Italian postura, from Latin positūra. Doublet of pozytura (“pose, posture”).

build, frame, physique, stature (the natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person)


ceremonia

ceremonia (nominative singular)
ceremonie (nominative plural)
ceremonii (genitive singular)
ceremonii (genitive plural)
ceremonij (archaic genitive plural)
ceremonii (dative singular)
ceremoniom (dative plural)
ceremonię (accusative singular)
ceremonie (accusative plural)
ceremonią (instrumental singular)
ceremoniami (instrumental plural)
ceremonii (locative singular)
ceremoniach (locative plural)
ceremonio (singular vocative)
ceremonie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin caerimōnia.

(religion) ceremony (ritual with religious significance)

ceremony (formal socially-established behaviour)


pipa

Probably from French pipe or Italian pipa, from Vulgar Latin *pipa.

pipette (small glass tube used for transferring liquid)

(derogatory, vulgar) pussy, sissy (timid, unassertive or cowardly person)


pipa

pipa (nominative singular)
pipy (nominative plural)
pipy (genitive singular)
pip (genitive plural)
pipie (dative singular)
pipom (dative plural)
pipę (accusative singular)
pipy (accusative plural)
pipą (instrumental singular)
pipami (instrumental plural)
pipie (locative singular)
pipach (locative plural)
pipo (singular vocative)
pipy (plural vocative)


masa

masowy (adjective)
masa (nominative singular)
masy (nominative plural)
masy (genitive singular)
mas (genitive plural)
masie (dative singular)
masom (dative plural)
masę (accusative singular)
masy (accusative plural)
masą (instrumental singular)
masami (instrumental plural)
masie (locative singular)
masach (locative plural)
maso (singular vocative)
masy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: masa

→ Masurian: masa

→ Slovincian: masa

Learned borrowing from Latin māssa. First attested in 1534. Compare Silesian masa.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “massa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable) mass (shapeless substance that is flexible and allows itself to be formed)

(uncountable, colloquial) mass (large number or amount)

(countable, physics) mass (quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. It is one of four fundamental properties of matter)

(electricity) ground (point against which potentials are measured in an electrical or electronic system)

(countable) mass (large object or objects seen in faint outline)

(uncountable, obsolete, property law) property remaining after the deceased testator or after the bankruptcy of a merchant or industrialist, subject to division among creditors or heirs

(obsolete, uncountable, metallurgy) a type of greasy sand used in the production of steel castings

(countable, obsolete, biliards) a billiard cue with a wide butt on the thinner end for better hitting the ball

(in the plural) masses (people; especially a large number of people; the general population)


palma

palemka (diminutive)
palma (nominative singular)
palmy (nominative plural)
palmy (genitive singular)
palm (genitive plural)
palmie (dative singular)
palmom (dative plural)
palmę (accusative singular)
palmy (accusative plural)
palmą (instrumental singular)
palmami (instrumental plural)
palmie (locative singular)
palmach (locative plural)
palmo (singular vocative)
palmy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin palma, from Proto-Italic *pəlmā, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂, from *pleh₂-.


tortura

pl-noun

tortura f (related adjective torturowy or torturalny)

torturowy (adjective)
torturalny (adjective)
tortura (nominative singular)
tortury (nominative plural)
tortury (genitive singular)
tortur (genitive plural)
torturze (dative singular)
torturom (dative plural)
torturę (accusative singular)
tortury (accusative plural)
torturą (instrumental singular)
torturami (instrumental plural)
torturze (locative singular)
torturach (locative plural)
torturo (singular vocative)
tortury (plural vocative)

torture (severe pain or anguish, of mind or body)

(chiefly in the plural) torture (infliction of severe pain or anguish, especially as an interrogation technique or punishment; a technique, method, or device which is designed to inflict such anguish)


tabula rasa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin tabula rasa.

ubor

(philosophy) tabula rasa (the idea that the mind comes into the world as a blank state)


Eliza

Eliza (nominative singular)
Elizy (nominative plural)
Elizy (genitive singular)
Eliz (genitive plural)
Elizie (dative singular)
Elizom (dative plural)
Elizę (accusative singular)
Elizy (accusative plural)
Elizą (instrumental singular)
Elizami (instrumental plural)
Elizie (locative singular)
Elizach (locative plural)
Elizo (singular vocative)
Elizy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Elise, originally diminutive of Elisabeth.

a female given name, equivalent to English Eliza


kuma

kum (masculine)
kuma (nominative singular)
kumy (nominative plural)
kumy (genitive singular)
kum (genitive plural)
kumie (dative singular)
kumom (dative plural)
kumę (accusative singular)
kumy (accusative plural)
kumą (instrumental singular)
kumami (instrumental plural)
kumie (locative singular)
kumach (locative plural)
kumo (singular vocative)
kumy (plural vocative)

godmother of one's child or godchild, mother of one's godchild


bomba

bomba (nominative singular)
bomby (nominative plural)
bomby (genitive singular)
bomb (genitive plural)
bombie (dative singular)
bombom (dative plural)
bombę (accusative singular)
bomby (accusative plural)
bombą (instrumental singular)
bombami (instrumental plural)
bombie (locative singular)
bombach (locative plural)
bombo (singular vocative)
bomby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bombe, from Italian bomba, from Latin bombus (“a boom”), from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos). Related to bęben.

bomba kryptologiczna
bomba kryptologiczna#Polish

Clipping of bomba kryptologiczna (“cryptologic bomba”) (an electromechanical machine used to break the German Enigma cipher)

bomba kryptologiczna

(slang) a period of sobriety after consumption of substances


iskra

iskierka (diminutive)
iskra (nominative singular)
iskry (nominative plural)
iskry (genitive singular)
iskier (genitive plural)
iskrze (dative singular)
iskrom (dative plural)
iskrę (accusative singular)
iskry (accusative plural)
iskrą (instrumental singular)
iskrami (instrumental plural)
iskrze (locative singular)
iskrach (locative plural)
iskro (singular vocative)
iskry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьskra. Doublet of jaskier, jaskra, and skra.


boi

inflection of boja:
genitive/dative/locative singular


skarpeta

skarpetka (diminutive)
skarpeta (nominative singular)
skarpety (nominative plural)
skarpety (genitive singular)
skarpet (genitive plural)
skarpecie (dative singular)
skarpetom (dative plural)
skarpetę (accusative singular)
skarpety (accusative plural)
skarpetą (instrumental singular)
skarpetami (instrumental plural)
skarpecie (locative singular)
skarpetach (locative plural)
skarpeto (singular vocative)
skarpety (plural vocative)

(aviation, informal, meteorology) windsock


orka

orka (nominative singular)
orki (genitive singular)
orce (dative singular)
orkę (accusative singular)
orką (instrumental singular)
orce (locative singular)
orko (singular vocative)


orka

orka (nominative singular)
orki (nominative plural)
orki (genitive singular)
orek (genitive plural)
orce (dative singular)
orkom (dative plural)
orkę (accusative singular)
orki (accusative plural)
orką (instrumental singular)
orkami (instrumental plural)
orce (locative singular)
orkach (locative plural)
orko (singular vocative)
orki (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: órka


eudemonia

eudemonia (nominative singular)
eudemonii (genitive singular)
eudemonii (dative singular)
eudemonię (accusative singular)
eudemonią (instrumental singular)
eudemonii (locative singular)
eudemonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονία (eudaimonía).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) Alternative form of eudajmonia


onomatopeja

onomatopeja (nominative singular)
onomatopeje (nominative plural)
onomatopei (genitive singular)
onomatopei (genitive plural)
onomatopej (genitive plural)
onomatopei (dative singular)
onomatopejom (dative plural)
onomatopeję (accusative singular)
onomatopeje (accusative plural)
onomatopeją (instrumental singular)
onomatopejami (instrumental plural)
onomatopei (locative singular)
onomatopejach (locative plural)
onomatopejo (singular vocative)
onomatopeje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀνοματοποιία (onomatopoiía, “the coining of a word in imitation of a sound”), from ὀνοματοποιέω (onomatopoiéō, “to coin names”), from ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”) + ποιέω (poiéō, “to make, to do, to produce”).

ὀνοματοποιία

(rhetoric) onomatopoeia (word that sounds like what it represents)


teratoma

teratoma (nominative singular)
teratomy (nominative plural)
teratomy (genitive singular)
teratom (genitive plural)
teratomie (dative singular)
teratomom (dative plural)
teratomę (accusative singular)
teratomy (accusative plural)
teratomą (instrumental singular)
teratomami (instrumental plural)
teratomie (locative singular)
teratomach (locative plural)
teratomo (singular vocative)
teratomy (plural vocative)


bibliomania

bibliomania (nominative singular)
bibliomanii (genitive singular)
bibliomanii (dative singular)
bibliomanię (accusative singular)
bibliomanią (instrumental singular)
bibliomanii (locative singular)
bibliomanio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -mania. First attested in 1819.


ameba

ameba (nominative singular)
ameby (nominative plural)
ameby (genitive singular)
ameb (genitive plural)
amebie (dative singular)
amebom (dative plural)
amebę (accusative singular)
ameby (accusative plural)
amebą (instrumental singular)
amebami (instrumental plural)
amebie (locative singular)
amebach (locative plural)
amebo (singular vocative)
ameby (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Amöbe or English amoeba, ultimately from New Latin amoeba, from Ancient Greek ἀμοιβή (amoibḗ, “change”). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

ameba in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

maleńka ameba

zakażenie amebą

(more generally) amoeba, amoeboid (unicellular organism which has the ability to alter its shape)

kosmopolityczna ameba

ameba społeczna

(colloquial, derogatory) amoeba (unintelligent or spineless person)


aleja

pl-noun

aleja f (diminutive alejka, abbreviation al.)

alejka (diminutive)
al. (abbreviation)
aleja (nominative singular)
aleje (nominative plural)
alei (genitive singular)
alej (genitive plural)
alei (dative singular)
alejom (dative plural)
aleję (accusative singular)
aleje (accusative plural)
aleją (instrumental singular)
alejami (instrumental plural)
alei (locative singular)
alejach (locative plural)
alejo (singular vocative)
aleje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French allée. First attested in 1676–1686.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (21.07.2011) “ALEA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

avenue, drive, boulevard (broad street, especially one bordered by trees)


tama

tama (nominative singular)
tamy (nominative plural)
tamy (genitive singular)
tam (genitive plural)
tamie (dative singular)
tamom (dative plural)
tamę (accusative singular)
tamy (accusative plural)
tamą (instrumental singular)
tamami (instrumental plural)
tamie (locative singular)
tamach (locative plural)
tamo (singular vocative)
tamy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German tam(m).


anglomania

anglomania (nominative singular)
anglomanii (genitive singular)
anglomanii (dative singular)
anglomanię (accusative singular)
anglomanią (instrumental singular)
anglomanii (locative singular)
anglomanio (singular vocative)


dama

dama (nominative singular)
damy (nominative plural)
damy (genitive singular)
dam (genitive plural)
damie (dative singular)
damom (dative plural)
damę (accusative singular)
damy (accusative plural)
damą (instrumental singular)
damami (instrumental plural)
damie (locative singular)
damach (locative plural)
damo (singular vocative)
damy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French dame, Old French dame, from Late Latin domna, shortened variant of Latin domina. Doublet of domina.

dama karo

dama kier

dama pik

dama trefl


salmonella

salmonella (nominative singular)
salmonelle (nominative plural)
salmonelli (genitive singular)
salmonelli (genitive plural)
salmonelli (dative singular)
salmonellom (dative plural)
salmonellę (accusative singular)
salmonelle (accusative plural)
salmonellą (instrumental singular)
salmonellami (instrumental plural)
salmonelli (locative singular)
salmonellach (locative plural)
salmonello (singular vocative)
salmonelle (plural vocative)

Named after American veterinarian Daniel Elmer Salmon.

named-after

salmonella (any of several rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Salmonella)


fama

fama (nominative singular)
famy (genitive singular)
famie (dative singular)
famę (accusative singular)
famą (instrumental singular)
famie (locative singular)
famo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin fāma. Doublet of fejm.


baja

baja (nominative singular)
baje (nominative plural)
bai (genitive singular)
baj (genitive plural)
bai (dative singular)
bajom (dative plural)
baję (accusative singular)
baje (accusative plural)
bają (instrumental singular)
bajami (instrumental plural)
bai (locative singular)
bajach (locative plural)
bajo (singular vocative)
baje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Baie, from French baie.


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French moire. First attested in 1677–1690. Doublet of moher.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

moiré (a fabric, often silk, which has a watery or wavelike appearance)

moiré (a pattern that emerges when two grids are superimposed over one another, sometimes unintended or undesirable in many applications, such as in weaving, screenprinting, and halftoning)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (genitive singular)
morze (dative singular)
morę (accusative singular)
morą (instrumental singular)
morze (locative singular)
moro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian morra. First attested in 1677–1690.

morra (a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown)


mora

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

(poetry) mora (a unit used to measure lines and stanzas of poetry)

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


mora

Brückner rejects a relationship to mara (“mare, nightmare”). Variation of zmora. First attested in 1528.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “mora”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete or regional) Alternative form of zmora


kulturystyka

pl-noun

kulturystyka f (related adjective kulturystyczny)

kulturystyczny (adjective)
kulturystyka (nominative singular)
kulturystyki (genitive singular)
kulturystyce (dative singular)
kulturystykę (accusative singular)
kulturystyką (instrumental singular)
kulturystyce (locative singular)
kulturystyko (singular vocative)

(bodybuilding) bodybuilding (sport of muscle development)


hala

hala (nominative singular)
hale (nominative plural)
hali (genitive singular)
hali (genitive plural)
hal (genitive plural)
hali (dative singular)
halom (dative plural)
halę (accusative singular)
hale (accusative plural)
halą (instrumental singular)
halami (instrumental plural)
hali (locative singular)
halach (locative plural)
halo (singular vocative)
hale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Halle or French halle, both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *hallu, from Proto-Germanic *hallō. Doublet of hol (“hallway, lobby”) and cela (“cell”).

doublet

hala produkcyjna


hala

mountain meadow in the Alpine tundra, above the tree line


tuatara

tuatara (nominative singular)
tuatary (nominative plural)
tuatary (genitive singular)
tuatar (genitive plural)
tuatarze (dative singular)
tuatarom (dative plural)
tuatarę (accusative singular)
tuatary (accusative plural)
tuatarą (instrumental singular)
tuatarami (instrumental plural)
tuatarze (locative singular)
tuatarach (locative plural)
tuataro (singular vocative)
tuatary (plural vocative)


Amalia

Amalia (nominative singular)
Amalie (nominative plural)
Amalii (genitive singular)
Amalii (genitive plural)
Amalij (archaic genitive plural)
Amalii (dative singular)
Amaliom (dative plural)
Amalię (accusative singular)
Amalie (accusative plural)
Amalią (instrumental singular)
Amaliami (instrumental plural)
Amalii (locative singular)
Amaliach (locative plural)
Amalio (singular vocative)
Amalie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Amalia


Amelia

Amelia (nominative singular)
Amelie (nominative plural)
Amelii (genitive singular)
Amelii (genitive plural)
Amelij (archaic genitive plural)
Amelii (dative singular)
Ameliom (dative plural)
Amelię (accusative singular)
Amelie (accusative plural)
Amelią (instrumental singular)
Ameliami (instrumental plural)
Amelii (locative singular)
Ameliach (locative plural)
Amelio (singular vocative)
Amelie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Amelia


Macha

Macha (nominative singular)
Machy (nominative plural)
Machy (genitive singular)
Mach (genitive plural)
Masze (dative singular)
Machom (dative plural)
Machę (accusative singular)
Machy (accusative plural)
Machą (instrumental singular)
Machami (instrumental plural)
Masze (locative singular)
Machach (locative plural)
Macho (singular vocative)
Machy (plural vocative)


kusza

kusza (nominative singular)
kusze (nominative plural)
kuszy (genitive singular)
kusz (genitive plural)
kuszy (dative singular)
kuszom (dative plural)
kuszę (accusative singular)
kusze (accusative plural)
kuszą (instrumental singular)
kuszami (instrumental plural)
kuszy (locative singular)
kuszach (locative plural)
kuszo (singular vocative)
kusze (plural vocative)

Unknown, perhaps borrowed from Czech kuše.

crossbow (mechanised weapon, based on the bow and arrow)


oaza

oaza (nominative singular)
oazy (nominative plural)
oazy (genitive singular)
oaz (genitive plural)
oazie (dative singular)
oazom (dative plural)
oazę (accusative singular)
oazy (accusative plural)
oazą (instrumental singular)
oazami (instrumental plural)
oazie (locative singular)
oazach (locative plural)
oazo (singular vocative)
oazy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Oase, from Late Latin Oasis, from Ancient Greek Ὄασις (Óasis), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian wḥꜣt (“oasis, cauldron”).

oasis (spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert)

oasis (quiet, peaceful place or situation)


rama

ramka (diminutive)
rama (nominative singular)
ramy (nominative plural)
ramy (genitive singular)
ram (genitive plural)
ramie (dative singular)
ramom (dative plural)
ramę (accusative singular)
ramy (accusative plural)
ramą (instrumental singular)
ramami (instrumental plural)
ramie (locative singular)
ramach (locative plural)
ramo (singular vocative)
ramy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)

→ Kashubian: rama

desctree

→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Azerbaijani: rama
→ Ingush: рама (rama)
→ Yakut: араама (araama)

→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)

Inherited from Old Polish rama. Compare German Rahmen.

frame (connected strips surrounding a mirror, picture or glass)

frame (main structural element of a vehicle to which other parts are attached)

frame (rectangular object made of strips or tubing used to hold something in place)

frame (specific conventional limit of something)

(obsolete) package containing 250 matchboxes

(obsolete) edge (outside most part of something, particularly of fabric)


kantalupa

kantalupa (nominative singular)
kantalupy (nominative plural)
kantalupy (genitive singular)
kantalup (genitive plural)
kantalupie (dative singular)
kantalupom (dative plural)
kantalupę (accusative singular)
kantalupy (accusative plural)
kantalupą (instrumental singular)
kantalupami (instrumental plural)
kantalupie (locative singular)
kantalupach (locative plural)
kantalupo (singular vocative)
kantalupy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cantaloupe, from Italian Cantalupo.

cantaloupe, rockmelon, spanspek, sweet melon


harmonika

harmonika (nominative singular)
harmoniki (nominative plural)
harmoniki (genitive singular)
harmonik (genitive plural)
harmonice (dative singular)
harmonikom (dative plural)
harmonikę (accusative singular)
harmoniki (accusative plural)
harmoniką (instrumental singular)
harmonikami (instrumental plural)
harmonice (locative singular)
harmonikach (locative plural)
harmoniko (singular vocative)
harmoniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Harmonika, from Latin harmonicus, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονικός (harmonikós).


Gaza

gazański (adjective)
Gaza (nominative singular)
Gazy (genitive singular)
Gazie (dative singular)
Gazę (accusative singular)
Gazą (instrumental singular)
Gazie (locative singular)
Gazo (singular vocative)

Gaza (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant)

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


cuma

cuma (nominative singular)
cumy (nominative plural)
cumy (genitive singular)
cum (genitive plural)
cumie (dative singular)
cumom (dative plural)
cumę (accusative singular)
cumy (accusative plural)
cumą (instrumental singular)
cumami (instrumental plural)
cumie (locative singular)
cumach (locative plural)
cumo (singular vocative)
cumy (plural vocative)


gazela

gazela (nominative singular)
gazele (nominative plural)
gazeli (genitive singular)
gazel (genitive plural)
gazeli (genitive plural)
gazeli (dative singular)
gazelom (dative plural)
gazelę (accusative singular)
gazele (accusative plural)
gazelą (instrumental singular)
gazelami (instrumental plural)
gazeli (locative singular)
gazelach (locative plural)
gazelo (singular vocative)
gazele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gazelle, from Old French gazel, from Arabic غَزَال (ḡazāl).


liana

liana (nominative singular)
liany (nominative plural)
liany (genitive singular)
lian (genitive plural)
lianie (dative singular)
lianom (dative plural)
lianę (accusative singular)
liany (accusative plural)
lianą (instrumental singular)
lianami (instrumental plural)
lianie (locative singular)
lianach (locative plural)
liano (singular vocative)
liany (plural vocative)


glista

glista (nominative singular)
glisty (nominative plural)
glisty (genitive singular)
glist (genitive plural)
gliście (dative singular)
glistom (dative plural)
glistę (accusative singular)
glisty (accusative plural)
glistą (instrumental singular)
glistami (instrumental plural)
gliście (locative singular)
glistach (locative plural)
glisto (singular vocative)
glisty (plural vocative)

roundworm (animal of the phylum Nematoida)


mary

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of mara:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


boja

boja (nominative singular)
boje (nominative plural)
boi (genitive singular)
boi (genitive plural)
boj (genitive plural)
boi (dative singular)
bojom (dative plural)
boję (accusative singular)
boje (accusative plural)
boją (instrumental singular)
bojami (instrumental plural)
boi (locative singular)
bojach (locative plural)
bojo (singular vocative)
boje (plural vocative)

(nautical) buoy (float moored in water to mark a location, warn of danger, indicate a navigational channel, or for other purposes)


farba

farbka (diminutive)
farba (nominative singular)
farby (nominative plural)
farby (genitive singular)
farb (genitive plural)
farbie (dative singular)
farbom (dative plural)
farbę (accusative singular)
farby (accusative plural)
farbą (instrumental singular)
farbami (instrumental plural)
farbie (locative singular)
farbach (locative plural)
farbo (singular vocative)
farby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Farbe. Doublet of barwa.

paint (substance that is applied as a liquid or paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or adds color to an object or surface to which it has been applied)


kasa

kasa (nominative singular)
kasy (nominative plural)
kasy (genitive singular)
kas (genitive plural)
kasie (dative singular)
kasom (dative plural)
kasę (accusative singular)
kasy (accusative plural)
kasą (instrumental singular)
kasami (instrumental plural)
kasie (locative singular)
kasach (locative plural)
kaso (singular vocative)
kasy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa. Cognate with English cash.


tara

tara (nominative singular)
tary (nominative plural)
tary (genitive singular)
tar (genitive plural)
tarze (dative singular)
tarom (dative plural)
tarę (accusative singular)
tary (accusative plural)
tarą (instrumental singular)
tarami (instrumental plural)
tarze (locative singular)
tarach (locative plural)
taro (singular vocative)
tary (plural vocative)

washboard (board used to hand wash laundry)


tara

Borrowed from Italian tara, from Arabic طَرْحَة (ṭarḥa).


okra

okra (nominative singular)
okry (nominative plural)
okry (genitive singular)
okr (genitive plural)
okrze (dative singular)
okrom (dative plural)
okrę (accusative singular)
okry (accusative plural)
okrą (instrumental singular)
okrami (instrumental plural)
okrze (locative singular)
okrach (locative plural)
okro (singular vocative)
okry (plural vocative)

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual

okra (edible capsules of Abelmoschus esculentus)


noga

pl-noun

noga f (diminutive nóżka, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożny)

nóżka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożny (adjective)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nóg (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
nogę (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogą (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)

(colloquial) clumsy or inept person [with z (+ genitive) ‘at what’]

(mining) part of a coal deposit to protect miners from a ceiling collapse

(Middle Polish, prosody) foot (basic measure of rhythm in a poem)

(Middle Polish) foot; Further details are uncertain.

Coordinate term: głowy

(in the plural) foot (part of an object, e.g. a bed, where a person would place their feet)

(obsolete, in the plural, beekeeping) bottom of a beehive


bandera

bandera (nominative singular)
bandery (nominative plural)
bandery (genitive singular)
bander (genitive plural)
banderze (dative singular)
banderom (dative plural)
banderę (accusative singular)
bandery (accusative plural)
banderą (instrumental singular)
banderami (instrumental plural)
banderze (locative singular)
banderach (locative plural)
bandero (singular vocative)
bandery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish, from Italian bandiera.

ensign (the principal flag or banner flown by a ship to indicate nationality)


Tania

Tania (nominative singular)
Tanie (nominative plural)
Tani (genitive singular)
Tań (genitive plural)
Tani (dative singular)
Taniom (dative plural)
Tanię (accusative singular)
Tanie (accusative plural)
Tanią (instrumental singular)
Taniami (instrumental plural)
Tani (locative singular)
Taniach (locative plural)
Taniu (singular vocative)
Tanie (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Tatiana


Stefan

Learned borrowing from Latin Stephanus. Doublet of Szczepan.


Tatiana

Tania (diminutive)
Tatiana (nominative singular)
Tatiany (nominative plural)
Tatiany (genitive singular)
Tatian (genitive plural)
Tatianie (dative singular)
Tatianom (dative plural)
Tatianę (accusative singular)
Tatiany (accusative plural)
Tatianą (instrumental singular)
Tatianami (instrumental plural)
Tatianie (locative singular)
Tatianach (locative plural)
Tatiano (singular vocative)
Tatiany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Татья́на (Tatʹjána). Doublet of Tacjana.

bor+

a female given name from Russian [in turn from Latin], equivalent to English Tatiana


latria

latria (nominative singular)
latrii (genitive singular)
latrii (dative singular)
latrię (accusative singular)
latrią (instrumental singular)
latrii (locative singular)
latrio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λατρεία (latreía).

lbor

(religion) cult; worship (giving divine honor to someone or something)

(Christianity, theology) latria (highest form of worship, named adoration, properly given to the triune God alone)


K2 (a mountain in Himalayas, the world’s second highest mountain)


Nina

Nina (nominative singular)
Niny (nominative plural)
Niny (genitive singular)
Nin (genitive plural)
Ninie (dative singular)
Ninom (dative plural)
Ninę (accusative singular)
Niny (accusative plural)
Niną (instrumental singular)
Ninami (instrumental plural)
Ninie (locative singular)
Ninach (locative plural)
Nino (singular vocative)
Niny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Nina


uwagi

inflection of uwaga:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


Roberta

Robert (masculine)
Roberta (nominative singular)
Roberty (nominative plural)
Roberty (genitive singular)
Robert (genitive plural)
Robercie (dative singular)
Robertom (dative plural)
Robertę (accusative singular)
Roberty (accusative plural)
Robertą (instrumental singular)
Robertami (instrumental plural)
Robercie (locative singular)
Robertach (locative plural)
Roberto (singular vocative)
Roberty (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Roberta


Marta

Marta (nominative singular)
Marty (nominative plural)
Marty (genitive singular)
Mart (genitive plural)
Marcie (dative singular)
Martom (dative plural)
Martę (accusative singular)
Marty (accusative plural)
Martą (instrumental singular)
Martami (instrumental plural)
Marcie (locative singular)
Martach (locative plural)
Marto (singular vocative)
Marty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Martha, from Ancient Greek Μάρθα (Mártha), from Aramaic מָרְתָא (mārtā).

a female given name, equivalent to English Martha


Faraday

Unadapted borrowing from English Faraday.


harfa

harfa (nominative singular)
harfy (nominative plural)
harfy (genitive singular)
harf (genitive plural)
harfie (dative singular)
harfom (dative plural)
harfę (accusative singular)
harfy (accusative plural)
harfą (instrumental singular)
harfami (instrumental plural)
harfie (locative singular)
harfach (locative plural)
harfo (singular vocative)
harfy (plural vocative)


manna

pl-noun

manna f (related adjective manniany or mannowy)

manniany (adjective)
mannowy (adjective)
manna (nominative singular)
manny (nominative plural)
manny (genitive singular)
mann (genitive plural)
mannie (dative singular)
mannom (dative plural)
mannę (accusative singular)
manny (accusative plural)
manną (instrumental singular)
mannami (instrumental plural)
mannie (locative singular)
mannach (locative plural)
manno (singular vocative)
manny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin manna.

farina (fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery)

(biblical) manna (food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus)

mannagrass, sweetgrass (any grass of the genus Glyceria)

manna (sugary sap of the manna gum tree)

rim lichen (any lichen of the genus Lecanora)


Malezja

Malezja (nominative singular)
Malezji (genitive singular)
Malezji (dative singular)
Malezję (accusative singular)
Malezją (instrumental singular)
Malezji (locative singular)
Malezjo (singular vocative)


runa

runa (nominative singular)
runy (nominative plural)
runy (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runie (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runę (accusative singular)
runy (accusative plural)
runą (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runy (plural vocative)

From Old Norse rún (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.


sonata

sonata (nominative singular)
sonaty (nominative plural)
sonaty (genitive singular)
sonat (genitive plural)
sonacie (dative singular)
sonatom (dative plural)
sonatę (accusative singular)
sonaty (accusative plural)
sonatą (instrumental singular)
sonatami (instrumental plural)
sonacie (locative singular)
sonatach (locative plural)
sonato (singular vocative)
sonaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian sonata, from the feminine past participle of sonare (modern suonare), from Latin sonāre (“to make sound”).


rzeczpospolita

rzplita (abbreviation)
rzeczpospolita (nominative singular)
rzeczypospolite (nominative plural)
rzeczypospolitej (genitive singular)
rzeczypospolitych (genitive plural)
rzeczypospolitej (dative singular)
rzeczompospolitym (dative plural)
rzeczpospolitą (accusative singular)
rzeczypospolite (accusative plural)
rzecząpospolitą (instrumental singular)
rzeczamipospolitymi (instrumental plural)
rzeczypospolitej (locative singular)
rzeczachpospolitych (locative plural)
rzeczypospolita (singular vocative)
rzeczypospolite (plural vocative)
rzeczpospolita (nominative singular)
rzeczpospolite (nominative plural)
rzeczpospolitej (genitive singular)
rzeczpospolitych (genitive plural)
rzeczpospolitej (dative singular)
rzeczpospolitym (dative plural)
rzeczpospolitą (accusative singular)
rzeczpospolite (accusative plural)
rzeczpospolitą (instrumental singular)
rzeczpospolitymi (instrumental plural)
rzeczpospolitej (locative singular)
rzeczpospolitych (locative plural)
rzeczpospolita (singular vocative)
rzeczpospolite (plural vocative)

Univerbation of rzecz (“thing”) + pospolita (“common”). Calque of Latin rēspūblica (“public affair”).


Karelia

Karelia (nominative singular)
Karelii (genitive singular)
Karelii (dative singular)
Karelię (accusative singular)
Karelią (instrumental singular)
Karelii (locative singular)
Karelio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Каре́лия (Karélija), from Medieval Latin Carēlia, from Swedish Karelen and Finnish Karjala.

bor+

Karelia (a republic of Russia; capital: Petrozavodsk)


Altair

(astronomy) Altair (white main-sequence star)


horda

horda (nominative singular)
hordy (nominative plural)
hordy (genitive singular)
hord (genitive plural)
hordzie (dative singular)
hordom (dative plural)
hordę (accusative singular)
hordy (accusative plural)
hordą (instrumental singular)
hordami (instrumental plural)
hordzie (locative singular)
hordach (locative plural)
hordo (singular vocative)
hordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Tatar орда (orda). Doublet of orda.


osa

osa (nominative singular)
osy (nominative plural)
osy (genitive singular)
os (genitive plural)
ós (genitive plural)
osie (dative singular)
osom (dative plural)
osę (accusative singular)
osy (accusative plural)
osą (instrumental singular)
osami (instrumental plural)
osie (locative singular)
osach (locative plural)
oso (singular vocative)
osy (plural vocative)

Osa użądliła ją w udo.


kosa

kosa (nominative singular)
kosy (nominative plural)
kosy (genitive singular)
kos (genitive plural)
kosie (dative singular)
kosom (dative plural)
kosę (accusative singular)
kosy (accusative plural)
kosą (instrumental singular)
kosami (instrumental plural)
kosie (locative singular)
kosach (locative plural)
koso (singular vocative)
kosy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

(geography) spit that extends into the deep sea, instead of closing off a lagoon

Mieć z kimś kosę


marka

marka (nominative singular)
marki (nominative plural)
marki (genitive singular)
marek (genitive plural)
marce (dative singular)
markom (dative plural)
markę (accusative singular)
marki (accusative plural)
marką (instrumental singular)
markami (instrumental plural)
marce (locative singular)
markach (locative plural)
marko (singular vocative)
marki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Marke, from French marque, from Proto-Germanic *marką.

(historical) convertible mark (former unit of currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

(historical) ostmark (former unit of currency of East Germany)

(historical) mark (former unit of currency of Estonia)

(historical) markka (former unit of currency of Finland)

(historical) Deutsche Mark (former unit of currency of Germany)

(historical) mark (former unit of currency of Poland)


Mira

Mira (nominative singular)
Miry (nominative plural)
Miry (genitive singular)
Mir (genitive plural)
Mirze (dative singular)
Mirom (dative plural)
Mirę (accusative singular)
Miry (accusative plural)
Mirą (instrumental singular)
Mirami (instrumental plural)
Mirze (locative singular)
Mirach (locative plural)
Miro (singular vocative)
Miry (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Mira


mafia

mafia (nominative singular)
mafie (nominative plural)
mafii (genitive singular)
mafii (genitive plural)
mafij (archaic genitive plural)
mafii (dative singular)
mafiom (dative plural)
mafię (accusative singular)
mafie (accusative plural)
mafią (instrumental singular)
mafiami (instrumental plural)
mafii (locative singular)
mafiach (locative plural)
mafio (singular vocative)
mafie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian mafia, from Sicilian.

mafia (trusted group of associates, as of a political leader)


kreda

kreda (nominative singular)
kredy (nominative plural)
kredy (genitive singular)
kred (genitive plural)
kredzie (dative singular)
kredom (dative plural)
kredę (accusative singular)
kredy (accusative plural)
kredą (instrumental singular)
kredami (instrumental plural)
kredzie (locative singular)
kredach (locative plural)
kredo (singular vocative)
kredy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kreide, from Middle High German krīde, from Old High German krīda, from Vulgar Latin *crēda, from Latin crēta. Doublet of Kreta.


ruga

ruga (nominative singular)
rugi (nominative plural)
rugi (genitive singular)
rug (genitive plural)
rudze (dative singular)
rugom (dative plural)
rugę (accusative singular)
rugi (accusative plural)
rugą (instrumental singular)
rugami (instrumental plural)
rudze (locative singular)
rugach (locative plural)
rugo (singular vocative)
rugi (plural vocative)

(colloquial) scolding, slating (criticism)


-ini

-ini (nominative singular)
-inie (nominative plural)
-ini (genitive singular)
-iń (genitive plural)
-ini (dative singular)
-iniom (dative plural)
-inię (accusative singular)
-inie (accusative plural)
-inią (instrumental singular)
-iniami (instrumental plural)
-ini (locative singular)
-iniach (locative plural)
-ini (singular vocative)
-inie (plural vocative)

bóg + -ini → bogini

forms feminine nouns from masculine words, used after ch, k, and g


Halacha

Halacha (nominative singular)
Halachy (genitive singular)
Halasze (dative singular)
Halachę (accusative singular)
Halachą (instrumental singular)
Halasze (locative singular)
Halacho (singular vocative)

(Jewish law) Halacha (Jewish law, taken as a whole)


pepsi

Unadapted borrowing from English Pepsi. Genericized trademark.


xenia

xenia (nominative singular)
xenie (nominative plural)
xenii (genitive singular)
xenii (genitive plural)
xenij (archaic genitive plural)
xenii (dative singular)
xeniom (dative plural)
xenię (accusative singular)
xenie (accusative plural)
xenią (instrumental singular)
xeniami (instrumental plural)
xenii (locative singular)
xeniach (locative plural)
xenio (singular vocative)
xenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξενίᾱ (xeníā).

lbor

(poetry) Xenien (biting epigram in the form of a two-line poem)


acedia

acedia (nominative singular)
acedii (genitive singular)
acedii (dative singular)
acedię (accusative singular)
acedią (instrumental singular)
acedii (locative singular)
acedio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin acedia, from Ancient Greek ἀκηδίᾱ (akēdíā). First attested in 1870.

ref

Kurjer Warszawski (in Polish), volume 50, number 41, 1870, page 2


Krystyna

pl-proper noun

Krystyna f (male equivalent Krystyn, diminutive Krysia)

Krystyn (masculine)
Krysia (diminutive)
Krystyna (nominative singular)
Krystyny (nominative plural)
Krystyny (genitive singular)
Krystyn (genitive plural)
Krystynie (dative singular)
Krystynom (dative plural)
Krystynę (accusative singular)
Krystyny (accusative plural)
Krystyną (instrumental singular)
Krystynami (instrumental plural)
Krystynie (locative singular)
Krystynach (locative plural)
Krystyno (singular vocative)
Krystyny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Christina


stela

stela (nominative singular)
stele (nominative plural)
steli (genitive singular)
stel (genitive plural)
steli (dative singular)
stelom (dative plural)
stelę (accusative singular)
stele (accusative plural)
stelą (instrumental singular)
stelami (instrumental plural)
steli (locative singular)
stelach (locative plural)
stelo (singular vocative)
stele (plural vocative)

(archaeology, sculpture) stele, stela (tall, slender stone monument)

(botany) stele (central core of the root and shoot system)


melancholia

melancholia (nominative singular)
melancholie (nominative plural)
melancholii (genitive singular)
melancholii (genitive plural)
melancholij (archaic genitive plural)
melancholii (dative singular)
melancholiom (dative plural)
melancholię (accusative singular)
melancholie (accusative plural)
melancholią (instrumental singular)
melancholiami (instrumental plural)
melancholii (locative singular)
melancholiach (locative plural)
melancholio (singular vocative)
melancholie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).


Mauretania

Mauretania (nominative singular)
Mauretanii (genitive singular)
Mauretanii (dative singular)
Mauretanię (accusative singular)
Mauretanią (instrumental singular)
Mauretanii (locative singular)
Mauretanio (singular vocative)


pomoc

pomoc (nominative singular)
pomoce (nominative plural)
pomocy (genitive singular)
pomocy (genitive plural)
pomocy (dative singular)
pomocom (dative plural)
pomoc (accusative singular)
pomoce (accusative plural)
pomocą (instrumental singular)
pomocami (instrumental plural)
pomocy (locative singular)
pomocach (locative plural)
pomocy (singular vocative)
pomoce (plural vocative)

(uncountable) help (action done to aid others)

(uncountable) help (those providing aid)

(countable) help (person employed to help)

(countable) aid (device used to make a task easier)

(uncountable) aid (act of giving financial support)


pornografia

pornografia (nominative singular)
pornografii (genitive singular)
pornografii (dative singular)
pornografię (accusative singular)
pornografią (instrumental singular)
pornografii (locative singular)
pornografio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French pornographie, from Ancient Greek πορνογράφος (pornográphos), from πορνεία (porneía, “fornication, prostitution”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I depict”).

der

pornography (depiction of sexual subject matter with prurient intent)


-ina

-ina (nominative singular)
-iny (nominative plural)
-iny (genitive singular)
-in (genitive plural)
-inie (dative singular)
-inom (dative plural)
-inę (accusative singular)
-iny (accusative plural)
-iną (instrumental singular)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inie (locative singular)
-inach (locative plural)
-ino (singular vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames (ending with -a and -g, -ge, -go) to form nouns meaning: wife of

(obsolete) appended to animals to mean meat of

(obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of

forms feminine nouns of various meanings


flota

flota (nominative singular)
floty (nominative plural)
floty (genitive singular)
flot (genitive plural)
flocie (dative singular)
flotom (dative plural)
flotę (accusative singular)
floty (accusative plural)
flotą (instrumental singular)
flotami (instrumental plural)
flocie (locative singular)
flotach (locative plural)
floto (singular vocative)
floty (plural vocative)

Zakłady ubezpieczeń różnie definiują flotę pojazdów. Najczęściej ubezpieczyciele za flotę uważają 10 – 20 pojazdów, ale polityka towarzystw staje się coraz elastyczniejsza i można znaleźć oferty ubezpieczenia flotowego dla przedsiębiorstw dysponujących nawet pięcioma samochodami.

2012 February 9, Regina Skibińska, “Ubezpieczenie floty samochodów: Jedna polisa OC dla całej firmowej floty”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-30

Insurance companies define a group of vehicles differently. Most often, insurers consider a group to be 10 - 20 vehicles, but companies' policy is becoming more flexible, and you can find offers of group insurance for businesses using even five cars.

fleet (all the vehicles owned by a company or organization)


pizzeria

pizzeria (nominative singular)
pizzerie (nominative plural)
pizzerii (genitive singular)
pizzerii (genitive plural)
pizzeryj (archaic genitive plural)
pizzerii (dative singular)
pizzeriom (dative plural)
pizzerię (accusative singular)
pizzerie (accusative plural)
pizzerią (instrumental singular)
pizzeriami (instrumental plural)
pizzerii (locative singular)
pizzeriach (locative plural)
pizzerio (singular vocative)
pizzerie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian pizzeria.

ubor

pizzeria (restaurant that bakes and sells pizzas)


gaza

gazowy (adjective)
gaza (nominative singular)
gazy (nominative plural)
gazy (genitive singular)
gaz (genitive plural)
gazie (dative singular)
gazom (dative plural)
gazę (accusative singular)
gazy (accusative plural)
gazą (instrumental singular)
gazami (instrumental plural)
gazie (locative singular)
gazach (locative plural)
gazo (singular vocative)
gazy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gaze, from Arabic قَزّ (qazz).

(medicine) gauze (cotton fabric used as surgical dressing)


republika

republika (nominative singular)
republiki (nominative plural)
republiki (genitive singular)
republik (genitive plural)
republice (dative singular)
republikom (dative plural)
republikę (accusative singular)
republiki (accusative plural)
republiką (instrumental singular)
republikami (instrumental plural)
republice (locative singular)
republikach (locative plural)
republiko (singular vocative)
republiki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French république, from Latin rēspublica.


ambra

ambra (nominative singular)
ambry (nominative plural)
ambry (genitive singular)
ambr (genitive plural)
ambrze (dative singular)
ambrom (dative plural)
ambrę (accusative singular)
ambry (accusative plural)
ambrą (instrumental singular)
ambrami (instrumental plural)
ambrze (locative singular)
ambrach (locative plural)
ambro (singular vocative)
ambry (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from French ambre, Italian ambra, or Spanish ámbar, ultimately from Medieval Latin ambra, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar). First attested in 1534.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ambra”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

zapach ambry

sweet gum, liquidambar (tree of the genus Liquidambar)


rasa

rasa (nominative singular)
rasy (nominative plural)
rasy (genitive singular)
ras (genitive plural)
rasie (dative singular)
rasom (dative plural)
rasę (accusative singular)
rasy (accusative plural)
rasą (instrumental singular)
rasami (instrumental plural)
rasie (locative singular)
rasach (locative plural)
raso (singular vocative)
rasy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rasse, from French race, from Italian razza, possibly from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”).

breed, race; group of animals with well-defined inherited characteristics


mastaba

mastaba (nominative singular)
mastaby (nominative plural)
mastaby (genitive singular)
mastab (genitive plural)
mastabie (dative singular)
mastabom (dative plural)
mastabę (accusative singular)
mastaby (accusative plural)
mastabą (instrumental singular)
mastabami (instrumental plural)
mastabie (locative singular)
mastabach (locative plural)
mastabo (singular vocative)
mastaby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْطَبَة (miṣṭaba).

bor+

(archaeology) mastaba (rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that were situated on flat land)


paella

paella (nominative singular)
paelle (nominative plural)
paelli (genitive singular)
paelli (genitive plural)
paell (genitive plural)
paelli (dative singular)
paellom (dative plural)
paellę (accusative singular)
paelle (accusative plural)
paellą (instrumental singular)
paellami (instrumental plural)
paelli (locative singular)
paellach (locative plural)
paello (singular vocative)
paelle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish paella.

paella (savory Valencian dish made of rice, cooked in a frying pan with vegetables and meat or shellfish)


abulia

abulia (nominative singular)
abulii (genitive singular)
abulii (dative singular)
abulię (accusative singular)
abulią (instrumental singular)
abulii (locative singular)
abulio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀβουλία (aboulía). First attested in 1842.

ref

Józef Majer (1842) Niemiecko-polski słownik wyrazów lekarskich, page 87


norma

norma (nominative singular)
normy (nominative plural)
normy (genitive singular)
norm (genitive plural)
normie (dative singular)
normom (dative plural)
normę (accusative singular)
normy (accusative plural)
normą (instrumental singular)
normami (instrumental plural)
normie (locative singular)
normach (locative plural)
normo (singular vocative)
normy (plural vocative)


izba

pl-noun

izba f (diminutive izbeczka or izbina or izdebka, related adjective izbowy)

izbeczka (diminutive)
izbina (diminutive)
izdebka (diminutive)
izbowy (adjective)
izba (nominative singular)
izby (nominative plural)
izby (genitive singular)
izb (genitive plural)
izbie (dative singular)
izbom (dative plural)
izbę (accusative singular)
izby (accusative plural)
izbą (instrumental singular)
izbami (instrumental plural)
izbie (locative singular)
izbach (locative plural)
izbo (singular vocative)
izby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish izba. Doublet of sztuba.

(government) chamber, house, office (governmental body)


roba

roba (nominative singular)
roby (nominative plural)
roby (genitive singular)
rob (genitive plural)
robie (dative singular)
robom (dative plural)
robę (accusative singular)
roby (accusative plural)
robą (instrumental singular)
robami (instrumental plural)
robie (locative singular)
robach (locative plural)
robo (singular vocative)
roby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish roba, from Proto-Slavic *orba.


roba

(sailor slang) attire, clothes, clothing

(historical) type of exquisite, ornate gown


pana

pana (nominative singular)
pany (nominative plural)
pany (genitive singular)
pan (genitive plural)
panie (dative singular)
panom (dative plural)
panę (accusative singular)
pany (accusative plural)
paną (instrumental singular)
panami (instrumental plural)
panie (locative singular)
panach (locative plural)
pano (singular vocative)
pany (plural vocative)


huta

huta (nominative singular)
huty (nominative plural)
huty (genitive singular)
hut (genitive plural)
hucie (dative singular)
hutom (dative plural)
hutę (accusative singular)
huty (accusative plural)
hutą (instrumental singular)
hutami (instrumental plural)
hucie (locative singular)
hutach (locative plural)
huto (singular vocative)
huty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Hütte, from Middle High German hütte, from Old High German hutta, possibly from Proto-Germanic *hudjǭ.

glassworks (factory that produces glass)


buta

buta (nominative singular)
buty (genitive singular)
bucie (dative singular)
butę (accusative singular)
butą (instrumental singular)
bucie (locative singular)
buto (singular vocative)


ikra

ikra (nominative singular)
ikry (genitive singular)
ikrze (dative singular)
ikrę (accusative singular)
ikrą (instrumental singular)
ikrze (locative singular)
ikro (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьkra. Doublet of kra.

(colloquial, figurative) pep; spirit; zest; vigor


kasza

kaszka (diminutive)
kasza (nominative singular)
kasze (nominative plural)
kaszy (genitive singular)
kasz (genitive plural)
kaszy (dative singular)
kaszom (dative plural)
kaszę (accusative singular)
kasze (accusative plural)
kaszą (instrumental singular)
kaszami (instrumental plural)
kaszy (locative singular)
kaszach (locative plural)
kaszo (singular vocative)
kasze (plural vocative)

kasha, porridge (dish made from these grains)

(by extension) something fine and free-flowing

(colloquial, figuratively) commotion, disorder, mess


dalia

Named after Swedish botanist Anders Dahl.


dalia

dalia (nominative singular)
dalie (nominative plural)
dalii (genitive singular)
dalii (genitive plural)
dalij (archaic genitive plural)
dalii (dative singular)
daliom (dative plural)
dalię (accusative singular)
dalie (accusative plural)
dalią (instrumental singular)
daliami (instrumental plural)
dalii (locative singular)
daliach (locative plural)
dalio (singular vocative)
dalie (plural vocative)

Dallia pectoralis
Wikispecies:Dallia pectoralis


tarka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьrka. By surface analysis, trzeć + -ka.

washboard (board used to hand wash laundry)


tarka

tarka (nominative singular)
tarki (nominative plural)
tarki (genitive singular)
tarek (genitive plural)
tarce (dative singular)
tarkom (dative plural)
tarkę (accusative singular)
tarki (accusative plural)
tarką (instrumental singular)
tarkami (instrumental plural)
tarce (locative singular)
tarkach (locative plural)
tarko (singular vocative)
tarki (plural vocative)

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual

sloe (fruit of the blackthorn, Prunus spinosa)


fura

fura (nominative singular)
fury (nominative plural)
fury (genitive singular)
fur (genitive plural)
furze (dative singular)
furom (dative plural)
furę (accusative singular)
fury (accusative plural)
furą (instrumental singular)
furami (instrumental plural)
furze (locative singular)
furach (locative plural)
furo (singular vocative)
fury (plural vocative)

(colloquial) car, especially a fast and expensive one

(colloquial) a large quantity or excess (of something); literally a cartload


kora

kora (nominative singular)
kory (genitive singular)
korze (dative singular)
korę (accusative singular)
korą (instrumental singular)
korze (locative singular)
koro (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kora. Doublet of skóra, szer, and szkier.


kora

kora (nominative singular)
kory (nominative plural)
kory (genitive singular)
kor (genitive plural)
korze (dative singular)
korom (dative plural)
korę (accusative singular)
kory (accusative plural)
korą (instrumental singular)
korami (instrumental plural)
korze (locative singular)
korach (locative plural)
koro (singular vocative)
kory (plural vocative)


huba

Borrowed from Old Czech húba. Doublet of gęba.

bracket fungus, polypore, shelf fungus (tree fungus)


huba

huba (nominative singular)
huby (nominative plural)
huby (genitive singular)
hub (genitive plural)
hubie (dative singular)
hubom (dative plural)
hubę (accusative singular)
huby (accusative plural)
hubą (instrumental singular)
hubami (instrumental plural)
hubie (locative singular)
hubach (locative plural)
hubo (singular vocative)
huby (plural vocative)

(historical) land unit equal to 24 or 30 morgens

(chiefly in the plural, historical, obsolete) forest hamlet


kapa

kapka (diminutive)
kapa (nominative singular)
kapy (nominative plural)
kapy (genitive singular)
kap (genitive plural)
kapie (dative singular)
kapom (dative plural)
kapę (accusative singular)
kapy (accusative plural)
kapą (instrumental singular)
kapami (instrumental plural)
kapie (locative singular)
kapach (locative plural)
kapo (singular vocative)
kapy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin cappa. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Spanish capa.

sl

(equestrianism) horse blanket, rug (blanket placed underneath the saddle of a horse)

(bullfighting) cape (cloth used by a bullfighter to trick the bull)


kapa

(prison slang) lookout (session of watching for an approaching enemy)


Wilhelmina

Wilhelm (masculine)
Wilhelmina (nominative singular)
Wilhelminy (nominative plural)
Wilhelminy (genitive singular)
Wilhelmin (genitive plural)
Wilhelminie (dative singular)
Wilhelminom (dative plural)
Wilhelminę (accusative singular)
Wilhelminy (accusative plural)
Wilhelminą (instrumental singular)
Wilhelminami (instrumental plural)
Wilhelminie (locative singular)
Wilhelminach (locative plural)
Wilhelmino (singular vocative)
Wilhelminy (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Wilhelmina


bura

bura (nominative singular)
bury (nominative plural)
bury (genitive singular)
bur (genitive plural)
burze (dative singular)
burom (dative plural)
burę (accusative singular)
bury (accusative plural)
burą (instrumental singular)
burami (instrumental plural)
burze (locative singular)
burach (locative plural)
buro (singular vocative)
bury (plural vocative)


estrada

pl-noun

estrada f (diminutive estradka, related adjective estradowy)

estradka (diminutive)
estradowy (adjective)
estrada (nominative singular)
estrady (nominative plural)
estrady (genitive singular)
estrad (genitive plural)
estradzie (dative singular)
estradom (dative plural)
estradę (accusative singular)
estrady (accusative plural)
estradą (instrumental singular)
estradami (instrumental plural)
estradzie (locative singular)
estradach (locative plural)
estrado (singular vocative)
estrady (plural vocative)

(architecture) bandstand, platform (platform for bands to play on)

(comedy, music, figurative) music and cabaret entertainment industry


bila

bila (nominative singular)
bile (nominative plural)
bili (genitive singular)
bil (genitive plural)
bili (dative singular)
bilom (dative plural)
bilę (accusative singular)
bile (accusative plural)
bilą (instrumental singular)
bilami (instrumental plural)
bili (locative singular)
bilach (locative plural)
bilo (singular vocative)
bile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bille. First attested in 1837.

biała bila

czarna bila

kolorowa bila

bila uderza o coś/w coś

uderzyć (w) bilę


armada

armada (nominative singular)
armady (nominative plural)
armady (genitive singular)
armad (genitive plural)
armadzie (dative singular)
armadom (dative plural)
armadę (accusative singular)
armady (accusative plural)
armadą (instrumental singular)
armadami (instrumental plural)
armadzie (locative singular)
armadach (locative plural)
armado (singular vocative)
armady (plural vocative)

(military) armada (a fleet of warships, especially with reference to the Spanish Armada)

(military) armada (any large army or fleet of military vessels)

(by extension, literary) armada (a large flock of anything)


arba

arba (nominative singular)
arby (nominative plural)
arby (genitive singular)
arb (genitive plural)
arbie (dative singular)
arbom (dative plural)
arbę (accusative singular)
arby (accusative plural)
arbą (instrumental singular)
arbami (instrumental plural)
arbie (locative singular)
arbach (locative plural)
arbo (singular vocative)
arby (plural vocative)


cześć

cześć (nominative singular)
czci (genitive singular)
czci (dative singular)
cześć (accusative singular)
czcią (instrumental singular)
czci (locative singular)
czci (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kistis, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷit-tis.


Daniela

Daniel (masculine)
Daniela (nominative singular)
Daniele (nominative plural)
Danieli (genitive singular)
Daniel (genitive plural)
Danieli (dative singular)
Danielom (dative plural)
Danielę (accusative singular)
Daniele (accusative plural)
Danielą (instrumental singular)
Danielami (instrumental plural)
Danieli (locative singular)
Danielach (locative plural)
Danielo (singular vocative)
Danielu (singular vocative)
Daniele (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Daniela


gra

gierka (diminutive)
gra (nominative singular)
gry (nominative plural)
gry (genitive singular)
gier (genitive plural)
grze (dative singular)
grom (dative plural)
grę (accusative singular)
gry (accusative plural)
grą (instrumental singular)
grami (instrumental plural)
grze (locative singular)
grach (locative plural)
gro (singular vocative)
gry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish igra, from Proto-Slavic *jьgra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg-.


biga

Learned borrowing from Latin bīga. First attested in the first half of the 19th century.

etydate

(Ancient Rome, historical) biga (Roman racing chariot drawn by two horses abreast)


biga

biga (nominative singular)
bigi (nominative plural)
bigi (genitive singular)
big (genitive plural)
bidze (dative singular)
bigom (dative plural)
bigę (accusative singular)
bigi (accusative plural)
bigą (instrumental singular)
bigami (instrumental plural)
bidze (locative singular)
bigach (locative plural)
bigo (singular vocative)
bigi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German biegen. Doublet of Boh and Bug.

(printing) crease (element of the die-cutting machine used to emboss the bend line of the paper)


Daria

Dariusz (masculine)
Daria (nominative singular)
Darie (nominative plural)
Darii (genitive singular)
Darii (genitive plural)
Daryj (archaic genitive plural)
Darii (dative singular)
Dariom (dative plural)
Darię (accusative singular)
Darie (accusative plural)
Darią (instrumental singular)
Dariami (instrumental plural)
Darii (locative singular)
Dariach (locative plural)
Dario (singular vocative)
Darie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Daria


kupa

pl-noun

kupa f (diminutive kupka or kupcia, augmentative kupsko, related adjective kupowy)

kupka (diminutive)
kupcia (diminutive)
kupsko (augmentative)
kupowy (adjective)
kupa (nominative singular)
kupy (nominative plural)
kupy (genitive singular)
kup (genitive plural)
kupie (dative singular)
kupom (dative plural)
kupę (accusative singular)
kupy (accusative plural)
kupą (instrumental singular)
kupami (instrumental plural)
kupie (locative singular)
kupach (locative plural)
kupo (singular vocative)
kupy (plural vocative)

Na chodniku leżała psia kupa.

[…] można było odróżnić obcych żołnierzy, wieśniaków, niewiasty ciągnione przez rajtarów i broniących się bezładnymi kupami mężów.

1886, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Potop, volume 1

(…) you could distinguish foreign soldiers, paesants, women pulled by raytars and men defending themselves in disorganized groups.


Addis Abeba

Addis Abeba (nominative singular)
Addis Abeby (genitive singular)
Addis Abebie (dative singular)
Addis Abebę (accusative singular)
Addis Abebą (instrumental singular)
Addis Abebie (locative singular)
Addis Abebo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Amharic አዲስ አበባ (ʾädis ʾäbäba).

bor+

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


domina

domina (nominative singular)
dominy (nominative plural)
dominy (genitive singular)
domin (genitive plural)
dominie (dative singular)
dominom (dative plural)
dominę (accusative singular)
dominy (accusative plural)
dominą (instrumental singular)
dominami (instrumental plural)
dominie (locative singular)
dominach (locative plural)
domino (singular vocative)
dominy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin domina. Doublet of dama.

domina, dominatrix, domme (dominant female in sadomasochistic practices)


ruina

ruina (nominative singular)
ruiny (nominative plural)
ruiny (genitive singular)
ruin (genitive plural)
ruinie (dative singular)
ruinom (dative plural)
ruinę (accusative singular)
ruiny (accusative plural)
ruiną (instrumental singular)
ruinami (instrumental plural)
ruinie (locative singular)
ruinach (locative plural)
ruino (singular vocative)
ruiny (plural vocative)

ruin (remains of destroyed construction)

(colloquial) broken man, mess, train wreck (someone who is unbalanced and considered a mess; a disaster; one who is suffering personal ruin)


Praia

Praia (nominative singular)
Prai (genitive singular)
Prai (dative singular)
Praię (accusative singular)
Praią (instrumental singular)
Prai (locative singular)
Praio (singular vocative)


Luanda

Luanda (nominative singular)
Luandy (genitive singular)
Luandzie (dative singular)
Luandę (accusative singular)
Luandą (instrumental singular)
Luandzie (locative singular)
Luando (singular vocative)


czapka

pl-noun

czapka f (diminutive czapeczka, augmentative czapa)

czapeczka (diminutive)
czapa (augmentative)
czapka (nominative singular)
czapki (nominative plural)
czapki (genitive singular)
czapek (genitive plural)
czapce (dative singular)
czapkom (dative plural)
czapkę (accusative singular)
czapki (accusative plural)
czapką (instrumental singular)
czapkami (instrumental plural)
czapce (locative singular)
czapkach (locative plural)
czapko (singular vocative)
czapki (plural vocative)

From Old French chape + -ka, from Late Latin cappa, whence also kapa.


Brasília

Brasília (nominative singular)
Brasílii (genitive singular)
Brasílii (dative singular)
Brasílię (accusative singular)
Brasílią (instrumental singular)
Brasílii (locative singular)
Brasílio (singular vocative)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


fala

falowy (adjective)
fala (nominative singular)
fale (nominative plural)
fali (genitive singular)
fal (genitive plural)
fali (dative singular)
falom (dative plural)
falę (accusative singular)
fale (accusative plural)
falą (instrumental singular)
falami (instrumental plural)
fali (locative singular)
falach (locative plural)
falo (singular vocative)
fale (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: хва́ля (xválja)

→ Ukrainian: хви́ля (xvýlja)

Borrowed from German Welle. First attested in 1594. Displaced wełn.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “fala”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

wave (rise in water caused by wind or underwater seismic movements)

wave, surge (intensification of some phenomena)

(obsolete) surge, burst, flurry (sudden onset of precipitation)

Fala turystów wracających z wakacji spowodowała korki na drogach.

A wave of tourists returning from their holidays caused traffic jams on the roads.

wave, surge (very large number of people gathered in some place and constantly moving somewhere)

wave, surge (sudden appearance of intense feelings and sensations)

(physics) wave (moving disturbance in the energy level of a field)

wave; curl (hairstyle resembling a wave)

bullying (teasing from a higher grade to a lower grade in school, etc.)

(military) time remaining until the end of military service

(military) soldiers from a singular draft

(physics) wave (moving disturbance in a field)

wave (sudden, but temporary, uptick in something)


wata

wata (nominative singular)
waty (nominative plural)
waty (genitive singular)
wat (genitive plural)
wacie (dative singular)
watom (dative plural)
watę (accusative singular)
waty (accusative plural)
watą (instrumental singular)
watami (instrumental plural)
wacie (locative singular)
watach (locative plural)
wato (singular vocative)
waty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Watte, from Dutch watten, from Middle French ouate.


menda

menda (nominative singular)
mendy (nominative plural)
mendy (genitive singular)
mend (genitive plural)
mendzie (dative singular)
mendom (dative plural)
mendę (accusative singular)
mendy (accusative plural)
mendą (instrumental singular)
mendami (instrumental plural)
mendzie (locative singular)
mendach (locative plural)
mendo (singular vocative)
mendy (plural vocative)


Astana

Astana (nominative singular)
Astany (genitive singular)
Astanie (dative singular)
Astanę (accusative singular)
Astaną (instrumental singular)
Astanie (locative singular)
Astano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Kazakh Астана (Astana, “capital”), from Persian آستانه (âstâne).


szelki

inflection of szelka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


glina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glina, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gléiˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y-.


limba

limba (nominative singular)
limby (nominative plural)
limby (genitive singular)
limb (genitive plural)
limbie (dative singular)
limbom (dative plural)
limbę (accusative singular)
limby (accusative plural)
limbą (instrumental singular)
limbami (instrumental plural)
limbie (locative singular)
limbach (locative plural)
limbo (singular vocative)
limby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German līm-boum, līm-bām, līn-boum, līn-bām.


burda

burda (nominative singular)
burdy (nominative plural)
burdy (genitive singular)
burd (genitive plural)
burdzie (dative singular)
burdom (dative plural)
burdę (accusative singular)
burdy (accusative plural)
burdą (instrumental singular)
burdami (instrumental plural)
burdzie (locative singular)
burdach (locative plural)
burdo (singular vocative)
burdy (plural vocative)

(derogatory) brawl, disturbance, wrangle


sraka

sraczka (diminutive)
sraka (nominative singular)
sraki (nominative plural)
sraki (genitive singular)
srak (genitive plural)
srace (dative singular)
srakom (dative plural)
srakę (accusative singular)
sraki (accusative plural)
sraką (instrumental singular)
srakami (instrumental plural)
srace (locative singular)
srakach (locative plural)
srako (singular vocative)
sraki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьraka. By surface analysis, srać + -ka.

(colloquial, vulgar) feces passed in the wrong place

(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) piece of crud, crap (something of low quality)


brona

brona (nominative singular)
brony (nominative plural)
brony (genitive singular)
bron (genitive plural)
bronie (dative singular)
bronom (dative plural)
bronę (accusative singular)
brony (accusative plural)
broną (instrumental singular)
bronami (instrumental plural)
bronie (locative singular)
bronach (locative plural)
brono (singular vocative)
brony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borna. Doublet of brama (“gate”), derived from Old Czech.


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


proca

pl-noun

proca f (related adjective (rare) procowy or (obsolete) procny)

procowy (adjective rare)
procny (adjective obsolete)
proca (nominative singular)
proce (nominative plural)
procy (genitive singular)
proc (genitive plural)
procy (dative singular)
procom (dative plural)
procę (accusative singular)
proce (accusative plural)
procą (instrumental singular)
procami (instrumental plural)
procy (locative singular)
procach (locative plural)
proco (singular vocative)
proce (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish proca. By surface analysis, prać + -ca.


warga

wargowy (adjective)
warga (nominative singular)
wargi (nominative plural)
wargi (genitive singular)
warg (genitive plural)
wardze (dative singular)
wargom (dative plural)
wargę (accusative singular)
wargi (accusative plural)
wargą (instrumental singular)
wargami (instrumental plural)
wardze (locative singular)
wargach (locative plural)
wargo (singular vocative)
wargi (plural vocative)

From dialectal Proto-Slavic *vъrga (“swelling, bulge”).

lip (fleshy protrusion around the opening of the mouth)


nuda

nuda (nominative singular)
nudy (nominative plural)
nudy (genitive singular)
nudów (genitive plural)
nudzie (dative singular)
nudom (dative plural)
nudę (accusative singular)
nudy (accusative plural)
nudą (instrumental singular)
nudami (instrumental plural)
nudzie (locative singular)
nudach (locative plural)
nudo (singular vocative)
nudy (plural vocative)

Possibly borrowed from Ukrainian нуда́ (nudá).


nora

norka (diminutive)
nora (nominative singular)
nory (nominative plural)
nory (genitive singular)
nor (genitive plural)
norze (dative singular)
norom (dative plural)
norę (accusative singular)
nory (accusative plural)
norą (instrumental singular)
norami (instrumental plural)
norze (locative singular)
norach (locative plural)
noro (singular vocative)
nory (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) hovel, hole (undesirable place to live or visit)


stal

stalowy (adjective)
stal (nominative singular)
stale (nominative plural)
stali (genitive singular)
stali (genitive plural)
stali (dative singular)
stalom (dative plural)
stal (accusative singular)
stale (accusative plural)
stalą (instrumental singular)
stalami (instrumental plural)
stali (locative singular)
stalach (locative plural)
stali (singular vocative)
stale (plural vocative)

steel (artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness)


prasa

prasowy (adjective)
prasa (nominative singular)
prasy (nominative plural)
prasy (genitive singular)
pras (genitive plural)
prasie (dative singular)
prasom (dative plural)
prasę (accusative singular)
prasy (accusative plural)
prasą (instrumental singular)
prasami (instrumental plural)
prasie (locative singular)
prasach (locative plural)
praso (singular vocative)
prasy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: prasa

Inherited from Old Polish prasa. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Presse and French presse.

sl

(uncountable, collective) press (those working in such media collectively)

(uncountable, collective) press (all institutions creating such media)

(countable) press (device used to apply pressure) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

(countable) mangle, wringer [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

press (device used to apply pressure)
mangle, wringer

(countable, obsolete) iron (device for pressing clothes)

press (device used to apply pressure)
iron (device for pressing clothes)


sarna

sarenka (diminutive)
sarna (nominative singular)
sarny (nominative plural)
sarny (genitive singular)
saren (genitive plural)
sarn (genitive plural)
sarnie (dative singular)
sarnom (dative plural)
sarnę (accusative singular)
sarny (accusative plural)
sarną (instrumental singular)
sarnami (instrumental plural)
sarnie (locative singular)
sarnach (locative plural)
sarno (singular vocative)
sarny (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: са́рна (sárna)

→ Russian: сарна́ (sarná)

→ Ukrainian: са́рна (sárna)

Inherited from Old Polish sarna, from Proto-Slavic *sьrna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śírˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, top, horn”).

roe deer (any member of the genus Capreolus)

Hydnum repandum
Hydnum repandum#Translingual


winda

windowy (adjective)
winda (nominative singular)
windy (nominative plural)
windy (genitive singular)
wind (genitive plural)
windzie (dative singular)
windom (dative plural)
windę (accusative singular)
windy (accusative plural)
windą (instrumental singular)
windami (instrumental plural)
windzie (locative singular)
windach (locative plural)
windo (singular vocative)
windy (plural vocative)

(mechanics) elevator, lift (permanent construction with a built-in platform or cab that can be raised and lowered, used to transport people and goods, as between different floors of a building)


winda

winda (nominative singular)
windy (nominative plural)
windy (genitive singular)
wind (genitive plural)
windzie (dative singular)
windom (dative plural)
windę (accusative singular)
windy (accusative plural)
windą (instrumental singular)
windami (instrumental plural)
windzie (locative singular)
windach (locative plural)
windo (singular vocative)
windy (plural vocative)

Clipping of Windows. Compare Russian винда́ (vindá) and Ukrainian вінда́ (vindá).

(humorous, operating systems, slang) Windows (operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market)


sonda

sonda (nominative singular)
sondy (nominative plural)
sondy (genitive singular)
sond (genitive plural)
sondzie (dative singular)
sondom (dative plural)
sondę (accusative singular)
sondy (accusative plural)
sondą (instrumental singular)
sondami (instrumental plural)
sondzie (locative singular)
sondach (locative plural)
sondo (singular vocative)
sondy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sonde, from Middle French, from Old French sonde, from Old English sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)-.


bajka

pl-noun

bajka f (diminutive bajeczka, augmentative baja)

bajeczka (diminutive)
baja (augmentative)
bajka (nominative singular)
bajki (nominative plural)
bajki (genitive singular)
bajek (genitive plural)
bajce (dative singular)
bajkom (dative plural)
bajkę (accusative singular)
bajki (accusative plural)
bajką (instrumental singular)
bajkami (instrumental plural)
bajce (locative singular)
bajkach (locative plural)
bajko (singular vocative)
bajki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajьka. By surface analysis, bajać + -ka.

fable, apologue (a story reenforcing some moral or morals)

fairy tale (a story containing imaginary events)

(colloquial) cartoon (animated series or movie)

(colloquial, chiefly negated) cup of tea, one's thing (area of interest)


sekunda

sekundka (diminutive)
sekunda (nominative singular)
sekundy (nominative plural)
sekundy (genitive singular)
sekund (genitive plural)
sekundzie (dative singular)
sekundom (dative plural)
sekundę (accusative singular)
sekundy (accusative plural)
sekundą (instrumental singular)
sekundami (instrumental plural)
sekundzie (locative singular)
sekundach (locative plural)
sekundo (singular vocative)
sekundy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin (pars horae minuta) secunda.

lbor

(geometry) arcsecond (1/3600th of a degree)

(music) second (two half step intervals)


cera

Borrowed from Italian cera, from Latin cēra.

complexion (appearance of the skin on the face)


cera

cera (nominative singular)
cery (nominative plural)
cery (genitive singular)
cer (genitive plural)
cerze (dative singular)
cerom (dative plural)
cerę (accusative singular)
cery (accusative plural)
cerą (instrumental singular)
cerami (instrumental plural)
cerze (locative singular)
cerach (locative plural)
cero (singular vocative)
cery (plural vocative)

(sewing) darn (filling in a hole in the fabric created by rubbing, tearing, or tearing out a piece of it by using interlaced stitch)


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(countable) power (physical or spiritual strength)

(uncountable) power (energy or force released by some device or phenomenon)

(uncountable, physics, mechanics) power, strength (measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time)

(uncountable) power (effectiveness or ability to influence)

(uncountable) power, strength; concentration (degree of concentration i.e. of an acid)

(uncountable) strength (ability to resist damage or destruction)

(countable) force, strength, power (ability to perform specific tasks in a production facility)

(uncountable) force, strength, power (work done per unit of time)

(in the plural) powers (mysterious forces or entities that are believed to cause unexplainable phenomena or events)

(uncountable, obsolete, figuratively) strength (resilience, fortitude; bravery, valour)

(uncountable, obsolete) emphaticness, perspicuity, explicitness

(countable, obsolete) force, power (strength of a military unit)

(uncountable, Middle Polish) strength (health of one's body)

(countable, Middle Polish) property, trait

(uncountable, Middle Polish) relevant sense, content, meaning

(uncountable, Middle Polish, religion) God's omnipotence

(uncountable, Middle Polish, religion) power given to people by God

God's omnipotence
power given to people by God

(uncountable, Middle Polish, philosophy) form (in Aristotle's philosophy, the principle that shapes matter into a specific being)

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) host of heaven understood as an army of angels or as stars

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) heaven; sky

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) wealth, possessions

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) act, action; brave deed

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) stern facial expression

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) helmet

(Middle Polish) power; Further details are uncertain.


gospoda

gospoda (nominative singular)
gospody (nominative plural)
gospody (genitive singular)
gospód (genitive plural)
gospodzie (dative singular)
gospodom (dative plural)
gospodę (accusative singular)
gospody (accusative plural)
gospodą (instrumental singular)
gospodami (instrumental plural)
gospodzie (locative singular)
gospodach (locative plural)
gospodo (singular vocative)
gospody (plural vocative)


loggia

loggia (nominative singular)
loggie (nominative plural)
loggii (genitive singular)
loggii (genitive plural)
loggij (archaic genitive plural)
loggii (dative singular)
loggiom (dative plural)
loggię (accusative singular)
loggie (accusative plural)
loggią (instrumental singular)
loggiami (instrumental plural)
loggii (locative singular)
loggiach (locative plural)
loggio (singular vocative)
loggie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian loggia. Doublet of lobby, lodżia, and loża.

(architecture) loggia (roofed, open gallery)

(historical) loggia (room open to the outside with an arcade, characteristic of Renaissance palaces)

loggia (in Italian cities: an open, decorative pavilion used for public ceremonies)


ruda

ruda (nominative singular)
rudy (nominative plural)
rudy (genitive singular)
rud (genitive plural)
rudzie (dative singular)
rudom (dative plural)
rudę (accusative singular)
rudy (accusative plural)
rudą (instrumental singular)
rudami (instrumental plural)
rudzie (locative singular)
rudach (locative plural)
rudo (singular vocative)
rudy (plural vocative)


doba

dobowy (adjective)
doba (nominative singular)
doby (nominative plural)
doby (genitive singular)
dób (genitive plural)
dobie (dative singular)
dobom (dative plural)
dobę (accusative singular)
doby (accusative plural)
dobą (instrumental singular)
dobami (instrumental plural)
dobie (locative singular)
dobach (locative plural)
dobo (singular vocative)
doby (plural vocative)


juga

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit युग (yuga).


jagoda

pl-noun

jagoda f (diminutive jagódka, related adjective jagodowy)

jagódka (diminutive)
jagodowy (adjective)
jagoda (nominative singular)
jagody (nominative plural)
jagody (genitive singular)
jagód (genitive plural)
jagodzie (dative singular)
jagodom (dative plural)
jagodę (accusative singular)
jagody (accusative plural)
jagodą (instrumental singular)
jagodami (instrumental plural)
jagodzie (locative singular)
jagodach (locative plural)
jagodo (singular vocative)
jagody (plural vocative)

(botany) berry (small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties)

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

bilberry, European blueberry, common bilberry, whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)

bilberry, European blueberry, common bilberry, whortleberry (berry)

(archaic, poetic) cheek (soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity)


pora

pora (nominative singular)
pory (nominative plural)
pory (genitive singular)
pór (genitive plural)
por (genitive plural)
porze (dative singular)
porom (dative plural)
porę (accusative singular)
pory (accusative plural)
porą (instrumental singular)
porami (instrumental plural)
porze (locative singular)
porach (locative plural)
poro (singular vocative)
pory (plural vocative)

do tej pory

pory roku


mada

mada (nominative singular)
mady (nominative plural)
mady (genitive singular)
mad (genitive plural)
madzie (dative singular)
madom (dative plural)
madę (accusative singular)
mady (accusative plural)
madą (instrumental singular)
madami (instrumental plural)
madzie (locative singular)
madach (locative plural)
mado (singular vocative)
mady (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from German Mud, from Middle Low German mudde.

(colloquial, rail transport) mixture of wet leaves or other materials and substances of natural origin deposited on railway or tram rails, which makes the track surface very slippery


warta

warta (nominative singular)
warty (nominative plural)
warty (genitive singular)
wart (genitive plural)
warcie (dative singular)
wartom (dative plural)
wartę (accusative singular)
warty (accusative plural)
wartą (instrumental singular)
wartami (instrumental plural)
warcie (locative singular)
wartach (locative plural)
warto (singular vocative)
warty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German warte, from Old High German warta, from Proto-West Germanic *wardu, from Proto-Germanic *wardō.


spina

spina (nominative singular)
spiny (nominative plural)
spiny (genitive singular)
spin (genitive plural)
spinie (dative singular)
spinom (dative plural)
spinę (accusative singular)
spiny (accusative plural)
spiną (instrumental singular)
spinami (instrumental plural)
spinie (locative singular)
spinach (locative plural)
spino (singular vocative)
spiny (plural vocative)


spina

→ Belarusian: спі́на (spína)

→ Latvian: spina

→ Russian: спина́ (spiná)

→ Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)

table
Learned borrowing from Latin spīna.


broda

bródka (diminutive)
broda (nominative singular)
brody (nominative plural)
brody (genitive singular)
bród (genitive plural)
brodzie (dative singular)
brodom (dative plural)
brodę (accusative singular)
brody (accusative plural)
brodą (instrumental singular)
brodami (instrumental plural)
brodzie (locative singular)
brodach (locative plural)
brodo (singular vocative)
brody (plural vocative)


gali

inflection of gala:
genitive/dative/locative singular


kuli

inflection of kula:
genitive/dative/locative singular


trzoda

trzoda f (diminutive trzódka or trzodka)

trzódka (diminutive)
trzodka (diminutive)
trzoda (nominative singular)
trzody (nominative plural)
trzody (genitive singular)
trzód (genitive plural)
trzodzie (dative singular)
trzodom (dative plural)
trzodę (accusative singular)
trzody (accusative plural)
trzodą (instrumental singular)
trzodami (instrumental plural)
trzodzie (locative singular)
trzodach (locative plural)
trzodo (singular vocative)
trzody (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish czrzoda, from Proto-Slavic *čērdà, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰo-. Doublet of czereda, a borrowing from an East Slavic language.

herd (a number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper)


laba

laba (nominative singular)
laby (nominative plural)
laby (genitive singular)
lab (genitive plural)
labie (dative singular)
labom (dative plural)
labę (accusative singular)
laby (accusative plural)
labą (instrumental singular)
labami (instrumental plural)
labie (locative singular)
labach (locative plural)
labo (singular vocative)
laby (plural vocative)

Uncertain, perhaps borrowed from German Labe, from Middle High German labe, from Old High German laba, from Proto-West Germanic *labu, from *labōn.

(colloquial) free time, hometime, knock-off time, leisure, quitting time


pacha

paszka (diminutive)
pacha (nominative singular)
pachy (nominative plural)
pachy (genitive singular)
pach (genitive plural)
pasze (dative singular)
pachom (dative plural)
pachę (accusative singular)
pachy (accusative plural)
pachą (instrumental singular)
pachami (instrumental plural)
pasze (locative singular)
pachach (locative plural)
pacho (singular vocative)
pachy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *paxъ, *paxa. Cognate with Lower Sorbian paža, Slovak paža, Czech paže.


mara

mara (nominative singular)
mary (nominative plural)
mary (genitive singular)
mar (genitive plural)
marze (dative singular)
marom (dative plural)
marę (accusative singular)
mary (accusative plural)
marą (instrumental singular)
marami (instrumental plural)
marze (locative singular)
marach (locative plural)
maro (singular vocative)
mary (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ма́ра (mára)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mara. Compare English mare, German Mahr.

(Slavic mythology) A creature believed to drain sleeping people of their blood or energy; wight, mare.


mula

mula (nominative singular)
mule (nominative plural)
muli (genitive singular)
mul (genitive plural)
muli (dative singular)
mulom (dative plural)
mulę (accusative singular)
mule (accusative plural)
mulą (instrumental singular)
mulami (instrumental plural)
muli (locative singular)
mulach (locative plural)
mulo (singular vocative)
mule (plural vocative)


buli

inflection of bula:
genitive/dative/locative singular


armatura

armatura f (related adjective armaturowy)

armaturowy (adjective)
armatura (nominative singular)
armatury (genitive singular)
armaturze (dative singular)
armaturę (accusative singular)
armaturą (instrumental singular)
armaturze (locative singular)
armaturo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin armātūra. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Armatur and sense 2 is a semantic loan from Italian armatura.

sl

(engineering) fixture, faucet, valve or tap, most prominently of a washbasin or sink

(sculpture) armature (a supporting framework in a sculpture)


wanta

wanta (nominative singular)
wanty (nominative plural)
wanty (genitive singular)
want (genitive plural)
wancie (dative singular)
wantom (dative plural)
wantę (accusative singular)
wanty (accusative plural)
wantą (instrumental singular)
wantami (instrumental plural)
wancie (locative singular)
wantach (locative plural)
wanto (singular vocative)
wanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Want, from Middle Dutch want, gewant, from Old Dutch *giwant, from Proto-Germanic *gawandą.


Augusta

August (masculine)
Augusta (nominative singular)
Augusty (nominative plural)
Augusty (genitive singular)
August (genitive plural)
Auguście (dative singular)
Augustom (dative plural)
Augustę (accusative singular)
Augusty (accusative plural)
Augustą (instrumental singular)
Augustami (instrumental plural)
Auguście (locative singular)
Augustach (locative plural)
Augusto (singular vocative)
Augusty (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Augusta


tempura

tempura (nominative singular)
tempury (genitive singular)
tempurze (dative singular)
tempurę (accusative singular)
tempurą (instrumental singular)
tempurze (locative singular)
tempuro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.


Helena

Helenka (diminutive)
Hela (diminutive)
Helena (nominative singular)
Heleny (nominative plural)
Heleny (genitive singular)
Helen (genitive plural)
Helenie (dative singular)
Helenom (dative plural)
Helenę (accusative singular)
Heleny (accusative plural)
Heleną (instrumental singular)
Helenami (instrumental plural)
Helenie (locative singular)
Helenach (locative plural)
Heleno (singular vocative)
Heleny (plural vocative)

(countable) a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek], equivalent to English Helen

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (goddess worshipped in Laconia and Rhodes)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Helen (daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War)

(uncountable, astronomy) Helene (moon of Saturn)


fossa

fossa (nominative singular)
fossy (nominative plural)
fossy (genitive singular)
foss (genitive plural)
fossie (dative singular)
fossom (dative plural)
fossę (accusative singular)
fossy (accusative plural)
fossą (instrumental singular)
fossami (instrumental plural)
fossie (locative singular)
fossach (locative plural)
fosso (singular vocative)
fossy (plural vocative)

fossa (any mammal of the genus Cryptoprocta)


lega

lega (nominative singular)
legi (nominative plural)
legi (genitive singular)
leg (genitive plural)
ledze (dative singular)
legom (dative plural)
legę (accusative singular)
legi (accusative plural)
legą (instrumental singular)
legami (instrumental plural)
ledze (locative singular)
legach (locative plural)
lego (singular vocative)
legi (plural vocative)


wyspa

pl-noun

wyspa f (diminutive wysepka, related adjective wyspowy)

wysepka (diminutive)
wyspowy (adjective)
wyspa (nominative singular)
wyspy (nominative plural)
wyspy (genitive singular)
wysp (genitive plural)
wyspie (dative singular)
wyspom (dative plural)
wyspę (accusative singular)
wyspy (accusative plural)
wyspą (instrumental singular)
wyspami (instrumental plural)
wyspie (locative singular)
wyspach (locative plural)
wyspo (singular vocative)
wyspy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: вы́спа (výspa)

→ Czech: výspa

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzsъpъ/*jьzsъpa, with an innovative prefixation of wy- performing a similar function of *jьz/*jьz-. By surface analysis, deverbal from wysypać.

surf

island (piece of land smaller than a continent and surrounded by water)


chyba

chyba (nominative singular)
chyby (nominative plural)
chyby (genitive singular)
chyb (genitive plural)
chybie (dative singular)
chybom (dative plural)
chybę (accusative singular)
chyby (accusative plural)
chybą (instrumental singular)
chybami (instrumental plural)
chybie (locative singular)
chybach (locative plural)
chybo (singular vocative)
chyby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xyba. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “chyba”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN

Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “chyba”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego

(Middle Polish) falsehood; trick, deception


kotlina

kotlina (nominative singular)
kotliny (nominative plural)
kotliny (genitive singular)
kotlin (genitive plural)
kotlinie (dative singular)
kotlinom (dative plural)
kotlinę (accusative singular)
kotliny (accusative plural)
kotliną (instrumental singular)
kotlinami (instrumental plural)
kotlinie (locative singular)
kotlinach (locative plural)
kotlino (singular vocative)
kotliny (plural vocative)


deska

pl-noun

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish cka, deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska, via Germanic from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos). Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).

deska podłogowa

deska elewacyjna

deska do krojenia

deska do krojenia chleba

deska do prasowania

deska rozdzielcza

deska kreślarska

deska sedesowa

deska ortopedyczna

deska surfingowa

deska windsurfingowa

deska snowboardowa

deska wakeboardowa

(sports, informal) skateboard, snowboard, surfboard or a similar sports item

(derogatory, slang) ironing board (flat-chested woman)


córka

córka f (diminutive córeczka, augmentative córa)

córeczka (diminutive)
córa (augmentative)
córka (nominative singular)
córki (nominative plural)
córki (genitive singular)
córek (genitive plural)
córce (dative singular)
córkom (dative plural)
córkę (accusative singular)
córki (accusative plural)
córką (instrumental singular)
córkami (instrumental plural)
córce (locative singular)
córkach (locative plural)
córko (singular vocative)
córki (plural vocative)


aga

aga (nominative singular)
agi (nominative plural)
agi (genitive singular)
ag (genitive plural)
adze (dative singular)
agom (dative plural)
agę (accusative singular)
agi (accusative plural)
agą (instrumental singular)
agami (instrumental plural)
adze (locative singular)
agach (locative plural)
ago (singular vocative)
agi (plural vocative)


Julianna

Julian (masculine)
Julianna (nominative singular)
Julianny (nominative plural)
Julianny (genitive singular)
Juliann (genitive plural)
Juliannie (dative singular)
Juliannom (dative plural)
Juliannę (accusative singular)
Julianny (accusative plural)
Julianną (instrumental singular)
Juliannami (instrumental plural)
Juliannie (locative singular)
Juliannach (locative plural)
Julianno (singular vocative)
Julianny (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Julianna


kość słoniowa

Literally, “elephant bone”. Displaced Old Polish ebur.


kość

kość f (diminutive kostka, augmentative kościsko, related adjective kostny)

kostka (diminutive)
kościsko (augmentative)
kostny (adjective)
kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościom (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kością (instrumental singular)
kośćmi (instrumental plural)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)

bone (composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates)

(chiefly in the plural) die (isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance)

(colloquial, semiconductors) integrated circuit, chip

(in the plural) remains, corpse (what is left after a person (or any organism) dies)

(obsolete, in the plural) fingers; hands;


raca

raca (nominative singular)
race (nominative plural)
racy (genitive singular)
rac (genitive plural)
racy (dative singular)
racom (dative plural)
racę (accusative singular)
race (accusative plural)
racą (instrumental singular)
racami (instrumental plural)
racy (locative singular)
racach (locative plural)
raco (singular vocative)
race (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian razzo, from Latin radius.