Jamajka

Jamajka (nominative singular)
Jamajki (genitive singular)
Jamajce (dative singular)
Jamajkę (accusative singular)
Jamajką (instrumental singular)
Jamajce (locative singular)
Jamajko (singular vocative)

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Jamajka

Jamajka (nominative singular)
Jamajki (nominative plural)
Jamajki (genitive singular)
Jamajek (genitive plural)
Jamajce (dative singular)
Jamajkom (dative plural)
Jamajkę (accusative singular)
Jamajki (accusative plural)
Jamajką (instrumental singular)
Jamajkami (instrumental plural)
Jamajce (locative singular)
Jamajkach (locative plural)
Jamajko (singular vocative)
Jamajki (plural vocative)


mineralogia

mineralogia (nominative singular)
mineralogii (genitive singular)
mineralogii (dative singular)
mineralogię (accusative singular)
mineralogią (instrumental singular)
mineralogii (locative singular)
mineralogio (singular vocative)


godność

godność (nominative singular)
godności (nominative plural)
godności (genitive singular)
godności (genitive plural)
godności (dative singular)
godnościom (dative plural)
godność (accusative singular)
godności (accusative plural)
godnością (instrumental singular)
godnościami (instrumental plural)
godności (locative singular)
godnościach (locative plural)
godności (singular vocative)
godności (plural vocative)

/ˈɡɔd.nɔɕt͡ɕ/


reputacja

reputacja (nominative singular)
reputacje (nominative plural)
reputacji (genitive singular)
reputacji (genitive plural)
reputacyj (archaic genitive plural)
reputacji (dative singular)
reputacjom (dative plural)
reputację (accusative singular)
reputacje (accusative plural)
reputacją (instrumental singular)
reputacjami (instrumental plural)
reputacji (locative singular)
reputacjach (locative plural)
reputacjo (singular vocative)
reputacje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English reputation, French réputation, German Reputation, ultimately from Latin reputatiō.


notatka

pl-noun

notatka f (diminutive notateczka, augmentative notata)

notateczka (diminutive)
notata (augmentative)
notatka (nominative singular)
notatki (nominative plural)
notatki (genitive singular)
notatek (genitive plural)
notatce (dative singular)
notatkom (dative plural)
notatkę (accusative singular)
notatki (accusative plural)
notatką (instrumental singular)
notatkami (instrumental plural)
notatce (locative singular)
notatkach (locative plural)
notatko (singular vocative)
notatki (plural vocative)

note (piece of paper containing some kind of writing on it)

memo, memorandum (brief piece of writing intended to assist the memory)


telegrafia

telegrafia (nominative singular)
telegrafii (genitive singular)
telegrafii (dative singular)
telegrafię (accusative singular)
telegrafią (instrumental singular)
telegrafii (locative singular)
telegrafio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English telegraphy, French télégraphie, German Telegraphie. By surface analysis, tele- + -grafia.

(historical, telegraphy) telegraphy (communication by means of a telegraph)


nazwa

nazwa (nominative singular)
nazwy (nominative plural)
nazwy (genitive singular)
nazw (genitive plural)
nazwie (dative singular)
nazwom (dative plural)
nazwę (accusative singular)
nazwy (accusative plural)
nazwą (instrumental singular)
nazwami (instrumental plural)
nazwie (locative singular)
nazwach (locative plural)
nazwo (singular vocative)
nazwy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from nazwać. First attested in the beginning of the 19th century. Compare Kashubian nazwa and Silesian nazwa.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nazwa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nazwa”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class)


jesień

jesienny (adjective)
jesień (nominative singular)
jesienie (nominative plural)
jesieni (genitive singular)
jesieni (genitive plural)
jesieni (dative singular)
jesieniom (dative plural)
jesień (accusative singular)
jesienie (accusative plural)
jesienią (instrumental singular)
jesieniami (instrumental plural)
jesieni (locative singular)
jesieniach (locative plural)
jesieni (singular vocative)
jesienie (plural vocative)

autumn (traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere)


sprężyna

sprężynka (diminutive)
sprężyna (nominative singular)
sprężyny (nominative plural)
sprężyny (genitive singular)
sprężyn (genitive plural)
sprężynie (dative singular)
sprężynom (dative plural)
sprężynę (accusative singular)
sprężyny (accusative plural)
sprężyną (instrumental singular)
sprężynami (instrumental plural)
sprężynie (locative singular)
sprężynach (locative plural)
sprężyno (singular vocative)
sprężyny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *prǫžina. By surface analysis, sprężyć + -yna.

spring (device made of flexible material)


pomarańcza

pomarańczka (diminutive)
pomarańcza (nominative singular)
pomarańcze (nominative plural)
pomarańczy (genitive singular)
pomarańczy (genitive plural)
pomarańczy (dative singular)
pomarańczom (dative plural)
pomarańczę (accusative singular)
pomarańcze (accusative plural)
pomarańczą (instrumental singular)
pomarańczami (instrumental plural)
pomarańczy (locative singular)
pomarańczach (locative plural)
pomarańczo (singular vocative)
pomarańcze (plural vocative)

→? Yiddish: פּאָמעראַנץ (pomerants)

Borrowed from Italian pomarancia, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Persian نارنگ (nârang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga), from Dravidian. Doublet of oranż.


medycyna

medycyna (nominative singular)
medycyny (genitive singular)
medycynie (dative singular)
medycynę (accusative singular)
medycyną (instrumental singular)
medycynie (locative singular)
medycyno (singular vocative)

Russian: медицина (medicina)


jedynka

pl-noun

jedynka f (diminutive jedyneczka, augmentative jedyna)

jedyneczka (diminutive)
jedyna (augmentative)
jedynka (nominative singular)
jedynki (nominative plural)
jedynki (genitive singular)
jedynek (genitive plural)
jedynce (dative singular)
jedynkom (dative plural)
jedynkę (accusative singular)
jedynki (accusative plural)
jedynką (instrumental singular)
jedynkami (instrumental plural)
jedynce (locative singular)
jedynkach (locative plural)
jedynko (singular vocative)
jedynki (plural vocative)

(metonymically) something assigned the number one: bus line, road, candidate on a ballot, etc.

(informal, euphemistic) number one, urine


sława

sława (nominative singular)
sławy (nominative plural)
sławy (genitive singular)
sław (genitive plural)
sławie (dative singular)
sławom (dative plural)
sławę (accusative singular)
sławy (accusative plural)
sławą (instrumental singular)
sławami (instrumental plural)
sławie (locative singular)
sławach (locative plural)
sławo (singular vocative)
sławy (plural vocative)


druga

druga (nominative singular)
drugie (nominative plural)
drugiej (genitive singular)
drugich (genitive plural)
drugiej (dative singular)
drugim (dative plural)
drugą (accusative singular)
drugie (accusative plural)
drugą (instrumental singular)
drugimi (instrumental plural)
drugiej (locative singular)
drugich (locative plural)
druga (singular vocative)
drugie (plural vocative)

(in both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) two o'clock (start of the third hour of the day; 2:00 a.m. (02:00))

pół do drugiej

(only in the 12-hour clock) two o'clock (start of the fifteenth hour of the day; 2:00 p.m. (14:00))


druga

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of drugi:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of drugi:
feminine vocative singular


centuria

centuria (nominative singular)
centurie (nominative plural)
centurii (genitive singular)
centurii (genitive plural)
centuryj (archaic genitive plural)
centurii (dative singular)
centuriom (dative plural)
centurię (accusative singular)
centurie (accusative plural)
centurią (instrumental singular)
centuriami (instrumental plural)
centurii (locative singular)
centuriach (locative plural)
centurio (singular vocative)
centurie (plural vocative)

centaury (any herb of the genus Centaurium)


litera

literka (diminutive)
litera (nominative singular)
litery (nominative plural)
litery (genitive singular)
liter (genitive plural)
literze (dative singular)
literom (dative plural)
literę (accusative singular)
litery (accusative plural)
literą (instrumental singular)
literami (instrumental plural)
literze (locative singular)
literach (locative plural)
litero (singular vocative)
litery (plural vocative)


Kostaryka

Kostaryka (nominative singular)
Kostaryki (genitive singular)
Kostaryce (dative singular)
Kostarykę (accusative singular)
Kostaryką (instrumental singular)
Kostaryce (locative singular)
Kostaryko (singular vocative)

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


głowa

główka (diminutive)
głowa (nominative singular)
głowy (nominative plural)
głowy (genitive singular)
głów (genitive plural)
głowie (dative singular)
głowom (dative plural)
głowę (accusative singular)
głowy (accusative plural)
głową (instrumental singular)
głowami (instrumental plural)
głowie (locative singular)
głowach (locative plural)
głowo (singular vocative)
głowy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) head (individual person in relation to a group)

head (person's abilities in a given field) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

head (person leading or in highest position)

head; ball (anything round resembling a head)

head (upper round part as opposed to the base of something)

Coordinate term: nogi

(in the plural) head (part of an object, e.g. a bed, where a person would place their head)

(Middle Polish) chapter of a written work

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.

(Middle Polish) head; Further details are uncertain.


zieleń

zieleń (nominative singular)
zielenie (nominative plural)
zieleni (genitive singular)
zieleni (genitive plural)
zieleni (dative singular)
zieleniom (dative plural)
zieleń (accusative singular)
zielenie (accusative plural)
zielenią (instrumental singular)
zieleniami (instrumental plural)
zieleni (locative singular)
zieleniach (locative plural)
zieleni (singular vocative)
zielenie (plural vocative)


królowa

królowa (nominative singular)
królowe (nominative plural)
królowej (genitive singular)
królowych (genitive plural)
królowej (dative singular)
królowym (dative plural)
królową (accusative singular)
królowe (accusative plural)
królową (instrumental singular)
królowymi (instrumental plural)
królowej (locative singular)
królowych (locative plural)
królowo (singular vocative)
królowe (plural vocative)


roślina

pl-noun

roślina f (diminutive roślinka, related adjective roślinny)

roślinka (diminutive)
roślinny (adjective)
roślina (nominative singular)
rośliny (nominative plural)
rośliny (genitive singular)
roślin (genitive plural)
roślinie (dative singular)
roślinom (dative plural)
roślinę (accusative singular)
rośliny (accusative plural)
rośliną (instrumental singular)
roślinami (instrumental plural)
roślinie (locative singular)
roślinach (locative plural)
roślino (singular vocative)
rośliny (plural vocative)

From rosły + -ina, from róść. First attested in 1725. Compare Belarusian раслі́на (raslína), Kashubian roscëna, Silesian roślina, Slovincian rôslëna, and Ukrainian росли́на (roslýna).

ref

COMPENDIUM MEDICUM AUCTUM To iest, KROTKIE ZEBRANIE y opisanie Chorob, Ich roznośći, przyczyn, znákow, sposdbow do leczenia, Tákze roznych sposobow robienia wodek, oleykow, Iulepow, Syropow, Konfitur , Masci, Plastrow, [et]c., y roznych osoblitych rzeczy. Na SIEDM TRAKTATOW ROZDZIELONE. Y teraz swiezo przez tegoz Authora z errorow Typograficznych expurgowane. Z przydatkiem osobliwych Chorob, tak meskich, iako y Bialoglowskich, y Dziecinnych. Dla wiekszey wygody ludzkiey PRZEDRUKOWANE (in Polish), W DRUKARNI Jasney Gory Czestochowskiey, 1725, page 16

plant (organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis)


liczba pierwsza

liczba pierwsza (nominative singular)
liczby pierwsze (nominative plural)
liczby pierwszej (genitive singular)
liczb pierwszych (genitive plural)
liczbie pierwszej (dative singular)
liczbom pierwszym (dative plural)
liczbę pierwszą (accusative singular)
liczby pierwsze (accusative plural)
liczbą pierwszą (instrumental singular)
liczbami pierwszymi (instrumental plural)
liczbie pierwszej (locative singular)
liczbach pierwszych (locative plural)
liczbo pierwsza (singular vocative)
liczby pierwsze (plural vocative)


fabryka

pl-noun

fabryka f (diminutive fabryczka, related adjective fabryczny)

fabryczka (diminutive)
fabryczny (adjective)
fabryka (nominative singular)
fabryki (nominative plural)
fabryki (genitive singular)
fabryk (genitive plural)
fabryce (dative singular)
fabrykom (dative plural)
fabrykę (accusative singular)
fabryki (accusative plural)
fabryką (instrumental singular)
fabrykami (instrumental plural)
fabryce (locative singular)
fabrykach (locative plural)
fabryko (singular vocative)
fabryki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: фа́брыка (fábryka)

→ Kashubian: fabrika, fabrëka

→ Masurian: fabrikä

→ Ukrainian: фа́брика (fábryka)

Learned borrowing from Latin fabrica. First attested in 1564. Compare Silesian fabryka.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “fabryka”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

factory, plant (building or other place where manufacturing takes place)

(obsolete) fabrication; construction (act of building)

(obsolete) fabrication; production (act of producing)

(obsolete) fabrication; falsification (act of falsifying)

(Middle Polish) fabrication; building (that which is built)

(Middle Polish) skill, art; effort; workload


dorosłość

dorosłość (nominative singular)
dorosłości (genitive singular)
dorosłości (dative singular)
dorosłość (accusative singular)
dorosłością (instrumental singular)
dorosłości (locative singular)
dorosłości (singular vocative)


pełnoletniość

pełnoletniość (nominative singular)
pełnoletniości (genitive singular)
pełnoletniości (dative singular)
pełnoletniość (accusative singular)
pełnoletniością (instrumental singular)
pełnoletniości (locative singular)
pełnoletniości (singular vocative)

majority, age of majority (the state of having exceeded the age at which one attains full personal rights)


epoka

epoka (nominative singular)
epoki (nominative plural)
epoki (genitive singular)
epok (genitive plural)
epoce (dative singular)
epokom (dative plural)
epokę (accusative singular)
epoki (accusative plural)
epoką (instrumental singular)
epokami (instrumental plural)
epoce (locative singular)
epokach (locative plural)
epoko (singular vocative)
epoki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French époque, from Medieval Latin epocha, from Ancient Greek ἐποχή (epokhḗ).

age (particular period of time in history)


starość

starość (nominative singular)
starości (genitive singular)
starości (dative singular)
starość (accusative singular)
starością (instrumental singular)
starości (locative singular)
starości (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish starość, from Proto-Slavic *starostь. By surface analysis, stary + -ość.


caryca

caryca (nominative singular)
caryce (nominative plural)
carycy (genitive singular)
caryc (genitive plural)
carycy (dative singular)
carycom (dative plural)
carycę (accusative singular)
caryce (accusative plural)
carycą (instrumental singular)
carycami (instrumental plural)
carycy (locative singular)
carycach (locative plural)
caryco (singular vocative)
caryce (plural vocative)


przyroda

przyroda (nominative singular)
przyrody (genitive singular)
przyrodzie (dative singular)
przyrodę (accusative singular)
przyrodą (instrumental singular)
przyrodzie (locative singular)
przyrodo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian приро́да (priróda).

bor+

Ta klasa związków nie występuje w przyrodzie.

This class of compounds does not occur in nature.

nature (entirety of the natural world)
biosphere (flora and fauna)

(education) natural science (subject of study involving biology and geography)


mysz

myszka (diminutive)
mysz (nominative singular)
myszy (nominative plural)
myszy (genitive singular)
myszy (genitive plural)
myszy (dative singular)
myszom (dative plural)
mysz (accusative singular)
myszy (accusative plural)
myszą (instrumental singular)
myszami (instrumental plural)
myszy (locative singular)
myszach (locative plural)
myszy (singular vocative)
myszy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mỳšь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mū́ˀšis, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

sl

(computer hardware) mouse (computer input device)


myszka

myszka (nominative singular)
myszki (nominative plural)
myszki (genitive singular)
myszek (genitive plural)
myszce (dative singular)
myszkom (dative plural)
myszkę (accusative singular)
myszki (accusative plural)
myszką (instrumental singular)
myszkami (instrumental plural)
myszce (locative singular)
myszkach (locative plural)
myszko (singular vocative)
myszki (plural vocative)

From mysz + -ka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse.

(computer hardware) mouse (computing: input device)

(endearing, slang) female genitalia; pussy


wody

inflection of woda:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


pała

pała (nominative singular)
pały (nominative plural)
pały (genitive singular)
pał (genitive plural)
pale (dative singular)
pałom (dative plural)
pałę (accusative singular)
pały (accusative plural)
pałą (instrumental singular)
pałami (instrumental plural)
pale (locative singular)
pałach (locative plural)
pało (singular vocative)
pały (plural vocative)

(school slang) F or E (a failing grade in a class or course)


gorączka

gorączka (nominative singular)
gorączki (nominative plural)
gorączki (genitive singular)
gorączek (genitive plural)
gorączce (dative singular)
gorączkom (dative plural)
gorączkę (accusative singular)
gorączki (accusative plural)
gorączką (instrumental singular)
gorączkami (instrumental plural)
gorączce (locative singular)
gorączkach (locative plural)
gorączko (singular vocative)
gorączki (plural vocative)

fever (having a higher than normal or elevated body temperature)


bateria

(electronics) battery (a device that produces electricity by a chemical reaction)


bateria

bateria (nominative singular)
baterie (nominative plural)
baterii (genitive singular)
baterii (genitive plural)
bateryj (archaic genitive plural)
baterii (dative singular)
bateriom (dative plural)
baterię (accusative singular)
baterie (accusative plural)
baterią (instrumental singular)
bateriami (instrumental plural)
baterii (locative singular)
bateriach (locative plural)
baterio (singular vocative)
baterie (plural vocative)

(plumbing) tap, faucet (a device used to disperse water in a bathtub or sink)

(chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)

battery, grouping, suit (a set of similar objects)


odpowiedź

pl-noun

odpowiedź f (related adjective odpowiedziowy)

odpowiedziowy (adjective)
odpowiedź (nominative singular)
odpowiedzi (nominative plural)
odpowiedzi (genitive singular)
odpowiedzi (genitive plural)
odpowiedzi (dative singular)
odpowiedziom (dative plural)
odpowiedź (accusative singular)
odpowiedzi (accusative plural)
odpowiedzią (instrumental singular)
odpowiedziami (instrumental plural)
odpowiedzi (locative singular)
odpowiedziach (locative plural)
odpowiedzi (singular vocative)
odpowiedzi (plural vocative)

Russian: о́тповедь (ótpovedʹ)

Inherited from Old Polish odpowiedź. By surface analysis, deverbal from odpowiedzieć. Compare Kashubian òdpòwiédz, Czech odpověď.

surf

+obj

answer, response, reply (something said in reaction to a statement, question, accusation, or request) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (question)’]

(education) answer (verbal or written response to a question given by a teacher meant to check a student's knowledge) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (question)’]

answer, response, reply (something done physically in reponse) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (behavior)’]

answer (solution to a problem) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (problem)’]

(board games, card games, chess, games, sports) response (move done in reponse to another player) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (move)’]

(Middle Polish) argument; objection, lack of agreement

(Middle Polish, law) defendant's response in court

(Middle Polish) expression loyalty or subservience


cynowa

inflection of cynowy:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of cynowy:
feminine vocative singular


róża

pl-noun

róża f (diminutive różyczka, related adjective różany)

różyczka (diminutive)
różany (adjective)
róża (nominative singular)
róże (nominative plural)
róży (genitive singular)
róż (genitive plural)
róży (dative singular)
różom (dative plural)
różę (accusative singular)
róże (accusative plural)
różą (instrumental singular)
różami (instrumental plural)
róży (locative singular)
różach (locative plural)
różo (singular vocative)
róże (plural vocative)

(heraldry) rose (rose flower, usually depicted with five petals, five barbs, and a circular seed)

erysipelas (acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin)

(hunting) thickening of the base of the antlers of deer


cyna

cyna (nominative singular)
cyny (genitive singular)
cynie (dative singular)
cynę (accusative singular)
cyną (instrumental singular)
cynie (locative singular)
cyno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German zene(n).


garść

garstka (diminutive)
garść (nominative singular)
garście (nominative plural)
garści (nominative plural)
garści (genitive singular)
garści (genitive plural)
garści (dative singular)
garściom (dative plural)
garść (accusative singular)
garście (accusative plural)
garści (accusative plural)
garścią (instrumental singular)
garściami (instrumental plural)
garści (locative singular)
garściach (locative plural)
garści (singular vocative)
garście (plural vocative)
garści (plural vocative)

Łopatę w garść i do roboty!

Myślę, widząc pustostany na tle biurowców ze szkła / Oby szlag je trafił, biorę w garść miedziaki / Tyle mam, mogę tym cisnąć prosto w twarz bogatym

2013, O.S.T.R., Hades (lyrics and music), “Mam dość”, in Haos, Asfalt Records

I think, seeing the vacant buildings in the background of the glass office buildings / Damn them all, I'm taking the coppers in hand / I have so much, I can throw it right in the face of rich people.

grasp, grip (hand understood as a tool to hold something in it)

fistful, handful (amount that can be held in a closed fist)


puszka

pl-noun

puszka f (diminutive puszeczka, augmentative pucha, related adjective puszkowy)

puszeczka (diminutive)
pucha (augmentative)
puszkowy (adjective)
puszka (nominative singular)
puszki (nominative plural)
puszki (genitive singular)
puszek (genitive plural)
puszce (dative singular)
puszkom (dative plural)
puszkę (accusative singular)
puszki (accusative plural)
puszką (instrumental singular)
puszkami (instrumental plural)
puszce (locative singular)
puszkach (locative plural)
puszko (singular vocative)
puszki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Czech puška. Doublet of boks.


puszka

puszka (nominative singular)
puszki (nominative plural)
puszki (genitive singular)
puszek (genitive plural)
puszce (dative singular)
puszkom (dative plural)
puszkę (accusative singular)
puszki (accusative plural)
puszką (instrumental singular)
puszkami (instrumental plural)
puszce (locative singular)
puszkach (locative plural)
puszko (singular vocative)
puszki (plural vocative)


konserwa

konserwa (nominative singular)
konserwy (nominative plural)
konserwy (genitive singular)
konserw (genitive plural)
konserwie (dative singular)
konserwom (dative plural)
konserwę (accusative singular)
konserwy (accusative plural)
konserwą (instrumental singular)
konserwami (instrumental plural)
konserwie (locative singular)
konserwach (locative plural)
konserwo (singular vocative)
konserwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English conserve, German Konserve, and Italian conserva, ultimately from Latin cōnservō.

konserwa turystyczna

Konserwy próbowały zablokować konwencję o przemocy domowej.

Conservatards have tried shooting down the domestic violence convention.

(colloquial, derogatory) conservative person or faction; conservatard


Sacha

Sacha (nominative singular)
Sachy (nominative plural)
Sachy (genitive singular)
Sach (genitive plural)
Sasze (dative singular)
Sachom (dative plural)
Sachę (accusative singular)
Sachy (accusative plural)
Sachą (instrumental singular)
Sachami (instrumental plural)
Sasze (locative singular)
Sachach (locative plural)
Sacho (singular vocative)
Sachy (plural vocative)


jednostka

jednostka f (related adjective jednostkowy)

jednostkowy (adjective)
jednostka (nominative singular)
jednostki (nominative plural)
jednostki (genitive singular)
jednostek (genitive plural)
jednostce (dative singular)
jednostkom (dative plural)
jednostkę (accusative singular)
jednostki (accusative plural)
jednostką (instrumental singular)
jednostkami (instrumental plural)
jednostce (locative singular)
jednostkach (locative plural)
jednostko (singular vocative)
jednostki (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: jednostka

Masurian: jednostkä

→ Silesian: jednostka

From jedność + -ka. First attested in 1801.

ref

Fortuna, czyli odmiana szczęścia przez losy wierszem wypadaiąca. (in Polish), 1801, page 6

(literary) individual, individuum, entity, body (person considered alone)

(by extension) individual, individuum (single representative of a species)

unit (organized group comprising people in uniform who perform particular tasks)

(bureaucracy) unit (independent branch of a public institution established to conduct a specific type of activity)

(metrology, sciences) unit (standard measure of a quantity)


odraza

odraza (nominative singular)
odrazy (genitive singular)
odrazie (dative singular)
odrazę (accusative singular)
odrazą (instrumental singular)
odrazie (locative singular)
odrazo (singular vocative)

Deverbal from odrazić. Compare Ukrainian відра́за (vidráza).

disgust, aversion (an intense dislike or repugnance)


siekiera

siekierka (diminutive)
siekiera (nominative singular)
siekiery (nominative plural)
siekiery (genitive singular)
siekier (genitive plural)
siekierze (dative singular)
siekierom (dative plural)
siekierę (accusative singular)
siekiery (accusative plural)
siekierą (instrumental singular)
siekierami (instrumental plural)
siekierze (locative singular)
siekierach (locative plural)
siekiero (singular vocative)
siekiery (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: секе́ра (sekéra), соке́ра (sokéra)

Old Belarusian: саке́ра (sakéra)

Belarusian: сяке́ра (sjakjéra)

(colloquial, humorous) very strong coffee or tea


dłoń

dłoniowy (adjective)
dłoń (nominative singular)
dłonie (nominative plural)
dłoni (genitive singular)
dłoni (genitive plural)
dłoni (dative singular)
dłoniom (dative plural)
dłoń (accusative singular)
dłonie (accusative plural)
dłonią (instrumental singular)
dłońmi (instrumental plural)
dłoniami (instrumental plural)
dłoni (locative singular)
dłoniach (locative plural)
dłoni (singular vocative)
dłonie (plural vocative)

palm (inner, concave part of hand; hand itself)

hand (part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals)

(obsolete) hand (limb of certain animals)

(obsolete, fencing) fencing position covering the upper right part of one's hit box


smycz

smyczka (diminutive)
smycz (nominative singular)
smycze (nominative plural)
smyczy (genitive singular)
smyczy (genitive plural)
smyczy (dative singular)
smyczom (dative plural)
smycz (accusative singular)
smycze (accusative plural)
smyczą (instrumental singular)
smyczami (instrumental plural)
smyczy (locative singular)
smyczach (locative plural)
smyczy (singular vocative)
smycze (plural vocative)

lead, leadline, leash, tether (strap, cord, or rope with which to restrain an animal, often a dog)

lanyard (short rope used for fastening rigging, as a handle, etc.)


siła

siła (nominative singular)
siły (nominative plural)
siły (genitive singular)
sił (genitive plural)
sile (dative singular)
siłom (dative plural)
siłę (accusative singular)
siły (accusative plural)
siłą (instrumental singular)
siłami (instrumental plural)
sile (locative singular)
siłach (locative plural)
siło (singular vocative)
siły (plural vocative)

strength (that which allows living things to act)

strength (mental capability that allows one to carry on)

strength (property of actions, statements, etc. that may convince someone to a particular view)

force, drive (something that causes movement, action, or a phenomena)

strength (capabilities or level of influence a social or political group can exert)

strength (value of a currency in relation to others)

strength, muscle (that which may force someone to do something)

(physics) force (physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn))

strength (strong aspect of something; something considered positively)

force (power of unknown to the speaker origin that can cause unnerving effects)

force (group of people who have a particular function)

force (group of people that create an organization in order to do something)

force (unit of people with a particular function)

(in the plural, military) forces (military unit)


markiza

markizowy (adjective)
markiza (nominative singular)
markizy (nominative plural)
markizy (genitive singular)
markiz (genitive plural)
markizie (dative singular)
markizom (dative plural)
markizę (accusative singular)
markizy (accusative plural)
markizą (instrumental singular)
markizami (instrumental plural)
markizie (locative singular)
markizach (locative plural)
markizo (singular vocative)
markizy (plural vocative)

(architecture) awning (covering attached to the exterior wall of a building)

sandwich cookie (snack consisting of two cookies with a filling between them)

(jewelry) marquise (oval cut gemstone with pointed ends)


buzi

inflection of buzia:
genitive/dative/locative singular


teka

teczka (diminutive)
teka (nominative singular)
teki (nominative plural)
teki (genitive singular)
tek (genitive plural)
tece (dative singular)
tekom (dative plural)
tekę (accusative singular)
teki (accusative plural)
teką (instrumental singular)
tekami (instrumental plural)
tece (locative singular)
tekach (locative plural)
teko (singular vocative)
teki (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: טעקע (teke)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē).


tautologia

tautologia (nominative singular)
tautologie (nominative plural)
tautologii (genitive singular)
tautologii (genitive plural)
tautologij (archaic genitive plural)
tautologii (dative singular)
tautologiom (dative plural)
tautologię (accusative singular)
tautologie (accusative plural)
tautologią (instrumental singular)
tautologiami (instrumental plural)
tautologii (locative singular)
tautologiach (locative plural)
tautologio (singular vocative)
tautologie (plural vocative)

From tauto- (“tauto-”) + -logia (“-logics”).


aspirata

aspirata (nominative singular)
aspiraty (nominative plural)
aspiraty (genitive singular)
aspirat (genitive plural)
aspiracie (dative singular)
aspiratom (dative plural)
aspiratę (accusative singular)
aspiraty (accusative plural)
aspiratą (instrumental singular)
aspiratami (instrumental plural)
aspiracie (locative singular)
aspiratach (locative plural)
aspirato (singular vocative)
aspiraty (plural vocative)

(phonology) aspirate (a sound produced by aspiration)


pokuta

pokuta (nominative singular)
pokuty (nominative plural)
pokuty (genitive singular)
pokut (genitive plural)
pokucie (dative singular)
pokutom (dative plural)
pokutę (accusative singular)
pokuty (accusative plural)
pokutą (instrumental singular)
pokutami (instrumental plural)
pokucie (locative singular)
pokutach (locative plural)
pokuto (singular vocative)
pokuty (plural vocative)


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

inh+

die (polyhedron used in games of chance)

Kostka Rubika

kostka lodu

cube (object more or less in the form of a cube)

(informal, music) pick, plectrum (a small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc. for plucking strings)


uzda

uzdeczka (diminutive)
uzda (nominative singular)
uzdy (nominative plural)
uzdy (genitive singular)
uzd (genitive plural)
uździe (dative singular)
uzdom (dative plural)
uzdę (accusative singular)
uzdy (accusative plural)
uzdą (instrumental singular)
uzdami (instrumental plural)
uździe (locative singular)
uzdach (locative plural)
uzdo (singular vocative)
uzdy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish uzda, from Proto-Slavic *uzda.

bridle (headgear with which a horse is directed)


greka

greka (nominative singular)
greki (genitive singular)
grece (dative singular)
grekę (accusative singular)
greką (instrumental singular)
grece (locative singular)
greko (singular vocative)

Greek (language spoken by people of Greece)

Modern Greek (Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453)

Ancient Greek (any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature)


paralela

paralela (nominative singular)
paralele (nominative plural)
paraleli (genitive singular)
paralel (genitive plural)
paraleli (dative singular)
paralelom (dative plural)
paralelę (accusative singular)
paralele (accusative plural)
paralelą (instrumental singular)
paralelami (instrumental plural)
paraleli (locative singular)
paralelach (locative plural)
paralelo (singular vocative)
paralele (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παράλληλος (parállēlos).

lbor

parallel (elaborate tracing of one or more similarities)

parallel (something identical or similar in essential respects)


bajda

bajda (nominative singular)
bajdy (nominative plural)
bajdy (genitive singular)
bajd (genitive plural)
bajdzie (dative singular)
bajdom (dative plural)
bajdę (accusative singular)
bajdy (accusative plural)
bajdą (instrumental singular)
bajdami (instrumental plural)
bajdzie (locative singular)
bajdach (locative plural)
bajdo (singular vocative)
bajdy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajьda. By surface analysis, bajać + -da.

(colloquial, derogatory) nonsense, baloney, hogwash


autobiografia

autobiografia (nominative singular)
autobiografii (genitive singular)
autobiografii (dative singular)
autobiografię (accusative singular)
autobiografią (instrumental singular)
autobiografii (locative singular)
autobiografio (singular vocative)


iglica

igliczka (diminutive)
iglica (nominative singular)
iglice (nominative plural)
iglicy (genitive singular)
iglic (genitive plural)
iglicy (dative singular)
iglicom (dative plural)
iglicę (accusative singular)
iglice (accusative plural)
iglicą (instrumental singular)
iglicami (instrumental plural)
iglicy (locative singular)
iglicach (locative plural)
iglico (singular vocative)
iglice (plural vocative)

Erodium cicutarium
Erodium cicutarium#Translingual

any plant of the genus Erodium, particularly the redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium)

(geology) needle (sharp pinnacle of rock)

(obsolete) a hairpin or a type of brooch


stanica

stanica (nominative singular)
stanice (nominative plural)
stanicy (genitive singular)
stanic (genitive plural)
stanicy (dative singular)
stanicom (dative plural)
stanicę (accusative singular)
stanice (accusative plural)
stanicą (instrumental singular)
stanicami (instrumental plural)
stanicy (locative singular)
stanicach (locative plural)
stanico (singular vocative)
stanice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stanica. By surface analysis, stan + -ica. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Russian стани́ца (staníca).

sl

(historical, chiefly in the plural, paganism) ensign used by pagan Slavs


szyszynka

szyszynka (nominative singular)
szyszynki (nominative plural)
szyszynki (genitive singular)
szyszynek (genitive plural)
szyszynce (dative singular)
szyszynkom (dative plural)
szyszynkę (accusative singular)
szyszynki (accusative plural)
szyszynką (instrumental singular)
szyszynkami (instrumental plural)
szyszynce (locative singular)
szyszynkach (locative plural)
szyszynko (singular vocative)
szyszynki (plural vocative)

conarium, epiphysis cerebri, pineal gland


prognoza

prognoza (nominative singular)
prognozy (nominative plural)
prognozy (genitive singular)
prognoz (genitive plural)
prognozie (dative singular)
prognozom (dative plural)
prognozę (accusative singular)
prognozy (accusative plural)
prognozą (instrumental singular)
prognozami (instrumental plural)
prognozie (locative singular)
prognozach (locative plural)
prognozo (singular vocative)
prognozy (plural vocative)

prognoza pogody

(medicine) prognosis (forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge)


stolica

stołeczny (adjective)
stolica (nominative singular)
stolice (nominative plural)
stolicy (genitive singular)
stolic (genitive plural)
stolicy (dative singular)
stolicom (dative plural)
stolicę (accusative singular)
stolice (accusative plural)
stolicą (instrumental singular)
stolicami (instrumental plural)
stolicy (locative singular)
stolicach (locative plural)
stolico (singular vocative)
stolice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stolica. Sense 1 is from sense 4 with a shift of seat for a leader -> place of authority.

capital, capital city (city designated as a legislative seat by the government or some other authority for a nation)

capital, capital city (main city of a region)

capital (most important area in the field specified)

(obsolete) bench (long seat with or without a back)

(obsolete) scaffold (platform for executions)

(obsolete) back part of the box of a manual chaff cutter

(obsolete) carpenter's tool for holding a whittled object


kanasta

kanasta (nominative singular)
kanasty (nominative plural)
kanasty (genitive singular)
kanast (genitive plural)
kanaście (dative singular)
kanastom (dative plural)
kanastę (accusative singular)
kanasty (accusative plural)
kanastą (instrumental singular)
kanastami (instrumental plural)
kanaście (locative singular)
kanastach (locative plural)
kanasto (singular vocative)
kanasty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish canasta, from Latin cānistrum, from Ancient Greek κάναστρον (kánastron, “basket of reeds”).


barki

inflection of barka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


Małopolska

Małopolska (nominative singular)
Małopolski (genitive singular)
Małopolsce (dative singular)
Małopolskę (accusative singular)
Małopolską (instrumental singular)
Małopolsce (locative singular)
Małopolsko (singular vocative)

(historical) Lesser Poland (a historical region in Poland)

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Lesser Poland, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (a voivodeship of Poland)


Alina

Alina (nominative singular)
Aliny (nominative plural)
Aliny (genitive singular)
Alin (genitive plural)
Alinie (dative singular)
Alinom (dative plural)
Alinę (accusative singular)
Aliny (accusative plural)
Aliną (instrumental singular)
Alinami (instrumental plural)
Alinie (locative singular)
Alinach (locative plural)
Alino (singular vocative)
Aliny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Alina


hipoteka

hipoteka (nominative singular)
hipoteki (nominative plural)
hipoteki (genitive singular)
hipotek (genitive plural)
hipotece (dative singular)
hipotekom (dative plural)
hipotekę (accusative singular)
hipoteki (accusative plural)
hipoteką (instrumental singular)
hipotekami (instrumental plural)
hipotece (locative singular)
hipotekach (locative plural)
hipoteko (singular vocative)
hipoteki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Hypothek, from Latin hypothēca (“pledge, mortgage”), from Ancient Greek ὑποθήκη (hupothḗkē, “warning, pledge”).

(law) mortgage, lien; limited legal right to seize real estate by a creditor when the debtor defaults on the payment of a loan


hipoteza

hipoteza (nominative singular)
hipotezy (nominative plural)
hipotezy (genitive singular)
hipotez (genitive plural)
hipotezie (dative singular)
hipotezom (dative plural)
hipotezę (accusative singular)
hipotezy (accusative plural)
hipotezą (instrumental singular)
hipotezami (instrumental plural)
hipotezie (locative singular)
hipotezach (locative plural)
hipotezo (singular vocative)
hipotezy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hypothèse, from Middle French hypothese, from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis).

(sciences) hypothesis (tentative conjecture in science)

hypothesis (assumption taken to be true)


stonoga

stonoga (nominative singular)
stonogi (nominative plural)
stonogi (genitive singular)
stonóg (genitive plural)
stonodze (dative singular)
stonogom (dative plural)
stonogę (accusative singular)
stonogi (accusative plural)
stonogą (instrumental singular)
stonogami (instrumental plural)
stonodze (locative singular)
stonogach (locative plural)
stonogo (singular vocative)
stonogi (plural vocative)

woodlouse belonging to the genus Oniscus


bezczelność

bezczelność (nominative singular)
bezczelności (genitive singular)
bezczelności (dative singular)
bezczelność (accusative singular)
bezczelnością (instrumental singular)
bezczelności (locative singular)
bezczelności (singular vocative)

/bɛsˈt͡ʂɛl.nɔɕt͡ɕ/

/bɛʂˈt͡ʂɛl.nɔɕt͡ɕ/


aronia

aronia (nominative singular)
aronie (nominative plural)
aronii (genitive singular)
aronii (genitive plural)
aronij (archaic genitive plural)
aronii (dative singular)
aroniom (dative plural)
aronię (accusative singular)
aronie (accusative plural)
aronią (instrumental singular)
aroniami (instrumental plural)
aronii (locative singular)
aroniach (locative plural)
aronio (singular vocative)
aronie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin aronia.


gameta

gameta (nominative singular)
gamety (nominative plural)
gamety (genitive singular)
gamet (genitive plural)
gamecie (dative singular)
gametom (dative plural)
gametę (accusative singular)
gamety (accusative plural)
gametą (instrumental singular)
gametami (instrumental plural)
gamecie (locative singular)
gametach (locative plural)
gameto (singular vocative)
gamety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γαμετή (gametḗ).


astenia

astenia (nominative singular)
astenii (genitive singular)
astenii (dative singular)
astenię (accusative singular)
astenią (instrumental singular)
astenii (locative singular)
astenio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Asthenie, from Ancient Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia).


Odra

Odra (nominative singular)
Odry (genitive singular)
Odrze (dative singular)
Odrę (accusative singular)
Odrą (instrumental singular)
Odrze (locative singular)
Odro (singular vocative)

Oder (a river in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany)


bibliofilia

bibliofilia (nominative singular)
bibliofilii (genitive singular)
bibliofilii (dative singular)
bibliofilię (accusative singular)
bibliofilią (instrumental singular)
bibliofilii (locative singular)
bibliofilio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -filia. First attested in 1841.


Septuaginta

Septuaginta (nominative singular)
Septuaginty (genitive singular)
Septuagincie (dative singular)
Septuagintę (accusative singular)
Septuagintą (instrumental singular)
Septuagincie (locative singular)
Septuaginto (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Septuāgintā.


tarta

tarta (nominative singular)
tarty (nominative plural)
tarty (genitive singular)
tart (genitive plural)
tarcie (dative singular)
tartom (dative plural)
tartę (accusative singular)
tarty (accusative plural)
tartą (instrumental singular)
tartami (instrumental plural)
tarcie (locative singular)
tartach (locative plural)
tarto (singular vocative)
tarty (plural vocative)

tart (type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, now typically containing jam or conserve, or sometimes other fillings (chocolate, custard, egg, butter, historically even meat or other savory fillings))


wrona

wronka (diminutive)
wrona (nominative singular)
wrony (nominative plural)
wrony (genitive singular)
wron (genitive plural)
wronie (dative singular)
wronom (dative plural)
wronę (accusative singular)
wrony (accusative plural)
wroną (instrumental singular)
wronami (instrumental plural)
wronie (locative singular)
wronach (locative plural)
wrono (singular vocative)
wrony (plural vocative)

Corvus cornix
Corvus cornix#Translingual

kiedy wejdziesz między wrony, musisz krakać jak i one


-aza

-aza (nominative singular)
-azy (nominative plural)
-azy (genitive singular)
-az (genitive plural)
-azie (dative singular)
-azom (dative plural)
-azę (accusative singular)
-azy (accusative plural)
-azą (instrumental singular)
-azami (instrumental plural)
-azie (locative singular)
-azach (locative plural)
-azo (singular vocative)
-azy (plural vocative)

amyl + -aza → amylaza


melina

melina (nominative singular)
meliny (nominative plural)
meliny (genitive singular)
melin (genitive plural)
melinie (dative singular)
melinom (dative plural)
melinę (accusative singular)
meliny (accusative plural)
meliną (instrumental singular)
melinami (instrumental plural)
melinie (locative singular)
melinach (locative plural)
melino (singular vocative)
meliny (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) den, hideout (place where illegal wares are stored and sold)

(colloquial, derogatory) a decrepit, sleazy dwelling or establishment

(slang, humorous) a room that houses a party during a group excursion


homeopatia

homeopatia (nominative singular)
homeopatii (genitive singular)
homeopatii (dative singular)
homeopatię (accusative singular)
homeopatią (instrumental singular)
homeopatii (locative singular)
homeopatio (singular vocative)


Muntenia

Muntenia (a historical region in Romania)


alanina

alanina (nominative singular)
alaniny (nominative plural)
alaniny (genitive singular)
alanin (genitive plural)
alaninie (dative singular)
alaninom (dative plural)
alaninę (accusative singular)
alaniny (accusative plural)
alaniną (instrumental singular)
alaninami (instrumental plural)
alaninie (locative singular)
alaninach (locative plural)
alanino (singular vocative)
alaniny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alanine. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900–1927), “alanina”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw


stechiometria

stechiometria (nominative singular)
stechiometrii (genitive singular)
stechiometrii (dative singular)
stechiometrię (accusative singular)
stechiometrią (instrumental singular)
stechiometrii (locative singular)
stechiometrio (singular vocative)


gwiazda

gwiazdka (diminutive)
gwiazda (nominative singular)
gwiazdy (nominative plural)
gwiazdy (genitive singular)
gwiazd (genitive plural)
gwieździe (dative singular)
gwiazdom (dative plural)
gwiazdę (accusative singular)
gwiazdy (accusative plural)
gwiazdą (instrumental singular)
gwiazdami (instrumental plural)
gwieździe (locative singular)
gwiazdach (locative plural)
gwiazdo (singular vocative)
gwiazdy (plural vocative)


otchłań

otchłań (nominative singular)
otchłanie (nominative plural)
otchłani (genitive singular)
otchłani (genitive plural)
otchłani (dative singular)
otchłaniom (dative plural)
otchłań (accusative singular)
otchłanie (accusative plural)
otchłanią (instrumental singular)
otchłaniami (instrumental plural)
otchłani (locative singular)
otchłaniach (locative plural)
otchłani (singular vocative)
otchłanie (plural vocative)

abyss, depths, void (bottomless or unfathomed depth)

(Roman Catholicism, theology) limbo (place for innocent souls)


jama

jama (nominative singular)
jamy (nominative plural)
jamy (genitive singular)
jam (genitive plural)
jamie (dative singular)
jamom (dative plural)
jamę (accusative singular)
jamy (accusative plural)
jamą (instrumental singular)
jamami (instrumental plural)
jamie (locative singular)
jamach (locative plural)
jamo (singular vocative)
jamy (plural vocative)


Niemiec

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *němьcь. By surface analysis, niemy + -iec.


liczba

liczba (nominative singular)
liczby (nominative plural)
liczby (genitive singular)
liczb (genitive plural)
liczbie (dative singular)
liczbom (dative plural)
liczbę (accusative singular)
liczby (accusative plural)
liczbą (instrumental singular)
liczbami (instrumental plural)
liczbie (locative singular)
liczbach (locative plural)
liczbo (singular vocative)
liczby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish liczba. By surface analysis, liczyć + -ba.

number (mathematical concept used for describing amounts with the help of digits or symbols)

(grammar) number (of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection)

(Middle Polish) number; order, sequence, succession

(Middle Polish, mathematics) arithmetic; mathematics

(Middle Polish) ability or manner to count

(Middle Polish) hallmark (badge used to indicate belonging to someone or something)

(Middle Polish) number; Further details are uncertain.


czerń

czerń (nominative singular)
czerni (genitive singular)
czerni (dative singular)
czerń (accusative singular)
czernią (instrumental singular)
czerni (locative singular)
czerni (singular vocative)

dark (a complete or (more often) partial absence of light)

(collective, historical) 17th century term for peasants living in Ukraine

(derogatory, collective) in reference to lower social strata: commoners, riffraff


godzina

pl-noun

godzina f (diminutive godzinka, abbreviation g. or godz. or h)

godzinka (diminutive)
g. (abbreviation)
godz. (abbreviation)
h (abbreviation)
godzina (nominative singular)
godziny (nominative plural)
godziny (genitive singular)
godzin (genitive plural)
godzinie (dative singular)
godzinom (dative plural)
godzinę (accusative singular)
godziny (accusative plural)
godziną (instrumental singular)
godzinami (instrumental plural)
godzinie (locative singular)
godzinach (locative plural)
godzino (singular vocative)
godziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish godzina. By surface analysis, gody + -ina.

Która godzina?

What time is it? (literally, “Which hour (is it)?”)

Będę za godzinę.

Jedzie pięćdziesiąt kilometrów na godzinę.

He is driving fifty kilometers per hour.

(education) lesson of forty-five minutes

(Middle Polish, in the plural, Roman Catholicism, now only in set phrases) hour (set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them)


czynność

czynność (nominative singular)
czynności (nominative plural)
czynności (genitive singular)
czynności (genitive plural)
czynności (dative singular)
czynnościom (dative plural)
czynność (accusative singular)
czynności (accusative plural)
czynnością (instrumental singular)
czynnościami (instrumental plural)
czynności (locative singular)
czynnościach (locative plural)
czynności (singular vocative)
czynności (plural vocative)

/ˈt͡ʂɨn.nɔɕt͡ɕ/

action (something done so as to accomplish a purpose)


teściowa

teść (masculine)
teściowa (nominative singular)
teściowe (nominative plural)
teściowej (genitive singular)
teściowych (genitive plural)
teściowej (dative singular)
teściowym (dative plural)
teściową (accusative singular)
teściowe (accusative plural)
teściową (instrumental singular)
teściowymi (instrumental plural)
teściowej (locative singular)
teściowych (locative plural)
teściowo (singular vocative)
teściowe (plural vocative)


synowa

synowa (nominative singular)
synowe (nominative plural)
synowej (genitive singular)
synowych (genitive plural)
synowej (dative singular)
synowym (dative plural)
synową (accusative singular)
synowe (accusative plural)
synową (instrumental singular)
synowymi (instrumental plural)
synowej (locative singular)
synowych (locative plural)
synowo (singular vocative)
synowe (plural vocative)


bratowa

bratowa (nominative singular)
bratowe (nominative plural)
bratowej (genitive singular)
bratowych (genitive plural)
bratowej (dative singular)
bratowym (dative plural)
bratową (accusative singular)
bratowe (accusative plural)
bratową (instrumental singular)
bratowymi (instrumental plural)
bratowej (locative singular)
bratowych (locative plural)
bratowo (singular vocative)
bratowe (plural vocative)

From brat (“brother”) + -owa (“possessive suffix”).


śliwka

śliweczka (diminutive)
śliwka (nominative singular)
śliwki (nominative plural)
śliwki (genitive singular)
śliwek (genitive plural)
śliwce (dative singular)
śliwkom (dative plural)
śliwkę (accusative singular)
śliwki (accusative plural)
śliwką (instrumental singular)
śliwkami (instrumental plural)
śliwce (locative singular)
śliwkach (locative plural)
śliwko (singular vocative)
śliwki (plural vocative)


przyszłość

pl-noun

przyszłość f (related adjective przyszłościowy)

przyszłościowy (adjective)
przyszłość (nominative singular)
przyszłości (genitive singular)
przyszłości (dative singular)
przyszłość (accusative singular)
przyszłością (instrumental singular)
przyszłości (locative singular)
przyszłości (singular vocative)

→ Kashubian: przëszłosc

→ Silesian: prziszłość

/ˈpʂɨʂ.wɔɕt͡ɕ/

/ˈpʂɨʂ.ɫɔɕt͡ɕ/

/ˈpr̝ɨʂ.ɫɔɕt͡ɕ/

From przyszły + -ość. First attested in 1744.

ref

Michał Abraham Troc (1744) Nouveau dictionnaire francois, allemand et polonois (etc.) (in French), Gleditsch, page 495

future (time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced)

future (something that will happen in moments yet to come)

future (goodness in what is yet to come)

future (likely prospects for or fate of someone or something in time to come)


ilość

ilość (nominative singular)
ilości (nominative plural)
ilości (genitive singular)
ilości (genitive plural)
ilości (dative singular)
ilościom (dative plural)
ilość (accusative singular)
ilości (accusative plural)
ilością (instrumental singular)
ilościami (instrumental plural)
ilości (locative singular)
ilościach (locative plural)
ilości (singular vocative)
ilości (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: jilosc

→ Masurian: iloszcz

From ile + -ość. Calque of Latin quantitās. First attested in 1532.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ilość”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Coordinate term: jakość

amount; quantity (total, aggregate or sum of material)


miedź

miedziany (adjective)
miedź (nominative singular)
miedzi (genitive singular)
miedzi (dative singular)
miedź (accusative singular)
miedzią (instrumental singular)
miedzi (locative singular)
miedzi (singular vocative)


cytryna

cytrynka (diminutive)
cytryna (nominative singular)
cytryny (nominative plural)
cytryny (genitive singular)
cytryn (genitive plural)
cytrynie (dative singular)
cytrynom (dative plural)
cytrynę (accusative singular)
cytryny (accusative plural)
cytryną (instrumental singular)
cytrynami (instrumental plural)
cytrynie (locative singular)
cytrynach (locative plural)
cytryno (singular vocative)
cytryny (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: citrina

→ Ukrainian: цитри́на (cytrýna)

Borrowed from Italian mela citrina, from Latin mālum citrīnum, from citrīnus, from citrus, from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros). Doublet of cedr, cedrat, cytron, cytrus, and cytryn.


kopalnia

pl-noun

kopalnia f (related adjective kopalniany)

kopalniany (adjective)
kopalnia (nominative singular)
kopalnie (nominative plural)
kopalni (genitive singular)
kopalń (genitive plural)
kopalni (genitive plural)
kopalni (dative singular)
kopalniom (dative plural)
kopalnię (accusative singular)
kopalnie (accusative plural)
kopalnią (instrumental singular)
kopalniami (instrumental plural)
kopalni (locative singular)
kopalniach (locative plural)
kopalnio (singular vocative)
kopalnie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòpalniô (calque)

→ Masurian: kopalniá (calque)

→ Silesian: kopalnia

Calque of Latin fodīna. By surface analysis, kopać + -alnia. First attested in 1782. Displaced góra.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “kopalnia”, in Słownik języka polskiego

mine (excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels)

kopalnia złota

(figuratively) mine (any source of wealth or resources)


twarz

pl-noun

twarz f (diminutive twarzyczka, related adjective twarzowy)

twarzyczka (diminutive)
twarzowy (adjective)
twarz (nominative singular)
twarze (nominative plural)
twarzy (genitive singular)
twarzy (genitive plural)
twarzy (dative singular)
twarzom (dative plural)
twarz (accusative singular)
twarze (accusative plural)
twarzą (instrumental singular)
twarzami (instrumental plural)
twarzy (locative singular)
twarzach (locative plural)
twarzy (singular vocative)
twarze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish twarz. By surface analysis, deverbal from tworzyć. Displaced lico, now considered poetic.

surf

(countable) face (aspect of the character or nature of someone)

(uncountable) face (good reputation; standing, in the eyes of others)

(countable) face (aspect of the character or nature of someone or something)


praca

praca (nominative singular)
prace (nominative plural)
pracy (genitive singular)
prac (genitive plural)
pracy (dative singular)
pracom (dative plural)
pracę (accusative singular)
prace (accusative plural)
pracą (instrumental singular)
pracami (instrumental plural)
pracy (locative singular)
pracach (locative plural)
praco (singular vocative)
prace (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: prôca

→ Russian: пра́ца (práca)

→ Slovincian: proca

work (sustained effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result)

Znajdź normalną pracę.

job (economic role for which a person is paid)

work; job, workplace (place where one performs such activities)

work (product; the result of effort, particularly a literary, artistic, or intellectual production)

(physics) work (measure of energy expended in moving an object)


akcja

akcyjny (adjective)
akcja (nominative singular)
akcje (nominative plural)
akcji (genitive singular)
akcji (genitive plural)
akcyj (archaic genitive plural)
akcji (dative singular)
akcjom (dative plural)
akcję (accusative singular)
akcje (accusative plural)
akcją (instrumental singular)
akcjami (instrumental plural)
akcji (locative singular)
akcjach (locative plural)
akcjo (singular vocative)
akcje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akcjô

Learned borrowing from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”). Sense 1 and sense 6 are semantic loans from German Aktion or French action. First attested in 1553.

sl

action, mission, campaign, operation (something done in order to accomplish something)

składna akcja

akcja ofensywna

zainicjować akcję

Witold Doroszewski
w:pl:Witold Doroszewski

w:pl:Słownik języka polskiego (Witold Doroszewski)

(sports) attack (something done in order to gain an advantage)

akcja sceniczna

akcja dramatyczna

gra akcji

akcja sztuki

film akcji

akcja filmu

(film, literature, theater, video games) action (fast-paced activity especially in literature, play acting, or film)

(in the plural, finance) stock (shares collectively)

share (financial instrument)
stock (shares collectively)

(in the plural, by extension, finance) stock (power or influence of a person or organization)

+obj

:o(acc)<over what> + :przeciw(dat)<against whom>

(obsolete) action, litigation, legal case [with o (+ accusative) ‘over what’ and przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom’]

J. Karłowicz
w:pl:Jan Aleksander Karłowicz

W. Niedźwiedzki
w:pl:Władysław Niedźwiedzki

(obsolete) gesticulation, facial expression

akcja serca

przyspieszenie akcji serca/wzmożona akcja serca

(Middle Polish, except in set phrases, medicine) action, organ function


ręka

pl-noun

ręka f (diminutive rączka, augmentative rączysko)

rączka (diminutive)
rączysko (augmentative)
ręka (nominative singular)
ręce (nominative plural)
ręki (genitive singular)
rąk (genitive plural)
ręce (dative singular)
rękom (dative plural)
rękę (accusative singular)
ręce (accusative plural)
ręką (instrumental singular)
rękami (instrumental plural)
rękoma (instrumental plural)
ręce (locative singular)
rękach (locative plural)
ręku (locative plural)
ręko (singular vocative)
ręce (plural vocative)

(countable, soccer) handball (the offence of a player other than the goalkeeper touching the ball with the hand or arm on the field during play)

hand (person that can perform a task, usually one requiring the hands)

hand (person or institution that has the authority or competence or the ability to decide in an issue)

(obsolete) side (one half (especially left or right) of something or someone)


nornica

nornica (nominative singular)
nornice (nominative plural)
nornicy (genitive singular)
nornic (genitive plural)
nornicy (dative singular)
nornicom (dative plural)
nornicę (accusative singular)
nornice (accusative plural)
nornicą (instrumental singular)
nornicami (instrumental plural)
nornicy (locative singular)
nornicach (locative plural)
nornico (singular vocative)
nornice (plural vocative)

red-backed vole (vole of the genus Myodes)


ciemność

ciemność (nominative singular)
ciemności (nominative plural)
ciemności (genitive singular)
ciemności (genitive plural)
ciemności (dative singular)
ciemnościom (dative plural)
ciemność (accusative singular)
ciemności (accusative plural)
ciemnością (instrumental singular)
ciemnościami (instrumental plural)
ciemności (locative singular)
ciemnościach (locative plural)
ciemności (singular vocative)
ciemności (plural vocative)

/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɔɕt͡ɕ/

dark (a complete or (more often) partial absence of light)


próżnia

próżnia (nominative singular)
próżnie (nominative plural)
próżni (genitive singular)
próżni (genitive plural)
próżni (dative singular)
próżniom (dative plural)
próżnię (accusative singular)
próżnie (accusative plural)
próżnią (instrumental singular)
próżniami (instrumental plural)
próżni (locative singular)
próżniach (locative plural)
próżnio (singular vocative)
próżnie (plural vocative)

vacuum (region of space that contains no matter)


Ameryka Południowa

Ameryka Południowa (nominative singular)
Ameryki Południowej (genitive singular)
Ameryce Południowej (dative singular)
Amerykę Południową (accusative singular)
Ameryką Południową (instrumental singular)
Ameryce Południowej (locative singular)
Ameryko Południowa (singular vocative)


odwaga

odwaga (nominative singular)
odwagi (genitive singular)
odwadze (dative singular)
odwagę (accusative singular)
odwagą (instrumental singular)
odwadze (locative singular)
odwago (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: адва́га (adváha)

→ Russian: отва́га (otvága)

→ Ukrainian: відва́га (vidváha)


myśl

myślowy (adjective)
myśl (nominative singular)
myśli (nominative plural)
myśli (genitive singular)
myśli (genitive plural)
myśli (dative singular)
myślom (dative plural)
myśl (accusative singular)
myśli (accusative plural)
myślą (instrumental singular)
myślami (instrumental plural)
myśli (locative singular)
myślach (locative plural)
myśli (singular vocative)
myśli (plural vocative)

thought (representation created in the mind) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]

Near-synonym: ideologia

Near-synonyms: chęć, pomysł, zamiar

idea, thought (conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention)

(obsolete, except in set phrases) mind; disposition, mood

(Middle Polish) boldness, courage, spirit, vigor

(Middle Polish, theology) one of the elements of a philosophical or theological definition of God or man; mind

(Middle Polish) contemplation; recollection; care; diligence; dream


sowa

sówka (diminutive)
sowa (nominative singular)
sowy (nominative plural)
sowy (genitive singular)
sów (genitive plural)
sowie (dative singular)
sowom (dative plural)
sowę (accusative singular)
sowy (accusative plural)
sową (instrumental singular)
sowami (instrumental plural)
sowie (locative singular)
sowach (locative plural)
sowo (singular vocative)
sowy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish sowa, from Proto-Slavic *sova.

Macrolepiota procera
Macrolepiota procera#Translingual

(regional) parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera)

(colloquial) night owl (one who stays up late at night or goes to bed late)

(colloquial) four-eyes (one who wears eyeglasses)


Afryka

Afryka (nominative singular)
Afryki (genitive singular)
Afryce (dative singular)
Afrykę (accusative singular)
Afryką (instrumental singular)
Afryce (locative singular)
Afryko (singular vocative)


kolej

kolejowy (adjective)
kolej (nominative singular)
koleje (nominative plural)
kolei (genitive singular)
kolei (genitive plural)
kolei (dative singular)
kolejom (dative plural)
kolej (accusative singular)
koleje (accusative plural)
koleją (instrumental singular)
kolejami (instrumental plural)
kolei (locative singular)
kolejach (locative plural)
kolei (singular vocative)
koleje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koleja, with an unexpected loss of -a.

(countable) rail, railway (transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods)

Polskie Koleje Państwowe

(countable) rail, railway (enterprise dealing with rail transportation)

(countable) train (vehicle that moves on rails)

(countable) rail (route designated by tracks)

(countable) rail, railway (wagons or lifts placed on a rope or tracks that lead to a mountain peak)

Near-synonym: pora

Jest twoja kolej.

+obj

(uncountable) turn (appropriate time for a person to take an action i.e. in a game) [with na (+ accusative) ‘for whom/what’]

Near-synonym: następstwo

(chiefly in the plural) order (natural sequence of events)

(countable, obsolete) rut (furrow, groove, or track worn in the ground)

(countable, obsolete) hairdo (particular way in which one places their hair)


sztuka

pl-noun

sztuka f (diminutive sztuczka, abbreviation szt.)

sztuczka (diminutive)
szt. (abbreviation)
sztuka (nominative singular)
sztuki (nominative plural)
sztuki (genitive singular)
sztuk (genitive plural)
sztuce (dative singular)
sztukom (dative plural)
sztukę (accusative singular)
sztuki (accusative plural)
sztuką (instrumental singular)
sztukami (instrumental plural)
sztuce (locative singular)
sztukach (locative plural)
sztuko (singular vocative)
sztuki (plural vocative)

→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)

Inherited from Old Polish sztuka. Sense 1 was derived from sense 12. Doublet of stiuk.

art (conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium)

art (subject at school teaching how to create such arrangements)

art (skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation)

art; stunt (action requiring such skill)

play (theatrical piece featuring actors)

play (single performance of such a piece)

piece (single item belonging to a class of similar items)

Near-synonyms: człowiek, osoba

(colloquial, expressive) person; piece of work (individual human)

(archaic) specific quantity of fabric sold as a whole

(obsolete) trick (something designed to fool or swindle)

(obsolete, crafting) masterwork (craftsman's product entitling him to obtain the rank of journeyman, foreman, or master)

(obsolete, brewing) wheat brewed into malt

(obsolete, brewing) amount of malt designated for one brew

(Middle Polish) decoration (decorative element)


encyklopedia

encyklopedia f (related adjective encyklopedyczny)

encyklopedyczny (adjective)
encyklopedia (nominative singular)
encyklopedie (nominative plural)
encyklopedii (genitive singular)
encyklopedii (genitive plural)
encyklopedyj (archaic genitive plural)
encyklopedii (dative singular)
encyklopediom (dative plural)
encyklopedię (accusative singular)
encyklopedie (accusative plural)
encyklopedią (instrumental singular)
encyklopediami (instrumental plural)
encyklopedii (locative singular)
encyklopediach (locative plural)
encyklopedio (singular vocative)
encyklopedie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English encyclopedia, French encyclopédie, German Enzyklopädie, ultimately from New Latin encyclopaedīa, from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ (enkúklios paideíā).

der

ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ

encyclopedia (comprehensive reference with articles on a range of topic)

encyclopedia (collection of information from a particular discipline of science or from different fields)


śmierć

śmierć (nominative singular)
śmierci (nominative plural)
śmierci (genitive singular)
śmierci (genitive plural)
śmierci (dative singular)
śmierciom (dative plural)
śmierć (accusative singular)
śmierci (accusative plural)
śmiercią (instrumental singular)
śmierciami (instrumental plural)
śmierci (locative singular)
śmierciach (locative plural)
śmierci (singular vocative)
śmierci (plural vocative)

(medicine) death (cessation of the body's life processes)

death (personification of death, usually with a scythe and hood)


armia

armijny (adjective)
armia (nominative singular)
armie (nominative plural)
armii (genitive singular)
armii (genitive plural)
armij (archaic genitive plural)
armii (dative singular)
armiom (dative plural)
armię (accusative singular)
armie (accusative plural)
armią (instrumental singular)
armiami (instrumental plural)
armii (locative singular)
armiach (locative plural)
armio (singular vocative)
armie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: armiô

Borrowed from Russian а́рмия (ármija). First attested in 1609. Compare Silesian armijŏ.

ref

Giovanni Botero (1609) Paweł Łęczycki (Lancicius), transl., RELATIAE POWSZECHNE ABO NOWINY POSPOLITE IANA BOTERA BENESIVSA Rozłożone ná pięć części … (in Polish), page 301

(military) army (large, highly organised military force concerned mainly with ground operations, or the entire branch thereof)

(military) army (largest operational military unit; number of divisions or corps of a given type of troops under common command)

(military) army (part of the armed forces in the area of war)

(figuratively) army (large group of people)


tuberkuloza

tuberkuloza (nominative singular)
tuberkulozy (nominative plural)
tuberkulozy (genitive singular)
tuberkuloz (genitive plural)
tuberkulozie (dative singular)
tuberkulozom (dative plural)
tuberkulozę (accusative singular)
tuberkulozy (accusative plural)
tuberkulozą (instrumental singular)
tuberkulozami (instrumental plural)
tuberkulozie (locative singular)
tuberkulozach (locative plural)
tuberkulozo (singular vocative)
tuberkulozy (plural vocative)

(pathology, literary, rare) tuberculosis


autopsja

autopsja (nominative singular)
autopsje (nominative plural)
autopsji (genitive singular)
autopsji (genitive plural)
autopsyj (archaic genitive plural)
autopsji (dative singular)
autopsjom (dative plural)
autopsję (accusative singular)
autopsje (accusative plural)
autopsją (instrumental singular)
autopsjami (instrumental plural)
autopsji (locative singular)
autopsjach (locative plural)
autopsjo (singular vocative)
autopsje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αὐτοψῐ́ᾱ (autopsíā).

lbor

(literary) autopsy (a dissection performed on a cadaver)

(literary) autopsy (an eyewitness observation)


małpa

pl-noun

małpa f (diminutive małpka, related adjective małpi)

małpka (diminutive)
małpi (adjective)
małpa (nominative singular)
małpy (nominative plural)
małpy (genitive singular)
małp (genitive plural)
małpie (dative singular)
małpom (dative plural)
małpę (accusative singular)
małpy (accusative plural)
małpą (instrumental singular)
małpami (instrumental plural)
małpie (locative singular)
małpach (locative plural)
małpo (singular vocative)
małpy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ма́лпа (málpa)

→ Ukrainian: ма́впа (mávpa)

→ Yiddish: מאַלפּע (malpe)

Usually derived from German Maulaffe (“gaping fool, gaper”), from Maul (“mouth”) + Affe (“ape, monkey”). However, the German word is attested no earlier than the Polish (both 15th century), it never actually means “ape”, and it poses various phonetic difficulties. The Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter therefore casts doubt on the derivation.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) monkey (black person; a person of African ancestry)

(colloquial, derogatory) witch, hag, harridan


koperta

koperta f (diminutive kopertka, related adjective kopertowy)

kopertka (diminutive)
kopertowy (adjective)
koperta (nominative singular)
koperty (nominative plural)
koperty (genitive singular)
kopert (genitive plural)
kopercie (dative singular)
kopertom (dative plural)
kopertę (accusative singular)
koperty (accusative plural)
kopertą (instrumental singular)
kopertami (instrumental plural)
kopercie (locative singular)
kopertach (locative plural)
koperto (singular vocative)
koperty (plural vocative)

envelope (paper or cardboard wrapper used to enclose small, flat items, especially letters, for mailing)

protective jacket or case, especially for a record, containing art and information about the contents; also: the analogous leaflet found in a packaged CD

clutch, clutch bag (small handbag without a shoulder strap, designed to be held in the hand)

comforter cover with a characteristic diamond-shaped opening in the middle on the top side

(automotive, colloquial) painted rectangle with two diagonals marking the place intended for parking the vehicle of an authorized person or used (until 2005) to test the ability of a driving test candidate to perform the maneuver of parallel parking in reverse

(automotive, colloquial) maneuver of parallel parking in reverse that a driving test candidate should be able to perform

(colloquial, metonymically) money given in an envelope as a bribe or gift


wartość

wartość (nominative singular)
wartości (nominative plural)
wartości (genitive singular)
wartości (genitive plural)
wartości (dative singular)
wartościom (dative plural)
wartość (accusative singular)
wartości (accusative plural)
wartością (instrumental singular)
wartościami (instrumental plural)
wartości (locative singular)
wartościach (locative plural)
wartości (singular vocative)
wartości (plural vocative)

From wart + -ość. First attested in the 18th century. Compare Silesian wartość, Kashubian wôrtosc/wôrtnosc, and Ukrainian ва́ртість (vártistʹ).

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “wartość”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(uncountable) value (that how much something is worth materially)

(countable) value (degree of importance given to something)

(countable) value (properties of something that determine that it meets specific needs)

(uncountable) wholesomeness, merit, value (set of positive human features that prove one's morality and dignity)

(uncountable) wholesomeness, merit (that which is valued or highly esteemed, such as one's morals, morality, or belief system)

(countable, mathematics, physics) value (definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined)


podkowa

podkówka (diminutive)
podkowa (nominative singular)
podkowy (nominative plural)
podkowy (genitive singular)
podków (genitive plural)
podkowie (dative singular)
podkowom (dative plural)
podkowę (accusative singular)
podkowy (accusative plural)
podkową (instrumental singular)
podkowami (instrumental plural)
podkowie (locative singular)
podkowach (locative plural)
podkowo (singular vocative)
podkowy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъkova. By surface analysis, deverbal from podkuć.


żaba

żabka (diminutive)
żaba (nominative singular)
żaby (nominative plural)
żaby (genitive singular)
żab (genitive plural)
żabie (dative singular)
żabom (dative plural)
żabę (accusative singular)
żaby (accusative plural)
żabą (instrumental singular)
żabami (instrumental plural)
żabie (locative singular)
żabach (locative plural)
żabo (singular vocative)
żaby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish żaba, from Proto-Slavic *žaba.


automania

automania (nominative singular)
automanii (genitive singular)
automanii (dative singular)
automanię (accusative singular)
automanią (instrumental singular)
automanii (locative singular)
automanio (singular vocative)


zapałka

zapałka (nominative singular)
zapałki (nominative plural)
zapałki (genitive singular)
zapałek (genitive plural)
zapałce (dative singular)
zapałkom (dative plural)
zapałkę (accusative singular)
zapałki (accusative plural)
zapałką (instrumental singular)
zapałkami (instrumental plural)
zapałce (locative singular)
zapałkach (locative plural)
zapałko (singular vocative)
zapałki (plural vocative)


kropka

pl-noun

kropka f (diminutive kropeczka, augmentative kropa)

kropeczka (diminutive)
kropa (augmentative)
kropka (nominative singular)
kropki (nominative plural)
kropki (genitive singular)
kropek (genitive plural)
kropce (dative singular)
kropkom (dative plural)
kropkę (accusative singular)
kropki (accusative plural)
kropką (instrumental singular)
kropkami (instrumental plural)
kropce (locative singular)
kropkach (locative plural)
kropko (singular vocative)
kropki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kropka, from Proto-Slavic *kropъka. By surface analysis, kropić + -ka.


zoolatria

zoolatria (nominative singular)
zoolatrii (genitive singular)
zoolatrii (dative singular)
zoolatrię (accusative singular)
zoolatrią (instrumental singular)
zoolatrii (locative singular)
zoolatrio (singular vocative)


pochwa

pochewka (diminutive)
pochwa (nominative singular)
pochwy (nominative plural)
pochwy (genitive singular)
pochew (genitive plural)
pochwie (dative singular)
pochwom (dative plural)
pochwę (accusative singular)
pochwy (accusative plural)
pochwą (instrumental singular)
pochwami (instrumental plural)
pochwie (locative singular)
pochwach (locative plural)
pochwo (singular vocative)
pochwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pochwa, from Proto-Slavic *poxъva. Cognate with Belarusian по́хва (póxva), Czech pochva, and Ukrainian пі́хва (píxva).

vagina (passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals)


szminka

szminka (nominative singular)
szminki (nominative plural)
szminki (genitive singular)
szminek (genitive plural)
szmince (dative singular)
szminkom (dative plural)
szminkę (accusative singular)
szminki (accusative plural)
szminką (instrumental singular)
szminkami (instrumental plural)
szmince (locative singular)
szminkach (locative plural)
szminko (singular vocative)
szminki (plural vocative)

(cosmetics) lipstick (make-up for the lips)


Nikaragua

Nikaragua (nominative singular)
Nikaragui (genitive singular)
Nikaragui (dative singular)
Nikaraguę (accusative singular)
Nikaraguą (instrumental singular)
Nikaragui (locative singular)
Nikaraguo (singular vocative)

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


rozgwiazda

rozgwiazda (nominative singular)
rozgwiazdy (nominative plural)
rozgwiazdy (genitive singular)
rozgwiazd (genitive plural)
rozgwieździe (dative singular)
rozgwiazdom (dative plural)
rozgwiazdę (accusative singular)
rozgwiazdy (accusative plural)
rozgwiazdą (instrumental singular)
rozgwiazdami (instrumental plural)
rozgwieździe (locative singular)
rozgwiazdach (locative plural)
rozgwiazdo (singular vocative)
rozgwiazdy (plural vocative)

From roz- + gwiazda, based on German Seestern or English starfish.


patyna

patyna (nominative singular)
patyny (genitive singular)
patynie (dative singular)
patynę (accusative singular)
patyną (instrumental singular)
patynie (locative singular)
patyno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian patina, from Latin patina, from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē).

patina (color or incrustation which age and wear give to objects)


chciwość

chciwość (nominative singular)
chciwości (genitive singular)
chciwości (dative singular)
chciwość (accusative singular)
chciwością (instrumental singular)
chciwości (locative singular)
chciwości (singular vocative)


Dominika

Dominika (nominative singular)
Dominiki (nominative plural)
Dominiki (genitive singular)
Dominik (genitive plural)
Dominice (dative singular)
Dominikom (dative plural)
Dominikę (accusative singular)
Dominiki (accusative plural)
Dominiką (instrumental singular)
Dominikami (instrumental plural)
Dominice (locative singular)
Dominikach (locative plural)
Dominiko (singular vocative)
Dominiki (plural vocative)

(singular only) Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Tajlandia

Tajlandia (nominative singular)
Tajlandii (genitive singular)
Tajlandii (dative singular)
Tajlandię (accusative singular)
Tajlandią (instrumental singular)
Tajlandii (locative singular)
Tajlandio (singular vocative)


wiadomość

wiadomostka (diminutive)
wiadomość (nominative singular)
wiadomości (nominative plural)
wiadomości (genitive singular)
wiadomości (genitive plural)
wiadomości (dative singular)
wiadomościom (dative plural)
wiadomość (accusative singular)
wiadomości (accusative plural)
wiadomością (instrumental singular)
wiadomościami (instrumental plural)
wiadomości (locative singular)
wiadomościach (locative plural)
wiadomości (singular vocative)
wiadomości (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wiadomość. By surface analysis, wiadomy + -ość. Compare Czech vědomost, Kashubian wiadomòsc, and Russian ве́домость (védomostʹ, “list, register, roll”).

cog

do twojej wiadomości

message, piece of news, piece of information (a concept conveyed by symbology)

(in the plural) news (reports of current events)

(now only in the plural) knowledge (awareness of something or a body of knowledge in some field) [with z (+ genitive) ‘in what’]


konewka

koneweczka (diminutive)
konewka (nominative singular)
konewki (nominative plural)
konewki (genitive singular)
konewek (genitive plural)
konewce (dative singular)
konewkom (dative plural)
konewkę (accusative singular)
konewki (accusative plural)
konewką (instrumental singular)
konewkami (instrumental plural)
konewce (locative singular)
konewkach (locative plural)
konewko (singular vocative)
konewki (plural vocative)


obietnica

obietnica (nominative singular)
obietnice (nominative plural)
obietnicy (genitive singular)
obietnic (genitive plural)
obietnicy (dative singular)
obietnicom (dative plural)
obietnicę (accusative singular)
obietnice (accusative plural)
obietnicą (instrumental singular)
obietnicami (instrumental plural)
obietnicy (locative singular)
obietnicach (locative plural)
obietnico (singular vocative)
obietnice (plural vocative)


rewolucja

pl-noun

rewolucja f (diminutive rewolucyjka, related adjective rewolucyjny)

rewolucyjka (diminutive)
rewolucyjny (adjective)
rewolucja (nominative singular)
rewolucje (nominative plural)
rewolucji (genitive singular)
rewolucji (genitive plural)
rewolucyj (archaic genitive plural)
rewolucji (dative singular)
rewolucjom (dative plural)
rewolucję (accusative singular)
rewolucje (accusative plural)
rewolucją (instrumental singular)
rewolucjami (instrumental plural)
rewolucji (locative singular)
rewolucjach (locative plural)
rewolucjo (singular vocative)
rewolucje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: rewòlucjô, rewolucëjô

desctree

→ Russian: револю́ция (revoljúcija), револю́ція (revoljúcija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: ռեւոլյուցիա (ṙewolyucʻia)
→ Ingrian: revolutsia
→ Kazakh: революция (revolüsiä)
→ Kyrgyz: революция (revolyutsiya)

Borrowed from French révolution. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian rewolucyjŏ.

ref

“REWOLUCYJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 24.03.2019

(politics) revolution (removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action)

revolution (sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving)

rewolucje żołądkowe

(colloquial) intense, unpleasant process inside the human body

(colloquial) revolution (any large change)

(obsolete, astronomy, of celestial bodies) revolution (traversal of one body along an orbit around another body)


allelopatia

allelopatia (nominative singular)
allelopatii (genitive singular)
allelopatii (dative singular)
allelopatię (accusative singular)
allelopatią (instrumental singular)
allelopatii (locative singular)
allelopatio (singular vocative)

From allel + -o- + -patia. First attested in 1938.

Czas : dziennik poświęcony polityce krajowej i zagranicznej oraz wiadomościom literackim, rolniczym i przemysłowym (in Polish), number R.91, nr 127, 1938, page 9

allelopatia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

zjawisko allelopatii


mirra

mirra (nominative singular)
mirry (genitive singular)
mirze (dative singular)
mirrę (accusative singular)
mirrą (instrumental singular)
mirze (locative singular)
mirro (singular vocative)

Commiphora myrrha
Commiphora myrrha#Translingual

myrrh (red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense, or medicine)


fitopatologia

fitopatologia (nominative singular)
fitopatologii (genitive singular)
fitopatologii (dative singular)
fitopatologię (accusative singular)
fitopatologią (instrumental singular)
fitopatologii (locative singular)
fitopatologio (singular vocative)


agrometeorologia

agrometeorologia (nominative singular)
agrometeorologii (genitive singular)
agrometeorologii (dative singular)
agrometeorologię (accusative singular)
agrometeorologią (instrumental singular)
agrometeorologii (locative singular)
agrometeorologio (singular vocative)

From agro- + meteorologia. First attested in 1926, but in common usage only as of 1951.


fenologia

fenologia (nominative singular)
fenologii (genitive singular)
fenologii (dative singular)
fenologię (accusative singular)
fenologią (instrumental singular)
fenologii (locative singular)
fenologio (singular vocative)


kra

kra (nominative singular)
kry (nominative plural)
kry (genitive singular)
kier (genitive plural)
krze (dative singular)
krom (dative plural)
krę (accusative singular)
kry (accusative plural)
krą (instrumental singular)
krami (instrumental plural)
krze (locative singular)
krach (locative plural)
kro (singular vocative)
kry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьkra. Doublet of ikra.


apteka

apteka (nominative singular)
apteki (nominative plural)
apteki (genitive singular)
aptek (genitive plural)
aptece (dative singular)
aptekom (dative plural)
aptekę (accusative singular)
apteki (accusative plural)
apteką (instrumental singular)
aptekami (instrumental plural)
aptece (locative singular)
aptekach (locative plural)
apteko (singular vocative)
apteki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аптэ́ка (aptéka)

→ Kashubian: aptéka

→ Russian: апте́ка (aptéka) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: апте́ка (aptéka)

Inherited from Old Polish apoteka. Doublet of butik.

(pharmacy) pharmacy (place where prescription drugs are dispensed)

(Middle Polish) book of prescriptions and treatments

Tata kupił wczoraj leki w aptece.

Dad bought medicine yesterday at the pharmacy

(obsolete, humorous) outhouse (outbuilding containing a toilet)


antologia

antologia (nominative singular)
antologie (nominative plural)
antologii (genitive singular)
antologii (genitive plural)
antologij (archaic genitive plural)
antologii (dative singular)
antologiom (dative plural)
antologię (accusative singular)
antologie (accusative plural)
antologią (instrumental singular)
antologiami (instrumental plural)
antologii (locative singular)
antologiach (locative plural)
antologio (singular vocative)
antologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin anthologia, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología).

lbor

(literature) anthology (a collection of literary works)


kry

inflection of kra:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


krew

krew (nominative singular)
krwi (genitive singular)
krwi (dative singular)
krew (accusative singular)
krwią (instrumental singular)
krwi (locative singular)
krwi (singular vocative)

blood (vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen)

blood (temper of mind; disposition; mood)

(Middle Polish) blood; Further details are uncertain.


elipsa

elipsa (nominative singular)
elipsy (nominative plural)
elipsy (genitive singular)
elips (genitive plural)
elipsie (dative singular)
elipsom (dative plural)
elipsę (accusative singular)
elipsy (accusative plural)
elipsą (instrumental singular)
elipsami (instrumental plural)
elipsie (locative singular)
elipsach (locative plural)
elipso (singular vocative)
elipsy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ellīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).

(rhetoric) ellipsis (omission of word or phrase)


kijanka

kijanka (nominative singular)
kijanki (nominative plural)
kijanki (genitive singular)
kijanek (genitive plural)
kijance (dative singular)
kijankom (dative plural)
kijankę (accusative singular)
kijanki (accusative plural)
kijanką (instrumental singular)
kijankami (instrumental plural)
kijance (locative singular)
kijankach (locative plural)
kijanko (singular vocative)
kijanki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: кія́нка (kijánka)

→ Czech: kyjanka

→ Russian: кия́нка (kijánka)

→ Slovak: kyjanka, kijanka

→ Ukrainian: кия́нка (kyjánka)

Inherited from Old Polish kijanka, from kijania, kijań. By surface analysis, kij + -an + -ka.

tadpole, polliwog, porriwiggle (toad or frog larva)

batlet (tool sometimes used to beat flax but especially as a battledore to wash laundry)


skała

skałka (diminutive)
skała (nominative singular)
skały (nominative plural)
skały (genitive singular)
skał (genitive plural)
skale (dative singular)
skałom (dative plural)
skałę (accusative singular)
skały (accusative plural)
skałą (instrumental singular)
skałami (instrumental plural)
skale (locative singular)
skałach (locative plural)
skało (singular vocative)
skały (plural vocative)


steganografia

steganografia (nominative singular)
steganografii (genitive singular)
steganografii (dative singular)
steganografię (accusative singular)
steganografią (instrumental singular)
steganografii (locative singular)
steganografio (singular vocative)


schizofrenia

schizofrenia (nominative singular)
schizofrenii (genitive singular)
schizofrenii (dative singular)
schizofrenię (accusative singular)
schizofrenią (instrumental singular)
schizofrenii (locative singular)
schizofrenio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English schizophrenia, French schizophrénie, German Schizophrenie, ultimately from New Latin schizophrenia, from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō) + φρήν (phrḗn).

(pathology, psychiatry) schizophrenia (mental disorder)

(derogatory, figurative) blatant contradiction between one's declarations and views, and their actual behavior or the actual state of phenomena


mać

matka (diminutive)
mać (nominative singular)
maci (nominative plural)
macie (nominative plural)
maci (genitive singular)
maci (genitive plural)
maci (dative singular)
maciom (dative plural)
mać (accusative singular)
maci (accusative plural)
macie (accusative plural)
macią (instrumental singular)
maciami (instrumental plural)
maci (locative singular)
maciach (locative plural)
maci (singular vocative)
maci (plural vocative)
macie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mać. Doublet of macierz, maciora, matka, and mutra.


dominanta

dominanta (nominative singular)
dominanty (nominative plural)
dominanty (genitive singular)
dominant (genitive plural)
dominancie (dative singular)
dominantom (dative plural)
dominantę (accusative singular)
dominanty (accusative plural)
dominantą (instrumental singular)
dominantami (instrumental plural)
dominancie (locative singular)
dominantach (locative plural)
dominanto (singular vocative)
dominanty (plural vocative)


pedofilia

pedofilia (nominative singular)
pedofilii (genitive singular)
pedofilii (dative singular)
pedofilię (accusative singular)
pedofilią (instrumental singular)
pedofilii (locative singular)
pedofilio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English pedophilia, French pédophilie, German Pädophilie, ultimately from Ancient Greek παιδοφιλία (paidophilía).

pedophilia (sexual attraction by adults and adolescents to children, specifically prepubescent children)


miopia

miopia (nominative singular)
miopii (genitive singular)
miopii (dative singular)
miopię (accusative singular)
miopią (instrumental singular)
miopii (locative singular)
miopio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μυωπία (muōpía).


paka

paka (nominative singular)
paki (nominative plural)
paki (genitive singular)
pak (genitive plural)
pace (dative singular)
pakom (dative plural)
pakę (accusative singular)
paki (accusative plural)
paką (instrumental singular)
pakami (instrumental plural)
pace (locative singular)
pakach (locative plural)
pako (singular vocative)
paki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Pack, from Low German pack, from Middle Low German pak, from Old Saxon *pakko, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô.

(colloquial) semi-trailer (trailer without a front axle)


paka

Borrowed from Spanish paca, from Guaraní paka.

paca (any rodent of the genus Cuniculus)


Aneta

Aneta (nominative singular)
Anety (nominative plural)
Anety (genitive singular)
Anet (genitive plural)
Anecie (dative singular)
Anetom (dative plural)
Anetę (accusative singular)
Anety (accusative plural)
Anetą (instrumental singular)
Anetami (instrumental plural)
Anecie (locative singular)
Anetach (locative plural)
Aneto (singular vocative)
Anety (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Annette


trucizna

trucizna (nominative singular)
trucizny (nominative plural)
trucizny (genitive singular)
trucizn (genitive plural)
truciźnie (dative singular)
truciznom (dative plural)
truciznę (accusative singular)
trucizny (accusative plural)
trucizną (instrumental singular)
truciznami (instrumental plural)
truciźnie (locative singular)
truciznach (locative plural)
trucizno (singular vocative)
trucizny (plural vocative)

poison (substance harmful to a living organism)


aborcja

aborcja (nominative singular)
aborcje (nominative plural)
aborcji (genitive singular)
aborcji (genitive plural)
aborcyj (archaic genitive plural)
aborcji (dative singular)
aborcjom (dative plural)
aborcję (accusative singular)
aborcje (accusative plural)
aborcją (instrumental singular)
aborcjami (instrumental plural)
aborcji (locative singular)
aborcjach (locative plural)
aborcjo (singular vocative)
aborcje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English abortion. First attested in 1879.

ref

Gazeta Warszawska, number R. 106, nr 2, 1879, page 1

Coordinate term: poronienie

(medicine) abortion (the expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus)


Mołdawia

Mołdawia (nominative singular)
Mołdawii (genitive singular)
Mołdawii (dative singular)
Mołdawię (accusative singular)
Mołdawią (instrumental singular)
Mołdawii (locative singular)
Mołdawio (singular vocative)


Rosja

Rosja (nominative singular)
Rosje (nominative plural)
Rosji (genitive singular)
Rosji (genitive plural)
Rosyj (archaic genitive plural)
Rosji (dative singular)
Rosjom (dative plural)
Rosję (accusative singular)
Rosje (accusative plural)
Rosją (instrumental singular)
Rosjami (instrumental plural)
Rosji (locative singular)
Rosjach (locative plural)
Rosjo (singular vocative)
Rosje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωσία (Rhōsía), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ), possibly from Finnish Ruotsi (“Sweden”), from Old Norse Róðrsland (“the land of rowing”), older name of Roslagen, where the Finns and Swedes first met.

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


dziura

dziurka (diminutive)
dziura (nominative singular)
dziury (nominative plural)
dziury (genitive singular)
dziur (genitive plural)
dziurze (dative singular)
dziurom (dative plural)
dziurę (accusative singular)
dziury (accusative plural)
dziurą (instrumental singular)
dziurami (instrumental plural)
dziurze (locative singular)
dziurach (locative plural)
dziuro (singular vocative)
dziury (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) backwater (place that is impoverished and perceived as far from civilization)


wieś

pl-noun

wieś f (diminutive wioska, augmentative wiocha, related adjective wiejski or (obsolete) wsiowy or (obsolete) wieśny or (rare) wsiański, abbreviation w.)

wioska (diminutive)
wiocha (augmentative)
wiejski (adjective)
wsiowy (adjective obsolete)
wieśny (adjective obsolete)
wsiański (adjective rare)
w. (abbreviation)
wieś (nominative singular)
wsie (nominative plural)
wsi (nominative plural)
wsi (genitive singular)
wsi (genitive plural)
wsi (dative singular)
wsiom (dative plural)
wieś (accusative singular)
wsie (accusative plural)
wsi (accusative plural)
wsią (instrumental singular)
wsiami (instrumental plural)
wsi (locative singular)
wsiach (locative plural)
wsi (singular vocative)
wsie (plural vocative)
wsi (plural vocative)

countryside (country, rural area, as opposed to the town or city)

(demonym) village (residents of such a place)


Matylda

Matylda (nominative singular)
Matyldy (nominative plural)
Matyldy (genitive singular)
Matyld (genitive plural)
Matyldzie (dative singular)
Matyldom (dative plural)
Matyldę (accusative singular)
Matyldy (accusative plural)
Matyldą (instrumental singular)
Matyldami (instrumental plural)
Matyldzie (locative singular)
Matyldach (locative plural)
Matyldo (singular vocative)
Matyldy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old French Mathilde, from Old High German maht, meht + hild, hilta.

a female given name, equivalent to English Matilda


kwota

kwota f (diminutive kwotka, related adjective kwotowy)

kwotka (diminutive)
kwotowy (adjective)
kwota (nominative singular)
kwoty (nominative plural)
kwoty (genitive singular)
kwot (genitive plural)
kwocie (dative singular)
kwotom (dative plural)
kwotę (accusative singular)
kwoty (accusative plural)
kwotą (instrumental singular)
kwotami (instrumental plural)
kwocie (locative singular)
kwotach (locative plural)
kwoto (singular vocative)
kwoty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin quota.

lbor

amount, sum, figure (certain amount of money)

(economics) quota (limit set by state or international institutions on the production of or trade in specific goods)

(archaic) amount, number (total or sum of items)


Stela

Stela (nominative singular)
Stele (nominative plural)
Steli (genitive singular)
Stel (genitive plural)
Steli (dative singular)
Stelom (dative plural)
Stelę (accusative singular)
Stele (accusative plural)
Stelą (instrumental singular)
Stelami (instrumental plural)
Steli (locative singular)
Stelach (locative plural)
Stelo (singular vocative)
Stele (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Stēlla. Doublet of aster and Stella.

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Stella