furia

furia (nominative singular)
furie (nominative plural)
furii (genitive singular)
furii (genitive plural)
furyj (archaic genitive plural)
furii (dative singular)
furiom (dative plural)
furię (accusative singular)
furie (accusative plural)
furią (instrumental singular)
furiami (instrumental plural)
furii (locative singular)
furiach (locative plural)
furio (singular vocative)
furie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin furia. Doublet of burza.


Miranda

Miranda (nominative singular)
Mirandy (nominative plural)
Mirandy (genitive singular)
Mirand (genitive plural)
Mirandzie (dative singular)
Mirandom (dative plural)
Mirandę (accusative singular)
Mirandy (accusative plural)
Mirandą (instrumental singular)
Mirandami (instrumental plural)
Mirandzie (locative singular)
Mirandach (locative plural)
Mirando (singular vocative)
Mirandy (plural vocative)

(astronomy) Miranda (one of the moons of Uranus)


willa

willa (nominative singular)
wille (nominative plural)
willi (genitive singular)
will (genitive plural)
willi (genitive plural)
willi (dative singular)
willom (dative plural)
willę (accusative singular)
wille (accusative plural)
willą (instrumental singular)
willami (instrumental plural)
willi (locative singular)
willach (locative plural)
willo (singular vocative)
wille (plural vocative)

dwupiętrowa willa

Mieszkał bardzo wygodnie, mając do dyspozycji całe piętro położonej w ogrodzie willi.

He lived very comfortably, having a whole floor of a villa located in the garden.

(architecture) villa (elegant single-family detached house, surrounded by a garden)

(archaic, architecture) country house, villa (weekend and holiday residence, located outside of urban areas, used as a retreat from city life)


belladonna

belladonna (nominative singular)
belladonny (nominative plural)
belladonny (genitive singular)
belladonn (genitive plural)
belladonnie (dative singular)
belladonnom (dative plural)
belladonnę (accusative singular)
belladonny (accusative plural)
belladonną (instrumental singular)
belladonnami (instrumental plural)
belladonnie (locative singular)
belladonnach (locative plural)
belladonno (singular vocative)
belladonny (plural vocative)

(literary) Alternative form of belladona


spisa

spisa (nominative singular)
spisy (nominative plural)
spisy (genitive singular)
spis (genitive plural)
spisie (dative singular)
spisom (dative plural)
spisę (accusative singular)
spisy (accusative plural)
spisą (instrumental singular)
spisami (instrumental plural)
spisie (locative singular)
spisach (locative plural)
spiso (singular vocative)
spisy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Spieß, from Middle High German spiez, from Old High German spioz.


semolina

semolina (nominative singular)
semoliny (genitive singular)
semolinie (dative singular)
semolinę (accusative singular)
semoliną (instrumental singular)
semolinie (locative singular)
semolino (singular vocative)

semolina (hard grains of flour left after milling)


stracciatella

stracciatella (nominative singular)
stracciatelle (nominative plural)
stracciatelli (genitive singular)
stracciatelli (genitive plural)
stracciatelli (dative singular)
stracciatellom (dative plural)
stracciatellę (accusative singular)
stracciatelle (accusative plural)
stracciatellą (instrumental singular)
stracciatellami (instrumental plural)
stracciatelli (locative singular)
stracciatellach (locative plural)
stracciatello (singular vocative)
stracciatelle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian stracciatella, from stracciare (“to rip, to tear up”), of ultimate Latin origin.

ubor

stracciatella (Italian soup made from a mixture of cheese and egg in a broth)

stracciatella (Italian ice cream with chocolate shavings)


Wassermann

Unadapted borrowing from German Wassermann.


granica

graniczny (adjective)
granica (nominative singular)
granice (nominative plural)
granicy (genitive singular)
granic (genitive plural)
granicy (dative singular)
granicom (dative plural)
granicę (accusative singular)
granice (accusative plural)
granicą (instrumental singular)
granicami (instrumental plural)
granicy (locative singular)
granicach (locative plural)
granico (singular vocative)
granice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish granica. By surface analysis, grań + -ica.

+obj

border (line separating two regions) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what’]

edge, limit (bound beyond which one may not go) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what’]

limit (moment or situation that defines what is acceptable)

limit (dividing line or factors that differentiate something)

(mathematics) limit (value to which a sequence converges)

(obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


Madonna

Madonna (nominative singular)
Madonny (nominative plural)
Madonny (genitive singular)
Madonn (genitive plural)
Madonnie (dative singular)
Madonnom (dative plural)
Madonnę (accusative singular)
Madonny (accusative plural)
Madonną (instrumental singular)
Madonnami (instrumental plural)
Madonnie (locative singular)
Madonnach (locative plural)
Madonno (singular vocative)
Madonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Madonna, from Latin mea domina.

(art, Christianity) artistic depiction of Mary with the infant Jesus


lina

pl-noun

lina f (diminutive linka, related adjective linowy)

linka (diminutive)
linowy (adjective)
lina (nominative singular)
liny (nominative plural)
liny (genitive singular)
lin (genitive plural)
linie (dative singular)
linom (dative plural)
linę (accusative singular)
liny (accusative plural)
liną (instrumental singular)
linami (instrumental plural)
linie (locative singular)
linach (locative plural)
lino (singular vocative)
liny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German līne. Doublet of len.

line, rope, cord, string, twine (hick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line)


mila

mila (nominative singular)
mile (nominative plural)
mili (genitive singular)
mil (genitive plural)
mili (dative singular)
milom (dative plural)
milę (accusative singular)
mile (accusative plural)
milą (instrumental singular)
milami (instrumental plural)
mili (locative singular)
milach (locative plural)
milo (singular vocative)
mile (plural vocative)


Włoch

Several possible etymologies:
* from Włoch (“Italian person”);
* a truncation of personal names beginning with Wło- (e.g. Włodzimierz) + -ch;
* an augmentative of włos (“hair”) (compare włochacz, włochaty).


anomalia

anomalia (nominative singular)
anomalie (nominative plural)
anomalii (genitive singular)
anomalii (genitive plural)
anomalij (archaic genitive plural)
anomalii (dative singular)
anomaliom (dative plural)
anomalię (accusative singular)
anomalie (accusative plural)
anomalią (instrumental singular)
anomaliami (instrumental plural)
anomalii (locative singular)
anomaliach (locative plural)
anomalio (singular vocative)
anomalie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin anōmalia, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía).

anomaly (a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal)


caffè latte

Unadapted borrowing from Italian caffè latte.

ubor

caffè latte (espresso coffee with steamed milk)


panna cotta

panna cotta (nominative singular)
panna cotty (nominative plural)
panna cotty (genitive singular)
panna cott (genitive plural)
panna cotcie (dative singular)
panna cottom (dative plural)
panna cottę (accusative singular)
panna cotty (accusative plural)
panna cottą (instrumental singular)
panna cottami (instrumental plural)
panna cotcie (locative singular)
panna cottach (locative plural)
panna cotto (singular vocative)
panna cotty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian panna cotta.


wola

wola (nominative singular)
wole (nominative plural)
woli (genitive singular)
woli (genitive plural)
wól (genitive plural)
woli (dative singular)
wolom (dative plural)
wolę (accusative singular)
wole (accusative plural)
wolą (instrumental singular)
wolami (instrumental plural)
woli (locative singular)
wolach (locative plural)
wolo (singular vocative)
wole (plural vocative)


ricotta

ricotta (nominative singular)
ricotty (nominative plural)
ricotty (genitive singular)
ricott (genitive plural)
ricotcie (dative singular)
ricottom (dative plural)
ricottę (accusative singular)
ricotty (accusative plural)
ricottą (instrumental singular)
ricottami (instrumental plural)
ricotcie (locative singular)
ricottach (locative plural)
ricotto (singular vocative)
ricotty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian ricotta.

ricotta (soft Italian unsalted whey cheese resembling cottage cheese)


gorgonzola

gorgonzola (nominative singular)
gorgonzole (nominative plural)
gorgonzoli (genitive singular)
gorgonzoli (genitive plural)
gorgonzoli (dative singular)
gorgonzolom (dative plural)
gorgonzolę (accusative singular)
gorgonzole (accusative plural)
gorgonzolą (instrumental singular)
gorgonzolami (instrumental plural)
gorgonzoli (locative singular)
gorgonzolach (locative plural)
gorgonzolo (singular vocative)
gorgonzole (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian gorgonzola.

gorgonzola (blue-veined Italian cheese, made from cow's milk)


Pamela

Pamela (nominative singular)
Pamele (nominative plural)
Pameli (genitive singular)
Pamel (genitive plural)
Pameli (dative singular)
Pamelom (dative plural)
Pamelę (accusative singular)
Pamele (accusative plural)
Pamelą (instrumental singular)
Pamelami (instrumental plural)
Pameli (locative singular)
Pamelach (locative plural)
Pamelo (singular vocative)
Pamele (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Pamela


waga

wagowy (adjective)
waga (nominative singular)
wagi (nominative plural)
wagi (genitive singular)
wag (genitive plural)
wadze (dative singular)
wagom (dative plural)
wagę (accusative singular)
wagi (accusative plural)
wagą (instrumental singular)
wagami (instrumental plural)
wadze (locative singular)
wagach (locative plural)
wago (singular vocative)
wagi (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: wôga

→ Russian: ва́га (vága)

→ Slovincian: wogha

→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)

→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)

scale (device to measure mass or weight)

weighing (act of determing the weight of something with such a device)

weight (force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation)

(gymnastics) balance (gymnastic exercise that involves taking a static position with one arm or leg resting on the ground)

(obsolete, hunting) place towards which game is drawn

(obsolete, boxing, wrestling) weightlifting

(obsolete, trading) official right to control weighing of products intended for trade

(obsolete) place where weighing of products is carried out

(obsolete) unit (that by which a measurement of weight is counted)

(obsolete) weight (object used to make something heavier)


fiala

fiala (nominative singular)
fiale (nominative plural)
fiali (genitive singular)
fial (genitive plural)
fiali (dative singular)
fialom (dative plural)
fialę (accusative singular)
fiale (accusative plural)
fialą (instrumental singular)
fialami (instrumental plural)
fiali (locative singular)
fialach (locative plural)
fialo (singular vocative)
fiale (plural vocative)


rufa

rufa (nominative singular)
rufy (nominative plural)
rufy (genitive singular)
ruf (genitive plural)
rufie (dative singular)
rufom (dative plural)
rufę (accusative singular)
rufy (accusative plural)
rufą (instrumental singular)
rufami (instrumental plural)
rufie (locative singular)
rufach (locative plural)
rufo (singular vocative)
rufy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch roef (“cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-, *ḱrapo- (“roof”).

bor+

stern (the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel)


Kenia

Kenia (nominative singular)
Kenii (genitive singular)
Kenii (dative singular)
Kenię (accusative singular)
Kenią (instrumental singular)
Kenii (locative singular)
Kenio (singular vocative)


Filip

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Φίλιππος (Phílippos).


taca

tacka (diminutive)
taca (nominative singular)
tace (nominative plural)
tacy (genitive singular)
tac (genitive plural)
tacy (dative singular)
tacom (dative plural)
tacę (accusative singular)
tace (accusative plural)
tacą (instrumental singular)
tacami (instrumental plural)
tacy (locative singular)
tacach (locative plural)
taco (singular vocative)
tace (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: טאַץ (tats)

Borrowed from German Tasse, from French tasse, from Arabic طَاس (ṭās) (a shortening of طَسْت (ṭast)), from Middle Persian tšt' (tašt), ultimately from the past participle of the Proto-Iranian verb *taš- (“to make, construct; to cut”).

na srebrnej tacy

collection plate (a plate for collecting offerings during a religious service)

Dzisiejsza taca zostanie przeznaczona na remont kościoła.

Today's offering will be used for the renovation of the church.

(figuratively) offering (a contribution given at a religious service)


mewa

mewa (nominative singular)
mewy (nominative plural)
mewy (genitive singular)
mew (genitive plural)
mewie (dative singular)
mewom (dative plural)
mewę (accusative singular)
mewy (accusative plural)
mewą (instrumental singular)
mewami (instrumental plural)
mewie (locative singular)
mewach (locative plural)
mewo (singular vocative)
mewy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: мэ́ва (méva)

→ Esperanto: mevo

→ Ukrainian: ме́ва (méva)


żona

pl-noun

żona f (diminutive żonka or żoncia or żonusia, augmentative żonisko, related adjective żonin or żoniny)

żonka (diminutive)
żoncia (diminutive)
żonusia (diminutive)
żonisko (augmentative)
żonin (adjective)
żoniny (adjective)
żona (nominative singular)
żony (nominative plural)
żony (genitive singular)
żon (genitive plural)
żonie (dative singular)
żonom (dative plural)
żonę (accusative singular)
żony (accusative plural)
żoną (instrumental singular)
żonami (instrumental plural)
żonie (locative singular)
żonach (locative plural)
żono (singular vocative)
żony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish żona. Sense 2 was displaced by kobieta. Cognate with English queen and gyno-.

Coordinate term: mąż

Coordinate term: mężczyzna


hostia

hostia (nominative singular)
hostie (nominative plural)
hostii (genitive singular)
hostii (genitive plural)
hostyj (archaic genitive plural)
hostii (dative singular)
hostiom (dative plural)
hostię (accusative singular)
hostie (accusative plural)
hostią (instrumental singular)
hostiami (instrumental plural)
hostii (locative singular)
hostiach (locative plural)
hostio (singular vocative)
hostie (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: wino mszalne

(Roman Catholicism) sacramental bread, communion bread, communion wafer, Eucharist, host (bread used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist; before the consecration)


-ota

-ota (nominative singular)
-oty (nominative plural)
-oty (genitive singular)
-ot (genitive plural)
-ocie (dative singular)
-otom (dative plural)
-otę (accusative singular)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otą (instrumental singular)
-otami (instrumental plural)
-ocie (locative singular)
-otach (locative plural)
-oto (singular vocative)
-oty (plural vocative)

ciemny (“dark”) + -ota → ciemnota (“darkness”)

noun suffix, typically abstract concepts


Judea

judejski (adjective)
Judea (nominative singular)
Judei (genitive singular)
Judei (dative singular)
Judeę (accusative singular)
Judeą (instrumental singular)
Judei (locative singular)
Judeo (singular vocative)

Judea (a historical region in Palestine)


celta

celta (nominative singular)
celty (nominative plural)
celty (genitive singular)
celt (genitive plural)
celcie (dative singular)
celtom (dative plural)
celtę (accusative singular)
celty (accusative plural)
celtą (instrumental singular)
celtami (instrumental plural)
celcie (locative singular)
celtach (locative plural)
celto (singular vocative)
celty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zelt. Compare Silesian celt.


latimeria

latimeria (nominative singular)
latimerie (nominative plural)
latimerii (genitive singular)
latimerii (genitive plural)
latimeryj (archaic genitive plural)
latimerii (dative singular)
latimeriom (dative plural)
latimerię (accusative singular)
latimerie (accusative plural)
latimerią (instrumental singular)
latimeriami (instrumental plural)
latimerii (locative singular)
latimeriach (locative plural)
latimerio (singular vocative)
latimerie (plural vocative)

Named after South African museum official Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer + -ia.


kandela

kandela (nominative singular)
kandele (nominative plural)
kandeli (genitive singular)
kandeli (genitive plural)
kandeli (dative singular)
kandelom (dative plural)
kandelę (accusative singular)
kandele (accusative plural)
kandelą (instrumental singular)
kandelami (instrumental plural)
kandeli (locative singular)
kandelach (locative plural)
kandelo (singular vocative)
kandele (plural vocative)


astma

astma (nominative singular)
astmy (genitive singular)
astmie (dative singular)
astmę (accusative singular)
astmą (instrumental singular)
astmie (locative singular)
astmo (singular vocative)

Probably a learned borrowing from Latin asthma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma).


Schmidt

Unadapted borrowing from German Schmidt.


locha

loszka (diminutive)
locha (nominative singular)
lochy (nominative plural)
lochy (genitive singular)
loch (genitive plural)
losze (dative singular)
lochom (dative plural)
lochę (accusative singular)
lochy (accusative plural)
lochą (instrumental singular)
lochami (instrumental plural)
losze (locative singular)
lochach (locative plural)
locho (singular vocative)
lochy (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: льо́ха (lʹóxa)

→ Yiddish: ליאָכע (lyokhe)

Uncertain. Possibly akin to dialectal Czech lachna, lochna (“obese woman”), dialectal Slovak lacha (“wretched woman”) and dialectal Russian ло́ха (lóxa, “stupid woman”). Less likely borrowed from German Lose (“sow”).


ideologia

ideologia (nominative singular)
ideologie (nominative plural)
ideologii (genitive singular)
ideologii (genitive plural)
ideologij (archaic genitive plural)
ideologii (dative singular)
ideologiom (dative plural)
ideologię (accusative singular)
ideologie (accusative plural)
ideologią (instrumental singular)
ideologiami (instrumental plural)
ideologii (locative singular)
ideologiach (locative plural)
ideologio (singular vocative)
ideologie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French idéologie. By surface analysis, idea + -o- + -logia.


riposta

riposta (nominative singular)
riposty (nominative plural)
riposty (genitive singular)
ripost (genitive plural)
ripoście (dative singular)
ripostom (dative plural)
ripostę (accusative singular)
riposty (accusative plural)
ripostą (instrumental singular)
ripostami (instrumental plural)
ripoście (locative singular)
ripostach (locative plural)
riposto (singular vocative)
riposty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French riposte, from Italian risposta.


brama

bramka (diminutive)
brama (nominative singular)
bramy (nominative plural)
bramy (genitive singular)
bram (genitive plural)
bramie (dative singular)
bramom (dative plural)
bramę (accusative singular)
bramy (accusative plural)
bramą (instrumental singular)
bramami (instrumental plural)
bramie (locative singular)
bramach (locative plural)
bramo (singular vocative)
bramy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)

→ Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)

Borrowed from Old Czech brána, from Proto-Slavic *borna. Doublet of brona (“harrow”).


membrana

membrana (nominative singular)
membrany (nominative plural)
membrany (genitive singular)
membran (genitive plural)
membranie (dative singular)
membranom (dative plural)
membranę (accusative singular)
membrany (accusative plural)
membraną (instrumental singular)
membranami (instrumental plural)
membranie (locative singular)
membranach (locative plural)
membrano (singular vocative)
membrany (plural vocative)

(mechanics) membrane (mechanical part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force)

(heteropteran anatomy) membrane (enclosing or separating tissue)

(acoustics) diaphragm (vibrating membrane in a speaker)


samosa

samosa (nominative singular)
samosy (nominative plural)
samosy (genitive singular)
samos (genitive plural)
samosie (dative singular)
samosom (dative plural)
samosę (accusative singular)
samosy (accusative plural)
samosą (instrumental singular)
samosami (instrumental plural)
samosie (locative singular)
samosach (locative plural)
samoso (singular vocative)
samosy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hindi समोसा (samosā), from Classical Persian سنبوسه (sanbōsa), from Middle Persian *sambōsag.


Hanna

Hania (diminutive)
Hanka (diminutive)
Hanna (nominative singular)
Hanny (nominative plural)
Hanny (genitive singular)
Hann (genitive plural)
Hannie (dative singular)
Hannom (dative plural)
Hannę (accusative singular)
Hanny (accusative plural)
Hanną (instrumental singular)
Hannami (instrumental plural)
Hannie (locative singular)
Hannach (locative plural)
Hanno (singular vocative)
Hanny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Anna, from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna), from Hebrew חַנָּה (ḥannâ). Doublet of Anna.

a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek, in turn from Hebrew], equivalent to English Hannah


Hanna

Hanna (nominative singular)
Hanny (genitive singular)
Hannie (dative singular)
Hannę (accusative singular)
Hanną (instrumental singular)
Hannie (locative singular)
Hanno (singular vocative)

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship#English

Hanna (a village in the Gmina of Hanna, Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)


mira

mira (nominative singular)
miry (genitive singular)
mirze (dative singular)
mirę (accusative singular)
mirą (instrumental singular)
mirze (locative singular)
miro (singular vocative)


mira

mira (nominative singular)
miry (nominative plural)
miry (genitive singular)
mir (genitive plural)
mirze (dative singular)
mirom (dative plural)
mirę (accusative singular)
miry (accusative plural)
mirą (instrumental singular)
mirami (instrumental plural)
mirze (locative singular)
mirach (locative plural)
miro (singular vocative)
miry (plural vocative)

(astronomy, geodesy) reference point for azimuth measurements


ferma

ferma (nominative singular)
fermy (nominative plural)
fermy (genitive singular)
ferm (genitive plural)
fermie (dative singular)
fermom (dative plural)
fermę (accusative singular)
fermy (accusative plural)
fermą (instrumental singular)
fermami (instrumental plural)
fermie (locative singular)
fermach (locative plural)
fermo (singular vocative)
fermy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ferme. Doublet of farma.

(agriculture) farm (farm that raises small animals, such as chickens or rabbits)


Szkocja

szkocki (adjective)
Szkocja (nominative singular)
Szkocji (genitive singular)
Szkocji (dative singular)
Szkocję (accusative singular)
Szkocją (instrumental singular)
Szkocji (locative singular)
Szkocjo (singular vocative)

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Szwecja

Szwecja (nominative singular)
Szwecji (genitive singular)
Szwecji (dative singular)
Szwecję (accusative singular)
Szwecją (instrumental singular)
Szwecji (locative singular)
Szwecjo (singular vocative)


Wielka Brytania

Wielka Brytania (nominative singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (genitive singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (dative singular)
Wielką Brytanię (accusative singular)
Wielką Brytanią (instrumental singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (locative singular)
Wielka Brytanio (singular vocative)

Great Britain (an island and country in Western Europe)


Szwajcaria

pl-prop

Szwajcaria f (related adjective szwajcarski)

szwajcarski (adjective)
Szwajcaria (nominative singular)
Szwajcarii (genitive singular)
Szwajcarii (dative singular)
Szwajcarię (accusative singular)
Szwajcarią (instrumental singular)
Szwajcarii (locative singular)
Szwajcario (singular vocative)

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Hiszpania

Hiszpania f (related adjective hiszpański)

hiszpański (adjective)
Hiszpania (nominative singular)
Hiszpanii (genitive singular)
Hiszpanii (dative singular)
Hiszpanię (accusative singular)
Hiszpanią (instrumental singular)
Hiszpanii (locative singular)
Hiszpanio (singular vocative)


Portugalia

Portugalia (nominative singular)
Portugalii (genitive singular)
Portugalii (dative singular)
Portugalię (accusative singular)
Portugalią (instrumental singular)
Portugalii (locative singular)
Portugalio (singular vocative)


Irlandia

Irlandia (nominative singular)
Irlandie (nominative plural)
Irlandii (genitive singular)
Irlandii (genitive plural)
Irlandii (dative singular)
Irlandiom (dative plural)
Irlandię (accusative singular)
Irlandie (accusative plural)
Irlandią (instrumental singular)
Irlandiami (instrumental plural)
Irlandii (locative singular)
Irlandiach (locative plural)
Irlandio (singular vocative)
Irlandie (plural vocative)


Grecja

Grecja (nominative singular)
Grecje (nominative plural)
Grecji (genitive singular)
Grecji (genitive plural)
Grecyj (archaic genitive plural)
Grecji (dative singular)
Grecjom (dative plural)
Grecję (accusative singular)
Grecje (accusative plural)
Grecją (instrumental singular)
Grecjami (instrumental plural)
Grecji (locative singular)
Grecjach (locative plural)
Grecjo (singular vocative)
Grecje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós), of uncertain origin.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Holandia

Holandia (nominative singular)
Holandii (genitive singular)
Holandii (dative singular)
Holandię (accusative singular)
Holandią (instrumental singular)
Holandii (locative singular)
Holandio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch Holland, from Old Dutch holt lant.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Królestwo Niderlandów
Królestwo Niderlandów#English

(occasionally proscribed) Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten; official name: Królestwo Niderlandów)

(occasionally proscribed) Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)


SEM

siła elektromotoryczna
siła elektromotoryczna#Polish

(physics) Initialism of siła elektromotoryczna (“electromotive force”).


Norwegia

Norwegia (nominative singular)
Norwegii (genitive singular)
Norwegii (dative singular)
Norwegię (accusative singular)
Norwegią (instrumental singular)
Norwegii (locative singular)
Norwegio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Norwegia, Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”), from norðr (“north”) + vegr (“way”).


Dania

Dania (nominative singular)
Danii (genitive singular)
Danii (dative singular)
Danię (accusative singular)
Danią (instrumental singular)
Danii (locative singular)
Danio (singular vocative)

desc

→ Russian: Дания (Danija), Да́нія (Dánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Dānia.


Kinga

Kinga (nominative singular)
Kingi (nominative plural)
Kingi (genitive singular)
King (genitive plural)
Kindze (dative singular)
Kingom (dative plural)
Kingę (accusative singular)
Kingi (accusative plural)
Kingą (instrumental singular)
Kingami (instrumental plural)
Kindze (locative singular)
Kingach (locative plural)
Kingo (singular vocative)
Kingi (plural vocative)


Lidia

Lidia (nominative singular)
Lidie (nominative plural)
Lidii (genitive singular)
Lidii (genitive plural)
Lidyj (archaic genitive plural)
Lidii (dative singular)
Lidiom (dative plural)
Lidię (accusative singular)
Lidie (accusative plural)
Lidią (instrumental singular)
Lidiami (instrumental plural)
Lidii (locative singular)
Lidiach (locative plural)
Lidio (singular vocative)
Lidie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Lȳdia, from Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía), from Λυδός (Ludós), from Lydian *luwdja.

a female given name, equivalent to English Lydia

(Christianity) Lydia (biblical character)


Rumunia

Rumunia (nominative singular)
Rumunii (genitive singular)
Rumunii (dative singular)
Rumunię (accusative singular)
Rumunią (instrumental singular)
Rumunii (locative singular)
Rumunio (singular vocative)


Malaga

malagijski (adjective)
Malaga (nominative singular)
Malagi (genitive singular)
Maladze (dative singular)
Malagę (accusative singular)
Malagą (instrumental singular)
Maladze (locative singular)
Malago (singular vocative)


Bułgaria

Bułgaria (nominative singular)
Bułgarie (nominative plural)
Bułgarii (genitive singular)
Bułgarii (genitive plural)
Bułgarii (dative singular)
Bułgariom (dative plural)
Bułgarię (accusative singular)
Bułgarie (accusative plural)
Bułgarią (instrumental singular)
Bułgariami (instrumental plural)
Bułgarii (locative singular)
Bułgariach (locative plural)
Bułgario (singular vocative)
Bułgarie (plural vocative)

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Abram

Learned borrowing from Hebrew אַבְרָם. Doublet of Abraham.

(countable) a female surname from Hebrew


Pretoria

Pretoria (nominative singular)
Pretorii (genitive singular)
Pretorii (dative singular)
Pretorię (accusative singular)
Pretorią (instrumental singular)
Pretorii (locative singular)
Pretorio (singular vocative)

Pretoria (a city, the administrative capital of South Africa)


tamy

inflection of tama:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


pergola

pergola (nominative singular)
pergole (nominative plural)
pergoli (genitive singular)
pergoli (genitive plural)
pergol (genitive plural)
pergoli (dative singular)
pergolom (dative plural)
pergolę (accusative singular)
pergole (accusative plural)
pergolą (instrumental singular)
pergolami (instrumental plural)
pergoli (locative singular)
pergolach (locative plural)
pergolo (singular vocative)
pergole (plural vocative)

pergola (framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants)


kulka

kuleczka (diminutive)
kulka (nominative singular)
kulki (nominative plural)
kulki (genitive singular)
kulek (genitive plural)
kulce (dative singular)
kulkom (dative plural)
kulkę (accusative singular)
kulki (accusative plural)
kulką (instrumental singular)
kulkami (instrumental plural)
kulce (locative singular)
kulkach (locative plural)
kulko (singular vocative)
kulki (plural vocative)

scoop (amount held by a scoop, e.g. of ice cream)


almeja

almeja (nominative singular)
almeje (nominative plural)
almei (genitive singular)
almei (genitive plural)
almej (genitive plural)
almei (dative singular)
almejom (dative plural)
almeję (accusative singular)
almeje (accusative plural)
almeją (instrumental singular)
almejami (instrumental plural)
almei (locative singular)
almejach (locative plural)
almejo (singular vocative)
almeje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French almée. First attested in the mid 19th c..

almah (Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment)


kasta

kastowy (adjective)
kasta (nominative singular)
kasty (nominative plural)
kasty (genitive singular)
kast (genitive plural)
kaście (dative singular)
kastom (dative plural)
kastę (accusative singular)
kasty (accusative plural)
kastą (instrumental singular)
kastami (instrumental plural)
kaście (locative singular)
kastach (locative plural)
kasto (singular vocative)
kasty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English caste, French caste, German Kaste, ultimately from Portuguese casta.

(Hinduism) caste (any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies)

caste (separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly associate with each other)

(zoology) caste (class of polymorphous eusocial insects of a particular size and function within a colony)


Breda

bredzki (adjective)
Breda (nominative singular)
Bredy (genitive singular)
Bredzie (dative singular)
Bredę (accusative singular)
Bredą (instrumental singular)
Bredzie (locative singular)
Bredo (singular vocative)

Breda (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


poema

poema (nominative singular)
poemy (nominative plural)
poemy (genitive singular)
poem (genitive plural)
poemie (dative singular)
poemom (dative plural)
poemę (accusative singular)
poemy (accusative plural)
poemą (instrumental singular)
poemami (instrumental plural)
poemie (locative singular)
poemach (locative plural)
poemo (singular vocative)
poemy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin poēma. First attested in 1752.


piana

pianka (diminutive)
piana (nominative singular)
piany (nominative plural)
piany (genitive singular)
pian (genitive plural)
pianie (dative singular)
pianom (dative plural)
pianę (accusative singular)
piany (accusative plural)
pianą (instrumental singular)
pianami (instrumental plural)
pianie (locative singular)
pianach (locative plural)
piano (singular vocative)
piany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna. Doublet of pumeks.


aureola

aureolka (diminutive)
aureola (nominative singular)
aureole (nominative plural)
aureoli (genitive singular)
aureoli (genitive plural)
aureoli (dative singular)
aureolom (dative plural)
aureolę (accusative singular)
aureole (accusative plural)
aureolą (instrumental singular)
aureolami (instrumental plural)
aureoli (locative singular)
aureolach (locative plural)
aureolo (singular vocative)
aureole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin aureola corōna.

(art, Christianity) aureole, glory, halo, nimbus (luminous disc around the heads of saints in sacred art)

(literary) aureole, halo, nimbus (light circle around some sources of light)

(literary) aureole (hair resembling a halo around the heads of saints)

(literary) halo (the metaphorical aura of glory)


Juda

Juda (nominative singular)
Judy (genitive singular)
Judzie (dative singular)
Judę (accusative singular)
Judą (instrumental singular)
Judzie (locative singular)
Judo (singular vocative)

(biblical) Judah (southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel)


adrenalina

adrenalina (nominative singular)
adrenaliny (genitive singular)
adrenalinie (dative singular)
adrenalinę (accusative singular)
adrenaliną (instrumental singular)
adrenalinie (locative singular)
adrenalino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French adrénaline, from English adrenalina, from Latin ad- + Latin rēnālis + -ina, coined by Japanese chemist Takamine Jōkichi in 1901. Genericized trademark. First attested in 1901.

coin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)

(colloquial) adrenaline (excitement; thrills)


Apia

apijski (adjective)
Apia (nominative singular)
Apii (genitive singular)
Apii (dative singular)
Apię (accusative singular)
Apią (instrumental singular)
Apii (locative singular)
Apio (singular vocative)

Apia (the capital and largest city of Samoa)


ryba

pl-noun

ryba f (diminutive rybka or rybeńka, augmentative rybsko, related adjective rybny or rybi)

rybka (diminutive)
rybeńka (diminutive)
rybsko (augmentative)
rybny (adjective)
rybi (adjective)
ryba (nominative singular)
ryby (nominative plural)
ryby (genitive singular)
ryb (genitive plural)
rybie (dative singular)
rybom (dative plural)
rybę (accusative singular)
ryby (accusative plural)
rybą (instrumental singular)
rybami (instrumental plural)
rybie (locative singular)
rybach (locative plural)
rybo (singular vocative)
ryby (plural vocative)

fish (cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, moving with the help of fins and breathing with gills)


Sparta

spartański (adjective)
Sparta (nominative singular)
Sparty (genitive singular)
Sparcie (dative singular)
Spartę (accusative singular)
Spartą (instrumental singular)
Sparcie (locative singular)
Sparto (singular vocative)

Sparta (an ancient city-state and archaeological site in modern Greece)

Sparta (a city in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece)


corrida

corrida (nominative singular)
corridy (nominative plural)
corridy (genitive singular)
corrid (genitive plural)
corridzie (dative singular)
corridom (dative plural)
corridę (accusative singular)
corridy (accusative plural)
corridą (instrumental singular)
corridami (instrumental plural)
corridzie (locative singular)
corridach (locative plural)
corrido (singular vocative)
corridy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish corrida.


atrapa

atrapa (nominative singular)
atrapy (nominative plural)
atrapy (genitive singular)
atrap (genitive plural)
atrapie (dative singular)
atrapom (dative plural)
atrapę (accusative singular)
atrapy (accusative plural)
atrapą (instrumental singular)
atrapami (instrumental plural)
atrapie (locative singular)
atrapach (locative plural)
atrapo (singular vocative)
atrapy (plural vocative)

dummy, mock-up, simulacrum (something that is only meant to resemble something else)


atrofia

atrofia (nominative singular)
atrofii (genitive singular)
atrofii (dative singular)
atrofię (accusative singular)
atrofią (instrumental singular)
atrofii (locative singular)
atrofio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀτροφία (atrophía). By surface analysis, a- + -trofia.


anta

anta (nominative singular)
anty (nominative plural)
anty (genitive singular)
ant (genitive plural)
ancie (dative singular)
antom (dative plural)
antę (accusative singular)
anty (accusative plural)
antą (instrumental singular)
antami (instrumental plural)
ancie (locative singular)
antach (locative plural)
anto (singular vocative)
anty (plural vocative)


bufa

bufka (diminutive)
bufa (nominative singular)
bufy (nominative plural)
bufy (genitive singular)
buf (genitive plural)
bufie (dative singular)
bufom (dative plural)
bufę (accusative singular)
bufy (accusative plural)
bufą (instrumental singular)
bufami (instrumental plural)
bufie (locative singular)
bufach (locative plural)
bufo (singular vocative)
bufy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bouffer, from Old French bouffer, from Medieval Latin buffa.

puff (portion of fabric gathered up so as to be left full in the middle)


debata

debata (nominative singular)
debaty (nominative plural)
debaty (genitive singular)
debat (genitive plural)
debacie (dative singular)
debatom (dative plural)
debatę (accusative singular)
debaty (accusative plural)
debatą (instrumental singular)
debatami (instrumental plural)
debacie (locative singular)
debatach (locative plural)
debato (singular vocative)
debaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Debatte, from French débattre, from Middle French debatre, from Old French debatre.


deforma

deforma (nominative singular)
deformy (nominative plural)
deformy (genitive singular)
deform (genitive plural)
deformie (dative singular)
deformom (dative plural)
deformę (accusative singular)
deformy (accusative plural)
deformą (instrumental singular)
deformami (instrumental plural)
deformie (locative singular)
deformach (locative plural)
deformo (singular vocative)
deformy (plural vocative)

Deforma edukacji może stać się katastrofą społeczną o dużej skali i długotrwałych skutkach. Grozi nam odwrócenie wielkiego sukcesu, jakim było wyrównywanie szans edukacyjnych. Deforma da w kość zwłaszcza dzieciom ze wsi i robotniczych domów.

2016, Piotr Pacewicz, “Deforma edukacji. Protestujmy, póki czas”, in Oko.press

The education un-reform might become a social disaster on large scale with long-lasting effects. We are threatened by an undoing of great success that equalized education chances. The un-reform will give especially small town children and working households a hard time.

(neologism, derogatory) a reform that makes things worse instead of better; dismantling


hiena

hieni (adjective)
hiena (nominative singular)
hieny (nominative plural)
hieny (genitive singular)
hien (genitive plural)
hienie (dative singular)
hienom (dative plural)
hienę (accusative singular)
hieny (accusative plural)
hieną (instrumental singular)
hienami (instrumental plural)
hienie (locative singular)
hienach (locative plural)
hieno (singular vocative)
hieny (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: hiena

hyena (any carnivore of the subfamily Hyaenidae)

(derogatory, figurative) blackguard, scoundrel (unprincipled, contemptible, and untrustworthy person)


faja

faja (nominative singular)
faje (nominative plural)
fai (genitive singular)
faj (genitive plural)
fai (dative singular)
fajom (dative plural)
faję (accusative singular)
faje (accusative plural)
fają (instrumental singular)
fajami (instrumental plural)
fai (locative singular)
fajach (locative plural)
fajo (singular vocative)
faje (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) dweeb, hacker, klutz, nebbish


graba

graba (nominative singular)
graby (nominative plural)
graby (genitive singular)
grab (genitive plural)
grabie (dative singular)
grabom (dative plural)
grabę (accusative singular)
graby (accusative plural)
grabą (instrumental singular)
grabami (instrumental plural)
grabie (locative singular)
grabach (locative plural)
grabo (singular vocative)
graby (plural vocative)


glosa

glosa (nominative singular)
glosy (nominative plural)
glosy (genitive singular)
glos (genitive plural)
glosie (dative singular)
glosom (dative plural)
glosę (accusative singular)
glosy (accusative plural)
glosą (instrumental singular)
glosami (instrumental plural)
glosie (locative singular)
glosach (locative plural)
gloso (singular vocative)
glosy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin glōssa, from Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssa).

(lexicography) gloss (brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or complex expression)


parcela

parcela (nominative singular)
parcele (nominative plural)
parceli (genitive singular)
parceli (genitive plural)
parcel (genitive plural)
parceli (dative singular)
parcelom (dative plural)
parcelę (accusative singular)
parcele (accusative plural)
parcelą (instrumental singular)
parcelami (instrumental plural)
parceli (locative singular)
parcelach (locative plural)
parcelo (singular vocative)
parcele (plural vocative)


parodia

parodia (nominative singular)
parodie (nominative plural)
parodii (genitive singular)
parodii (genitive plural)
parodyj (archaic genitive plural)
parodii (dative singular)
parodiom (dative plural)
parodię (accusative singular)
parodie (accusative plural)
parodią (instrumental singular)
parodiami (instrumental plural)
parodii (locative singular)
parodiach (locative plural)
parodio (singular vocative)
parodie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parodiez, from Latin parōdia, from Ancient Greek παρῳδία (parōidía).


perfuma

perfuma (nominative singular)
perfumy (nominative plural)
perfumy (genitive singular)
perfum (genitive plural)
perfumie (dative singular)
perfumom (dative plural)
perfumę (accusative singular)
perfumy (accusative plural)
perfumą (instrumental singular)
perfumami (instrumental plural)
perfumie (locative singular)
perfumach (locative plural)
perfumo (singular vocative)
perfumy (plural vocative)


perora

perora (nominative singular)
perory (nominative plural)
perory (genitive singular)
peror (genitive plural)
perorze (dative singular)
perorom (dative plural)
perorę (accusative singular)
perory (accusative plural)
perorą (instrumental singular)
perorami (instrumental plural)
perorze (locative singular)
perorach (locative plural)
peroro (singular vocative)
perory (plural vocative)


plisa

pliska (diminutive)
plisa (nominative singular)
plisy (nominative plural)
plisy (genitive singular)
plis (genitive plural)
plisie (dative singular)
plisom (dative plural)
plisę (accusative singular)
plisy (accusative plural)
plisą (instrumental singular)
plisami (instrumental plural)
plisie (locative singular)
plisach (locative plural)
pliso (singular vocative)
plisy (plural vocative)

(sewing) pleat (fold in a fabric of a garment)


premia

premia (nominative singular)
premie (nominative plural)
premii (genitive singular)
premii (genitive plural)
premij (archaic genitive plural)
premii (dative singular)
premiom (dative plural)
premię (accusative singular)
premie (accusative plural)
premią (instrumental singular)
premiami (instrumental plural)
premii (locative singular)
premiach (locative plural)
premio (singular vocative)
premie (plural vocative)

bonus (extra sum given as a premium to an employee)


warty

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of warta:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


biologia

biologia (nominative singular)
biologii (genitive singular)
biologii (dative singular)
biologię (accusative singular)
biologią (instrumental singular)
biologii (locative singular)
biologio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -logia. First attested in 1823.

nowoczesna/współczesna biologia

biologia doświadczalna/eksperymentalna

biologia molekularna

biologia komórki

biologia nowotworów

biologia roślin

osiągnięcia biologii

postępy biologii

absolwent biologii

student/studentka biologii

studiować biologię

ukończyć biologię

wybrać biologię

dziekan biologii

pracownik biologii

prodziekan biologii

budynek biologii

dostać się na biologię

to get into (to be accepted into) biology

zdać/zdawać na biologię

nauczyciel/nauczycielka biologii

lekcje biologii

zeszyt do biologii

prawa biologii

siła biologii

biologia zwyciężyła

biology (the structure, function, and behavior of an organism or type of organism)


reforma

reforma (nominative singular)
reformy (nominative plural)
reformy (genitive singular)
reform (genitive plural)
reformie (dative singular)
reformom (dative plural)
reformę (accusative singular)
reformy (accusative plural)
reformą (instrumental singular)
reformami (instrumental plural)
reformie (locative singular)
reformach (locative plural)
reformo (singular vocative)
reformy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English reform, French réforme, German Reform, probably directly from French réforme, ultimately from Latin refōrmō.


renta

renta (nominative singular)
renty (nominative plural)
renty (genitive singular)
rent (genitive plural)
rencie (dative singular)
rentom (dative plural)
rentę (accusative singular)
renty (accusative plural)
rentą (instrumental singular)
rentami (instrumental plural)
rencie (locative singular)
rentach (locative plural)
rento (singular vocative)
renty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rente, from Old French rente, from Early Medieval Latin rendita.

benefit of certain other kinds, e.g. for a disabled child

pogoń za rentą

(rare, economics) rent; profit made from one's capital or wealth


suma

pl-noun

suma f (diminutive sumka, related adjective sumowy)

sumka (diminutive)
sumowy (adjective)
suma (nominative singular)
sumy (nominative plural)
sumy (genitive singular)
sum (genitive plural)
sumie (dative singular)
sumom (dative plural)
sumę (accusative singular)
sumy (accusative plural)
sumą (instrumental singular)
sumami (instrumental plural)
sumie (locative singular)
sumach (locative plural)
sumo (singular vocative)
sumy (plural vocative)

amount, sum, figure (certain amount of money)

(mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)

(Roman Catholicism) mass, service (main mass help in church on Sundays and holidays)

(Middle Polish) sum, summary (short summation of text)


zumba

zumba (nominative singular)
zumby (genitive singular)
zumbie (dative singular)
zumbę (accusative singular)
zumbą (instrumental singular)
zumbie (locative singular)
zumbo (singular vocative)

(dance, exercise) Zumba (fitness program that combines Latin and international music with dance)


mgła

mgiełka (diminutive)
mgła (nominative singular)
mgły (nominative plural)
mgły (genitive singular)
mgieł (genitive plural)
mgle (dative singular)
mgłom (dative plural)
mgłę (accusative singular)
mgły (accusative plural)
mgłą (instrumental singular)
mgłami (instrumental plural)
mgle (locative singular)
mgłach (locative plural)
mgło (singular vocative)
mgły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mgła, from Proto-Slavic *mьglà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *miglā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃migʰleh₂, from the root *h₃meygʰ- (“fog, mist, cloud, to drizzle”).


chmura

chmura f (diminutive chmurka, augmentative chmurzysko)

chmurka (diminutive)
chmurzysko (augmentative)
chmura (nominative singular)
chmury (nominative plural)
chmury (genitive singular)
chmur (genitive plural)
chmurze (dative singular)
chmurom (dative plural)
chmurę (accusative singular)
chmury (accusative plural)
chmurą (instrumental singular)
chmurami (instrumental plural)
chmurze (locative singular)
chmurach (locative plural)
chmuro (singular vocative)
chmury (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xmura. Compare Belarusian, Ukrainian хмара (xmara).


łacina

łaciński (adjective)
łacina (nominative singular)
łaciny (genitive singular)
łacinie (dative singular)
łacinę (accusative singular)
łaciną (instrumental singular)
łacinie (locative singular)
łacino (singular vocative)

Latin (language of the ancient Romans, other Latins, and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin)

(colloquial, linguistics) vulgar, abusive words, insults, or curses


pomyłka

pomyłeczka (diminutive)
pomyłka (nominative singular)
pomyłki (nominative plural)
pomyłki (genitive singular)
pomyłek (genitive plural)
pomyłce (dative singular)
pomyłkom (dative plural)
pomyłkę (accusative singular)
pomyłki (accusative plural)
pomyłką (instrumental singular)
pomyłkami (instrumental plural)
pomyłce (locative singular)
pomyłkach (locative plural)
pomyłko (singular vocative)
pomyłki (plural vocative)

wrong number (when dialing on the phone)


ćma

ćma (nominative singular)
ćmy (nominative plural)
ćmy (genitive singular)
ciem (genitive plural)
ćmie (dative singular)
ćmom (dative plural)
ćmę (accusative singular)
ćmy (accusative plural)
ćmą (instrumental singular)
ćmami (instrumental plural)
ćmie (locative singular)
ćmach (locative plural)
ćmo (singular vocative)
ćmy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma, related to Czech tma and Russian тьма (tʹma).


rodzina

rodzina f (diminutive rodzinka, related adjective rodzinny, abbreviation rodz.)

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzinny (adjective)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinom (dative plural)
rodzinę (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodziną (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, ród + -ina.

z rodziną najlepiej wychodzi się na zdjęciu

family (group of people who are not related to each other, but connected by religious or ideological ties)

family (group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order)

(linguistics) family (group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language)

(biology, taxonomy) family (category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank)

(music) family (group of instruments having the same basic method of tone production)


niespodzianka

niespodzianka (nominative singular)
niespodzianki (nominative plural)
niespodzianki (genitive singular)
niespodzianek (genitive plural)
niespodziance (dative singular)
niespodziankom (dative plural)
niespodziankę (accusative singular)
niespodzianki (accusative plural)
niespodzianką (instrumental singular)
niespodziankami (instrumental plural)
niespodziance (locative singular)
niespodziankach (locative plural)
niespodzianko (singular vocative)
niespodzianki (plural vocative)


przyjemność

przyjemność (nominative singular)
przyjemności (nominative plural)
przyjemności (genitive singular)
przyjemności (genitive plural)
przyjemności (dative singular)
przyjemnościom (dative plural)
przyjemność (accusative singular)
przyjemności (accusative plural)
przyjemnością (instrumental singular)
przyjemnościami (instrumental plural)
przyjemności (locative singular)
przyjemnościach (locative plural)
przyjemności (singular vocative)
przyjemności (plural vocative)

/pʂɨˈjɛm.nɔɕt͡ɕ/

z przyjemnością

cała przyjemność po mojej stronie

the pleasure is all mine (literally, “all the pleasure is on my side”)


ochota

ochota (nominative singular)
ochoty (genitive singular)
ochocie (dative singular)
ochotę (accusative singular)
ochotą (instrumental singular)
ochocie (locative singular)
ochoto (singular vocative)


Rebeka

Rebeka (nominative singular)
Rebeki (nominative plural)
Rebeki (genitive singular)
Rebek (genitive plural)
Rebece (dative singular)
Rebekom (dative plural)
Rebekę (accusative singular)
Rebeki (accusative plural)
Rebeką (instrumental singular)
Rebekami (instrumental plural)
Rebece (locative singular)
Rebekach (locative plural)
Rebeko (singular vocative)
Rebeki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Rebecca, from Biblical Hebrew רִבְקָה.

(biblical) Rebekah (sister of Laban and wife to Isaac)

a female given name, equivalent to English Rebecca


chwila

chwila f (diminutive chwilka or chwilunia)

chwilka (diminutive)
chwilunia (diminutive)
chwila (nominative singular)
chwile (nominative plural)
chwili (genitive singular)
chwil (genitive plural)
chwili (dative singular)
chwilom (dative plural)
chwilę (accusative singular)
chwile (accusative plural)
chwilą (instrumental singular)
chwilami (instrumental plural)
chwili (locative singular)
chwilach (locative plural)
chwilo (singular vocative)
chwile (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish chwila. Compare Czech chvíle, English while, German Weile.

instant, moment (very short period of time)

instant, moment (single, usually precise, point in time)

(regional) weather, especially bad weather


pierś

pierś (nominative singular)
piersi (nominative plural)
piersi (genitive singular)
piersi (genitive plural)
piersi (dative singular)
piersiom (dative plural)
pierś (accusative singular)
piersi (accusative plural)
piersią (instrumental singular)
piersiami (instrumental plural)
piersi (locative singular)
piersiach (locative plural)
piersi (singular vocative)
piersi (plural vocative)


okazja

okazja f (diminutive okazyjka, related adjective okazyjny)

okazyjka (diminutive)
okazyjny (adjective)
okazja (nominative singular)
okazje (nominative plural)
okazji (genitive singular)
okazji (genitive plural)
okazyj (archaic genitive plural)
okazji (dative singular)
okazjom (dative plural)
okazję (accusative singular)
okazje (accusative plural)
okazją (instrumental singular)
okazjami (instrumental plural)
okazji (locative singular)
okazjach (locative plural)
okazjo (singular vocative)
okazje (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: ôkazyjŏ

Learned borrowing from Latin occāsiō. First attested in 1551.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “okazyja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

+obj

żeby (+ infinitive past-tense clause) ‘to do what’; or with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’

chance, occasion, opportunity (chance for advancement, progress or profit) [with infinitive or żeby (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘to do what’; or with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

bargain, chance, occasion, opportunity (favorable circumstance or occasion)

occasion (special event or circumstances)

(colloquial) random vehicle or person picking up someone or something along the way

(archaic) adventure (remarkable occurrence)


nadzieja

pl-noun

nadzieja f (related adjective nadziejny)

nadziejny (adjective)
nadzieja (nominative singular)
nadzieje (nominative plural)
nadziei (genitive singular)
nadziei (genitive plural)
nadziei (dative singular)
nadziejom (dative plural)
nadzieję (accusative singular)
nadzieje (accusative plural)
nadzieją (instrumental singular)
nadziejami (instrumental plural)
nadziei (locative singular)
nadziejach (locative plural)
nadziejo (singular vocative)
nadzieje (plural vocative)

Ciągle jest nadzieja na zwycięstwo.

hope (feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen) [with na (+ accusative) ‘for what’]

hope (person or thing that is a source of hope)

(Middle Polish, Christianity) hope (virtuous desire for future good)


Sabina

Sabin (masculine)
Sabina (nominative singular)
Sabiny (nominative plural)
Sabiny (genitive singular)
Sabin (genitive plural)
Sabinie (dative singular)
Sabinom (dative plural)
Sabinę (accusative singular)
Sabiny (accusative plural)
Sabiną (instrumental singular)
Sabinami (instrumental plural)
Sabinie (locative singular)
Sabinach (locative plural)
Sabino (singular vocative)
Sabiny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Sabina


porcelana

porcelana (nominative singular)
porcelany (genitive singular)
porcelanie (dative singular)
porcelanę (accusative singular)
porcelaną (instrumental singular)
porcelanie (locative singular)
porcelano (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin porcellana.


Renata

Renata (nominative singular)
Renaty (nominative plural)
Renaty (genitive singular)
Renat (genitive plural)
Renacie (dative singular)
Renatom (dative plural)
Renatę (accusative singular)
Renaty (accusative plural)
Renatą (instrumental singular)
Renatami (instrumental plural)
Renacie (locative singular)
Renatach (locative plural)
Renato (singular vocative)
Renaty (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Renata


heroina

heroinowy (adjective)
heroina (nominative singular)
heroiny (genitive singular)
heroinie (dative singular)
heroinę (accusative singular)
heroiną (instrumental singular)
heroinie (locative singular)
heroino (singular vocative)

heroin (powerful and addictive drug derived from opium producing intense euphoria; classed as an illegal narcotic in most of the world)


aedicula

aedicula (nominative singular)
aedicule (nominative plural)
aediculi (genitive singular)
aedicul (genitive plural)
aediculi (dative singular)
aediculom (dative plural)
aediculę (accusative singular)
aedicule (accusative plural)
aediculą (instrumental singular)
aediculami (instrumental plural)
aediculi (locative singular)
aediculach (locative plural)
aediculo (singular vocative)
aedicule (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aedicula.


apologia

apologia (nominative singular)
apologie (nominative plural)
apologii (genitive singular)
apologii (genitive plural)
apologij (archaic genitive plural)
apologii (dative singular)
apologiom (dative plural)
apologię (accusative singular)
apologie (accusative plural)
apologią (instrumental singular)
apologiami (instrumental plural)
apologii (locative singular)
apologiach (locative plural)
apologio (singular vocative)
apologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin apologia, from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología). By surface analysis, apo- + -logia.

(literary) apology (defence of some belief)


łyżka do butów

łyżka do butów (nominative singular)
łyżki do butów (nominative plural)
łyżki do butów (genitive singular)
łyżek do butów (genitive plural)
łyżce do butów (dative singular)
łyżkom do butów (dative plural)
łyżkę do butów (accusative singular)
łyżki do butów (accusative plural)
łyżką do butów (instrumental singular)
łyżkami do butów (instrumental plural)
łyżce do butów (locative singular)
łyżkach do butów (locative plural)
łyżko do butów (singular vocative)
łyżki do butów (plural vocative)

(idiomatic) shoehorn (smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place)


oceanologia

oceanologia f (related adjective oceanologiczny)

oceanologiczny (adjective)
oceanologia (nominative singular)
oceanologii (genitive singular)
oceanologii (dative singular)
oceanologię (accusative singular)
oceanologią (instrumental singular)
oceanologii (locative singular)
oceanologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English oceanology, French océanologie, German Ozeanologie.

oceanology (exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor)


oceanografia

oceanografia f (related adjective oceanograficzny)

oceanograficzny (adjective)
oceanografia (nominative singular)
oceanografii (genitive singular)
oceanografii (dative singular)
oceanografię (accusative singular)
oceanografią (instrumental singular)
oceanografii (locative singular)
oceanografio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English oceanography, French océanographie, German Ozeanographie.

oceanography (exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor)


moda

moda (nominative singular)
mody (nominative plural)
mody (genitive singular)
mód (genitive plural)
modzie (dative singular)
modom (dative plural)
modę (accusative singular)
mody (accusative plural)
modą (instrumental singular)
modami (instrumental plural)
modzie (locative singular)
modach (locative plural)
modo (singular vocative)
mody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French mode, from Latin modus.


fobia

fobia (nominative singular)
fobie (nominative plural)
fobii (genitive singular)
fobii (genitive plural)
fobij (archaic genitive plural)
fobii (dative singular)
fobiom (dative plural)
fobię (accusative singular)
fobie (accusative plural)
fobią (instrumental singular)
fobiami (instrumental plural)
fobii (locative singular)
fobiach (locative plural)
fobio (singular vocative)
fobie (plural vocative)


agorafobia

agorafobia (nominative singular)
agorafobii (genitive singular)
agorafobii (dative singular)
agorafobię (accusative singular)
agorafobią (instrumental singular)
agorafobii (locative singular)
agorafobio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá) + -fobia. First attested in 1873.

mieć agorafobię


paleontologia

paleontologia (nominative singular)
paleontologii (genitive singular)
paleontologii (dative singular)
paleontologię (accusative singular)
paleontologią (instrumental singular)
paleontologii (locative singular)
paleontologio (singular vocative)


geologia

geologia (nominative singular)
geologii (genitive singular)
geologii (dative singular)
geologię (accusative singular)
geologia (instrumental singular)
geologii (locative singular)
geologio (singular vocative)


bursa

bursa (nominative singular)
bursy (nominative plural)
bursy (genitive singular)
burs (genitive plural)
bursie (dative singular)
bursom (dative plural)
bursę (accusative singular)
bursy (accusative plural)
bursą (instrumental singular)
bursami (instrumental plural)
bursie (locative singular)
bursach (locative plural)
burso (singular vocative)
bursy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bursa.

lbor

(dated, education) boarding house (housing for students at a boarding school)

(Roman Catholicism) bursa (parament about twelve inches square in which the folded corporal is kept in for reasons of reverence)


Aleksandra

pl-proper noun

Aleksandra f (male equivalent Aleksander, diminutive Ola or Olka)

Aleksander (masculine)
Ola (diminutive)
Olka (diminutive)
Aleksandra (nominative singular)
Aleksandry (nominative plural)
Aleksandry (genitive singular)
Aleksander (genitive plural)
Aleksandrze (dative singular)
Aleksandrom (dative plural)
Aleksandrę (accusative singular)
Aleksandry (accusative plural)
Aleksandrą (instrumental singular)
Aleksandrami (instrumental plural)
Aleksandrze (locative singular)
Aleksandrach (locative plural)
Aleksandro (singular vocative)
Aleksandry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Alexandra, from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρα (Alexándra).

a female given name, equivalent to English Alexandra


Emilia

Emil (masculine)
Emilia (nominative singular)
Emilie (nominative plural)
Emilii (genitive singular)
Emilii (genitive plural)
Emilij (archaic genitive plural)
Emilii (dative singular)
Emiliom (dative plural)
Emilię (accusative singular)
Emilie (accusative plural)
Emilią (instrumental singular)
Emiliami (instrumental plural)
Emilii (locative singular)
Emiliach (locative plural)
Emilio (singular vocative)
Emilie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Emily


Praga

Praga (nominative singular)
Pragi (nominative plural)
Pragi (genitive singular)
Prag (genitive plural)
Pradze (dative singular)
Pragom (dative plural)
Pragę (accusative singular)
Pragi (accusative plural)
Pragą (instrumental singular)
Pragami (instrumental plural)
Pradze (locative singular)
Pragach (locative plural)
Prago (singular vocative)
Pragi (plural vocative)

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)

Praga (area of Warsaw that lies on the right bank of the Vistula)

(historical) Praga (former city in Poland, until 1791, on the right bank of the Vistula, opposite Warsaw)


adynamia

adynamia (nominative singular)
adynamii (genitive singular)
adynamii (dative singular)
adynamię (accusative singular)
adynamią (instrumental singular)
adynamii (locative singular)
adynamio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀδύναμος (adúnamos). By surface analysis, a- + dynamo- + -ia. First attested in 1816.

ref

August Ferdynand Wolff (1816) Rys sztuki leczenia czyli terapia ogólna i szczególna. Cz. 1, Obeymuiąca terapią ogólną i główne formy chorób gorączkowych, page 308

(pathology) adynamia (lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease)


nomenklatura

pl-noun

nomenklatura f (related adjective nomenklaturowy)

nomenklaturowy (adjective)
nomenklatura (nominative singular)
nomenklatury (nominative plural)
nomenklatury (genitive singular)
nomenklatur (genitive plural)
nomenklaturze (dative singular)
nomenklaturom (dative plural)
nomenklaturę (accusative singular)
nomenklatury (accusative plural)
nomenklaturą (instrumental singular)
nomenklaturami (instrumental plural)
nomenklaturze (locative singular)
nomenklaturach (locative plural)
nomenklaturo (singular vocative)
nomenklatury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra. Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra).

sl

номенклату́ра

(countable) nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)

(countable) nomenclature (set of names or terms)

(uncountable, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)

(uncountable, collective, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (people on such lists)

(uncountable, collective, derogatory, politics) nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)


scena

pl-noun

scena f (diminutive scenka, related adjective scenowy)

scenka (diminutive)
scenowy (adjective)
scena (nominative singular)
sceny (nominative plural)
sceny (genitive singular)
scen (genitive plural)
scenie (dative singular)
scenom (dative plural)
scenę (accusative singular)
sceny (accusative plural)
sceną (instrumental singular)
scenami (instrumental plural)
scenie (locative singular)
scenach (locative plural)
sceno (singular vocative)
sceny (plural vocative)

(theater) stage, platform (surface, generally elevated, upon which show performances or other public events are given)

scene (location of an event that attracts attention)

picture, scene (view or scene from life observed by someone or shown on television, in theater, etc.)


Uppsala

Uppsala (nominative singular)
Uppsali (genitive singular)
Uppsali (dative singular)
Uppsalę (accusative singular)
Uppsalą (instrumental singular)
Uppsali (locative singular)
Uppsalo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir.


schola

scholka (diminutive)
schola (nominative singular)
schole (nominative plural)
scholi (genitive singular)
schol (genitive plural)
scholi (dative singular)
scholom (dative plural)
scholę (accusative singular)
schole (accusative plural)
scholą (instrumental singular)
scholami (instrumental plural)
scholi (locative singular)
scholach (locative plural)
scholo (singular vocative)
schole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of szkoła.

(education, music) schola (musical school attached to a monastery or church)


guli

inflection of gula:
genitive/dative/locative singular


kalka

kalka (nominative singular)
kalki (nominative plural)
kalki (genitive singular)
kalk (genitive plural)
kalek (genitive plural)
kalce (dative singular)
kalkom (dative plural)
kalkę (accusative singular)
kalki (accusative plural)
kalką (instrumental singular)
kalkami (instrumental plural)
kalce (locative singular)
kalkach (locative plural)
kalko (singular vocative)
kalki (plural vocative)

carbonless copy paper
carbonless copy paper


Lena

Lena (nominative singular)
Leny (nominative plural)
Leny (genitive singular)
Len (genitive plural)
Lenie (dative singular)
Lenom (dative plural)
Lenę (accusative singular)
Leny (accusative plural)
Leną (instrumental singular)
Lenami (instrumental plural)
Lenie (locative singular)
Lenach (locative plural)
Leno (singular vocative)
Leny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Lena

a diminutive of the female given name Milena

a diminutive of the female given name Helena


purpura

purpura (nominative singular)
purpury (genitive singular)
purpurze (dative singular)
purpurę (accusative singular)
purpurą (instrumental singular)
purpurze (locative singular)
purpuro (singular vocative)


leja

leja (nominative singular)
leje (nominative plural)
lei (genitive singular)
lei (genitive plural)
lei (dative singular)
lejom (dative plural)
leję (accusative singular)
leje (accusative plural)
leją (instrumental singular)
lejami (instrumental plural)
lei (locative singular)
lejach (locative plural)
lejo (singular vocative)
leje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Romanian leu, from Latin leō, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).


Jordania

Jordania (nominative singular)
Jordanii (genitive singular)
Jordanii (dative singular)
Jordanię (accusative singular)
Jordanią (instrumental singular)
Jordanii (locative singular)
Jordanio (singular vocative)

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kalifornia

Kalifornia (nominative singular)
Kalifornii (genitive singular)
Kalifornii (dative singular)
Kalifornię (accusative singular)
Kalifornią (instrumental singular)
Kalifornii (locative singular)
Kalifornio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English California, from Spanish California.

California (a state of the United States)


gardenia

gardenia (nominative singular)
gardenie (nominative plural)
gardenii (genitive singular)
gardenii (genitive plural)
gardenij (archaic genitive plural)
gardenii (dative singular)
gardeniom (dative plural)
gardenię (accusative singular)
gardenie (accusative plural)
gardenią (instrumental singular)
gardeniami (instrumental plural)
gardenii (locative singular)
gardeniach (locative plural)
gardenio (singular vocative)
gardenie (plural vocative)

gardenia (any plant of the genus Gardenia)


chronologia

chronologia (nominative singular)
chronologie (nominative plural)
chronologii (genitive singular)
chronologii (genitive plural)
chronologij (archaic genitive plural)
chronologii (dative singular)
chronologiom (dative plural)
chronologię (accusative singular)
chronologie (accusative plural)
chronologią (instrumental singular)
chronologiami (instrumental plural)
chronologii (locative singular)
chronologiach (locative plural)
chronologio (singular vocative)
chronologie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English chronology, French chronologie, German Chronologie, ultimately from Medieval Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρονολογία (khronología).

chronology (arrangement into chronological order)

chronology (determining the order of events)

chronology (auxiliary science of history)


rada

rada (nominative singular)
rady (nominative plural)
rady (genitive singular)
rad (genitive plural)
radzie (dative singular)
radom (dative plural)
radę (accusative singular)
rady (accusative plural)
radą (instrumental singular)
radami (instrumental plural)
radzie (locative singular)
radach (locative plural)
rado (singular vocative)
rady (plural vocative)

→ English: rada

→ Kashubian: rada

→ Slovincian: rada

(Middle Polish) intention, plan; decision

(Middle Polish) reason (ability to use logic)

(Middle Polish) council; Further details are uncertain.

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


peonia

peonia (nominative singular)
peonie (nominative plural)
peonii (genitive singular)
peonii (genitive plural)
peonij (archaic genitive plural)
peonii (dative singular)
peoniom (dative plural)
peonię (accusative singular)
peonie (accusative plural)
peonią (instrumental singular)
peoniami (instrumental plural)
peonii (locative singular)
peoniach (locative plural)
peonio (singular vocative)
peonie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin paeōnia, from Ancient Greek παιωνία (paiōnía). Doublet of piwonia.


orchidea

orchidea (nominative singular)
orchidee (nominative plural)
orchidei (genitive singular)
orchidei (genitive plural)
orchidei (dative singular)
orchideom (dative plural)
orchideę (accusative singular)
orchidee (accusative plural)
orchideą (instrumental singular)
orchideami (instrumental plural)
orchidei (locative singular)
orchideach (locative plural)
orchideo (singular vocative)
orchidee (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin Orchideae, from Latin orchis, from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis).


rapsodia

rapsodia (nominative singular)
rapsodie (nominative plural)
rapsodii (genitive singular)
rapsodii (genitive plural)
rapsodyj (archaic genitive plural)
rapsodii (dative singular)
rapsodiom (dative plural)
rapsodię (accusative singular)
rapsodie (accusative plural)
rapsodią (instrumental singular)
rapsodiami (instrumental plural)
rapsodii (locative singular)
rapsodiach (locative plural)
rapsodio (singular vocative)
rapsodie (plural vocative)

(music) rhapsody (instrumental composition of irregular form often incorporating improvisation)


autonomia

autonomia (nominative singular)
autonomii (genitive singular)
autonomii (dative singular)
autonomię (accusative singular)
autonomią (instrumental singular)
autonomii (locative singular)
autonomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English autonomy, French autonomie, German Autonomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). By surface analysis, auto- + -nomia.

(politics) autonomy (the right or condition of self-government; freedom to act or function independently)

(philosophy) autonomy (the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision)

(mechanics) autonomy (the capacity of a system to make a decision about its actions without the involvement of another system or operator)


antropologia

antropologia (nominative singular)
antropologii (genitive singular)
antropologii (dative singular)
antropologię (accusative singular)
antropologią (instrumental singular)
antropologii (locative singular)
antropologio (singular vocative)


Monika

pl-prop

Monika f (diminutive Monia or Moniczka or Monisia)

Monia (diminutive)
Moniczka (diminutive)
Monisia (diminutive)
Monika (nominative singular)
Moniki (nominative plural)
Moniki (genitive singular)
Monik (genitive plural)
Monice (dative singular)
Monikom (dative plural)
Monikę (accusative singular)
Moniki (accusative plural)
Moniką (instrumental singular)
Monikami (instrumental plural)
Monice (locative singular)
Monikach (locative plural)
Moniko (singular vocative)
Moniki (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Monica


analogia

analogia (nominative singular)
analogie (nominative plural)
analogii (genitive singular)
analogii (genitive plural)
analogij (archaic genitive plural)
analogii (dative singular)
analogiom (dative plural)
analogię (accusative singular)
analogie (accusative plural)
analogią (instrumental singular)
analogiami (instrumental plural)
analogii (locative singular)
analogiach (locative plural)
analogio (singular vocative)
analogie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía). By surface analysis, ana- + -logia. First attested in 1593.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “analogija”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

+obj

do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with między pomiędzy (+ instrumental) ‘between what’

(literary) analogy (relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with między or pomiędzy (+ instrumental) ‘between what’]

(grammar) analogy (correspondence of a word or phrase with the genius of a language)

(law) analogy (determining legal consequences of a fact not regulated by laws through stare decisis and similar legal cases)


Genua

Genua (nominative singular)
Genui (genitive singular)
Genui (dative singular)
Genuę (accusative singular)
Genuą (instrumental singular)
Genui (locative singular)
Genuo (singular vocative)

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


archeologia

archeol. (abbreviation)
archeologia (nominative singular)
archeologii (genitive singular)
archeologii (dative singular)
archeologię (accusative singular)
archeologią (instrumental singular)
archeologii (locative singular)
archeologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English archaeology, French archéologie, German Archäologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología). By surface analysis, archeo- + -logia.

der

(archaeology) archaeology (scientific study of past remains)


monarchia

monarchia (nominative singular)
monarchie (nominative plural)
monarchii (genitive singular)
monarchii (genitive plural)
monarchij (archaic genitive plural)
monarchii (dative singular)
monarchiom (dative plural)
monarchię (accusative singular)
monarchie (accusative plural)
monarchią (instrumental singular)
monarchiami (instrumental plural)
monarchii (locative singular)
monarchiach (locative plural)
monarchio (singular vocative)
monarchie (plural vocative)

→ Russian: монархия (monarxija)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μοναρχία (monarkhía).


mineta

mineta (nominative singular)
minety (nominative plural)
minety (genitive singular)
minet (genitive plural)
minecie (dative singular)
minetom (dative plural)
minetę (accusative singular)
minety (accusative plural)
minetą (instrumental singular)
minetami (instrumental plural)
minecie (locative singular)
minetach (locative plural)
mineto (singular vocative)
minety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French minette (“muff diving”).

bor+

(colloquial) cunnilingus, act of oral sex performed on a woman


truskawka

pl-noun

truskawka f (diminutive truskaweczka, related adjective truskawkowy)

truskaweczka (diminutive)
truskawkowy (adjective)
truskawka (nominative singular)
truskawki (nominative plural)
truskawki (genitive singular)
truskawek (genitive plural)
truskawce (dative singular)
truskawkom (dative plural)
truskawkę (accusative singular)
truskawki (accusative plural)
truskawką (instrumental singular)
truskawkami (instrumental plural)
truskawce (locative singular)
truskawkach (locative plural)
truskawko (singular vocative)
truskawki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: труска́ўка (truskáŭka)

→ Samogitian: troskauka

→ Ukrainian: тру́скавка (trúskavka)

→ Vilamovian: truskaowkia, trüskawk

→ Yiddish: טרוסקאַפֿקע (truskafke)

Inherited from Old Polish truskawki. Compare Upper Sorbian truskalca.

Fragaria × ananassa
Fragaria × ananassa#Translingual

strawberry (fruit of Fragaria × ananassa)


samara

samarka (diminutive)
samara (nominative singular)
samary (nominative plural)
samary (genitive singular)
samar (genitive plural)
samarze (dative singular)
samarom (dative plural)
samarę (accusative singular)
samary (accusative plural)
samarą (instrumental singular)
samarami (instrumental plural)
samarze (locative singular)
samarach (locative plural)
samaro (singular vocative)
samary (plural vocative)


samara

samara (nominative singular)
samary (nominative plural)
samary (genitive singular)
samar (genitive plural)
samarze (dative singular)
samarom (dative plural)
samarę (accusative singular)
samary (accusative plural)
samarą (instrumental singular)
samarami (instrumental plural)
samarze (locative singular)
samarach (locative plural)
samaro (singular vocative)
samary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Сама́ра (Samára), an oblast of Russia.

(colloquial) Lada Samara (series of small family cars produced by Soviet/Russian vehicle manufacturer AvtoVAZ under the Lada brand between 1984 and 2013)


Epifania

Epifania (nominative singular)
Epifanii (genitive singular)
Epifanii (dative singular)
Epifanię (accusative singular)
Epifanią (instrumental singular)
Epifanii (locative singular)
Epifanio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Epiphanīa, from Ancient Greek Ἐπιφάνεια (Epipháneia).

lbor

(Christianity) Epiphany (appearance of Jesus Christ to the Magi)

(Christianity) Epiphany (Christian feast)


temperatura

pl-noun

temperatura f (diminutive temperaturka, related adjective temperaturowy)

temperaturka (diminutive)
temperaturowy (adjective)
temperatura (nominative singular)
temperatury (genitive singular)
temperaturze (dative singular)
temperaturę (accusative singular)
temperaturą (instrumental singular)
temperaturze (locative singular)
temperaturo (singular vocative)

→ Kashubian: temperatura

→ Silesian: tymperatura

Borrowed from French température. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “temperatura”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

temperature (measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer)

temperature (state of heat of an organism or of one's body)

temperature (elevated body temperature, as present in fever and many illnesses)

temperature (intensity of something, especially of emotions; general mood)


gara

gara (nominative singular)
gary (nominative plural)
gary (genitive singular)
gar (genitive plural)
garze (dative singular)
garom (dative plural)
garę (accusative singular)
gary (accusative plural)
garą (instrumental singular)
garami (instrumental plural)
garze (locative singular)
garach (locative plural)
garo (singular vocative)
gary (plural vocative)

proofing (raising of yeast dough for a final time before baking)

proofing cabinet (room in a bakery where bread was left to leaven)


maniera

maniera (nominative singular)
maniery (nominative plural)
maniery (genitive singular)
manier (genitive plural)
manierze (dative singular)
manierom (dative plural)
manierę (accusative singular)
maniery (accusative plural)
manierą (instrumental singular)
manierami (instrumental plural)
manierze (locative singular)
manierach (locative plural)
maniero (singular vocative)
maniery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French manière, from Middle French maniere, from Old French maniere, meniere, manere, from Vulgar Latin *manāria, from feminine of Latin manuārius.

manner (one's customary method of acting; habit)

manner (characteristic peculiarity of an artist)


radioastronomia

radioastronomia (nominative singular)
radioastronomii (genitive singular)
radioastronomii (dative singular)
radioastronomię (accusative singular)
radioastronomią (instrumental singular)
radioastronomii (locative singular)
radioastronomio (singular vocative)


blastema

blastema (nominative singular)
blastemy (nominative plural)
blastemy (genitive singular)
blastem (genitive plural)
blastemie (dative singular)
blastemom (dative plural)
blastemę (accusative singular)
blastemy (accusative plural)
blastemą (instrumental singular)
blastemami (instrumental plural)
blastemie (locative singular)
blastemach (locative plural)
blastemo (singular vocative)
blastemy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βλάστημα (blástēma). First attested in 1824.


Olga

Oleg (masculine)
Olga (nominative singular)
Olgi (nominative plural)
Olgi (genitive singular)
Olg (genitive plural)
Oldze (dative singular)
Olgom (dative plural)
Olgę (accusative singular)
Olgi (accusative plural)
Olgą (instrumental singular)
Olgami (instrumental plural)
Oldze (locative singular)
Olgach (locative plural)
Olgo (singular vocative)
Olgi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian О́льга (Ólʹga), from Old Norse heilagr, from Proto-Germanic *hailagaz. Doublet of Helga.

a female given name, equivalent to English Olga


wymowa

pl-noun

wymowa f (diminutive wymówka, augmentative wymówisko)

wymówka (diminutive)
wymówisko (augmentative)
wymowa (nominative singular)
wymowy (genitive singular)
wymowie (dative singular)
wymowę (accusative singular)
wymową (instrumental singular)
wymowie (locative singular)
wymowo (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wymowa. By surface analysis, deverbal from wymówić.

surf

pronunciation; articulation (manner of saying sounds)

(figurative) meaning, purport, significance


lunula

lunula (nominative singular)
lunule (nominative plural)
lunuli (genitive singular)
lunul (genitive plural)
lunuli (genitive plural)
lunuli (dative singular)
lunulom (dative plural)
lunulę (accusative singular)
lunule (accusative plural)
lunulą (instrumental singular)
lunulami (instrumental plural)
lunuli (locative singular)
lunulach (locative plural)
lunulo (singular vocative)
lunule (plural vocative)

(Ancient Rome, historical) lunula (crescent moon-shaped pendant worn by girls in Ancient Rome)

(Christianity, chiefly Catholicism and Anglicanism) lunette, luna (crescent-shaped receptacle, often glass, for holding the consecrated host upright when exposed in the monstrance)


astrobiologia

astrobiologia (nominative singular)
astrobiologii (genitive singular)
astrobiologii (dative singular)
astrobiologię (accusative singular)
astrobiologią (instrumental singular)
astrobiologii (locative singular)
astrobiologio (singular vocative)

From astro- + biologia. First attested in 1935.


autostrada

pl-noun

autostrada f (related adjective autostradowy)

autostradowy (adjective)
autostrada (nominative singular)
autostrady (nominative plural)
autostrady (genitive singular)
autostrad (genitive plural)
autostradzie (dative singular)
autostradom (dative plural)
autostradę (accusative singular)
autostrady (accusative plural)
autostradą (instrumental singular)
autostradami (instrumental plural)
autostradzie (locative singular)
autostradach (locative plural)
autostrado (singular vocative)
autostrady (plural vocative)

controlled-access highway
controlled-access highway

motorway, freeway, expressway, controlled-access highway (type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated)


defloracja

defloracja (nominative singular)
defloracje (nominative plural)
defloracji (genitive singular)
defloracji (genitive plural)
defloracyj (archaic genitive plural)
defloracji (dative singular)
defloracjom (dative plural)
deflorację (accusative singular)
defloracje (accusative plural)
defloracją (instrumental singular)
defloracjami (instrumental plural)
defloracji (locative singular)
defloracjach (locative plural)
defloracjo (singular vocative)
defloracje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin defloratio.


morfologia

morfologia (nominative singular)
morfologie (nominative plural)
morfologii (genitive singular)
morfologii (genitive plural)
morfologij (archaic genitive plural)
morfologii (dative singular)
morfologiom (dative plural)
morfologię (accusative singular)
morfologie (accusative plural)
morfologią (instrumental singular)
morfologiami (instrumental plural)
morfologii (locative singular)
morfologiach (locative plural)
morfologio (singular vocative)
morfologie (plural vocative)

complete blood count
complete blood count


anatomia

anat. (abbreviation)
anatomia (nominative singular)
anatomii (genitive singular)
anatomii (dative singular)
anatomię (accusative singular)
anatomią (instrumental singular)
anatomii (locative singular)
anatomio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Anatomie, or French anatomie, ultimately from Ancient Greek *ἀνατομία (*anatomía, “cutting up”), from ἀνατομή (anatomḗ). By surface analysis, ana- + -tomia. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Grzegorz Knapski (1644) “anatomia”, in Thesavri Polonolatinograeci Gregorii Cnapii (in Polish), Cracoviae: Sumptu & Typis Francisci Caesarij, page 47

anatomia porównawcza

podręcznik anatomii

doktor anatomii

profesor anatomii

nauka anatomii

lekcja z anatomii

uczyć anatomii

uczyć się anatomii

anatomy (science that deals with the form and structure of organic bodies)

anatomia prawidłowa

kobieca anatomia

męska anatomia

ludzka anatomia/anatomia człowieka

anatomia ciała

znajomość anatomii

poznać anatomię (czegoś)

to get to know (the) anatomy (of something)

znać anatomię (czegoś)

anatomy (physical or functional organization of an organism)

(by extension) anatomy (organization of some phenomenon)


meteorologia

meteorologia (nominative singular)
meteorologii (genitive singular)
meteorologii (dative singular)
meteorologię (accusative singular)
meteorologią (instrumental singular)
meteorologii (locative singular)
meteorologio (singular vocative)


metropolia

metropolia (nominative singular)
metropolie (nominative plural)
metropolii (genitive singular)
metropolii (genitive plural)
metropolij (archaic genitive plural)
metropolii (dative singular)
metropoliom (dative plural)
metropolię (accusative singular)
metropolie (accusative plural)
metropolią (instrumental singular)
metropoliami (instrumental plural)
metropolii (locative singular)
metropoliach (locative plural)
metropolio (singular vocative)
metropolie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mētropolis, from Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) metropolis (colony's mother city)

(Roman Catholicism) metropolis (jurisdiction of an archbishop)


arteriola

arteriola (nominative singular)
arteriole (nominative plural)
arterioli (genitive singular)
arteriol (genitive plural)
arterioli (dative singular)
arteriolom (dative plural)
arteriolę (accusative singular)
arteriole (accusative plural)
arteriolą (instrumental singular)
arteriolami (instrumental plural)
arterioli (locative singular)
arteriolach (locative plural)
arteriolo (singular vocative)
arteriole (plural vocative)


paulownia

paulownia (nominative singular)
paulownie (nominative plural)
paulowni (genitive singular)
paulowni (genitive plural)
paulowni (dative singular)
paulowniom (dative plural)
paulownię (accusative singular)
paulownie (accusative plural)
paulownią (instrumental singular)
paulowniami (instrumental plural)
paulowni (locative singular)
paulowniach (locative plural)
paulownio (singular vocative)
paulownie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin paulownia, from German Pawlowna, from Russian Па́вловна (Pávlovna), the patronymic of Anna Pavlovna.


tetrarchia

tetrarchia (nominative singular)
tetrarchie (nominative plural)
tetrarchii (genitive singular)
tetrarchii (genitive plural)
tetrarchij (archaic genitive plural)
tetrarchii (dative singular)
tetrarchiom (dative plural)
tetrarchię (accusative singular)
tetrarchie (accusative plural)
tetrarchią (instrumental singular)
tetrarchiami (instrumental plural)
tetrarchii (locative singular)
tetrarchiach (locative plural)
tetrarchio (singular vocative)
tetrarchie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τετραρχία (tetrarkhía).


Ciara

Ciara (nominative singular)
Ciary (nominative plural)
Ciary (genitive singular)
Ciar (genitive plural)
Ciarze (dative singular)
Ciarom (dative plural)
Ciarę (accusative singular)
Ciary (accusative plural)
Ciarą (instrumental singular)
Ciarami (instrumental plural)
Ciarze (locative singular)
Ciarach (locative plural)
Ciaro (singular vocative)
Ciary (plural vocative)


tetralogia

pl-noun

tetralogia f (related adjective tetralogiczny)

tetralogiczny (adjective)
tetralogia (nominative singular)
tetralogie (nominative plural)
tetralogii (genitive singular)
tetralogii (genitive plural)
tetralogij (archaic genitive plural)
tetralogii (dative singular)
tetralogiom (dative plural)
tetralogię (accusative singular)
tetralogie (accusative plural)
tetralogią (instrumental singular)
tetralogiami (instrumental plural)
tetralogii (locative singular)
tetralogiach (locative plural)
tetralogio (singular vocative)
tetralogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) tetralogy (set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works)

(Ancient Greece, theater) tetralogy (group of four tragedies staged as part of a single show)


burza

burzowy (adjective)
burza (nominative singular)
burze (nominative plural)
burzy (genitive singular)
burz (genitive plural)
burzy (dative singular)
burzom (dative plural)
burzę (accusative singular)
burze (accusative plural)
burzą (instrumental singular)
burzami (instrumental plural)
burzy (locative singular)
burzach (locative plural)
burzo (singular vocative)
burze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *buřa. Doublet of furia.

(meteorology) storm, in particular thunderstorm


sperma

sperma (nominative singular)
spermy (genitive singular)
spermie (dative singular)
spermę (accusative singular)
spermą (instrumental singular)
spermie (locative singular)
spermo (singular vocative)


Ibiza

Ibiza (nominative singular)
Ibizy (genitive singular)
Ibizie (dative singular)
Ibizę (accusative singular)
Ibizą (instrumental singular)
Ibizie (locative singular)
Ibizo (singular vocative)

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Ibiza (island in the Balearic Islands of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea)

Ibiza (a city in the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain)


tapeta

tapetka (diminutive)
tapeta (nominative singular)
tapety (nominative plural)
tapety (genitive singular)
tapet (genitive plural)
tapecie (dative singular)
tapetom (dative plural)
tapetę (accusative singular)
tapety (accusative plural)
tapetą (instrumental singular)
tapetami (instrumental plural)
tapecie (locative singular)
tapetach (locative plural)
tapeto (singular vocative)
tapety (plural vocative)

(slang) makeup, especially excessive and/or clumsily done


gastrula

gastrula (nominative singular)
gastrule (nominative plural)
gastruli (genitive singular)
gastrul (genitive plural)
gastruli (dative singular)
gastrulom (dative plural)
gastrulę (accusative singular)
gastrule (accusative plural)
gastrulą (instrumental singular)
gastrulami (instrumental plural)
gastruli (locative singular)
gastrulach (locative plural)
gastrulo (singular vocative)
gastrule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin gastrula.

lbor

faza/stadium gastruli

(embryology) gastrula (stage in the development of embryos of most animals consisting of a three-layered sac of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)


koka

koka (nominative singular)
koki (nominative plural)
koki (genitive singular)
kok (genitive plural)
koce (dative singular)
kokom (dative plural)
kokę (accusative singular)
koki (accusative plural)
koką (instrumental singular)
kokami (instrumental plural)
koce (locative singular)
kokach (locative plural)
koko (singular vocative)
koki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish coca, from Quechua koka or Aymara kuka.

(countable) coca (any of four cultivated plants of the family Erythroxylaceae)

(colloquial, uncountable) coca (dried leaf of a South American shrub used as a drug)


apatia

apatia (nominative singular)
apatii (genitive singular)
apatii (dative singular)
apatię (accusative singular)
apatią (instrumental singular)
apatii (locative singular)
apatio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French apathie, from Latin apathīa, from Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia). By surface analysis, a- + -patia.


lobotomia

lobotomia (nominative singular)
lobotomii (genitive singular)
lobotomii (dative singular)
lobotomię (accusative singular)
lobotomią (instrumental singular)
lobotomii (locative singular)
lobotomio (singular vocative)


arka

arka (nominative singular)
arki (nominative plural)
arki (genitive singular)
arek (genitive plural)
arce (dative singular)
arkom (dative plural)
arkę (accusative singular)
arki (accusative plural)
arką (instrumental singular)
arkami (instrumental plural)
arce (locative singular)
arkach (locative plural)
arko (singular vocative)
arki (plural vocative)


ekologia

ekologia (nominative singular)
ekologii (genitive singular)
ekologii (dative singular)
ekologię (accusative singular)
ekologią (instrumental singular)
ekologii (locative singular)
ekologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ecology, French écologie, German Ökologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) + -λογία (-logía). By surface analysis, eko- + -logia.

ecology (branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other)


madonna

madonna (nominative singular)
madonny (nominative plural)
madonny (genitive singular)
madonn (genitive plural)
madonnie (dative singular)
madonnom (dative plural)
madonnę (accusative singular)
madonny (accusative plural)
madonną (instrumental singular)
madonnami (instrumental plural)
madonnie (locative singular)
madonnach (locative plural)
madonno (singular vocative)
madonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian madonna, from Latin mea domina.

(art, Christianity) Madonna, in particular an artistic depiction of Mary with the infant Jesus

(humorous) woman of subtle, spiritual beauty


hegemonia

hegemonia (nominative singular)
hegemonie (nominative plural)
hegemonii (genitive singular)
hegemonii (genitive plural)
hegemonij (archaic genitive plural)
hegemonii (dative singular)
hegemoniom (dative plural)
hegemonię (accusative singular)
hegemonie (accusative plural)
hegemonią (instrumental singular)
hegemoniami (instrumental plural)
hegemonii (locative singular)
hegemoniach (locative plural)
hegemonio (singular vocative)
hegemonie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἡγεμονία (hēgemonía).

(literary) hegemony (domination, influence, or authority over another)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

legend (story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events)

legend (story in which a kernel of truth is embellished to an unlikely degree)

legend (person with legend-like qualities, such as extraordinary accomplishment)

(cartography) legend (key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.)

(heraldry) legend (inscription, motto, or title, especially one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon a heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration)

legend (instrumental piece of lyrical character, similar to a ballad)

(espionage, slang) legend (fabricated backstory for a spy, with associated documents and records)