NASA

Orthographic borrowing from English NASA.


arietta

arietta (nominative singular)
arietty (nominative plural)
arietty (genitive singular)
ariett (genitive plural)
arietcie (dative singular)
ariettom (dative plural)
ariettę (accusative singular)
arietty (accusative plural)
ariettą (instrumental singular)
ariettami (instrumental plural)
arietcie (locative singular)
ariettach (locative plural)
arietto (singular vocative)
arietty (plural vocative)


aria

aria (nominative singular)
arie (nominative plural)
arii (genitive singular)
arii (genitive plural)
aryj (archaic genitive plural)
arii (dative singular)
ariom (dative plural)
arię (accusative singular)
arie (accusative plural)
arią (instrumental singular)
ariami (instrumental plural)
arii (locative singular)
ariach (locative plural)
ario (singular vocative)
arie (plural vocative)


Estonia

estoński (adjective)
Estonia (nominative singular)
Estonii (genitive singular)
Estonii (dative singular)
Estonię (accusative singular)
Estonią (instrumental singular)
Estonii (locative singular)
Estonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Estonia.


Austria

Austria (nominative singular)
Austrii (genitive singular)
Austrii (dative singular)
Austrię (accusative singular)
Austrią (instrumental singular)
Austrii (locative singular)
Austrio (singular vocative)


Ghana

Ghana (nominative singular)
Ghany (genitive singular)
Ghanie (dative singular)
Ghanę (accusative singular)
Ghaną (instrumental singular)
Ghanie (locative singular)
Ghano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Ghana, from Soninke gajanŋa.


Botswana

Botswana (nominative singular)
Botswany (nominative plural)
Botswany (genitive singular)
Botswan (genitive plural)
Botswanie (dative singular)
Botswanom (dative plural)
Botswanę (accusative singular)
Botswany (accusative plural)
Botswaną (instrumental singular)
Botswanami (instrumental plural)
Botswanie (locative singular)
Botswanach (locative plural)
Botswano (singular vocative)
Botswany (plural vocative)


Namibia

Namibia (nominative singular)
Namibii (genitive singular)
Namibii (dative singular)
Namibię (accusative singular)
Namibią (instrumental singular)
Namibii (locative singular)
Namibio (singular vocative)


Nigeria

Nigeria (nominative singular)
Nigerii (genitive singular)
Nigerii (dative singular)
Nigerię (accusative singular)
Nigerią (instrumental singular)
Nigerii (locative singular)
Nigerio (singular vocative)

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Gambia

Gambia (nominative singular)
Gambie (nominative plural)
Gambii (genitive singular)
Gambii (genitive plural)
Gambii (dative singular)
Gambiom (dative plural)
Gambię (accusative singular)
Gambie (accusative plural)
Gambią (instrumental singular)
Gambiami (instrumental plural)
Gambii (locative singular)
Gambiach (locative plural)
Gambio (singular vocative)
Gambie (plural vocative)


Angola

Angola (nominative singular)
Angoli (genitive singular)
Angoli (dative singular)
Angolę (accusative singular)
Angolą (instrumental singular)
Angoli (locative singular)
Angolo (singular vocative)

From Portuguese (Reino de) Angola (“(kingdom of) Angola”).


Tanzania

Tanzania (nominative singular)
Tanzanii (genitive singular)
Tanzanii (dative singular)
Tanzanię (accusative singular)
Tanzanią (instrumental singular)
Tanzanii (locative singular)
Tanzanio (singular vocative)


Zambia

Zambia (nominative singular)
Zambii (genitive singular)
Zambii (dative singular)
Zambię (accusative singular)
Zambią (instrumental singular)
Zambii (locative singular)
Zambio (singular vocative)


Rwanda

Rwanda (nominative singular)
Rwandy (genitive singular)
Rwandzie (dative singular)
Rwandę (accusative singular)
Rwandą (instrumental singular)
Rwandzie (locative singular)
Rwando (singular vocative)


Liberia

Liberia (nominative singular)
Liberii (genitive singular)
Liberii (dative singular)
Liberię (accusative singular)
Liberią (instrumental singular)
Liberii (locative singular)
Liberio (singular vocative)


Mongolia

Mongolia (nominative singular)
Mongolii (genitive singular)
Mongolii (dative singular)
Mongolię (accusative singular)
Mongolią (instrumental singular)
Mongolii (locative singular)
Mongolio (singular vocative)


Uganda

Uganda (nominative singular)
Ugandy (genitive singular)
Ugandzie (dative singular)
Ugandę (accusative singular)
Ugandą (instrumental singular)
Ugandzie (locative singular)
Ugando (singular vocative)

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


FIFA

Orthographic borrowing from French FIFA.


Syria

Syria (nominative singular)
Syrii (genitive singular)
Syrii (dative singular)
Syrię (accusative singular)
Syrią (instrumental singular)
Syrii (locative singular)
Syrio (singular vocative)

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

Armenia (nominative singular)
Armenie (nominative plural)
Armenii (genitive singular)
Armenii (genitive plural)
Armenij (archaic genitive plural)
Armenii (dative singular)
Armeniom (dative plural)
Armenię (accusative singular)
Armenie (accusative plural)
Armenią (instrumental singular)
Armeniami (instrumental plural)
Armenii (locative singular)
Armeniach (locative plural)
Armenio (singular vocative)
Armenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Panama

Panama (nominative singular)
Panamy (genitive singular)
Panamie (dative singular)
Panamę (accusative singular)
Panamą (instrumental singular)
Panamie (locative singular)
Panamo (singular vocative)

Panama City (the capital and largest city of Panama)


Somalia

Somalia (nominative singular)
Somalii (genitive singular)
Somalii (dative singular)
Somalię (accusative singular)
Somalią (instrumental singular)
Somalii (locative singular)
Somalio (singular vocative)

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Albania

Albania (nominative singular)
Albanie (nominative plural)
Albanii (genitive singular)
Albanii (genitive plural)
Albanii (dative singular)
Albaniom (dative plural)
Albanię (accusative singular)
Albanie (accusative plural)
Albanią (instrumental singular)
Albaniami (instrumental plural)
Albanii (locative singular)
Albaniach (locative plural)
Albanio (singular vocative)
Albanie (plural vocative)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso (nominative singular)
Burkiny Faso (genitive singular)
Burkinie Faso (dative singular)
Burkinę Faso (accusative singular)
Burkiną Faso (instrumental singular)
Burkinie Faso (locative singular)
Burkino Faso (singular vocative)

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (nominative singular)
Sri Lanki (genitive singular)
Sri Lance (dative singular)
Sri Lankę (accusative singular)
Sri Lanką (instrumental singular)
Sri Lance (locative singular)
Sri Lanko (singular vocative)

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Grenada

Grenada (nominative singular)
Grenady (nominative plural)
Grenady (genitive singular)
Grenad (genitive plural)
Grenadzie (dative singular)
Grenadom (dative plural)
Grenadę (accusative singular)
Grenady (accusative plural)
Grenadą (instrumental singular)
Grenadami (instrumental plural)
Grenadzie (locative singular)
Grenadach (locative plural)
Grenado (singular vocative)
Grenady (plural vocative)

Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Malta

maltański (adjective)
Malta (nominative singular)
Malty (genitive singular)
Malcie (dative singular)
Maltę (accusative singular)
Maltą (instrumental singular)
Malcie (locative singular)
Malto (singular vocative)

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Macedonia

pl-prop

Macedonia f (related adjective macedoński)

macedoński (adjective)
Macedonia (nominative singular)
Macedonii (genitive singular)
Macedonii (dative singular)
Macedonię (accusative singular)
Macedonią (instrumental singular)
Macedonii (locative singular)
Macedonio (singular vocative)

Macedonia (a region in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and Serbia)

Macedonia (an ancient kingdom in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (an administrative region of Greece)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


henna

henna (nominative singular)
henny (genitive singular)
hennie (dative singular)
hennę (accusative singular)
henną (instrumental singular)
hennie (locative singular)
henno (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English henna, French henné, German Henna, ultimately from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ), probably from Middle Persian hndʾd (*hannāy-).

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


Australia

Australia (nominative singular)
Australii (genitive singular)
Australii (dative singular)
Australię (accusative singular)
Australią (instrumental singular)
Australii (locative singular)
Australio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita.

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


tuba

tubka (diminutive)
tuba (nominative singular)
tuby (nominative plural)
tuby (genitive singular)
tub (genitive plural)
tubie (dative singular)
tubom (dative plural)
tubę (accusative singular)
tuby (accusative plural)
tubą (instrumental singular)
tubami (instrumental plural)
tubie (locative singular)
tubach (locative plural)
tubo (singular vocative)
tuby (plural vocative)


magenta

magenta (nominative singular)
magenty (genitive singular)
magencie (dative singular)
magentę (accusative singular)
magentą (instrumental singular)
magencie (locative singular)
magento (singular vocative)


Georgia

Georgia (nominative singular)
Georgii (genitive singular)
Georgii (dative singular)
Georgię (accusative singular)
Georgią (instrumental singular)
Georgii (locative singular)
Georgio (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Georgia.

ubor

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


koala

koala (nominative singular)
koale (nominative plural)
koali (genitive singular)
koali (genitive plural)
koali (dative singular)
koalom (dative plural)
koalę (accusative singular)
koale (accusative plural)
koalą (instrumental singular)
koalami (instrumental plural)
koali (locative singular)
koalach (locative plural)
koalo (singular vocative)
koale (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kòala

Borrowed from English koala, from Dharug gula or gulawany.


zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebry (nominative plural)
zebry (genitive singular)
zebr (genitive plural)
zebrze (dative singular)
zebrom (dative plural)
zebrę (accusative singular)
zebry (accusative plural)
zebrą (instrumental singular)
zebrami (instrumental plural)
zebrze (locative singular)
zebrach (locative plural)
zebro (singular vocative)
zebry (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: zebra

zebra (any equid of the subgenus Hippotigris)

(colloquial) crosswalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing (pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes)


baby

inflection of baba:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamy (nominative plural)
lamy (genitive singular)
lam (genitive plural)
lamie (dative singular)
lamom (dative plural)
lamę (accusative singular)
lamy (accusative plural)
lamą (instrumental singular)
lamami (instrumental plural)
lamie (locative singular)
lamach (locative plural)
lamo (singular vocative)
lamy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: lama


lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamy (genitive singular)
lamie (dative singular)
lamę (accusative singular)
lamą (instrumental singular)
lamie (locative singular)
lamo (singular vocative)


Korea

Korea (nominative singular)
Koree (nominative plural)
Korei (genitive singular)
Korei (genitive plural)
Korei (dative singular)
Koreom (dative plural)
Koreę (accusative singular)
Koree (accusative plural)
Koreą (instrumental singular)
Koreami (instrumental plural)
Korei (locative singular)
Koreach (locative plural)
Koreo (singular vocative)
Koree (plural vocative)

(historical) Korea (“an ancient country in East Asia”)

(informal) Korea (two countries in East Asia, North Korea and South Korea)


pupa

pupcia (diminutive)
pupka (diminutive)
pupa (nominative singular)
pupy (nominative plural)
pupy (genitive singular)
pup (genitive plural)
pupie (dative singular)
pupom (dative plural)
pupę (accusative singular)
pupy (accusative plural)
pupą (instrumental singular)
pupami (instrumental plural)
pupie (locative singular)
pupach (locative plural)
pupo (singular vocative)
pupy (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from German Popo. According to Pokorny, cognate with Latin puppis (possibly) and Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “the last”), from a common Proto-Indo-European *pu (“turned away”) << *h₂epó (“away, off”).

cog

(anatomy, euphemistic, somewhat childish) bum, rear, buttocks


sepia

sepia (nominative singular)
sepie (nominative plural)
sepii (genitive singular)
sepii (genitive plural)
sepij (archaic genitive plural)
sepii (dative singular)
sepiom (dative plural)
sepię (accusative singular)
sepie (accusative plural)
sepią (instrumental singular)
sepiami (instrumental plural)
sepii (locative singular)
sepiach (locative plural)
sepio (singular vocative)
sepie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēpia, from Ancient Greek σηπία (sēpía).


Abdera

Abdera (nominative singular)
Abdery (genitive singular)
Abderze (dative singular)
Abderę (accusative singular)
Abderą (instrumental singular)
Abderze (locative singular)
Abdero (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄβδηρα (Ábdēra).

lbor

Abdera (an ancient city in Thrace, in modern Greece)

miasto Abdera

mieszkaniec Abdery

Abdera (a modern municipality of Xanthi, in the administrative region of Thrace, Greece)


tortilla

tortilla (nominative singular)
tortille (nominative plural)
tortilli (genitive singular)
tortilli (genitive plural)
tortill (genitive plural)
tortilli (dative singular)
tortillom (dative plural)
tortillę (accusative singular)
tortille (accusative plural)
tortillą (instrumental singular)
tortillami (instrumental plural)
tortilli (locative singular)
tortillach (locative plural)
tortillo (singular vocative)
tortille (plural vocative)

tortilla (flat round bread made out of cornmeal or flour)

tortilla, Spanish omelette (molded omelette made with the addition of fried potatoes and often onions)


Tasmania

Tasmania (nominative singular)
Tasmanii (genitive singular)
Tasmanii (dative singular)
Tasmanię (accusative singular)
Tasmanią (instrumental singular)
Tasmanii (locative singular)
Tasmanio (singular vocative)

Tasmania (a state and island in Australia)


marina

marina (nominative singular)
mariny (nominative plural)
mariny (genitive singular)
marin (genitive plural)
marinie (dative singular)
marinom (dative plural)
marinę (accusative singular)
mariny (accusative plural)
mariną (instrumental singular)
marinami (instrumental plural)
marinie (locative singular)
marinach (locative plural)
marino (singular vocative)
mariny (plural vocative)

(nautical) marina (harbour for small boats)

(painting) painting with a maritime theme


salsa

salsa (nominative singular)
salsy (nominative plural)
salsy (genitive singular)
sals (genitive plural)
salsie (dative singular)
salsom (dative plural)
salsę (accusative singular)
salsy (accusative plural)
salsą (instrumental singular)
salsami (instrumental plural)
salsie (locative singular)
salsach (locative plural)
salso (singular vocative)
salsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish salsa, from Latin salsus (“salted”). Doublet of sos (“sauce”).


familia

pl-noun

familia f (diminutive familijka, related adjective familijny)

familijka (diminutive)
familijny (adjective)
familia (nominative singular)
familie (nominative plural)
familii (genitive singular)
familii (genitive plural)
familij (archaic genitive plural)
familii (dative singular)
familiom (dative plural)
familię (accusative singular)
familie (accusative plural)
familią (instrumental singular)
familiami (instrumental plural)
familii (locative singular)
familiach (locative plural)
familio (singular vocative)
familie (plural vocative)


galaktyka

galaktyka (nominative singular)
galaktyki (nominative plural)
galaktyki (genitive singular)
galaktyk (genitive plural)
galaktyce (dative singular)
galaktykom (dative plural)
galaktykę (accusative singular)
galaktyki (accusative plural)
galaktyką (instrumental singular)
galaktykami (instrumental plural)
galaktyce (locative singular)
galaktykach (locative plural)
galaktyko (singular vocative)
galaktyki (plural vocative)

Adapted borrowing of Ancient Greek γαλακτικός (galaktikós) + -ny.

af

grc:γαλακτικός


siostra

siostrzyczka (diminutive)
siostra (nominative singular)
siostry (nominative plural)
siostry (genitive singular)
sióstr (genitive plural)
siostrze (dative singular)
siostrom (dative plural)
siostrę (accusative singular)
siostry (accusative plural)
siostrą (instrumental singular)
siostrami (instrumental plural)
siostrze (locative singular)
siostrach (locative plural)
siostro (singular vocative)
siostry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


miłość

miłość (nominative singular)
miłości (nominative plural)
miłości (genitive singular)
miłości (genitive plural)
miłości (dative singular)
miłościom (dative plural)
miłość (accusative singular)
miłości (accusative plural)
miłością (instrumental singular)
miłościami (instrumental plural)
miłości (locative singular)
miłościach (locative plural)
miłości (singular vocative)
miłości (plural vocative)

/ˈmi.ɫɔɕt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish miłość, from Proto-Slavic *milostь, from *milъ (“sweet, dear”) + *-ostь. By surface analysis, miły + -ość.


dziewczyna

pl-noun

dziewczyna f (diminutive dziewczynka, related adjective dziewczęcy or dziewczyński)

dziewczynka (diminutive)
dziewczęcy (adjective)
dziewczyński (adjective)
dziewczyna (nominative singular)
dziewczyny (nominative plural)
dziewczyny (genitive singular)
dziewczyn (genitive plural)
dziewczynie (dative singular)
dziewczynom (dative plural)
dziewczynę (accusative singular)
dziewczyny (accusative plural)
dziewczyną (instrumental singular)
dziewczynami (instrumental plural)
dziewczynie (locative singular)
dziewczynach (locative plural)
dziewczyno (singular vocative)
dziewczyny (plural vocative)

From dziewka + -yna. Compare Slovak dievčina.

Coordinate term: chłopak

Coordinate term: chłopak


kaczka

kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)

Probably onomatopoeic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


mrówka

mrówka f (diminutive mróweczka, augmentative mrówa)

mróweczka (diminutive)
mrówa (augmentative)
mrówka (nominative singular)
mrówki (nominative plural)
mrówki (genitive singular)
mrówek (genitive plural)
mrówce (dative singular)
mrówkom (dative plural)
mrówkę (accusative singular)
mrówki (accusative plural)
mrówką (instrumental singular)
mrówkami (instrumental plural)
mrówce (locative singular)
mrówkach (locative plural)
mrówko (singular vocative)
mrówki (plural vocative)

From mrowa + -ka, from Proto-Slavic *morvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *morwi-.

ant, formicid (insect belonging to the family Formicidae)

(by extension) someone who is hardworking and persistent; a busy bee


książeczka

książeczka (nominative singular)
książeczki (nominative plural)
książeczki (genitive singular)
książeczek (genitive plural)
książeczce (dative singular)
książeczkom (dative plural)
książeczkę (accusative singular)
książeczki (accusative plural)
książeczką (instrumental singular)
książeczkami (instrumental plural)
książeczce (locative singular)
książeczkach (locative plural)
książeczko (singular vocative)
książeczki (plural vocative)

/kɕɔw̃ˈʐɛt͡ʂ.ka/


dziwka

dziwka f (diminutive dziweczka, augmentative dziwa)

dziweczka (diminutive)
dziwa (augmentative)
dziwka (nominative singular)
dziwki (nominative plural)
dziwki (genitive singular)
dziwek (genitive plural)
dziwce (dative singular)
dziwkom (dative plural)
dziwkę (accusative singular)
dziwki (accusative plural)
dziwką (instrumental singular)
dziwkami (instrumental plural)
dziwce (locative singular)
dziwkach (locative plural)
dziwko (singular vocative)
dziwki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish dziéwka, from Proto-Slavic *děvъka. Doublet of dziewka (“girl”).


prostytutka

prostytutka (nominative singular)
prostytutki (nominative plural)
prostytutki (genitive singular)
prostytutek (genitive plural)
prostytutce (dative singular)
prostytutkom (dative plural)
prostytutkę (accusative singular)
prostytutki (accusative plural)
prostytutką (instrumental singular)
prostytutkami (instrumental plural)
prostytutce (locative singular)
prostytutkach (locative plural)
prostytutko (singular vocative)
prostytutki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English prostitute, from French prostituée, from Latin prōstitūtus, past participle of prōstituō.

(colloquial, derogatory, figuratively) venal person


szklanka

szklaneczka (diminutive)
szklanka (nominative singular)
szklanki (nominative plural)
szklanki (genitive singular)
szklanek (genitive plural)
szklance (dative singular)
szklankom (dative plural)
szklankę (accusative singular)
szklanki (accusative plural)
szklanką (instrumental singular)
szklankami (instrumental plural)
szklance (locative singular)
szklankach (locative plural)
szklanko (singular vocative)
szklanki (plural vocative)

glass (vessel having a capacity of roughly 250 ml)


dyskietka

dyskietka (nominative singular)
dyskietki (nominative plural)
dyskietki (genitive singular)
dyskietek (genitive plural)
dyskietce (dative singular)
dyskietkom (dative plural)
dyskietkę (accusative singular)
dyskietki (accusative plural)
dyskietką (instrumental singular)
dyskietkami (instrumental plural)
dyskietce (locative singular)
dyskietkach (locative plural)
dyskietko (singular vocative)
dyskietki (plural vocative)


łyżeczka

łyżeczka (nominative singular)
łyżeczki (nominative plural)
łyżeczki (genitive singular)
łyżeczek (genitive plural)
łyżeczce (dative singular)
łyżeczkom (dative plural)
łyżeczkę (accusative singular)
łyżeczki (accusative plural)
łyżeczką (instrumental singular)
łyżeczkami (instrumental plural)
łyżeczce (locative singular)
łyżeczkach (locative plural)
łyżeczko (singular vocative)
łyżeczki (plural vocative)


drukarka

drukarka (nominative singular)
drukarki (nominative plural)
drukarki (genitive singular)
drukarek (genitive plural)
drukarce (dative singular)
drukarkom (dative plural)
drukarkę (accusative singular)
drukarki (accusative plural)
drukarką (instrumental singular)
drukarkami (instrumental plural)
drukarce (locative singular)
drukarkach (locative plural)
drukarko (singular vocative)
drukarki (plural vocative)


wysokość

wysokość f (related adjective wysokościowy)

wysokościowy (adjective)
wysokość (nominative singular)
wysokości (nominative plural)
wysokości (genitive singular)
wysokości (genitive plural)
wysokości (dative singular)
wysokościom (dative plural)
wysokość (accusative singular)
wysokości (accusative plural)
wysokością (instrumental singular)
wysokościami (instrumental plural)
wysokości (locative singular)
wysokościach (locative plural)
wysokości (singular vocative)
wysokości (plural vocative)

/vɨˈsɔ.kɔɕt͡ɕ/

/vɨˈsɔ.kɔɕt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish wysokość. By surface analysis, wysoki + -ość. Compare Czech vysokost, Kashubian wësokòsc, and Russian высо́кость (vysókostʹ).

height (distance from the base of something to the top of said thing)

height (distance from the base of something to a chosen point)

height, altitude (distance from the surface of the Earth)

highness (size or intensity of something, especially of a figure on a scale)

(music) highness; pitch (trait of a sound resulting from a high frequency; perceived frequency of a sound)

(mathematics) height (amplitude of a sine function)


krowa

krowa f (diminutive krówka, augmentative krówsko, related adjective krowi)

krówka (diminutive)
krówsko (augmentative)
krowi (adjective)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krów (genitive plural)
krowie (dative singular)
krowom (dative plural)
krowę (accusative singular)
krowy (accusative plural)
krową (instrumental singular)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowie (locative singular)
krowach (locative plural)
krowo (singular vocative)
krowy (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: byk

cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved)

(informal) cow (any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves)

cow (female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants)

(colloquial, offensive) cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)

(colloquial) large bottle of vodka (0.7 litre or more)

(colloquial, derogatory) object that is too large or too heavy and therefore of little use

(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)


cebulka

cebulka (nominative singular)
cebulki (nominative plural)
cebulki (genitive singular)
cebulek (genitive plural)
cebulce (dative singular)
cebulkom (dative plural)
cebulkę (accusative singular)
cebulki (accusative plural)
cebulką (instrumental singular)
cebulkami (instrumental plural)
cebulce (locative singular)
cebulkach (locative plural)
cebulko (singular vocative)
cebulki (plural vocative)


kobieta

kobieta f (diminutive kobietka, augmentative kobiecisko, related adjective kobiecki or kobiecy)

kobietka (diminutive)
kobiecisko (augmentative)
kobiecki (adjective)
kobiecy (adjective)
kobieta (nominative singular)
kobiety (nominative plural)
kobiety (genitive singular)
kobiet (genitive plural)
kobiecie (dative singular)
kobietom (dative plural)
kobietę (accusative singular)
kobiety (accusative plural)
kobietą (instrumental singular)
kobietami (instrumental plural)
kobiecie (locative singular)
kobietach (locative plural)
kobieto (singular vocative)
kobiety (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: кабе́та (kabjéta)

→ Kashubian: kòbiéta

→ Masurian: kobziéta

→ Silesian: kobiyta

→ Slovincian: kôbjéta

→ Ukrainian: кобі́та (kobíta)

Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
pl:Ida Kurcz

Uncertain. Displaced niewiasta (now considered poetic) and żona (meaning narrowed down to “wife”). Popularized by the Polish Romantic writers in the 19th century. First attested in 1545.
* Possibly from Old Polish kob (“pigpen”) or koba (“mare”) (the ending -ieta is found in some contemporaneous female names (e.g. Markieta, Elżbieta, Greta)); however, this theory has been rejected by most etymologists. Compare kobiałka.
* Boryś asserts the term is a Polish innovation with an unclear root kob- and potentially the original suffix being extended with -ita (compare Middle Polish kobita and najmita), but he rejects the existence of the suffix -ita.
* Bańkowski asserts that the term is not native and suggests Germanic origin, possibly a compound of Middle High German kobe (“sty, shed”) (compare modern German Koben) and *geit (“goat”) (compare modern Dutch geit), originally meaning “a pen for goats” but also, derogatorily, “an enclosure for service maidens”; however, he also questions why the form is -bie- and not -be-.
* Sławski also rejects native origin but is ultimately unable to draw connections to other languages.
* Długosz-Kurczabowa thinks the word may be of native origin, specifically a compound of Proto-Slavic *kobь (“bird-flight divination”) and *věta (“fairy”), but she also does not reject the possibility of foreign origin, suggesting, e.g., Old High German gambetta (“concubine”) or even Finnish kave (“a creature related to the moon, sky, or air”) and Estonian kabu (“castrated animal”) (compare also Proto-Samic *kāpëk), as the source.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “kobieta”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

der

Coordinate term: mężczyzna

Justyna Sieńczyłło opowiadała o wsparciu, jakie otrzymuje od kobiet, gdy walczy o utrzymanie teatru, który zakładała ze swoim mężem Emilianem Kamińskim, a także o tym, jakie decyzje repertuarowe podejmuje. – Nawet 80–90 proc. spektakli jest o kobietach. Bardzo mnie interesują kobiety, zresztą dla Emiliana również były ważne – mówiła. Z kolei opera – choć tak pełna kobiecych bohaterek – tworzona jest przez mężczyzn, męska perspektywa trzyma się tak mocno, że Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska jest jedną z nielicznych dyrektorek opery.
Justyna Sieńczyłło talked about the support she receives from women as she struggles to maintain the theater she founded with her husband Emilian Kamiński, and the repertoire decisions she makes. “Even 80–90 percent of the plays are about women. I am very interested in women, they were important for Emilian as well,” she said. On the other hand, opera, although so full of female characters, is created by men, the male perspective holds so strongly that Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska is one of the few female opera directors.

2023 November 10, Anna Zaleska, “Kobiety wiedzą, co robią w Poznaniu. Justyna Sieńczyłło: „Kobiety potrafią się wspierać” [FILM]”, in wysokieobcasy.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03

Papież Franciszek podczas czwartkowego spotkania z Międzynarodową Komisją Teologiczną w Watykanie podkreślił, że „Kościół jest kobietą” i wskazał, że maskulinizacja wspólnoty jest „jednym z wielkich grzechów”. – A jeśli nie zrozumiemy, kim jest kobieta lub czym jest teologia kobiety, nigdy nie zrozumiemy, czym jest Kościół – mówił Franciszek, cytowany przez eKAI.

2023 December 2, “Papież Franciszek wskazał „wielki grzech Kościoła”. W tle sprawa kobiet”, in onet.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03

Pope Francis, at a meeting with the International Theological Commission at the Vatican on Thursday, stressed that “the Church is a woman” and pointed out that the masculinization of the community is “one of the great sins.” “And if we do not understand who a woman is or what a woman's theology is, we will never understand what the Church is,” said Francis, as quoted by eKAI.

(Middle Polish, derogatory) promiscuous woman

woman (adult female human)
promiscuous woman

Jej słowa zabolały. Ale to, co zrobiła później, było jak cios w splot słoneczny. Chciałem ją przytulić, już zrobiłem krok w jej stronę... a ona się cofnęła. Kobieta, którą kochałem, wystraszyła się, że mogę ją uderzyć! Poczułem palący wstyd.

2023 December 16, “„Kobieta mojego życia odrzuciła moje oświadczyny. Załamałem się, bez niej moje życie nie miało sensu””, in kobieta.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-26

Her words hurt. But what she did next was like a blow to the solar plexus. I wanted to hug her, I had already taken a step toward her... and she backed away. The woman I loved was scared that I might hit her! I felt a burning shame.


długość

pl-noun

długość f (related adjective długościowy, abbreviation dług. or dł.)

długościowy (adjective)
dług. (abbreviation)
dł. (abbreviation)
długość (nominative singular)
długości (nominative plural)
długości (genitive singular)
długości (genitive plural)
długości (dative singular)
długościom (dative plural)
długość (accusative singular)
długości (accusative plural)
długością (instrumental singular)
długościami (instrumental plural)
długości (locative singular)
długościach (locative plural)
długości (singular vocative)
długości (plural vocative)

/ˈdɫu.ɡɔɕt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish długość. By surface analysis, długi + -ość.

(countable) length (distance measured along the longest dimension of an object)

(uncountable) lengthiness; length (quality of being long in space)

(uncountable) lengthiness; length (quality of being long in time)

(countable) length (distance as determined by an object serving as a unit)

(Middle Polish) length; Further details are uncertain.


wiosna

wiosenka (diminutive)
wiosna (nominative singular)
wiosny (nominative plural)
wiosny (genitive singular)
wiosen (genitive plural)
wiośnie (dative singular)
wiosnom (dative plural)
wiosnę (accusative singular)
wiosny (accusative plural)
wiosną (instrumental singular)
wiosnami (instrumental plural)
wiośnie (locative singular)
wiosnach (locative plural)
wiosno (singular vocative)
wiosny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wiosna, from Proto-Slavic *vesna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *was(e)r, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.


fizyka

fizyka (nominative singular)
fizyki (nominative plural)
fizyki (genitive singular)
fizyk (genitive plural)
fizyce (dative singular)
fizykom (dative plural)
fizykę (accusative singular)
fizyki (accusative plural)
fizyką (instrumental singular)
fizykami (instrumental plural)
fizyce (locative singular)
fizykach (locative plural)
fizyko (singular vocative)
fizyki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin physica, from Ancient Greek φυσική (phusikḗ).

Madlen studiuje fizykę na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim.

Madlen studies physics at the University of Vienna.


czekolada

czekolada f (diminutive czekoladka, related adjective czekoladowy)

czekoladka (diminutive)
czekoladowy (adjective)
czekolada (nominative singular)
czekolady (nominative plural)
czekolady (genitive singular)
czekolad (genitive plural)
czekoladzie (dative singular)
czekoladom (dative plural)
czekoladę (accusative singular)
czekolady (accusative plural)
czekoladą (instrumental singular)
czekoladami (instrumental plural)
czekoladzie (locative singular)
czekoladach (locative plural)
czekolado (singular vocative)
czekolady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian cioccolata, from Spanish chocolate, from Classical Nahuatl chocolātl.

(uncountable) chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)

(countable) chocolate (drink made by dissolving this food in boiling milk or water)


herbatka

herbatka (nominative singular)
herbatki (nominative plural)
herbatki (genitive singular)
herbatek (genitive plural)
herbatce (dative singular)
herbatkom (dative plural)
herbatkę (accusative singular)
herbatki (accusative plural)
herbatką (instrumental singular)
herbatkami (instrumental plural)
herbatce (locative singular)
herbatkach (locative plural)
herbatko (singular vocative)
herbatki (plural vocative)


matematyka

matematyka (nominative singular)
matematyki (genitive singular)
matematyce (dative singular)
matematykę (accusative singular)
matematyką (instrumental singular)
matematyce (locative singular)
matematyko (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mathēmatica.

lbor

(education) mathematics (school subject)


klawiatura

klawiatura (nominative singular)
klawiatury (nominative plural)
klawiatury (genitive singular)
klawiatur (genitive plural)
klawiaturze (dative singular)
klawiaturom (dative plural)
klawiaturę (accusative singular)
klawiatury (accusative plural)
klawiaturą (instrumental singular)
klawiaturami (instrumental plural)
klawiaturze (locative singular)
klawiaturach (locative plural)
klawiaturo (singular vocative)
klawiatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Klaviatur, from Latin clāvis.


wieża

wieżyczka (diminutive)
wieża (nominative singular)
wieże (nominative plural)
wieży (genitive singular)
wież (genitive plural)
wieży (dative singular)
wieżom (dative plural)
wieżę (accusative singular)
wieże (accusative plural)
wieżą (instrumental singular)
wieżami (instrumental plural)
wieży (locative singular)
wieżach (locative plural)
wieżo (singular vocative)
wieże (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wieża, from Proto-Slavic *věža.


podłoga

podłogowy (adjective)
podłoga (nominative singular)
podłogi (nominative plural)
podłogi (genitive singular)
podłog (genitive plural)
podłodze (dative singular)
podłogom (dative plural)
podłogę (accusative singular)
podłogi (accusative plural)
podłogą (instrumental singular)
podłogami (instrumental plural)
podłodze (locative singular)
podłogach (locative plural)
podłogo (singular vocative)
podłogi (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: падло́га (padlóha)

→ Ukrainian: підло́га (pidlóha)

→ Yiddish: פּאָדלאָגע (podloge)

(architecture) floor (supporting surface of a room)


cebula

pl-noun

cebula f (diminutive cebulka, related adjective cebulowy)

cebulka (diminutive)
cebulowy (adjective)
cebula (nominative singular)
cebule (nominative plural)
cebuli (genitive singular)
cebul (genitive plural)
cebuli (genitive plural)
cebuli (dative singular)
cebulom (dative plural)
cebulę (accusative singular)
cebule (accusative plural)
cebulą (instrumental singular)
cebulami (instrumental plural)
cebuli (locative singular)
cebulach (locative plural)
cebulo (singular vocative)
cebule (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja), цебу́лꙗ (cebúlja), цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja)
Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)
Carpathian Rusyn: цибу́ля (cybúlja)
Ukrainian: цибу́ля (cybúlja); цебу́ля (cebúlja) (dialectal)
→ Russian: цибу́ля (cibúlja) (dialectal)

Inherited from Old Polish cebula, from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla, from Latin cēpa.

der

cebula tulipana

(architecture) onion-shaped dome of a building

(colloquial) turnip (old-fashioned pocket watch)


Victoria

Victoria (nominative singular)
Victorii (genitive singular)
Victorii (dative singular)
Victorię (accusative singular)
Victorią (instrumental singular)
Victorii (locative singular)
Victorio (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Victoria, from Latin Victōria, from victōria.

ubor

Victoria (the capital city of Seychelles)


książka

książeczka (diminutive)
książka (nominative singular)
książki (nominative plural)
książki (genitive singular)
książek (genitive plural)
książce (dative singular)
książkom (dative plural)
książkę (accusative singular)
książki (accusative plural)
książką (instrumental singular)
książkami (instrumental plural)
książce (locative singular)
książkach (locative plural)
książko (singular vocative)
książki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish książka. By surface analysis, księga + -ka.

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc.)

book (long work fit for publication, typically prose, such as a novel or textbook, and typically published as such a bound collection of sheets)

Leucanthemum vulgare
Leucanthemum vulgare#Translingual

(Middle Polish, in the plural) oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)


chemia

chemia (nominative singular)
chemii (genitive singular)
chemii (dative singular)
chemię (accusative singular)
chemią (instrumental singular)
chemii (locative singular)
chemio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin chēmia. Doublet of alchemia.


prezerwatywa

prezerwatywa (nominative singular)
prezerwatywy (nominative plural)
prezerwatywy (genitive singular)
prezerwatyw (genitive plural)
prezerwatywie (dative singular)
prezerwatywom (dative plural)
prezerwatywę (accusative singular)
prezerwatywy (accusative plural)
prezerwatywą (instrumental singular)
prezerwatywami (instrumental plural)
prezerwatywie (locative singular)
prezerwatywach (locative plural)
prezerwatywo (singular vocative)
prezerwatywy (plural vocative)


herbata

pl-noun

herbata f (diminutive herbatka, augmentative herbacina, related adjective herbaciany or herbatni or herbatowy)

herbatka (diminutive)
herbacina (augmentative)
herbaciany (adjective)
herbatni (adjective)
herbatowy (adjective)
herbata (nominative singular)
herbaty (nominative plural)
herbaty (genitive singular)
herbat (genitive plural)
herbacie (dative singular)
herbatom (dative plural)
herbatę (accusative singular)
herbaty (accusative plural)
herbatą (instrumental singular)
herbatami (instrumental plural)
herbacie (locative singular)
herbatach (locative plural)
herbato (singular vocative)
herbaty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: гарба́та (harbáta)

desc

→ Kashubian: arbata, rabata, erbata, rebata

→ Lithuanian: arbata

→ Samogitian: erbeta

→ Ukrainian: герба́та (herbáta)

Learned borrowing from New Latin herba thea, the second element from Dutch thee, from Malay teh, from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

lbor

Tradycyjna herbata to napar przygotowywany z liści lub pąków krzewu herbacianego (Camellia sinensis). Gatunek wywodzący się z Chin jest obecnie uprawiany w dziesiątkach krajów, stając się jedną z najważniejszych i najbardziej rozpowszechnionych roślin uprawnych na Ziemi.

2023 September 13, “RODZAJE HERBAT: Od liścia do filiżanki”, in demmers.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25

Traditional tea is an infusion prepared from the leaves or buds of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The species, which originated in China, is now cultivated in dozens of countries, becoming one of the most important and widespread crops on Earth.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

(uncountable) tea, tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Rodzaje herbaty chińskiej różni sposób zbioru, który często odbywa się o odmiennych porach roku i z określonych miejsc na gałązce, a następnie specjalny sposób przetwarzania z zastosowaniem wielu etapów. Każda z nich występuje też w licznych wersjach, często diametralnie różniących się smakiem. Nie tylko przygotowuje się z nich napar, ale także spożywa wraz z napojem, jak ma to miejsce w przypadku zielonej herbaty matcha. Obróbka liści herbaty wpływa nie tylko na wygląd i smak tego, co zaparzamy, ale również na właściwości uzyskanego napoju.

2023 October 25, Anna Rokicka-Żuk, “Z tą herbatą schudniesz bez trudu. Pij na spalanie tłuszczu z brzucha i zobacz, ile kilogramów możesz stracić”, in szczecinek.naszemiasto.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25

The types of Chinese tea differ in the way they are harvested, which is often at different times of the year and from specific locations on the branch, followed by special processing with multiple steps. Each of them also comes in numerous versions, often differing dramatically in taste. They are not only made into an infusion but also consumed together with the drink, as is the case with matcha. The processing of tea leaves affects not only the appearance and taste of what we brew but also the properties of the resulting beverage.

(countable) tea (dried leaves of the tea plant)

Jesienią i zimą sięgamy po domowe sposoby na podniesienie odporności. Jednym z nich jest picie herbaty z dodatkiem cytryny, miodu i imbiru. Każdy z tych składników pomoże również na łagodzenie objawów przeziębienia. Pamiętajmy jednak o kilku zasadach, by cytryna, miód i imbir mogły jak najlepiej zadziałać.

2023 October 23, Klaudia Katarzyńska, “Herbata z miodem, cytryną i imbirem. PRZEPIS jest prosty, ale prawie wszyscy robią ten błąd”, in gotowanie.dziennik.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25

In autumn and winter, we turn to home remedies to boost our immunity. One of them is to drink tea with lemon, honey, and ginger. Each of these ingredients will also help relieve cold symptoms. However, we should remember a few rules so that lemon, honey, and ginger can work best.

(countable) tea (drink made from leaves of the tea plant)

(countable) tea (infusion of various herbs)

(countable) tea (cup of a drink made from other plants)

(uncountable) tea (modest afternoon party)


łyżka

pl-noun

łyżka f (diminutive łyżeczka, augmentative łycha)

łyżeczka (diminutive)
łycha (augmentative)
łyżka (nominative singular)
łyżki (nominative plural)
łyżki (genitive singular)
łyżek (genitive plural)
łyżce (dative singular)
łyżkom (dative plural)
łyżkę (accusative singular)
łyżki (accusative plural)
łyżką (instrumental singular)
łyżkami (instrumental plural)
łyżce (locative singular)
łyżkach (locative plural)
łyżko (singular vocative)
łyżki (plural vocative)

bucket, scoop (part of a piece of machinery that resembles a bucket)

(Middle Polish) device for cleaning one's ear


szkoła

szkoła f (diminutive szkółka, augmentative szkolisko)

szkółka (diminutive)
szkolisko (augmentative)
szkoła (nominative singular)
szkoły (nominative plural)
szkoły (genitive singular)
szkół (genitive plural)
szkole (dative singular)
szkołom (dative plural)
szkołę (accusative singular)
szkoły (accusative plural)
szkołą (instrumental singular)
szkołami (instrumental plural)
szkole (locative singular)
szkołach (locative plural)
szkoło (singular vocative)
szkoły (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: szkòła

desctree

→ Russian: шко́ла (škóla)
→ Bezhta: ишкола (iškola)
→ Ingrian: škoulu
→ Kildin Sami: шко̄ла (škōla)
→ Komi-Zyrian: школа (škola)
→ Skolt Sami: škooul
→ Yakut: оскуола (oskuola)

→ Slovincian: szkôla

Inherited from Old Polish szkoła. Doublet of schola.

school (educational institution)
school (establishment)

school (educational institution)
school (building)

school (educational institution)
school (students or faculty)

school (education taking place in the building)

school (educational institution)
school (lessons and activities)

schooling, education (skills and abilities acquired at school)

school, schooling, education (group of courses)

(chiefly art) school (community of creators using a similar method)

school (particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; followers of a doctrine)

book for learning how to play an instrument

school (non-formal environment or situation which teaches)


kurwa

pl-noun

kurwa f (diminutive kurewka, augmentative kurwisko)

kurewka (diminutive)
kurwisko (augmentative)
kurwa (nominative singular)
kurwy (nominative plural)
kurwy (genitive singular)
kurew (genitive plural)
kurw (genitive plural)
kurwie (dative singular)
kurwom (dative plural)
kurwę (accusative singular)
kurwy (accusative plural)
kurwą (instrumental singular)
kurwami (instrumental plural)
kurwie (locative singular)
kurwach (locative plural)
kurwo (singular vocative)
kurwy (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: קורווע (kurve)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“loved”), from *keh₂-. Cognate with Latin cārus, Latvian kārs. For semantic development, compare English whore.

Ziemię pomierzył i głębokie morze, / Wie, jako wstają i zachodzą zorze, / Wiatrom rozumie, praktykuje komu — / A sam nie widzi, że ma kurwę w domu.

16th century, Jan Kochanowski, Na matematyka)

He measured Earth and deep seas, / He knows how dawns rise and go down, / He understand winds, he gives practices, / But he do not sees he has whore in home.

(offensive, vulgar) bitch, slut, whore; term of abuse for women

(offensive, vulgar) a loathsome person, especially one who is unprincipled; someone who lacks integrity; gender-neutral


wódka

wódka f (diminutive wódeczka, augmentative wóda)

wódeczka (diminutive)
wóda (augmentative)
wódka (nominative singular)
wódki (nominative plural)
wódki (genitive singular)
wódek (genitive plural)
wódce (dative singular)
wódkom (dative plural)
wódkę (accusative singular)
wódki (accusative plural)
wódką (instrumental singular)
wódkami (instrumental plural)
wódce (locative singular)
wódkach (locative plural)
wódko (singular vocative)
wódki (plural vocative)


ściana

ściana f (diminutive ścianka, related adjective ścianowy or ścienny)

ścianka (diminutive)
ścianowy (adjective)
ścienny (adjective)
ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścian (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianom (dative plural)
ścianę (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianą (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ściana. Sense 9 is a semantic loan from English wall.

sl

wall (each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure)

wall (vertical field acting as a boundary of some object)

wall; face (very steep, almost vertical mountain slope)

(geometry) wall; face (any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron)

(anatomy, botany, zoology) wall (divisive or containing structure in an organ or cavity)

(mining) wall (exposed surface of the mineral deposit where it is being mined)

(literary) wall (large, compact mass of something that looks like a vertical plane and makes passage difficult)

(literary) wall (that which isolates and separates people socially)

(Internet) wall (personal notice board listing messages of interest to a particular user)

(obsolete) border (division between nations)

(Middle Polish) side (left or right part of something; particular face of something)


góra

pl-noun

góra f (diminutive górka, abbreviation g.)

górka (diminutive)
g. (abbreviation)
góra (nominative singular)
góry (nominative plural)
góry (genitive singular)
gór (genitive plural)
górze (dative singular)
górom (dative plural)
górę (accusative singular)
góry (accusative plural)
górą (instrumental singular)
górami (instrumental plural)
górze (locative singular)
górach (locative plural)
góro (singular vocative)
góry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish góra. Sense 5 is preserved in terms such as górnik and was displaced by kopalnia.

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze

góra z górą się nie zejdzie, ale człowiek

nie przyszła góra do Mahometa, przyszedł Mahomet do góry

Klasztor znajdował się na szczycie wysokiej góry.

The monastery was situated on the top of a high mountain.

(countable) mountain (elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit)

(uncountable) top (higher part of some object; upmost part of something)

Nie pomogę wam w tym projekcie, dopóki góra go nie przyklepie.

I won't help you with this project until the higher-ups sign off on it.

(uncountable, music) upper range of a singer

(countable, obsolete) upper course of a river

(countable, Middle Polish) beginning, start (first part of something; top of a piece of text)

Góra strony powinna być pusta.

(countable) pile (collection of things one on top of the other)

(in the plural) mountains, mountain range

obiecać złote góry/obiecywać złote góry

to promise the moon (literally, “to promise golden mines”)

(countable, obsolete) mine (place for extracting resources)

wziąć górę/brać górę

(countable, obsolete, except in set phrases) upper hand, advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end)

(countable, Middle Polish, geography) cape (piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake)

(Middle Polish) surface (external part of something)

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


kawa

kawa f (diminutive kawka or kawcia or kawunia or kawusia, related adjective kawowy)

kawka (diminutive)
kawcia (diminutive)
kawunia (diminutive)
kawusia (diminutive)
kawowy (adjective)
kawa (nominative singular)
kawy (nominative plural)
kawy (genitive singular)
kaw (genitive plural)
kawie (dative singular)
kawom (dative plural)
kawę (accusative singular)
kawy (accusative plural)
kawą (instrumental singular)
kawami (instrumental plural)
kawie (locative singular)
kawach (locative plural)
kawo (singular vocative)
kawy (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: קאַווע (kave)

table
Internationalism; compare Hungarian kávé, Serbo-Croatian kava, Turkish kahve, ultimately from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café.

(uncountable) coffee (beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water)

(countable) coffee (serving of this beverage)

(countable) coffee (act of drinking this beverage)

(countable) coffee (any plant of the genus Coffea)

(countable) coffee (seeds of the plant used to make coffee, called ‘beans’ due to their shape)

(countable) coffee-like beverage made from grains, seeds, or roots of various plants

(countable) short social gathering where coffee is served


kawa

kawa (nominative singular)
kawy (nominative plural)
kawy (genitive singular)
kaw (genitive plural)
kawie (dative singular)
kawom (dative plural)
kawę (accusative singular)
kawy (accusative plural)
kawą (instrumental singular)
kawami (instrumental plural)
kawie (locative singular)
kawach (locative plural)
kawo (singular vocative)
kawy (plural vocative)

(obsolete or dialectal) jackdaw (any corvid of the genus Coloeus)


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

(historical) Mediterranean Lingua Franca (common language spoken in Mediterranean ports in centuries past)

(linguistics) lingua franca (common language)


magia

magia (nominative singular)
magii (genitive singular)
magii (dative singular)
magię (accusative singular)
magią (instrumental singular)
magii (locative singular)
magio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía).

(occult) magic (use of supernatural rituals, forces etc.)

magic (extraordinary power of influence)

charm (quality of inspiring delight or admiration)


zima

zima (nominative singular)
zimy (nominative plural)
zimy (genitive singular)
zim (genitive plural)
zimie (dative singular)
zimom (dative plural)
zimę (accusative singular)
zimy (accusative plural)
zimą (instrumental singular)
zimami (instrumental plural)
zimie (locative singular)
zimach (locative plural)
zimo (singular vocative)
zimy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.


Alberta

Albert (masculine)
Alberta (nominative singular)
Alberty (nominative plural)
Alberty (genitive singular)
Albert (genitive plural)
Albercie (dative singular)
Albertom (dative plural)
Albertę (accusative singular)
Alberty (accusative plural)
Albertą (instrumental singular)
Albertami (instrumental plural)
Albercie (locative singular)
Albertach (locative plural)
Alberto (singular vocative)
Alberty (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Alberta


Alberta

Alberta (nominative singular)
Alberty (genitive singular)
Albercie (dative singular)
Albertę (accusative singular)
Albertą (instrumental singular)
Albercie (locative singular)
Alberto (singular vocative)


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or matula or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matula (diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable) mother (human female who begets a child)

(countable) mother (animal female that begets a child)

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)

(countable, religion) mother (chief nun)

(countable) mother (object or organization that is superior or exemplary in relation to other objects or organizations of this type, usually later created)

(countable, botany) mother (plant intended for seedlings)

(countable, games) captain (most important player or team manager)

(colloquial, endearing) term of endearment for one's wife, mother of children, or older woman; mother

(countable, figuratively) mother (one who acts like a mother)

(uncountable, obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


Canberra

Canberra (nominative singular)
Canberry (genitive singular)
Canberrze (dative singular)
Canberrę (accusative singular)
Canberrą (instrumental singular)
Canberrze (locative singular)
Canberro (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Canberra, from Ngunawal kamberra.

ubor

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


lampa

pl-noun

lampa f (diminutive lampka, related adjective lampowy)

lampka (diminutive)
lampowy (adjective)
lampa (nominative singular)
lampy (nominative plural)
lampy (genitive singular)
lamp (genitive plural)
lampie (dative singular)
lampom (dative plural)
lampę (accusative singular)
lampy (accusative plural)
lampą (instrumental singular)
lampami (instrumental plural)
lampie (locative singular)
lampach (locative plural)
lampo (singular vocative)
lampy (plural vocative)

lamp (piece of furniture including one or more electric light sources)

device containing oil, burnt through a wick for illumination; an oil lamp

lampa elektronowa

lamp (device that generates heat, light or other radiation)


pizza

pizza (nominative singular)
pizze (nominative plural)
pizzy (genitive singular)
pizz (genitive plural)
pizzy (dative singular)
pizzom (dative plural)
pizzę (accusative singular)
pizze (accusative plural)
pizzą (instrumental singular)
pizzami (instrumental plural)
pizzy (locative singular)
pizzach (locative plural)
pizzo (singular vocative)
pizze (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian pizza. Doublet of pita.

pizza (baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables)


mapa

mapa (nominative singular)
mapy (nominative plural)
mapy (genitive singular)
map (genitive plural)
mapie (dative singular)
mapom (dative plural)
mapę (accusative singular)
mapy (accusative plural)
mapą (instrumental singular)
mapami (instrumental plural)
mapie (locative singular)
mapach (locative plural)
mapo (singular vocative)
mapy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ма́па (mápa)

→ Ukrainian: ма́па (mápa)

→ Yiddish: מאַפּע (mape)

Learned borrowing from Latin mappa (“napkin”).

lbor

map (sheet with geographical information on it)


kara

kara (nominative singular)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
kar (genitive plural)
karze (dative singular)
karom (dative plural)
karę (accusative singular)
kary (accusative plural)
karą (instrumental singular)
karami (instrumental plural)
karze (locative singular)
karach (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
kary (plural vocative)

table
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1, kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]


kara

→ Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)

→ Ukrainian: ґара (gara)

→ Slovincian: kara

(obsolete) cart with two wheels and a box on top for carrying things


kara

table
Borrowed from French carré. First attested in the middle of the 19th century.

ref

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 3”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)


rata

ratka (diminutive)
rata (nominative singular)
raty (nominative plural)
raty (genitive singular)
rat (genitive plural)
racie (dative singular)
ratom (dative plural)
ratę (accusative singular)
raty (accusative plural)
ratą (instrumental singular)
ratami (instrumental plural)
racie (locative singular)
ratach (locative plural)
rato (singular vocative)
raty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rate, from Medieval Latin rata, from Latin ratus.

(banking, finance) installment (portion of debt)


tundra

tundrowy (adjective)
tundra (nominative singular)
tundry (nominative plural)
tundry (genitive singular)
tundr (genitive plural)
tundrze (dative singular)
tundrom (dative plural)
tundrę (accusative singular)
tundry (accusative plural)
tundrą (instrumental singular)
tundrami (instrumental plural)
tundrze (locative singular)
tundrach (locative plural)
tundro (singular vocative)
tundry (plural vocative)


kita

kitka (diminutive)
kita (nominative singular)
kity (nominative plural)
kity (genitive singular)
kit (genitive plural)
kicie (dative singular)
kitom (dative plural)
kitę (accusative singular)
kity (accusative plural)
kitą (instrumental singular)
kitami (instrumental plural)
kicie (locative singular)
kitach (locative plural)
kito (singular vocative)
kity (plural vocative)


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.
Sense #3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).


pula

pula (nominative singular)
pule (nominative plural)
puli (genitive singular)
pul (genitive plural)
puli (genitive plural)
puli (dative singular)
pulom (dative plural)
pulę (accusative singular)
pule (accusative plural)
pulą (instrumental singular)
pulami (instrumental plural)
puli (locative singular)
pulach (locative plural)
pulo (singular vocative)
pule (plural vocative)

(card games) pool, stakes, the pot (money available to be won)


mama

mama (nominative singular)
mamy (nominative plural)
mamy (genitive singular)
mam (genitive plural)
mamie (dative singular)
mamom (dative plural)
mamę (accusative singular)
mamy (accusative plural)
mamą (instrumental singular)
mamami (instrumental plural)
mamie (locative singular)
mamach (locative plural)
mamo (singular vocative)
mamy (plural vocative)


IPA

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet#English

the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)


era

era (nominative singular)
ery (nominative plural)
ery (genitive singular)
er (genitive plural)
erze (dative singular)
erom (dative plural)
erę (accusative singular)
ery (accusative plural)
erą (instrumental singular)
erami (instrumental plural)
erze (locative singular)
erach (locative plural)
ero (singular vocative)
ery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English era, French ère, German Ära, ultimately from Late Latin aera.


Oceania

Oceania (nominative singular)
Oceanii (genitive singular)
Oceanii (dative singular)
Oceanię (accusative singular)
Oceanią (instrumental singular)
Oceanii (locative singular)
Oceanio (singular vocative)

Oceania (a geographical region or continent in the Pacific Ocean)


katana

katana (nominative singular)
katany (nominative plural)
katany (genitive singular)
katan (genitive plural)
katanie (dative singular)
katanom (dative plural)
katanę (accusative singular)
katany (accusative plural)
kataną (instrumental singular)
katanami (instrumental plural)
katanie (locative singular)
katanach (locative plural)
katano (singular vocative)
katany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese 刀 (katana, literally “sword”).


katana

katanka (diminutive)
katana (nominative singular)
katany (nominative plural)
katany (genitive singular)
katan (genitive plural)
katanie (dative singular)
katanom (dative plural)
katanę (accusative singular)
katany (accusative plural)
kataną (instrumental singular)
katanami (instrumental plural)
katanie (locative singular)
katanach (locative plural)
katano (singular vocative)
katany (plural vocative)

(ethnography) a twin caftan worn in some regional Polish folk costumes for women

(ethnography) a type of covering in men's folk costumes that reaches one's ankles

(ethnography, historical, military) a short-tailed jacket worn by soldiers in the 18th century


mana

mana (nominative singular)
many (genitive singular)
manie (dative singular)
manę (accusative singular)
maną (instrumental singular)
manie (locative singular)
mano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Maori mana, from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.

mana (form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people)

(fantasy roleplaying games) mana (magical power)


brew

brew (nominative singular)
brwi (nominative plural)
brwi (genitive singular)
brwi (genitive plural)
brwi (dative singular)
brwiom (dative plural)
brew (accusative singular)
brwi (accusative plural)
brwią (instrumental singular)
brwiami (instrumental plural)
brwi (locative singular)
brwiach (locative plural)
brwi (singular vocative)
brwi (plural vocative)


Asia

Aśka (diminutive)
Asia (nominative singular)
Asie (nominative plural)
Asi (genitive singular)
Aś (genitive plural)
Asi (dative singular)
Asiom (dative plural)
Asię (accusative singular)
Asie (accusative plural)
Asią (instrumental singular)
Asiami (instrumental plural)
Asi (locative singular)
Asiach (locative plural)
Asiu (singular vocative)
Asie (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Joanna


errata

errata (nominative singular)
erraty (nominative plural)
erraty (genitive singular)
errat (genitive plural)
erracie (dative singular)
erratom (dative plural)
erratę (accusative singular)
erraty (accusative plural)
erratą (instrumental singular)
erratami (instrumental plural)
erracie (locative singular)
erratach (locative plural)
errato (singular vocative)
erraty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin errāta (“mistaken things, mistakes”), neuter plural of errātus (“mistaken”).

lbor

(typography) errata (typeface whose letters slant to the right)


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangi (nominative plural)
mangi (genitive singular)
mang (genitive plural)
mandze (dative singular)
mangom (dative plural)
mangę (accusative singular)
mangi (accusative plural)
mangą (instrumental singular)
mangami (instrumental plural)
mandze (locative singular)
mangach (locative plural)
mango (singular vocative)
mangi (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: anime

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)

Coordinate term: anime

(comics) manga (comic drawn in a Japanese style)


agora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (marketplace in Classical Greece)

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (gathering of people in an agora)

(formal) assembly, conference, summit (meeting for discussing serious issues)

(formal) summit (place for having a serious meeting)


agora

agora (nominative singular)
agory (nominative plural)
agory (genitive singular)
agor (genitive plural)
agorze (dative singular)
agorom (dative plural)
agorę (accusative singular)
agory (accusative plural)
agorą (instrumental singular)
agorami (instrumental plural)
agorze (locative singular)
agorach (locative plural)
agoro (singular vocative)
agory (plural vocative)


sofa

sofka (diminutive)
sofa (nominative singular)
sofy (nominative plural)
sofy (genitive singular)
sof (genitive plural)
sofie (dative singular)
sofom (dative plural)
sofę (accusative singular)
sofy (accusative plural)
sofą (instrumental singular)
sofami (instrumental plural)
sofie (locative singular)
sofach (locative plural)
sofo (singular vocative)
sofy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”).


Laura

Laura (nominative singular)
Laury (nominative plural)
Laury (genitive singular)
Laur (genitive plural)
Laurze (dative singular)
Laurom (dative plural)
Laurę (accusative singular)
Laury (accusative plural)
Laurą (instrumental singular)
Laurami (instrumental plural)
Laurze (locative singular)
Laurach (locative plural)
Lauro (singular vocative)
Laury (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Laura


kata

kata (nominative singular)
katy (nominative plural)
katy (genitive singular)
kat (genitive plural)
kacie (dative singular)
katom (dative plural)
katę (accusative singular)
katy (accusative plural)
katą (instrumental singular)
katami (instrumental plural)
kacie (locative singular)
katach (locative plural)
kato (singular vocative)
katy (plural vocative)


kopa

kopa (nominative singular)
kopy (nominative plural)
kopy (genitive singular)
kop (genitive plural)
kóp (genitive plural)
kopie (dative singular)
kopom (dative plural)
kopę (accusative singular)
kopy (accusative plural)
kopą (instrumental singular)
kopami (instrumental plural)
kopie (locative singular)
kopach (locative plural)
kopo (singular vocative)
kopy (plural vocative)


juta

juta (nominative singular)
juty (nominative plural)
juty (genitive singular)
jut (genitive plural)
jucie (dative singular)
jutom (dative plural)
jutę (accusative singular)
juty (accusative plural)
jutą (instrumental singular)
jutami (instrumental plural)
jucie (locative singular)
jutach (locative plural)
juto (singular vocative)
juty (plural vocative)

From Bengali ঝুট (jhuṭ), from Sanskrit जूट (jūṭa).

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual

jute (plants from which this fibre is obtained)


gamma

gamma (nominative singular)
gammy (nominative plural)
gammy (genitive singular)
gamm (genitive plural)
gammie (dative singular)
gammom (dative plural)
gammę (accusative singular)
gammy (accusative plural)
gammą (instrumental singular)
gammami (instrumental plural)
gammie (locative singular)
gammach (locative plural)
gammo (singular vocative)
gammy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). Doublet of gama.


theta

theta (nominative singular)
thety (nominative plural)
thety (genitive singular)
thet (genitive plural)
thecie (dative singular)
thetom (dative plural)
thetę (accusative singular)
thety (accusative plural)
thetą (instrumental singular)
thetami (instrumental plural)
thecie (locative singular)
thetach (locative plural)
theto (singular vocative)
thety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta), from Phoenician 𐤈 (ṭ /ṭēt/).


TV

television (electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound)

television (institution engaged in the preparation and transmission of television programs)

television, television set (electronic device that receives television signals and displays the resulting images on a screen)


eta

eta (nominative singular)
ety (nominative plural)
ety (genitive singular)
et (genitive plural)
ecie (dative singular)
etom (dative plural)
etę (accusative singular)
ety (accusative plural)
etą (instrumental singular)
etami (instrumental plural)
ecie (locative singular)
etach (locative plural)
eto (singular vocative)
ety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἦτα (êta), from Phoenician 𐤇 (ḥ /ḥēt/).


Ankara

Ankara (nominative singular)
Ankary (genitive singular)
Ankarze (dative singular)
Ankarę (accusative singular)
Ankarą (instrumental singular)
Ankarze (locative singular)
Ankaro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish Ankara, from Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura).


beta

beta (nominative singular)
bety (nominative plural)
bety (genitive singular)
bet (genitive plural)
becie (dative singular)
betom (dative plural)
betę (accusative singular)
bety (accusative plural)
betą (instrumental singular)
betami (instrumental plural)
becie (locative singular)
betach (locative plural)
beto (singular vocative)
bety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta), from Phoenician 𐤁 (b /bēt/).


lambda

lambda (nominative singular)
lambdy (nominative plural)
lambdy (genitive singular)
lambd (genitive plural)
lambdzie (dative singular)
lambdom (dative plural)
lambdę (accusative singular)
lambdy (accusative plural)
lambdą (instrumental singular)
lambdami (instrumental plural)
lambdzie (locative singular)
lambdach (locative plural)
lambdo (singular vocative)
lambdy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda), from Phoenician 𐤋 (l /lāmed/).


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).

(geography) delta (landform at the mouth of a river)


kappa

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάππα (káppa), from Phoenician 𐤊 (k /kāp/).


kappa

kappa (nominative singular)
kappy (nominative plural)
kappy (genitive singular)
kapp (genitive plural)
kappie (dative singular)
kappom (dative plural)
kappę (accusative singular)
kappy (accusative plural)
kappą (instrumental singular)
kappami (instrumental plural)
kappie (locative singular)
kappach (locative plural)
kappo (singular vocative)
kappy (plural vocative)

(Japanese mythology) kappa (Greek letter Κ, κ)


idea

idejka (diminutive)
idea (nominative singular)
idee (nominative plural)
idei (genitive singular)
idei (genitive plural)
idei (dative singular)
ideom (dative plural)
ideę (accusative singular)
idee (accusative plural)
ideą (instrumental singular)
ideami (instrumental plural)
idei (locative singular)
ideach (locative plural)
ideo (singular vocative)
idee (plural vocative)

idea (image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory)

(philosophy) idea (abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect)


ta

ta (nominative singular)
te (nominative plural)
tej (genitive singular)
tych (genitive plural)
tej (dative singular)
tym (dative plural)
tę (accusative singular)
te (accusative plural)
tą (instrumental singular)
tymi (instrumental plural)
tej (locative singular)
tych (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂.


dal

z dala

skok w dal

(literary) distance (space located at a very large distance)


dal

dal (nominative singular)
dale (nominative plural)
dali (genitive singular)
dali (genitive plural)
dali (dative singular)
dalom (dative plural)
dal (accusative singular)
dale (accusative plural)
dalą (instrumental singular)
dalami (instrumental plural)
dali (locative singular)
dalach (locative plural)
dali (singular vocative)
dale (plural vocative)


Nike

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Νίκη (Níkē), from νίκη (níkē, “victory”).


Nike

From the American brand, from English Nike, from Ancient Greek Νίκη (Níkē).


omega

omega (nominative singular)
omegi (nominative plural)
omegi (genitive singular)
omeg (genitive plural)
omedze (dative singular)
omegom (dative plural)
omegę (accusative singular)
omegi (accusative plural)
omegą (instrumental singular)
omegami (instrumental plural)
omedze (locative singular)
omegach (locative plural)
omego (singular vocative)
omegi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga).


utopia

utopia (nominative singular)
utopie (nominative plural)
utopii (genitive singular)
utopii (genitive plural)
utopij (archaic genitive plural)
utopii (dative singular)
utopiom (dative plural)
utopię (accusative singular)
utopie (accusative plural)
utopią (instrumental singular)
utopiami (instrumental plural)
utopii (locative singular)
utopiach (locative plural)
utopio (singular vocative)
utopie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French utopie, from New Latin Utopia, the name of a fictional island, possessing a seemingly perfect socio-politico-legal system, in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More. Coined from Ancient Greek οὐ (ou, “not, no”) + τόπος (tópos, “place, region”).


mozzarella

mozzarella (nominative singular)
mozzarelle (nominative plural)
mozzarelli (genitive singular)
mozzarelli (genitive plural)
mozzarelli (dative singular)
mozzarellom (dative plural)
mozzarellę (accusative singular)
mozzarelle (accusative plural)
mozzarellą (instrumental singular)
mozzarellami (instrumental plural)
mozzarelli (locative singular)
mozzarellach (locative plural)
mozzarello (singular vocative)
mozzarelle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mozzarella.


mania

mania (nominative singular)
manie (nominative plural)
manii (genitive singular)
manii (genitive plural)
manij (archaic genitive plural)
manii (dative singular)
maniom (dative plural)
manię (accusative singular)
manie (accusative plural)
manią (instrumental singular)
maniami (instrumental plural)
manii (locative singular)
maniach (locative plural)
manio (singular vocative)
manie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mania.

(psychiatry) mania (state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels)


gnu

gnu, wildebeest (any antelope of the genus Connochaetes)


kleptomania

kleptomania (nominative singular)
kleptomanii (genitive singular)
kleptomanii (dative singular)
kleptomanię (accusative singular)
kleptomanią (instrumental singular)
kleptomanii (locative singular)
kleptomanio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek κλέπτω (kléptō) + -mania.


Liguria

Liguria (nominative singular)
Ligurii (genitive singular)
Ligurii (dative singular)
Ligurię (accusative singular)
Ligurią (instrumental singular)
Ligurii (locative singular)
Ligurio (singular vocative)

From Latin Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Lhasa

Lhasa (nominative singular)
Lhasy (genitive singular)
Lhasie (dative singular)
Lhasę (accusative singular)
Lhasą (instrumental singular)
Lhasie (locative singular)
Lhaso (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


algebra

algebra (nominative singular)
algebry (nominative plural)
algebry (genitive singular)
algebr (genitive plural)
algebrze (dative singular)
algebrom (dative plural)
algebrę (accusative singular)
algebry (accusative plural)
algebrą (instrumental singular)
algebrami (instrumental plural)
algebrze (locative singular)
algebrach (locative plural)
algebro (singular vocative)
algebry (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English algebra. Possibly borrowed from German Algebra, French algèbre, or Spanish álgebra, ultimately from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr) “reunion”, “resetting of broken parts”, used in the title of al-Khwarizmi’s influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب الْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “the compendious book on restoration and equating like with like”). First attested in 1654–1676.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (06.05.2009) “ALGEBRA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


matrix

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of matryca.

(cytology) intercellular substance, matrix (body substance in which tissue cells are embedded)


businesswoman

Unadapted borrowing from English businesswoman.

ubor

(business) Alternative spelling of bizneswoman


Barcelona

Barcelona (nominative singular)
Barcelony (genitive singular)
Barcelonie (dative singular)
Barcelonę (accusative singular)
Barceloną (instrumental singular)
Barcelonie (locative singular)
Barcelono (singular vocative)

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)


Umbria

Umbria (nominative singular)
Umbrii (genitive singular)
Umbrii (dative singular)
Umbrię (accusative singular)
Umbrią (instrumental singular)
Umbrii (locative singular)
Umbrio (singular vocative)

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Tirana

Tirana (nominative singular)
Tirany (genitive singular)
Tiranie (dative singular)
Tiranę (accusative singular)
Tiraną (instrumental singular)
Tiranie (locative singular)
Tirano (singular vocative)

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Apulia

Apulia (nominative singular)
Apulii (genitive singular)
Apulii (dative singular)
Apulię (accusative singular)
Apulią (instrumental singular)
Apulii (locative singular)
Apulio (singular vocative)

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


feta

feta (nominative singular)
fety (nominative plural)
fety (genitive singular)
fet (genitive plural)
fecie (dative singular)
fetom (dative plural)
fetę (accusative singular)
fety (accusative plural)
fetą (instrumental singular)
fetami (instrumental plural)
fecie (locative singular)
fetach (locative plural)
feto (singular vocative)
fety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French fête (“party”), from Middle French feste, from Old French feste, from Late Latin fēsta, from the plural of Latin fēstum.


feta

Borrowed from Greek φέτα (féta), from Italian fetta (“slice”).


sigma

sigma (nominative singular)
sigmy (nominative plural)
sigmy (genitive singular)
sigm (genitive plural)
sigmie (dative singular)
sigmom (dative plural)
sigmę (accusative singular)
sigmy (accusative plural)
sigmą (instrumental singular)
sigmami (instrumental plural)
sigmie (locative singular)
sigmach (locative plural)
sigmo (singular vocative)
sigmy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σῖγμα (sîgma), from Phoenician 𐤔 (š /šīn/).

lbor

(mathematics) sigma (symbol Σ, used to indicate summation of a set or series)


Manila

manilski (adjective)
Manila (nominative singular)
Manili (genitive singular)
Manili (dative singular)
Manilę (accusative singular)
Manilą (instrumental singular)
Manili (locative singular)
Manilo (singular vocative)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


Java

Java (nominative singular)
Javy (genitive singular)
Javie (dative singular)
Javę (accusative singular)
Javą (instrumental singular)
Javie (locative singular)
Javo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Java, from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa), possibly from Sanskrit यव-द्वीप (yava-dvīpa).


Brescia

Brescia (nominative singular)
Brescii (genitive singular)
Brescii (dative singular)
Brescię (accusative singular)
Brescią (instrumental singular)
Brescii (locative singular)
Brescio (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian Brescia, from Lombard Brèsa.

ubor

Brescia (the capital city of Brescia province, Lombardy, Italy)


Macerata

Macerata (a town and province of Marche, Italy)


cola

cola (nominative singular)
cole (nominative plural)
coli (genitive singular)
col (genitive plural)
coli (genitive plural)
coli (dative singular)
colom (dative plural)
colę (accusative singular)
cole (accusative plural)
colą (instrumental singular)
colami (instrumental plural)
coli (locative singular)
colach (locative plural)
colo (singular vocative)
cole (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English cola, from a Niger-Congo language. Genericized trademark.

cola (any kind of soft drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel, and carbonated water)


Lesbos

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Λέσβος (Lésbos).

lbor

Lesbos (an island and regional unit of the North Aegean region, Greece)


tesla

tesla (nominative singular)
tesle (nominative plural)
tesli (genitive singular)
tesli (genitive plural)
tesli (dative singular)
teslom (dative plural)
teslę (accusative singular)
tesle (accusative plural)
teslą (instrumental singular)
teslami (instrumental plural)
tesli (locative singular)
teslach (locative plural)
teslo (singular vocative)
tesle (plural vocative)

Named after Serbian-American inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla. Doublet of ciosła.


mate

Borrowed from Spanish mate, from Quechua mati.

maté, yerba mate (shrub that produces the beverage maté)


Montana

Montana (nominative singular)
Montany (genitive singular)
Montanie (dative singular)
Montanę (accusative singular)
Montaną (instrumental singular)
Montanie (locative singular)
Montano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Montana, from Spanish montaña (“mountain”), from Old Spanish montanna, from Medieval Latin montāna, from the feminine of Latin montānus, from mōns (“mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-.


fatwa

fatwa (nominative singular)
fatwy (nominative plural)
fatwy (genitive singular)
fatw (genitive plural)
fatwie (dative singular)
fatwom (dative plural)
fatwę (accusative singular)
fatwy (accusative plural)
fatwą (instrumental singular)
fatwami (instrumental plural)
fatwie (locative singular)
fatwach (locative plural)
fatwo (singular vocative)
fatwy (plural vocative)

(Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)


Hania

Hania (nominative singular)
Hanie (nominative plural)
Hani (genitive singular)
Hań (genitive plural)
Hani (dative singular)
Haniom (dative plural)
Hanię (accusative singular)
Hanie (accusative plural)
Hanią (instrumental singular)
Haniami (instrumental plural)
Hani (locative singular)
Haniach (locative plural)
Haniu (singular vocative)
Hanie (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Hanna


lewa

lewa (nominative singular)
lewy (nominative plural)
lewy (genitive singular)
lew (genitive plural)
lewie (dative singular)
lewom (dative plural)
lewę (accusative singular)
lewy (accusative plural)
lewą (instrumental singular)
lewami (instrumental plural)
lewie (locative singular)
lewach (locative plural)
lewo (singular vocative)
lewy (plural vocative)


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(colloquial, somewhat derogatory) woman, crone, hag (female person)

(colloquial) wife, girlfriend (female romantic partner)

village seller (woman who sells things from the village)

(derogatory) pansy, big girl's blouse (male of weak or cowardly character)

Coordinate term: dziad

(obsolete) female beggar (woman who begs)

(obsolete, dialectal, agriculture) large sheaf of strangely decorated grain tied at the end of a harvest

(obsolete, dialectal, spinning) thick, round part attached to a screw next to a stool of a spinning wheel

(obsolete, dialectal) bunch of rags placed on a stick to block the lower outlet of a chimney above a fireplace

(obsolete, timber rafting) wooden block carved in the shape of a human head given to new rafters to kiss by rafters who are helping the new rafters with the rafting for the first time

(obsolete, fishing) narrow barrel with a pole through it, used for winding a seine line while fishing

(obsolete, sports) starting peg (peg that starts a game of croquet)

(obsolete, engineering) oak block with a handle used for tamping when laying stones, spreading gravel on road surfaces, etc.

(obsolete, art) leather pillow for applying paint in manual printing of canvases

(obsolete) female hireling; female worker

(obsolete) bundle of hay used as a blockade for dangerous passages

(obsolete) rag on a stick or pole for sweeping

(obsolete) wooden mold for ironing clothes

(obsolete, sailing) knot on a mast twist that raftsmen can't undo

Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius#Translingual

(obsolete, hunting) Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius)

(obsolete, university slang, games) leather ball

(obsolete) pelican (seabird of the family Pelecanidae)

(obsolete) any of various freshwater sculpins of the genus Cottus

(obsolete) tuna (fish of the genus Thunnus)

(Middle Polish) female mourner, griever (woman who cries over someone's death at a funeral)

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual

(Middle Polish) common pear, (Pyrus communis)

(Middle Polish) quack; herbalist (woman who heals with herbs, especially incompetently)


baba

baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

stone figure used in cult or spiritual functions


acholia

acholia (nominative singular)
acholii (genitive singular)
acholii (dative singular)
acholię (accusative singular)
acholią (instrumental singular)
acholii (locative singular)
acholio (singular vocative)

From a- + Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ) + -ia. First attested in 1860.

ref

Tygodnik Lekarski, number R. 4, nr 46, 1860, page 405

(medicine, pathology) acholia (deficiency or absence of bile)


Polska

Polska (nominative singular)
Polski (genitive singular)
Polsce (dative singular)
Polskę (accusative singular)
Polską (instrumental singular)
Polsce (locative singular)
Polsko (singular vocative)

→ Czech: Polsko

→ Kashubian: Pòlskô

→ Lower Sorbian: Pólska

→ Carpathian Rusyn: По́льско (Pólʹsko)

→ Silesian: Polsko

→ Slovak: Poľsko

→ Upper Sorbian: Pólska

Inherited from Old Polish Polska, an ellipsis of ziemia Polska.

Rzeczpospolita Polska
Rzeczpospolita Polska#Polish

Poland (a country in Central Europe; official name: Rzeczpospolita Polska)

musi to na Rusi, a w Polsce jak kto chce


Sofia

Sofia (nominative singular)
Sofii (genitive singular)
Sofii (dative singular)
Sofię (accusative singular)
Sofią (instrumental singular)
Sofii (locative singular)
Sofio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófija).


Valletta

Valletta (nominative singular)
Valletty (genitive singular)
Valletcie (dative singular)
Vallettę (accusative singular)
Vallettą (instrumental singular)
Valletcie (locative singular)
Valletto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Maltese Valletta.


metanoia

metanoia (nominative singular)
metanoii (genitive singular)
metanoii (dative singular)
metanoię (accusative singular)
metanoią (instrumental singular)
metanoii (locative singular)
metanoio (singular vocative)

Metanoia niesie z sobą także nowe i pogłębione rozumienie Boga i Jego świętej woli.

1996, Janusz Nagórny, Andrzej Derdziuk, Vivere in Christo: chrześcijański horyzont moralności : księga pamiątkowa ku czci księdza profesora Seweryna Rosika w 65. rocznicę urodzin

Metanoia also brings with it a new and deeper understanding of God and His holy will

(philosophy, rare) Alternative spelling of metanoja


propaganda

propaganda (nominative singular)
propagandy (nominative plural)
propagandy (genitive singular)
propagand (genitive plural)
propagandzie (dative singular)
propagandom (dative plural)
propagandę (accusative singular)
propagandy (accusative plural)
propagandą (instrumental singular)
propagandami (instrumental plural)
propagandzie (locative singular)
propagandach (locative plural)
propagando (singular vocative)
propagandy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French propagande, from New Latin propāganda.


panda

panda (nominative singular)
pandy (nominative plural)
pandy (genitive singular)
pand (genitive plural)
pandzie (dative singular)
pandom (dative plural)
pandę (accusative singular)
pandy (accusative plural)
pandą (instrumental singular)
pandami (instrumental plural)
pandzie (locative singular)
pandach (locative plural)
pando (singular vocative)
pandy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panda, French panda, German Panda.

Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Ailuropoda melanoleuca#Translingual

giant panda, panda, panda bear (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Ailurus fulgens
Ailurus fulgens#Translingual

(rare) red panda, lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens)


drama

drama (nominative singular)
dramy (nominative plural)
dramy (genitive singular)
dram (genitive plural)
dramie (dative singular)
dramom (dative plural)
dramę (accusative singular)
dramy (accusative plural)
dramą (instrumental singular)
dramami (instrumental plural)
dramie (locative singular)
dramach (locative plural)
dramo (singular vocative)
dramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French drame, from Latin drama, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma). First attested in 1728. Doublet of dramat.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (13.06.2019) “DRAMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(drama) drama (composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue)

(literary, theater) drama (type of play)

(education) roleplay (style of teaching where people act according to an assigned role)

(colloquial) drama (situation in real life that has the characteristics of such a theatrical play)


harmonia

harmonia (nominative singular)
harmonie (nominative plural)
harmonii (genitive singular)
harmonii (genitive plural)
harmonij (archaic genitive plural)
harmonii (dative singular)
harmoniom (dative plural)
harmonię (accusative singular)
harmonie (accusative plural)
harmonią (instrumental singular)
harmoniami (instrumental plural)
harmonii (locative singular)
harmoniach (locative plural)
harmonio (singular vocative)
harmonie (plural vocative)


pyra

pl-noun

pyra f (diminutive pyrka or pyreczka or pyruszka)

pyrka (diminutive)
pyreczka (diminutive)
pyruszka (diminutive)
pyra (nominative singular)
pyry (nominative plural)
pyry (genitive singular)
pyr (genitive plural)
pyrze (dative singular)
pyrom (dative plural)
pyrę (accusative singular)
pyry (accusative plural)
pyrą (instrumental singular)
pyrami (instrumental plural)
pyrze (locative singular)
pyrach (locative plural)
pyro (singular vocative)
pyry (plural vocative)

Unknown. May be related to Peru where potatoes come from.


machina

machina (nominative singular)
machiny (nominative plural)
machiny (genitive singular)
machin (genitive plural)
machinie (dative singular)
machinom (dative plural)
machinę (accusative singular)
machiny (accusative plural)
machiną (instrumental singular)
machinami (instrumental plural)
machinie (locative singular)
machinach (locative plural)
machino (singular vocative)
machiny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin māchina, from Doric Ancient Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Doublet of maszyna (“machine”).


tarantula

tarantula (nominative singular)
tarantule (nominative plural)
tarantuli (genitive singular)
tarantul (genitive plural)
tarantuli (dative singular)
tarantulom (dative plural)
tarantulę (accusative singular)
tarantule (accusative plural)
tarantulą (instrumental singular)
tarantulami (instrumental plural)
tarantuli (locative singular)
tarantulach (locative plural)
tarantulo (singular vocative)
tarantule (plural vocative)

wolf spider (any spider of the family Lycosidae)

(colloquial) tarantula, theraphosid (any spider of the family Theraphosidae)


hydra

hydra (nominative singular)
hydry (nominative plural)
hydry (genitive singular)
hydr (genitive plural)
hydrze (dative singular)
hydrom (dative plural)
hydrę (accusative singular)
hydry (accusative plural)
hydrą (instrumental singular)
hydrami (instrumental plural)
hydrze (locative singular)
hydrach (locative plural)
hydro (singular vocative)
hydry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin hydra. Doublet of nutria and wydra.

hydra (any freshwater polyp from the genus Hydra)

(fantasy) hydra (dragon-like creature with many heads and the ability to regrow them when maimed)

(figurative) evil that is difficult to eradicate


bestia

bestyjka (diminutive)
bestia (nominative singular)
bestie (nominative plural)
bestii (genitive singular)
bestii (genitive plural)
bestyj (archaic genitive plural)
bestii (dative singular)
bestiom (dative plural)
bestię (accusative singular)
bestie (accusative plural)
bestią (instrumental singular)
bestiami (instrumental plural)
bestii (locative singular)
bestiach (locative plural)
bestio (singular vocative)
bestie (plural vocative)

(figurative) beast (person who behaves in a violent, antisocial, or uncivilized manner)


bury

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of bura:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


lupa

lupa (nominative singular)
lupy (nominative plural)
lupy (genitive singular)
lup (genitive plural)
lupie (dative singular)
lupom (dative plural)
lupę (accusative singular)
lupy (accusative plural)
lupą (instrumental singular)
lupami (instrumental plural)
lupie (locative singular)
lupach (locative plural)
lupo (singular vocative)
lupy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French loupe, from Middle French loupe, from Old French loupe, from Frankish *luppa, from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ, *lub-, from Proto-Indo-European *lep-.


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papy (nominative plural)
papy (genitive singular)
pap (genitive plural)
papie (dative singular)
papom (dative plural)
papę (accusative singular)
papy (accusative plural)
papą (instrumental singular)
papami (instrumental plural)
papie (locative singular)
papach (locative plural)
papo (singular vocative)
papy (plural vocative)


papa

Uncertain. Possibly a deverbal from papać. Alternative theories suggest a derivation from theorized *plapa, from dialectal German Plappe (“mouth”), from plappern.


aspidistra

aspidistra (nominative singular)
aspidistry (nominative plural)
aspidistry (genitive singular)
aspidistr (genitive plural)
aspidistrze (dative singular)
aspidistrom (dative plural)
aspidistrę (accusative singular)
aspidistry (accusative plural)
aspidistrą (instrumental singular)
aspidistrami (instrumental plural)
aspidistrze (locative singular)
aspidistrach (locative plural)
aspidistro (singular vocative)
aspidistry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin aspidistra.

lbor

aspidistra (any of several Asian plants, of the genus Aspidistra)


zona

zona (nominative singular)
zony (nominative plural)
zony (genitive singular)
zon (genitive plural)
zonie (dative singular)
zonom (dative plural)
zonę (accusative singular)
zony (accusative plural)
zoną (instrumental singular)
zonami (instrumental plural)
zonie (locative singular)
zonach (locative plural)
zono (singular vocative)
zony (plural vocative)

(geography) zone (area separated from a larger area)


fuga

fuga (nominative singular)
fugi (nominative plural)
fugi (genitive singular)
fug (genitive plural)
fudze (dative singular)
fugom (dative plural)
fugę (accusative singular)
fugi (accusative plural)
fugą (instrumental singular)
fugami (instrumental plural)
fudze (locative singular)
fugach (locative plural)
fugo (singular vocative)
fugi (plural vocative)

joint, interstice (gap, e.g. between bricks)

Niebieska fuga nie pasuje do brązowych kafli.


rana

ranka (diminutive)
rana (nominative singular)
rany (nominative plural)
rany (genitive singular)
ran (genitive plural)
ranie (dative singular)
ranom (dative plural)
ranę (accusative singular)
rany (accusative plural)
raną (instrumental singular)
ranami (instrumental plural)
ranie (locative singular)
ranach (locative plural)
rano (singular vocative)
rany (plural vocative)


lady

Unadapted borrowing from English lady, from Middle English lady, laddy, lafdi, lavedi, from Old English hlǣfdīġe.


lady

inflection of lada:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural