grawitacja

pl-noun

grawitacja f (related adjective grawitacyjny)

grawitacyjny (adjective)
grawitacja (nominative singular)
grawitacji (genitive singular)
grawitacji (dative singular)
grawitację (accusative singular)
grawitacją (instrumental singular)
grawitacji (locative singular)
grawitacjo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare French gravitation, German Gravitation, Russian гравита́ция (gravitácija), ultimately from English gravitation, from New Latin gravitātiō.

(physics) gravity, gravitation (fundamental force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe, caused by the curvature of spacetime caused by matter)


kwazicząstka

kwazicząstka (nominative singular)
kwazicząstki (nominative plural)
kwazicząstki (genitive singular)
kwazicząstek (genitive plural)
kwazicząstce (dative singular)
kwazicząstkom (dative plural)
kwazicząstkę (accusative singular)
kwazicząstki (accusative plural)
kwazicząstką (instrumental singular)
kwazicząstkami (instrumental plural)
kwazicząstce (locative singular)
kwazicząstkach (locative plural)
kwazicząstko (singular vocative)
kwazicząstki (plural vocative)

From kwazi- + cząstka. Calque of English quasiparticle.

quasiparticle (entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle)


ocena

ocena (nominative singular)
oceny (nominative plural)
oceny (genitive singular)
ocen (genitive plural)
ocenie (dative singular)
ocenom (dative plural)
ocenę (accusative singular)
oceny (accusative plural)
oceną (instrumental singular)
ocenami (instrumental plural)
ocenie (locative singular)
ocenach (locative plural)
oceno (singular vocative)
oceny (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: òcena

→ Silesian: ôcyna

Deverbal from ocenić. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ocena”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

assessment, evaluation (act of giving one's view if something is good or not based on certain criteraia)

estimate, evaluation (indication of the approximate size or extent of something)

estimate (determining the monetary value of something)

grade, mark (evaluation in school or at work) [with z (+ genitive) ‘in what subject’]


Alicja

Ala (diminutive)
Alicja (nominative singular)
Alicje (nominative plural)
Alicji (genitive singular)
Alicji (genitive plural)
Alicyj (archaic genitive plural)
Alicji (dative singular)
Alicjom (dative plural)
Alicję (accusative singular)
Alicje (accusative plural)
Alicją (instrumental singular)
Alicjami (instrumental plural)
Alicji (locative singular)
Alicjach (locative plural)
Alicjo (singular vocative)
Alicje (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Alice


Bożena

Bożenka (diminutive)
Bożena (nominative singular)
Bożeny (nominative plural)
Bożeny (genitive singular)
Bożen (genitive plural)
Bożenie (dative singular)
Bożenom (dative plural)
Bożenę (accusative singular)
Bożeny (accusative plural)
Bożeną (instrumental singular)
Bożenami (instrumental plural)
Bożenie (locative singular)
Bożenach (locative plural)
Bożeno (singular vocative)
Bożeny (plural vocative)


Sylwia

Sylwiusz (masculine)
Sylwia (nominative singular)
Sylwie (nominative plural)
Sylwii (genitive singular)
Sylwii (genitive plural)
Sylwij (archaic genitive plural)
Sylwii (dative singular)
Sylwiom (dative plural)
Sylwię (accusative singular)
Sylwie (accusative plural)
Sylwią (instrumental singular)
Sylwiami (instrumental plural)
Sylwii (locative singular)
Sylwiach (locative plural)
Sylwio (singular vocative)
Sylwie (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Silvia


Patrycja

Patrycja (nominative singular)
Patrycje (nominative plural)
Patrycji (genitive singular)
Patrycji (genitive plural)
Patrycji (dative singular)
Patrycjom (dative plural)
Patrycję (accusative singular)
Patrycje (accusative plural)
Patrycją (instrumental singular)
Patrycjami (instrumental plural)
Patrycji (locative singular)
Patrycjach (locative plural)
Patrycjo (singular vocative)
Patrycje (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Patricia


Justyna

Justyna (nominative singular)
Justyny (nominative plural)
Justyny (genitive singular)
Justyn (genitive plural)
Justynie (dative singular)
Justynom (dative plural)
Justynę (accusative singular)
Justyny (accusative plural)
Justyną (instrumental singular)
Justynami (instrumental plural)
Justynie (locative singular)
Justynach (locative plural)
Justyno (singular vocative)
Justyny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Justine


Halina

Halinka (diminutive)
Halka (diminutive)
Halina (nominative singular)
Haliny (nominative plural)
Haliny (genitive singular)
Halin (genitive plural)
Halinie (dative singular)
Halinom (dative plural)
Halinę (accusative singular)
Haliny (accusative plural)
Haliną (instrumental singular)
Halinami (instrumental plural)
Halinie (locative singular)
Halinach (locative plural)
Halino (singular vocative)
Haliny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Галі́на (Halína) and/or Ukrainian Гали́на (Halýna).

bor+

a female given name, equivalent to English Galina


Marzena

Marzenka (diminutive)
Marzena (nominative singular)
Marzeny (nominative plural)
Marzeny (genitive singular)
Marzen (genitive plural)
Marzenie (dative singular)
Marzenom (dative plural)
Marzenę (accusative singular)
Marzeny (accusative plural)
Marzeną (instrumental singular)
Marzenami (instrumental plural)
Marzenie (locative singular)
Marzenach (locative plural)
Marzeno (singular vocative)
Marzeny (plural vocative)


Ewelina

Ewelina (nominative singular)
Eweliny (nominative plural)
Eweliny (genitive singular)
Ewelin (genitive plural)
Ewelinie (dative singular)
Ewelinom (dative plural)
Ewelinę (accusative singular)
Eweliny (accusative plural)
Eweliną (instrumental singular)
Ewelinami (instrumental plural)
Ewelinie (locative singular)
Ewelinach (locative plural)
Ewelino (singular vocative)
Eweliny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Eveline


Henryka

Henryka (nominative singular)
Henryki (nominative plural)
Henryki (genitive singular)
Henryk (genitive plural)
Henryce (dative singular)
Henrykom (dative plural)
Henrykę (accusative singular)
Henryki (accusative plural)
Henryką (instrumental singular)
Henrykami (instrumental plural)
Henryce (locative singular)
Henrykach (locative plural)
Henryko (singular vocative)
Henryki (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Henrietta


Genowefa

Genia (diminutive)
Genowefa (nominative singular)
Genowefy (nominative plural)
Genowefy (genitive singular)
Genowef (genitive plural)
Genowefie (dative singular)
Genowefom (dative plural)
Genowefę (accusative singular)
Genowefy (accusative plural)
Genowefą (instrumental singular)
Genowefami (instrumental plural)
Genowefie (locative singular)
Genowefach (locative plural)
Genowefo (singular vocative)
Genowefy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Genovefa.

lbor

a female given name, equivalent to English Genevieve


Oliwia

Oliwia (nominative singular)
Oliwie (nominative plural)
Oliwii (genitive singular)
Oliwii (genitive plural)
Oliwii (dative singular)
Oliwiom (dative plural)
Oliwię (accusative singular)
Oliwie (accusative plural)
Oliwią (instrumental singular)
Oliwiami (instrumental plural)
Oliwii (locative singular)
Oliwiach (locative plural)
Oliwio (singular vocative)
Oliwie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Olivia


Stanisława

Stanisława (nominative singular)
Stanisławy (nominative plural)
Stanisławy (genitive singular)
Stanisław (genitive plural)
Stanisławie (dative singular)
Stanisławom (dative plural)
Stanisławę (accusative singular)
Stanisławy (accusative plural)
Stanisławą (instrumental singular)
Stanisławami (instrumental plural)
Stanisławie (locative singular)
Stanisławach (locative plural)
Stanisławo (singular vocative)
Stanisławy (plural vocative)


Martyna

pl-proper noun

Martyna f (male equivalent Marcin, diminutive Martynka)

Marcin (masculine)
Martynka (diminutive)
Martyna (nominative singular)
Martyny (nominative plural)
Martyny (genitive singular)
Martyn (genitive plural)
Martynie (dative singular)
Martynom (dative plural)
Martynę (accusative singular)
Martyny (accusative plural)
Martyną (instrumental singular)
Martynami (instrumental plural)
Martynie (locative singular)
Martynach (locative plural)
Martyno (singular vocative)
Martyny (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Martina


Edyta

Edytka (diminutive)
Edyta (nominative singular)
Edyty (nominative plural)
Edyty (genitive singular)
Edyt (genitive plural)
Edycie (dative singular)
Edytom (dative plural)
Edytę (accusative singular)
Edyty (accusative plural)
Edytą (instrumental singular)
Edytami (instrumental plural)
Edycie (locative singular)
Edytach (locative plural)
Edyto (singular vocative)
Edyty (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Edith


Franciszka

Franciszka f (male equivalent Franciszek)

Franciszek (masculine)
Franciszka (nominative singular)
Franciszki (nominative plural)
Franciszki (genitive singular)
Franciszek (genitive plural)
Franciszce (dative singular)
Franciszkom (dative plural)
Franciszkę (accusative singular)
Franciszki (accusative plural)
Franciszką (instrumental singular)
Franciszkami (instrumental plural)
Franciszce (locative singular)
Franciszkach (locative plural)
Franciszko (singular vocative)
Franciszki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Francesca, from Medieval Latin Francisca.

a female given name, equivalent to English Francesca


Kazimiera

Kazimiera f (male equivalent Kazimierz, diminutive Kazia)

Kazimierz (masculine)
Kazia (diminutive)
Kazimiera (nominative singular)
Kazimiery (nominative plural)
Kazimiery (genitive singular)
Kazimier (genitive plural)
Kazimierze (dative singular)
Kazimierom (dative plural)
Kazimierę (accusative singular)
Kazimiery (accusative plural)
Kazimierą (instrumental singular)
Kazimierami (instrumental plural)
Kazimierze (locative singular)
Kazimierach (locative plural)
Kazimiero (singular vocative)
Kazimiery (plural vocative)


Danuta

Danka (diminutive)
Danusia (diminutive)
Danuta (nominative singular)
Danuty (nominative plural)
Danuty (genitive singular)
Danut (genitive plural)
Danucie (dative singular)
Danutom (dative plural)
Danutę (accusative singular)
Danuty (accusative plural)
Danutą (instrumental singular)
Danutami (instrumental plural)
Danucie (locative singular)
Danutach (locative plural)
Danuto (singular vocative)
Danuty (plural vocative)

→ Slovak: Danuta


Wiesława

Wiesława f (male equivalent Wiesław, diminutive Wiesia)

Wiesław (masculine)
Wiesia (diminutive)
Wiesława (nominative singular)
Wiesławy (nominative plural)
Wiesławy (genitive singular)
Wiesław (genitive plural)
Wiesławie (dative singular)
Wiesławom (dative plural)
Wiesławę (accusative singular)
Wiesławy (accusative plural)
Wiesławą (instrumental singular)
Wiesławami (instrumental plural)
Wiesławie (locative singular)
Wiesławach (locative plural)
Wiesławo (singular vocative)
Wiesławy (plural vocative)


Klaudia

Klaudia (nominative singular)
Klaudie (nominative plural)
Klaudii (genitive singular)
Klaudii (genitive plural)
Klaudii (dative singular)
Klaudiom (dative plural)
Klaudię (accusative singular)
Klaudie (accusative plural)
Klaudią (instrumental singular)
Klaudiami (instrumental plural)
Klaudii (locative singular)
Klaudiach (locative plural)
Klaudio (singular vocative)
Klaudie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Claudia


Nikozja

Nikozja (nominative singular)
Nikozji (genitive singular)
Nikozji (dative singular)
Nikozję (accusative singular)
Nikozją (instrumental singular)
Nikozji (locative singular)
Nikozjo (singular vocative)

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Grażyna

Grażynka (diminutive)
Grażyna (nominative singular)
Grażyny (nominative plural)
Grażyny (genitive singular)
Grażyn (genitive plural)
Grażynie (dative singular)
Grażynom (dative plural)
Grażynę (accusative singular)
Grażyny (accusative plural)
Grażyną (instrumental singular)
Grażynami (instrumental plural)
Grażynie (locative singular)
Grażynach (locative plural)
Grażyno (singular vocative)
Grażyny (plural vocative)

Coined by Adam Mickiewicz in his 1823 poem Grażyna. From Lithuanian gražus + graži + -yna.


Grażyna

(derogatory, slang) Karen (middle-aged woman whose appearance, behavior, and actions are seen as a sign of vulgarity, stupidity, and entitlement)


zemsta

zemsta (nominative singular)
zemsty (nominative plural)
zemsty (genitive singular)
zemst (genitive plural)
zemście (dative singular)
zemstom (dative plural)
zemstę (accusative singular)
zemsty (accusative plural)
zemstą (instrumental singular)
zemstami (instrumental plural)
zemście (locative singular)
zemstach (locative plural)
zemsto (singular vocative)
zemsty (plural vocative)


Iwona

Iwona (nominative singular)
Iwony (nominative plural)
Iwony (genitive singular)
Iwon (genitive plural)
Iwonie (dative singular)
Iwonom (dative plural)
Iwonę (accusative singular)
Iwony (accusative plural)
Iwoną (instrumental singular)
Iwonami (instrumental plural)
Iwonie (locative singular)
Iwonach (locative plural)
Iwono (singular vocative)
Iwony (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Yvonne


kostnica

kostnica (nominative singular)
kostnice (nominative plural)
kostnicy (genitive singular)
kostnic (genitive plural)
kostnicy (dative singular)
kostnicom (dative plural)
kostnicę (accusative singular)
kostnice (accusative plural)
kostnicą (instrumental singular)
kostnicami (instrumental plural)
kostnicy (locative singular)
kostnicach (locative plural)
kostnico (singular vocative)
kostnice (plural vocative)


macka

macka (nominative singular)
macki (nominative plural)
macki (genitive singular)
macek (genitive plural)
macce (dative singular)
mackom (dative plural)
mackę (accusative singular)
macki (accusative plural)
macką (instrumental singular)
mackami (instrumental plural)
macce (locative singular)
mackach (locative plural)
macko (singular vocative)
macki (plural vocative)


pinda

pinda (nominative singular)
pindy (nominative plural)
pindy (genitive singular)
pind (genitive plural)
pindzie (dative singular)
pindom (dative plural)
pindę (accusative singular)
pindy (accusative plural)
pindą (instrumental singular)
pindami (instrumental plural)
pindzie (locative singular)
pindach (locative plural)
pindo (singular vocative)
pindy (plural vocative)

(vulgar) pussy, cunt (female genitalia, especially the external genitalia)

(offensive, vulgar) skank (general term of abuse for women)


pętla

pętelka (diminutive)
pętla (nominative singular)
pętle (nominative plural)
pętli (genitive singular)
pętli (genitive plural)
pętli (dative singular)
pętlom (dative plural)
pętlę (accusative singular)
pętle (accusative plural)
pętlą (instrumental singular)
pętlami (instrumental plural)
pętli (locative singular)
pętlach (locative plural)
pętlo (singular vocative)
pętle (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *petьľa. The nasal ę is due to influence from unrelated pęto (“fetter”).


stodoła

stodółka (diminutive)
stodoła (nominative singular)
stodoły (nominative plural)
stodoły (genitive singular)
stodół (genitive plural)
stodole (dative singular)
stodołom (dative plural)
stodołę (accusative singular)
stodoły (accusative plural)
stodołą (instrumental singular)
stodołami (instrumental plural)
stodole (locative singular)
stodołach (locative plural)
stodoło (singular vocative)
stodoły (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old High German stadel, related to German Stadel and Czech stodola.


teza

teza (nominative singular)
tezy (nominative plural)
tezy (genitive singular)
tez (genitive plural)
tezie (dative singular)
tezom (dative plural)
tezę (accusative singular)
tezy (accusative plural)
tezą (instrumental singular)
tezami (instrumental plural)
tezie (locative singular)
tezach (locative plural)
tezo (singular vocative)
tezy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English thesis, French thèse, German These, ultimately from Latin thesis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

(rhetoric) thesis (statement supported by arguments)

(logic) thesis (statement supported by arguments)

(mathematics) premise (either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is deduced)


baśń

baśniowy (adjective)
baśń (nominative singular)
baśnie (nominative plural)
baśni (genitive singular)
baśni (genitive plural)
baśni (dative singular)
baśniom (dative plural)
baśń (accusative singular)
baśnie (accusative plural)
baśnią (instrumental singular)
baśniami (instrumental plural)
baśni (locative singular)
baśniach (locative plural)
baśni (singular vocative)
baśnie (plural vocative)

fairy tale (fantastical or legendary story)

(obsolete) fairy tale; tall tale; rumor (unlikely story or fabricated story; figment)


pacynka

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from German Patsche + -yna + -ka. Alternatively, from earlier *palcynka, from palec (“finger”). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English sock puppet.

sl

W Szkole Podstawowej nr 1 w Ostrołęce został rozstrzygnięty konkurs międzyszkolny pod hasłem „Mój ulubiony eko-bohater z bajki, kukiełka, pacynka lub marionetka z wykorzystaniem materiałów z recyklingu”. To był dla uczniów popis kreatywności.

2023 June 15, “Pacynka z recyklingu. Uczniowie wykazali się wielkim talentem i kreatywnością (zdjęcia)”, in moja-ostroleka.pl, archived from the original on 2024-04-08

An inter-school competition entitled “My favorite eco-hero from a fairy tale, effigy, hand puppet, or marionette using recycled materials” was held at Elementary School No. 1 in Ostrołęka. It was a display of creativity for the students.

hand puppet, glove puppet (type of puppet designed to be worn on the hand like a glove)

– Będzie nieustanna wojna. Szymon Hołownia nie potrafi się w tym jednak odnaleźć, bo jest sobą zachwycony. Został sprowadzony do roli pacynki PO. Nie wiem, czy jest tego świadomy. Pamiętam już o kilku osobach, które szybowały i nie obserwowały, co działo się za ich plecami. Żeby osiągnąć sukces, trzeba mieć jakąś rolę do zagrania. Ludzie patrzą na niego jak na „nową jakość”, ale na razie ona się ogranicza do gestykulacji i artykulacji. Czym się różni PO od Polski 2050? Tym, czym „Życie Warszawy” od „Trybuny Ludu”. Treść taka sama, tylko forma inna – mówił Rafał Ziemkiewicz w TV Republika.

2023 November 24, “Ziemkiewicz: Hołownia został sprowadzony do roli pacynki PO”, in dorzeczy.pl, archived from the original on 2024-04-08

“There will be a constant war. Szymon Hołownia, however, is not able to find himself in it, because he is delighted with himself. He has been reduced to the role of a puppet of the Civic Platform. I do not know if he is aware of this. I remember that there have already been a few people who were soaring and did not pay attention to what was going on behind their backs. To be successful, you have to have a role to play. People look at him as some kind of “new quality,” but for now, it is limited to gesticulation and articulation. What is the difference between the Civic Platform and Poland 2050? The same as between Życie Warszawy and Trybuna Ludu. The content is the same, but the form is different,” said Rafał Ziemkiewicz on TV Republika.

(derogatory, figurative) dupe, front man, puppet, stooge, straw man (one who knowingly allows himself or herself to be used for another's profit)

Pacynka: Znana też pod nazwą ‘sock puppet account’, która odnosi się do pacynki zrobionej ze skarpety. To fałszywe konto, które zostało stworzone w mediach społecznościowych wyłącznie do trollowania. W skrócie działa to tak: myślisz, że dyskutujesz z prawdziwą osobą, a tymczasem to manipulujący dyskusją fejk, który powstał wyłącznie w tym celu.

2022 March 18, “Sealioning, whataboutyzm, ataki personalne. Popularne techniki internetowych trolli i jak ich unikać”, in f5.pl, archived from the original on 2024-04-08

Sock puppet: Also known as ‘sock puppet account’, which refers to a puppet made from a sock. It is a fake account created on social media solely for trolling. In a nutshell, it works like this: you think you are having a discussion with a real person, but in reality, it is a manipulative fake account that was created solely for that purpose.

(Internet) sock puppet (alternative pseudonymous online account, especially one used for abuse)


pacynka

pacynka (nominative singular)
pacynki (nominative plural)
pacynki (genitive singular)
pacynek (genitive plural)
pacynce (dative singular)
pacynkom (dative plural)
pacynkę (accusative singular)
pacynki (accusative plural)
pacynką (instrumental singular)
pacynkami (instrumental plural)
pacynce (locative singular)
pacynkach (locative plural)
pacynko (singular vocative)
pacynki (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from German patzen + -ka. Alternatively, from pacać + -yna + -ka.

(cosmetics) makeup stick (makeup tool consisting of a sponge attached to a handle, used for applying and blurring shadow on the eyelids)


gunia

guńka (diminutive)
gunia (nominative singular)
gunie (nominative plural)
guni (genitive singular)
guni (genitive plural)
guń (genitive plural)
guni (dative singular)
guniom (dative plural)
gunię (accusative singular)
gunie (accusative plural)
gunią (instrumental singular)
guniami (instrumental plural)
guni (locative singular)
guniach (locative plural)
gunio (singular vocative)
gunie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian gúnya. Compare Russian гу́ня (gúnja).


pieczęć

pieczątka (diminutive)
pieczęć (nominative singular)
pieczęcie (nominative plural)
pieczęci (genitive singular)
pieczęci (genitive plural)
pieczęci (dative singular)
pieczęciom (dative plural)
pieczęć (accusative singular)
pieczęcie (accusative plural)
pieczęcią (instrumental singular)
pieczęciami (instrumental plural)
pieczęci (locative singular)
pieczęciach (locative plural)
pieczęci (singular vocative)
pieczęcie (plural vocative)

/ˈpjɛ.t͡ʂɛɲt͡ɕ/

stamp (an indentation or imprint made by stamping)


anemometria

anemometria (nominative singular)
anemometrii (genitive singular)
anemometrii (dative singular)
anemometrię (accusative singular)
anemometrią (instrumental singular)
anemometrii (locative singular)
anemometrio (singular vocative)

From anemo- + -metria. First attested in 1841.

ref

Słownik rossyjsko-polski. T. 1, A - H (1841) Adam Rogalski (in Polish), page 162


dawczyni

dawca (masculine)
dawczyni (nominative singular)
dawczynie (nominative plural)
dawczyni (genitive singular)
dawczyń (genitive plural)
dawczyni (dative singular)
dawczyniom (dative plural)
dawczynię (accusative singular)
dawczynie (accusative plural)
dawczynią (instrumental singular)
dawczyniami (instrumental plural)
dawczyni (locative singular)
dawczyniach (locative plural)
dawczyni (singular vocative)
dawczynie (plural vocative)


bima

bima (nominative singular)
bimy (nominative plural)
bimy (genitive singular)
bim (genitive plural)
bimie (dative singular)
bimom (dative plural)
bimę (accusative singular)
bimy (accusative plural)
bimą (instrumental singular)
bimami (instrumental plural)
bimie (locative singular)
bimach (locative plural)
bimo (singular vocative)
bimy (plural vocative)


anglofilia

anglofilia (nominative singular)
anglofilii (genitive singular)
anglofilii (dative singular)
anglofilię (accusative singular)
anglofilią (instrumental singular)
anglofilii (locative singular)
anglofilio (singular vocative)

Znaczenie recepcji haseł libertyńskich (a zarazem frankofilii) było wyolbrzymiane w historiografii polskiej lat 50. XX w. - obecnie akcentuje się raczej anglofilię czołowych reformatorów i działaczy Sejmu Czteroletniego, od Stanisława Augusta przez Potockich do działaczy terenowych niższego kalibru (Richard Butterwick).
The significance of reception of libertine slogans (as well as of Francophilia) was exaggerated in Polish historiography in the 50's - currently Anglophilia of leading reformers and activists of the Four-Year Sejm is accented, from Stanisław Augusta by the Potockies to field activists of a lower Caliber (Richard Butterwick).

2008, Urszula Augustyniak, Historia Polski 1572-1795, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA


antonimia

antonimia (nominative singular)
antonimii (genitive singular)
antonimii (dative singular)
antonimię (accusative singular)
antonimią (instrumental singular)
antonimii (locative singular)
antonimio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-) + Ancient Greek ὄνυμα (ónuma).


malinka

malinka (nominative singular)
malinki (nominative plural)
malinki (genitive singular)
malinek (genitive plural)
malince (dative singular)
malinkom (dative plural)
malinkę (accusative singular)
malinki (accusative plural)
malinką (instrumental singular)
malinkami (instrumental plural)
malince (locative singular)
malinkach (locative plural)
malinko (singular vocative)
malinki (plural vocative)


kapibara

kapibara (nominative singular)
kapibary (nominative plural)
kapibary (genitive singular)
kapibar (genitive plural)
kapibarze (dative singular)
kapibarom (dative plural)
kapibarę (accusative singular)
kapibary (accusative plural)
kapibarą (instrumental singular)
kapibarami (instrumental plural)
kapibarze (locative singular)
kapibarach (locative plural)
kapibaro (singular vocative)
kapibary (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kapibara

Borrowed from Spanish capibara, from Portuguese capivara, from Old Tupi kapi'iûara.


Asturia

Asturia (nominative singular)
Asturii (genitive singular)
Asturii (dative singular)
Asturię (accusative singular)
Asturią (instrumental singular)
Asturii (locative singular)
Asturio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Asturias.

autonomous community
autonomous community

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


anglofobia

anglofobia (nominative singular)
anglofobii (genitive singular)
anglofobii (dative singular)
anglofobię (accusative singular)
anglofobią (instrumental singular)
anglofobii (locative singular)
anglofobio (singular vocative)


beczka

pl-noun

beczka f (diminutive beczułka, augmentative beka, related adjective beczkowy)

beczułka (diminutive)
beka (augmentative)
beczkowy (adjective)
beczka (nominative singular)
beczki (nominative plural)
beczki (genitive singular)
beczek (genitive plural)
beczce (dative singular)
beczkom (dative plural)
beczkę (accusative singular)
beczki (accusative plural)
beczką (instrumental singular)
beczkami (instrumental plural)
beczce (locative singular)
beczkach (locative plural)
beczko (singular vocative)
beczki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *buttjābor.
Proto-Slavic *bъči
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *bъčьka
Old Polish beczka
Polish beczka
Inherited from Old Polish beczka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English barrel roll, French tonneau, and German Fassrolle.

sl

beczka piwa/z piwem

beczka na deszczówkę

dno beczki

przewozić beczkę

toczyć/wytoczyć/wytaczać beczkę

wlewać/wlać do beczki

wrzucać/wrzucić/wsadzać/wsadzić/wkładać/włożyć do beczki

beczka cumownicza

barrel (round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop)

zrobić/robić/wykonywać/wykonać/wykręcać/wykręcić beczkę

barrelful, barrel (contents of such a container)

(obsolete, architecture) barrel vault (simple roof having a curved, often semicircular cross section; used to span large distances in railway stations, churches, etc. Usually supported on columns)

(obsolete, derogatory) fatso (fat person)

(obsolete, chess) end of a row on a chessboard


afagia

afagia (nominative singular)
afagii (genitive singular)
afagii (dative singular)
afagię (accusative singular)
afagią (instrumental singular)
afagii (locative singular)
afagio (singular vocative)

From a- + -fagia. First attested in 1898.

ref

Samuel Orgelbrand (1898) S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedja powszechna z ilustracjami i mapami (in Polish), S. Orgelbranda synów, page 368

(medicine) aphagia (the condition of difficulty in swallowing)


autofagia

autofagia (nominative singular)
autofagii (genitive singular)
autofagii (dative singular)
autofagię (accusative singular)
autofagią (instrumental singular)
autofagii (locative singular)
autofagio (singular vocative)


kaplica

kapliczka (diminutive)
kaplica (nominative singular)
kaplice (nominative plural)
kaplicy (genitive singular)
kaplic (genitive plural)
kaplicy (dative singular)
kaplicom (dative plural)
kaplicę (accusative singular)
kaplice (accusative plural)
kaplicą (instrumental singular)
kaplicami (instrumental plural)
kaplicy (locative singular)
kaplicach (locative plural)
kaplico (singular vocative)
kaplice (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech kaplicě, from Medieval Latin cappella. Doublet of kapela.

(Christianity) chapel (place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church)


Missisipi

Borrowed from English Mississippi, from Ojibwe misi-ziibi (“great river”)/ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi).

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


słuchawka

słuchawka (nominative singular)
słuchawki (nominative plural)
słuchawki (genitive singular)
słuchawek (genitive plural)
słuchawce (dative singular)
słuchawkom (dative plural)
słuchawkę (accusative singular)
słuchawki (accusative plural)
słuchawką (instrumental singular)
słuchawkami (instrumental plural)
słuchawce (locative singular)
słuchawkach (locative plural)
słuchawko (singular vocative)
słuchawki (plural vocative)

receiver (the listening device part of a telephone)


-fagia

-fagia (nominative singular)
-fagii (genitive singular)
-fagii (dative singular)
-fagię (accusative singular)
-fagią (instrumental singular)
-fagii (locative singular)
-fagio (singular vocative)

antropo- + -fagia → antropofagia


syrena

syrenka (diminutive)
syrena (nominative singular)
syreny (nominative plural)
syreny (genitive singular)
syren (genitive plural)
syrenie (dative singular)
syrenom (dative plural)
syrenę (accusative singular)
syreny (accusative plural)
syreną (instrumental singular)
syrenami (instrumental plural)
syrenie (locative singular)
syrenach (locative plural)
syreno (singular vocative)
syreny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sirène, from Latin sirēna, from Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).

mermaid (mythological woman with a fish's tail)

(Greek mythology) siren (nymph of Greek mythology)

(humorous) siren (dangerously seductive woman)

sea cow, siren (any mammal of the order Sirenia)


rzeżączka

rzeżączka (nominative singular)
rzeżączki (genitive singular)
rzeżączce (dative singular)
rzeżączkę (accusative singular)
rzeżączką (instrumental singular)
rzeżączce (locative singular)
rzeżączko (singular vocative)

/ʐɛˈʐɔnt͡ʂ.ka/

From rzezać + -ka, from Proto-Slavic *rězati.


zdrada

zdrada (nominative singular)
zdrady (nominative plural)
zdrady (genitive singular)
zdrad (genitive plural)
zdradzie (dative singular)
zdradom (dative plural)
zdradę (accusative singular)
zdrady (accusative plural)
zdradą (instrumental singular)
zdradami (instrumental plural)
zdradzie (locative singular)
zdradach (locative plural)
zdrado (singular vocative)
zdrady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zdrada. By surface analysis, deverbal from zdradzić.


muszla

pl-noun

muszla f (diminutive muszelka, related adjective muszlowy)

muszelka (diminutive)
muszlowy (adjective)
muszla (nominative singular)
muszle (nominative plural)
muszli (genitive singular)
muszli (genitive plural)
muszli (dative singular)
muszlom (dative plural)
muszlę (accusative singular)
muszle (accusative plural)
muszlą (instrumental singular)
muszlami (instrumental plural)
muszli (locative singular)
muszlach (locative plural)
muszlo (singular vocative)
muszle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Muschel. Doublet of mul and muskuł.

seashell (empty shell of a marine mollusk)

flush toilet, toilet bowl (toilet that uses water to flush urine and feces through a pipe to another location, typically a sewer main in urban settings or a septic tank elsewhere)


spowiedź

spowiedź (nominative singular)
spowiedzi (nominative plural)
spowiedzi (genitive singular)
spowiedzi (genitive plural)
spowiedzi (dative singular)
spowiedziom (dative plural)
spowiedź (accusative singular)
spowiedzi (accusative plural)
spowiedzią (instrumental singular)
spowiedziami (instrumental plural)
spowiedzi (locative singular)
spowiedziach (locative plural)
spowiedzi (singular vocative)
spowiedzi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish spowiedzieć. By surface analysis, deverbal from spowiedzieć.

surf

(Roman Catholicism) confession (disclosure of one's sins to a priest)


nagana

nagana (nominative singular)
nagany (nominative plural)
nagany (genitive singular)
nagan (genitive plural)
naganie (dative singular)
naganom (dative plural)
naganę (accusative singular)
nagany (accusative plural)
naganą (instrumental singular)
naganami (instrumental plural)
naganie (locative singular)
naganach (locative plural)
nagano (singular vocative)
nagany (plural vocative)


republika bananowa

republika bananowa (nominative singular)
republiki bananowe (nominative plural)
republiki bananowej (genitive singular)
republik bananowych (genitive plural)
republice bananowej (dative singular)
republikom bananowym (dative plural)
republikę bananową (accusative singular)
republiki bananowe (accusative plural)
republiką bananową (instrumental singular)
republikami bananowymi (instrumental plural)
republice bananowej (locative singular)
republikach bananowych (locative plural)
republiko bananowa (singular vocative)
republiki bananowe (plural vocative)

Literally, “banana republic”. Compare English banana republic.


kolokacja

kolokacja (nominative singular)
kolokacje (nominative plural)
kolokacji (genitive singular)
kolokacji (genitive plural)
kolokacyj (archaic genitive plural)
kolokacji (dative singular)
kolokacjom (dative plural)
kolokację (accusative singular)
kolokacje (accusative plural)
kolokacją (instrumental singular)
kolokacjami (instrumental plural)
kolokacji (locative singular)
kolokacjach (locative plural)
kolokacjo (singular vocative)
kolokacje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French collocation, from Latin collocātiō.

(linguistics) collocation (grouping or juxtaposition of words that commonly occur together)

(computing) co-location (service allowing multiple customers to locate and connect gear)


płyta główna

płyta główna (nominative singular)
płyty główne (nominative plural)
płyty głównej (genitive singular)
płyt głównych (genitive plural)
płycie głównej (dative singular)
płytom głównym (dative plural)
płytę główną (accusative singular)
płyty główne (accusative plural)
płytą główną (instrumental singular)
płytami głównymi (instrumental plural)
płycie głównej (locative singular)
płytach głównych (locative plural)
płyto główna (singular vocative)
płyty główne (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) motherboard, mainboard, mobo (primary circuit board of a computer)


biocenologia

biocenologia (nominative singular)
biocenologii (genitive singular)
biocenologii (dative singular)
biocenologię (accusative singular)
biocenologią (instrumental singular)
biocenologii (locative singular)
biocenologio (singular vocative)

From bio- + ceno- + -logia. First attested in 1925.


antropogeografia

antropogeografia (nominative singular)
antropogeografii (genitive singular)
antropogeografii (dative singular)
antropogeografię (accusative singular)
antropogeografią (instrumental singular)
antropogeografii (locative singular)
antropogeografio (singular vocative)

(anthropology, geography) human geography, anthropogeography


biometeorologia

biometeorologia (nominative singular)
biometeorologii (genitive singular)
biometeorologii (dative singular)
biometeorologię (accusative singular)
biometeorologią (instrumental singular)
biometeorologii (locative singular)
biometeorologio (singular vocative)

From bio- + meteorologia. First attested in 1953.


artrologia

artrologia (nominative singular)
artrologii (genitive singular)
artrologii (dative singular)
artrologię (accusative singular)
artrologią (instrumental singular)
artrologii (locative singular)
artrologio (singular vocative)


bibliologia

bibliologia (nominative singular)
bibliologii (genitive singular)
bibliologii (dative singular)
bibliologię (accusative singular)
bibliologią (instrumental singular)
bibliologii (locative singular)
bibliologio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -logia. First attested in 1814.


antroponimia

antroponimia (nominative singular)
antroponimii (genitive singular)
antroponimii (dative singular)
antroponimię (accusative singular)
antroponimią (instrumental singular)
antroponimii (locative singular)
antroponimio (singular vocative)

From antroponim + -ia. First attested in 1949.


doniczka

doniczka (nominative singular)
doniczki (nominative plural)
doniczki (genitive singular)
doniczek (genitive plural)
doniczce (dative singular)
doniczkom (dative plural)
doniczkę (accusative singular)
doniczki (accusative plural)
doniczką (instrumental singular)
doniczkami (instrumental plural)
doniczce (locative singular)
doniczkach (locative plural)
doniczko (singular vocative)
doniczki (plural vocative)


astrolatria

astrolatria (nominative singular)
astrolatrii (genitive singular)
astrolatrii (dative singular)
astrolatrię (accusative singular)
astrolatrią (instrumental singular)
astrolatrii (locative singular)
astrolatrio (singular vocative)


astrofotometria

astrofotometria (nominative singular)
astrofotometrii (genitive singular)
astrofotometrii (dative singular)
astrofotometrię (accusative singular)
astrofotometrią (instrumental singular)
astrofotometrii (locative singular)
astrofotometrio (singular vocative)


astrografia

astrografia (nominative singular)
astrografii (genitive singular)
astrografii (dative singular)
astrografię (accusative singular)
astrografią (instrumental singular)
astrografii (locative singular)
astrografio (singular vocative)

From astro- + -grafia. First attested in 1926.


listwa

pl-noun

listwa f (diminutive listewka, related adjective listwowy)

listewka (diminutive)
listwowy (adjective)
listwa (nominative singular)
listwy (nominative plural)
listwy (genitive singular)
listew (genitive plural)
listw (genitive plural)
listwie (dative singular)
listwom (dative plural)
listwę (accusative singular)
listwy (accusative plural)
listwą (instrumental singular)
listwami (instrumental plural)
listwie (locative singular)
listwach (locative plural)
listwo (singular vocative)
listwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish listwa. Doublet of lista (“list”). Compare Silesian lajsta.

(construction) batten (thin strip of wood used in construction)


jednomyślność

jednomyślność (nominative singular)
jednomyślności (genitive singular)
jednomyślności (dative singular)
jednomyślność (accusative singular)
jednomyślnością (instrumental singular)
jednomyślności (locative singular)
jednomyślności (singular vocative)


Buriacja

Buriacja (nominative singular)
Buriacji (genitive singular)
Buriacji (dative singular)
Buriację (accusative singular)
Buriacją (instrumental singular)
Buriacji (locative singular)
Buriacjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Буря́тия (Burjátija).

bor+

Buryatia (a republic of Russia; capital: Ulan-Ude)


Czuwaszja

Czuwaszja (nominative singular)
Czuwaszji (genitive singular)
Czuwaszji (dative singular)
Czuwaszję (accusative singular)
Czuwaszją (instrumental singular)
Czuwaszji (locative singular)
Czuwaszjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Чува́шия (Čuvášija).


audiometria

audiometria (nominative singular)
audiometrii (genitive singular)
audiometrii (dative singular)
audiometrię (accusative singular)
audiometrią (instrumental singular)
audiometrii (locative singular)
audiometrio (singular vocative)


Baszkiria

Baszkiria (nominative singular)
Baszkirii (genitive singular)
Baszkirii (dative singular)
Baszkirię (accusative singular)
Baszkirią (instrumental singular)
Baszkirii (locative singular)
Baszkirio (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Башки́рия (Baškírija).


Baba Jaga

Baba Jaga (nominative singular)
Baby Jagi (genitive singular)
Babie Jadze (dative singular)
Babę Jagę (accusative singular)
Babą Jagą (instrumental singular)
Babie Jadze (locative singular)
Babo Jago (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba ęga, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀbāˀ inˀgāˀ.

inh

*bā́ˀbāˀ inˀgāˀ

(Slavic mythology) Baba Yaga (hag in Slavic mythology who flies in a mortar)


Jakucja

Jakucja (nominative singular)
Jakucji (genitive singular)
Jakucji (dative singular)
Jakucję (accusative singular)
Jakucją (instrumental singular)
Jakucji (locative singular)
Jakucjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тия (Jakútija).

bor+

Sakha (a republic of Russia; capital: Yakutsk)


Kałmucja

Kałmucja (nominative singular)
Kałmucji (genitive singular)
Kałmucji (dative singular)
Kałmucję (accusative singular)
Kałmucją (instrumental singular)
Kałmucji (locative singular)
Kałmucjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Калмы́кия (Kalmýkija).

Kalmykia (a republic of Russia; capital: Elista)


Kornwalia

Kornwalia (nominative singular)
Kornwalii (genitive singular)
Kornwalii (dative singular)
Kornwalię (accusative singular)
Kornwalią (instrumental singular)
Kornwalii (locative singular)
Kornwalio (singular vocative)


Kornwalijka

Kornwalijka (nominative singular)
Kornwalijki (nominative plural)
Kornwalijki (genitive singular)
Kornwalijek (genitive plural)
Kornwalijce (dative singular)
Kornwalijkom (dative plural)
Kornwalijkę (accusative singular)
Kornwalijki (accusative plural)
Kornwalijką (instrumental singular)
Kornwalijkami (instrumental plural)
Kornwalijce (locative singular)
Kornwalijkach (locative plural)
Kornwalijko (singular vocative)
Kornwalijki (plural vocative)


Szkotka

Szkot (masculine)
Szkotka (nominative singular)
Szkotki (nominative plural)
Szkotki (genitive singular)
Szkotek (genitive plural)
Szkotce (dative singular)
Szkotkom (dative plural)
Szkotkę (accusative singular)
Szkotki (accusative plural)
Szkotką (instrumental singular)
Szkotkami (instrumental plural)
Szkotce (locative singular)
Szkotkach (locative plural)
Szkotko (singular vocative)
Szkotki (plural vocative)


Irlandka

Irlandka (nominative singular)
Irlandki (nominative plural)
Irlandki (genitive singular)
Irlandek (genitive plural)
Irlandce (dative singular)
Irlandkom (dative plural)
Irlandkę (accusative singular)
Irlandki (accusative plural)
Irlandką (instrumental singular)
Irlandkami (instrumental plural)
Irlandce (locative singular)
Irlandkach (locative plural)
Irlandko (singular vocative)
Irlandki (plural vocative)


nawa

nawa (nominative singular)
nawy (nominative plural)
nawy (genitive singular)
naw (genitive plural)
nawie (dative singular)
nawom (dative plural)
nawę (accusative singular)
nawy (accusative plural)
nawą (instrumental singular)
nawami (instrumental plural)
nawie (locative singular)
nawach (locative plural)
nawo (singular vocative)
nawy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin nāvis, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us.

(architecture) nave (the middle body of a church)

(literary) country, state (sovereign polity)

(obsolete, nautical) craft, ship, vessel


Francuz

Borrowed from Middle High German Franzōs, Franzois(er), Franzeis(er), from Old French françois. Doublet of franca and Francja.


autogamia

autogamia (nominative singular)
autogamii (genitive singular)
autogamii (dative singular)
autogamię (accusative singular)
autogamią (instrumental singular)
autogamii (locative singular)
autogamio (singular vocative)


statystyka

statystyka (nominative singular)
statystyki (nominative plural)
statystyki (genitive singular)
statystyk (genitive plural)
statystyce (dative singular)
statystykom (dative plural)
statystykę (accusative singular)
statystyki (accusative plural)
statystyką (instrumental singular)
statystykami (instrumental plural)
statystyce (locative singular)
statystykach (locative plural)
statystyko (singular vocative)
statystyki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Statistik, ultimately from Latin status + -yka.


pozycja

pl-noun

pozycja f (related adjective pozycyjny, abbreviation poz.)

pozycyjny (adjective)
poz. (abbreviation)
pozycja (nominative singular)
pozycje (nominative plural)
pozycji (genitive singular)
pozycji (genitive plural)
pozycyj (archaic genitive plural)
pozycji (dative singular)
pozycjom (dative plural)
pozycję (accusative singular)
pozycje (accusative plural)
pozycją (instrumental singular)
pozycjami (instrumental plural)
pozycji (locative singular)
pozycjach (locative plural)
pozycjo (singular vocative)
pozycje (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: pozycyjŏ

Learned borrowing from Latin positiō. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pozycja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

position (manner of placing something; posture)

position (status held in relation to other persons, countries, enterprises, things or phenomena)

(proscribed) position (specific rank obtained in a given classification)

position; item (object listed on a list)

work (artistic work of a particular type that is presented to the public at the same time together with other similar works)

(team sports) position (place on the playing field, together with a set of duties, assigned to a player)

(military) position (post; area prepared in a specific way in which a military unit defends itself)

(literary, proscribed) position (opinion, stand or stance)

(administration) position (specific job position held by a given person)

(chess) position (full state of a chess game at any given turn)


staza

staza (nominative singular)
stazy (nominative plural)
stazy (genitive singular)
staz (genitive plural)
stazie (dative singular)
stazom (dative plural)
stazę (accusative singular)
stazy (accusative plural)
stazą (instrumental singular)
stazami (instrumental plural)
stazie (locative singular)
stazach (locative plural)
stazo (singular vocative)
stazy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis).

lbor

(pathology) stasis (slackening or arrest of the blood current, due not to a lessening of the heart’s beat, but to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls)

(colloquial, medicine) tourniquet (tightly-compressed bandage used to stop bleeding by stopping the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb)


obrona

obrona (nominative singular)
obrony (nominative plural)
obrony (genitive singular)
obron (genitive plural)
obronie (dative singular)
obronom (dative plural)
obronę (accusative singular)
obrony (accusative plural)
obroną (instrumental singular)
obronami (instrumental plural)
obronie (locative singular)
obronach (locative plural)
obrono (singular vocative)
obrony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.

surf

+obj

defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]

(figuratively) defence (person defending)

defence (act of defending)
defence (person defending)

(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)

defence (act of defending)
care; protection

(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)

defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]

defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]

(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)

defence (person presenting such evidence)

(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)

defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)

(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)

(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)

(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)

(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)

(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)

(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)

(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain.


bańka

banieczka (diminutive)
bańka (nominative singular)
bańki (nominative plural)
bańki (genitive singular)
baniek (genitive plural)
bańce (dative singular)
bańkom (dative plural)
bańkę (accusative singular)
bańki (accusative plural)
bańką (instrumental singular)
bańkami (instrumental plural)
bańce (locative singular)
bańkach (locative plural)
bańko (singular vocative)
bańki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bańka. By surface analysis, bania + -ka. Compare Kashubian bańka.

can, churn (metal container for liquids with handles)

bubble (spherical object filled with gas, usually made of soap)

(obsolete, figurative) mug (bottle or other container with an alcoholic beverage)

(colloquial) one million big ones (one million of any currency, especially PLN)

(school slang, colloquial) F (failing grade)

(Kraków) bauble (small spherical decoration put on Christmas tree)

(obsolete) round, open, brick tar furnace

(obsolete) hunk, piece (some amount of something in a single mass, especially of salt)

(obsolete, medicine) swelling or bump in one's ear canal

Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus colocynthis#Translingual

(obsolete) bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis)

(Middle Polish) ball (any small round object)


tylda

tylda (nominative singular)
tyldy (nominative plural)
tyldy (genitive singular)
tyld (genitive plural)
tyldzie (dative singular)
tyldom (dative plural)
tyldę (accusative singular)
tyldy (accusative plural)
tyldą (instrumental singular)
tyldami (instrumental plural)
tyldzie (locative singular)
tyldach (locative plural)
tyldo (singular vocative)
tyldy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish tilde, from Latin titulus (“superscript”) or from tildar. Doublet of tytuł (“title”).


-grafia

-grafia (nominative singular)
-grafie (nominative plural)
-grafii (genitive singular)
-grafii (genitive plural)
-grafij (archaic genitive plural)
-grafii (dative singular)
-grafiom (dative plural)
-grafię (accusative singular)
-grafie (accusative plural)
-grafią (instrumental singular)
-grafiami (instrumental plural)
-grafii (locative singular)
-grafiach (locative plural)
-grafio (singular vocative)
-grafie (plural vocative)

krypto- + -grafia → kryptografia


miłość od pierwszego wejrzenia

/ˈmi.wɔɕt͡ɕ ɔt pjɛrˈfʂɛ.ɡɔ vɛjˈʐɛ.ɲa/


Bolonia

Bolonia (nominative singular)
Bolonii (genitive singular)
Bolonii (dative singular)
Bolonię (accusative singular)
Bolonią (instrumental singular)
Bolonii (locative singular)
Bolonio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Bologna or Medieval Latin Bolōnia, from Latin Bonōnia.


autotomia

autotomia (nominative singular)
autotomii (genitive singular)
autotomii (dative singular)
autotomię (accusative singular)
autotomią (instrumental singular)
autotomii (locative singular)
autotomio (singular vocative)


autotrofia

autotrofia (nominative singular)
autotrofii (genitive singular)
autotrofii (dative singular)
autotrofię (accusative singular)
autotrofią (instrumental singular)
autotrofii (locative singular)
autotrofio (singular vocative)


rozrywka

rozrywka (nominative singular)
rozrywki (nominative plural)
rozrywki (genitive singular)
rozrywek (genitive plural)
rozrywce (dative singular)
rozrywkom (dative plural)
rozrywkę (accusative singular)
rozrywki (accusative plural)
rozrywką (instrumental singular)
rozrywkami (instrumental plural)
rozrywce (locative singular)
rozrywkach (locative plural)
rozrywko (singular vocative)
rozrywki (plural vocative)


biobibliografia

biobibliografia (nominative singular)
biobibliografii (genitive singular)
biobibliografii (dative singular)
biobibliografię (accusative singular)
biobibliografią (instrumental singular)
biobibliografii (locative singular)
biobibliografio (singular vocative)

From bio- + bibliografia. First attested in 1968.


bionomia

bionomia (nominative singular)
bionomii (genitive singular)
bionomii (dative singular)
bionomię (accusative singular)
bionomią (instrumental singular)
bionomii (locative singular)
bionomio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -nomia. First attested in 1855.


bioenergia

bioenergia (nominative singular)
bioenergii (genitive singular)
bioenergii (dative singular)
bioenergię (accusative singular)
bioenergią (instrumental singular)
bioenergii (locative singular)
bioenergio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English bioenergy. By surface analysis, bio- + energia. First attested in 1964.

bioenergy (energy produced from a biological resource such as biomass or biofuel)

przekazywać bioenergię

leczyć bioenergią

(New Age) bioenergy (a form of spiritual energy or life force)


skrzynka

skrzyneczka (diminutive)
skrzynka (nominative singular)
skrzynki (nominative plural)
skrzynki (genitive singular)
skrzynek (genitive plural)
skrzynce (dative singular)
skrzynkom (dative plural)
skrzynkę (accusative singular)
skrzynki (accusative plural)
skrzynką (instrumental singular)
skrzynkami (instrumental plural)
skrzynce (locative singular)
skrzynkach (locative plural)
skrzynko (singular vocative)
skrzynki (plural vocative)

(computing) mailbox (electronic folder for email)


przenośnia

przenośnia (nominative singular)
przenośnie (nominative plural)
przenośni (genitive singular)
przenośni (genitive plural)
przenośni (dative singular)
przenośniom (dative plural)
przenośnię (accusative singular)
przenośnie (accusative plural)
przenośnią (instrumental singular)
przenośniami (instrumental plural)
przenośni (locative singular)
przenośniach (locative plural)
przenośnio (singular vocative)
przenośnie (plural vocative)

/pʂɛˈnɔɕ.ɲa/


Atarynka

Atarynka (nominative singular)
Atarynki (nominative plural)
Atarynki (genitive singular)
Atarynek (genitive plural)
Atarynce (dative singular)
Atarynkom (dative plural)
Atarynkę (accusative singular)
Atarynki (accusative plural)
Atarynką (instrumental singular)
Atarynkami (instrumental plural)
Atarynce (locative singular)
Atarynkach (locative plural)
Atarynko (singular vocative)
Atarynki (plural vocative)

Blend of Atari + katarynka (“barrel organ”)

blend

niestety, Atarynki nie mam już od dawna, więc raczej interesowałby mnie emulator...

1999 January 11, Jacek Popławski, “Re: 8bit. Atari jako terminal?”, in pl.comp.os.linux (Usenet)

I haven't had an Atari in a long time, so the emulator interests me more...

W wypadku komputerów najczęściej będzie to atarynka(Atari XE), komoda (Commodorec64) lub spektrumna (ZX Spectrum), a zatem ośmiobitowe maszyny z lat 80.
When it came to computers, it's most often going to be atarynka (Atari XE), komoda (Commodorec64), or spektrumna (ZX Spectrm), thus the 8-bit machines from the 80's.

2020 March 30, Bartek Chaciński, Wyż nisz. Od alterglobalistów do zośkarzy. 55 małych kultur, Otwarte

Bo jeżeli on słuchał przez wiele lat tych kilku melodii, które miała w swoim brzuchu Atarynka, a jednak musiał kręcić korbą - to co może być bardziej czyśćcowego?

1960, Sabina Sebyłowa, Okładka z Pegazem

Because if he listened to the songs in the belly of the Atari for maybe years, and still had to turn the crank, then what could be more purgatorial?

(slang) Atari personal computer, usually an Atari XL/XE or Atari ST


biofilia

biofilia (nominative singular)
biofilii (genitive singular)
biofilii (dative singular)
biofilię (accusative singular)
biofilią (instrumental singular)
biofilii (locative singular)
biofilio (singular vocative)

From bio- + -filia. First attested in 1954.

(psychology) biophilia (the biological drive to preserve oneself; love of life)


egzosfera

egzosfera (nominative singular)
egzosfery (nominative plural)
egzosfery (genitive singular)
egzosfer (genitive plural)
egzosferze (dative singular)
egzosferom (dative plural)
egzosferę (accusative singular)
egzosfery (accusative plural)
egzosferą (instrumental singular)
egzosferami (instrumental plural)
egzosferze (locative singular)
egzosferach (locative plural)
egzosfero (singular vocative)
egzosfery (plural vocative)


zdarzenie

zdarzenie (nominative singular)
zdarzenia (nominative plural)
zdarzenia (genitive singular)
zdarzeń (genitive plural)
zdarzeniu (dative singular)
zdarzeniom (dative plural)
zdarzenie (accusative singular)
zdarzenia (accusative plural)
zdarzeniem (instrumental singular)
zdarzeniami (instrumental plural)
zdarzeniu (locative singular)
zdarzeniach (locative plural)
zdarzenie (singular vocative)
zdarzenia (plural vocative)

(countable) event, happening, occurrence


mezosfera

mezosfera (nominative singular)
mezosfery (nominative plural)
mezosfery (genitive singular)
mezosfer (genitive plural)
mezosferze (dative singular)
mezosferom (dative plural)
mezosferę (accusative singular)
mezosfery (accusative plural)
mezosferą (instrumental singular)
mezosferami (instrumental plural)
mezosferze (locative singular)
mezosferach (locative plural)
mezosfero (singular vocative)
mezosfery (plural vocative)


kronika

kronika (nominative singular)
kroniki (nominative plural)
kroniki (genitive singular)
kronik (genitive plural)
kronice (dative singular)
kronikom (dative plural)
kronikę (accusative singular)
kroniki (accusative plural)
kroniką (instrumental singular)
kronikami (instrumental plural)
kronice (locative singular)
kronikach (locative plural)
kroniko (singular vocative)
kroniki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek χρονῐκός (khronikós).


jonosfera

jonosfera (nominative singular)
jonosfery (nominative plural)
jonosfery (genitive singular)
jonosfer (genitive plural)
jonosferze (dative singular)
jonosferom (dative plural)
jonosferę (accusative singular)
jonosfery (accusative plural)
jonosferą (instrumental singular)
jonosferami (instrumental plural)
jonosferze (locative singular)
jonosferach (locative plural)
jonosfero (singular vocative)
jonosfery (plural vocative)


bioterapia

bioterapia (nominative singular)
bioterapii (genitive singular)
bioterapii (dative singular)
bioterapię (accusative singular)
bioterapią (instrumental singular)
bioterapii (locative singular)
bioterapio (singular vocative)

From bio- + terapia. First attested in 1959.

alternative medicine
alternative medicine


biogeografia

biogeografia (nominative singular)
biogeografii (genitive singular)
biogeografii (dative singular)
biogeografię (accusative singular)
biogeografią (instrumental singular)
biogeografii (locative singular)
biogeografio (singular vocative)

From bio- + geografia. First attested in 1900, but in common usage only as of 1933.


guawa

guawa (nominative singular)
guawy (nominative plural)
guawy (genitive singular)
guaw (genitive plural)
guawie (dative singular)
guawom (dative plural)
guawę (accusative singular)
guawy (accusative plural)
guawą (instrumental singular)
guawami (instrumental plural)
guawie (locative singular)
guawach (locative plural)
guawo (singular vocative)
guawy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English guava, from Spanish guaya, a variant of guayaba, from Lokono guayabo.


gotówka

gotówka (nominative singular)
gotówki (genitive singular)
gotówce (dative singular)
gotówkę (accusative singular)
gotówką (instrumental singular)
gotówce (locative singular)
gotówko (singular vocative)

cash (money in the form of notes/bills and coins)


-eria

-eria (nominative singular)
-erie (nominative plural)
-erii (genitive singular)
-erii (genitive plural)
-eryj (archaic genitive plural)
-erii (dative singular)
-eriom (dative plural)
-erię (accusative singular)
-erie (accusative plural)
-erią (instrumental singular)
-eriami (instrumental plural)
-erii (locative singular)
-eriach (locative plural)
-erio (singular vocative)
-erie (plural vocative)

Janusz + -eria → januszeria

-ery, Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "a class, group, or collection of."

Janusz + -eria → januszeria

-ery, added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "behavior characteristic of."


Gwadelupa

Gwadelupa (nominative singular)
Gwadelupy (genitive singular)
Gwadelupie (dative singular)
Gwadelupę (accusative singular)
Gwadelupą (instrumental singular)
Gwadelupie (locative singular)
Gwadelupo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Guadeloupe, from Spanish Santa María de Guadalupe. (The Virgin Mary named after the Spanish town of Guadalupe in Extremadura.).

gl

administrative region
administrative region

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


dycha

dycha (nominative singular)
dychy (nominative plural)
dychy (genitive singular)
dych (genitive plural)
dysze (dative singular)
dychom (dative plural)
dychę (accusative singular)
dychy (accusative plural)
dychą (instrumental singular)
dychami (instrumental plural)
dysze (locative singular)
dychach (locative plural)
dycho (singular vocative)
dychy (plural vocative)


prezes

chairwoman, president (the primary leader of a corporation)


poczwarka

poczwarka (nominative singular)
poczwarki (nominative plural)
poczwarki (genitive singular)
poczwarek (genitive plural)
poczwarce (dative singular)
poczwarkom (dative plural)
poczwarkę (accusative singular)
poczwarki (accusative plural)
poczwarką (instrumental singular)
poczwarkami (instrumental plural)
poczwarce (locative singular)
poczwarkach (locative plural)
poczwarko (singular vocative)
poczwarki (plural vocative)

(entomology) pupa, pupe (insect in the development stage between larva and adult)

(lepidopterology) chrysalis (pupa of a butterfly or moth)


larwa

pl-noun

larwa f (diminutive larwka, related adjective larwalny)

larwka (diminutive)
larwalny (adjective)
larwa (nominative singular)
larwy (nominative plural)
larwy (genitive singular)
larw (genitive plural)
larwie (dative singular)
larwom (dative plural)
larwę (accusative singular)
larwy (accusative plural)
larwą (instrumental singular)
larwami (instrumental plural)
larwie (locative singular)
larwach (locative plural)
larwo (singular vocative)
larwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English larva, French larve, German Larve, ultimately from Latin lārva.

(entomology, lepidopterology) grub, larva, maggot (early stage of growth for some insects, in which after hatching from their egg, they are wingless and resemble a caterpillar or grub)

(batrachology) larva (early stage of growth for some amphibians, in which after hatching from their egg, they lack limbs and resemble fish)

(colloquial, derogatory) grub, maggot (despicable person)

(archaic) apparition, phantom, specter, spook, wraith


biel

biel (nominative singular)
bieli (genitive singular)
bieli (dative singular)
biel (accusative singular)
bielą (instrumental singular)
bieli (locative singular)
bieli (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish biel, from Proto-Slavic *bělь.

ubrany w biel


dola

dola (nominative singular)
dole (nominative plural)
doli (genitive singular)
dól (genitive plural)
dol (genitive plural)
doli (dative singular)
dolom (dative plural)
dolę (accusative singular)
dole (accusative plural)
dolą (instrumental singular)
dolami (instrumental plural)
doli (locative singular)
dolach (locative plural)
dolo (singular vocative)
dole (plural vocative)

(colloquial, crime) cut (share of goods from a robbery)


-cefalia

-cefalia (nominative singular)
-cefalii (genitive singular)
-cefalii (dative singular)
-cefalię (accusative singular)
-cefalią (instrumental singular)
-cefalii (locative singular)
-cefalio (singular vocative)

hydro- + -cefalia → hydrocefalia


Arkadia

pl-prop

Arkadia f (related adjective arkadyjski)

arkadyjski (adjective)
Arkadia (nominative singular)
Arkadii (genitive singular)
Arkadii (dative singular)
Arkadię (accusative singular)
Arkadią (instrumental singular)
Arkadii (locative singular)
Arkadio (singular vocative)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Arkadia (a village in the Gmina of Nieborów, Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)


Nowa Gwinea

Nowa Gwinea (nominative singular)
Nowej Gwinei (genitive singular)
Nowej Gwinei (dative singular)
Nową Gwineę (accusative singular)
Nową Gwineą (instrumental singular)
Nowej Gwinei (locative singular)
Nowa Gwineo (singular vocative)


Laponia

lapoński (adjective)
Laponia (nominative singular)
Laponii (genitive singular)
Laponii (dative singular)
Laponię (accusative singular)
Laponią (instrumental singular)
Laponii (locative singular)
Laponio (singular vocative)

Lapland (a region in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden)


sałatka

sałatkowy (adjective)
sałatka (nominative singular)
sałatki (nominative plural)
sałatki (genitive singular)
sałatek (genitive plural)
sałatce (dative singular)
sałatkom (dative plural)
sałatkę (accusative singular)
sałatki (accusative plural)
sałatką (instrumental singular)
sałatkami (instrumental plural)
sałatce (locative singular)
sałatkach (locative plural)
sałatko (singular vocative)
sałatki (plural vocative)

salad (food made primarily of a mixture of raw or cold ingredients, typically vegetables, usually served with a dressing such as vinegar or mayonnaise)


choroba Alzheimera

choroba Alzheimera (nominative singular)
choroby Alzheimera (genitive singular)
chorobie Alzheimera (dative singular)
chorobę Alzheimera (accusative singular)
chorobą Alzheimera (instrumental singular)
chorobie Alzheimera (locative singular)
chorobo Alzheimera (singular vocative)

(neurology, pathology) Alzheimer's disease (disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type)


wróżka

wróżka (nominative singular)
wróżki (nominative plural)
wróżki (genitive singular)
wróżek (genitive plural)
wróżce (dative singular)
wróżkom (dative plural)
wróżkę (accusative singular)
wróżki (accusative plural)
wróżką (instrumental singular)
wróżkami (instrumental plural)
wróżce (locative singular)
wróżkach (locative plural)
wróżko (singular vocative)
wróżki (plural vocative)


enerdowska

inflection of enerdowski:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of enerdowski:
feminine vocative singular


Lucerna

Lucerna f (related adjective lucerneński)

lucerneński (adjective)
Lucerna (nominative singular)
Lucerny (genitive singular)
Lucernie (dative singular)
Lucernę (accusative singular)
Lucerną (instrumental singular)
Lucernie (locative singular)
Lucerno (singular vocative)

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


sierść

sierść (nominative singular)
sierści (nominative plural)
sierści (genitive singular)
sierści (genitive plural)
sierści (dative singular)
sierściom (dative plural)
sierść (accusative singular)
sierści (accusative plural)
sierścią (instrumental singular)
sierściami (instrumental plural)
sierści (locative singular)
sierściach (locative plural)
sierści (singular vocative)
sierści (plural vocative)

fur (hairy coat of a mammal, especially when fine, soft and thick)

hair (coat of a mammal, used only with reference to animals)


koronka

koronka (nominative singular)
koronki (nominative plural)
koronki (genitive singular)
koronek (genitive plural)
koronce (dative singular)
koronkom (dative plural)
koronkę (accusative singular)
koronki (accusative plural)
koronką (instrumental singular)
koronkami (instrumental plural)
koronce (locative singular)
koronkach (locative plural)
koronko (singular vocative)
koronki (plural vocative)


paczka

pl-noun

paczka f (diminutive paczuszka, augmentative paka)

paczuszka (diminutive)
paka (augmentative)
paczka (nominative singular)
paczki (nominative plural)
paczki (genitive singular)
paczek (genitive plural)
paczce (dative singular)
paczkom (dative plural)
paczkę (accusative singular)
paczki (accusative plural)
paczką (instrumental singular)
paczkami (instrumental plural)
paczce (locative singular)
paczkach (locative plural)
paczko (singular vocative)
paczki (plural vocative)

(colloquial, software) package (specially prepared software)


tchawica

tchawica (nominative singular)
tchawice (nominative plural)
tchawicy (genitive singular)
tchawic (genitive plural)
tchawicy (dative singular)
tchawicom (dative plural)
tchawicę (accusative singular)
tchawice (accusative plural)
tchawicą (instrumental singular)
tchawicami (instrumental plural)
tchawicy (locative singular)
tchawicach (locative plural)
tchawico (singular vocative)
tchawice (plural vocative)


niepewność

niepewność (nominative singular)
niepewności (genitive singular)
niepewności (dative singular)
niepewność (accusative singular)
niepewnością (instrumental singular)
niepewności (locative singular)
niepewności (singular vocative)

/ɲɛˈpɛv.nɔɕt͡ɕ/

uncertainty (doubt; the condition of being uncertain)


Anastazja

Anastazy (masculine)
Anastazja (nominative singular)
Anastazje (nominative plural)
Anastazji (genitive singular)
Anastazji (genitive plural)
Anastazyj (archaic genitive plural)
Anastazji (dative singular)
Anastazjom (dative plural)
Anastazję (accusative singular)
Anastazje (accusative plural)
Anastazją (instrumental singular)
Anastazjami (instrumental plural)
Anastazji (locative singular)
Anastazjach (locative plural)
Anastazjo (singular vocative)
Anastazje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀναστασία (Anastasía).

lbor

a female given name, equivalent to English Anastasia


bułka z masłem

bułka z masłem (nominative singular)
bułki z masłem (nominative plural)
bułki z masłem (genitive singular)
bułek z masłem (genitive plural)
bułce z masłem (dative singular)
bułkom z masłem (dative plural)
bułkę z masłem (accusative singular)
bułki z masłem (accusative plural)
bułką z masłem (instrumental singular)
bułkami z masłem (instrumental plural)
bułce z masłem (locative singular)
bułkach z masłem (locative plural)
bułko z masłem (singular vocative)
bułki z masłem (plural vocative)

(idiomatic) piece of cake, walk in the park

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see bułka, z, masło.


pieriestrojka

pieriestrojka (nominative singular)
pieriestrojki (genitive singular)
pieriestrojce (dative singular)
pieriestrojkę (accusative singular)
pieriestrojką (instrumental singular)
pieriestrojce (locative singular)
pieriestrojko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).

bor+

перестро́йка

(historical) perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)


pierestrojka

pierestrojka (nominative singular)
pierestrojki (genitive singular)
pierestrojce (dative singular)
pierestrojkę (accusative singular)
pierestrojką (instrumental singular)
pierestrojce (locative singular)
pierestrojko (singular vocative)

перестро́йка

(historical) Alternative spelling of pieriestrojka


insurekcja

pl-noun

insurekcja f (related adjective insurekcyjny)

insurekcyjny (adjective)
insurekcja (nominative singular)
insurekcje (nominative plural)
insurekcji (genitive singular)
insurekcji (genitive plural)
insurekcyj (archaic genitive plural)
insurekcji (dative singular)
insurekcjom (dative plural)
insurekcję (accusative singular)
insurekcje (accusative plural)
insurekcją (instrumental singular)
insurekcjami (instrumental plural)
insurekcji (locative singular)
insurekcjach (locative plural)
insurekcjo (singular vocative)
insurekcje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin īnsurrēctiō.

lbor

(government, literary, politics) uprising, rising, insurrection, rebellion


słonka

słonka (nominative singular)
słonki (nominative plural)
słonki (genitive singular)
słonek (genitive plural)
słonce (dative singular)
słonkom (dative plural)
słonkę (accusative singular)
słonki (accusative plural)
słonką (instrumental singular)
słonkami (instrumental plural)
słonce (locative singular)
słonkach (locative plural)
słonko (singular vocative)
słonki (plural vocative)

Scolopax rusticola
Scolopax rusticola#Translingual

woodcock (any bird in the genus Scolopax), especially the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola)


złota rączka

złota rączka (nominative singular)
złote rączki (nominative plural)
złotej rączki (genitive singular)
złotych rączek (genitive plural)
złotej rączce (dative singular)
złotym rączkom (dative plural)
złotą rączkę (accusative singular)
złote rączki (accusative plural)
złotą rączką (instrumental singular)
złotymi rączkami (instrumental plural)
złotej rączce (locative singular)
złotych rączkach (locative plural)
złota rączko (singular vocative)
złote rączki (plural vocative)


prekognicja

prekognicja (nominative singular)
prekognicje (nominative plural)
prekognicji (genitive singular)
prekognicji (genitive plural)
prekognicyj (archaic genitive plural)
prekognicji (dative singular)
prekognicjom (dative plural)
prekognicję (accusative singular)
prekognicje (accusative plural)
prekognicją (instrumental singular)
prekognicjami (instrumental plural)
prekognicji (locative singular)
prekognicjach (locative plural)
prekognicjo (singular vocative)
prekognicje (plural vocative)

precognition (knowledge of something that is to occur in the future)


tasza

tasza (nominative singular)
tasze (nominative plural)
taszy (genitive singular)
tasz (genitive plural)
taszy (dative singular)
taszom (dative plural)
taszę (accusative singular)
tasze (accusative plural)
taszą (instrumental singular)
taszami (instrumental plural)
taszy (locative singular)
taszach (locative plural)
taszo (singular vocative)
tasze (plural vocative)

Cyclopterus lumpus
Wikispecies:Cyclopterus lumpus

lumpsucker, lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)


stonka ziemniaczana

stonka ziemniaczana (nominative singular)
stonki ziemniaczane (nominative plural)
stonki ziemniaczanej (genitive singular)
stonek ziemniaczanych (genitive plural)
stonce ziemniaczanej (dative singular)
stonkom ziemniaczanym (dative plural)
stonkę ziemniaczaną (accusative singular)
stonki ziemniaczane (accusative plural)
stonką ziemniaczaną (instrumental singular)
stonkami ziemniaczanymi (instrumental plural)
stonce ziemniaczanej (locative singular)
stonkach ziemniaczanych (locative plural)
stonko ziemniaczana (singular vocative)
stonki ziemniaczane (plural vocative)

Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Leptinotarsa decemlineata#Translingual

potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)


Chanuka

chanukowy (adjective)
Chanuka (nominative singular)
Chanuki (genitive singular)
Chanuce (dative singular)
Chanukę (accusative singular)
Chanuką (instrumental singular)
Chanuce (locative singular)
Chanuko (singular vocative)

(Judaism) Hanukkah (eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians)


Zatoka Botnicka

Zatoka Botnicka (nominative singular)
Zatoki Botnickiej (genitive singular)
Zatoce Botnickiej (dative singular)
Zatokę Botnicką (accusative singular)
Zatoką Botnicką (instrumental singular)
Zatoce Botnickiej (locative singular)
Zatoko Botnicka (singular vocative)


menora

menora (nominative singular)
menory (nominative plural)
menory (genitive singular)
menor (genitive plural)
menorze (dative singular)
menorom (dative plural)
menorę (accusative singular)
menory (accusative plural)
menorą (instrumental singular)
menorami (instrumental plural)
menorze (locative singular)
menorach (locative plural)
menoro (singular vocative)
menory (plural vocative)


widownia

widownia (nominative singular)
widownie (nominative plural)
widowni (genitive singular)
widowni (genitive plural)
widowni (dative singular)
widowniom (dative plural)
widownię (accusative singular)
widownie (accusative plural)
widownią (instrumental singular)
widowniami (instrumental plural)
widowni (locative singular)
widowniach (locative plural)
widownio (singular vocative)
widownie (plural vocative)

audience (group of people seeing a performance)

auditorium (part of a theater, cinema etc. where the audience sits)


wiklina

wiklina (nominative singular)
wikliny (nominative plural)
wikliny (genitive singular)
wiklin (genitive plural)
wiklinie (dative singular)
wiklinom (dative plural)
wiklinę (accusative singular)
wikliny (accusative plural)
wikliną (instrumental singular)
wiklinami (instrumental plural)
wiklinie (locative singular)
wiklinach (locative plural)
wiklino (singular vocative)
wikliny (plural vocative)

purple willow, purple osier (Salix purpurea)

(singular only) thicket of willow shrubs


pasta do zębów

pasta do zębów (nominative singular)
pasty do zębów (nominative plural)
pasty do zębów (genitive singular)
past do zębów (genitive plural)
paście do zębów (dative singular)
pastom do zębów (dative plural)
pastę do zębów (accusative singular)
pasty do zębów (accusative plural)
pastą do zębów (instrumental singular)
pastami do zębów (instrumental plural)
paście do zębów (locative singular)
pastach do zębów (locative plural)
pasto do zębów (singular vocative)
pasty do zębów (plural vocative)


kompresja

kompresja (nominative singular)
kompresje (nominative plural)
kompresji (genitive singular)
kompresji (genitive plural)
kompresyj (archaic genitive plural)
kompresji (dative singular)
kompresjom (dative plural)
kompresję (accusative singular)
kompresje (accusative plural)
kompresją (instrumental singular)
kompresjami (instrumental plural)
kompresji (locative singular)
kompresjach (locative plural)
kompresjo (singular vocative)
kompresje (plural vocative)


pigułka

pigułeczka (diminutive)
pigułka (nominative singular)
pigułki (nominative plural)
pigułki (genitive singular)
pigułek (genitive plural)
pigułce (dative singular)
pigułkom (dative plural)
pigułkę (accusative singular)
pigułki (accusative plural)
pigułką (instrumental singular)
pigułkami (instrumental plural)
pigułce (locative singular)
pigułkach (locative plural)
pigułko (singular vocative)
pigułki (plural vocative)

pill (small portion of a drug or drugs to be taken orally)


goleń

goleń (nominative singular)
golenie (nominative plural)
goleni (genitive singular)
goleni (genitive plural)
goleni (dative singular)
goleniom (dative plural)
goleń (accusative singular)
golenie (accusative plural)
golenią (instrumental singular)
goleniami (instrumental plural)
goleni (locative singular)
goleniach (locative plural)
goleni (singular vocative)
golenie (plural vocative)

shin, front part of the leg below the knee

strut, load-bearing part of the landing gear of an aircraft that connects the wheels to the fuselage


sumerologia

sumerologia (nominative singular)
sumerologii (genitive singular)
sumerologii (dative singular)
sumerologię (accusative singular)
sumerologią (instrumental singular)
sumerologii (locative singular)
sumerologio (singular vocative)


soteriologia

soteriologia (nominative singular)
soteriologii (genitive singular)
soteriologii (dative singular)
soteriologię (accusative singular)
soteriologią (instrumental singular)
soteriologii (locative singular)
soteriologio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin soteriologia, from Ancient Greek σωτηριολογία (sōtēriología).

der

σωτηριολογία

(theology) soteriology (study of salvation)

(Christianity) soteriology (doctrine of the redemption of the world by Christ)


Mandżuria

Mandżuria (nominative singular)
Mandżurii (genitive singular)
Mandżurii (dative singular)
Mandżurię (accusative singular)
Mandżurią (instrumental singular)
Mandżurii (locative singular)
Mandżurio (singular vocative)


jucha

jucha (nominative singular)
juchy (genitive singular)
jusze (dative singular)
juchę (accusative singular)
juchą (instrumental singular)
jusze (locative singular)
jucho (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: юха́ (juxá)

→ Ukrainian: юха́ (juxá)


jucha

jucha (nominative singular)
juchowie (nominative plural)
juchy (derogatory nominative plural)
juchy (genitive singular)
juchów (genitive plural)
jusze (dative singular)
juchom (dative plural)
juchę (accusative singular)
juchów (accusative plural)
juchą (instrumental singular)
juchami (instrumental plural)
jusze (locative singular)
juchach (locative plural)
jucho (singular vocative)
juchowie (plural vocative)
jucha (nominative singular)
juchy (nominative plural)
juchy (genitive singular)
juch (genitive plural)
jusze (dative singular)
juchom (dative plural)
juchę (accusative singular)
juchy (accusative plural)
juchą (instrumental singular)
juchami (instrumental plural)
jusze (locative singular)
juchach (locative plural)
jucho (singular vocative)
juchy (plural vocative)


głoska

głoska (nominative singular)
głoski (nominative plural)
głoski (genitive singular)
głosek (genitive plural)
głosce (dative singular)
głoskom (dative plural)
głoskę (accusative singular)
głoski (accusative plural)
głoską (instrumental singular)
głoskami (instrumental plural)
głosce (locative singular)
głoskach (locative plural)
głosko (singular vocative)
głoski (plural vocative)

From głos + -ka. Calque of French phone, from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ).


kapturka

kapturka (nominative singular)
kapturki (nominative plural)
kapturki (genitive singular)
kapturek (genitive plural)
kapturce (dative singular)
kapturkom (dative plural)
kapturkę (accusative singular)
kapturki (accusative plural)
kapturką (instrumental singular)
kapturkami (instrumental plural)
kapturce (locative singular)
kapturkach (locative plural)
kapturko (singular vocative)
kapturki (plural vocative)

Sylvia atricapilla
Sylvia atricapilla#Translingual


ryboza

ryboza (nominative singular)
rybozy (genitive singular)
rybozie (dative singular)
rybozę (accusative singular)
rybozą (instrumental singular)
rybozie (locative singular)
rybozo (singular vocative)


maltoza

maltoza (nominative singular)
maltozy (genitive singular)
maltozie (dative singular)
maltozę (accusative singular)
maltozą (instrumental singular)
maltozie (locative singular)
maltozo (singular vocative)


ksyloza

ksyloza (nominative singular)
ksylozy (genitive singular)
ksylozie (dative singular)
ksylozę (accusative singular)
ksylozą (instrumental singular)
ksylozie (locative singular)
ksylozo (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon) + -oza.


sacharoza

sacharoza (nominative singular)
sacharozy (genitive singular)
sacharozie (dative singular)
sacharozę (accusative singular)
sacharozą (instrumental singular)
sacharozie (locative singular)
sacharozo (singular vocative)


laktoza

laktoza (nominative singular)
laktozy (genitive singular)
laktozie (dative singular)
laktozę (accusative singular)
laktozą (instrumental singular)
laktozie (locative singular)
laktozo (singular vocative)


fruktoza

fruktoza (nominative singular)
fruktozy (genitive singular)
fruktozie (dative singular)
fruktozę (accusative singular)
fruktozą (instrumental singular)
fruktozie (locative singular)
fruktozo (singular vocative)


cukrzyca

cukrzyca (nominative singular)
cukrzyce (nominative plural)
cukrzycy (genitive singular)
cukrzyc (genitive plural)
cukrzycy (dative singular)
cukrzycom (dative plural)
cukrzycę (accusative singular)
cukrzyce (accusative plural)
cukrzycą (instrumental singular)
cukrzycami (instrumental plural)
cukrzycy (locative singular)
cukrzycach (locative plural)
cukrzyco (singular vocative)
cukrzyce (plural vocative)


birbanteria

birbanteria (nominative singular)
birbanterii (genitive singular)
birbanterii (dative singular)
birbanterię (accusative singular)
birbanterią (instrumental singular)
birbanterii (locative singular)
birbanterio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian birbanteria. By surface analysis, birbant + -eria. First attested in 1905.

(dated, rare) traits associated with revelers


glukoza

glukoza (nominative singular)
glukozy (genitive singular)
glukozie (dative singular)
glukozę (accusative singular)
glukozą (instrumental singular)
glukozie (locative singular)
glukozo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English glucose, French glucose, German Glukose, ultimately from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos).


afrykata

afrykata (nominative singular)
afrykaty (nominative plural)
afrykaty (genitive singular)
afrykat (genitive plural)
afrykacie (dative singular)
afrykatom (dative plural)
afrykatę (accusative singular)
afrykaty (accusative plural)
afrykatą (instrumental singular)
afrykatami (instrumental plural)
afrykacie (locative singular)
afrykatach (locative plural)
afrykato (singular vocative)
afrykaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Affrikate, from Latin affricatus. First attested in 1900.


abaja

abaja (nominative singular)
abaje (nominative plural)
abai (genitive singular)
abaj (genitive plural)
abai (dative singular)
abajom (dative plural)
abaję (accusative singular)
abaje (accusative plural)
abają (instrumental singular)
abajami (instrumental plural)
abai (locative singular)
abajach (locative plural)
abajo (singular vocative)
abaje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic عَبَايَة (ʕabāya). First attested in 1881.

ref

Tygodnik Mód i Powieści : z dodatkiem illustrowanym ubrań i robót kobiecych (in Polish), number 45, 1881, page 1

Jeśli chodzi o strój to początkowo ograniczony był do czarnej abaji i chusty, […]

2014, Izabela Adamczyk, “Fulla-Barbie w hidżabie: analiza fenomenu i jego odbiór społeczny”, in Fulla - Barbie w hidżabie : analiza fenomenu i jego odbiór społeczny, Kraków: AT Wydawnictwo

When it comes to the outfite then initially he was limited to a black abaya and a headscarf, […]

Często pod abają kobiety noszą markową odzież uznanych kreatorów mody, którą ze względów obyczajowych na leży zakryć.

2016, Aldona Maria Piwko, “Muzułmański feminizm? Nowoczesna kobieta w tradycji islamu”, in Biblioteka Teologii Fundamentalnej

Women often wear brand clothes recognized by fashion designers under an abaya, that they need to cover due to custom reasons.

Evelyn Cobbold nie ubiera się do zdjęcia w męską abaję, ale nadal jest traktowana raczej jak mężczyzna niż jak kobieta.

2019, Ewa Łukaszyk, “Stawanie się Orientem. Wyprawy Europejczyków do Mekki jako doświadczenie transkulturowe późnej epoki kolonialnej”, in Litteraria Copernicana, number 1 (29)/, →ISSN, pages 109–117

Evelyn Cobbold does not dress up for the picture in a men's abaya, but is still treated more like a man than a woman.


rzeź

rzeź (nominative singular)
rzezie (nominative plural)
rzezi (genitive singular)
rzezi (genitive plural)
rzezi (dative singular)
rzeziom (dative plural)
rzeź (accusative singular)
rzezie (accusative plural)
rzezią (instrumental singular)
rzeziami (instrumental plural)
rzezi (locative singular)
rzeziach (locative plural)
rzezi (singular vocative)
rzezie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rězь. Cognate with Czech řez, Russian рез (rez)

(dated or literary) slaughter, killing an animal to harvest its meat


rzodkiewka

rzodkieweczka (diminutive)
rzodkiewka (nominative singular)
rzodkiewki (nominative plural)
rzodkiewki (genitive singular)
rzodkiewek (genitive plural)
rzodkiewce (dative singular)
rzodkiewkom (dative plural)
rzodkiewkę (accusative singular)
rzodkiewki (accusative plural)
rzodkiewką (instrumental singular)
rzodkiewkami (instrumental plural)
rzodkiewce (locative singular)
rzodkiewkach (locative plural)
rzodkiewko (singular vocative)
rzodkiewki (plural vocative)

Wikispecies:Raphanus sativus var. sativus


higiena

higiena (nominative singular)
higieny (genitive singular)
higienie (dative singular)
higienę (accusative singular)
higieną (instrumental singular)
higienie (locative singular)
higieno (singular vocative)


łódka

łódeczka (diminutive)
łódka (nominative singular)
łódki (nominative plural)
łódki (genitive singular)
łódek (genitive plural)
łódce (dative singular)
łódkom (dative plural)
łódkę (accusative singular)
łódki (accusative plural)
łódką (instrumental singular)
łódkami (instrumental plural)
łódce (locative singular)
łódkach (locative plural)
łódko (singular vocative)
łódki (plural vocative)


znajomość

znajomość (nominative singular)
znajomości (nominative plural)
znajomości (genitive singular)
znajomości (genitive plural)
znajomości (dative singular)
znajomościom (dative plural)
znajomość (accusative singular)
znajomości (accusative plural)
znajomością (instrumental singular)
znajomościami (instrumental plural)
znajomości (locative singular)
znajomościach (locative plural)
znajomości (singular vocative)
znajomości (plural vocative)

knowledge, understanding, familiarity, acquaintance


spiżarnia

spiżarnia (nominative singular)
spiżarnie (nominative plural)
spiżarni (genitive singular)
spiżarni (genitive plural)
spiżarń (genitive plural)
spiżarni (dative singular)
spiżarniom (dative plural)
spiżarnię (accusative singular)
spiżarnie (accusative plural)
spiżarnią (instrumental singular)
spiżarniami (instrumental plural)
spiżarni (locative singular)
spiżarniach (locative plural)
spiżarnio (singular vocative)
spiżarnie (plural vocative)

pantry, larder (a place for storing uncooled food)


budziszynianka

budziszynianka (nominative singular)
budziszynianki (nominative plural)
budziszynianki (genitive singular)
budziszynianek (genitive plural)
budziszyniance (dative singular)
budziszyniankom (dative plural)
budziszyniankę (accusative singular)
budziszynianki (accusative plural)
budziszynianką (instrumental singular)
budziszyniankami (instrumental plural)
budziszyniance (locative singular)
budziszyniankach (locative plural)
budziszynianko (singular vocative)
budziszynianki (plural vocative)


beka

beka (nominative singular)
beki (nominative plural)
beki (genitive singular)
bek (genitive plural)
bece (dative singular)
bekom (dative plural)
bekę (accusative singular)
beki (accusative plural)
beką (instrumental singular)
bekami (instrumental plural)
bece (locative singular)
bekach (locative plural)
beko (singular vocative)
beki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) lardass, fatty, landwhale (a fat person)

robić/mieć z kogoś bekę

robić coś dla beki

(slang) kicks, fun or amusement at somebody's expense; ridicule


dżelada

dżelada (nominative singular)
dżelady (nominative plural)
dżelady (genitive singular)
dżelad (genitive plural)
dżeladzie (dative singular)
dżeladom (dative plural)
dżeladę (accusative singular)
dżelady (accusative plural)
dżeladą (instrumental singular)
dżeladami (instrumental plural)
dżeladzie (locative singular)
dżeladach (locative plural)
dżelado (singular vocative)
dżelady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English gelada, from Amharic ጭላዳ (č̣əlada).


copypasta

copypasta (nominative singular)
copypasty (nominative plural)
copypasty (genitive singular)
copypast (genitive plural)
copypaście (dative singular)
copypastom (dative plural)
copypastę (accusative singular)
copypasty (accusative plural)
copypastą (instrumental singular)
copypastami (instrumental plural)
copypaście (locative singular)
copypastach (locative plural)
copypasto (singular vocative)
copypasty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English copypasta.

ubor

(Internet slang) copypasta (block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else)


Paulinka

Paulinka (nominative singular)
Paulinki (nominative plural)
Paulinki (genitive singular)
Paulinek (genitive plural)
Paulince (dative singular)
Paulinkom (dative plural)
Paulinkę (accusative singular)
Paulinki (accusative plural)
Paulinką (instrumental singular)
Paulinkami (instrumental plural)
Paulince (locative singular)
Paulinkach (locative plural)
Paulinko (singular vocative)
Paulinki (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Paulina


hipnoza

hipnoza (nominative singular)
hipnozy (nominative plural)
hipnozy (genitive singular)
hipnoz (genitive plural)
hipnozie (dative singular)
hipnozom (dative plural)
hipnozę (accusative singular)
hipnozy (accusative plural)
hipnozą (instrumental singular)
hipnozami (instrumental plural)
hipnozie (locative singular)
hipnozach (locative plural)
hipnozo (singular vocative)
hipnozy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English hypnosis, French hypnose, German Hypnose, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos). Doublet of Hypnos and sen.


córa

córka (diminutive)
córa (nominative singular)
córy (nominative plural)
córy (genitive singular)
cór (genitive plural)
córze (dative singular)
córom (dative plural)
córę (accusative singular)
córy (accusative plural)
córą (instrumental singular)
córami (instrumental plural)
córze (locative singular)
córach (locative plural)
córo (singular vocative)
córy (plural vocative)


cnota

cnota (nominative singular)
cnoty (nominative plural)
cnoty (genitive singular)
cnót (genitive plural)
cnocie (dative singular)
cnotom (dative plural)
cnotę (accusative singular)
cnoty (accusative plural)
cnotą (instrumental singular)
cnotami (instrumental plural)
cnocie (locative singular)
cnotach (locative plural)
cnoto (singular vocative)
cnoty (plural vocative)

→ Old Ruthenian: цно́та (cnóta)

Belarusian: цно́та (cnóta)

Ukrainian: цно́та (cnóta); сно́та (snóta) (dialectal)

Inherited from Old Polish czsnota. By surface analysis, cny + -ota.

pas cnoty


całka oznaczona

Coordinate term: całka nieoznaczona


Tekla

Tekla (nominative singular)
Tekle (nominative plural)
Tekli (genitive singular)
Tekli (genitive plural)
Tekli (dative singular)
Teklom (dative plural)
Teklę (accusative singular)
Tekle (accusative plural)
Teklą (instrumental singular)
Teklami (instrumental plural)
Tekli (locative singular)
Teklach (locative plural)
Teklo (singular vocative)
Tekle (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θεοκλεία (Theokleía).

lbor

a female given name, equivalent to English Thecla


Bazylea

Bazylea (nominative singular)
Bazylei (genitive singular)
Bazylei (dative singular)
Bazyleę (accusative singular)
Bazyleą (instrumental singular)
Bazylei (locative singular)
Bazyleo (singular vocative)


miażdżyca

miażdżyca (nominative singular)
miażdżycy (genitive singular)
miażdżycy (dative singular)
miażdżycę (accusative singular)
miażdżycą (instrumental singular)
miażdżycy (locative singular)
miażdżyco (singular vocative)


dyssypacja

dyssypacja (nominative singular)
dyssypacje (nominative plural)
dyssypacji (genitive singular)
dyssypacji (genitive plural)
dyssypacyj (archaic genitive plural)
dyssypacji (dative singular)
dyssypacjom (dative plural)
dyssypację (accusative singular)
dyssypacje (accusative plural)
dyssypacją (instrumental singular)
dyssypacjami (instrumental plural)
dyssypacji (locative singular)
dyssypacjach (locative plural)
dyssypacjo (singular vocative)
dyssypacje (plural vocative)


racica

racica (nominative singular)
racice (nominative plural)
racicy (genitive singular)
racic (genitive plural)
racicy (dative singular)
racicom (dative plural)
racicę (accusative singular)
racice (accusative plural)
racicą (instrumental singular)
racicami (instrumental plural)
racicy (locative singular)
racicach (locative plural)
racico (singular vocative)
racice (plural vocative)

From northern Proto-Slavic *ortica, from *ortь, from *orati.


tętnica

tętnica (nominative singular)
tętnice (nominative plural)
tętnicy (genitive singular)
tętnic (genitive plural)
tętnicy (dative singular)
tętnicom (dative plural)
tętnicę (accusative singular)
tętnice (accusative plural)
tętnicą (instrumental singular)
tętnicami (instrumental plural)
tętnicy (locative singular)
tętnicach (locative plural)
tętnico (singular vocative)
tętnice (plural vocative)

tętnica udowa

(anatomy) artery (blood vessel from the heart)


płetwa

płetwa (nominative singular)
płetwy (nominative plural)
płetwy (genitive singular)
płetw (genitive plural)
płetwie (dative singular)
płetwom (dative plural)
płetwę (accusative singular)
płetwy (accusative plural)
płetwą (instrumental singular)
płetwami (instrumental plural)
płetwie (locative singular)
płetwach (locative plural)
płetwo (singular vocative)
płetwy (plural vocative)

Perhaps inherited from Old Polish plutwa.

fin, flipper (limb evolved for movement through water)


białaczka

białaczka (nominative singular)
białaczki (genitive singular)
białaczce (dative singular)
białaczkę (accusative singular)
białaczką (instrumental singular)
białaczce (locative singular)
białaczko (singular vocative)

From biały + -aczka. Calque of New Latin leucaemia, from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós) + αἷμα (haîma). First attested in 1837.

białaczka enzootyczna

białaczka limfatyczna

białaczka szpikowa

ostra białaczka

białaczka u dzieci

przypadek białaczki

chory na białaczkę

leczyć białaczkę

stwierdzić białaczkę


Mirka

Mirka (nominative singular)
Mirki (nominative plural)
Mirki (genitive singular)
Mirek (genitive plural)
Mirce (dative singular)
Mirkom (dative plural)
Mirkę (accusative singular)
Mirki (accusative plural)
Mirką (instrumental singular)
Mirkami (instrumental plural)
Mirce (locative singular)
Mirkach (locative plural)
Mirko (singular vocative)
Mirki (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Mirosława


-fonia

-fonia (nominative singular)
-fonie (nominative plural)
-fonii (genitive singular)
-fonii (genitive plural)
-fonij (archaic genitive plural)
-fonii (dative singular)
-foniom (dative plural)
-fonię (accusative singular)
-fonie (accusative plural)
-fonią (instrumental singular)
-foniami (instrumental plural)
-fonii (locative singular)
-foniach (locative plural)
-fonio (singular vocative)
-fonie (plural vocative)

a- + -fonia → afonia


fonia

fonia (nominative singular)
fonie (nominative plural)
fonii (genitive singular)
fonii (genitive plural)
fonij (archaic genitive plural)
fonii (dative singular)
foniom (dative plural)
fonię (accusative singular)
fonie (accusative plural)
fonią (instrumental singular)
foniami (instrumental plural)
fonii (locative singular)
foniach (locative plural)
fonio (singular vocative)
fonie (plural vocative)

(radio, television) audio (sound signal)


prostytucja

prostytucja (nominative singular)
prostytucji (genitive singular)
prostytucji (dative singular)
prostytucję (accusative singular)
prostytucją (instrumental singular)
prostytucji (locative singular)
prostytucjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French prostitution, from Latin prōstitūtiō.


plątanina

plątanina (nominative singular)
plątaniny (genitive singular)
plątaninie (dative singular)
plątaninę (accusative singular)
plątaniną (instrumental singular)
plątaninie (locative singular)
plątanino (singular vocative)

(colloquial) tangle (tangled twisted mass)


szerokość geograficzna

szerokość geograficzna (nominative singular)
szerokości geograficzne (nominative plural)
szerokości geograficznej (genitive singular)
szerokości geograficznych (genitive plural)
szerokości geograficznej (dative singular)
szerokościom geograficznym (dative plural)
szerokość geograficzną (accusative singular)
szerokości geograficzne (accusative plural)
szerokością geograficzną (instrumental singular)
szerokościami geograficznymi (instrumental plural)
szerokości geograficznej (locative singular)
szerokościach geograficznych (locative plural)
szerokości geograficzna (singular vocative)
szerokości geograficzne (plural vocative)

(geography) latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator)


endospora

endospora (nominative singular)
endospory (nominative plural)
endospory (genitive singular)
endospor (genitive plural)
endosporze (dative singular)
endosporom (dative plural)
endosporę (accusative singular)
endospory (accusative plural)
endosporą (instrumental singular)
endosporami (instrumental plural)
endosporze (locative singular)
endosporach (locative plural)
endosporo (singular vocative)
endospory (plural vocative)


katorga

katorga (nominative singular)
katorgi (nominative plural)
katorgi (genitive singular)
katorg (genitive plural)
katordze (dative singular)
katorgom (dative plural)
katorgę (accusative singular)
katorgi (accusative plural)
katorgą (instrumental singular)
katorgami (instrumental plural)
katordze (locative singular)
katorgach (locative plural)
katorgo (singular vocative)
katorgi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ка́торга (kátorga), from Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos).

der

(historical, Soviet Union) katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)