telepatia

pl-noun

telepatia f (related adjective telepatyczny)

telepatyczny (adjective)
telepatia (nominative singular)
telepatii (genitive singular)
telepatii (dative singular)
telepatię (accusative singular)
telepatią (instrumental singular)
telepatii (locative singular)
telepatio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English telepathy, French télépathie, German Telepathie, ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle) + -πάθεια (-pátheia). By surface analysis, tele- + -patia.

(parapsychology) telepathy (capability to communicate directly by psychic means; the sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation)


prostata

prostata (nominative singular)
prostaty (nominative plural)
prostaty (genitive singular)
prostat (genitive plural)
prostacie (dative singular)
prostatom (dative plural)
prostatę (accusative singular)
prostaty (accusative plural)
prostatą (instrumental singular)
prostatami (instrumental plural)
prostacie (locative singular)
prostatach (locative plural)
prostato (singular vocative)
prostaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French prostate, from Medieval Latin prostata, from Ancient Greek προστάτης (prostátēs), from πρό (pró) + ἵστημι (hístēmi).


apostrofa

apostrofa (nominative singular)
apostrofy (nominative plural)
apostrofy (genitive singular)
apostrof (genitive plural)
apostrofie (dative singular)
apostrofom (dative plural)
apostrofę (accusative singular)
apostrofy (accusative plural)
apostrofą (instrumental singular)
apostrofami (instrumental plural)
apostrofie (locative singular)
apostrofach (locative plural)
apostrofo (singular vocative)
apostrofy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ). Doublet of apostrof.

lbor

(rhetoric) apostrophe (sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent)


ontologia

ontologia (nominative singular)
ontologii (genitive singular)
ontologii (dative singular)
ontologię (accusative singular)
ontologią (instrumental singular)
ontologii (locative singular)
ontologio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ontology, French ontologie, German Ontologie, ultimately from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos). By surface analysis, onto- + -logia.

(philosophy) ontology (branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist)

(literary) ontology (mode of existence of something)

(computer science, information science) ontology (system model in computer science)


terapia

terapia (nominative singular)
terapii (genitive singular)
terapii (dative singular)
terapię (accusative singular)
terapią (instrumental singular)
terapii (locative singular)
terapio (singular vocative)


demografia

demografia (nominative singular)
demografii (genitive singular)
demografii (dative singular)
demografię (accusative singular)
demografią (instrumental singular)
demografii (locative singular)
demografio (singular vocative)


deuteranopia

deuteranopia (nominative singular)
deuteranopii (genitive singular)
deuteranopii (dative singular)
deuteranopię (accusative singular)
deuteranopią (instrumental singular)
deuteranopii (locative singular)
deuteranopio (singular vocative)


klaustrofobia

klaustrofobia (nominative singular)
klaustrofobii (genitive singular)
klaustrofobii (dative singular)
klaustrofobię (accusative singular)
klaustrofobią (instrumental singular)
klaustrofobii (locative singular)
klaustrofobio (singular vocative)


bibliografia

bibliografia (nominative singular)
bibliografie (nominative plural)
bibliografii (genitive singular)
bibliografii (genitive plural)
bibliografij (archaic genitive plural)
bibliografii (dative singular)
bibliografiom (dative plural)
bibliografię (accusative singular)
bibliografie (accusative plural)
bibliografią (instrumental singular)
bibliografiami (instrumental plural)
bibliografii (locative singular)
bibliografiach (locative plural)
bibliografio (singular vocative)
bibliografie (plural vocative)

From biblio- + -grafia. First attested in 1861.

bogata bibliografia

dokładna bibliografia

obszerna bibliografia

pełna bibliografia

szczegółowa bibliografia

wyczerpująca bibliografia

bibliografia czasopism

bibliografia druków

bibliografia książek

bibliografia prac

bibliografia tekstów

bibliografia obejmuje/zawiera coś

a bibliography includes/contains something

dołączyć bibliografię

przejrzeć bibliografię

umieścić/zamieścić bibliografię

uzupełnić bibliografię

bibliography (a section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work)

dzieje/historia bibliografii

interesować się bibliografią

zajmować się bibliografią

bibliography (the study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication)


biografia

biografia (nominative singular)
biografie (nominative plural)
biografii (genitive singular)
biografii (genitive plural)
biografij (archaic genitive plural)
biografii (dative singular)
biografiom (dative plural)
biografię (accusative singular)
biografie (accusative plural)
biografią (instrumental singular)
biografiami (instrumental plural)
biografii (locative singular)
biografiach (locative plural)
biografio (singular vocative)
biografie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English biography, French biographie, German Biografie, ultimately from Latin biographia, from Ancient Greek βιογραφία (biographía). By surface analysis, bio- + -grafia. First attested in 1784.

artystyczna biografia

polityczna biografia

bogata biografia

odmienne biografie

PRL-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish People's Republic

PZPR-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish United Workers' Party

fragment biografii

zarys biografii

fakty z biografii

szczegóły z biografii

wydarzenia z biografii

przedstawić biografię kogoś

znać biografię kogoś

autoryzowana biografia

beletryzowana biografia

filmowa biografia

krótka biografia

obszerna biografia

oficjalne biografie

biografia autorstwa kogoś

biografia aktora

biografia artysty

biografia pisarza

biografie dowódców

biografie kompozytorów

biografie malarzy

biografie muzyków

biografie polityków

biografie zawodników

autor/autorka biografii

wznowienie biografii

biografia ukazała się

czytać biografię

pisać/napisać biografię

opracować biografię

opublikować biografię

polecać biografię

sfilmować biografię

wydać biografię

na podstawie biografii

biography (a published form of such a life story)


hydrologia

hydrologia (nominative singular)
hydrologii (genitive singular)
hydrologii (dative singular)
hydrologię (accusative singular)
hydrologią (instrumental singular)
hydrologii (locative singular)
hydrologio (singular vocative)


ksenofobia

ksenofobia (nominative singular)
ksenofobii (genitive singular)
ksenofobii (dative singular)
ksenofobię (accusative singular)
ksenofobią (instrumental singular)
ksenofobii (locative singular)
ksenofobio (singular vocative)


sonatina

sonatina (nominative singular)
sonatiny (nominative plural)
sonatiny (genitive singular)
sonatin (genitive plural)
sonatinie (dative singular)
sonatinom (dative plural)
sonatinę (accusative singular)
sonatiny (accusative plural)
sonatiną (instrumental singular)
sonatinami (instrumental plural)
sonatinie (locative singular)
sonatinach (locative plural)
sonatino (singular vocative)
sonatiny (plural vocative)


krypta

krypta (nominative singular)
krypty (nominative plural)
krypty (genitive singular)
krypt (genitive plural)
krypcie (dative singular)
kryptom (dative plural)
kryptę (accusative singular)
krypty (accusative plural)
kryptą (instrumental singular)
kryptami (instrumental plural)
krypcie (locative singular)
kryptach (locative plural)
krypto (singular vocative)
krypty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin crypta, from Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ), female form of the adjective κρυπτός (kruptós). Doublet of kruchta (“church porch”).


ergonomia

ergonomia (nominative singular)
ergonomie (nominative plural)
ergonomii (genitive singular)
ergonomii (genitive plural)
ergonomij (archaic genitive plural)
ergonomii (dative singular)
ergonomiom (dative plural)
ergonomię (accusative singular)
ergonomie (accusative plural)
ergonomią (instrumental singular)
ergonomiami (instrumental plural)
ergonomii (locative singular)
ergonomiach (locative plural)
ergonomio (singular vocative)
ergonomie (plural vocative)

ergonomics (“the science of the design of equipment”)


nekrofilia

nekrofilia (nominative singular)
nekrofilii (genitive singular)
nekrofilii (dative singular)
nekrofilię (accusative singular)
nekrofilią (instrumental singular)
nekrofilii (locative singular)
nekrofilio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English necrophilia, French nécrophilie, German Nekrophilie. By surface analysis, nekro- + -filia. First attested in 1888.

ref

Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1888) Zboczenia umysłowe na tle zaburzeń płciowych: (psychopathia sexualis) : opaczne czucie płciowe : studyum sądowo-lekarskie dla użytku prawników i lekarzy (in Polish), page 88

(sexuality) necrophilia (sexual attraction to dead bodies)


insulina

insulina (nominative singular)
insuliny (nominative plural)
insuliny (genitive singular)
insulin (genitive plural)
insulinie (dative singular)
insulinom (dative plural)
insulinę (accusative singular)
insuliny (accusative plural)
insuliną (instrumental singular)
insulinami (instrumental plural)
insulinie (locative singular)
insulinach (locative plural)
insulino (singular vocative)
insuliny (plural vocative)


entropia

entropia (nominative singular)
entropii (genitive singular)
entropii (dative singular)
entropię (accusative singular)
entropią (instrumental singular)
entropii (locative singular)
entropio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English entropy, French entropie, German Entropie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon) + τροπή (tropḗ).

entropy (tendency of a system to descend into chaos)

(thermodynamics) entropy (measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work)

(information theory) entropy (measure of the amount of information in a signal)


komunikacja

komunikacja (nominative singular)
komunikacje (nominative plural)
komunikacji (genitive singular)
komunikacji (genitive plural)
komunikacyj (archaic genitive plural)
komunikacji (dative singular)
komunikacjom (dative plural)
komunikację (accusative singular)
komunikacje (accusative plural)
komunikacją (instrumental singular)
komunikacjami (instrumental plural)
komunikacji (locative singular)
komunikacjach (locative plural)
komunikacjo (singular vocative)
komunikacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin commūnicātiō (“imparting, communicating”), from commūnicō (“I share, I impart”).

lbor

traffic (pedestrians or vehicles on roads or on the air)

communication (exchange or flux of information, messages or data)

communication (concept of exchanging information)


patologia

patologia (nominative singular)
patologie (nominative plural)
patologii (genitive singular)
patologii (genitive plural)
patologij (archaic genitive plural)
patologii (dative singular)
patologiom (dative plural)
patologię (accusative singular)
patologie (accusative plural)
patologią (instrumental singular)
patologiami (instrumental plural)
patologii (locative singular)
patologiach (locative plural)
patologio (singular vocative)
patologie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pathologie. It was originally a purely medical term, however, through the term rodzina patologiczna (which means a “dysfunctional family”), the meaning of patologia was changed in the informal language to refer to the lowest, poorest, and dysfunctioning class of society; for example, people who become stealing alcoholics because of poverty.

(medicine) pathology (branch of medicine)

(medicine) pathology (medical specialty)

(colloquial, offensive, of people) brokenness, dysfunctionality (used to comment on usually lower-class individuals, families, or relationships displaying antisocial or abusive traits)


anakonda

anakonda (nominative singular)
anakondy (nominative plural)
anakondy (genitive singular)
anakond (genitive plural)
anakondzie (dative singular)
anakondom (dative plural)
anakondę (accusative singular)
anakondy (accusative plural)
anakondą (instrumental singular)
anakondami (instrumental plural)
anakondzie (locative singular)
anakondach (locative plural)
anakondo (singular vocative)
anakondy (plural vocative)

Internationalism, possibly borrowed from English anaconda, Spanish anaconda, or Portuguese anaconda, ultimately from New Latin anacandaia (“python”), from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”). First attested in 1826.

der

anaconda (any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes)


entomologia

entomologia (nominative singular)
entomologii (genitive singular)
entomologii (dative singular)
entomologię (accusative singular)
entomologią (instrumental singular)
entomologii (locative singular)
entomologio (singular vocative)


blastula

blastula (nominative singular)
blastule (nominative plural)
blastuli (genitive singular)
blastul (genitive plural)
blastuli (dative singular)
blastulom (dative plural)
blastulę (accusative singular)
blastule (accusative plural)
blastulą (instrumental singular)
blastulami (instrumental plural)
blastuli (locative singular)
blastulach (locative plural)
blastulo (singular vocative)
blastule (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin blastula. First attested in 1879.

lbor

faza/stadium blastuli

(embryology) blastula (early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid)


Marja

Marja (nominative singular)
Marje (nominative plural)
Marji (genitive singular)
Marji (genitive plural)
Maryj (archaic genitive plural)
Marji (dative singular)
Marjom (dative plural)
Marję (accusative singular)
Marje (accusative plural)
Marją (instrumental singular)
Marjami (instrumental plural)
Marji (locative singular)
Marjach (locative plural)
Marjo (singular vocative)
Marje (plural vocative)


pantera

panterka (diminutive)
pantera (nominative singular)
pantery (nominative plural)
pantery (genitive singular)
panter (genitive plural)
panterze (dative singular)
panterom (dative plural)
panterę (accusative singular)
pantery (accusative plural)
panterą (instrumental singular)
panterami (instrumental plural)
panterze (locative singular)
panterach (locative plural)
pantero (singular vocative)
pantery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panther, French panthère, German Panther, ultimately from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr). First attested in 1568.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pantera”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

panther (any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of India)

panther (any big cat of the genus Panthera)

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

(military, historical) type of German tank used in World War II


franca

franca (nominative singular)
france (nominative plural)
francy (genitive singular)
franc (genitive plural)
francy (dative singular)
francom (dative plural)
francę (accusative singular)
france (accusative plural)
francą (instrumental singular)
francami (instrumental plural)
francy (locative singular)
francach (locative plural)
franco (singular vocative)
france (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Franze, Franzose, from Middle High German franzōse, franzoise, from Old French françois. Doublet of Francja and Francuz.

(colloquial, pathology) nagging, chronic illness

(colloquial, dermatology) pimple, pustule


Chiny

Chiny (nominative plural)
Chin (genitive plural)
Chinom (dative plural)
Chiny (accusative plural)
Chinami (instrumental plural)
Chinach (locative plural)
Chiny (plural vocative)

From German China (“China”), from Persian چینی (čini, “Chinese; porcelain”), compound of چین (čin, “China”) and the suffix ـی (-i), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

der

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

China, People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia)


kosmologia

pl-noun

kosmologia f (related adjective kosmologiczny)

kosmologiczny (adjective)
kosmologia (nominative singular)
kosmologii (genitive singular)
kosmologii (dative singular)
kosmologię (accusative singular)
kosmologią (instrumental singular)
kosmologii (locative singular)
kosmologio (singular vocative)


ropucha

ropucha f (male equivalent ropuch, diminutive ropuszka)

ropuch (masculine)
ropuszka (diminutive)
ropucha (nominative singular)
ropuchy (nominative plural)
ropuchy (genitive singular)
ropuch (genitive plural)
ropusze (dative singular)
ropuchom (dative plural)
ropuchę (accusative singular)
ropuchy (accusative plural)
ropuchą (instrumental singular)
ropuchami (instrumental plural)
ropusze (locative singular)
ropuchach (locative plural)
ropucho (singular vocative)
ropuchy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: рапу́ха (rapúxa)

→ Czech: ropucha

→ Slovak: ropucha

→ Ukrainian: ропу́ха (ropúxa)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xorpuxa, *korpuxa, from *xorpa, *(s)korpa.

(derogatory) toad (ugly, bulky, older woman)


chudoba

chudoba (nominative singular)
chudoby (nominative plural)
chudoby (genitive singular)
chudob (genitive plural)
chudobie (dative singular)
chudobom (dative plural)
chudobę (accusative singular)
chudoby (accusative plural)
chudobą (instrumental singular)
chudobami (instrumental plural)
chudobie (locative singular)
chudobach (locative plural)
chudobo (singular vocative)
chudoby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish chudoba, from Proto-Slavic *xudoba. By surface analysis, chudy + -oba.

(dialectal) all of the livestock at a given farm

(dialectal) a horse that is scrawny or in poor condition


spora

spora (nominative singular)
spory (nominative plural)
spory (genitive singular)
spór (genitive plural)
spor (genitive plural)
sporze (dative singular)
sporom (dative plural)
sporę (accusative singular)
spory (accusative plural)
sporą (instrumental singular)
sporami (instrumental plural)
sporze (locative singular)
sporach (locative plural)
sporo (singular vocative)
spory (plural vocative)


metafora

metafora (nominative singular)
metafory (nominative plural)
metafory (genitive singular)
metafor (genitive plural)
metaforze (dative singular)
metaforom (dative plural)
metaforę (accusative singular)
metafory (accusative plural)
metaforą (instrumental singular)
metaforami (instrumental plural)
metaforze (locative singular)
metaforach (locative plural)
metaforo (singular vocative)
metafory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin metaphora, from Ancient Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá).


afta

afta (nominative singular)
afty (nominative plural)
afty (genitive singular)
aft (genitive plural)
afcie (dative singular)
aftom (dative plural)
aftę (accusative singular)
afty (accusative plural)
aftą (instrumental singular)
aftami (instrumental plural)
afcie (locative singular)
aftach (locative plural)
afto (singular vocative)
afty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French aphte, from Ancient Greek ἄφθᾰ (áphtha). First attested in 1807.

(pathology) canker sore, aphthous stomatitis


infamia

infamia (nominative singular)
infamie (nominative plural)
infamii (genitive singular)
infamii (genitive plural)
infamij (archaic genitive plural)
infamii (dative singular)
infamiom (dative plural)
infamię (accusative singular)
infamie (accusative plural)
infamią (instrumental singular)
infamiami (instrumental plural)
infamii (locative singular)
infamiach (locative plural)
infamio (singular vocative)
infamie (plural vocative)

(dated) infamy (state of being infamous)

(law, historical) infamy (stigma attaching to a person's character that disqualifies them from being a witness)


bisaga

bisaga (nominative singular)
bisagi (nominative plural)
bisagi (genitive singular)
bisag (genitive plural)
bisadze (dative singular)
bisagom (dative plural)
bisagę (accusative singular)
bisagi (accusative plural)
bisagą (instrumental singular)
bisagami (instrumental plural)
bisadze (locative singular)
bisagach (locative plural)
bisago (singular vocative)
bisagi (plural vocative)

→ Russian: бися́га (bisjága)

desc

→ Ukrainian: би́са́ги (býsáhy), бе́са́ги (bésáhy)

(archaic, chiefly in the plural) two bags bound together before the chest or behind the back


teologia

Learned borrowing from Latin theologia, from Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología).


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

abracadabra, mumbo jumbo (complicated technical or other jargon)

(Middle Polish, occult) charm cast on amulets


barka

barkowy (adjective)
barka (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barki (genitive singular)
barek (genitive plural)
barce (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
barkę (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barką (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barce (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barko (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barca. Doublet of bark.

barge (large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo)


-opia

-opia (nominative singular)
-opie (nominative plural)
-opii (genitive singular)
-opii (genitive plural)
-opij (archaic genitive plural)
-opii (dative singular)
-opiom (dative plural)
-opię (accusative singular)
-opie (accusative plural)
-opią (instrumental singular)
-opiami (instrumental plural)
-opii (locative singular)
-opiach (locative plural)
-opio (singular vocative)
-opie (plural vocative)

metr + -opia → ametropia


Pascha

Pascha (nominative singular)
Paschy (genitive singular)
Passze (dative singular)
Paschę (accusative singular)
Paschą (instrumental singular)
Passze (locative singular)
Pascho (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (paskha), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésakh). Doublet of pascha and Pesach.


osika

osika (nominative singular)
osiki (nominative plural)
osiki (genitive singular)
osik (genitive plural)
osice (dative singular)
osikom (dative plural)
osikę (accusative singular)
osiki (accusative plural)
osiką (instrumental singular)
osikami (instrumental plural)
osice (locative singular)
osikach (locative plural)
osiko (singular vocative)
osiki (plural vocative)

Populus sect. Populus
Wikispecies:Populus sect. Populus

aspen (any tree of the genus Populus sect. Populus)


ametropia

ametropia (nominative singular)
ametropii (genitive singular)
ametropii (dative singular)
ametropię (accusative singular)
ametropią (instrumental singular)
ametropii (locative singular)
ametropio (singular vocative)

From a- + Ancient Greek μετρος (metros, “measurable”) + -opia. First attested in 1867.

ref

Dodatek Kwartalny do Czasopisma Lekarskiego pod Tytułem Klinika. (1867) T.1, z.2 (in Polish), page 209

(medicine, pathology, ophthalmology) ametropia


makrela

makrelka (diminutive)
makrela (nominative singular)
makrele (nominative plural)
makreli (genitive singular)
makrel (genitive plural)
makreli (genitive plural)
makreli (dative singular)
makrelom (dative plural)
makrelę (accusative singular)
makrele (accusative plural)
makrelą (instrumental singular)
makrelami (instrumental plural)
makreli (locative singular)
makrelach (locative plural)
makrelo (singular vocative)
makrele (plural vocative)

Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus#Translingual


krypa

krypa (nominative singular)
krypy (nominative plural)
krypy (genitive singular)
kryp (genitive plural)
krypie (dative singular)
krypom (dative plural)
krypę (accusative singular)
krypy (accusative plural)
krypą (instrumental singular)
krypami (instrumental plural)
krypie (locative singular)
krypach (locative plural)
krypo (singular vocative)
krypy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) tub (run-down boat)

barge (flat-bottomed vessel used to transport sand, gravel, etc.)

dugout (canoe made from a hollowed-out log)


Schumacher

Unadapted borrowing from German Schumacher.


stopa

stópka (diminutive)
stopa (nominative singular)
stopy (nominative plural)
stopy (genitive singular)
stóp (genitive plural)
stopie (dative singular)
stopom (dative plural)
stopę (accusative singular)
stopy (accusative plural)
stopą (instrumental singular)
stopami (instrumental plural)
stopie (locative singular)
stopach (locative plural)
stopo (singular vocative)
stopy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stopa, from Proto-Slavic *stopa.

rate; percentage quantity, e.g. interest rate or unemployment


struna

struna (nominative singular)
struny (nominative plural)
struny (genitive singular)
strun (genitive plural)
strunie (dative singular)
strunom (dative plural)
strunę (accusative singular)
struny (accusative plural)
struną (instrumental singular)
strunami (instrumental plural)
strunie (locative singular)
strunach (locative plural)
struno (singular vocative)
struny (plural vocative)


minka

minka (nominative singular)
minki (nominative plural)
minki (genitive singular)
minek (genitive plural)
mince (dative singular)
minkom (dative plural)
minkę (accusative singular)
minki (accusative plural)
minką (instrumental singular)
minkami (instrumental plural)
mince (locative singular)
minkach (locative plural)
minko (singular vocative)
minki (plural vocative)


rui

inflection of ruja:
genitive/dative/locative singular


botanika

botanika (nominative singular)
botaniki (genitive singular)
botanice (dative singular)
botanikę (accusative singular)
botaniką (instrumental singular)
botanice (locative singular)
botaniko (singular vocative)

botany (scientific study of plants, a branch of biology)


ironia

ironijka (diminutive)
ironia (nominative singular)
ironie (nominative plural)
ironii (genitive singular)
ironii (genitive plural)
ironij (archaic genitive plural)
ironii (dative singular)
ironiom (dative plural)
ironię (accusative singular)
ironie (accusative plural)
ironią (instrumental singular)
ironiami (instrumental plural)
ironii (locative singular)
ironiach (locative plural)
ironio (singular vocative)
ironie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin īrōnia, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía).

I następnie "sprzedają" tę wojnę mediom tak, jakby była ona najprawdziwsza. Gdzie są granice oszustwa, skoro w strumieniu informacji płynących z "frontów" i frontów nie ma miejsca na żadne przymrużenie oka, żadne ironie czy kpinki.

2004 January 3, Zbigniew Bauer, “Sen jest życiem”, in Gazeta Krakowska (journalism), Kraków: "Polskapresse". Oddział "Prasa Krakowska"

And then they "sell" this war to the media like it was real. Where's the limit of fraud, since in the stream of information from the "fronts", and the fronts don't have anywhere for you to squint your eyes, no irony, or jokes.


klima

klima (nominative singular)
klimy (genitive singular)
klimie (dative singular)
klimę (accusative singular)
klimą (instrumental singular)
klimie (locative singular)
klimo (singular vocative)

(colloquial) air conditioning, especially in a car


packa

packa (nominative singular)
packi (nominative plural)
packi (genitive singular)
pacek (genitive plural)
pacce (dative singular)
packom (dative plural)
packę (accusative singular)
packi (accusative plural)
packą (instrumental singular)
packami (instrumental plural)
pacce (locative singular)
packach (locative plural)
packo (singular vocative)
packi (plural vocative)


nafta

nafta (nominative singular)
nafty (genitive singular)
nafcie (dative singular)
naftę (accusative singular)
naftą (instrumental singular)
nafcie (locative singular)
nafto (singular vocative)


alalia

alalia (nominative singular)
alalii (genitive singular)
alalii (dative singular)
alalię (accusative singular)
alalią (instrumental singular)
alalii (locative singular)
alalio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek αλαλία (alalía). By surface analysis, a- + -lalia. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alalia”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN


anuria

anuria (nominative singular)
anurii (genitive singular)
anurii (dative singular)
anurię (accusative singular)
anurią (instrumental singular)
anurii (locative singular)
anurio (singular vocative)


skupina

skupina (nominative singular)
skupiny (nominative plural)
skupiny (genitive singular)
skupin (genitive plural)
skupinie (dative singular)
skupinom (dative plural)
skupinę (accusative singular)
skupiny (accusative plural)
skupiną (instrumental singular)
skupinami (instrumental plural)
skupinie (locative singular)
skupinach (locative plural)
skupino (singular vocative)
skupiny (plural vocative)


mandola

mandola (nominative singular)
mandole (nominative plural)
mandoli (genitive singular)
mandol (genitive plural)
mandoli (dative singular)
mandolom (dative plural)
mandolę (accusative singular)
mandole (accusative plural)
mandolą (instrumental singular)
mandolami (instrumental plural)
mandoli (locative singular)
mandolach (locative plural)
mandolo (singular vocative)
mandole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian mandola, from Late Latin pandura, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra). Doublet of bandura and banjo.


grupa

pl-noun

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

grupka (diminutive)
grupowy (adjective)
grupa (nominative singular)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grup (genitive plural)
grupie (dative singular)
grupom (dative plural)
grupę (accusative singular)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupą (instrumental singular)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupie (locative singular)
grupach (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: grupa

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus. First attested in 1765.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

group (set of things or people in one place)

group (a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another)

group (number of people called together for a particular purpose or for a shared activity)

(military) group (units from various sectors of the military placed together)

(chemistry) group (a column in the periodic table of chemical elements)

(grammar) phrase (a word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words)

(geology) group (a collection of formations or rock strata)

(group theory) group (a set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse)


miska

pl-noun

miska f (diminutive miseczka, augmentative micha)

miseczka (diminutive)
micha (augmentative)
miska (nominative singular)
miski (nominative plural)
miski (genitive singular)
misek (genitive plural)
misce (dative singular)
miskom (dative plural)
miskę (accusative singular)
miski (accusative plural)
miską (instrumental singular)
miskami (instrumental plural)
misce (locative singular)
miskach (locative plural)
misko (singular vocative)
miski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mìsъka. By surface analysis, misa + -ka.


primadonna

primadonna (nominative singular)
primadonny (nominative plural)
primadonny (genitive singular)
primadonn (genitive plural)
primadonnie (dative singular)
primadonnom (dative plural)
primadonnę (accusative singular)
primadonny (accusative plural)
primadonną (instrumental singular)
primadonnami (instrumental plural)
primadonnie (locative singular)
primadonnach (locative plural)
primadonno (singular vocative)
primadonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian prima donna (“first lady”).


sekta

sekta (nominative singular)
sekty (nominative plural)
sekty (genitive singular)
sekt (genitive plural)
sekcie (dative singular)
sektom (dative plural)
sektę (accusative singular)
sekty (accusative plural)
sektą (instrumental singular)
sektami (instrumental plural)
sekcie (locative singular)
sektach (locative plural)
sekto (singular vocative)
sekty (plural vocative)


immunologia

immunologia (nominative singular)
immunologii (genitive singular)
immunologii (dative singular)
immunologię (accusative singular)
immunologią (instrumental singular)
immunologii (locative singular)
immunologio (singular vocative)


Osaka

Osaka (nominative singular)
Osaki (genitive singular)
Osace (dative singular)
Osakę (accusative singular)
Osaką (instrumental singular)
Osace (locative singular)
Osako (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

ja-r

Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)


azoospermia

azoospermia (nominative singular)
azoospermii (genitive singular)
azoospermii (dative singular)
azoospermię (accusative singular)
azoospermią (instrumental singular)
azoospermii (locative singular)
azoospermio (singular vocative)

From a- + zoo- + Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma).


fregata

fregata (nominative singular)
fregaty (nominative plural)
fregaty (genitive singular)
fregat (genitive plural)
fregacie (dative singular)
fregatom (dative plural)
fregatę (accusative singular)
fregaty (accusative plural)
fregatą (instrumental singular)
fregatami (instrumental plural)
fregacie (locative singular)
fregatach (locative plural)
fregato (singular vocative)
fregaty (plural vocative)


Ida

Ida (nominative singular)
Idy (nominative plural)
Idy (genitive singular)
Id (genitive plural)
Idzie (dative singular)
Idom (dative plural)
Idę (accusative singular)
Idy (accusative plural)
Idą (instrumental singular)
Idami (instrumental plural)
Idzie (locative singular)
Idach (locative plural)
Ido (singular vocative)
Idy (plural vocative)

a female given name from German, equivalent to English Ida


Ida

Ida (nominative singular)
Idy (genitive singular)
Idzie (dative singular)
Idę (accusative singular)
Idą (instrumental singular)
Idzie (locative singular)
Ido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἴδη (Ídē).

lbor

(Greek mythology) Ida, Ide (one of the nurses of the infant Zeus on Crete)


dieta

dieta (nominative singular)
diety (nominative plural)
diety (genitive singular)
diet (genitive plural)
diecie (dative singular)
dietom (dative plural)
dietę (accusative singular)
diety (accusative plural)
dietą (instrumental singular)
dietami (instrumental plural)
diecie (locative singular)
dietach (locative plural)
dieto (singular vocative)
diety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English diet, French diète, German Diät, ultimately from Latin diaeta, from Ancient Greek δῐ́αιτα (díaita).


bumaga

bumażka (diminutive)
bumaga (nominative singular)
bumagi (nominative plural)
bumagi (genitive singular)
bumag (genitive plural)
bumadze (dative singular)
bumagom (dative plural)
bumagę (accusative singular)
bumagi (accusative plural)
bumagą (instrumental singular)
bumagami (instrumental plural)
bumadze (locative singular)
bumagach (locative plural)
bumago (singular vocative)
bumagi (plural vocative)


katabasis

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek κατάβασις (katábasis).

ubor

(literature, mythology) katabasis (mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld)


kurkuma

kurkuma (nominative singular)
kurkumy (nominative plural)
kurkumy (genitive singular)
kurkum (genitive plural)
kurkumie (dative singular)
kurkumom (dative plural)
kurkumę (accusative singular)
kurkumy (accusative plural)
kurkumą (instrumental singular)
kurkumami (instrumental plural)
kurkumie (locative singular)
kurkumach (locative plural)
kurkumo (singular vocative)
kurkumy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin curcuma, from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum).

lbor

turmeric (any plant of the genus Curcuma)


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

+obj

base, basis (foundation or location) [with genitive or (proscribed) dla (+ genitive) ‘for what’]

(mathematics) basis (linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space)

(topology) base (set of sets from which a topology is derived)

(architecture) base (lowermost part of a column)

base (place where someone or something stays during periods of inactivity because of its convenient location)

base (totality of buildings, facilities, and equipment necessary to carry out a particular activity)

(military) base (permanent structure for housing military)

(electronics) charging base (the part of a device permanently connected to electricity in which its movable part is placed in order to charge it)

(baseball) base (one of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play)

Coordinate term: nadbudowa

(Marxism) base (forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life)

(linguistics) base (morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached)


lucerna

lucerna (nominative singular)
lucerny (nominative plural)
lucerny (genitive singular)
lucern (genitive plural)
lucernie (dative singular)
lucernom (dative plural)
lucernę (accusative singular)
lucerny (accusative plural)
lucerną (instrumental singular)
lucernami (instrumental plural)
lucernie (locative singular)
lucernach (locative plural)
lucerno (singular vocative)
lucerny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Luzerne. Doublet of lukarna.

alfalfa, burclover, lucerne, medick (any plant of the genus Medicago)

alfalfa, burclover, lucerne, medick (flower)


mangusta

mangusta (nominative singular)
mangusty (nominative plural)
mangusty (genitive singular)
mangust (genitive plural)
manguście (dative singular)
mangustom (dative plural)
mangustę (accusative singular)
mangusty (accusative plural)
mangustą (instrumental singular)
mangustami (instrumental plural)
manguście (locative singular)
mangustach (locative plural)
mangusto (singular vocative)
mangusty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mangùsta

Borrowed from French mangouste, from Portuguese mangusto, from Marathi मुंगूस (muṅgūs), from Old Marathi 𑘦𑘳𑘽𑘐𑘳𑘭 (muṃgusa), from Telugu ముంగిస (muṅgisa).

mongoose (any mammal of the genus Herpestes)


kabina

kabinka (diminutive)
kabina (nominative singular)
kabiny (nominative plural)
kabiny (genitive singular)
kabin (genitive plural)
kabinie (dative singular)
kabinom (dative plural)
kabinę (accusative singular)
kabiny (accusative plural)
kabiną (instrumental singular)
kabinami (instrumental plural)
kabinie (locative singular)
kabinach (locative plural)
kabino (singular vocative)
kabiny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cabine, from English cabin, from Middle English caban, cabane, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”).

cabin, cab (passenger area of an airplane)

cabin (private office of a professional)


Lula

Lula (nominative singular)
Lulowie (nominative plural)
Luli (genitive singular)
Lulów (genitive plural)
Luli (dative singular)
Lulom (dative plural)
Lulę (accusative singular)
Lulów (accusative plural)
Lulą (instrumental singular)
Lulami (instrumental plural)
Luli (locative singular)
Lulach (locative plural)
Lulo (singular vocative)
Lulowie (plural vocative)
Lula (nominative singular)
Lule (nominative plural)
Luli (genitive singular)
Luli (genitive plural)
Lul (genitive plural)
Luli (dative singular)
Lulom (dative plural)
Lulę (accusative singular)
Lule (accusative plural)
Lulą (instrumental singular)
Lulami (instrumental plural)
Luli (locative singular)
Lulach (locative plural)
Lulo (singular vocative)
Lule (plural vocative)


klinika

klinika (nominative singular)
kliniki (nominative plural)
kliniki (genitive singular)
klinik (genitive plural)
klinice (dative singular)
klinikom (dative plural)
klinikę (accusative singular)
kliniki (accusative plural)
kliniką (instrumental singular)
klinikami (instrumental plural)
klinice (locative singular)
klinikach (locative plural)
kliniko (singular vocative)
kliniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French clinique, from Late Latin clinicus, from Ancient Greek κλινικός (klinikós), from κλίνη (klínē), from κλίνειν (klínein).

teaching hospital, university hospital, clinical school


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


Antonia

pl-proper noun

Antonia f (male equivalent Antoni, diminutive Tosia)

Antoni (masculine)
Tosia (diminutive)
Antonia (nominative singular)
Antonie (nominative plural)
Antonii (genitive singular)
Antonii (genitive plural)
Antonij (archaic genitive plural)
Antonii (dative singular)
Antoniom (dative plural)
Antonię (accusative singular)
Antonie (accusative plural)
Antonią (instrumental singular)
Antoniami (instrumental plural)
Antonii (locative singular)
Antoniach (locative plural)
Antonio (singular vocative)
Antonie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Antonie


Aleksandria

pl-prop

Aleksandria f (related adjective aleksandryjski)

Learned borrowing from Latin Alexandrīa.

Alexandria (the capital city of Alexandria governorate, Egypt)


Aleksandria

aleksandryjski (adjective)
Aleksandria (nominative singular)
Aleksandrii (genitive singular)
Aleksandrii (dative singular)
Aleksandrię (accusative singular)
Aleksandrią (instrumental singular)
Aleksandrii (locative singular)
Aleksandrio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Олександрі́я (Oleksandríja).

bor+

Олександрі́я

Oleksandriia (a city, administrative centre, and raion of Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine)


seria

seryjka (diminutive)
seria (nominative singular)
serie (nominative plural)
serii (genitive singular)
serii (genitive plural)
seryj (archaic genitive plural)
serii (dative singular)
seriom (dative plural)
serię (accusative singular)
serie (accusative plural)
serią (instrumental singular)
seriami (instrumental plural)
serii (locative singular)
seriach (locative plural)
serio (singular vocative)
serie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French série, from Latin seriēs.

series, sequence (number of things or events which follow one after the other)


kulisa

kulisa (nominative singular)
kulisy (nominative plural)
kulisy (genitive singular)
kulis (genitive plural)
kulisie (dative singular)
kulisom (dative plural)
kulisę (accusative singular)
kulisy (accusative plural)
kulisą (instrumental singular)
kulisami (instrumental plural)
kulisie (locative singular)
kulisach (locative plural)
kuliso (singular vocative)
kulisy (plural vocative)


egida

egida (nominative singular)
egidy (genitive singular)
egidzie (dative singular)
egidę (accusative singular)
egidą (instrumental singular)
egidzie (locative singular)
egido (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aegida, accusative form of aegis, from Ancient Greek αἰγῐ́ς (aigís).

(Greek mythology) aegis (mythical shield of Zeus)


papuga

papużka (diminutive)
papuga (nominative singular)
papugi (nominative plural)
papugi (genitive singular)
papug (genitive plural)
papudze (dative singular)
papugom (dative plural)
papugę (accusative singular)
papugi (accusative plural)
papugą (instrumental singular)
papugami (instrumental plural)
papudze (locative singular)
papugach (locative plural)
papugo (singular vocative)
papugi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish papağan, from Arabic بَبَّغَاء (babbaḡāʔ).

(colloquial) parroter (person who repeats the words or ideas of others)


procedura

procedura (nominative singular)
procedury (nominative plural)
procedury (genitive singular)
procedur (genitive plural)
procedurze (dative singular)
procedurom (dative plural)
procedurę (accusative singular)
procedury (accusative plural)
procedurą (instrumental singular)
procedurami (instrumental plural)
procedurze (locative singular)
procedurach (locative plural)
proceduro (singular vocative)
procedury (plural vocative)

procedure (particular method for performing a task)

(computing) procedure (subroutine or function coded to perform a specific task)


metateza

metateza (nominative singular)
metatezy (nominative plural)
metatezy (genitive singular)
metatez (genitive plural)
metatezie (dative singular)
metatezom (dative plural)
metatezę (accusative singular)
metatezy (accusative plural)
metatezą (instrumental singular)
metatezami (instrumental plural)
metatezie (locative singular)
metatezach (locative plural)
metatezo (singular vocative)
metatezy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).

lbor

(linguistics) metathesis (the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word)

(organic chemistry) metathesis (the breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped)


opona

pl-noun

opona f (diminutive oponka, related adjective oponowy)

oponka (diminutive)
oponowy (adjective)
opona (nominative singular)
opony (nominative plural)
opony (genitive singular)
opon (genitive plural)
oponie (dative singular)
oponom (dative plural)
oponę (accusative singular)
opony (accusative plural)
oponą (instrumental singular)
oponami (instrumental plural)
oponie (locative singular)
oponach (locative plural)
opono (singular vocative)
opony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *opona. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic опона (opona, “curtain”) and Czech opona (“theater curtain”).

cog

opona miękka

opona twarda

opona pajęcza

opona mózgowo-rdzeniowa


empatia

empatia (nominative singular)
empatii (genitive singular)
empatii (dative singular)
empatię (accusative singular)
empatią (instrumental singular)
empatii (locative singular)
empatio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English empathy, from Ancient Greek ἐμπάθεια (empátheia).

(psychology) empathy (intellectual identification with another person)


palestra

palestra (nominative singular)
palestry (nominative plural)
palestry (genitive singular)
palestr (genitive plural)
palestrze (dative singular)
palestrom (dative plural)
palestrę (accusative singular)
palestry (accusative plural)
palestrą (instrumental singular)
palestrami (instrumental plural)
palestrze (locative singular)
palestrach (locative plural)
palestro (singular vocative)
palestry (plural vocative)

usunąć z palestry

(literary, law, collective) bar (lawyers collectively)

(literary, law) title, function, or position given to a lawyer


makulatura

makulatura (nominative singular)
makulatury (nominative plural)
makulatury (genitive singular)
makulatur (genitive plural)
makulaturze (dative singular)
makulaturom (dative plural)
makulaturę (accusative singular)
makulatury (accusative plural)
makulaturą (instrumental singular)
makulaturami (instrumental plural)
makulaturze (locative singular)
makulaturach (locative plural)
makulaturo (singular vocative)
makulatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.

(colloquial, literature) junk, trash (low-quality literature)


cenzura

cenzurka (diminutive)
cenzura (nominative singular)
cenzury (nominative plural)
cenzury (genitive singular)
cenzur (genitive plural)
cenzurze (dative singular)
cenzurom (dative plural)
cenzurę (accusative singular)
cenzury (accusative plural)
cenzurą (instrumental singular)
cenzurami (instrumental plural)
cenzurze (locative singular)
cenzurach (locative plural)
cenzuro (singular vocative)
cenzury (plural vocative)

(dated, education, literary) report, report card


socha

soszka (diminutive)
socha (nominative singular)
sochy (nominative plural)
sochy (genitive singular)
soch (genitive plural)
sosze (dative singular)
sochom (dative plural)
sochę (accusative singular)
sochy (accusative plural)
sochą (instrumental singular)
sochami (instrumental plural)
sosze (locative singular)
sochach (locative plural)
socho (singular vocative)
sochy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish socha, from Proto-Slavic *soxa, from Proto-Indo-European *sokh₂o-. Cognate with Upper Sorbian socha, Lower Sorbian socha, Czech socha (“statue, sculpture”), Serbo-Croatian soha, and Russian соха (soxa).

(wooden architecture) vertical forked post

(dialectal) Y-shaped tree trunk or branch


passata

passata (nominative singular)
passaty (nominative plural)
passaty (genitive singular)
passat (genitive plural)
passacie (dative singular)
passatom (dative plural)
passatę (accusative singular)
passaty (accusative plural)
passatą (instrumental singular)
passatami (instrumental plural)
passacie (locative singular)
passatach (locative plural)
passato (singular vocative)
passaty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian passata.


Madera

Madera (nominative singular)
Madery (genitive singular)
Maderze (dative singular)
Maderę (accusative singular)
Maderą (instrumental singular)
Maderze (locative singular)
Madero (singular vocative)


poligamia

poligamia (nominative singular)
poligamii (genitive singular)
poligamii (dative singular)
poligamię (accusative singular)
poligamią (instrumental singular)
poligamii (locative singular)
poligamio (singular vocative)


monogamia

monogamia (nominative singular)
monogamii (genitive singular)
monogamii (dative singular)
monogamię (accusative singular)
monogamią (instrumental singular)
monogamii (locative singular)
monogamio (singular vocative)


mitologia

mitologia (nominative singular)
mitologie (nominative plural)
mitologii (genitive singular)
mitologii (genitive plural)
mitologij (archaic genitive plural)
mitologii (dative singular)
mitologiom (dative plural)
mitologię (accusative singular)
mitologie (accusative plural)
mitologią (instrumental singular)
mitologiami (instrumental plural)
mitologii (locative singular)
mitologiach (locative plural)
mitologio (singular vocative)
mitologie (plural vocative)

mythology (collection and study of myths)


mimika

mimika (nominative singular)
mimiki (nominative plural)
mimiki (genitive singular)
mimik (genitive plural)
mimice (dative singular)
mimikom (dative plural)
mimikę (accusative singular)
mimiki (accusative plural)
mimiką (instrumental singular)
mimikami (instrumental plural)
mimice (locative singular)
mimikach (locative plural)
mimiko (singular vocative)
mimiki (plural vocative)


Dara

Dara (nominative singular)
Dary (nominative plural)
Dary (genitive singular)
Dar (genitive plural)
Darze (dative singular)
Darom (dative plural)
Darę (accusative singular)
Dary (accusative plural)
Darą (instrumental singular)
Darami (instrumental plural)
Darze (locative singular)
Darach (locative plural)
Daro (singular vocative)
Dary (plural vocative)


Adela

Adela (nominative singular)
Adele (nominative plural)
Adeli (genitive singular)
Adeli (genitive plural)
Adel (genitive plural)
Adeli (dative singular)
Adelom (dative plural)
Adelę (accusative singular)
Adele (accusative plural)
Adelą (instrumental singular)
Adelami (instrumental plural)
Adeli (locative singular)
Adelach (locative plural)
Adelo (singular vocative)
Adele (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Adela


promesa

promesa (nominative singular)
promesy (nominative plural)
promesy (genitive singular)
promes (genitive plural)
promesie (dative singular)
promesom (dative plural)
promesę (accusative singular)
promesy (accusative plural)
promesą (instrumental singular)
promesami (instrumental plural)
promesie (locative singular)
promesach (locative plural)
promeso (singular vocative)
promesy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French promesse. First attested in 1830.

ref

Wiadomości Handlowe (in Polish), number 21, 1830 February 20, page 94

promise (promise to perform a specific action or provide a specific performance) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to do what’]

(law) commitment by a state authority to issue a specific decision after the interested party has completed the appropriate formalities

+obj

(finance) promissory note [with na (+ accusative) ‘for what amount of money’]


urologia

urologia (nominative singular)
urologii (genitive singular)
urologii (dative singular)
urologię (accusative singular)
urologią (instrumental singular)
urologii (locative singular)
urologio (singular vocative)


dermatologia

dermatologia (nominative singular)
dermatologii (genitive singular)
dermatologii (dative singular)
dermatologię (accusative singular)
dermatologią (instrumental singular)
dermatologii (locative singular)
dermatologio (singular vocative)


maestria

maestria (nominative singular)
maestrie (nominative plural)
maestrii (genitive singular)
maestrii (genitive plural)
maestryj (archaic genitive plural)
maestrii (dative singular)
maestriom (dative plural)
maestrię (accusative singular)
maestrie (accusative plural)
maestrią (instrumental singular)
maestriami (instrumental plural)
maestrii (locative singular)
maestriach (locative plural)
maestrio (singular vocative)
maestrie (plural vocative)

mastery, skill (capacity to do something well)


faza

faza (nominative singular)
fazy (nominative plural)
fazy (genitive singular)
faz (genitive plural)
fazie (dative singular)
fazom (dative plural)
fazę (accusative singular)
fazy (accusative plural)
fazą (instrumental singular)
fazami (instrumental plural)
fazie (locative singular)
fazach (locative plural)
fazo (singular vocative)
fazy (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”).

der

Przygotowania do turnieju wkroczyły w końcową fazę.

The preparations to the tournament entered into their final stage.

Mam fazę na pieczenie chleba.

(slang) mood; craving; devotion to some pursuit or hobby which is not expected to last


awaria

awaria (nominative singular)
awarie (nominative plural)
awarii (genitive singular)
awarii (genitive plural)
awaryj (archaic genitive plural)
awarii (dative singular)
awariom (dative plural)
awarię (accusative singular)
awarie (accusative plural)
awarią (instrumental singular)
awariami (instrumental plural)
awarii (locative singular)
awariach (locative plural)
awario (singular vocative)
awarie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian avaria, from Arabic عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya, “damaged goods”), from عَوَار (ʕawār, “fault, blemish, defect, flaw”).


mansarda

mansardka (diminutive)
mansarda (nominative singular)
mansardy (nominative plural)
mansardy (genitive singular)
mansard (genitive plural)
mansardzie (dative singular)
mansardom (dative plural)
mansardę (accusative singular)
mansardy (accusative plural)
mansardą (instrumental singular)
mansardami (instrumental plural)
mansardzie (locative singular)
mansardach (locative plural)
mansardo (singular vocative)
mansardy (plural vocative)

(architecture) mansard roof (roof with a shallower slope descending into a steeper slope)


Ina

Ina (nominative singular)
Iny (genitive singular)
Inie (dative singular)
Inę (accusative singular)
Iną (instrumental singular)
Inie (locative singular)
Ino (singular vocative)


pediatria

pediatria (nominative singular)
pediatrii (genitive singular)
pediatrii (dative singular)
pediatrię (accusative singular)
pediatrią (instrumental singular)
pediatrii (locative singular)
pediatrio (singular vocative)


andrologia

andrologia (nominative singular)
andrologii (genitive singular)
andrologii (dative singular)
andrologię (accusative singular)
andrologią (instrumental singular)
andrologii (locative singular)
andrologio (singular vocative)

From andro- + -logia. First attested in 1886.

ref

Alfred Obaliński (1886) Wykłady z zakresu chorób dróg moczowych męzkich (in Polish), page 2


geriatria

geriatria (nominative singular)
geriatrii (genitive singular)
geriatrii (dative singular)
geriatrię (accusative singular)
geriatrią (instrumental singular)
geriatrii (locative singular)
geriatrio (singular vocative)


neurologia

neurologia (nominative singular)
neurologii (genitive singular)
neurologii (dative singular)
neurologię (accusative singular)
neurologią (instrumental singular)
neurologii (locative singular)
neurologio (singular vocative)


ortopedia

ortopedia (nominative singular)
ortopedii (genitive singular)
ortopedii (dative singular)
ortopedię (accusative singular)
ortopedią (instrumental singular)
ortopedii (locative singular)
ortopedio (singular vocative)


faktura

faktura (nominative singular)
faktury (nominative plural)
faktury (genitive singular)
faktur (genitive plural)
fakturze (dative singular)
fakturom (dative plural)
fakturę (accusative singular)
faktury (accusative plural)
fakturą (instrumental singular)
fakturami (instrumental plural)
fakturze (locative singular)
fakturach (locative plural)
fakturo (singular vocative)
faktury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Faktura, from Latin factūra. Doublet of ficzer (“feature”).


aromaterapia

aromaterapia (nominative singular)
aromaterapii (genitive singular)
aromaterapii (dative singular)
aromaterapię (accusative singular)
aromaterapią (instrumental singular)
aromaterapii (locative singular)
aromaterapio (singular vocative)


galera

galera (nominative singular)
galery (nominative plural)
galery (genitive singular)
galer (genitive plural)
galerze (dative singular)
galerom (dative plural)
galerę (accusative singular)
galery (accusative plural)
galerą (instrumental singular)
galerami (instrumental plural)
galerze (locative singular)
galerach (locative plural)
galero (singular vocative)
galery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian galera, from galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea), from γαλέη (galéē), from Ancient Greek γαλεός (galeós).

(nautical) galley (ship propelled primarily by oars)


nefrologia

nefrologia (nominative singular)
nefrologii (genitive singular)
nefrologii (dative singular)
nefrologię (accusative singular)
nefrologią (instrumental singular)
nefrologii (locative singular)
nefrologio (singular vocative)


lala

lala (nominative singular)
lale (nominative plural)
lali (genitive singular)
lal (genitive plural)
lali (dative singular)
lalom (dative plural)
lalę (accusative singular)
lale (accusative plural)
lalą (instrumental singular)
lalami (instrumental plural)
lali (locative singular)
lalach (locative plural)
lalo (singular vocative)
lalu (singular vocative)
lale (plural vocative)

(childish) doll (toy made in the form of a person)

(childish) puppet (any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove)

(colloquial, derogatory) Barbie, bimbo (physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence)


kardiologia

kardiologia (nominative singular)
kardiologii (genitive singular)
kardiologii (dative singular)
kardiologię (accusative singular)
kardiologią (instrumental singular)
kardiologii (locative singular)
kardiologio (singular vocative)


kakofonia

kakofonia (nominative singular)
kakofonie (nominative plural)
kakofonii (genitive singular)
kakofonii (genitive plural)
kakofonij (archaic genitive plural)
kakofonii (dative singular)
kakofoniom (dative plural)
kakofonię (accusative singular)
kakofonie (accusative plural)
kakofonią (instrumental singular)
kakofoniami (instrumental plural)
kakofonii (locative singular)
kakofoniach (locative plural)
kakofonio (singular vocative)
kakofonie (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κακοφωνία (kakophōnía), from κακός (kakós, “bad”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


kategoria

kategoria (nominative singular)
kategorie (nominative plural)
kategorii (genitive singular)
kategorii (genitive plural)
kategoryj (archaic genitive plural)
kategorii (dative singular)
kategoriom (dative plural)
kategorię (accusative singular)
kategorie (accusative plural)
kategorią (instrumental singular)
kategoriami (instrumental plural)
kategorii (locative singular)
kategoriach (locative plural)
kategorio (singular vocative)
kategorie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin catēgoria, from Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría, “head of predicables”).


piki

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of pika:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


cerata

pl-noun

cerata f (diminutive ceratka, related adjective ceratowy)

ceratka (diminutive)
ceratowy (adjective)
cerata (nominative singular)
ceraty (nominative plural)
ceraty (genitive singular)
cerat (genitive plural)
ceracie (dative singular)
ceratom (dative plural)
ceratę (accusative singular)
ceraty (accusative plural)
ceratą (instrumental singular)
ceratami (instrumental plural)
ceracie (locative singular)
ceratach (locative plural)
cerato (singular vocative)
ceraty (plural vocative)

oilcloth (fabric or cloth treated on one side with a waterproof covering, especially one made from linseed oil; used for flooring, tablecloths, kitchen shelves, and sometimes furniture covering)

oilcloth (tablecloth made from oilcloth)


mediana

mediana (nominative singular)
mediany (nominative plural)
mediany (genitive singular)
median (genitive plural)
medianie (dative singular)
medianom (dative plural)
medianę (accusative singular)
mediany (accusative plural)
medianą (instrumental singular)
medianami (instrumental plural)
medianie (locative singular)
medianach (locative plural)
mediano (singular vocative)
mediany (plural vocative)


mikroskopia

mikroskopia (nominative singular)
mikroskopie (nominative plural)
mikroskopii (genitive singular)
mikroskopii (genitive plural)
mikroskopij (archaic genitive plural)
mikroskopii (dative singular)
mikroskopiom (dative plural)
mikroskopię (accusative singular)
mikroskopie (accusative plural)
mikroskopią (instrumental singular)
mikroskopiami (instrumental plural)
mikroskopii (locative singular)
mikroskopiach (locative plural)
mikroskopio (singular vocative)
mikroskopie (plural vocative)


mikrobiologia

mikrobiologia (nominative singular)
mikrobiologii (genitive singular)
mikrobiologii (dative singular)
mikrobiologię (accusative singular)
mikrobiologią (instrumental singular)
mikrobiologii (locative singular)
mikrobiologio (singular vocative)


autarkia

Borrowed from Greek αυτάρκεια (aftárkeia).

bor+

(economics) autarky (national economic self-sufficiency)

(literary) cultural isolationism, (cultural independence resulting from a lack of outside influence or isolation)

(philosophy) autarchy (the state of personal self-sufficiency)


akrofobia

akrofobia (nominative singular)
akrofobii (genitive singular)
akrofobii (dative singular)
akrofobię (accusative singular)
akrofobią (instrumental singular)
akrofobii (locative singular)
akrofobio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros) + -fobia. First attested in 1877.

ref

Encyklopedya ogólna wiedzy ludzkiej. T. 12, [Truchsess-Zyźmory], 1877, page 246

akrofobia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


akromegalia

akromegalia (nominative singular)
akromegalii (genitive singular)
akromegalii (dative singular)
akromegalię (accusative singular)
akromegalią (instrumental singular)
akromegalii (locative singular)
akromegalio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acromegaly. Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron) and μέγας (mégas). First attested in 1891.

Władysław Gajkiewicz (1891) O akromegalii, page Cover

akromegalia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(pathology) acromegaly (a chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland)


agonia

agonia (nominative singular)
agonie (nominative plural)
agonii (genitive singular)
agonii (genitive plural)
agonii (dative singular)
agoniom (dative plural)
agonię (accusative singular)
agonie (accusative plural)
agonią (instrumental singular)
agoniami (instrumental plural)
agonii (locative singular)
agoniach (locative plural)
agonio (singular vocative)
agonie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English agony. Possible borrowed from German Agonie or from French agonie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀγωνία (agōnía, “emulation, competition, struggle”), from ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”). First attested in 1722.


ekonomia

ekonomia (nominative singular)
ekonomie (nominative plural)
ekonomii (genitive singular)
ekonomii (genitive plural)
ekonomij (archaic genitive plural)
ekonomii (dative singular)
ekonomiom (dative plural)
ekonomię (accusative singular)
ekonomie (accusative plural)
ekonomią (instrumental singular)
ekonomiami (instrumental plural)
ekonomii (locative singular)
ekonomiach (locative plural)
ekonomio (singular vocative)
ekonomie (plural vocative)


margaryna

margaryna (nominative singular)
margaryny (nominative plural)
margaryny (genitive singular)
margaryn (genitive plural)
margarynie (dative singular)
margarynom (dative plural)
margarynę (accusative singular)
margaryny (accusative plural)
margaryną (instrumental singular)
margarynami (instrumental plural)
margarynie (locative singular)
margarynach (locative plural)
margaryno (singular vocative)
margaryny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French margarine, from Ancient Greek μάργαρον (márgaron).


elegia

elegia (nominative singular)
elegie (nominative plural)
elegii (genitive singular)
elegii (genitive plural)
elegij (archaic genitive plural)
elegii (dative singular)
elegiom (dative plural)
elegię (accusative singular)
elegie (accusative plural)
elegią (instrumental singular)
elegiami (instrumental plural)
elegii (locative singular)
elegiach (locative plural)
elegio (singular vocative)
elegie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin elegīa, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγεία ᾠδή (elegeía ōidḗ, “an elegiac song”), from ἐλεγεία (elegeía), feminine of ἐλεγεῖος (elegeîos, “elegiac”), from ἔλεγος (élegos, “poem or song of lament”), perhaps from Phrygian.

(poetry) elegy (mournful or plaintive poem or song)

(music) elegy (composition of mournful character)


euforia

euforia (nominative singular)
euforii (genitive singular)
euforii (dative singular)
euforię (accusative singular)
euforią (instrumental singular)
euforii (locative singular)
euforio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French euphorie, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek εὐφορία (euphoría).


etnografia

etnografia (nominative singular)
etnografii (genitive singular)
etnografii (dative singular)
etnografię (accusative singular)
etnografią (instrumental singular)
etnografii (locative singular)
etnografio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ethnography. By surface analysis, etno- + -grafia.


etologia

etologia (nominative singular)
etologii (genitive singular)
etologii (dative singular)
etologię (accusative singular)
etologią (instrumental singular)
etologii (locative singular)
etologio (singular vocative)

From the Latin ēthologia (“the art of depicting or imitating character”), from the Ancient Greek ἠθολογία (ēthología, “painting of character, especially by mimic gestures”), from ἠθολόγος (ēthológos, “painting character by mimic gestures”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, especially moral character”).

(zoology) ethology (study of animal behaviour)


eufonia

eufonia (nominative singular)
eufonie (nominative plural)
eufonii (genitive singular)
eufonii (genitive plural)
eufonij (archaic genitive plural)
eufonii (dative singular)
eufoniom (dative plural)
eufonię (accusative singular)
eufonie (accusative plural)
eufonią (instrumental singular)
eufoniami (instrumental plural)
eufonii (locative singular)
eufoniach (locative plural)
eufonio (singular vocative)
eufonie (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek εὐφωνία (euphōnía), from εὔφωνος (eúphōnos).


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

(medicine) aetiology (study or investigation of the causes of disease)

aetiology (study of causes or causation)

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


mitra

mitra (nominative singular)
mitry (nominative plural)
mitry (genitive singular)
mitr (genitive plural)
mitrze (dative singular)
mitrom (dative plural)
mitrę (accusative singular)
mitry (accusative plural)
mitrą (instrumental singular)
mitrami (instrumental plural)
mitrze (locative singular)
mitrach (locative plural)
mitro (singular vocative)
mitry (plural vocative)

(Roman Catholicism) mitre (headwear of a church dignitary)

(ecclesiastical, figuratively) bishopric (rank or office of a bishop)


etnologia

etnologia (nominative singular)
etnologii (genitive singular)
etnologii (dative singular)
etnologię (accusative singular)
etnologią (instrumental singular)
etnologii (locative singular)
etnologio (singular vocative)


epidemia

epidemia (nominative singular)
epidemie (nominative plural)
epidemii (genitive singular)
epidemii (genitive plural)
epidemij (archaic genitive plural)
epidemii (dative singular)
epidemiom (dative plural)
epidemię (accusative singular)
epidemie (accusative plural)
epidemią (instrumental singular)
epidemiami (instrumental plural)
epidemii (locative singular)
epidemiach (locative plural)
epidemio (singular vocative)
epidemie (plural vocative)


epidemiologia

epidemiologia (nominative singular)
epidemiologii (genitive singular)
epidemiologii (dative singular)
epidemiologię (accusative singular)
epidemiologią (instrumental singular)
epidemiologii (locative singular)
epidemiologio (singular vocative)


luki

inflection of luka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


genealogia

genealogia (nominative singular)
genealogii (genitive singular)
genealogii (dative singular)
genealogię (accusative singular)
genealogią (instrumental singular)
genealogii (locative singular)
genealogio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin genealogia, from Ancient Greek γενεαλογία (genealogía).

lbor

(genealogy) genealogy (descent of a person, family or group from ancestors)

(genealogy) genealogy (record or table of such descent)

(genealogy) genealogy (study and recording of descents)


tona

tonowy (adjective)
tona (nominative singular)
tony (nominative plural)
tony (genitive singular)
ton (genitive plural)
tonie (dative singular)
tonom (dative plural)
tonę (accusative singular)
tony (accusative plural)
toną (instrumental singular)
tonami (instrumental plural)
tonie (locative singular)
tonach (locative plural)
tono (singular vocative)
tony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French tonne. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79

(metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)

(colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)


tuki

inflection of tuka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


orgia

orgia (nominative singular)
orgie (nominative plural)
orgii (genitive singular)
orgii (genitive plural)
orgij (archaic genitive plural)
orgii (dative singular)
orgiom (dative plural)
orgię (accusative singular)
orgie (accusative plural)
orgią (instrumental singular)
orgiami (instrumental plural)
orgii (locative singular)
orgiach (locative plural)
orgio (singular vocative)
orgie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Orgie, from Latin orgia, from Ancient Greek ὄργια (órgia, “secret rites, mysteries”).

der

(historical) orgy (secret rites or ceremonies, typically involving riotous and dissolute behavior, including dancing, drunkenness and indiscriminate sexual activity, undertaken in honor of various pagan gods or goddesses)


ustawka

ustawka (nominative singular)
ustawki (nominative plural)
ustawki (genitive singular)
ustawek (genitive plural)
ustawce (dative singular)
ustawkom (dative plural)
ustawkę (accusative singular)
ustawki (accusative plural)
ustawką (instrumental singular)
ustawkami (instrumental plural)
ustawce (locative singular)
ustawkach (locative plural)
ustawko (singular vocative)
ustawki (plural vocative)

W nocy z soboty na niedzielę ul. Kościuszki w Dębicy doszło do bijatyki. Policja twierdzi, że byli to pseudokibice dwóch dębickich klubów Igloopolu i Wisłoki. - To była tzw. ustawka - mówią funkcjonariusze.

2006, “Na "ustawce" pobili policjantów”, in Gazeta.pl Rzeszów

At night, from Saturday to Sunday on Kośiuszki street in Dębica it came to fists. The police claim that they were pseudofans of the two local clubs Igloopolu and Wisłoki. "It was a so-called set-up," officers say.

Młodzież organizuje nieraz tzw. ustawki - umówione bijatyki, z których słyną pseudokibice.

2007, “Uczniowie organizują sobie "ustawki”, in Gazeta.pl Poznań, archived from the original on 2007-06-22

The youth are organizing sometimes the so-called set-ups - scheduled fights that pseudofans are famous for.

(slang) pre-arranged fighting (e.g. football hooligan fights)


onania

onania (nominative singular)
onanie (nominative plural)
onanii (genitive singular)
onanii (genitive plural)
onanij (archaic genitive plural)
onanii (dative singular)
onaniom (dative plural)
onanię (accusative singular)
onanie (accusative plural)
onanią (instrumental singular)
onaniami (instrumental plural)
onanii (locative singular)
onaniach (locative plural)
onanio (singular vocative)
onanie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Onanie, from New Latin onania, named after Biblical character Onan.


klimatologia

klimatologia (nominative singular)
klimatologii (genitive singular)
klimatologii (dative singular)
klimatologię (accusative singular)
klimatologią (instrumental singular)
klimatologii (locative singular)
klimatologio (singular vocative)


terminologia

terminologia (nominative singular)
terminologie (nominative plural)
terminologii (genitive singular)
terminologii (genitive plural)
terminologij (archaic genitive plural)
terminologii (dative singular)
terminologiom (dative plural)
terminologię (accusative singular)
terminologie (accusative plural)
terminologią (instrumental singular)
terminologiami (instrumental plural)
terminologii (locative singular)
terminologiach (locative plural)
terminologio (singular vocative)
terminologie (plural vocative)


Marek

Marek (nominative singular)
Markowie (nominative plural)
Marka (genitive singular)
Marków (genitive plural)
Markowi (dative singular)
Markom (dative plural)
Marka (accusative singular)
Marków (accusative plural)
Markiem (instrumental singular)
Markami (instrumental plural)
Marku (locative singular)
Markach (locative plural)
Marku (singular vocative)
Markowie (plural vocative)

→ Estonian: Marek

→ Latvian: Mareks

Learned borrowing from Latin Mārcus. By surface analysis, Mars + -ek.


androginia

androginia (nominative singular)
androginii (genitive singular)
androginii (dative singular)
androginię (accusative singular)
androginią (instrumental singular)
androginii (locative singular)
androginio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀνδρόγῠνος (andrógunos) + -ia. First attested in the 20th century.

af

grc:ἀνδρόγῠνος

ref

androginia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(religion) androgyny, hermaphroditism (quality of a god having two genders found in many religions)

(biology, botany) androgyny, hermaphroditism


Aga

a diminutive of the female given name Agata


Aga

Aga (nominative singular)
Agi (nominative plural)
Agi (genitive singular)
Ag (genitive plural)
Adze (dative singular)
Agom (dative plural)
Agę (accusative singular)
Agi (accusative plural)
Agą (instrumental singular)
Agami (instrumental plural)
Adze (locative singular)
Agach (locative plural)
Ago (singular vocative)
Agi (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Agnieszka


technika

pl-noun

technika f (related adjective techniczny, abbreviation techn. or tech.)

techniczny (adjective)
techn. (abbreviation)
tech. (abbreviation)
technika (nominative singular)
techniki (nominative plural)
techniki (genitive singular)
technik (genitive plural)
technice (dative singular)
technikom (dative plural)
technikę (accusative singular)
techniki (accusative plural)
techniką (instrumental singular)
technikami (instrumental plural)
technice (locative singular)
technikach (locative plural)
techniko (singular vocative)
techniki (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: technika

→ Silesian: technika

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Technik or French technique, ultimately from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós). First attested in 1801.

ref

Michał Szulc (1801) Mowa o architekturze miana na publicznem posiedzeniu Uniwersytetu roku 1801 (in Polish), page 20

technique (method of achieving something or carrying something out, especially one requiring some skill or knowledge)

technology (knowledge or study on such methods)

technique (practical ability in some given field or practice, often as opposed to creativity or imaginative skill)

(education) technique (subject teaching such methods in school)

(education, obsolete) Synonym of technikum


gąbka

gąbeczka (diminutive)
gąbka (nominative singular)
gąbki (nominative plural)
gąbki (genitive singular)
gąbek (genitive plural)
gąbce (dative singular)
gąbkom (dative plural)
gąbkę (accusative singular)
gąbki (accusative plural)
gąbką (instrumental singular)
gąbkami (instrumental plural)
gąbce (locative singular)
gąbkach (locative plural)
gąbko (singular vocative)
gąbki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gǫbъka. By surface analysis, gęba + -ka.


pedanteria

pl-noun

pedanteria f (related adjective pedanteryjny)

pedanteryjny (adjective)
pedanteria (nominative singular)
pedanterii (genitive singular)
pedanterii (dative singular)
pedanterię (accusative singular)
pedanterią (instrumental singular)
pedanterii (locative singular)
pedanterio (singular vocative)

pedantry (excessive attention to detail or rules)


bombarda

bombarda (nominative singular)
bombardy (nominative plural)
bombardy (genitive singular)
bombard (genitive plural)
bombardzie (dative singular)
bombardom (dative plural)
bombardę (accusative singular)
bombardy (accusative plural)
bombardą (instrumental singular)
bombardami (instrumental plural)
bombardzie (locative singular)
bombardach (locative plural)
bombardo (singular vocative)
bombardy (plural vocative)

(historical) bombard (medieval primitive cannon, used chiefly in sieges for throwing heavy stone balls)


metodologia

metodologia (nominative singular)
metodologii (genitive singular)
metodologii (dative singular)
metodologię (accusative singular)
metodologią (instrumental singular)
metodologii (locative singular)
metodologio (singular vocative)

(sciences) methodology (study of methods)


tutka

tutka (nominative singular)
tutki (nominative plural)
tutki (genitive singular)
tutek (genitive plural)
tutce (dative singular)
tutkom (dative plural)
tutkę (accusative singular)
tutki (accusative plural)
tutką (instrumental singular)
tutkami (instrumental plural)
tutce (locative singular)
tutkach (locative plural)
tutko (singular vocative)
tutki (plural vocative)

(colloquial, dated) cylinder made from rolling paper


jukka

jukka (nominative singular)
jukki (nominative plural)
jukki (genitive singular)
jukk (genitive plural)
jukce (dative singular)
jukkom (dative plural)
jukkę (accusative singular)
jukki (accusative plural)
jukką (instrumental singular)
jukkami (instrumental plural)
jukce (locative singular)
jukkach (locative plural)
jukko (singular vocative)
jukki (plural vocative)


Gabriela

pl-prop

Gabriela f (male equivalent Gabriel, diminutive Gabrysia)

Gabriel (masculine)
Gabrysia (diminutive)
Gabriela (nominative singular)
Gabriele (nominative plural)
Gabrieli (genitive singular)
Gabriel (genitive plural)
Gabrieli (genitive plural)
Gabrieli (dative singular)
Gabrielom (dative plural)
Gabrielę (accusative singular)
Gabriele (accusative plural)
Gabrielą (instrumental singular)
Gabrielami (instrumental plural)
Gabrieli (locative singular)
Gabrielach (locative plural)
Gabrielo (singular vocative)
Gabriele (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek, in turn from Biblical Hebrew], equivalent to English Gabriela


grafika

grafika (nominative singular)
grafiki (nominative plural)
grafiki (genitive singular)
grafik (genitive plural)
grafice (dative singular)
grafikom (dative plural)
grafikę (accusative singular)
grafiki (accusative plural)
grafiką (instrumental singular)
grafikami (instrumental plural)
grafice (locative singular)
grafikach (locative plural)
grafiko (singular vocative)
grafiki (plural vocative)


reja

rejka (diminutive)
reja (nominative singular)
reje (nominative plural)
rei (genitive singular)
rei (genitive plural)
rej (genitive plural)
rei (dative singular)
rejom (dative plural)
reję (accusative singular)
reje (accusative plural)
reją (instrumental singular)
rejami (instrumental plural)
rei (locative singular)
rejach (locative plural)
rejo (singular vocative)
reje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch ra, from Middle Dutch ra, from Proto-Germanic *rahō.

(sailing) spreader, yard (crossways-mast on a ship)


Juliana

Julian (masculine)
Juliana (nominative singular)
Juliany (nominative plural)
Juliany (genitive singular)
Julian (genitive plural)
Julianie (dative singular)
Julianom (dative plural)
Julianę (accusative singular)
Juliany (accusative plural)
Julianą (instrumental singular)
Julianami (instrumental plural)
Julianie (locative singular)
Julianach (locative plural)
Juliano (singular vocative)
Juliany (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Juliana


liturgia

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin līturgia, from Ancient Greek λειτουργία (leitourgía).


korki

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

inflection of korka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


juma

juma (nominative singular)
jumy (genitive singular)
jumie (dative singular)
jumę (accusative singular)
jumą (instrumental singular)
jumie (locative singular)
jumo (singular vocative)

Unclear, but possibly a borrowing from English Yuma, as the result of a loose association between the western film 3:10 to Yuma and a scheduled train leaving the town of Zielona Góra for Berlin on the same hour in the 1990s.

Dla części osób możliwość nabycia towarów z „jumy” jest jedyną szansą ich posiadania.

1999, Zbigniew Kurcz, Pogranicze z Niemcami a inne pogranicza Polski, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, page 136

For some people the possibility of acquiring goods by stealing them in Germany is the only chance of owning them.

Bywa, że niektórzy z respondentów (9%) zostali do uprawiania jumy przymuszeni, a to przez starszych kolegów, dla których obecność nieletnich jest gwarancją bezkarności, a to przez własnych rodziców, którzy wraz z dziećmi jeżdżą na jumę.

2000, Andrzej Margasiński, Beata Zajęcka, Psychopatologia i psychoprofilaktyka: przejawy narkomanii, alkoholizmu, przemocy, zaburzeń psychicznych w rodzinie i szkole oraz możliwości im przeciwdziałania: materiały z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej przez Instytut Pedagogiki Społecznej Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Częstochowie, 19-21.10. 1999 r., Impuls, page 176

Some of the respondents (9%) were pressured to deal in shoplifted goods, either by their older colleagues, for whom the presence of minors guarantees impunity, or by their own parents, who go on theft sprees in Germany with their children.

Dla nas nie była to pierwszyzna, jeździliśmy na jumę od pewnego czasu i już raz zaliczyliśmy wpadkę, lecz wówczas pierwszy raz zabraliśmy ze sobą D.P.

2015, Krzysztof Sado Sadowski, Brudne historie, Lębork, page 108

This was not our first rodeo, we had been going on German theft sprees for some time and we had already been busted once, but that was the first time we took D.P. with us.

(colloquial, historical) type of criminal activity popular in the 1990s in the western regions of Poland, involving theft of high value goods in Germany and then trafficking them across the Polish border

(colloquial, by extension) theft (act of stealing property)


architektura

archit. (abbreviation)
architektura (nominative singular)
architektury (genitive singular)
architekturze (dative singular)
architekturę (accusative singular)
architekturą (instrumental singular)
architekturze (locative singular)
architekturo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Architektur, from Latin architectūra.

(architecture) architecture (art and science of designing buildings and other structures)

(architecture) architecture (buildings collectively in a given area)

architecture (the structure and shape of a building)

(literary) architecture (the structure and shape of something in general)

(computing) architecture (specific model of a microchip or CPU)


Danka

Danka (nominative singular)
Danki (nominative plural)
Danki (genitive singular)
Danek (genitive plural)
Dance (dative singular)
Dankom (dative plural)
Dankę (accusative singular)
Danki (accusative plural)
Danką (instrumental singular)
Dankami (instrumental plural)
Dance (locative singular)
Dankach (locative plural)
Danko (singular vocative)
Danki (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Danuta


kania

kania (nominative singular)
kanie (nominative plural)
kani (genitive singular)
kań (genitive plural)
kani (dative singular)
kaniom (dative plural)
kanię (accusative singular)
kanie (accusative plural)
kanią (instrumental singular)
kaniami (instrumental plural)
kani (locative singular)
kaniach (locative plural)
kanio (singular vocative)
kanie (plural vocative)

Macrolepiota procera
Macrolepiota procera#Translingual

kite (any bird of prey of the genus Milvus)


talia

talia (nominative singular)
talie (nominative plural)
talii (genitive singular)
talii (genitive plural)
talij (archaic genitive plural)
talii (dative singular)
taliom (dative plural)
talię (accusative singular)
talie (accusative plural)
talią (instrumental singular)
taliami (instrumental plural)
talii (locative singular)
taliach (locative plural)
talio (singular vocative)
talie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French taille, from Old French taille, from Latin tālea.

(anatomy) waist (part of the body between the pelvis and the stomach)

waistline (the narrowest part of a garment, usually at the waist)


talia

(card games) deck (pack of playing cards)


talia

(engineering) tackle (device for grasping an object and an attached means of moving it, as a rope and hook)


Natalia

Natalia (nominative singular)
Natalie (nominative plural)
Natalii (genitive singular)
Natalii (genitive plural)
Natalii (dative singular)
Nataliom (dative plural)
Natalię (accusative singular)
Natalie (accusative plural)
Natalią (instrumental singular)
Nataliami (instrumental plural)
Natalii (locative singular)
Nataliach (locative plural)
Natalio (singular vocative)
Natalie (plural vocative)

a female given name, equivalent to English Natalie


unia

unia (nominative singular)
unie (nominative plural)
unii (genitive singular)
unii (genitive plural)
unij (archaic genitive plural)
unii (dative singular)
uniom (dative plural)
unię (accusative singular)
unie (accusative plural)
unią (instrumental singular)
uniami (instrumental plural)
unii (locative singular)
uniach (locative plural)
unio (singular vocative)
unie (plural vocative)


Nadia

Nadia (nominative singular)
Nadie (nominative plural)
Nadii (genitive singular)
Nadii (genitive plural)
Nadyj (archaic genitive plural)
Nadii (dative singular)
Nadiom (dative plural)
Nadię (accusative singular)
Nadie (accusative plural)
Nadią (instrumental singular)
Nadiami (instrumental plural)
Nadii (locative singular)
Nadiach (locative plural)
Nadio (singular vocative)
Nadie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian На́дя (Nádja), diminutive of Наде́жда (Nadéžda, “Hope”), from наде́жда (nadéžda, “hope”), also present as Nadzieja.

a female given name from Russian, equivalent to English Nadia


Rus

From rusy or Rus ("Ruthenian" or "Russian").


proteina

proteina (nominative singular)
proteiny (nominative plural)
proteiny (genitive singular)
protein (genitive plural)
proteinie (dative singular)
proteinom (dative plural)
proteinę (accusative singular)
proteiny (accusative plural)
proteiną (instrumental singular)
proteinami (instrumental plural)
proteinie (locative singular)
proteinach (locative plural)
proteino (singular vocative)
proteiny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English protein, French protéine, German Protein, ultimately from Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos).

(biochemistry) protein (large, complex molecule composed of long chains of amino acids)


dupa

pl-noun

dupa f (diminutive dupka, augmentative dupsko)

dupka (diminutive)
dupsko (augmentative)
dupa (nominative singular)
dupy (nominative plural)
dupy (genitive singular)
dup (genitive plural)
dupie (dative singular)
dupom (dative plural)
dupę (accusative singular)
dupy (accusative plural)
dupą (instrumental singular)
dupami (instrumental plural)
dupie (locative singular)
dupach (locative plural)
dupo (singular vocative)
dupy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dupa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂, from the root *dʰewp- (“deep”).


filologia

filologia (nominative singular)
filologie (nominative plural)
filologii (genitive singular)
filologii (genitive plural)
filologij (archaic genitive plural)
filologii (dative singular)
filologiom (dative plural)
filologię (accusative singular)
filologie (accusative plural)
filologią (instrumental singular)
filologiami (instrumental plural)
filologii (locative singular)
filologiach (locative plural)
filologio (singular vocative)
filologie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French philologie, from Latin philologia, from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología). By surface analysis, filo- + -logia.

Jestem studentem filologii rosyjskiej.

study of language, literature and culture of a particular nation; philology


osina

osina (nominative singular)
osiny (nominative plural)
osiny (genitive singular)
osin (genitive plural)
osinie (dative singular)
osinom (dative plural)
osinę (accusative singular)
osiny (accusative plural)
osiną (instrumental singular)
osinami (instrumental plural)
osinie (locative singular)
osinach (locative plural)
osino (singular vocative)
osiny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *opsina, from *opsa.


kuria

kuria (nominative singular)
kurie (nominative plural)
kurii (genitive singular)
kurii (genitive plural)
kuryj (archaic genitive plural)
kurii (dative singular)
kuriom (dative plural)
kurię (accusative singular)
kurie (accusative plural)
kurią (instrumental singular)
kuriami (instrumental plural)
kurii (locative singular)
kuriach (locative plural)
kurio (singular vocative)
kurie (plural vocative)

(Ancient Rome, historical) curia (any of the subdivisions of a tribe in ancient Rome)

(Ancient Rome, historical) curia (Roman senate during the republic)


suita

suita (nominative singular)
suity (nominative plural)
suity (genitive singular)
suit (genitive plural)
suicie (dative singular)
suitom (dative plural)
suitę (accusative singular)
suity (accusative plural)
suitą (instrumental singular)
suitami (instrumental plural)
suicie (locative singular)
suitach (locative plural)
suito (singular vocative)
suity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French suite. Doublet of świta.

(music) suite (musical form, popular before the time of the sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude)

(theater) suite (spectacle comprising distinct scenes or stage forms)

(slang) suite (small, elegant hotel room)


kuta

kuta (nominative singular)
kuty (nominative plural)
kuty (genitive singular)
kut (genitive plural)
kucie (dative singular)
kutom (dative plural)
kutę (accusative singular)
kuty (accusative plural)
kutą (instrumental singular)
kutami (instrumental plural)
kucie (locative singular)
kutach (locative plural)
kuto (singular vocative)
kuty (plural vocative)

habit (a long piece of clothing worn by monks)


stratosfera

stratosfera (nominative singular)
stratosfery (nominative plural)
stratosfery (genitive singular)
stratosfer (genitive plural)
stratosferze (dative singular)
stratosferom (dative plural)
stratosferę (accusative singular)
stratosfery (accusative plural)
stratosferą (instrumental singular)
stratosferami (instrumental plural)
stratosferze (locative singular)
stratosferach (locative plural)
stratosfero (singular vocative)
stratosfery (plural vocative)


entalpia

entalpia (nominative singular)
entalpie (nominative plural)
entalpii (genitive singular)
entalpii (genitive plural)
entalpij (archaic genitive plural)
entalpii (dative singular)
entalpiom (dative plural)
entalpię (accusative singular)
entalpie (accusative plural)
entalpią (instrumental singular)
entalpiami (instrumental plural)
entalpii (locative singular)
entalpiach (locative plural)
entalpio (singular vocative)
entalpie (plural vocative)


jatka

jatka (nominative singular)
jatki (nominative plural)
jatki (genitive singular)
jatek (genitive plural)
jatce (dative singular)
jatkom (dative plural)
jatkę (accusative singular)
jatki (accusative plural)
jatką (instrumental singular)
jatkami (instrumental plural)
jatce (locative singular)
jatkach (locative plural)
jatko (singular vocative)
jatki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jatъka. By surface analysis, jata + -ka.


troposfera

troposfera (nominative singular)
troposfery (nominative plural)
troposfery (genitive singular)
troposfer (genitive plural)
troposferze (dative singular)
troposferom (dative plural)
troposferę (accusative singular)
troposfery (accusative plural)
troposferą (instrumental singular)
troposferami (instrumental plural)
troposferze (locative singular)
troposferach (locative plural)
troposfero (singular vocative)
troposfery (plural vocative)


Tonia

Tonia (nominative singular)
Tonie (nominative plural)
Toni (genitive singular)
Toni (genitive plural)
Toni (dative singular)
Toniom (dative plural)
Tonię (accusative singular)
Tonie (accusative plural)
Tonią (instrumental singular)
Toniami (instrumental plural)
Toni (locative singular)
Toniach (locative plural)
Tonio (singular vocative)
Tonie (plural vocative)

a diminutive of the female given name Antonina


tantra

tantra (nominative singular)
tantry (nominative plural)
tantry (genitive singular)
tantr (genitive plural)
tantrze (dative singular)
tantrom (dative plural)
tantrę (accusative singular)
tantry (accusative plural)
tantrą (instrumental singular)
tantrami (instrumental plural)
tantrze (locative singular)
tantrach (locative plural)
tantro (singular vocative)
tantry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, from Proto-Indo-European *téntlom, from *ten- (“to stretch, extend”).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) tantra (Hindu or Buddhist religious text)


maligna

maligna (nominative singular)
maligny (genitive singular)
malignie (dative singular)
malignę (accusative singular)
maligną (instrumental singular)
malignie (locative singular)
maligno (singular vocative)

(literary, medicine) high fever with disturbance of consciousness and delirium


kapka

kapka (nominative singular)
kapki (nominative plural)
kapki (genitive singular)
kapek (genitive plural)
kapce (dative singular)
kapkom (dative plural)
kapkę (accusative singular)
kapki (accusative plural)
kapką (instrumental singular)
kapkami (instrumental plural)
kapce (locative singular)
kapkach (locative plural)
kapko (singular vocative)
kapki (plural vocative)


pomsta

pomsta (nominative singular)
pomsty (nominative plural)
pomsty (genitive singular)
pomst (genitive plural)
pomście (dative singular)
pomstom (dative plural)
pomstę (accusative singular)
pomsty (accusative plural)
pomstą (instrumental singular)
pomstami (instrumental plural)
pomście (locative singular)
pomstach (locative plural)
pomsto (singular vocative)
pomsty (plural vocative)

(dated) revenge, vengeance (retaliatory action)


dusza

duszka (diminutive)
dusza (nominative singular)
dusze (nominative plural)
duszy (genitive singular)
dusz (genitive plural)
duszy (dative singular)
duszom (dative plural)
duszę (accusative singular)
dusze (accusative plural)
duszą (instrumental singular)
duszami (instrumental plural)
duszy (locative singular)
duszach (locative plural)
duszo (singular vocative)
dusze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dūšà. By surface analysis, duch + -ia.


fotometria

fotometria (nominative singular)
fotometrii (genitive singular)
fotometrii (dative singular)
fotometrię (accusative singular)
fotometrią (instrumental singular)
fotometrii (locative singular)
fotometrio (singular vocative)


replika

replika (nominative singular)
repliki (nominative plural)
repliki (genitive singular)
replik (genitive plural)
replice (dative singular)
replikom (dative plural)
replikę (accusative singular)
repliki (accusative plural)
repliką (instrumental singular)
replikami (instrumental plural)
replice (locative singular)
replikach (locative plural)
repliko (singular vocative)
repliki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian replica, from Medieval Latin replica.


mandorla

mandorla (nominative singular)
mandorle (nominative plural)
mandorli (genitive singular)
mandorli (genitive plural)
mandorli (dative singular)
mandorlom (dative plural)
mandorlę (accusative singular)
mandorle (accusative plural)
mandorlą (instrumental singular)
mandorlami (instrumental plural)
mandorli (locative singular)
mandorlach (locative plural)
mandorlo (singular vocative)
mandorle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian mandorla. Doublet of migdał.