-ity

-ity (masculine nominative singular)
-ita (feminine nominative singular)
-ite (neuter nominative singular)
-ici (nominative plural virile)
-ite (nominative plural)
-itego (genitive masculine singular)
-itej (feminine genitive singular)
-itego (genitive neuter singular)
-itych (genitive plural)
-itych (genitive plural virile)
-itemu (dative masculine singular)
-itej (dative feminine singular)
-itemu (dative neuter singular)
-itym (dative plural)
-itym (dative plural virile)
-itego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ity (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-itą (accusative feminine singular)
-ite (accusative neuter singular)
-itych (accusative plural virile)
-ite (accusative plural)
-itym (instrumental masculine singular)
-itą (feminine instrumental singular)
-itym (instrumental neuter singular)
-itymi (instrumental plural)
-itymi (instrumental plural virile)
-itym (locative masculine singular)
-itej (feminine locative singular)
-itym (locative neuter singular)
-itych (locative plural)
-itych (locative plural virile)

pracować + -ity → pracowity


-um

-um (nominative singular)
-a (nominative plural)
-um (genitive singular)
-ów (genitive plural)
-um (dative singular)
-om (dative plural)
-um (accusative singular)
-a (accusative plural)
-um (instrumental singular)
-ami (instrumental plural)
-um (locative singular)
-ach (locative plural)
-um (singular vocative)
-a (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin -um. Doublet of -o.

suffix used in singular forms of Latin neuter borrowings


-ie

wybitny + -ie → wybitnie


-er

-er (nominative singular)
-erzy (nominative plural)
-ery (derogatory nominative plural)
-era (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-era (accusative singular)
-erów (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-erzy (plural vocative)
-er (nominative singular)
-ery (nominative plural)
-era (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-era (accusative singular)
-ery (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-ery (plural vocative)
-er (nominative singular)
-ery (nominative plural)
-eru (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-er (accusative singular)
-ery (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-ery (plural vocative)

aport + -er → aporter


-ing

-ing (nominative singular)
-ingi (nominative plural)
-ingu (genitive singular)
-ingów (genitive plural)
-ingowi (dative singular)
-ingom (dative plural)
-ing (accusative singular)
-ingi (accusative plural)
-ingiem (instrumental singular)
-ingami (instrumental plural)
-ingu (locative singular)
-ingach (locative plural)
-ingu (singular vocative)
-ingi (plural vocative)

grzyb + -ing → grzybing


-or

-or (nominative singular)
-ory (nominative plural)
-a (genitive singular)
-orów (genitive plural)
-orowi (dative singular)
-orom (dative plural)
-or (accusative singular)
-ory (accusative plural)
-orem (instrumental singular)
-orami (instrumental plural)
-orze (locative singular)
-orach (locative plural)
-orze (singular vocative)
-ory (plural vocative)

język + -or → jęzor


-ka

-ka (nominative singular)
-ki (nominative plural)
-ki (genitive singular)
-ek (genitive plural)
-ce (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-kę (accusative singular)
-ki (accusative plural)
-ką (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ce (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ko (singular vocative)
-ki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ka, from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Azjata + -ka → Azjatka

część + -ka → cząstka


-ka

inflection of -ko:
nominative/vocative plural


-oid

-oid (nominative singular)
-oidy (nominative plural)
-oidu (genitive singular)
-oidów (genitive plural)
-oidowi (dative singular)
-oidom (dative plural)
-oid (accusative singular)
-oidy (accusative plural)
-oidem (instrumental singular)
-oidami (instrumental plural)
-oidzie (locative singular)
-oidach (locative plural)
-oidzie (singular vocative)
-oidy (plural vocative)
-oid (nominative singular)
-oidy (nominative plural)
-oida (genitive singular)
-oidów (genitive plural)
-oidowi (dative singular)
-oidom (dative plural)
-oida (accusative singular)
-oidy (accusative plural)
-oidem (instrumental singular)
-oidami (instrumental plural)
-oidzie (locative singular)
-oidach (locative plural)
-oidzie (singular vocative)
-oidy (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs).

der+

bakteria + -oid → bakteroid


-id

-id (nominative singular)
-idy (nominative plural)
-idu (genitive singular)
-idów (genitive plural)
-idowi (dative singular)
-idom (dative plural)
-id (accusative singular)
-idy (accusative plural)
-idem (instrumental singular)
-idami (instrumental plural)
-idzie (locative singular)
-idach (locative plural)
-idzie (singular vocative)
-idy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).

lbor

amoniak + -id → amid


-ko

-ko (nominative singular)
-ka (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-k (genitive plural)
-ek (genitive plural)
-ku (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-ko (accusative singular)
-ka (accusative plural)
-kiem (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ko (singular vocative)
-ka (plural vocative)

słowo + -ko → słówko

diminutive suffix for neuter nouns. May cause various vowel shifts


-ni

-ni (masculine nominative singular)
-nia (feminine nominative singular)
-nie (neuter nominative singular)
-ni (nominative plural virile)
-nie (nominative plural)
-niego (genitive masculine singular)
-niej (feminine genitive singular)
-niego (genitive neuter singular)
-nich (genitive plural)
-nich (genitive plural virile)
-niemu (dative masculine singular)
-niej (dative feminine singular)
-niemu (dative neuter singular)
-nim (dative plural)
-nim (dative plural virile)
-niego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ni (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-nią (accusative feminine singular)
-nie (accusative neuter singular)
-nich (accusative plural virile)
-nie (accusative plural)
-nim (instrumental masculine singular)
-nią (feminine instrumental singular)
-nim (instrumental neuter singular)
-nimi (instrumental plural)
-nimi (instrumental plural virile)
-nim (locative masculine singular)
-niej (feminine locative singular)
-nim (locative neuter singular)
-nich (locative plural)
-nich (locative plural virile)

żyto + -ni → żytni

wschód + -ni → wschodni

forms masculine adjectives relating to place


-al

-al (nominative singular)
-ale (nominative plural)
-ala (genitive singular)
-ali (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-ala (accusative singular)
-ali (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-ale (plural vocative)
-al (nominative singular)
-ale (nominative plural)
-alu (genitive singular)
-ali (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-al (accusative singular)
-ale (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-ale (plural vocative)
-al (nominative singular)
-alowie (nominative plural)
-ala (genitive singular)
alów (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-ala (accusative singular)
alów (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-alowie (plural vocative)

nos + -al → nochal

forms masculine nouns, usually augmentative in nature


-na

-na (nominative singular)
-ne (nominative plural)
-ny (nominative plural)
-nej (genitive singular)
-ny (genitive singular)
-nych (genitive plural)
-en (genitive plural)
-n (genitive plural)
-nej (dative singular)
-nie (dative singular)
-nym (dative plural)
-nom (dative plural)
-ną (accusative singular)
-nę (accusative singular)
-ne (accusative plural)
-ny (accusative plural)
-ną (instrumental singular)
-nymi (instrumental plural)
-nami (instrumental plural)
-nej (locative singular)
-nie (locative singular)
-nych (locative plural)
-nach (locative plural)
-no (singular vocative)
-ne (plural vocative)
-ny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna

forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess

arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna

forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"


-u

polski + -u → po polsku

(sometimes archaic) forms the masculine dative singular, now used to create adverbs, always used in conjunction with po

kowal + -u → kowalu

forms the inanimate masculine genitive singular after soft or historically soft stems

chłopiec + -u → chłopcu

(rare) forms the masculine dative singular in certain words

kowal + -u → kowalu

kowal + -u → kowalu

mamusia + -u → mamusiu

forms the feminine vocative singular after -ś and -ź

pole + -u → polu

stoisko + -u → stoisku

forms the neuter dative singular in soft and velar stems

pole + -u → polu

stoisko + -u → stoisku

forms the neuter locative singular in soft and velar stems


-da

-da (nominative singular)
-dy (nominative plural)
-dy (genitive singular)
-d (genitive plural)
-dzie (dative singular)
-dom (dative plural)
-dę (accusative singular)
-dy (accusative plural)
-dą (instrumental singular)
-dami (instrumental plural)
-dzie (locative singular)
-dach (locative plural)
-do (singular vocative)
-dy (plural vocative)

prawy + -da → prawda

krzywy + -da → krzywda

(obsolete) forms feminine nouns meaning the action of a verb


-un

bieg + -un → biegun


-an

-an (nominative singular)
-any (nominative plural)
-anu (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-an (accusative singular)
-any (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-any (plural vocative)
-an (nominative singular)
-ani (nominative plural)
-any (derogatory nominative plural)
-ana (genitive singular)
-anów (genitive plural)
-anowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-ana (accusative singular)
-anów (accusative plural)
-anem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-anie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-anie (singular vocative)
-ani (plural vocative)

chlor (“chlorine”) + -an → chloran (“chlorate”)

(chemistry) -ate, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -owy (-ic)

młody + -an → młodzian


-a

-a (nominative singular)
-y (nominative plural)
-y (genitive singular)
-ie (dative singular)
-om (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-y (accusative plural)
-ą (instrumental singular)
-ami (instrumental plural)
-ie (locative singular)
-ach (locative plural)
-o (singular vocative)
-y (plural vocative)

Zdzisław + -a → Zdzisława

forms feminine names from masculine names

rad + -a → rada.

(obsolete) forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of short forms of adjectives


-a

-yni (feminine)
-a (nominative singular)
-owie (nominative plural)
-y (derogatory nominative plural)
-y (genitive singular)
-ów (genitive plural)
-ie (dative singular)
-om (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-ów (accusative plural)
-ą (instrumental singular)
-ami (instrumental plural)
-ie (locative singular)
-ach (locative plural)
-o (singular vocative)
-y (plural vocative)


-a

Inherited from Old Polish -á, from Proto-Slavic *-aja.

główny + -a → główna

forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of adjectives


-a

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьja. Doublet of -ia.

forms collective nouns, causes palatalization


-a

brat + -a → bracia

forms some plural forms, causes palatalization


-a

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-éad, the thematic ablative suffix.

Zdzisław + -a → Zdzisława

but + -a → buta

used to create the masculine genitive singular, usually of animate nouns, but also of some inanimate nouns

zdanie + -a → zdania

od dawna

zgoła


-a

zdanie + -a → zdania

forms the nominative plural of neuter nouns


-in

-in (nominative singular)
-iny (nominative plural)
-inu (genitive singular)
-inów (genitive plural)
-inowi (dative singular)
-inom (dative plural)
-in (accusative singular)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inem (instrumental singular)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inie (locative singular)
-inach (locative plural)
-inie (singular vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)

arsen + -in → arsenin


-in

Inherited from Old Polish -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.


-on

-on (nominative singular)
-ony (nominative plural)
-onu (genitive singular)
-ona (genitive singular)
-onów (genitive plural)
-onowi (dative singular)
-onom (dative plural)
-on (accusative singular)
-ony (accusative plural)
-onem (instrumental singular)
-onami (instrumental plural)
-onie (locative singular)
-onach (locative plural)
-onie (singular vocative)
-ony (plural vocative)
-on (nominative singular)
-oni (nominative plural)
-ony (derogatory nominative plural)
-ona (genitive singular)
-onów (genitive plural)
-onowi (dative singular)
-onom (dative plural)
-ona (accusative singular)
-onów (accusative plural)
-onem (instrumental singular)
-onami (instrumental plural)
-onie (locative singular)
-onach (locative plural)
-onie (singular vocative)
-oni (plural vocative)

kuć + -on → kujon


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (genitive singular)
-enowi (dative singular)
-en (accusative singular)
-enem (instrumental singular)
-enie (locative singular)
-enie (singular vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).

der+

acetyl + -en → acetylen


-o

beztroski + -o → beztrosko

dziad + -o → dziadzio

forms diminutives, softening the previous consonant


-pedia

-pedia (nominative singular)
-pedii (genitive singular)
-pedii (dative singular)
-pedię (accusative singular)
-pedią (instrumental singular)
-pedii (locative singular)
-pedio (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek παιδεία (paideía), from παῖς (paîs).

hipno- + -pedia → hipnopedia


-j

a → działać → dzialaj

e → bieleć → bielej

i → bić → bij

u → kuć → kuj

y → gaworzyć → gaworzyj


-plast

-plast (nominative singular)
-plasty (nominative plural)
-plastu (genitive singular)
-plastów (genitive plural)
-plastowi (dative singular)
-plastom (dative plural)
-plast (accusative singular)
-plasty (accusative plural)
-plastem (instrumental singular)
-plastami (instrumental plural)
-plaście (locative singular)
-plastach (locative plural)
-plaście (singular vocative)
-plasty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -πλαστός (-plastós).

lbor

termo- + -plast → termoplast


-as

-as (nominative singular)
-asy (nominative plural)
-asowie (nominative plural)
-asa (genitive singular)
-asów (genitive plural)
-asowi (dative singular)
-asom (dative plural)
-asa (accusative singular)
-asów (accusative plural)
-asem (instrumental singular)
-asami (instrumental plural)
-asie (locative singular)
-asach (locative plural)
-asie (singular vocative)
-asy (plural vocative)
-asowie (plural vocative)


-us

sługa + -us → sługus

Kraków + -us → krakus


-i

-i (masculine nominative singular)
-ia (feminine nominative singular)
-ie (neuter nominative singular)
-i (nominative plural virile)
-ie (nominative plural)
-iego (genitive masculine singular)
-iej (feminine genitive singular)
-iego (genitive neuter singular)
-ich (genitive plural)
-ich (genitive plural virile)
-iemu (dative masculine singular)
-iej (dative feminine singular)
-iemu (dative neuter singular)
-im (dative plural)
-im (dative plural virile)
-iego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-i (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ią (accusative feminine singular)
-ie (accusative neuter singular)
-ich (accusative plural virile)
-ie (accusative plural)
-im (instrumental masculine singular)
-ią (feminine instrumental singular)
-im (instrumental neuter singular)
-imi (instrumental plural)
-imi (instrumental plural virile)
-im (locative masculine singular)
-iej (feminine locative singular)
-im (locative neuter singular)
-ich (locative plural)
-ich (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish -i, from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.

koza + -i → kozi

kot + -i → koci

pies + -i → psi

forms masculine adjectives meaning "belonging to", especially for animals

noga + -i → beznogi

forms masculine adjectives derived from prepositional phrases


-e

Inherited from Old Polish -e, from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Doublet of -ion and -ium.

po + bok + -e → pobocze

forms neuter nouns denoting a place, typically from a prepositional phrase

list + -e → liście (see liść)

zwykły + -e → zwykle

forms adverbs from adjectives, causes softening


-gram

-gram (nominative singular)
-gramy (nominative plural)
-gramu (genitive singular)
-gramów (genitive plural)
-gramowi (dative singular)
-gramom (dative plural)
-gram (accusative singular)
-gramy (accusative plural)
-gramem (instrumental singular)
-gramami (instrumental plural)
-gramie (locative singular)
-gramach (locative plural)
-gramie (singular vocative)
-gramy (plural vocative)

idea + -gram → ideogram


-ista

-ista (nominative singular)
-iści (nominative plural)
-isty (derogatory nominative plural)
-isty (genitive singular)
-istów (genitive plural)
-iście (dative singular)
-istom (dative plural)
-istę (accusative singular)
-istów (accusative plural)
-istą (instrumental singular)
-istami (instrumental plural)
-iście (locative singular)
-istach (locative plural)
-isto (singular vocative)
-iści (plural vocative)

czołg + -ista → czołgista

added to words to form names of activity's performers or professions; -ist


-ol

-ol (nominative singular)
-ole (nominative plural)
-ola (genitive singular)
-oli (genitive plural)
-olowi (dative singular)
-olom (dative plural)
-ola (accusative singular)
-oli (accusative plural)
-olem (instrumental singular)
-olami (instrumental plural)
-olu (locative singular)
-olach (locative plural)
-olu (singular vocative)
-ole (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) forms names of alcohols

forms derogatory masculine nouns referring to people


-blast

-blast (nominative singular)
-blasty (nominative plural)
-blastu (genitive singular)
-blastów (genitive plural)
-blastowi (dative singular)
-blastom (dative plural)
-blast (accusative singular)
-blasty (accusative plural)
-blastem (instrumental singular)
-blastami (instrumental plural)
-blaście (locative singular)
-blastach (locative plural)
-blaście (singular vocative)
-blasty (plural vocative)

cyto- + -blast → cytoblast


-ini

-ini (nominative singular)
-inie (nominative plural)
-ini (genitive singular)
-iń (genitive plural)
-ini (dative singular)
-iniom (dative plural)
-inię (accusative singular)
-inie (accusative plural)
-inią (instrumental singular)
-iniami (instrumental plural)
-ini (locative singular)
-iniach (locative plural)
-ini (singular vocative)
-inie (plural vocative)

bóg + -ini → bogini

forms feminine nouns from masculine words, used after ch, k, and g


-ina

-ina (nominative singular)
-iny (nominative plural)
-iny (genitive singular)
-in (genitive plural)
-inie (dative singular)
-inom (dative plural)
-inę (accusative singular)
-iny (accusative plural)
-iną (instrumental singular)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inie (locative singular)
-inach (locative plural)
-ino (singular vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames (ending with -a and -g, -ge, -go) to form nouns meaning: wife of

(obsolete) appended to animals to mean meat of

(obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of

forms feminine nouns of various meanings


-biont

-biont (nominative singular)
-bionty (nominative plural)
-bionta (genitive singular)
-biontów (genitive plural)
-biontowi (dative singular)
-biontom (dative plural)
-bionta (accusative singular)
-bionty (accusative plural)
-biontem (instrumental singular)
-biontami (instrumental plural)
-bioncie (locative singular)
-biontach (locative plural)
-bioncie (singular vocative)
-bionty (plural vocative)

an- + oksy- + -biont → anoksybiont


-arium

-arium (nominative singular)
-aria (nominative plural)
-arium (genitive singular)
-ariów (genitive plural)
-arium (dative singular)
-ariom (dative plural)
-arium (accusative singular)
-aria (accusative plural)
-arium (instrumental singular)
-ariami (instrumental plural)
-arium (locative singular)
-ariach (locative plural)
-arium (singular vocative)
-aria (plural vocative)

foka + -arium → fokarium


-ator

-ator (nominative singular)
-atorzy (nominative plural)
-atory (derogatory nominative plural)
-atora (genitive singular)
-atorów (genitive plural)
-atorowi (dative singular)
-atorom (dative plural)
-atora (accusative singular)
-atorów (accusative plural)
-atorem (instrumental singular)
-atorami (instrumental plural)
-atorze (locative singular)
-atorach (locative plural)
-atorze (singular vocative)
-atorzy (plural vocative)

adiustacja + -ator → adiustator

forms masculine agentitive nouns, usually professions


-ant

-ant (nominative singular)
-anci (nominative plural)
-anty (derogatory nominative plural)
-anta (genitive singular)
-antów (genitive plural)
-antowi (dative singular)
-antom (dative plural)
-anta (accusative singular)
-antów (accusative plural)
-antem (instrumental singular)
-antami (instrumental plural)
-ancie (locative singular)
-antach (locative plural)
-ancie (singular vocative)
-anci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French -ant, from Old French -ant, from Latin -āns, -ēns.

kurs + -ant → kursant


-el

-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-elowie (nominative plural)
-ela (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elów (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-ela (accusative singular)
-eli (accusative plural)
-elów (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-elowie (plural vocative)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-ela (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-ela (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-elu (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)

śmierdzieć + -el → śmierdziel


-ota

-ota (nominative singular)
-oty (nominative plural)
-oty (genitive singular)
-ot (genitive plural)
-ocie (dative singular)
-otom (dative plural)
-otę (accusative singular)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otą (instrumental singular)
-otami (instrumental plural)
-ocie (locative singular)
-otach (locative plural)
-oto (singular vocative)
-oty (plural vocative)

ciemny (“dark”) + -ota → ciemnota (“darkness”)

noun suffix, typically abstract concepts


-gen

-gen (nominative singular)
-geny (nominative plural)
-genu (genitive singular)
-genów (genitive plural)
-genowi (dative singular)
-genom (dative plural)
-gen (accusative singular)
-geny (accusative plural)
-genem (instrumental singular)
-genami (instrumental plural)
-genie (locative singular)
-genach (locative plural)
-genie (singular vocative)
-geny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs).

alergia + -gen → alergen


-yn

-yn (nominative singular)
-yny (nominative plural)
-ynu (genitive singular)
-ynów (genitive plural)
-ynowi (dative singular)
-ynom (dative plural)
-yn (accusative singular)
-yny (accusative plural)
-ynem (instrumental singular)
-ynami (instrumental plural)
-ynie (locative singular)
-ynach (locative plural)
-ynie (singular vocative)
-yny (plural vocative)

chlor (“chlorine”) + -yn → chloryn (“chlorite”)

(chemistry) -ite, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -awy (-ous)


-ita

-ita (nominative singular)
-ici (nominative plural)
-ity (derogatory nominative plural)
-ity (genitive singular)
-itów (genitive plural)
-icie (dative singular)
-itom (dative plural)
-itę (accusative singular)
-itów (accusative plural)
-itą (instrumental singular)
-itami (instrumental plural)
-icie (locative singular)
-itach (locative plural)
-ito (singular vocative)
-ici (plural vocative)

Abraham + -ita → Abrahamita

used to form nouns denoting followers or adherents of a specified person, idea, doctrine, movement, etc.; -ite

Lech + -ita → Lechita


-ij

ciąć + -ij → tnij


-opia

-opia (nominative singular)
-opie (nominative plural)
-opii (genitive singular)
-opii (genitive plural)
-opij (archaic genitive plural)
-opii (dative singular)
-opiom (dative plural)
-opię (accusative singular)
-opie (accusative plural)
-opią (instrumental singular)
-opiami (instrumental plural)
-opii (locative singular)
-opiach (locative plural)
-opio (singular vocative)
-opie (plural vocative)

metr + -opia → ametropia


-cha

-cha (nominative singular)
-chy (nominative plural)
-chy (genitive singular)
-ch (genitive plural)
-sze (dative singular)
-chom (dative plural)
-chę (accusative singular)
-chy (accusative plural)
-chą (instrumental singular)
-chami (instrumental plural)
-sze (locative singular)
-chach (locative plural)
-cho (singular vocative)
-chy (plural vocative)
-cha (nominative singular)
-chy (nominative plural)
-chy (genitive singular)
-chów (genitive plural)
-ch (genitive plural)
-sze (dative singular)
-chom (dative plural)
-chę (accusative singular)
-chów (accusative plural)
-ch (accusative plural)
-chą (instrumental singular)
-chami (instrumental plural)
-sze (locative singular)
-chach (locative plural)
-cho (singular vocative)
-chy (plural vocative)
-cha (nominative singular)
-chowie (nominative plural)
-chy (genitive singular)
-chów (genitive plural)
-sze (dative singular)
-chom (dative plural)
-chę (accusative singular)
-chów (accusative plural)
-chą (instrumental singular)
-chami (instrumental plural)
-sze (locative singular)
-chach (locative plural)
-cho (singular vocative)
-chowie (plural vocative)

gospodyni + -cha → gospocha

gorzałka + -cha → gocha

kiszka + -cha → kicha

kleryk + -cha → klecha

kmotra + -cha → kmocha

kreska + -cha → krecha

łyżka + -cha → łycha

misa + -cha → micha

pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha

plesz + -cha → plecha

wiązka + -cha → wiącha

wioska + -cha → wiocha

zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha

attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory

Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha

Zofia + -cha → Zocha

attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames


-ski

-ski (masculine nominative singular)
-ska (feminine nominative singular)
-skie (neuter nominative singular)
-scy (nominative plural virile)
-skie (nominative plural)
-skiego (genitive masculine singular)
-skiej (feminine genitive singular)
-skiego (genitive neuter singular)
-skich (genitive plural)
-skich (genitive plural virile)
-skiemu (dative masculine singular)
-sku (archaic dative masculine singular)
-skiej (dative feminine singular)
-skiemu (dative neuter singular)
-sku (archaic dative neuter singular)
-skim (dative plural)
-skim (dative plural virile)
-skiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ską (accusative feminine singular)
-skie (accusative neuter singular)
-skich (accusative plural virile)
-skie (accusative plural)
-skim (instrumental masculine singular)
-ską (feminine instrumental singular)
-skim (instrumental neuter singular)
-skimi (instrumental plural)
-skimi (instrumental plural virile)
-skim (locative masculine singular)
-skiej (feminine locative singular)
-skim (locative neuter singular)
-skich (locative plural)
-skich (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish -ski, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.

kowal + -ski → Kowalski

dama + -ski → damski


-mania

-mania (nominative singular)
-manii (genitive singular)
-manii (dative singular)
-manię (accusative singular)
-manią (instrumental singular)
-manii (locative singular)
-manio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -μανία (-manía).

auto- + -mania → automania


-log

-log (nominative singular)
-lodzy (nominative plural)
-logowie (nominative plural)
-logi (derogatory nominative plural)
-loga (genitive singular)
-logów (genitive plural)
-logowi (dative singular)
-logom (dative plural)
-loga (accusative singular)
-logów (accusative plural)
-logiem (instrumental singular)
-logami (instrumental plural)
-logu (locative singular)
-logach (locative plural)
-logu (singular vocative)
-lodzy (plural vocative)
-logowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin -logus, from Ancient Greek -λόγος (-lógos).

-log → biolog


-ia

-ia (nominative singular)
-ie (nominative plural)
-ii (genitive singular)
-ii (genitive plural)
-ij (archaic genitive plural)
-ii (dative singular)
-iom (dative plural)
-ię (accusative singular)
-ie (accusative plural)
-ią (instrumental singular)
-iami (instrumental plural)
-ii (locative singular)
-iach (locative plural)
-io (singular vocative)
-ie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin -ia and/or Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā). Doublet of -a.

akuszer + -ia → akuszeria


-anin

-anka (feminine)
-anin (nominative singular)
-anie (nominative plural)
-anina (genitive singular)
-an (genitive plural)
-aninowi (dative singular)
-anom (dative plural)
-anina (accusative singular)
-an (accusative plural)
-aninem (instrumental singular)
-anami (instrumental plural)
-aninie (locative singular)
-anach (locative plural)
-aninie (singular vocative)
-anie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-aninъ, an alternative form of Proto-Slavic *-janinъ.

Rosja + -anin → Rosjanin


-inka

-inka (nominative singular)
-inki (nominative plural)
-inki (genitive singular)
-inek (genitive plural)
-ince (dative singular)
-inkom (dative plural)
-inkę (accusative singular)
-inki (accusative plural)
-inką (instrumental singular)
-inkami (instrumental plural)
-ince (locative singular)
-inkach (locative plural)
-inko (singular vocative)
-inki (plural vocative)

buława + -inka → buławinka


-ić

Inherited from Old Polish -ić, from Proto-Slavic *-iti.

powolny + -ić → spowolnić


-ara

-ara (nominative singular)
-ary (nominative plural)
-ary (genitive singular)
-ar (genitive plural)
-arze (dative singular)
-arom (dative plural)
-arę (accusative singular)
-ary (accusative plural)
-arą (instrumental singular)
-arami (instrumental plural)
-arze (locative singular)
-arach (locative plural)
-aro (singular vocative)
-ary (plural vocative)

typ + -ara → typiara

gówniarz + -ara → gówniara

jesień + -ara → jesieniara

appended to form feminine nouns, often used in slang


-enka

-enka (nominative singular)
-enki (nominative plural)
-enki (genitive singular)
-enek (genitive plural)
-ence (dative singular)
-enkom (dative plural)
-enkę (accusative singular)
-enki (accusative plural)
-enką (instrumental singular)
-enkami (instrumental plural)
-ence (locative singular)
-enkach (locative plural)
-enko (singular vocative)
-enki (plural vocative)

trumna + -enka → trumienka


-ika

-ika (nominative singular)
-iki (genitive singular)
-ice (dative singular)
-ikę (accusative singular)
-iką (instrumental singular)
-ice (locative singular)
-iko (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ική (-ikḗ). Doublet of -ca and -yka.

-ics, typically causing antepenultimate stress, or pentulimate stress colloquially


-ica

-ica (nominative singular)
-ice (nominative plural)
-icy (genitive singular)
-ic (genitive plural)
-icy (dative singular)
-icom (dative plural)
-icę (accusative singular)
-ice (accusative plural)
-icą (instrumental singular)
-icami (instrumental plural)
-icy (locative singular)
-icach (locative plural)
-ico (singular vocative)
-ice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ica, from Proto-Slavic *-ica.

lewo + -ica → lewica

forms feminine nouns, especially pejoratives and augmentatives


-ce

-ec (masculine)
-ca (feminine)
-ce (nominative singular)
-ca (nominative plural)
-ca (genitive singular)
-c (genitive plural)
-cu (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-ce (accusative singular)
-ca (accusative plural)
-cem (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cu (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-ce (singular vocative)
-ca (plural vocative)

miasto + -ce → miejsce

śród + -ce → serce

Proto-Slavic *sъlnь + -ce → słońce


-nik

-nik (nominative singular)
-nicy (nominative plural)
-niki (derogatory nominative plural)
-nika (genitive singular)
-ników (genitive plural)
-nikowi (dative singular)
-nikom (dative plural)
-nika (accusative singular)
-ników (accusative plural)
-nikiem (instrumental singular)
-nikami (instrumental plural)
-niku (locative singular)
-nikach (locative plural)
-niku (singular vocative)
-nicy (plural vocative)
-nik (nominative singular)
-niki (nominative plural)
-nika (genitive singular)
-ników (genitive plural)
-nikowi (dative singular)
-nikom (dative plural)
-nika (accusative singular)
-niki (accusative plural)
-nikiem (instrumental singular)
-nikami (instrumental plural)
-niku (locative singular)
-nikach (locative plural)
-niku (singular vocative)
-niki (plural vocative)

rola + -nik → rolnik

forms masculine nouns referring to a performer of some action, sometimes a device; -er


-ba

-ba (nominative singular)
-by (nominative plural)
-by (genitive singular)
-b (genitive plural)
-bie (dative singular)
-bom (dative plural)
-bę (accusative singular)
-by (accusative plural)
-bą (instrumental singular)
-bami (instrumental plural)
-bie (locative singular)
-bach (locative plural)
-bo (singular vocative)
-by (plural vocative)

służyć + -ba → służba

(not productive) forms feminine nouns meaning the action of a verb


-ura

-ura (nominative singular)
-ury (nominative plural)
-ury (genitive singular)
-ur (genitive plural)
-urze (dative singular)
-urom (dative plural)
-urę (accusative singular)
-ury (accusative plural)
-urą (instrumental singular)
-urami (instrumental plural)
-urze (locative singular)
-urach (locative plural)
-uro (singular vocative)
-ury (plural vocative)

bździć + -ura → bzdura

administrator + -ura → administratura

forms feminine nouns, often related to offices


-ca

-ca (nominative singular)
-cy (nominative plural)
-ce (derogatory nominative plural)
-cy (genitive singular)
-ców (genitive plural)
-cy (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-cę (accusative singular)
-ców (accusative plural)
-cą (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cy (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-co (singular vocative)
-cy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ca, from Proto-Slavic *-ьca. Doublet of -ika and -yka.

dawać + -ca → dawca


-ca

-ec (masculine)
-ce (neuter)
-ca (nominative singular)
-ce (nominative plural)
-cy (genitive singular)
-c (genitive plural)
-cy (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-cę (accusative singular)
-ce (accusative plural)
-cą (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cy (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-co (singular vocative)
-ce (plural vocative)

Proto-Slavic *ovь + -ca → owca


-ak

-ak (nominative singular)
-acy (nominative plural)
-aki (derogatory nominative plural)
-aka (genitive singular)
-aków (genitive plural)
-akowi (dative singular)
-akom (dative plural)
-aka (accusative singular)
-aków (accusative plural)
-akiem (instrumental singular)
-akami (instrumental plural)
-aku (locative singular)
-akach (locative plural)
-aku (singular vocative)
-acy (plural vocative)
-ak (nominative singular)
-aki (nominative plural)
-aka (genitive singular)
-aków (genitive plural)
-akowi (dative singular)
-akom (dative plural)
-aka (accusative singular)
-aki (accusative plural)
-akiem (instrumental singular)
-akami (instrumental plural)
-aku (locative singular)
-akach (locative plural)
-aku (singular vocative)
-aki (plural vocative)
-ak (nominative singular)
-aki (nominative plural)
-aka (genitive singular)
-aków (genitive plural)
-akowi (dative singular)
-akom (dative plural)
-ak (accusative singular)
-aki (accusative plural)
-akiem (instrumental singular)
-akami (instrumental plural)
-aku (locative singular)
-akach (locative plural)
-aku (singular vocative)
-aki (plural vocative)

Warszawa + -ak → warszawiak

Kraków + -ak → krakowiak

Poznań + -ak → poznaniak

spacer + -ak → spacerniak

miedź + -ak → miedziak

buzia + -ak → buziak

prosty + -ak → prostak

pić + -ak → pijak

used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial

szczypiorek + -ak → szczypiorniak

Kujawy + -ak → kujawiak

Kraków + -ak → krakowiak

gęś + -ak → gęsiak

kaczka + -ak → kaczak


-ik

-ik (nominative singular)
-icy (nominative plural)
-iki (derogatory nominative plural)
-ika (genitive singular)
-ików (genitive plural)
-ikowi (dative singular)
-ikom (dative plural)
-ika (accusative singular)
-ików (accusative plural)
-ikiem (instrumental singular)
-ikami (instrumental plural)
-iku (locative singular)
-ikach (locative plural)
-iku (singular vocative)
-icy (plural vocative)
-ik (nominative singular)
-iki (nominative plural)
-ika (genitive singular)
-ików (genitive plural)
-ikowi (dative singular)
-ikom (dative plural)
-ik (accusative singular)
-iki (accusative plural)
-ikiem (instrumental singular)
-ikami (instrumental plural)
-iku (locative singular)
-ikach (locative plural)
-iku (singular vocative)
-iki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

słodki + -ik → słodzik


-ok

-ok (nominative singular)
-oki (nominative plural)
-oka (genitive singular)
-oków (genitive plural)
-okowi (dative singular)
-okom (dative plural)
-ok (accusative singular)
-oki (accusative plural)
-okiem (instrumental singular)
-okami (instrumental plural)
-oku (locative singular)
-okach (locative plural)
-oku (singular vocative)
-oki (plural vocative)
-ok (nominative singular)
-oki (nominative plural)
-oka (genitive singular)
-oków (genitive plural)
-okowi (dative singular)
-okom (dative plural)
-oka (accusative singular)
-oki (accusative plural)
-okiem (instrumental singular)
-okami (instrumental plural)
-oku (locative singular)
-okach (locative plural)
-oku (singular vocative)
-oki (plural vocative)

jabłko + -ok → jabcok

forms masculine nouns, sometimes with a derogatory connotation


-ek

-ek (nominative singular)
-kowie (nominative plural)
-ki (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-ków (genitive plural)
-kowi (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-ka (accusative singular)
-ków (accusative plural)
-kiem (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ku (singular vocative)
-kowie (plural vocative)
-ki (plural vocative)
-ek (nominative singular)
-ki (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-ków (genitive plural)
-kowi (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-ka (accusative singular)
-ki (accusative plural)
-kiem (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ku (singular vocative)
-ki (plural vocative)
-ek (nominative singular)
-ki (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-ku (genitive singular)
-ków (genitive plural)
-kowi (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-ek (accusative singular)
-ki (accusative plural)
-kiem (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ku (singular vocative)
-ki (plural vocative)

dół + -ek → dołek

Jarosław + -ek → Jarek


-aza

-aza (nominative singular)
-azy (nominative plural)
-azy (genitive singular)
-az (genitive plural)
-azie (dative singular)
-azom (dative plural)
-azę (accusative singular)
-azy (accusative plural)
-azą (instrumental singular)
-azami (instrumental plural)
-azie (locative singular)
-azach (locative plural)
-azo (singular vocative)
-azy (plural vocative)

amyl + -aza → amylaza


-it

-it (nominative singular)
-ity (nominative plural)
-itu (genitive singular)
-itów (genitive plural)
-itowi (dative singular)
-itom (dative plural)
-it (accusative singular)
-ity (accusative plural)
-item (instrumental singular)
-itami (instrumental plural)
-icie (locative singular)
-itach (locative plural)
-icie (singular vocative)
-ity (plural vocative)

antymon + -it → antymonit

-ite, used to form nouns denoting rocks or minerals

(inorganic chemistry) -ite, used to form names of certain chemical compounds


-ci

(Middle Polish, not productive) Alternative form of -ć


-ula

-ula (nominative singular)
-ule (nominative plural)
-uli (genitive singular)
-ul (genitive plural)
-uli (dative singular)
-ulom (dative plural)
-ulę (accusative singular)
-ule (accusative plural)
-ulą (instrumental singular)
-ulami (instrumental plural)
-uli (locative singular)
-ulach (locative plural)
-ulo (singular vocative)
-ule (plural vocative)

baba + -ula → babula


-at

-at (nominative singular)
-aty (nominative plural)
-atu (genitive singular)
-atów (genitive plural)
-atowi (dative singular)
-atom (dative plural)
-at (accusative singular)
-aty (accusative plural)
-atem (instrumental singular)
-atami (instrumental plural)
-acie (locative singular)
-atach (locative plural)
-acie (singular vocative)
-aty (plural vocative)
-at (nominative singular)
-aci (nominative plural)
-aty (derogatory nominative plural)
-ata (genitive singular)
-atów (genitive plural)
-atowi (dative singular)
-atom (dative plural)
-ata (accusative singular)
-atów (accusative plural)
-atem (instrumental singular)
-atami (instrumental plural)
-acie (locative singular)
-atach (locative plural)
-acie (singular vocative)
-aci (plural vocative)

anonim + -at → anonimat


-mo

-mo (nominative singular)
-ma (nominative plural)
-ma (genitive singular)
-em (genitive plural)
-mu (dative singular)
-mom (dative plural)
-mo (accusative singular)
-ma (accusative plural)
-mem (instrumental singular)
-mami (instrumental plural)
-mie (locative singular)
-mach (locative plural)
-mo (singular vocative)
-ma (plural vocative)

pisać + -mo → pismo


-m

From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

robić + -m → robiłem

oglądać + -m → oglądałem


-m

Inherited from Old Polish -m, from Proto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?].

oglądać + -m → oglądam


-ty

-ty (masculine nominative singular)
-ta (feminine nominative singular)
-te (neuter nominative singular)
-ci (nominative plural virile)
-te (nominative plural)
-tego (genitive masculine singular)
-tej (feminine genitive singular)
-tego (genitive neuter singular)
-tych (genitive plural)
-tych (genitive plural virile)
-temu (dative masculine singular)
-tej (dative feminine singular)
-temu (dative neuter singular)
-tym (dative plural)
-tym (dative plural virile)
-tego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ty (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-tą (accusative feminine singular)
-te (accusative neuter singular)
-tych (accusative plural virile)
-te (accusative plural)
-tym (instrumental masculine singular)
-tą (feminine instrumental singular)
-tym (instrumental neuter singular)
-tymi (instrumental plural)
-tymi (instrumental plural virile)
-tym (locative masculine singular)
-tej (feminine locative singular)
-tym (locative neuter singular)
-tych (locative plural)
-tych (locative plural virile)

bić + -ty → bity

szyć + -ty → szyty

czuć + -ty → czuty

zgiąć + -ty → zgięty

zamknąć + -ty → zamknięty

forms passive participles of simple -i, -y, -u or -ą stems (or verbs with the suffix -nąć) and causes apophony of ą->ę


-logia

-logia (nominative singular)
-logii (genitive singular)
-logii (dative singular)
-logię (accusative singular)
-logią (instrumental singular)
-logii (locative singular)
-logio (singular vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).

der+

radio + -logia → radiologia


-patia

-patia (nominative singular)
-patie (nominative plural)
-patii (genitive singular)
-patii (genitive plural)
-patyj (archaic genitive plural)
-patii (dative singular)
-patiom (dative plural)
-patię (accusative singular)
-patie (accusative plural)
-patią (instrumental singular)
-patiami (instrumental plural)
-patii (locative singular)
-patiach (locative plural)
-patio (singular vocative)
-patie (plural vocative)

allel + -patia → allelopatia


-emia

-emia (nominative singular)
-emie (nominative plural)
-emii (genitive singular)
-emii (genitive plural)
-emij (archaic genitive plural)
-emii (dative singular)
-emiom (dative plural)
-emię (accusative singular)
-emie (accusative plural)
-emią (instrumental singular)
-emiami (instrumental plural)
-emii (locative singular)
-emiach (locative plural)
-emio (singular vocative)
-emie (plural vocative)

an- + -emia → anemia


-uk

-uk (canonical masculine person)
m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
-uk (nominative singular)
-uki (nominative plural)
-uku (genitive singular)
-uków (genitive plural)
-ukowi (dative singular)
-ukom (dative plural)
-uk (accusative singular)
-uki (accusative plural)
-ukiem (instrumental singular)
-ukami (instrumental plural)
-uku (locative singular)
-ukach (locative plural)
-uku (singular vocative)
-uki (plural vocative)
-uk (nominative singular)
-uki (nominative plural)
-uka (genitive singular)
-uków (genitive plural)
-ukowi (dative singular)
-ukom (dative plural)
-uka (accusative singular)
-uki (accusative plural)
-ukiem (instrumental singular)
-ukami (instrumental plural)
-uku (locative singular)
-ukach (locative plural)
-uku (singular vocative)
-uki (plural vocative)
-uk (nominative singular)
-ucy (nominative plural)
-uki (derogatory nominative plural)
-uka (genitive singular)
-uków (genitive plural)
-ukowi (dative singular)
-ukom (dative plural)
-uka (accusative singular)
-uków (accusative plural)
-ukiem (instrumental singular)
-ukami (instrumental plural)
-uku (locative singular)
-ukach (locative plural)
-uku (singular vocative)
-ucy (plural vocative)

Andrzejek + -uk → Andrzejczuk

Wilno + -uk → wilniuk

(now Suwałki, Eastern Lublin, Northern Borderlands, Southern Borderlands) Forms nouns, especially surnames

Eastern Lublin; Northern Borderlands; Southern Borderlands; Eastern Lublin; Northern Borderlands; Southern Borderlands


-isko

-isko (nominative singular)
-iska (nominative plural)
-iska (genitive singular)
-isek (genitive plural)
-isku (dative singular)
-iskom (dative plural)
-isko (accusative singular)
-iska (accusative plural)
-iskiem (instrumental singular)
-iskami (instrumental plural)
-isku (locative singular)
-iskach (locative plural)
-isko (singular vocative)
-iska (plural vocative)

pies + -isko → psisko

bój + -isko → boisko

ogień + -isko → ognisko


-ot

-ot (nominative singular)
-oty (nominative plural)
-otu (genitive singular)
-otów (genitive plural)
-otowi (dative singular)
-otom (dative plural)
-ot (accusative singular)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otem (instrumental singular)
-otami (instrumental plural)
-ocie (locative singular)
-otach (locative plural)
-ocie (singular vocative)
-oty (plural vocative)

stukać + -ot → stukot


-filia

-filia (nominative singular)
-filie (nominative plural)
-filii (genitive singular)
-filii (genitive plural)
-filij (archaic genitive plural)
-filii (dative singular)
-filiom (dative plural)
-filię (accusative singular)
-filie (accusative plural)
-filią (instrumental singular)
-filiami (instrumental plural)
-filii (locative singular)
-filiach (locative plural)
-filio (singular vocative)
-filie (plural vocative)

kseno- + -filia → ksenofilia


-nomia

-nomia (nominative singular)
-nomii (genitive singular)
-nomii (dative singular)
-nomię (accusative singular)
-nomią (instrumental singular)
-nomii (locative singular)
-nomio (singular vocative)

ergo- + -nomia → ergonomia


-fobia

-fobia (nominative singular)
-fobii (genitive singular)
-fobii (dative singular)
-fobię (accusative singular)
-fobią (instrumental singular)
-fobii (locative singular)
-fobio (singular vocative)

andro- + -fobia → androfobia


-uria

-uria (nominative singular)
-urii (genitive singular)
-urii (dative singular)
-urię (accusative singular)
-urią (instrumental singular)
-urii (locative singular)
-urio (singular vocative)

an- + -uria → anuria


-lalia

-lalia (nominative singular)
-lalii (genitive singular)
-lalii (dative singular)
-lalię (accusative singular)
-lalią (instrumental singular)
-lalii (locative singular)
-lalio (singular vocative)

a- + -lalia → alalia


-gamia

-gamia (nominative singular)
-gamie (nominative plural)
-gamii (genitive singular)
-gamii (genitive plural)
-gamij (archaic genitive plural)
-gamii (dative singular)
-gamiom (dative plural)
-gamię (accusative singular)
-gamie (accusative plural)
-gamią (instrumental singular)
-gamiami (instrumental plural)
-gamii (locative singular)
-gamiach (locative plural)
-gamio (singular vocative)
-gamie (plural vocative)

anemo- + -gamia → anemogamia


-metria

-metria (nominative singular)
-metrie (nominative plural)
-metrii (genitive singular)
-metrii (genitive plural)
-metryj (archaic genitive plural)
-metrii (dative singular)
-metriom (dative plural)
-metrię (accusative singular)
-metrie (accusative plural)
-metrią (instrumental singular)
-metriami (instrumental plural)
-metrii (locative singular)
-metriach (locative plural)
-metrio (singular vocative)
-metrie (plural vocative)

aktyno- + -metria → aktynometria


-ony

-ony (masculine nominative singular)
-ona (feminine nominative singular)
-one (neuter nominative singular)
-eni (nominative plural virile)
-one (nominative plural)
-onego (genitive masculine singular)
-onej (feminine genitive singular)
-onego (genitive neuter singular)
-onych (genitive plural)
-onych (genitive plural virile)
-onemu (dative masculine singular)
-onej (dative feminine singular)
-onemu (dative neuter singular)
-onym (dative plural)
-onym (dative plural virile)
-onego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ony (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-oną (accusative feminine singular)
-one (accusative neuter singular)
-onych (accusative plural virile)
-one (accusative plural)
-onym (instrumental masculine singular)
-oną (feminine instrumental singular)
-onym (instrumental neuter singular)
-onymi (instrumental plural)
-onymi (instrumental plural virile)
-onym (locative masculine singular)
-onej (feminine locative singular)
-onym (locative neuter singular)
-onych (locative plural)
-onych (locative plural virile)

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-onъ
Old Polish -ony
Polish -ony
Inherited from Old Polish -ony.

etymon

zaginąć + -ony → zaginiony

forms masculine adjectives or adjectival participles


-fagia

-fagia (nominative singular)
-fagii (genitive singular)
-fagii (dative singular)
-fagię (accusative singular)
-fagią (instrumental singular)
-fagii (locative singular)
-fagio (singular vocative)

antropo- + -fagia → antropofagia


-ska

→ English: -ska

desc

after <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">-л-</i> (-l-)

⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)

Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.


-ska

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).


-grafia

-grafia (nominative singular)
-grafie (nominative plural)
-grafii (genitive singular)
-grafii (genitive plural)
-grafij (archaic genitive plural)
-grafii (dative singular)
-grafiom (dative plural)
-grafię (accusative singular)
-grafie (accusative plural)
-grafią (instrumental singular)
-grafiami (instrumental plural)
-grafii (locative singular)
-grafiach (locative plural)
-grafio (singular vocative)
-grafie (plural vocative)

krypto- + -grafia → kryptografia


-eria

-eria (nominative singular)
-erie (nominative plural)
-erii (genitive singular)
-erii (genitive plural)
-eryj (archaic genitive plural)
-erii (dative singular)
-eriom (dative plural)
-erię (accusative singular)
-erie (accusative plural)
-erią (instrumental singular)
-eriami (instrumental plural)
-erii (locative singular)
-eriach (locative plural)
-erio (singular vocative)
-erie (plural vocative)

Janusz + -eria → januszeria

-ery, Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "a class, group, or collection of."

Janusz + -eria → januszeria

-ery, added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "behavior characteristic of."


-cefalia

-cefalia (nominative singular)
-cefalii (genitive singular)
-cefalii (dative singular)
-cefalię (accusative singular)
-cefalią (instrumental singular)
-cefalii (locative singular)
-cefalio (singular vocative)

hydro- + -cefalia → hydrocefalia


-fonia

-fonia (nominative singular)
-fonie (nominative plural)
-fonii (genitive singular)
-fonii (genitive plural)
-fonij (archaic genitive plural)
-fonii (dative singular)
-foniom (dative plural)
-fonię (accusative singular)
-fonie (accusative plural)
-fonią (instrumental singular)
-foniami (instrumental plural)
-fonii (locative singular)
-foniach (locative plural)
-fonio (singular vocative)
-fonie (plural vocative)

a- + -fonia → afonia


-ich

-ich (nominative singular)
-ichowie (nominative plural)
-ichy (derogatory nominative plural)
-icha (genitive singular)
-ichów (genitive plural)
-ichowi (dative singular)
-ichom (dative plural)
-icha (accusative singular)
-ichów (accusative plural)
-ichem (instrumental singular)
-ichami (instrumental plural)
-ichu (locative singular)
-ichach (locative plural)
-ichu (singular vocative)
-ichowie (plural vocative)

żenić + -ich → żenich

budzić + -ich → Budzich


-ej

-ej (nominative singular)
-eje (nominative plural)
-eju (genitive singular)
-ejów (genitive plural)
-ei (genitive plural)
-ejowi (dative singular)
-ejom (dative plural)
-ej (accusative singular)
-eje (accusative plural)
-ejem (instrumental singular)
-ejami (instrumental plural)
-eju (locative singular)
-ejach (locative plural)
-eju (singular vocative)
-eje (plural vocative)

szaleć + -ej → szalej


-tomia

-tomia (nominative singular)
-tomie (nominative plural)
-tomii (genitive singular)
-tomii (genitive plural)
-tomij (archaic genitive plural)
-tomii (dative singular)
-tomiom (dative plural)
-tomię (accusative singular)
-tomie (accusative plural)
-tomią (instrumental singular)
-tomiami (instrumental plural)
-tomii (locative singular)
-tomiach (locative plural)
-tomio (singular vocative)
-tomie (plural vocative)

gastro- + -tomia → gastrotomia


-ada

-ada (nominative singular)
-ady (nominative plural)
-ady (genitive singular)
-ad (genitive plural)
-adzie (dative singular)
-adom (dative plural)
-adę (accusative singular)
-ady (accusative plural)
-adą (instrumental singular)
-adami (instrumental plural)
-adzie (locative singular)
-adach (locative plural)
-ado (singular vocative)
-ady (plural vocative)

błazen + -ada → błazenada

-ade, used to form nouns denoting action, or a person performing said action


-pata

-pata (nominative singular)
-paci (nominative plural)
-paty (derogatory nominative plural)
-paty (genitive singular)
-patów (genitive plural)
-pacie (dative singular)
-patom (dative plural)
-patę (accusative singular)
-patów (accusative plural)
-patą (instrumental singular)
-patami (instrumental plural)
-pacie (locative singular)
-patach (locative plural)
-pato (singular vocative)
-paci (plural vocative)

alo- + -pata → alopata

meteoro- + -pata → meteoropata

-path, denoting someone suffering from something


-termia

-termia (nominative singular)
-termie (nominative plural)
-termii (genitive singular)
-termii (genitive plural)
-termij (archaic genitive plural)
-termii (dative singular)
-termiom (dative plural)
-termię (accusative singular)
-termie (accusative plural)
-termią (instrumental singular)
-termiami (instrumental plural)
-termii (locative singular)
-termiach (locative plural)
-termio (singular vocative)
-termie (plural vocative)

aluminium + -termia → aluminotermia


-mer

-mer (nominative singular)
-mery (nominative plural)
-meru (genitive singular)
-merów (genitive plural)
-merowi (dative singular)
-merom (dative plural)
-mer (accusative singular)
-mery (accusative plural)
-merem (instrumental singular)
-merami (instrumental plural)
-merze (locative singular)
-merach (locative plural)
-merze (singular vocative)
-mery (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros).

der+

blasto- + -mer → blastomer

poli- + -mer → polimer


-trofia

-trofia (nominative singular)
-trofie (nominative plural)
-trofii (genitive singular)
-trofii (genitive plural)
-trofij (archaic genitive plural)
-trofii (dative singular)
-trofiom (dative plural)
-trofię (accusative singular)
-trofie (accusative plural)
-trofią (instrumental singular)
-trofiami (instrumental plural)
-trofii (locative singular)
-trofiach (locative plural)
-trofio (singular vocative)
-trofie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ).

lbor

a- + -trofia → atrofia


-tropia

-tropia (nominative singular)
-tropie (nominative plural)
-tropii (genitive singular)
-tropii (genitive plural)
-tropij (archaic genitive plural)
-tropii (dative singular)
-tropiom (dative plural)
-tropię (accusative singular)
-tropie (accusative plural)
-tropią (instrumental singular)
-tropiami (instrumental plural)
-tropii (locative singular)
-tropiach (locative plural)
-tropio (singular vocative)
-tropie (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

τρόπος (trópos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)

alo- + -tropia → alotropia

-tropy, as relating to turning, affecting, change, response, movement


-typia

-typia (nominative singular)
-typii (genitive singular)
-typii (dative singular)
-typię (accusative singular)
-typią (instrumental singular)
-typii (locative singular)
-typio (singular vocative)

foto- + -typia → fototypia

a- + -typia → atypia


-nia

-nia (nominative singular)
-nie (nominative plural)
-nii (genitive singular)
-nii (genitive plural)
-nij (archaic genitive plural)
-nii (dative singular)
-niom (dative plural)
-nię (accusative singular)
-nie (accusative plural)
-nią (instrumental singular)
-niami (instrumental plural)
-nii (locative singular)
-niach (locative plural)
-nio (singular vocative)
-nie (plural vocative)

głos + -nia → głośnia

forms feminine nouns, often but not always denoting places


-ur

-ur m pers or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
-ur (nominative singular)
-ury (nominative plural)
-ura (genitive singular)
-urów (genitive plural)
-urowi (dative singular)
-urom (dative plural)
-ura (accusative singular)
-ury (accusative plural)
-urem (instrumental singular)
-urami (instrumental plural)
-urze (locative singular)
-urach (locative plural)
-urze (singular vocative)
-ury (plural vocative)
-ur (nominative singular)
-urzy (nominative plural)
-ury (derogatory nominative plural)
-ura (genitive singular)
-urów (genitive plural)
-urowi (dative singular)
-urom (dative plural)
-ura (accusative singular)
-urów (accusative plural)
-urem (instrumental singular)
-urami (instrumental plural)
-urze (locative singular)
-urach (locative plural)
-urze (singular vocative)
-urzy (plural vocative)

wilczy + -ur → wilczur


-enie

-enie (nominative singular)
-enia (nominative plural)
-enia (genitive singular)
-eń (genitive plural)
-eniu (dative singular)
-eniom (dative plural)
-enie (accusative singular)
-enia (accusative plural)
-eniem (instrumental singular)
-eniami (instrumental plural)
-eniu (locative singular)
-eniach (locative plural)
-enie (singular vocative)
-enia (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -enie, from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

wybawić + -enie → wybawienie

forms gerunds, usually from verbs ending with -ić


-oza

Derived from Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis). Doublet of -ość.

der+

agranulocyt + -oza → agranulocytoza

forms feminine noun meaning -osis, diseasing suffix


-oza

-oza (nominative singular)
-ozy (nominative plural)
-ozy (genitive singular)
-oz (genitive plural)
-ozie (dative singular)
-ozom (dative plural)
-ozę (accusative singular)
-ozy (accusative plural)
-ozą (instrumental singular)
-ozami (instrumental plural)
-ozie (locative singular)
-ozach (locative plural)
-ozo (singular vocative)
-ozy (plural vocative)

-oza → glukoza

forms feminine noun meaning -ose, sugar suffix


-óg

(no longer productive) denominal, forming attributive nouns

ostry (“sharp”) → ostróg (“spike”)

(no longer productive) deadjectival, forming attributive nouns


-ec

-ca (feminine)
-ce (neuter)
-ec (nominative singular)
-cy (nominative plural)
-ca (genitive singular)
-ców (genitive plural)
-cowi (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-ca (accusative singular)
-ców (accusative plural)
-cem (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cu (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-cu (singular vocative)
-cy (plural vocative)
-ec (nominative singular)
-ce (nominative plural)
-ca (genitive singular)
-ców (genitive plural)
-cowi (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-ca (accusative singular)
-ce (accusative plural)
-cem (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cu (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-cu (singular vocative)
-ce (plural vocative)
-ec (nominative singular)
-ce (nominative plural)
-cu (genitive singular)
-ców (genitive plural)
-cowi (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-ec (accusative singular)
-ce (accusative plural)
-cem (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cu (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-cu (singular vocative)
-ce (plural vocative)
-ec (nominative singular)
-cowie (nominative plural)
-ca (genitive singular)
-ców (genitive plural)
-cowi (dative singular)
-com (dative plural)
-ca (accusative singular)
-ców (accusative plural)
-cem (instrumental singular)
-cami (instrumental plural)
-cu (locative singular)
-cach (locative plural)
-cu (singular vocative)
-cowie (plural vocative)

strzelić + -ec → strzelec


-graf

-graf (nominative singular)
-grafy (nominative plural)
-grafu (genitive singular)
-grafów (genitive plural)
-grafowi (dative singular)
-grafom (dative plural)
-graf (accusative singular)
-grafy (accusative plural)
-grafem (instrumental singular)
-grafami (instrumental plural)
-grafie (locative singular)
-grafach (locative plural)
-grafie (singular vocative)
-grafy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō).

lbor

aktyno- + -graf → aktynograf

biblio- + -graf → bibliograf


-wa

-wa (nominative singular)
-wy (nominative plural)
-wy (genitive singular)
-w (genitive plural)
-wie (dative singular)
-wom (dative plural)
-wę (accusative singular)
-wy (accusative plural)
-wą (instrumental singular)
-wami (instrumental plural)
-wie (locative singular)
-wach (locative plural)
-wo (singular vocative)
-wy (plural vocative)

prukać + -wa → prukwa


-som

-som (nominative singular)
-somy (nominative plural)
-somu (genitive singular)
-somów (genitive plural)
-somowi (dative singular)
-somom (dative plural)
-som (accusative singular)
-somy (accusative plural)
-somem (instrumental singular)
-somami (instrumental plural)
-somie (locative singular)
-somach (locative plural)
-somie (singular vocative)
-somy (plural vocative)

alo- + -som → alosom


-oba

-oba (nominative singular)
-oby (nominative plural)
-oby (genitive singular)
-ob (genitive plural)
-obie (dative singular)
-obom (dative plural)
-obę (accusative singular)
-oby (accusative plural)
-obą (instrumental singular)
-obami (instrumental plural)
-obie (locative singular)
-obach (locative plural)
-obo (singular vocative)
-oby (plural vocative)

chory + -oba → choroba


-nica

-nica (nominative singular)
-nice (nominative plural)
-nicy (genitive singular)
-nic (genitive plural)
-nicy (dative singular)
-nicom (dative plural)
-nicę (accusative singular)
-nice (accusative plural)
-nicą (instrumental singular)
-nicami (instrumental plural)
-nicy (locative singular)
-nicach (locative plural)
-nico (singular vocative)
-nice (plural vocative)

pracownik + -nica → pracownica

uczeń + -nica → uczennica

mydło + -nica → mydlnica


-skopia

-skopia (nominative singular)
-skopie (nominative plural)
-skopii (genitive singular)
-skopii (genitive plural)
-skopij (archaic genitive plural)
-skopii (dative singular)
-skopiom (dative plural)
-skopię (accusative singular)
-skopie (accusative plural)
-skopią (instrumental singular)
-skopiami (instrumental plural)
-skopii (locative singular)
-skopiach (locative plural)
-skopio (singular vocative)
-skopie (plural vocative)

geo- + -skopia → geoskopia


-ście

Derived from Old Polish jeście, from Proto-Slavic *este.


-śmy

Derived from Old Polish jesmy, from Proto-Slavic *esmъ.


-ś

Alternative form: -iś

Jan + -ś → Jaś

Krzysztof + -ś → Krzyś

Adam + -ś → Adaś

forms diminutives, particularly of names


-ś

Derived from Old Polish jeś, from Proto-Slavic *esi.


-ucha

polatać + -ucha → polatucha

forms nouns, usually augmentative in nature; may be of either gender, though typically feminine


-morfa

-morfa (nominative singular)
-morfy (nominative plural)
-morfy (genitive singular)
-morf (genitive plural)
-morfie (dative singular)
-morfom (dative plural)
-morfę (accusative singular)
-morfy (accusative plural)
-morfą (instrumental singular)
-morfami (instrumental plural)
-morfie (locative singular)
-morfach (locative plural)
-morfo (singular vocative)
-morfy (plural vocative)

izo- + -morfa → izomorfa


-morf

-morf (nominative singular)
-morfy (nominative plural)
-morfu (genitive singular)
-morfów (genitive plural)
-morfowi (dative singular)
-morfom (dative plural)
-morf (accusative singular)
-morfy (accusative plural)
-morfem (instrumental singular)
-morfami (instrumental plural)
-morfie (locative singular)
-morfach (locative plural)
-morfie (singular vocative)
-morfy (plural vocative)

allel + -morf → allelomorf


-ida

-ida (nominative singular)
-idy (nominative plural)
-idy (genitive singular)
-id (genitive plural)
-idzie (dative singular)
-idom (dative plural)
-idę (accusative singular)
-idy (accusative plural)
-idą (instrumental singular)
-idami (instrumental plural)
-idzie (locative singular)
-idach (locative plural)
-ido (singular vocative)
-idy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).

geo- + -ida → geoida


-izna

-izna (nominative singular)
-izny (nominative plural)
-izny (genitive singular)
-izn (genitive plural)
-iźnie (dative singular)
-iznom (dative plural)
-iznę (accusative singular)
-izny (accusative plural)
-izną (instrumental singular)
-iznami (instrumental plural)
-iźnie (locative singular)
-iznach (locative plural)
-izno (singular vocative)
-izny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -izna, from Proto-Slavic *-izna.

płytki + -izna → płycizna

appended to a noun, verb, or adjective to form a noun indicating a possession, state of being, or abstract quality, -ana


-mierz

-mierz (nominative singular)
-mierze (nominative plural)
-mierza (genitive singular)
-mierzy (genitive plural)
-mierzowi (dative singular)
-mierzom (dative plural)
-mierz (accusative singular)
-mierze (accusative plural)
-mierzem (instrumental singular)
-mierzami (instrumental plural)
-mierzu (locative singular)
-mierzach (locative plural)
-mierzu (singular vocative)
-mierze (plural vocative)

deszcz + -mierz → deszczomierz


-że

Stójże w miejscu!

A idźże w cholerę z tymi swoimi pomysłami.

intensifying or emphatic suffix, often appended to imperative verbs


-żerca

-żerca (nominative singular)
-żercy (nominative plural)
-żercy (genitive singular)
-żerców (genitive plural)
-żercy (dative singular)
-żercom (dative plural)
-żercę (accusative singular)
-żerców (accusative plural)
-żercą (instrumental singular)
-żercami (instrumental plural)
-żercy (locative singular)
-żercach (locative plural)
-żerco (singular vocative)
-żercy (plural vocative)

mięso + -żerca → mięsożerca


-ość

-ostka (diminutive)
-ość (nominative singular)
-ości (nominative plural)
-ości (genitive singular)
-ości (genitive plural)
-ości (dative singular)
-ościom (dative plural)
-ość (accusative singular)
-ości (accusative plural)
-ością (instrumental singular)
-ościami (instrumental plural)
-ości (locative singular)
-ościach (locative plural)
-ości (singular vocative)
-ości (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ość, from Proto-Slavic *-ostь. Doublet of -oza.

dostępny + -ość → dostępność

appended to adjectives to form names of abstract concepts, especially feelings; -ness, -hood


-arz

-arka (feminine)
-arz (nominative singular)
-arze (nominative plural)
-arza (genitive singular)
-arzy (genitive plural)
-arzów (genitive plural)
-arzowi (dative singular)
-arzom (dative plural)
-arza (accusative singular)
-arzy (accusative plural)
-arzów (accusative plural)
-arzem (instrumental singular)
-arzami (instrumental plural)
-arzu (locative singular)
-arzach (locative plural)
-arzu (singular vocative)
-arze (plural vocative)
-arz (nominative singular)
-arzowie (nominative plural)
-arza (genitive singular)
-arzów (genitive plural)
-arzowi (dative singular)
-arzom (dative plural)
-arza (accusative singular)
-arzów (accusative plural)
-arzem (instrumental singular)
-arzami (instrumental plural)
-arzu (locative singular)
-arzach (locative plural)
-arzu (singular vocative)
-arzowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -arz, from Proto-Slavic *-ařь, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -ariusz.

żagiel + -arz → żeglarz

appended to verbs or nouns to form names of professions or agents; -er


-owiec

-owiec (nominative singular)
-owcy (nominative plural)
-owce (derogatory nominative plural)
-owca (genitive singular)
-owców (genitive plural)
-owcowi (dative singular)
-owcom (dative plural)
-owca (accusative singular)
-owców (accusative plural)
-owcem (instrumental singular)
-owcami (instrumental plural)
-owcu (locative singular)
-owcach (locative plural)
-owcze (singular vocative)
-owcy (plural vocative)

sport + -owiec → sportowiec

(informal) appended to a name of a concept, person or organisation to form a name of a supporter or affiliate; -er


-owiec

-owiec (nominative singular)
-owce (nominative plural)
-owca (genitive singular)
-owców (genitive plural)
-owcowi (dative singular)
-owcom (dative plural)
-owca (accusative singular)
-owce (accusative plural)
-owcem (instrumental singular)
-owcami (instrumental plural)
-owcu (locative singular)
-owcach (locative plural)
-owcu (singular vocative)
-owce (plural vocative)

figa + -owiec → figowiec

appended to some fruit or seed names to form a tree name


-owiec

-owiec (nominative singular)
-owce (nominative plural)
-owca (genitive singular)
-owców (genitive plural)
-owcowi (dative singular)
-owcom (dative plural)
-owiec (accusative singular)
-owce (accusative plural)
-owcem (instrumental singular)
-owcami (instrumental plural)
-owcu (locative singular)
-owcach (locative plural)
-owcu (singular vocative)
-owce (plural vocative)

lotnisko + -owiec → lotniskowiec

tank + -owiec → tankowiec

bomba + -owiec → bombowiec


-arnia

-arnia (nominative singular)
-arnie (nominative plural)
-arni (genitive singular)
-arni (genitive plural)
-arni (dative singular)
-arniom (dative plural)
-arnię (accusative singular)
-arnie (accusative plural)
-arnią (instrumental singular)
-arniami (instrumental plural)
-arni (locative singular)
-arniach (locative plural)
-arnio (singular vocative)
-arnie (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: ־אַרניע (-arnye)

lód + -arnia → lodziarnia

forms names of designated rooms or shops


-cja

-cja (nominative singular)
-cje (nominative plural)
-cji (genitive singular)
-cji (genitive plural)
-cyj (archaic genitive plural)
-cji (dative singular)
-cjom (dative plural)
-cję (accusative singular)
-cje (accusative plural)
-cją (instrumental singular)
-cjami (instrumental plural)
-cji (locative singular)
-cjach (locative plural)
-cjo (singular vocative)
-cje (plural vocative)

rekrutować + -cja → rekrutacja


-awy

-awy (masculine nominative singular)
-awa (feminine nominative singular)
-awe (neuter nominative singular)
-awi (nominative plural virile)
-awe (nominative plural)
-awego (genitive masculine singular)
-awej (feminine genitive singular)
-awego (genitive neuter singular)
-awych (genitive plural)
-awych (genitive plural virile)
-awemu (dative masculine singular)
-awej (dative feminine singular)
-awemu (dative neuter singular)
-awym (dative plural)
-awym (dative plural virile)
-awego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-awy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-awą (accusative feminine singular)
-awe (accusative neuter singular)
-awych (accusative plural virile)
-awe (accusative plural)
-awym (instrumental masculine singular)
-awą (feminine instrumental singular)
-awym (instrumental neuter singular)
-awymi (instrumental plural)
-awymi (instrumental plural virile)
-awym (locative masculine singular)
-awej (feminine locative singular)
-awym (locative neuter singular)
-awych (locative plural)
-awych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-avь. Cognates include Russian -авый (-avyj).

słony + -awy → słonawy

weakens an adjective to which it is appended; -ish

arsen + -awy → arsenawy


-aż

-aż (nominative singular)
-aże (nominative plural)
-ażu (genitive singular)
-aży (genitive plural)
-ażowi (dative singular)
-ażom (dative plural)
-aż (accusative singular)
-aże (accusative plural)
-ażem (instrumental singular)
-ażami (instrumental plural)
-ażu (locative singular)
-ażach (locative plural)
-ażu (singular vocative)
-aże (plural vocative)

sprzedać + -aż → sprzedaż


-izm

-izm (nominative singular)
-izmy (nominative plural)
-izmu (genitive singular)
-izmów (genitive plural)
-izmowi (dative singular)
-izmom (dative plural)
-izm (accusative singular)
-izmy (accusative plural)
-izmem (instrumental singular)
-izmami (instrumental plural)
-izmie (locative singular)
-izmach (locative plural)
-izmie (singular vocative)
-izmy (plural vocative)

rasa + -izm → rasizm


-yni

-yni (nominative singular)
-ynie (nominative plural)
-yni (genitive singular)
-yń (genitive plural)
-yni (dative singular)
-yniom (dative plural)
-ynię (accusative singular)
-ynie (accusative plural)
-ynią (instrumental singular)
-yniami (instrumental plural)
-yni (locative singular)
-yniach (locative plural)
-yni (singular vocative)
-ynie (plural vocative)

bóg + -yni → bogini

gospodzin + -yni → gospodyni

pracodawca + -yni → pracodawczyni

forms feminine nouns from masculine words


-ówka

-ówka (nominative singular)
-ówki (nominative plural)
-ówki (genitive singular)
-ówek (genitive plural)
-ówce (dative singular)
-ówkom (dative plural)
-ówkę (accusative singular)
-ówki (accusative plural)
-ówką (instrumental singular)
-ówkami (instrumental plural)
-ówce (locative singular)
-ówkach (locative plural)
-ówko (singular vocative)
-ówki (plural vocative)

karta pocztowa + -ówka → pocztówka

lampa żarowa + -ówka → żarówka

umowa śmieciowa + -ówka → śmieciówka

forms feminine nouns; often shortenings of feminine noun phrases

cytryna + -ówka → cytrynówka

malina + -ówka → malinówka

pigwa + -ówka → pigwówka

forms names of nalewka, usually strong spirits, from their flavor


-owy

-owy (masculine nominative singular)
-owa (feminine nominative singular)
-owe (neuter nominative singular)
-owi (nominative plural virile)
-owe (nominative plural)
-owego (genitive masculine singular)
-owej (feminine genitive singular)
-owego (genitive neuter singular)
-owych (genitive plural)
-owych (genitive plural virile)
-owemu (dative masculine singular)
-owej (dative feminine singular)
-owemu (dative neuter singular)
-owym (dative plural)
-owym (dative plural virile)
-owego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-owy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ową (accusative feminine singular)
-owe (accusative neuter singular)
-owych (accusative plural virile)
-owe (accusative plural)
-owym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ową (feminine instrumental singular)
-owym (instrumental neuter singular)
-owymi (instrumental plural)
-owymi (instrumental plural virile)
-owym (locative masculine singular)
-owej (feminine locative singular)
-owym (locative neuter singular)
-owych (locative plural)
-owych (locative plural virile)

appended to nouns to form adjectives; -y


-ący

-ący (masculine nominative singular)
-ąca (feminine nominative singular)
-ące (neuter nominative singular)
-ący (nominative plural virile)
-ące (nominative plural)
-ącego (genitive masculine singular)
-ącej (feminine genitive singular)
-ącego (genitive neuter singular)
-ących (genitive plural)
-ących (genitive plural virile)
-ącemu (dative masculine singular)
-ącej (dative feminine singular)
-ącemu (dative neuter singular)
-ącym (dative plural)
-ącym (dative plural virile)
-ącego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ący (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ącą (accusative feminine singular)
-ące (accusative neuter singular)
-ących (accusative plural virile)
-ące (accusative plural)
-ącym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ącą (feminine instrumental singular)
-ącym (instrumental neuter singular)
-ącymi (instrumental plural)
-ącymi (instrumental plural virile)
-ącym (locative masculine singular)
-ącej (feminine locative singular)
-ącym (locative neuter singular)
-ących (locative plural)
-ących (locative plural virile)

interesować + -ący → interesujący

appended to verbs to form the active adjectival participle; -ing


-dło

-dło (nominative singular)
-dła (nominative plural)
-dła (genitive singular)
-deł (genitive plural)
-dłu (dative singular)
-dłom (dative plural)
-dło (accusative singular)
-dła (accusative plural)
-dłem (instrumental singular)
-dłami (instrumental plural)
-dle (locative singular)
-dłach (locative plural)
-dło (singular vocative)
-dła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -dło, from Proto-Slavic *-dlo.

bawić + -dło → bawidło

jeść + -dło → jadło

appended to verbs to form nouns meaning: an object involved in performing the action. Comparable to the English -er


-unek

-unek (nominative singular)
-unki (nominative plural)
-unku (genitive singular)
-unków (genitive plural)
-unkowi (dative singular)
-unkom (dative plural)
-unek (accusative singular)
-unki (accusative plural)
-unkiem (instrumental singular)
-unkami (instrumental plural)
-unku (locative singular)
-unkach (locative plural)
-unku (singular vocative)
-unki (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: -у́нок (-únok)

Borrowed from German -ung (remodeled after the diminutive -ek).

substantive suffix used when rendering or borrowing German words which end in -ung into Polish, and by extension sometimes when forming nouns from native verbs


-ę

-ę (nominative singular)
-ęta (nominative plural)
-ęcia (genitive singular)
-ąt (genitive plural)
-ęciu (dative singular)
-ętom (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-ęta (accusative plural)
-ęciem (instrumental singular)
-ętami (instrumental plural)
-ęciu (locative singular)
-ętach (locative plural)
-ę (singular vocative)
-ęta (plural vocative)

bocian + -ę → bocianię

chłop + -ę → chłopię

forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or, more rarely, young people


-ę

Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class I#English

Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class II#English

forms first person singular of verbs not in Class I or Class II


-ę

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ. Cognate with Latin -am.

forms accusative singular of nouns ending in -a

(obsolete) forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives


-ki

-ki (masculine nominative singular)
-ka (feminine nominative singular)
-kie (neuter nominative singular)
-cy (nominative plural virile)
-kie (nominative plural)
-kiego (genitive masculine singular)
-kiej (feminine genitive singular)
-kiego (genitive neuter singular)
-kich (genitive plural)
-kich (genitive plural virile)
-kiemu (dative masculine singular)
-kiej (dative feminine singular)
-kiemu (dative neuter singular)
-kim (dative plural)
-kim (dative plural virile)
-kiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ką (accusative feminine singular)
-kie (accusative neuter singular)
-kich (accusative plural virile)
-kie (accusative plural)
-kim (instrumental masculine singular)
-ką (feminine instrumental singular)
-kim (instrumental neuter singular)
-kimi (instrumental plural)
-kimi (instrumental plural virile)
-kim (locative masculine singular)
-kiej (feminine locative singular)
-kim (locative neuter singular)
-kich (locative plural)
-kich (locative plural virile)

jeden + -ki → jednaki


-ny

-ny (masculine nominative singular)
-na (feminine nominative singular)
-ne (neuter nominative singular)
-ni (nominative plural virile)
-ne (nominative plural)
-nego (genitive masculine singular)
-nej (feminine genitive singular)
-nego (genitive neuter singular)
-nych (genitive plural)
-nych (genitive plural virile)
-nemu (dative masculine singular)
-nej (dative feminine singular)
-nemu (dative neuter singular)
-nym (dative plural)
-nym (dative plural virile)
-nego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ną (accusative feminine singular)
-ne (accusative neuter singular)
-nych (accusative plural virile)
-ne (accusative plural)
-nym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ną (feminine instrumental singular)
-nym (instrumental neuter singular)
-nymi (instrumental plural)
-nymi (instrumental plural virile)
-nym (locative masculine singular)
-nej (feminine locative singular)
-nym (locative neuter singular)
-nych (locative plural)
-nych (locative plural virile)

dzień + -ny → dzienny

Latin ratiōnālis + -ny → racjonalny

German chemisch + -ny → chemiczny

French brutal + -ny → brutalny

Ancient Greek ἑκτικός (hektikós) + -ny → hektyczny


-arka

-arz (masculine)
-arka (nominative singular)
-arki (nominative plural)
-arki (genitive singular)
-arek (genitive plural)
-arce (dative singular)
-arkom (dative plural)
-arkę (accusative singular)
-arki (accusative plural)
-arką (instrumental singular)
-arkami (instrumental plural)
-arce (locative singular)
-arkach (locative plural)
-arko (singular vocative)
-arki (plural vocative)

więzień + -arka → więźniarka

forms feminine nouns referring to devices and machines; -er


-aty

-aty (masculine nominative singular)
-ata (feminine nominative singular)
-ate (neuter nominative singular)
-aci (nominative plural virile)
-ate (nominative plural)
-atego (genitive masculine singular)
-atej (feminine genitive singular)
-atego (genitive neuter singular)
-atych (genitive plural)
-atych (genitive plural virile)
-atemu (dative masculine singular)
-atej (dative feminine singular)
-atemu (dative neuter singular)
-atym (dative plural)
-atym (dative plural virile)
-atego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-aty (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-atą (accusative feminine singular)
-ate (accusative neuter singular)
-atych (accusative plural virile)
-ate (accusative plural)
-atym (instrumental masculine singular)
-atą (feminine instrumental singular)
-atym (instrumental neuter singular)
-atymi (instrumental plural)
-atymi (instrumental plural virile)
-atym (locative masculine singular)
-atej (feminine locative singular)
-atym (locative neuter singular)
-atych (locative plural)
-atych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-atъ. Cognate with Latin -atus.

broda → brodaty

forms adjectives meaning: made of, equipped with; -ed

popiół → popielaty


-any

-any (masculine nominative singular)
-ana (feminine nominative singular)
-ane (neuter nominative singular)
-ani (nominative plural virile)
-ane (nominative plural)
-anego (genitive masculine singular)
-anej (feminine genitive singular)
-anego (genitive neuter singular)
-anych (genitive plural)
-anych (genitive plural virile)
-anemu (dative masculine singular)
-anej (dative feminine singular)
-anemu (dative neuter singular)
-anym (dative plural)
-anym (dative plural virile)
-anego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-any (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-aną (accusative feminine singular)
-ane (accusative neuter singular)
-anych (accusative plural virile)
-ane (accusative plural)
-anym (instrumental masculine singular)
-aną (feminine instrumental singular)
-anym (instrumental neuter singular)
-anymi (instrumental plural)
-anymi (instrumental plural virile)
-anym (locative masculine singular)
-anej (feminine locative singular)
-anym (locative neuter singular)
-anych (locative plural)
-anych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish -any, from Proto-Slavic *-anъ (in some cases Proto-Slavic *-ěnъ).

dobrać + -any → dobrany

forms masculine adjectives or adjectival participles


-yzm

-yzm (nominative singular)
-yzmy (nominative plural)
-yzmu (genitive singular)
-yzmów (genitive plural)
-yzmowi (dative singular)
-yzmom (dative plural)
-yzm (accusative singular)
-yzmy (accusative plural)
-yzmem (instrumental singular)
-yzmami (instrumental plural)
-yzmie (locative singular)
-yzmach (locative plural)
-yzmie (singular vocative)
-yzmy (plural vocative)


-czyk

-czyk (nominative singular)
-czycy (nominative plural)
-czyki (derogatory nominative plural)
-czyka (genitive singular)
-czyków (genitive plural)
-czykowi (dative singular)
-czykom (dative plural)
-czyka (accusative singular)
-czyków (accusative plural)
-czykiem (instrumental singular)
-czykami (instrumental plural)
-czyku (locative singular)
-czykach (locative plural)
-czyku (singular vocative)
-czycy (plural vocative)

Adam + -czyk → Adamczyk


-kolwiek

Inherited from Old Polish -kolwiek, from Proto-Slavic *kolivěkъ. Compare Slovak -koľvek, Czech -kolivěk.

indefinite pronoun
indefinite pronoun#English

forms indefinite pronouns; -ever, -soever, any-


-szy

-szy (masculine nominative singular)
-sza (feminine nominative singular)
-sze (neuter nominative singular)
-si (nominative plural virile)
-sze (nominative plural)
-szego (genitive masculine singular)
-szej (feminine genitive singular)
-szego (genitive neuter singular)
-szych (genitive plural)
-szych (genitive plural virile)
-szemu (dative masculine singular)
-szej (dative feminine singular)
-szemu (dative neuter singular)
-szym (dative plural)
-szym (dative plural virile)
-szego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-szy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-szą (accusative feminine singular)
-sze (accusative neuter singular)
-szych (accusative plural virile)
-sze (accusative plural)
-szym (instrumental masculine singular)
-szą (feminine instrumental singular)
-szym (instrumental neuter singular)
-szymi (instrumental plural)
-szymi (instrumental plural virile)
-szym (locative masculine singular)
-szej (feminine locative singular)
-szym (locative neuter singular)
-szych (locative plural)
-szych (locative plural virile)

głodny + -szy → głodniejszy

dzisiaj + -szy → dzisiejszy


-alia

alia (nominative plural)
aliów (genitive plural)
aliom (dative plural)
alia (accusative plural)
aliami (instrumental plural)
aliach (locative plural)
alia (plural vocative)

generalny + -alia → generalia


-kroć

trzy + -kroć → trzykroć


-stat

-stat (nominative singular)
-staty (nominative plural)
-statu (genitive singular)
-statów (genitive plural)
-statowi (dative singular)
-statom (dative plural)
-stat (accusative singular)
-staty (accusative plural)
-statem (instrumental singular)
-statami (instrumental plural)
-stacie (locative singular)
-statach (locative plural)
-stacie (singular vocative)
-staty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English -stat.

aero- + -stat → aerostat


-anka

Rosjanin + -anka → Rosjanka

attached to countries to mean "women coming from"


-anka

Zaręba + -anka → Zarębianka

attached to surnames ending with -a and -g, -ge, -go, sometimes to other nouns, to form feminine proper nouns meaning “daughter of”


-anka

-anka (nominative singular)
-anki (nominative plural)
-anki (genitive singular)
-anek (genitive plural)
-ance (dative singular)
-ankom (dative plural)
-ankę (accusative singular)
-anki (accusative plural)
-anką (instrumental singular)
-ankami (instrumental plural)
-ance (locative singular)
-ankach (locative plural)
-anko (singular vocative)
-anki (plural vocative)

pończochy + -anka → Pippi Pończoszanka

zapiekać + -anka → zapiekanka

rąbać + -anka → rąbanka

purely structural suffix, forms feminine nouns of various kind


-fag

-fag (nominative singular)
-fagi (nominative plural)
-faga (genitive singular)
-fagów (genitive plural)
-fagowi (dative singular)
-fagom (dative plural)
-faga (accusative singular)
-fagi (accusative plural)
-fagiem (instrumental singular)
-fagami (instrumental plural)
-fagu (locative singular)
-fagach (locative plural)
-fagu (singular vocative)
-fagi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -φάγος (-phágos). Related to bóg.

bakteria + -fag → bakteriofag


-yna

-yna (nominative singular)
-yny (nominative plural)
-yny (genitive singular)
-yn (genitive plural)
-ynie (dative singular)
-ynom (dative plural)
-ynę (accusative singular)
-yny (accusative plural)
-yną (instrumental singular)
-ynami (instrumental plural)
-ynie (locative singular)
-ynach (locative plural)
-yno (singular vocative)
-yny (plural vocative)

buk + -yna → buczyna

Alternative form of -ina used after historically soft consonants


-no

-no (nominative singular)
-na (nominative plural)
-na (genitive singular)
-en (genitive plural)
-nu (dative singular)
-nom (dative plural)
-no (accusative singular)
-na (accusative plural)
-nem (instrumental singular)
-nami (instrumental plural)
-nie (locative singular)
-nach (locative plural)
-no (singular vocative)
-na (plural vocative)

Chełm + -no → Chełmno


-skop

-skop (nominative singular)
-skopy (nominative plural)
-skopu (genitive singular)
-skopów (genitive plural)
-skopowi (dative singular)
-skopom (dative plural)
-skop (accusative singular)
-skopy (accusative plural)
-skopem (instrumental singular)
-skopami (instrumental plural)
-skopie (locative singular)
-skopach (locative plural)
-skopie (singular vocative)
-skopy (plural vocative)

mikro- + -skop → mikroskop


-ów

-ów (nominative singular)
-owa (genitive singular)
-owowi (dative singular)
-ów (accusative singular)
-owem (instrumental singular)
-owie (locative singular)
-owie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -ów, from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ; doublet of -owy. Archaic noun ending used to create possessive forms, equivalent to English 's or of. For instance, Bolków literally means "Bolko's" or "of Bolko". Cognate with Russian -ов (-ov), Ukrainian -ів (-iv), Belarusian -аў (-aŭ) (unstressed)/-оў (-oŭ) (stressed). In modern Polish, the same ending is used for genitive plurals of masculine nouns. Compare Czech -ův.

used to create village and town names, especially in south Poland


-ń

na + -ń → nań

attached to a preposition, forms contractions of the preposition with niego or niej


-stwo

-stwo (nominative singular)
-stwa (nominative plural)
-stwa (genitive singular)
-stw (genitive plural)
-stwu (dative singular)
-stwom (dative plural)
-stwo (accusative singular)
-stwa (accusative plural)
-stwem (instrumental singular)
-stwami (instrumental plural)
-stwie (locative singular)
-stwach (locative plural)
-stwo (singular vocative)
-stwa (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish -stwo, from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo.

brat + -stwo → braterstwo

forms neuter, usually abstract nouns denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or a state; -hood, -ness, -dom


-stwo

-stwo (nominative plural)
-stwa (genitive plural)
-stwu (dative plural)
-stwo (accusative plural)
-stwem (instrumental plural)
-stwie (locative plural)
-stwo (plural vocative)

ambasador + -stwo → ambasadorstwo

(literary) suffix appended to words to create a title or position and their wife


-alnia

-alnia (nominative singular)
-alnie (nominative plural)
-alni (genitive singular)
-alni (genitive plural)
-alni (dative singular)
-alniom (dative plural)
-alnię (accusative singular)
-alnie (accusative plural)
-alnią (instrumental singular)
-alniami (instrumental plural)
-alni (locative singular)
-alniach (locative plural)
-alnio (singular vocative)
-alnie (plural vocative)

pływać + -alnia → pływalnia

forms names of designated rooms or shops


-ysko

-ysko (nominative singular)
-yska (nominative plural)
-yska (genitive singular)
-ysek (genitive plural)
-ysku (dative singular)
-yskom (dative plural)
-ysko (accusative singular)
-yska (accusative plural)
-yskiem (instrumental singular)
-yskami (instrumental plural)
-ysku (locative singular)
-yskach (locative plural)
-ysko (singular vocative)
-yska (plural vocative)

oko + -ysko → oczysko

smok + -ysko → smoczysko

zamek + -ysko → zamczysko

urok + -ysko → uroczysko


-ywać

-ywać (infinitive)
-uję (present singular)
-ujemy (plural present)
-ujesz (present singular)
-ujecie (plural present)
-uje (present singular third-person)
-ują (plural present third-person)
-uje się (impersonal present)
-ywałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m -ywał (masculine past singular)
-ywałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m -ywała (feminine past singular)
-ywałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m -ywało (neuter past singular)
-ywaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy -ywali (past plural virile)
-ywałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy -ywały (nonvirile past plural)
-ywałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś -ywał (masculine past singular)
-ywałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś -ywała (feminine past singular)
-ywałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś -ywało (neuter past singular)
-ywaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście -ywali (past plural virile)
-ywałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście -ywały (nonvirile past plural)
-ywał (masculine past singular third-person)
-ywała (feminine past singular third-person)
-ywało (neuter past singular third-person)
-ywali (past plural third-person virile)
-ywały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
-ywano (impersonal past)
będę -ywał (future masculine singular)
będę -ywać (future masculine singular)
będę -ywała (feminine future singular)
będę -ywać (feminine future singular)
będę -ywało (future neuter singular)
będę -ywać (future neuter singular)
będziemy -ywali (future plural virile)
będziemy -ywać (future plural virile)
będziemy -ywały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy -ywać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz -ywał (future masculine singular)
będziesz -ywać (future masculine singular)
będziesz -ywała (feminine future singular)
będziesz -ywać (feminine future singular)
będziesz -ywało (future neuter singular)
będziesz -ywać (future neuter singular)
będziecie -ywali (future plural virile)
będziecie -ywać (future plural virile)
będziecie -ywały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie -ywać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie -ywał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie -ywać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie -ywała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie -ywać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie -ywało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie -ywać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą -ywali (future plural third-person virile)
będą -ywać (future plural third-person virile)
będą -ywały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą -ywać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie -ywać się (future impersonal)
-ywałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym -ywał (conditional masculine singular)
-ywałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym -ywała (conditional feminine singular)
-ywałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym -ywało (conditional neuter singular)
-ywalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy -ywali (conditional plural virile)
-ywałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy -ywały (conditional nonvirile plural)
-ywałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś -ywał (conditional masculine singular)
-ywałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś -ywała (conditional feminine singular)
-ywałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś -ywało (conditional neuter singular)
-ywalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście -ywali (conditional plural virile)
-ywałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście -ywały (conditional nonvirile plural)
-ywałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by -ywał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
-ywałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by -ywała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
-ywałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by -ywało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
-ywaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by -ywali (conditional plural third-person virile)
-ywałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by -ywały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
-ywano by (conditional impersonal)
niech -uję (imperative singular)
-ujmy (imperative plural)
-uj (imperative singular)
-ujcie (imperative plural)
niech -uje (imperative singular third-person)
niech -ują (imperative plural third-person)
-ujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
-ująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
-ujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
-ujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
-ujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
-ywany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
-ywana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
-ywane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
-ywani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
-ywane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
-ując (adjectival contemporary participle)
-ywanie (noun-from-verb)

Cognate with Russian -ивать (-ivatʹ), -ывать (-yvatʹ), Serbo-Croatian -ивати.

rozgotować + -ywać → rozgotowywać

zbyć + -ywać → zbywać

forms imperfective verbs from perfective verbs, especially those created by prefixing; replaces -ać, causes hardening of previous consonant

być + -ywać → bywać

czytać + -ywać → czytywać

widzieć + -ywać → widywać

forms frequentative verbs from imperfective verbs; replaces -ać, causes hardening of previous consonant


-cen

-cen (nominative singular)
-cenu (genitive singular)
-cenowi (dative singular)
-cen (accusative singular)
-cenem (instrumental singular)
-cenie (locative singular)
-cenie (singular vocative)

eo- + -cen → eocen


-cz

-cz (nominative singular)
-cze (nominative plural)
-czu (genitive singular)
-cza (genitive singular)
-czy (genitive plural)
-czowi (dative singular)
-czom (dative plural)
-cz (accusative singular)
-cze (accusative plural)
-czem (instrumental singular)
-czami (instrumental plural)
-czu (locative singular)
-czach (locative plural)
-czu (singular vocative)
-cze (plural vocative)

zdobyć + -cz → zdobycz


-elnia

-elnia (nominative singular)
-elnie (nominative plural)
-elni (genitive singular)
-elni (genitive plural)
-elni (dative singular)
-elniom (dative plural)
-elnię (accusative singular)
-elnie (accusative plural)
-elnią (instrumental singular)
-elniami (instrumental plural)
-elni (locative singular)
-elniach (locative plural)
-elnio (singular vocative)
-elnie (plural vocative)

czytać + -elnia → czytelnia

forms names of designated rooms, shops or factories