"u" meaning in Polish

See u in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /u/, /ˈu/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: U [uppercase]
Rhymes: -u Etymology: The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself. Etymology templates: {{m|mul|u}} u, {{pl-ety-letter}} The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself. Head templates: {{head|pl|letters|upper case|U|lower case||}} u (upper case U, lower case)
  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script. Tags: letter, lowercase
    Sense id: en-u-pl-character-nI-j9Yaj Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 59 4 6 10 5 7 1 6 3 Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 61 7 4 5 4 4 4 4 7 Related terms: A [Latin, letter], a [Latin, letter], Ą [Latin, letter], ą [Latin, letter], B [Latin, letter], b [Latin, letter], C [Latin, letter], c [Latin, letter], Ć [Latin, letter], ć [Latin, letter], D [Latin, letter], d [Latin, letter], E [Latin, letter], e [Latin, letter], Ę [Latin, letter], ę [Latin, letter], F [Latin, letter], f [Latin, letter], G [Latin, letter], g [Latin, letter], H [Latin, letter], h [Latin, letter], I [Latin, letter], i [Latin, letter], J [Latin, letter], j [Latin, letter], K [Latin, letter], k [Latin, letter], L [Latin, letter], l [Latin, letter], Ł [Latin, letter], ł [Latin, letter], M [Latin, letter], m [Latin, letter], N [Latin, letter], n [Latin, letter], Ń [Latin, letter], ń [Latin, letter], O [Latin, letter], o [Latin, letter], Ó [Latin, letter], ó [Latin, letter], P [Latin, letter], p [Latin, letter], R [Latin, letter], r [Latin, letter], S [Latin, letter], s [Latin, letter], Ś [Latin, letter], ś [Latin, letter], T [Latin, letter], t [Latin, letter], U [Latin, letter], u [Latin, letter], W [Latin, letter], w [Latin, letter], Y [Latin, letter], y [Latin, letter], Z [Latin, letter], z [Latin, letter], Ź [Latin, letter], ź [Latin, letter], Ż [Latin, letter], ż [Latin, letter]
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /u/, /ˈu/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -u Etymology: The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself. Etymology templates: {{m|mul|u}} u, {{pl-ety-letter}} The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself. Head templates: {{pl-noun|n|indecl=1}} u n (indeclinable)
  1. u, close back rounded vowel Tags: indeclinable, neuter
    Sense id: en-u-pl-noun-p4r6zplr
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Preposition

IPA: /u/, /ˈu/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: u [+genitive] [canonical]
Rhymes: -u Etymology: table Inherited from Old Polish u. Etymology templates: {{etymid|pl|preposition}} table, {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=3}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|u|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish u, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|u}} Inherited from Old Polish u Head templates: {{head|pl|prepositions}} u
  1. denotes a part belonging to a larger whole; of
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-hG-dJUVb Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations
  2. denotes near position; by, at Synonyms: blisko, koło, niedaleko, opodal, podle, w pobliżu
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-jsSYdZEZ Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations
  3. denotes position with something else; at, by; with; chez
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-NHbPofQY Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations
  4. denotes tutor or doer of an action; at, with; from
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-l89htuZC
  5. denotes someone or something for which something else is named
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-3~JXbWU9
  6. denotes someone or something about which something may apply; among; in
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-HZq0YOR1 Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations
  7. denotes subject of an action; at
    Sense id: en-u-pl-prep-5E96QvaG
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for u meaning in Polish (8.8kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
      "name": "pl-ety-letter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "U",
      "tags": [
        "uppercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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        "2": "letters",
        "3": "upper case",
        "4": "U",
        "5": "lower case",
        "6": "",
        "7": ""
      },
      "expansion": "u (upper case U, lower case)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 4 6 10 5 7 1 6 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 7 4 5 4 4 4 4 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The twenty-seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script."
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-character-nI-j9Yaj",
      "links": [
        [
          "letter",
          "letter"
        ],
        [
          "alphabet",
          "alphabet"
        ],
        [
          "u",
          "u#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "A"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ą"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ą"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "B"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "b"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "C"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "c"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ć"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ć"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "D"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "d"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "E"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "e"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ę"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ę"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "F"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "f"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "G"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "g"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "H"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "h"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "I"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "i"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "J"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "j"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "K"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "k"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "L"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "l"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ł"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ł"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "M"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "m"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "N"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "n"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ń"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ń"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "O"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ó"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ó"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "P"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "p"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "R"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "r"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "S"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "s"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ś"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ś"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "T"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "t"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "U"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "u"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "W"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "w"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Y"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "y"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Z"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "z"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ź"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ź"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "Ż"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter"
          ],
          "word": "ż"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter",
        "lowercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "History of Polish orthography"
  ],
  "word": "u"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
      "name": "pl-ety-letter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "indecl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "u n (indeclinable)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "u, close back rounded vowel"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-noun-p4r6zplr",
      "links": [
        [
          "u",
          "u#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "History of Polish orthography"
  ],
  "word": "u"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "u",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish u",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish u",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "u [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prepositions"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "toes (literally, “fingers of the foot”)",
          "text": "palce u nogi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a part belonging to a larger whole; of"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-hG-dJUVb",
      "links": [
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "at the door",
          "text": "u drzwi"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the gates",
          "text": "u bram"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes near position; by, at"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-jsSYdZEZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "blisko"
        },
        {
          "word": "koło"
        },
        {
          "word": "niedaleko"
        },
        {
          "word": "opodal"
        },
        {
          "word": "podle"
        },
        {
          "word": "w pobliżu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "u Kasi ― at Kasia's"
        },
        {
          "english": "at one's parents",
          "text": "u rodziców"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the doctor's",
          "text": "u lekarza"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the dentist's",
          "text": "u dentysty"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes position with something else; at, by; with; chez"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-NHbPofQY",
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "chez",
          "chez"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes tutor or doer of an action; at, with; from"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-l89htuZC",
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonyms: pośród, wpośród, wśród"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes someone or something for which something else is named"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-3~JXbWU9"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in men",
          "text": "u mężczyzn"
        },
        {
          "english": "in wild animals",
          "text": "u dzikich zwierząt"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes someone or something about which something may apply; among; in"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-HZq0YOR1",
      "links": [
        [
          "among",
          "among"
        ],
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes subject of an action; at"
      ],
      "id": "en-u-pl-prep-5E96QvaG",
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "word": "u"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish letters",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
      "name": "pl-ety-letter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "U",
      "tags": [
        "uppercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "letters",
        "3": "upper case",
        "4": "U",
        "5": "lower case",
        "6": "",
        "7": ""
      },
      "expansion": "u (upper case U, lower case)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "character",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "A"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ą"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ą"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "B"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "b"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "C"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "c"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "D"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "d"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "E"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "e"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ę"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ę"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "F"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "f"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "G"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "g"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "H"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "I"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "J"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "j"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "K"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "L"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "l"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ł"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ł"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "M"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "m"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "N"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "n"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ń"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ń"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "O"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "P"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "p"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "R"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "r"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "S"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "s"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ś"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ś"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "T"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "t"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "U"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "W"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "w"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Y"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "y"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Z"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "z"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ź"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ź"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ż"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ż"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The twenty-seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "letter",
          "letter"
        ],
        [
          "alphabet",
          "alphabet"
        ],
        [
          "u",
          "u#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter",
        "lowercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "History of Polish orthography"
  ],
  "word": "u"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish indeclinable nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish neuter nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
      "name": "pl-ety-letter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and u for development of the glyph itself.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "indecl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "u n (indeclinable)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "u, close back rounded vowel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "u",
          "u#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "History of Polish orthography"
  ],
  "word": "u"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u",
    "Rhymes:Polish/u/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "u",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish u",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish u",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "u [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prepositions"
      },
      "expansion": "u",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "toes (literally, “fingers of the foot”)",
          "text": "palce u nogi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a part belonging to a larger whole; of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "at the door",
          "text": "u drzwi"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the gates",
          "text": "u bram"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes near position; by, at"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "blisko"
        },
        {
          "word": "koło"
        },
        {
          "word": "niedaleko"
        },
        {
          "word": "opodal"
        },
        {
          "word": "podle"
        },
        {
          "word": "w pobliżu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "u Kasi ― at Kasia's"
        },
        {
          "english": "at one's parents",
          "text": "u rodziców"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the doctor's",
          "text": "u lekarza"
        },
        {
          "english": "at the dentist's",
          "text": "u dentysty"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes position with something else; at, by; with; chez"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "chez",
          "chez"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes tutor or doer of an action; at, with; from"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonyms: pośród, wpośród, wśród"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes someone or something for which something else is named"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in men",
          "text": "u mężczyzn"
        },
        {
          "english": "in wild animals",
          "text": "u dzikich zwierząt"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes someone or something about which something may apply; among; in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "among",
          "among"
        ],
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes subject of an action; at"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/u/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "word": "u"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'u [+genitive]' in 'u [+genitive]'",
  "path": [
    "u"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "u",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "u/Polish/prep: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"sla-pro\", \"3\": \"ine-bsl-pro\", \"4\": \"ine-pro\", \"inh\": \"3\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"dercat\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Polish 1-syllable words\", \"Polish entries with incorrect language header\", \"Polish lemmas\", \"Polish prepositions\", \"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Polish terms with audio links\", \"Rhymes:Polish/u\", \"Rhymes:Polish/u/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"preposition\"}, \"expansion\": \"table\", \"name\": \"etymid\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"sla-pro\", \"3\": \"ine-bsl-pro\", \"4\": \"ine-pro\", \"inh\": \"3\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"dercat\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"zlw-opl\", \"3\": \"u\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Polish u\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"zlw-opl\", \"3\": \"u\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Old Polish u\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"table\\nInherited from Old Polish u.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"u [+genitive]\", \"tags\": [\"canonical\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pl\", \"2\": \"prepositions\"}, \"expansion\": \"u\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"u\"], \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"lang_code\": \"pl\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Polish terms with collocations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"toes (literally, \\u201cfingers of the foot\\u201d)\", \"text\": \"palce u nogi\"}], \"glosses\": [\"denotes a part belonging to a larger whole; of\"], \"links\": [[\"of\", \"of\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Polish terms with collocations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"at the door\", \"text\": \"u drzwi\"}, {\"english\": \"at the gates\", \"text\": \"u bram\"}], \"glosses\": [\"denotes near position; by, at\"], \"links\": [[\"by\", \"by\"], [\"at\", \"at\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"blisko\"}, {\"word\": \"ko\\u0142o\"}, {\"word\": \"niedaleko\"}, {\"word\": \"opodal\"}, {\"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"word\": \"w pobli\\u017cu\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"Polish terms with collocations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"u Kasi \\u2015 at Kasia's\"}, {\"english\": \"at one's parents\", \"text\": \"u rodzic\\u00f3w\"}, {\"english\": \"at the doctor's\", \"text\": \"u lekarza\"}, {\"english\": \"at the dentist's\", \"text\": \"u dentysty\"}], \"glosses\": [\"denotes position with something else; at, by; with; chez\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"with\", \"with\"], [\"chez\", \"chez\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"denotes tutor or doer of an action; at, with; from\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"], [\"with\", \"with\"], [\"from\", \"from\"]]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Near-synonyms: po\\u015br\\u00f3d, wpo\\u015br\\u00f3d, w\\u015br\\u00f3d\"}], \"glosses\": [\"denotes someone or something for which something else is named\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Polish terms with collocations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"in men\", \"text\": \"u m\\u0119\\u017cczyzn\"}, {\"english\": \"in wild animals\", \"text\": \"u dzikich zwierz\\u0105t\"}], \"glosses\": [\"denotes someone or something about which something may apply; among; in\"], \"links\": [[\"among\", \"among\"], [\"in\", \"in\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"denotes subject of an action; at\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/u/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8u/\", \"tags\": [\"Middle\", \"Polish\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-u\"}], \"word\": \"u\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "u",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.