lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamy (nominative plural)
lamy (genitive singular)
lam (genitive plural)
lamie (dative singular)
lamom (dative plural)
lamę (accusative singular)
lamy (accusative plural)
lamą (instrumental singular)
lamami (instrumental plural)
lamie (locative singular)
lamach (locative plural)
lamo (singular vocative)
lamy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: lama


lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamy (genitive singular)
lamie (dative singular)
lamę (accusative singular)
lamą (instrumental singular)
lamie (locative singular)
lamo (singular vocative)


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)

(uncountable, obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


cement

cement (nominative singular)
cementu (genitive singular)
cementowi (dative singular)
cement (accusative singular)
cementem (instrumental singular)
cemencie (locative singular)
cemencie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Zement, from late Middle High German cēment, from earlier zīment, zīmente, from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum.


juta

jutowy (adjective)
juta (nominative singular)
juty (nominative plural)
juty (genitive singular)
jut (genitive plural)
jucie (dative singular)
jutom (dative plural)
jutę (accusative singular)
juty (accusative plural)
jutą (instrumental singular)
jutami (instrumental plural)
jucie (locative singular)
jutach (locative plural)
juto (singular vocative)
juty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare Dutch jute, English jute, German Jute, ultimately from Bengali ঝুট (jhuṭ), from Sanskrit जूट (jūṭa).

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


pers

pers (nominative singular)
persy (nominative plural)
persa (genitive singular)
persów (genitive plural)
persowi (dative singular)
persom (dative plural)
persa (accusative singular)
persy (accusative plural)
persem (instrumental singular)
persami (instrumental plural)
persie (locative singular)
persach (locative plural)
persie (singular vocative)
persy (plural vocative)


papier

papier m inan (diminutive papierek, augmentative papierzysko, related adjective papierowy)

papierek (diminutive)
papierzysko (augmentative)
papierowy (adjective)
papier (nominative singular)
papiery (nominative plural)
papieru (genitive singular)
papierów (genitive plural)
papierowi (dative singular)
papierom (dative plural)
papier (accusative singular)
papiery (accusative plural)
papierem (instrumental singular)
papierami (instrumental plural)
papierze (locative singular)
papierach (locative plural)
papierze (singular vocative)
papiery (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: папе́ра (papjéra)

→ Kashubian: papiór

→ Lithuanian: popierius

→ Latvian: papīrs

Borrowed from Middle High German papier. First attested in 1528. Compare Silesian papiōr.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “papier”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Książkę wydrukowano na papierze wysokiej jakości.

The book was printed on high-quality paper.

paper (sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water)

(colloquial) dollar (official currency of the United States)

paper (open hand in the game of rock paper scissors)


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papy (nominative plural)
papy (genitive singular)
pap (genitive plural)
papie (dative singular)
papom (dative plural)
papę (accusative singular)
papy (accusative plural)
papą (instrumental singular)
papami (instrumental plural)
papie (locative singular)
papach (locative plural)
papo (singular vocative)
papy (plural vocative)


tartan

tartan (nominative singular)
tartany (nominative plural)
tartanu (genitive singular)
tartanów (genitive plural)
tartanowi (dative singular)
tartanom (dative plural)
tartan (accusative singular)
tartany (accusative plural)
tartanem (instrumental singular)
tartanami (instrumental plural)
tartanie (locative singular)
tartanach (locative plural)
tartanie (singular vocative)
tartany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tartan, from Middle English tartaryn, from Middle French tartarin, tiretaine, from Old French tiret, from tire, from Medieval Latin tyrius, from Latin Tyrus, from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr).


diagonal

diagonal (nominative singular)
diagonale (nominative plural)
diagonalu (genitive singular)
diagonali (genitive plural)
diagonalów (genitive plural)
diagonalowi (dative singular)
diagonalom (dative plural)
diagonal (accusative singular)
diagonale (accusative plural)
diagonalem (instrumental singular)
diagonalami (instrumental plural)
diagonalu (locative singular)
diagonalach (locative plural)
diagonalu (singular vocative)
diagonale (plural vocative)


origami

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 折り紙 (origami), from 折り (ori) + 紙 (kami).


lis

pl-noun

lis m animal (female equivalent lisica, diminutive lisek, augmentative lisisko)

lisica (feminine)
lisek (diminutive)
lisisko (augmentative)
lis (nominative singular)
lisy (nominative plural)
lisa (genitive singular)
lisów (genitive plural)
lisowi (dative singular)
lisom (dative plural)
lisa (accusative singular)
lisy (accusative plural)
lisem (instrumental singular)
lisami (instrumental plural)
lisie (locative singular)
lisach (locative plural)
lisie (singular vocative)
lisy (plural vocative)

fox (Vulpini, especially the genus Vulpes)


wilk

wilk m animal (female equivalent wilczyca, diminutive wilczek, augmentative wilczysko, related adjective wilczy)

wilczyca (feminine)
wilczek (diminutive)
wilczysko (augmentative)
wilczy (adjective)
wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilka (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilka (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


part

part (nominative singular)
party (nominative plural)
partu (genitive singular)
partów (genitive plural)
partowi (dative singular)
partom (dative plural)
part (accusative singular)
party (accusative plural)
partem (instrumental singular)
partami (instrumental plural)
parcie (locative singular)
partach (locative plural)
parcie (singular vocative)
party (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish port, from Proto-Slavic *pъrtъ.


nutria

nutriowy (adjective)
nutria (nominative singular)
nutrie (nominative plural)
nutrii (genitive singular)
nutrii (genitive plural)
nutryj (archaic genitive plural)
nutrii (dative singular)
nutriom (dative plural)
nutrię (accusative singular)
nutrie (accusative plural)
nutrią (instrumental singular)
nutriami (instrumental plural)
nutrii (locative singular)
nutriach (locative plural)
nutrio (singular vocative)
nutrie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish nutria. Doublet of hydra and wydra.

Myocastor coypus
Myocastor coypus#Translingual


kuna

kuni (adjective)
kuna (nominative singular)
kuny (nominative plural)
kuny (genitive singular)
kun (genitive plural)
kunie (dative singular)
kunom (dative plural)
kunę (accusative singular)
kuny (accusative plural)
kuną (instrumental singular)
kunami (instrumental plural)
kunie (locative singular)
kunach (locative plural)
kuno (singular vocative)
kuny (plural vocative)

(Kuyavia) iron hoop at a church door to which criminals are attached


babie lato

babie lato (nominative singular)
babie lata (nominative plural)
babiego lata (genitive singular)
babich lat (genitive plural)
babiemu latu (dative singular)
babim latom (dative plural)
babie lato (accusative singular)
babie lata (accusative plural)
babim latem (instrumental singular)
babimi latami (instrumental plural)
babim lecie (locative singular)
babich latach (locative plural)
babie lato (singular vocative)
babie lata (plural vocative)

(idiomatic) Indian summer (stretch of warm days in autumn)

(obsolete) any plant of the genus Chamaenerion, e.g. willowherb, fireweed


kanapa

kanapa (nominative singular)
kanapy (nominative plural)
kanapy (genitive singular)
kanap (genitive plural)
kanapie (dative singular)
kanapom (dative plural)
kanapę (accusative singular)
kanapy (accusative plural)
kanapą (instrumental singular)
kanapami (instrumental plural)
kanapie (locative singular)
kanapach (locative plural)
kanapo (singular vocative)
kanapy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French canapé, from Latin cōnōpēum, from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon).


batik

batik (nominative singular)
batika (genitive singular)
batikowi (dative singular)
batik (accusative singular)
batikiem (instrumental singular)
batiku (locative singular)
batiku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French batik, from Dutch batik, from Javanese ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀ (bathik).


kapok

pl-noun

kapok m inan (related adjective kapokowy)

kapokowy (adjective)
kapok (nominative singular)
kapoki (nominative plural)
kapoka (genitive singular)
kapoków (genitive plural)
kapokowi (dative singular)
kapokom (dative plural)
kapok (accusative singular)
kapoki (accusative plural)
kapokiem (instrumental singular)
kapokami (instrumental plural)
kapoku (locative singular)
kapokach (locative plural)
kapoku (singular vocative)
kapoki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English kapok, French kapok, German Kapok, ultimately from Malay kapuk.

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

kapok (silky fiber obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.)


rum

rum (nominative singular)
rumy (nominative plural)
rumu (genitive singular)
rumów (genitive plural)
rumowi (dative singular)
rumom (dative plural)
rum (accusative singular)
rumy (accusative plural)
rumem (instrumental singular)
rumami (instrumental plural)
rumie (locative singular)
rumach (locative plural)
rumie (singular vocative)
rumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

bor+

(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs


lesz

lesz (nominative singular)
leszu (genitive singular)
leszowi (dative singular)
lesz (accusative singular)
leszem (instrumental singular)
leszu (locative singular)
leszu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Lösche, from löschen.


bela

bela (nominative singular)
bele (nominative plural)
beli (genitive singular)
beli (genitive plural)
bel (genitive plural)
beli (dative singular)
belom (dative plural)
belę (accusative singular)
bele (accusative plural)
belą (instrumental singular)
belami (instrumental plural)
beli (locative singular)
belach (locative plural)
belo (singular vocative)
bele (plural vocative)

bale (a rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation)


stora

stora (nominative singular)
story (nominative plural)
story (genitive singular)
stor (genitive plural)
storze (dative singular)
storom (dative plural)
storę (accusative singular)
story (accusative plural)
storą (instrumental singular)
storami (instrumental plural)
storze (locative singular)
storach (locative plural)
storo (singular vocative)
story (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French store, from Latin storea.


notes

notesik (diminutive)
notes (nominative singular)
notesy (nominative plural)
notesu (genitive singular)
notesów (genitive plural)
notesowi (dative singular)
notesom (dative plural)
notes (accusative singular)
notesy (accusative plural)
notesem (instrumental singular)
notesami (instrumental plural)
notesie (locative singular)
notesach (locative plural)
notesie (singular vocative)
notesy (plural vocative)


nylon

nylon (nominative singular)
nylonu (genitive singular)
nylonowi (dative singular)
nylon (accusative singular)
nylonem (instrumental singular)
nylonie (locative singular)
nylonie (singular vocative)


forma

pl-noun

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective formowy)

foremka (diminutive)
formowy (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

(textiles) pattern (paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling)


napalm

napalm m inan (related adjective napalmowy)

napalmowy (adjective)
napalm (nominative singular)
napalmu (genitive singular)
napalmowi (dative singular)
napalm (accusative singular)
napalmem (instrumental singular)
napalmie (locative singular)
napalmie (singular vocative)

napalm (highly flammable, viscous substance, designed to stick to the body while burning, used in warfare as an incendiary, especially in wooded areas)


celadon

celadon (nominative singular)
celadony (nominative plural)
celadonu (genitive singular)
celadonów (genitive plural)
celadonowi (dative singular)
celadonom (dative plural)
celadon (accusative singular)
celadony (accusative plural)
celadonem (instrumental singular)
celadonami (instrumental plural)
celadonie (locative singular)
celadonach (locative plural)
celadonie (singular vocative)
celadony (plural vocative)


bristol

bristol (nominative singular)
bristole (nominative plural)
bristolu (genitive singular)
bristoli (genitive plural)
bristolowi (dative singular)
bristolom (dative plural)
bristol (accusative singular)
bristole (accusative plural)
bristolem (instrumental singular)
bristolami (instrumental plural)
bristolu (locative singular)
bristolach (locative plural)
bristolu (singular vocative)
bristole (plural vocative)


manila

manilowy (adjective)
manila (nominative singular)
manile (nominative plural)
manili (genitive singular)
manili (genitive plural)
manil (genitive plural)
manili (dative singular)
manilom (dative plural)
manilę (accusative singular)
manile (accusative plural)
manilą (instrumental singular)
manilami (instrumental plural)
manili (locative singular)
manilach (locative plural)
manilo (singular vocative)
manile (plural vocative)


kir

kirowy (adjective)
kir (nominative singular)
kiry (nominative plural)
kiru (genitive singular)
kirów (genitive plural)
kirowi (dative singular)
kirom (dative plural)
kir (accusative singular)
kiry (accusative plural)
kirem (instrumental singular)
kirami (instrumental plural)
kirze (locative singular)
kirach (locative plural)
kirze (singular vocative)
kiry (plural vocative)

mort cloth, pall (black material symbolizing mourning)


balsam

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)

balsamowy (adjective)
balsam (nominative singular)
balsamy (nominative plural)
balsamu (genitive singular)
balsamów (genitive plural)
balsamowi (dative singular)
balsamom (dative plural)
balsam (accusative singular)
balsamy (accusative plural)
balsamem (instrumental singular)
balsamami (instrumental plural)
balsamie (locative singular)
balsamach (locative plural)
balsamie (singular vocative)
balsamy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)


bitumen

bitumen (nominative singular)
bitumeny (nominative plural)
bitumenu (genitive singular)
bitumenów (genitive plural)
bitumenowi (dative singular)
bitumenom (dative plural)
bitumen (accusative singular)
bitumeny (accusative plural)
bitumenem (instrumental singular)
bitumenami (instrumental plural)
bitumenie (locative singular)
bitumenach (locative plural)
bitumenie (singular vocative)
bitumeny (plural vocative)


runo

runo (nominative singular)
runa (nominative plural)
runa (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runu (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runo (accusative singular)
runa (accusative plural)
runem (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runa (plural vocative)


haft

hafcik (diminutive)
haft (nominative singular)
hafty (nominative plural)
haftu (genitive singular)
haftów (genitive plural)
haftowi (dative singular)
haftom (dative plural)
haft (accusative singular)
hafty (accusative plural)
haftem (instrumental singular)
haftami (instrumental plural)
hafcie (locative singular)
haftach (locative plural)
hafcie (singular vocative)
hafty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German haft, from Old High German hafta, from Proto-Germanic *haftō.

embroidery (ornamentation of fabric using needlework)

embroidery (piece of embroidered fabric)

(colloquial) pavement pizza (patch of vomit on the pavement, road or ground)

(colloquial, derogatory) worthless product of creative activities performed without much ambition


tetra

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τετρα- (tetra-).


polar

polar (nominative singular)
polary (nominative plural)
polaru (genitive singular)
polarów (genitive plural)
polarowi (dative singular)
polarom (dative plural)
polar (accusative singular)
polary (accusative plural)
polarem (instrumental singular)
polarami (instrumental plural)
polarze (locative singular)
polarach (locative plural)
polarze (singular vocative)
polary (plural vocative)


bruk

brukowy (adjective)
bruk (nominative singular)
bruki (nominative plural)
bruku (genitive singular)
bruków (genitive plural)
brukowi (dative singular)
brukom (dative plural)
bruk (accusative singular)
bruki (accusative plural)
brukiem (instrumental singular)
brukami (instrumental plural)
bruku (locative singular)
brukach (locative plural)
bruku (singular vocative)
bruki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Brücke. Doublet of bryk and bryka.

Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]

1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:

On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) …

Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.

2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-11:

The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.

[...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]

2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-20:

… the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants …

cobblestones (road pavement made of stones)


patka

patka (nominative singular)
patki (nominative plural)
patki (genitive singular)
patek (genitive plural)
patce (dative singular)
patkom (dative plural)
patkę (accusative singular)
patki (accusative plural)
patką (instrumental singular)
patkami (instrumental plural)
patce (locative singular)
patkach (locative plural)
patko (singular vocative)
patki (plural vocative)

flap (strip of material sewn or pinned to a garment, used to tighten a loose part of it or as a decoration)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French moire. First attested in 1677–1690. Doublet of moher.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

moiré (a fabric, often silk, which has a watery or wavelike appearance)


baja

baja (nominative singular)
baje (nominative plural)
bai (genitive singular)
baj (genitive plural)
bai (dative singular)
bajom (dative plural)
baję (accusative singular)
baje (accusative plural)
bają (instrumental singular)
bajami (instrumental plural)
bai (locative singular)
bajach (locative plural)
bajo (singular vocative)
baje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Baie, from French baie.


menhir

menhir (nominative singular)
menhiry (nominative plural)
menhiru (genitive singular)
menhirów (genitive plural)
menhirowi (dative singular)
menhirom (dative plural)
menhir (accusative singular)
menhiry (accusative plural)
menhirem (instrumental singular)
menhirami (instrumental plural)
menhirze (locative singular)
menhirach (locative plural)
menhirze (singular vocative)
menhiry (plural vocative)

(archaeology) menhir (single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times)


manna

pl-noun

manna f (related adjective manniany or mannowy)

manniany (adjective)
mannowy (adjective)
manna (nominative singular)
manny (nominative plural)
manny (genitive singular)
mann (genitive plural)
mannie (dative singular)
mannom (dative plural)
mannę (accusative singular)
manny (accusative plural)
manną (instrumental singular)
mannami (instrumental plural)
mannie (locative singular)
mannach (locative plural)
manno (singular vocative)
manny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin manna.

farina (fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery)

(biblical) manna (food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus)

mannagrass, sweetgrass (any grass of the genus Glyceria)

manna (sugary sap of the manna gum tree)

rim lichen (any lichen of the genus Lecanora)


kreda

kreda (nominative singular)
kredy (nominative plural)
kredy (genitive singular)
kred (genitive plural)
kredzie (dative singular)
kredom (dative plural)
kredę (accusative singular)
kredy (accusative plural)
kredą (instrumental singular)
kredami (instrumental plural)
kredzie (locative singular)
kredach (locative plural)
kredo (singular vocative)
kredy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kreide, from Middle High German krīde, from Old High German krīda, from Vulgar Latin *crēda, from Latin crēta. Doublet of Kreta.


gaza

gazowy (adjective)
gaza (nominative singular)
gazy (nominative plural)
gazy (genitive singular)
gaz (genitive plural)
gazie (dative singular)
gazom (dative plural)
gazę (accusative singular)
gazy (accusative plural)
gazą (instrumental singular)
gazami (instrumental plural)
gazie (locative singular)
gazach (locative plural)
gazo (singular vocative)
gazy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gaze, from Arabic قَزّ (qazz).

(medicine) gauze (cotton fabric used as surgical dressing)


gips

gipsowy (adjective)
gips (nominative singular)
gipsy (nominative plural)
gipsu (genitive singular)
gipsów (genitive plural)
gipsowi (dative singular)
gipsom (dative plural)
gips (accusative singular)
gipsy (accusative plural)
gipsem (instrumental singular)
gipsami (instrumental plural)
gipsie (locative singular)
gipsach (locative plural)
gipsie (singular vocative)
gipsy (plural vocative)


len

lniany (adjective)
len (nominative singular)
lny (nominative plural)
lnu (genitive singular)
lnów (genitive plural)
lnowi (dative singular)
lnom (dative plural)
len (accusative singular)
lny (accusative plural)
lnem (instrumental singular)
lnami (instrumental plural)
lnie (locative singular)
lnach (locative plural)
lnie (singular vocative)
lny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьnъ. Doublet of lina.

linen (thread or cloth made from flax fibre)


kapa

kapka (diminutive)
kapa (nominative singular)
kapy (nominative plural)
kapy (genitive singular)
kap (genitive plural)
kapie (dative singular)
kapom (dative plural)
kapę (accusative singular)
kapy (accusative plural)
kapą (instrumental singular)
kapami (instrumental plural)
kapie (locative singular)
kapach (locative plural)
kapo (singular vocative)
kapy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin cappa. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Spanish capa.

sl

(equestrianism) horse blanket, rug (blanket placed underneath the saddle of a horse)


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)


wata

wata (nominative singular)
waty (nominative plural)
waty (genitive singular)
wat (genitive plural)
wacie (dative singular)
watom (dative plural)
watę (accusative singular)
waty (accusative plural)
watą (instrumental singular)
watami (instrumental plural)
wacie (locative singular)
watach (locative plural)
wato (singular vocative)
waty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Watte, from Dutch watten, from Middle French ouate.


obrus

obrus m inan (diminutive obrusik or obrusek)

obrusik (diminutive)
obrusek (diminutive)
obrus (nominative singular)
obrusy (nominative plural)
obrusa (genitive singular)
obrusu (genitive singular)
obrusów (genitive plural)
obrusowi (dative singular)
obrusom (dative plural)
obrus (accusative singular)
obrusy (accusative plural)
obrusem (instrumental singular)
obrusami (instrumental plural)
obrusie (locative singular)
obrusach (locative plural)
obrusie (singular vocative)
obrusy (plural vocative)


lep

lep (nominative singular)
lepy (nominative plural)
lepu (genitive singular)
lepów (genitive plural)
lepowi (dative singular)
lepom (dative plural)
lep (accusative singular)
lepy (accusative plural)
lepem (instrumental singular)
lepami (instrumental plural)
lepie (locative singular)
lepach (locative plural)
lepie (singular vocative)
lepy (plural vocative)

flypaper (“a strip of paper coated with a sticky, often poisonous, substance that catches and kills flies that land on it”)


mada

madowy (adjective)
mada (nominative singular)
mady (nominative plural)
mady (genitive singular)
mad (genitive plural)
madzie (dative singular)
madom (dative plural)
madę (accusative singular)
mady (accusative plural)
madą (instrumental singular)
madami (instrumental plural)
madzie (locative singular)
madach (locative plural)
mado (singular vocative)
mady (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from German Mud, from Middle Low German mudde. Per Trubachyov inherited from Proto-Slavic *mada, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-.

(colloquial, rail transport) mixture of wet leaves or other materials and substances of natural origin deposited on railway or tram rails, which makes the track surface very slippery


deska

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska. Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).

(derogatory, slang) ironing board (flat-chested woman)


beton

beton (nominative singular)
betony (nominative plural)
betonu (genitive singular)
betonów (genitive plural)
betonowi (dative singular)
betonom (dative plural)
beton (accusative singular)
betony (accusative plural)
betonem (instrumental singular)
betonami (instrumental plural)
betonie (locative singular)
betonach (locative plural)
betonie (singular vocative)
betony (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare French béton, ultimately from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitum.

beton komórkowy

warstwa betonu

wylewać/wylać beton

wylewać/wylać/zalewać/zalać betonem

concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)

(colloquial, derogatory) stick in the mud, old fogey (a person or organization who is slow, old-fashioned, or unprogressive)


celta

celta (nominative singular)
celty (nominative plural)
celty (genitive singular)
celt (genitive plural)
celcie (dative singular)
celtom (dative plural)
celtę (accusative singular)
celty (accusative plural)
celtą (instrumental singular)
celtami (instrumental plural)
celcie (locative singular)
celtach (locative plural)
celto (singular vocative)
celty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zelt. Compare Silesian celt.


mira

mira (nominative singular)
miry (nominative plural)
miry (genitive singular)
mir (genitive plural)
mirze (dative singular)
mirom (dative plural)
mirę (accusative singular)
miry (accusative plural)
mirą (instrumental singular)
mirami (instrumental plural)
mirze (locative singular)
mirach (locative plural)
miro (singular vocative)
miry (plural vocative)

(astronomy, geodesy) reference point for azimuth measurements


koc

kocyk (diminutive)
koc (nominative singular)
koce (nominative plural)
koca (genitive singular)
koców (genitive plural)
kocy (genitive plural)
kocowi (dative singular)
kocom (dative plural)
koc (accusative singular)
koce (accusative plural)
kocem (instrumental singular)
kocami (instrumental plural)
kocu (locative singular)
kocach (locative plural)
kocu (singular vocative)
koce (plural vocative)

(fishing) nets made of reed mats used for betting and ice fishing


duran

duran (nominative singular)
durany (nominative plural)
duranu (genitive singular)
duranów (genitive plural)
duranowi (dative singular)
duranom (dative plural)
duran (accusative singular)
durany (accusative plural)
duranem (instrumental singular)
duranami (instrumental plural)
duranie (locative singular)
duranach (locative plural)
duranie (singular vocative)
durany (plural vocative)

very resistant glass (usually borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass)


moleskin

moleskin m inan (related adjective moleskinowy)

moleskinowy (adjective)
moleskin (nominative singular)
moleskiny (nominative plural)
moleskinu (genitive singular)
moleskinów (genitive plural)
moleskinowi (dative singular)
moleskinom (dative plural)
moleskin (accusative singular)
moleskiny (accusative plural)
moleskinem (instrumental singular)
moleskinami (instrumental plural)
moleskinie (locative singular)
moleskinach (locative plural)
moleskinie (singular vocative)
moleskiny (plural vocative)


porcelana

porcelana f (related adjective porcelanowy)

porcelanowy (adjective)
porcelana (nominative singular)
porcelany (genitive singular)
porcelanie (dative singular)
porcelanę (accusative singular)
porcelaną (instrumental singular)
porcelanie (locative singular)
porcelano (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin porcellāna.


pociąg

pociąg m inan (related adjective pociągowy)

pociągowy (adjective)
pociąg (nominative singular)
pociągi (nominative plural)
pociągu (genitive singular)
pociągów (genitive plural)
pociągowi (dative singular)
pociągom (dative plural)
pociąg (accusative singular)
pociągi (accusative plural)
pociągiem (instrumental singular)
pociągami (instrumental plural)
pociągu (locative singular)
pociągach (locative plural)
pociągu (singular vocative)
pociągi (plural vocative)

/ˈpɔ.t͡ɕɔŋk/

Deverbal from pociągać. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French train, English train, and German Zug. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from French inclination. First attested in 1550.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(Middle Polish, construction) traverse holding up a wooden construction

(Middle Polish, sailing) sail (piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along; the sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars, and ropes)


purpura

purpura (nominative singular)
purpury (genitive singular)
purpurze (dative singular)
purpurę (accusative singular)
purpurą (instrumental singular)
purpurze (locative singular)
purpuro (singular vocative)


kalka

kalka (nominative singular)
kalki (nominative plural)
kalki (genitive singular)
kalk (genitive plural)
kalek (genitive plural)
kalce (dative singular)
kalkom (dative plural)
kalkę (accusative singular)
kalki (accusative plural)
kalką (instrumental singular)
kalkami (instrumental plural)
kalce (locative singular)
kalkach (locative plural)
kalko (singular vocative)
kalki (plural vocative)

carbonless copy paper
carbonless copy paper


karton

kartonik (diminutive)
karton (nominative singular)
kartony (nominative plural)
kartonu (genitive singular)
kartonów (genitive plural)
kartonowi (dative singular)
kartonom (dative plural)
karton (accusative singular)
kartony (accusative plural)
kartonem (instrumental singular)
kartonami (instrumental plural)
kartonie (locative singular)
kartonach (locative plural)
kartonie (singular vocative)
kartony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French carton, from Italian cartone.

cardboard, paperboard (heavy duty paper)


amoniak

pl-noun

amoniak m inan (related adjective amoniakalny or amoniakowyn)

amoniakalny (adjective)
amoniakowyn (adjective)
amoniak (nominative singular)
amoniaku (genitive singular)
amoniakowi (dative singular)
amoniak (accusative singular)
amoniakiem (instrumental singular)
amoniaku (locative singular)
amoniaku (singular vocative)


barchan

barchan m inan (related adjective barchanowy)

barchanowy (adjective)
barchan (nominative singular)
barchany (nominative plural)
barchanu (genitive singular)
barchanów (genitive plural)
barchanowi (dative singular)
barchanom (dative plural)
barchan (accusative singular)
barchany (accusative plural)
barchanem (instrumental singular)
barchanami (instrumental plural)
barchanie (locative singular)
barchanach (locative plural)
barchanie (singular vocative)
barchany (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: barchón


brezent

brezent (nominative singular)
brezenty (nominative plural)
brezentu (genitive singular)
brezentów (genitive plural)
brezentowi (dative singular)
brezentom (dative plural)
brezent (accusative singular)
brezenty (accusative plural)
brezentem (instrumental singular)
brezentami (instrumental plural)
brezencie (locative singular)
brezentach (locative plural)
brezencie (singular vocative)
brezenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian брезе́нт (brezént), from Dutch presenning.

bor+

tarpaulin (heavy, waterproof sheet of material)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Bulgarian: карта (karta)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


makulatura

makulatura (nominative singular)
makulatury (nominative plural)
makulatury (genitive singular)
makulatur (genitive plural)
makulaturze (dative singular)
makulaturom (dative plural)
makulaturę (accusative singular)
makulatury (accusative plural)
makulaturą (instrumental singular)
makulaturami (instrumental plural)
makulaturze (locative singular)
makulaturach (locative plural)
makulaturo (singular vocative)
makulatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.


cerata

pl-noun

cerata f (diminutive ceratka, related adjective ceratowy)

ceratka (diminutive)
ceratowy (adjective)
cerata (nominative singular)
ceraty (nominative plural)
ceraty (genitive singular)
cerat (genitive plural)
ceracie (dative singular)
ceratom (dative plural)
ceratę (accusative singular)
ceraty (accusative plural)
ceratą (instrumental singular)
ceratami (instrumental plural)
ceracie (locative singular)
ceratach (locative plural)
cerato (singular vocative)
ceraty (plural vocative)

oilcloth (fabric or cloth treated on one side with a waterproof covering, especially one made from linseed oil; used for flooring, tablecloths, kitchen shelves, and sometimes furniture covering)


asfalt

asfalt (nominative singular)
asfaltu (genitive singular)
asfaltowi (dative singular)
asfalt (accusative singular)
asfaltem (instrumental singular)
asfalcie (locative singular)
asfalcie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French asphalte, from Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos).


bazalt

bazalt (nominative singular)
bazalty (nominative plural)
bazaltu (genitive singular)
bazaltów (genitive plural)
bazaltowi (dative singular)
bazaltom (dative plural)
bazalt (accusative singular)
bazalty (accusative plural)
bazaltem (instrumental singular)
bazaltami (instrumental plural)
bazalcie (locative singular)
bazaltach (locative plural)
bazalcie (singular vocative)
bazalty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French basalte, from Late Latin basaltēs.


alpaka

alpakowy (adjective)
alpaka (nominative singular)
alpaki (nominative plural)
alpaki (genitive singular)
alpak (genitive plural)
alpace (dative singular)
alpakom (dative plural)
alpakę (accusative singular)
alpaki (accusative plural)
alpaką (instrumental singular)
alpakami (instrumental plural)
alpace (locative singular)
alpakach (locative plural)
alpako (singular vocative)
alpaki (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: alpaka

Borrowed from Spanish alpaca. First attested in 1838.

ref

Johann Gottfried Herder (1838) Pomysły do filozofii dziejów rodzaju ludzkiego. T. 2 (in Polish), page 60

wełna alpaki

(countable) alpaca (garment made of such wool)

(uncountable) alpaca hair (textile made from alpaca hair)


alpaka

alpakowy (adjective)
alpaka (nominative singular)
alpaki (genitive singular)
alpace (dative singular)
alpakę (accusative singular)
alpaką (instrumental singular)
alpace (locative singular)
alpako (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Alpaka. First attested in 1855.

Czas (in Polish), number [R.8], № 187, 1855, page 4

(uncountable) alpacca, nickel silver (hard, corrosion-resistant alloy of copper, zinc, and nickel, used to make domestic silverware)


tuf

tuf (nominative singular)
tufy (nominative plural)
tufu (genitive singular)
tufów (genitive plural)
tufowi (dative singular)
tufom (dative plural)
tuf (accusative singular)
tufy (accusative plural)
tufem (instrumental singular)
tufami (instrumental plural)
tufie (locative singular)
tufach (locative plural)
tufie (singular vocative)
tufy (plural vocative)


cegła

pl-noun

cegła f (diminutive cegiełka, related adjective ceglany)

cegiełka (diminutive)
ceglany (adjective)
cegła (nominative singular)
cegły (nominative plural)
cegły (genitive singular)
cegieł (genitive plural)
cegle (dative singular)
cegłom (dative plural)
cegłę (accusative singular)
cegły (accusative plural)
cegłą (instrumental singular)
cegłami (instrumental plural)
cegle (locative singular)
cegłach (locative plural)
cegło (singular vocative)
cegły (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: цэ́гла (céhla)

→ Ukrainian: це́гла (céhla)

Borrowed from Middle High German ziegel, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ, from Latin tēgula.

(derogatory, figurative) thick and uninteresting book


gnejs

gnejs (nominative singular)
gnejsy (nominative plural)
gnejsu (genitive singular)
gnejsów (genitive plural)
gnejsowi (dative singular)
gnejsom (dative plural)
gnejs (accusative singular)
gnejsy (accusative plural)
gnejsem (instrumental singular)
gnejsami (instrumental plural)
gnejsie (locative singular)
gnejsach (locative plural)
gnejsie (singular vocative)
gnejsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Gneis, from Middle High German gneist, from Old High German gneisto, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô, from *ga- + *hnaistô.


drewno

drewno (nominative singular)
drewna (nominative plural)
drewna (genitive singular)
drewien (genitive plural)
drewnu (dative singular)
drewnom (dative plural)
drewno (accusative singular)
drewna (accusative plural)
drewnem (instrumental singular)
drewnami (instrumental plural)
drewnie (locative singular)
drewnach (locative plural)
drewno (singular vocative)
drewna (plural vocative)

(singular only) wood (substance, timber)

(colloquial, derogatory) someone very poor at dancing, acting, etc.


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

inh+

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


betonit

betonit (nominative singular)
betonity (nominative plural)
betonitu (genitive singular)
betonitów (genitive plural)
betonitowi (dative singular)
betonitom (dative plural)
betonit (accusative singular)
betonity (accusative plural)
betonitem (instrumental singular)
betonitami (instrumental plural)
betonicie (locative singular)
betonitach (locative plural)
betonicie (singular vocative)
betonity (plural vocative)


sztuka

pl-noun

sztuka f (diminutive sztuczka, abbreviation szt.)

sztuczka (diminutive)
szt. (abbreviation)
sztuka (nominative singular)
sztuki (nominative plural)
sztuki (genitive singular)
sztuk (genitive plural)
sztuce (dative singular)
sztukom (dative plural)
sztukę (accusative singular)
sztuki (accusative plural)
sztuką (instrumental singular)
sztukami (instrumental plural)
sztuce (locative singular)
sztukach (locative plural)
sztuko (singular vocative)
sztuki (plural vocative)

→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)

Inherited from Old Polish sztuka. Sense 1 was derived from sense 12. Doublet of stiuk.

(archaic) specific quantity of fabric sold as a whole


mirra

mirra (nominative singular)
mirry (genitive singular)
mirze (dative singular)
mirrę (accusative singular)
mirrą (instrumental singular)
mirze (locative singular)
mirro (singular vocative)

Commiphora myrrha
Commiphora myrrha#Translingual

myrrh (red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense, or medicine)


szkło

szkło (nominative singular)
szkła (nominative plural)
szkła (genitive singular)
szkieł (genitive plural)
szkłu (dative singular)
szkłom (dative plural)
szkło (accusative singular)
szkła (accusative plural)
szkłem (instrumental singular)
szkłami (instrumental plural)
szkle (locative singular)
szkłach (locative plural)
szkło (singular vocative)
szkła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish śćkło, from Proto-Slavic *stьklo.


piasek

piasek m inan (diminutive piaseczek, augmentative piach)

piaseczek (diminutive)
piach (augmentative)
piasek (nominative singular)
piasku (genitive singular)
piaskowi (dative singular)
piasek (accusative singular)
piaskiem (instrumental singular)
piasku (locative singular)
piasku (singular vocative)


kamień

kamień m inan (diminutive kamyk, augmentative kamor)

kamyk (diminutive)
kamor (augmentative)
kamień (nominative singular)
kamienie (nominative plural)
kamienia (genitive singular)
kamieni (genitive plural)
kamieniowi (dative singular)
kamieniom (dative plural)
kamień (accusative singular)
kamienie (accusative plural)
kamieniem (instrumental singular)
kamieniami (instrumental plural)
kamieniu (locative singular)
kamieniach (locative plural)
kamieniu (singular vocative)
kamienie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kamień. Compare Latvian akmens, Lithuanian akmuo, Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman).


skała

skałka (diminutive)
skała (nominative singular)
skały (nominative plural)
skały (genitive singular)
skał (genitive plural)
skale (dative singular)
skałom (dative plural)
skałę (accusative singular)
skały (accusative plural)
skałą (instrumental singular)
skałami (instrumental plural)
skale (locative singular)
skałach (locative plural)
skało (singular vocative)
skały (plural vocative)


łasica

łasiczka (diminutive)
łasica (nominative singular)
łasice (nominative plural)
łasicy (genitive singular)
łasic (genitive plural)
łasicy (dative singular)
łasicom (dative plural)
łasicę (accusative singular)
łasice (accusative plural)
łasicą (instrumental singular)
łasicami (instrumental plural)
łasicy (locative singular)
łasicach (locative plural)
łasico (singular vocative)
łasice (plural vocative)

Mustela nivalis
Mustela nivalis#Translingual


żagiel

żagiel m inan (related adjective żaglowy)

żaglowy (adjective)
żagiel (nominative singular)
żagle (nominative plural)
żagla (genitive singular)
żagli (genitive plural)
żaglowi (dative singular)
żaglom (dative plural)
żagiel (accusative singular)
żagle (accusative plural)
żaglem (instrumental singular)
żaglami (instrumental plural)
żaglu (locative singular)
żaglach (locative plural)
żaglu (singular vocative)
żagle (plural vocative)

(sailing) sail (piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along; it may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars, and ropes)


chwast

chwast (nominative singular)
chwasty (nominative plural)
chwastu (genitive singular)
chwastów (genitive plural)
chwastowi (dative singular)
chwastom (dative plural)
chwast (accusative singular)
chwasty (accusative plural)
chwastem (instrumental singular)
chwastami (instrumental plural)
chwaście (locative singular)
chwastach (locative plural)
chwaście (singular vocative)
chwasty (plural vocative)

Most probably from Proto-Slavic *xvastъ (“catchy plant”), from *xvatati (“to grab”). Doublet of chaszcze and chrust.


sorok

sorok (nominative singular)
soroki (nominative plural)
soroka (genitive singular)
soroków (genitive plural)
sorokowi (dative singular)
sorokom (dative plural)
sorok (accusative singular)
soroki (accusative plural)
sorokiem (instrumental singular)
sorokami (instrumental plural)
soroku (locative singular)
sorokach (locative plural)
soroku (singular vocative)
soroki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish sorok, from Old East Slavic сорокъ (sorokŭ).


gazeta

gazeta f (diminutive gazetka, augmentative gazecidło or gazecisko, related adjective gazetowy)

gazetka (diminutive)
gazecidło (augmentative)
gazecisko (augmentative)
gazetowy (adjective)
gazeta (nominative singular)
gazety (nominative plural)
gazety (genitive singular)
gazet (genitive plural)
gazecie (dative singular)
gazetom (dative plural)
gazetę (accusative singular)
gazety (accusative plural)
gazetą (instrumental singular)
gazetami (instrumental plural)
gazecie (locative singular)
gazetach (locative plural)
gazeto (singular vocative)
gazety (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: gazéta

Borrowed from French gazette. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian gazyta.

ref

“GAZETA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 12.04.2023

(publishing) newspaper (publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles)

newspaper (editing team of such a publication)

newspaper (building where such a publication is headquarted)

newspaper (those working for such a publication)

newspaper (single edition of such a publication)

(publishing) newspaper, newsprint (paper on which newspapers are printed)


skóra

skórka (diminutive)
skóra (nominative singular)
skóry (nominative plural)
skóry (genitive singular)
skór (genitive plural)
skórze (dative singular)
skórom (dative plural)
skórę (accusative singular)
skóry (accusative plural)
skórą (instrumental singular)
skórami (instrumental plural)
skórze (locative singular)
skórach (locative plural)
skóro (singular vocative)
skóry (plural vocative)

→ Russian: шку́ра (škúra)

→ Ukrainian: шку́ра (škúra)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skora. Compare Umbrian 𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌖 (karu), Latin corium, Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman). Doublet of kora, szer, and szkier.

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Synonym of kora (“tree bark”)


laka

laka (nominative singular)
laki (nominative plural)
laki (genitive singular)
lak (genitive plural)
lace (dative singular)
lakom (dative plural)
lakę (accusative singular)
laki (accusative plural)
laką (instrumental singular)
lakami (instrumental plural)
lace (locative singular)
lakach (locative plural)
lako (singular vocative)
laki (plural vocative)


miech

mieszek (diminutive)
miech (nominative singular)
miechy (nominative plural)
miecha (genitive singular)
miechów (genitive plural)
miechowi (dative singular)
miechom (dative plural)
miech (accusative singular)
miechy (accusative plural)
miechem (instrumental singular)
miechami (instrumental plural)
miechu (locative singular)
miechach (locative plural)
miechu (singular vocative)
miechy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish miech, from Proto-Slavic *mě̑xъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *maišás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós (“ram, sheep, fleece, wool, sheepskin”).

inh

(obsolete) fur (hairy skin of an animal)


kanapka

kanapeczka (diminutive)
kanapka (nominative singular)
kanapki (nominative plural)
kanapki (genitive singular)
kanapek (genitive plural)
kanapce (dative singular)
kanapkom (dative plural)
kanapkę (accusative singular)
kanapki (accusative plural)
kanapką (instrumental singular)
kanapkami (instrumental plural)
kanapce (locative singular)
kanapkach (locative plural)
kanapko (singular vocative)
kanapki (plural vocative)


frotté

pl-adj

frotté (not comparable, no derived adverb)


jagnię

jagniątko (diminutive)
jagnię (nominative singular)
jagnięta (nominative plural)
jagnięcia (genitive singular)
jagniąt (genitive plural)
jagnięciu (dative singular)
jagniętom (dative plural)
jagnię (accusative singular)
jagnięta (accusative plural)
jagnięciem (instrumental singular)
jagniętami (instrumental plural)
jagnięciu (locative singular)
jagniętach (locative plural)
jagnię (singular vocative)
jagnięta (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)agnę, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷn-, the stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós.


krokodyl

pl-noun

krokodyl m animal (diminutive krokodylek, related adjective krokodyli or krokodylowy)

krokodylek (diminutive)
krokodyli (adjective)
krokodylowy (adjective)
krokodyl (nominative singular)
krokodyle (nominative plural)
krokodyla (genitive singular)
krokodyli (genitive plural)
krokodylowi (dative singular)
krokodylom (dative plural)
krokodyla (accusative singular)
krokodyle (accusative plural)
krokodylem (instrumental singular)
krokodylami (instrumental plural)
krokodylu (locative singular)
krokodylach (locative plural)
krokodylu (singular vocative)
krokodyle (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin crocodīlus.

(colloquial, electronics) component used to connect electrical wires, consisting of two unraveling parts that are clamped on the part of the device that is connected to electricity


królik

królik m animal (female equivalent królica, diminutive króliczek, augmentative królisko, related adjective króliczy or królikowy)

królica (feminine)
króliczek (diminutive)
królisko (augmentative)
króliczy (adjective)
królikowy (adjective)
królik (nominative singular)
króliki (nominative plural)
królika (genitive singular)
królików (genitive plural)
królikowi (dative singular)
królikom (dative plural)
królika (accusative singular)
króliki (accusative plural)
królikiem (instrumental singular)
królikami (instrumental plural)
króliku (locative singular)
królikach (locative plural)
króliku (singular vocative)
króliki (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: кро́ликъ (królik)
Belarusian: кро́лік (królik)
⇒ Belarusian: кроль (krolʹ), крыль (krylʹ) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: кро́лик (królyk)
⇒ Ukrainian: кріль (krilʹ); кроль (krolʹ) (dialectal)
→? Middle Russian: кро́ликъ (królik) (17ᵗʰ c.)
Russian: кро́лик (królik)
→ Bezhta: королик (korolik)
→ Ingrian: kroolikka
→ Karelian:
South Karelian: krollikka
→ Latvian: kraliņš

desc

→ Yiddish: קראָליק (krolik), קרוליק (krulik)

→? Yiddish: קיניגל (kinigl) (calque)

From król + -ik. Calque of Middle High German küniklīn, küniglin, künlin, from a folk etymological interpretation of Old French connil. Compare Czech králík, Lower Sorbian kralik, Slovak králik.

cal

Czarno-biały królik błąkał się przed blokiem na zaśnieżonej trawie na łódzkim Widzewie. Pomogli dwaj chłopcy, którzy zadzwonili po Animal Patrol. „Wielkie brawa” – mówią strażnicy miejscy.

2024 January 19, Joanna Chrzanowska, “Królik przed blokiem na osiedlu. Uratowali go dwaj chłopcy”, in tulodz.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25:

A black and white rabbit was wandering in front of a block of flats on the snowy grass in Lodz's Widzew district. Two boys who called Animal Patrol came to the rescue. “A big round of applause for the boys,” say city guards.

rabbit, cony (any mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs, and a short, fluffy tail)


nić

nitka (diminutive)
nić (nominative singular)
nici (nominative plural)
nici (genitive singular)
nici (genitive plural)
nici (dative singular)
niciom (dative plural)
nić (accusative singular)
nici (accusative plural)
nicią (instrumental singular)
nićmi (instrumental plural)
nici (locative singular)
niciach (locative plural)
nici (singular vocative)
nici (plural vocative)

thread (long, thin and flexible form of material)


wątek

wątek (nominative singular)
wątki (nominative plural)
wątku (genitive singular)
wątków (genitive plural)
wątkowi (dative singular)
wątkom (dative plural)
wątek (accusative singular)
wątki (accusative plural)
wątkiem (instrumental singular)
wątkami (instrumental plural)
wątku (locative singular)
wątkach (locative plural)
wątku (singular vocative)
wątki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wątek, from Proto-Slavic *ǫtъkъ.

Coordinate term: osnowa

(construction) brickwork (structure made of brick)


wełna

wełna (nominative singular)
wełny (nominative plural)
wełny (genitive singular)
wełen (genitive plural)
wełnie (dative singular)
wełnom (dative plural)
wełnę (accusative singular)
wełny (accusative plural)
wełną (instrumental singular)
wełnami (instrumental plural)
wełnie (locative singular)
wełnach (locative plural)
wełno (singular vocative)
wełny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wełna, from Proto-Slavic *vьlna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Doublet of flanela and lanugo. Compare English wool, French laine, German Wolle, Italian lana, Spanish lana.


dżersej

dżersej (nominative singular)
dżerseje (nominative plural)
dżerseju (genitive singular)
dżersejów (genitive plural)
dżersei (genitive plural)
dżersejowi (dative singular)
dżersejom (dative plural)
dżersej (accusative singular)
dżerseje (accusative plural)
dżersejem (instrumental singular)
dżersejami (instrumental plural)
dżerseju (locative singular)
dżersejach (locative plural)
dżerseju (singular vocative)
dżerseje (plural vocative)


abaka

abaka (nominative singular)
abaki (nominative plural)
abaki (genitive singular)
abak (genitive plural)
abace (dative singular)
abakom (dative plural)
abakę (accusative singular)
abaki (accusative plural)
abaką (instrumental singular)
abakami (instrumental plural)
abace (locative singular)
abakach (locative plural)
abako (singular vocative)
abaki (plural vocative)


alpaga

alpaga (nominative singular)
alpagi (nominative plural)
alpagi (genitive singular)
alpag (genitive plural)
alpadze (dative singular)
alpagom (dative plural)
alpagę (accusative singular)
alpagi (accusative plural)
alpagą (instrumental singular)
alpagami (instrumental plural)
alpadze (locative singular)
alpagach (locative plural)
alpago (singular vocative)
alpagi (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to alpaka (“alpaca”), or more likely related to alpaka (“nickel silver”) with a semantic shift of metal imitating silver > imitation > imitation wine. First attested in the late 20th century.

ref

Perfect (lyrics and music) (1982) “Autobiografia”, in Unu

pić alpagę


tapet

(Central Greater Poland) Synonym of obicie


dywan

pl-noun

dywan m inan (diminutive dywanik, related adjective dywanowy)

dywanik (diminutive)
dywanowy (adjective)

latający dywan

carpet, rug (fabric used as a floor covering)

(government, historical, Islam) divan (Muslim council of state)

(government, historical, Islam) divan (council viziers of the Ottoman Empire that discussed and recommended new laws and law changes to a higher authority (the sultan))


dywan

dywan (nominative singular)
dywany (nominative plural)
dywanu (genitive singular)
dywanów (genitive plural)
dywanowi (dative singular)
dywanom (dative plural)
dywan (accusative singular)
dywany (accusative plural)
dywanem (instrumental singular)
dywanami (instrumental plural)
dywanie (locative singular)
dywanach (locative plural)
dywanie (singular vocative)
dywany (plural vocative)

(poetry) divan, diwan (collection of poems by one author, usually excluding his or her long poems (mathnawī))


azbest

azbest (nominative singular)
azbestu (genitive singular)
azbestowi (dative singular)
azbest (accusative singular)
azbestem (instrumental singular)
azbeście (locative singular)
azbeście (singular vocative)

azbest chryzotylowy


kipa

kipa (nominative singular)
kipy (nominative plural)
kipy (genitive singular)
kip (genitive plural)
kipie (dative singular)
kipom (dative plural)
kipę (accusative singular)
kipy (accusative plural)
kipą (instrumental singular)
kipami (instrumental plural)
kipie (locative singular)
kipach (locative plural)
kipo (singular vocative)
kipy (plural vocative)

(textiles) dye vat (tank formerly used in the process of dyeing fabric)


chodnik

chodnik m inan (diminutive chodniczek, related adjective chodnikowy)

chodniczek (diminutive)
chodnikowy (adjective)
chodnik (nominative singular)
chodniki (nominative plural)
chodnika (genitive singular)
chodników (genitive plural)
chodnikowi (dative singular)
chodnikom (dative plural)
chodnik (accusative singular)
chodniki (accusative plural)
chodnikiem (instrumental singular)
chodnikami (instrumental plural)
chodniku (locative singular)
chodnikach (locative plural)
chodniku (singular vocative)
chodniki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish chodnik. By surface analysis, chód + -nik.

(mining) stulm; gallery (underground passage in a mine)

walkway, passage; footpath
(Middle Polish) garden path


bawełna

bawełna f (related adjective bawełniany)

bawełniany (adjective)
bawełna (nominative singular)
bawełny (genitive singular)
bawełnie (dative singular)
bawełnę (accusative singular)
bawełną (instrumental singular)
bawełnie (locative singular)
bawełno (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: баво́ўна (bavóŭna)

→ Kashubian: bawôłna


blacha

blaszka (diminutive)
blacha (nominative singular)
blachy (nominative plural)
blachy (genitive singular)
blach (genitive plural)
blasze (dative singular)
blachom (dative plural)
blachę (accusative singular)
blachy (accusative plural)
blachą (instrumental singular)
blachami (instrumental plural)
blasze (locative singular)
blachach (locative plural)
blacho (singular vocative)
blachy (plural vocative)

→ Russian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

→ Ukrainian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

Inherited from Old Polish blacha, from Middle High German blëch.

falista/karbowana blacha

aluminiowa blacha

ocynkowana blacha

blacha cynkowa

arkusz blachy

kawałek blachy

dach z blachy

ogrodzenie z blachy

wiata z blachy

wygiąć blachę

kryć/pokryć coś blachą

sheet metal (metal worked into a thin, flat sheet, used widely as construction material and raw material for a multitude of industrial products; it is thicker than foil and thinner than plate)

rozpalona blacha

blacha pieca

gotować coś na blasze

postawić coś na blasze

blacha do pieczenia

nasmarować/wysmarować blachę masłem/tłuszczem

to grease a baking sheet with butter/fat

piec na blasze

ułożyć coś na blasze

białe blachy

czarne blachy

nowe blachy

stare blachy

auto/pojazd/samochód na zagranicznych blachach


czesać

Inherited from Old Polish czosać, from Proto-Slavic *česàti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *késtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kes-/*kos-yé-ti, yé-fientive of *kes- (“to scrape, comb”).

(reflexive with się, colloquial) to get one's hair styled


biskwit

biskwit (nominative singular)
biskwity (nominative plural)
biskwitu (genitive singular)
biskwitów (genitive plural)
biskwitowi (dative singular)
biskwitom (dative plural)
biskwit (accusative singular)
biskwity (accusative plural)
biskwitem (instrumental singular)
biskwitami (instrumental plural)
biskwicie (locative singular)
biskwitach (locative plural)
biskwicie (singular vocative)
biskwity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French biscuit. First attested in 1821. Doublet of biszkopt.

(ceramics) bisque, biscuit (form of unglazed earthenware)


żywica

żywica (nominative singular)
żywice (nominative plural)
żywicy (genitive singular)
żywic (genitive plural)
żywicy (dative singular)
żywicom (dative plural)
żywicę (accusative singular)
żywice (accusative plural)
żywicą (instrumental singular)
żywicami (instrumental plural)
żywicy (locative singular)
żywicach (locative plural)
żywico (singular vocative)
żywice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *živica, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃i-u-.


tkanka

tkankowy (adjective)
tkanka (nominative singular)
tkanki (nominative plural)
tkanki (genitive singular)
tkanek (genitive plural)
tkance (dative singular)
tkankom (dative plural)
tkankę (accusative singular)
tkanki (accusative plural)
tkanką (instrumental singular)
tkankami (instrumental plural)
tkance (locative singular)
tkankach (locative plural)
tkanko (singular vocative)
tkanki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tkanka. By surface analysis, tkać + -anka.

(countable, biology) tissue (group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job)


trzcina

trzcina f (diminutive trzcinka, augmentative trzcinisko)

trzcinka (diminutive)
trzcinisko (augmentative)
trzcina (nominative singular)
trzciny (nominative plural)
trzciny (genitive singular)
trzcin (genitive plural)
trzcinie (dative singular)
trzcinom (dative plural)
trzcinę (accusative singular)
trzciny (accusative plural)
trzciną (instrumental singular)
trzcinami (instrumental plural)
trzcinie (locative singular)
trzcinach (locative plural)
trzcino (singular vocative)
trzciny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trъstina, from *trъstь + *-ina. By surface analysis, treść + -ina.

reed (hollow stem of these plants used as a material for making furniture and mats)

(ecology) cane brake, reed bed (reed thickets)

reed cane formerly used as an instrument of punishment


marmur

marmurek (diminutive)
marmur (nominative singular)
marmury (nominative plural)
marmuru (genitive singular)
marmurów (genitive plural)
marmurowi (dative singular)
marmurom (dative plural)
marmur (accusative singular)
marmury (accusative plural)
marmurem (instrumental singular)
marmurami (instrumental plural)
marmurze (locative singular)
marmurach (locative plural)
marmurze (singular vocative)
marmury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros).


wapień

wapień (nominative singular)
wapienie (nominative plural)
wapienia (genitive singular)
wapieni (genitive plural)
wapieniowi (dative singular)
wapieniom (dative plural)
wapień (accusative singular)
wapienie (accusative plural)
wapieniem (instrumental singular)
wapieniami (instrumental plural)
wapieniu (locative singular)
wapieniach (locative plural)
wapieniu (singular vocative)
wapienie (plural vocative)


tchórz

tchórz (nominative singular)
tchórze (nominative plural)
tchórza (genitive singular)
tchórzy (genitive plural)
tchórzowi (dative singular)
tchórzom (dative plural)
tchórza (accusative singular)
tchórze (accusative plural)
tchórzem (instrumental singular)
tchórzami (instrumental plural)
tchórzu (locative singular)
tchórzach (locative plural)
tchórzu (singular vocative)
tchórze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tchórz, from Proto-Slavic *dъxorь.

Mustela putorius
Mustela putorius#Translingual


pasek

paseczek (diminutive)
pasek (nominative singular)
paski (nominative plural)
paska (genitive singular)
pasków (genitive plural)
paskowi (dative singular)
paskom (dative plural)
pasek (accusative singular)
paski (accusative plural)
paskiem (instrumental singular)
paskami (instrumental plural)
pasku (locative singular)
paskach (locative plural)
pasku (singular vocative)
paski (plural vocative)

(in the plural, colloquial) fabric with this pattern


futro

futerko (diminutive)
futro (nominative singular)
futra (nominative plural)
futra (genitive singular)
futer (genitive plural)
futru (dative singular)
futrom (dative plural)
futro (accusative singular)
futra (accusative plural)
futrem (instrumental singular)
futrami (instrumental plural)
futrze (locative singular)
futrach (locative plural)
futro (singular vocative)
futra (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: фу́тра (fútra)

desc

→ Ukrainian: ху́тро (xútro), фу́тро (fútro)

Borrowed from German Futter. Doublet of futer.

fur (hairy coat of various mammal species)

fur (hairy skin of an animal processed into clothing for humans)


ręcznik

ręczniczek (diminutive)
ręcznik (nominative singular)
ręczniki (nominative plural)
ręcznika (genitive singular)
ręczników (genitive plural)
ręcznikowi (dative singular)
ręcznikom (dative plural)
ręcznik (accusative singular)
ręczniki (accusative plural)
ręcznikiem (instrumental singular)
ręcznikami (instrumental plural)
ręczniku (locative singular)
ręcznikach (locative plural)
ręczniku (singular vocative)
ręczniki (plural vocative)

ręcznik papierowy


główka

główeczka (diminutive)
główka (nominative singular)
główki (nominative plural)
główki (genitive singular)
główek (genitive plural)
główce (dative singular)
główkom (dative plural)
główkę (accusative singular)
główki (accusative plural)
główką (instrumental singular)
główkami (instrumental plural)
główce (locative singular)
główkach (locative plural)
główko (singular vocative)
główki (plural vocative)


wycieraczka

wycieraczka (nominative singular)
wycieraczki (nominative plural)
wycieraczki (genitive singular)
wycieraczek (genitive plural)
wycieraczce (dative singular)
wycieraczkom (dative plural)
wycieraczkę (accusative singular)
wycieraczki (accusative plural)
wycieraczką (instrumental singular)
wycieraczkami (instrumental plural)
wycieraczce (locative singular)
wycieraczkach (locative plural)
wycieraczko (singular vocative)
wycieraczki (plural vocative)


szyba

pl-noun

szyba f (diminutive szybka, related adjective szybowy)

szybka (diminutive)
szybowy (adjective)
szyba (nominative singular)
szyby (nominative plural)
szyby (genitive singular)
szyb (genitive plural)
szybie (dative singular)
szybom (dative plural)
szybę (accusative singular)
szyby (accusative plural)
szybą (instrumental singular)
szybami (instrumental plural)
szybie (locative singular)
szybach (locative plural)
szybo (singular vocative)
szyby (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: ши́ба (šýba)

Borrowed from German Scheibe. Doublet of skiba, szajba, and szyb.

(architecture) pane, windowpane, plate glass, flat glass, sheet glass (individual sheet of glass in a window, door, windshields, etc.)


szklany

pl-adj

szklany (not comparable, no derived adverb)

szklany (masculine nominative singular)
szklana (feminine nominative singular)
szklane (neuter nominative singular)
szklani (nominative plural virile)
szklane (nominative plural)
szklanego (genitive masculine singular)
szklanej (feminine genitive singular)
szklanego (genitive neuter singular)
szklanych (genitive plural)
szklanych (genitive plural virile)
szklanemu (dative masculine singular)
szklanej (dative feminine singular)
szklanemu (dative neuter singular)
szklanym (dative plural)
szklanym (dative plural virile)
szklanego (accusative animate masculine singular)
szklany (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
szklaną (accusative feminine singular)
szklane (accusative neuter singular)
szklanych (accusative plural virile)
szklane (accusative plural)
szklanym (instrumental masculine singular)
szklaną (feminine instrumental singular)
szklanym (instrumental neuter singular)
szklanymi (instrumental plural)
szklanymi (instrumental plural virile)
szklanym (locative masculine singular)
szklanej (feminine locative singular)
szklanym (locative neuter singular)
szklanych (locative plural)
szklanych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stьklěnъ. By surface analysis, szkło + -any.


zeszyt

pl-noun

zeszyt m inan (diminutive zeszycik, abbreviation z.)

zeszycik (diminutive)
z. (abbreviation)
zeszyt (nominative singular)
zeszyty (nominative plural)
zeszytu (genitive singular)
zeszytów (genitive plural)
zeszytowi (dative singular)
zeszytom (dative plural)
zeszyt (accusative singular)
zeszyty (accusative plural)
zeszytem (instrumental singular)
zeszytami (instrumental plural)
zeszycie (locative singular)
zeszytach (locative plural)
zeszycie (singular vocative)
zeszyty (plural vocative)

Deverbal from zeszyć (“to tie together”).


skórzany

pl-adj

skórzany (not comparable, no derived adverb)

skórzany (masculine nominative singular)
skórzana (feminine nominative singular)
skórzane (neuter nominative singular)
skórzani (nominative plural virile)
skórzane (nominative plural)
skórzanego (genitive masculine singular)
skórzanej (feminine genitive singular)
skórzanego (genitive neuter singular)
skórzanych (genitive plural)
skórzanych (genitive plural virile)
skórzanemu (dative masculine singular)
skórzanej (dative feminine singular)
skórzanemu (dative neuter singular)
skórzanym (dative plural)
skórzanym (dative plural virile)
skórzanego (accusative animate masculine singular)
skórzany (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
skórzaną (accusative feminine singular)
skórzane (accusative neuter singular)
skórzanych (accusative plural virile)
skórzane (accusative plural)
skórzanym (instrumental masculine singular)
skórzaną (feminine instrumental singular)
skórzanym (instrumental neuter singular)
skórzanymi (instrumental plural)
skórzanymi (instrumental plural virile)
skórzanym (locative masculine singular)
skórzanej (feminine locative singular)
skórzanym (locative neuter singular)
skórzanych (locative plural)
skórzanych (locative plural virile)


torf

torf (nominative singular)
torfu (genitive singular)
torfowi (dative singular)
torf (accusative singular)
torfem (instrumental singular)
torfie (locative singular)
torfie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.


belka

pl-noun

belka f (diminutive beleczka, augmentative bela, related adjective belkowy)

beleczka (diminutive)
bela (augmentative)
belkowy (adjective)
belka (nominative singular)
belki (nominative plural)
belki (genitive singular)
belek (genitive plural)
belce (dative singular)
belkom (dative plural)
belkę (accusative singular)
belki (accusative plural)
belką (instrumental singular)
belkami (instrumental plural)
belce (locative singular)
belkach (locative plural)
belko (singular vocative)
belki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Proto-West Germanic *balkō
Old High German balko
Middle High German balkebor.
Old Polish balka
Polish belka
Inherited from Old Polish balka, with an unexpected shift of a > e first occurring in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian balka and Slovincian balka.

etymon

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(Middle Polish) construction element of a stringed instrument


zefir

pl-noun

zefir m inan (diminutive zefirek, related adjective zefirowy or zefiryczny)

zefirek (diminutive)
zefirowy (adjective)
zefiryczny (adjective)
zefir (nominative singular)
zefiry (nominative plural)
zefiru (genitive singular)
zefirów (genitive plural)
zefirowi (dative singular)
zefirom (dative plural)
zefir (accusative singular)
zefiry (accusative plural)
zefirem (instrumental singular)
zefirami (instrumental plural)
zefirze (locative singular)
zefirach (locative plural)
zefirze (singular vocative)
zefiry (plural vocative)

zephyr (light refreshing wind; a gentle breeze)

zephyr (thing of fine, soft, or light quality, especially fabric)


przędza

przędza (nominative singular)
przędze (nominative plural)
przędzy (genitive singular)
przędz (genitive plural)
przędzy (dative singular)
przędzom (dative plural)
przędzę (accusative singular)
przędze (accusative plural)
przędzą (instrumental singular)
przędzami (instrumental plural)
przędzy (locative singular)
przędzach (locative plural)
przędzo (singular vocative)
przędze (plural vocative)


kord

kordzik (diminutive)
kord (nominative singular)
kordy (nominative plural)
korda (genitive singular)
kordów (genitive plural)
kordowi (dative singular)
kordom (dative plural)
kord (accusative singular)
kordy (accusative plural)
kordem (instrumental singular)
kordami (instrumental plural)
kordzie (locative singular)
kordach (locative plural)
kordzie (singular vocative)
kordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian kard. Doublet of kard.

Bauernwehr (typical weapon of the common people in the Middle Ages and early modern times, which was particularly widespread in the 15th and 16th centuries)

(informal, nautical) cutlass (short sword with a curved blade, and a convex edge; once used by sailors when boarding an enemy ship)


kord

kordowy (adjective)
kord (nominative singular)
kordy (nominative plural)
kordu (genitive singular)
kordów (genitive plural)
kordowi (dative singular)
kordom (dative plural)
kord (accusative singular)
kordy (accusative plural)
kordem (instrumental singular)
kordami (instrumental plural)
kordzie (locative singular)
kordach (locative plural)
kordzie (singular vocative)
kordy (plural vocative)

cord (internal structure that reinforces the tyre of a vehicle, made of a layer of fibers or steel mesh)

cord (ribbed fabric used for clothing, especially work clothes)


kenaf

kenaf (nominative singular)
kenafy (nominative plural)
kenafu (genitive singular)
kenafów (genitive plural)
kenafowi (dative singular)
kenafom (dative plural)
kenaf (accusative singular)
kenafy (accusative plural)
kenafem (instrumental singular)
kenafami (instrumental plural)
kenafie (locative singular)
kenafach (locative plural)
kenafie (singular vocative)
kenafy (plural vocative)


plastik

plastik m inan (related adjective plastikowy)

plastikowy (adjective)
plastik (nominative singular)
plastiki (nominative plural)
plastiku (genitive singular)
plastików (genitive plural)
plastikowi (dative singular)
plastikom (dative plural)
plastik (accusative singular)
plastiki (accusative plural)
plastikiem (instrumental singular)
plastikami (instrumental plural)
plastiku (locative singular)
plastikach (locative plural)
plastiku (singular vocative)
plastiki (plural vocative)

(countable) plastic (synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting)


bękart

bękart m animal (related adjective bękarci)

bękarci (adjective)
bękart (nominative singular)
bękarci (nominative plural)
bękarty (nominative plural)
bękarta (genitive singular)
bękartów (genitive plural)
bękartowi (dative singular)
bękartom (dative plural)
bękarta (accusative singular)
bękartów (accusative plural)
bękarty (accusative plural)
bękartem (instrumental singular)
bękartami (instrumental plural)
bękarcie (locative singular)
bękartach (locative plural)
bękarcie (singular vocative)
bękarci (plural vocative)
bękarty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bękart. Compare Czech panchart.

(dated, derogatory) bastard (person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant)


światłowód

światłowód (nominative singular)
światłowody (nominative plural)
światłowodu (genitive singular)
światłowodów (genitive plural)
światłowodowi (dative singular)
światłowodom (dative plural)
światłowód (accusative singular)
światłowody (accusative plural)
światłowodem (instrumental singular)
światłowodami (instrumental plural)
światłowodzie (locative singular)
światłowodach (locative plural)
światłowodzie (singular vocative)
światłowody (plural vocative)


sukno

sukno (nominative singular)
sukna (nominative plural)
sukna (genitive singular)
sukien (genitive plural)
suknu (dative singular)
suknom (dative plural)
sukno (accusative singular)
sukna (accusative plural)
suknem (instrumental singular)
suknami (instrumental plural)
suknie (locative singular)
suknach (locative plural)
sukno (singular vocative)
sukna (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish sukno, from Proto-Slavic *suk(ъ)no.


gronostaj

gronostaj (nominative singular)
gronostaje (nominative plural)
gronostaja (genitive singular)
gronostajów (genitive plural)
gronostai (genitive plural)
gronostajowi (dative singular)
gronostajom (dative plural)
gronostaja (accusative singular)
gronostaje (accusative plural)
gronostajem (instrumental singular)
gronostajami (instrumental plural)
gronostaju (locative singular)
gronostajach (locative plural)
gronostaju (singular vocative)
gronostaje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gornostajь.

Mustela erminea
Mustela erminea#Translingual

ermine, polecat, stoat (Mustela erminea)


gronostaj

gronostaj (nominative singular)
gronostaje (nominative plural)
gronostaju (genitive singular)
gronostajów (genitive plural)
gronostai (genitive plural)
gronostajowi (dative singular)
gronostajom (dative plural)
gronostaj (accusative singular)
gronostaje (accusative plural)
gronostajem (instrumental singular)
gronostajami (instrumental plural)
gronostaju (locative singular)
gronostajach (locative plural)
gronostaju (singular vocative)
gronostaje (plural vocative)


suseł

suseł (nominative singular)
susły (nominative plural)
susła (genitive singular)
susłów (genitive plural)
susłowi (dative singular)
susłom (dative plural)
susła (accusative singular)
susły (accusative plural)
susłem (instrumental singular)
susłami (instrumental plural)
suśle (locative singular)
susłach (locative plural)
suśle (singular vocative)
susły (plural vocative)

desc

→ Ukrainian: су́сел (súsel), су́сель (súselʹ)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *susьlъ. Compare Bulgarian съсел (sǎsel), Czech sysel, Russian су́слик (súslik).

gopher, ground squirrel, spermophile, suslik (any ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus)


koronka

koronka (nominative singular)
koronki (nominative plural)
koronki (genitive singular)
koronek (genitive plural)
koronce (dative singular)
koronkom (dative plural)
koronkę (accusative singular)
koronki (accusative plural)
koronką (instrumental singular)
koronkami (instrumental plural)
koronce (locative singular)
koronkach (locative plural)
koronko (singular vocative)
koronki (plural vocative)


aksamit

aksamit (nominative singular)
aksamity (nominative plural)
aksamitu (genitive singular)
aksamitów (genitive plural)
aksamitowi (dative singular)
aksamitom (dative plural)
aksamit (accusative singular)
aksamity (accusative plural)
aksamitem (instrumental singular)
aksamitami (instrumental plural)
aksamicie (locative singular)
aksamitach (locative plural)
aksamicie (singular vocative)
aksamity (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: aksamit

velvet (closely woven fabric with a thick short pile on one side)


konopie

pl-noun

konopie nvir pl (related adjective konopny or konopiowy or konopiany)

konopny (adjective)
konopiowy (adjective)
konopiany (adjective)
konopie (nominative plural)
konopi (genitive plural)
konopiom (dative plural)
konopie (accusative plural)
konopiami (instrumental plural)
konopiach (locative plural)
konopie (plural vocative)


pumeks

pumeks (nominative singular)
pumeksy (nominative plural)
pumeksu (genitive singular)
pumeksów (genitive plural)
pumeksowi (dative singular)
pumeksom (dative plural)
pumeks (accusative singular)
pumeksy (accusative plural)
pumeksem (instrumental singular)
pumeksami (instrumental plural)
pumeksie (locative singular)
pumeksach (locative plural)
pumeksie (singular vocative)
pumeksy (plural vocative)


podstawa

podstawa f (related adjective podstawowy)

podstawowy (adjective)
podstawa (nominative singular)
podstawy (nominative plural)
podstawy (genitive singular)
podstaw (genitive plural)
podstawie (dative singular)
podstawom (dative plural)
podstawę (accusative singular)
podstawy (accusative plural)
podstawą (instrumental singular)
podstawami (instrumental plural)
podstawie (locative singular)
podstawach (locative plural)
podstawo (singular vocative)
podstawy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish podstawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from podstawić. Compare Kashubian pòdstawa and Russian подста́ва (podstáva).

surf

(anatomy) base (lower part of a set of bones that make up a specific part of the skeleton)

(geometry) base (lowest side of a triangle or other polygon)

(geometry) base (lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat)

(in the plural) basics (elementary knowledge in something)

(in the plural) basics (assumptions that give rise to some theory, science, concept)

(Middle Polish) base (that which one may place one's legs)


miś

miś (nominative singular)
misie (nominative plural)
misia (genitive singular)
misiów (genitive plural)
misiowi (dative singular)
misiom (dative plural)
miś (accusative singular)
misie (accusative plural)
misiem (instrumental singular)
misiami (instrumental plural)
misiu (locative singular)
misiach (locative plural)
misiu (singular vocative)
misie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mešьka or *měšьka, ultimately related to Old Polish miedźwiedź.

(colloquial) greeting involving an embrace and clapping each other's back


bitum

bitum (nominative singular)
bitumy (nominative plural)
bitumu (genitive singular)
bitumów (genitive plural)
bitumowi (dative singular)
bitumom (dative plural)
bitum (accusative singular)
bitumy (accusative plural)
bitumem (instrumental singular)
bitumami (instrumental plural)
bitumie (locative singular)
bitumach (locative plural)
bitumie (singular vocative)
bitumy (plural vocative)

Clipping of bitumin, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of beton.

pokryć bitumem


tkanina

tkaninowy (adjective)
tkanina (nominative singular)
tkaniny (nominative plural)
tkaniny (genitive singular)
tkanin (genitive plural)
tkaninie (dative singular)
tkaninom (dative plural)
tkaninę (accusative singular)
tkaniny (accusative plural)
tkaniną (instrumental singular)
tkaninami (instrumental plural)
tkaninie (locative singular)
tkaninach (locative plural)
tkanino (singular vocative)
tkaniny (plural vocative)


papirus

pl-noun

papirus m inan (related adjective papirusowy)

papirusowy (adjective)
papirus (nominative singular)
papirusy (nominative plural)
papirusu (genitive singular)
papirusów (genitive plural)
papirusowi (dative singular)
papirusom (dative plural)
papirus (accusative singular)
papirusy (accusative plural)
papirusem (instrumental singular)
papirusami (instrumental plural)
papirusie (locative singular)
papirusach (locative plural)
papirusie (singular vocative)
papirusy (plural vocative)

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual


taśma

taśma f (diminutive tasiemka, related adjective taśmowy)

tasiemka (diminutive)
taśmowy (adjective)
taśma (nominative singular)
taśmy (nominative plural)
taśmy (genitive singular)
taśm (genitive plural)
taśmie (dative singular)
taśmom (dative plural)
taśmę (accusative singular)
taśmy (accusative plural)
taśmą (instrumental singular)
taśmami (instrumental plural)
taśmie (locative singular)
taśmach (locative plural)
taśmo (singular vocative)
taśmy (plural vocative)

tape, adhesive tape, Scotch tape, sticky tape (flexible material in a roll with a sticky surface on one or both sides)


dżins

dżins (nominative singular)
dżinsy (nominative plural)
dżinsu (genitive singular)
dżinsów (genitive plural)
dżinsowi (dative singular)
dżinsom (dative plural)
dżins (accusative singular)
dżinsy (accusative plural)
dżinsem (instrumental singular)
dżinsami (instrumental plural)
dżinsie (locative singular)
dżinsach (locative plural)
dżinsie (singular vocative)
dżinsy (plural vocative)


glazura

glazura (nominative singular)
glazury (genitive singular)
glazurze (dative singular)
glazurę (accusative singular)
glazurą (instrumental singular)
glazurze (locative singular)
glazuro (singular vocative)

glaze (applied to either pottery or an edible layer applied to cooked goods)


lateks

lateks (nominative singular)
lateksu (genitive singular)
lateksowi (dative singular)
lateks (accusative singular)
lateksem (instrumental singular)
lateksie (locative singular)
lateksie (singular vocative)


otoczak

otoczak (nominative singular)
otoczaki (nominative plural)
otoczaku (genitive singular)
otoczaków (genitive plural)
otoczakowi (dative singular)
otoczakom (dative plural)
otoczak (accusative singular)
otoczaki (accusative plural)
otoczakiem (instrumental singular)
otoczakami (instrumental plural)
otoczaku (locative singular)
otoczakach (locative plural)
otoczaku (singular vocative)
otoczaki (plural vocative)


jedwab

jedwab (nominative singular)
jedwabie (nominative plural)
jedwabiu (genitive singular)
jedwabi (genitive plural)
jedwabiów (genitive plural)
jedwabiowi (dative singular)
jedwabiom (dative plural)
jedwab (accusative singular)
jedwabie (accusative plural)
jedwabiem (instrumental singular)
jedwabiami (instrumental plural)
jedwabiu (locative singular)
jedwabiach (locative plural)
jedwabiu (singular vocative)
jedwabie (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ядва́б (jadváb)

→ Ukrainian: єдва́б (jedváb)

Borrowed from Old Czech hedváb, probably from Middle High German gota-webbi.


stłuczka

stłuczka (nominative singular)
stłuczki (nominative plural)
stłuczki (genitive singular)
stłuczek (genitive plural)
stłuczce (dative singular)
stłuczkom (dative plural)
stłuczkę (accusative singular)
stłuczki (accusative plural)
stłuczką (instrumental singular)
stłuczkami (instrumental plural)
stłuczce (locative singular)
stłuczkach (locative plural)
stłuczko (singular vocative)
stłuczki (plural vocative)

cullet (scrap in the form of broken crockery shells or glass)


szmata

szmatka (diminutive)
szmata (nominative singular)
szmaty (nominative plural)
szmaty (genitive singular)
szmat (genitive plural)
szmacie (dative singular)
szmatom (dative plural)
szmatę (accusative singular)
szmaty (accusative plural)
szmatą (instrumental singular)
szmatami (instrumental plural)
szmacie (locative singular)
szmatach (locative plural)
szmato (singular vocative)
szmaty (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: שמאַטע (shmate)

Uncertain but perhaps derived from szmat or śmieć

(figuratively) rag (low quality magazine)

(slang, offensive) skank, slut (sexually promiscuous woman)


bielizna

bielizna (nominative singular)
bielizny (genitive singular)
bieliźnie (dative singular)
bieliznę (accusative singular)
bielizną (instrumental singular)
bieliźnie (locative singular)
bielizno (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bielizna, from Proto-Slavic *bělizna. By surface analysis, biel + -izna. Compare Russian бельё (belʹjó) (whence Bulgarian бельо (beljo)). Also compare Hungarian fehérnemű, German Weißwaren, and English tighty whities or whites.

whites (linen, especially laundry, that is white)


szkliwo

szkliwo (nominative singular)
szkliwa (nominative plural)
szkliwa (genitive singular)
szkliw (genitive plural)
szkliwu (dative singular)
szkliwom (dative plural)
szkliwo (accusative singular)
szkliwa (accusative plural)
szkliwem (instrumental singular)
szkliwami (instrumental plural)
szkliwie (locative singular)
szkliwach (locative plural)
szkliwo (singular vocative)
szkliwa (plural vocative)


sklejka

sklejkowy (adjective)
sklejka (nominative singular)
sklejki (nominative plural)
sklejki (genitive singular)
sklejek (genitive plural)
sklejce (dative singular)
sklejkom (dative plural)
sklejkę (accusative singular)
sklejki (accusative plural)
sklejką (instrumental singular)
sklejkami (instrumental plural)
sklejce (locative singular)
sklejkach (locative plural)
sklejko (singular vocative)
sklejki (plural vocative)

plywood (construction material supplied in sheets, and made of three or more layers of wood veneer glued together, laid up with alternating layers having their grain perpendicular to each other)


lampas

lampasik (diminutive)
lampas (nominative singular)
lampasy (nominative plural)
lampasa (genitive singular)
lampasów (genitive plural)
lampasowi (dative singular)
lampasom (dative plural)
lampas (accusative singular)
lampasy (accusative plural)
lampasem (instrumental singular)
lampasami (instrumental plural)
lampasie (locative singular)
lampasach (locative plural)
lampasie (singular vocative)
lampasy (plural vocative)

(textiles) lampasse (colored cloth stripe sewn along the outer seam of uniform trousers)


krzemień

krzemyk (diminutive)
krzemień (nominative singular)
krzemienie (nominative plural)
krzemienia (genitive singular)
krzemieni (genitive plural)
krzemieniowi (dative singular)
krzemieniom (dative plural)
krzemień (accusative singular)
krzemienie (accusative plural)
krzemieniem (instrumental singular)
krzemieniami (instrumental plural)
krzemieniu (locative singular)
krzemieniach (locative plural)
krzemieniu (singular vocative)
krzemienie (plural vocative)

flint (hard fine-grained quartz which can generate sparks when struck against a material such as steel)


smoła

smoła (nominative singular)
smoły (nominative plural)
smoły (genitive singular)
smół (genitive plural)
smole (dative singular)
smołom (dative plural)
smołę (accusative singular)
smoły (accusative plural)
smołą (instrumental singular)
smołami (instrumental plural)
smole (locative singular)
smołach (locative plural)
smoło (singular vocative)
smoły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish smoła, from Proto-Slavic *smola.


żelbet

żelbet (nominative singular)
żelbetu (genitive singular)
żelbetowi (dative singular)
żelbet (accusative singular)
żelbetem (instrumental singular)
żelbecie (locative singular)
żelbecie (singular vocative)


plusz

plusz (nominative singular)
plusze (nominative plural)
pluszu (genitive singular)
pluszów (genitive plural)
pluszowi (dative singular)
pluszom (dative plural)
plusz (accusative singular)
plusze (accusative plural)
pluszem (instrumental singular)
pluszami (instrumental plural)
pluszu (locative singular)
pluszach (locative plural)
pluszu (singular vocative)
plusze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Plüsch, from French peluche.


szop

szop (nominative singular)
szopy (nominative plural)
szopa (genitive singular)
szopów (genitive plural)
szopowi (dative singular)
szopom (dative plural)
szop (accusative singular)
szopy (accusative plural)
szopem (instrumental singular)
szopami (instrumental plural)
szopie (locative singular)
szopach (locative plural)
szopie (singular vocative)
szopy (plural vocative)

(historical, Nazism) manufacturing facility in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Nazi occupation


włókno

włókienko (diminutive)
włókno (nominative singular)
włókna (nominative plural)
włókna (genitive singular)
włókien (genitive plural)
włóknu (dative singular)
włóknom (dative plural)
włókno (accusative singular)
włókna (accusative plural)
włóknem (instrumental singular)
włóknami (instrumental plural)
włóknie (locative singular)
włóknach (locative plural)
włókno (singular vocative)
włókna (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish włókno, from Proto-Slavic *volkno.

fibre (single elongated piece of material)


kreton

kreton (nominative singular)
kretony (nominative plural)
kretonu (genitive singular)
kretonów (genitive plural)
kretonowi (dative singular)
kretonom (dative plural)
kreton (accusative singular)
kretony (accusative plural)
kretonem (instrumental singular)
kretonami (instrumental plural)
kretonie (locative singular)
kretonach (locative plural)
kretonie (singular vocative)
kretony (plural vocative)


blich

blich (nominative singular)
blichy (nominative plural)
blichu (genitive singular)
blichów (genitive plural)
blichowi (dative singular)
blichom (dative plural)
blich (accusative singular)
blichy (accusative plural)
blichem (instrumental singular)
blichami (instrumental plural)
blichu (locative singular)
blichach (locative plural)
blichu (singular vocative)
blichy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish blich, from German Bleiche.


ceramika

ceramika (nominative singular)
ceramiki (genitive singular)
ceramice (dative singular)
ceramikę (accusative singular)
ceramiką (instrumental singular)
ceramice (locative singular)
ceramiko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French céramique, from Ancient Greek κεραμικός (keramikós, “of clay”).


surowiec

pl-noun

surowiec m inan (related adjective surowcowy)

surowcowy (adjective)
surowiec (nominative singular)
surowce (nominative plural)
surowca (genitive singular)
surowców (genitive plural)
surowcowi (dative singular)
surowcom (dative plural)
surowiec (accusative singular)
surowce (accusative plural)
surowcem (instrumental singular)
surowcami (instrumental plural)
surowcu (locative singular)
surowcach (locative plural)
surowcu (singular vocative)
surowce (plural vocative)


brokat

brokat m inan (related adjective brokatowy)

brokatowy (adjective)
brokat (nominative singular)
brokaty (nominative plural)
brokatu (genitive singular)
brokatów (genitive plural)
brokatowi (dative singular)
brokatom (dative plural)
brokat (accusative singular)
brokaty (accusative plural)
brokatem (instrumental singular)
brokatami (instrumental plural)
brokacie (locative singular)
brokatach (locative plural)
brokacie (singular vocative)
brokaty (plural vocative)

(countable, colloquial) piece of clothing sewn from brocade


kaszmir

kaszmir m inan (related adjective kaszmirowy)

kaszmirowy (adjective)
kaszmir (nominative singular)
kaszmiry (nominative plural)
kaszmiru (genitive singular)
kaszmirów (genitive plural)
kaszmirowi (dative singular)
kaszmirom (dative plural)
kaszmir (accusative singular)
kaszmiry (accusative plural)
kaszmirem (instrumental singular)
kaszmirami (instrumental plural)
kaszmirze (locative singular)
kaszmirach (locative plural)
kaszmirze (singular vocative)
kaszmiry (plural vocative)

(uncountable) cashmere (fine, downy wool from beneath the outer hair of the Cashmere goat)

(uncountable) cashmere (soft fabric made of wool)


celuloid

celuloid (nominative singular)
celuloidu (genitive singular)
celuloidowi (dative singular)
celuloid (accusative singular)
celuloidem (instrumental singular)
celuloidzie (locative singular)
celuloidzie (singular vocative)


obsydian

obsydian m inan (related adjective obsydianowy)

obsydianowy (adjective)
obsydian (nominative singular)
obsydiany (nominative plural)
obsydianu (genitive singular)
obsydianów (genitive plural)
obsydianowi (dative singular)
obsydianom (dative plural)
obsydian (accusative singular)
obsydiany (accusative plural)
obsydianem (instrumental singular)
obsydianami (instrumental plural)
obsydianie (locative singular)
obsydianach (locative plural)
obsydianie (singular vocative)
obsydiany (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin (petra) obsidiāna.

lbor

obsidian (type of naturally occurring black glass produced by volcanoes)


kartka

karteczka (diminutive)
kartka (nominative singular)
kartki (nominative plural)
kartki (genitive singular)
kartek (genitive plural)
kartce (dative singular)
kartkom (dative plural)
kartkę (accusative singular)
kartki (accusative plural)
kartką (instrumental singular)
kartkami (instrumental plural)
kartce (locative singular)
kartkach (locative plural)
kartko (singular vocative)
kartki (plural vocative)

kartka pocztowa

kartka świąteczna


chusteczka

chusteczka (nominative singular)
chusteczki (nominative plural)
chusteczki (genitive singular)
chusteczek (genitive plural)
chusteczce (dative singular)
chusteczkom (dative plural)
chusteczkę (accusative singular)
chusteczki (accusative plural)
chusteczką (instrumental singular)
chusteczkami (instrumental plural)
chusteczce (locative singular)
chusteczkach (locative plural)
chusteczko (singular vocative)
chusteczki (plural vocative)


ściąga

ściąga (nominative singular)
ściągi (nominative plural)
ściągi (genitive singular)
ściąg (genitive plural)
ściądze (dative singular)
ściągom (dative plural)
ściągę (accusative singular)
ściągi (accusative plural)
ściągą (instrumental singular)
ściągami (instrumental plural)
ściądze (locative singular)
ściągach (locative plural)
ściągo (singular vocative)
ściągi (plural vocative)

/ˈɕt͡ɕɔŋ.ɡa/

(education) cheat sheet, crib sheet (sheet of paper used to assist on a test)


flanela

flanelka (diminutive)
flanela (nominative singular)
flanele (nominative plural)
flaneli (genitive singular)
flanel (genitive plural)
flaneli (dative singular)
flanelom (dative plural)
flanelę (accusative singular)
flanele (accusative plural)
flanelą (instrumental singular)
flanelami (instrumental plural)
flaneli (locative singular)
flanelach (locative plural)
flanelo (singular vocative)
flanele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English flannel, from Middle English flaunneol, from Anglo-Norman flanelle, diminutive of Old French flaine, floene, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *wlānos, *wlanā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Doublet of lanugo and wełna.

flannel (soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers)


ketmia

ketmia (nominative singular)
ketmie (nominative plural)
ketmii (genitive singular)
ketmii (genitive plural)
ketmij (archaic genitive plural)
ketmii (dative singular)
ketmiom (dative plural)
ketmię (accusative singular)
ketmie (accusative plural)
ketmią (instrumental singular)
ketmiami (instrumental plural)
ketmii (locative singular)
ketmiach (locative plural)
ketmio (singular vocative)
ketmie (plural vocative)


astrachan

astrachan (nominative singular)
astrachanu (genitive singular)
astrachanowi (dative singular)
astrachan (accusative singular)
astrachanem (instrumental singular)
astrachanie (locative singular)
astrachanie (singular vocative)

Named after Russian А́страхань (Ástraxanʹ).