teaser

teaser (nominative singular)
teasery (nominative plural)
teasera (genitive singular)
teaserów (genitive plural)
teaserowi (dative singular)
teaserom (dative plural)
teaser (accusative singular)
teasery (accusative plural)
teaserem (instrumental singular)
teaserami (instrumental plural)
teaserze (locative singular)
teaserach (locative plural)
teaserze (singular vocative)
teasery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English teaser.

(film, marketing, television) teaser (short acting scene preceding the actual lead of a film or television series)

(film, marketing) trailer (preview of a film)


estrada

pl-noun

estrada f (diminutive estradka, related adjective estradowy)

estradka (diminutive)
estradowy (adjective)
estrada (nominative singular)
estrady (nominative plural)
estrady (genitive singular)
estrad (genitive plural)
estradzie (dative singular)
estradom (dative plural)
estradę (accusative singular)
estrady (accusative plural)
estradą (instrumental singular)
estradami (instrumental plural)
estradzie (locative singular)
estradach (locative plural)
estrado (singular vocative)
estrady (plural vocative)

(comedy, music, figurative) music and cabaret entertainment industry


kino

kino (nominative singular)
kina (nominative plural)
kina (genitive singular)
kin (genitive plural)
kinu (dative singular)
kinom (dative plural)
kino (accusative singular)
kina (accusative plural)
kinem (instrumental singular)
kinami (instrumental plural)
kinie (locative singular)
kinach (locative plural)
kino (singular vocative)
kina (plural vocative)


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


bajka

pl-noun

bajka f (diminutive bajeczka, augmentative baja)

bajeczka (diminutive)
baja (augmentative)
bajka (nominative singular)
bajki (nominative plural)
bajki (genitive singular)
bajek (genitive plural)
bajce (dative singular)
bajkom (dative plural)
bajkę (accusative singular)
bajki (accusative plural)
bajką (instrumental singular)
bajkami (instrumental plural)
bajce (locative singular)
bajkach (locative plural)
bajko (singular vocative)
bajki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajьka. By surface analysis, bajać + -ka.

fable, apologue (a story reenforcing some moral or morals)

fairy tale (a story containing imaginary events)

(colloquial, chiefly negated) cup of tea, one's thing (area of interest)


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) host of heaven understood as an army of angels or as stars

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) heaven; sky

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) wealth, possessions

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) act, action; brave deed

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) stern facial expression

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) helmet


baj

baj (nominative singular)
baje (nominative plural)
baja (genitive singular)
bajów (genitive plural)
bajowi (dative singular)
bajom (dative plural)
baja (accusative singular)
bajów (accusative plural)
bajem (instrumental singular)
bajami (instrumental plural)
baju (locative singular)
bajach (locative plural)
baju (singular vocative)
baje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajь. By surface analysis, deverbal from bajać.

surf

(literature) in-story storyteller or narrator in children's literature (a narrator of a children's fable within the fable itself)


kenning

kenning (nominative singular)
kenningi (nominative plural)
kenningu (genitive singular)
kenningów (genitive plural)
kenningowi (dative singular)
kenningom (dative plural)
kenning (accusative singular)
kenningi (accusative plural)
kenningiem (instrumental singular)
kenningami (instrumental plural)
kenningu (locative singular)
kenningach (locative plural)
kenningu (singular vocative)
kenningi (plural vocative)

(poetry) kenning (metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way)


mara

mara (nominative singular)
mary (nominative plural)
mary (genitive singular)
mar (genitive plural)
marze (dative singular)
marom (dative plural)
marę (accusative singular)
mary (accusative plural)
marą (instrumental singular)
marami (instrumental plural)
marze (locative singular)
marach (locative plural)
maro (singular vocative)
mary (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ма́ра (mára)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mara. Compare English mare, German Mahr.

(Slavic mythology) A creature believed to drain sleeping people of their blood or energy; wight, mare.


peon

peon (nominative singular)
peony (nominative plural)
peonu (genitive singular)
peonów (genitive plural)
peonowi (dative singular)
peonom (dative plural)
peon (accusative singular)
peony (accusative plural)
peonem (instrumental singular)
peonami (instrumental plural)
peonie (locative singular)
peonach (locative plural)
peonie (singular vocative)
peony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παιών (paiṓn).

lbor

(poetry) paeon (foot containing any pattern of three short syllables and one long syllable)


Absalom

Absalom (nominative singular)
Absalomowie (nominative plural)
Absaloma (genitive singular)
Absalomów (genitive plural)
Absalomowi (dative singular)
Absalomom (dative plural)
Absaloma (accusative singular)
Absalomów (accusative plural)
Absalomem (instrumental singular)
Absalomami (instrumental plural)
Absalomie (locative singular)
Absalomach (locative plural)
Absalomie (singular vocative)
Absalomowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Absālōm, from Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם. Compare Old Polish Absalon.

der

Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם


ferm

ferm (nominative singular)
fermy (nominative plural)
fermu (genitive singular)
fermów (genitive plural)
fermowi (dative singular)
fermom (dative plural)
ferm (accusative singular)
fermy (accusative plural)
fermem (instrumental singular)
fermami (instrumental plural)
fermie (locative singular)
fermach (locative plural)
fermie (singular vocative)
fermy (plural vocative)

(theater) theatrical decoration depicting landscapes or buildings


wic

wic (nominative singular)
wice (nominative plural)
wica (genitive singular)
wiców (genitive plural)
wicowi (dative singular)
wicom (dative plural)
wic (accusative singular)
wice (accusative plural)
wicem (instrumental singular)
wicami (instrumental plural)
wicu (locative singular)
wicach (locative plural)
wicu (singular vocative)
wice (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Witz, derived from Middle High German witz, derived from Old High German wizzi, derived from Proto-West Germanic *witi, derived from Proto-Germanic *witją, derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-.

(colloquial) joke (story with a funny punchline, told to make the audience laugh)


dubbing

dubbing (nominative singular)
dubbingi (nominative plural)
dubbingu (genitive singular)
dubbingów (genitive plural)
dubbingowi (dative singular)
dubbingom (dative plural)
dubbing (accusative singular)
dubbingi (accusative plural)
dubbingiem (instrumental singular)
dubbingami (instrumental plural)
dubbingu (locative singular)
dubbingach (locative plural)
dubbingu (singular vocative)
dubbingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English dubbing.


miscellanea

miscellanea (nominative plural)
miscellaneów (genitive plural)
miscellaneom (dative plural)
miscellanea (accusative plural)
miscellaneami (instrumental plural)
miscellaneach (locative plural)
miscellanea (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mīscellānea.

lbor

(literature) varia, miscellany (collection of diverse texts, thoughts, or notes collected in a publication)


smok

pl-noun

smok m animal (female equivalent smoczyca, diminutive smoczek, augmentative smoczysko, related adjective smoczy)

smoczyca (feminine)
smoczek (diminutive)
smoczysko (augmentative)
smoczy (adjective)
smok (nominative singular)
smoki (nominative plural)
smoka (genitive singular)
smoków (genitive plural)
smokowi (dative singular)
smokom (dative plural)
smoka (accusative singular)
smoki (accusative plural)
smokiem (instrumental singular)
smokami (instrumental plural)
smoku (locative singular)
smokach (locative plural)
smoku (singular vocative)
smoki (plural vocative)

– No właśnie – pokiwał głową tata kot – takie są krokodyle, wyglądają jak zielone smoki.

2012, Ewa Mirkowska, 59 bajek o zwierzętach, Siedmioróg:

"Exactly", papa cat nodded his head, "that's crocodiles for you, they look like green dragons."


esej

esej (nominative singular)
eseje (nominative plural)
eseju (genitive singular)
esejów (genitive plural)
esejowi (dative singular)
esejom (dative plural)
esej (accusative singular)
eseje (accusative plural)
esejem (instrumental singular)
esejami (instrumental plural)
eseju (locative singular)
esejach (locative plural)
eseju (singular vocative)
eseje (plural vocative)

essay (written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject)


dokument

dokument m inan (diminutive dokumencik, related adjective dokumentowy)

dokumencik (diminutive)
dokumentowy (adjective)
dokument (nominative singular)
dokumenty (nominative plural)
dokumenta (nominative plural)
dokumentu (genitive singular)
dokumentów (genitive plural)
dokumentowi (dative singular)
dokumentom (dative plural)
dokument (accusative singular)
dokumenty (accusative plural)
dokumenta (accusative plural)
dokumentem (instrumental singular)
dokumentami (instrumental plural)
dokumencie (locative singular)
dokumentach (locative plural)
dokumencie (singular vocative)
dokumenty (plural vocative)
dokumenta (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: dokùment

Learned borrowing from Latin documentum. First attested in 1564. Compare Silesian dokumynt.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dokument”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(colloquial, film) documentary (documentary film) [with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]


Herod

Herod (nominative singular)
Heroda (genitive singular)
Herodowi (dative singular)
Heroda (accusative singular)
Herodem (instrumental singular)
Herodzie (locative singular)
Herodzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἡρῴδης (Hērṓidēs).


epilog

epilog (nominative singular)
epilogi (nominative plural)
epilogu (genitive singular)
epilogów (genitive plural)
epilogowi (dative singular)
epilogom (dative plural)
epilog (accusative singular)
epilogi (accusative plural)
epilogiem (instrumental singular)
epilogami (instrumental plural)
epilogu (locative singular)
epilogach (locative plural)
epilogu (singular vocative)
epilogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin epilogus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos).

epilogue (a brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece)


Lidia

Lidia (nominative singular)
Lidie (nominative plural)
Lidii (genitive singular)
Lidii (genitive plural)
Lidyj (archaic genitive plural)
Lidii (dative singular)
Lidiom (dative plural)
Lidię (accusative singular)
Lidie (accusative plural)
Lidią (instrumental singular)
Lidiami (instrumental plural)
Lidii (locative singular)
Lidiach (locative plural)
Lidio (singular vocative)
Lidie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Lȳdia, from Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía), from Λυδός (Ludós), from Lydian *luwdja.

(Christianity) Lydia (biblical character)


Abram

Abram (nominative singular)
Abramowie (nominative plural)
Abrama (genitive singular)
Abramów (genitive plural)
Abramowi (dative singular)
Abramom (dative plural)
Abrama (accusative singular)
Abramów (accusative plural)
Abramem (instrumental singular)
Abramami (instrumental plural)
Abramie (locative singular)
Abramach (locative plural)
Abramie (singular vocative)
Abramowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Hebrew אַבְרָם. Doublet of Abraham.

(uncountable, biblical, Qur'an) Abraham (prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar)


poema

poema (nominative singular)
poemy (nominative plural)
poemy (genitive singular)
poem (genitive plural)
poemie (dative singular)
poemom (dative plural)
poemę (accusative singular)
poemy (accusative plural)
poemą (instrumental singular)
poemami (instrumental plural)
poemie (locative singular)
poemach (locative plural)
poemo (singular vocative)
poemy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin poēma. First attested in 1752.


animator

pl-noun

animator m pers (female equivalent animatorka)

animatorka (feminine)
animator (nominative singular)
animatorzy (nominative plural)
animatory (derogatory nominative plural)
animatora (genitive singular)
animatorów (genitive plural)
animatorowi (dative singular)
animatorom (dative plural)
animatora (accusative singular)
animatorów (accusative plural)
animatorem (instrumental singular)
animatorami (instrumental plural)
animatorze (locative singular)
animatorach (locative plural)
animatorze (singular vocative)
animatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French animateur, from Latin animō + -ato. First attested in 1915.

ref

Dziennik Poznański : wychodzi codziennie z wyjątkiem poniedziałków i dni poświętnych (in Polish), number R.57, nr 23, 1915, page 6

(film) animator (person who makes animated films)

animator teatralny

animator lalek

animator teatru

(theater) puppeteer (person who moves puppets during a puppet show)


Juda

Juda (nominative singular)
Judy (genitive singular)
Judzie (dative singular)
Judę (accusative singular)
Judą (instrumental singular)
Judzie (locative singular)
Judo (singular vocative)

(biblical) Judah (fourth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)

(biblical) Judah (one of the Israelite tribes)


Juda

(biblical) Judah (southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel)


mangaka

mangaka (nominative singular)
mangacy (nominative plural)
mangaki (genitive singular)
mangaków (genitive plural)
mangace (dative singular)
mangakom (dative plural)
mangakę (accusative singular)
mangaków (accusative plural)
mangaką (instrumental singular)
mangakami (instrumental plural)
mangace (locative singular)
mangakach (locative plural)
mangako (singular vocative)
mangacy (plural vocative)

(comics) mangaka (professional manga or anime artist)


intermezzo

intermezzo (nominative singular)
intermezza (nominative plural)
intermezza (genitive singular)
intermezzów (genitive plural)
intermezzu (dative singular)
intermezzom (dative plural)
intermezzo (accusative singular)
intermezza (accusative plural)
intermezzem (instrumental singular)
intermezzami (instrumental plural)
intermezzu (locative singular)
intermezzach (locative plural)
intermezzo (singular vocative)
intermezza (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian intermezzo.

ubor

(music, opera) intermezzo (short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle)

(historical, music, opera) intermezzo (musical and dramatic interlude of a comic character, performed in the antracts of Italian opera in the 17th–18th centuries)


parodia

parodia (nominative singular)
parodie (nominative plural)
parodii (genitive singular)
parodii (genitive plural)
parodyj (archaic genitive plural)
parodii (dative singular)
parodiom (dative plural)
parodię (accusative singular)
parodie (accusative plural)
parodią (instrumental singular)
parodiami (instrumental plural)
parodii (locative singular)
parodiach (locative plural)
parodio (singular vocative)
parodie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parodiez, from Latin parōdia, from Ancient Greek παρῳδία (parōidía).


Rebeka

Rebeka (nominative singular)
Rebeki (nominative plural)
Rebeki (genitive singular)
Rebek (genitive plural)
Rebece (dative singular)
Rebekom (dative plural)
Rebekę (accusative singular)
Rebeki (accusative plural)
Rebeką (instrumental singular)
Rebekami (instrumental plural)
Rebece (locative singular)
Rebekach (locative plural)
Rebeko (singular vocative)
Rebeki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Rebecca, from Biblical Hebrew רִבְקָה.

(biblical) Rebekah (sister of Laban and wife to Isaac)


skręcić

skręcać (imperfective)
skręcić (infinitive)
skręcę (future singular)
skręcimy (future plural)
skręcisz (future singular)
skręcicie (future plural)
skręci (future singular third-person)
skręcą (future plural third-person)
skręci się (future impersonal)
skręciłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m skręcił (masculine past singular)
skręciłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m skręciła (feminine past singular)
skręciłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m skręciło (neuter past singular)
skręciliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy skręcili (past plural virile)
skręciłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy skręciły (nonvirile past plural)
skręciłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś skręcił (masculine past singular)
skręciłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś skręciła (feminine past singular)
skręciłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś skręciło (neuter past singular)
skręciliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście skręcili (past plural virile)
skręciłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście skręciły (nonvirile past plural)
skręcił (masculine past singular third-person)
skręciła (feminine past singular third-person)
skręciło (neuter past singular third-person)
skręcili (past plural third-person virile)
skręciły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
skręcono (impersonal past)
skręciłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym skręcił (conditional masculine singular)
skręciłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym skręciła (conditional feminine singular)
skręciłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym skręciło (conditional neuter singular)
skręcilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy skręcili (conditional plural virile)
skręciłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy skręciły (conditional nonvirile plural)
skręciłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś skręcił (conditional masculine singular)
skręciłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś skręciła (conditional feminine singular)
skręciłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś skręciło (conditional neuter singular)
skręcilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście skręcili (conditional plural virile)
skręciłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście skręciły (conditional nonvirile plural)
skręciłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by skręcił (conditional masculine singular third-person)
skręciłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by skręciła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
skręciłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by skręciło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
skręciliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by skręcili (conditional plural third-person virile)
skręciłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by skręciły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
skręcono by (conditional impersonal)
niech skręcę (imperative singular)
skręćmy (imperative plural)
skręć (imperative singular)
skręćcie (imperative plural)
niech skręci (imperative singular third-person)
niech skręcą (imperative plural third-person)
skręcony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
skręcona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
skręcone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
skręceni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
skręcone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
skręciwszy (adverbial anterior participle)
skręcenie (noun-from-verb)


zdjęcie

pl-noun

zdjęcie n (diminutive zdjątko, related adjective zdjęciowy)

zdjątko (diminutive)
zdjęciowy (adjective)
zdjęcie (nominative singular)
zdjęcia (nominative plural)
zdjęcia (genitive singular)
zdjęć (genitive plural)
zdjęciu (dative singular)
zdjęciom (dative plural)
zdjęcie (accusative singular)
zdjęcia (accusative plural)
zdjęciem (instrumental singular)
zdjęciami (instrumental plural)
zdjęciu (locative singular)
zdjęciach (locative plural)
zdjęcie (singular vocative)
zdjęcia (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zjęcie. By surface analysis, zdjąć + -ęcie.

(in the plural, cinematography) cinematography (process of recording scenes that are transformed into a film in the editing process)

(in the plural, cinematography) video (recorded moving images)


figurant

figurant m pers (female equivalent figurantka)

figurantka (feminine)
figurant (nominative singular)
figuranci (nominative plural)
figuranty (derogatory nominative plural)
figuranta (genitive singular)
figurantów (genitive plural)
figurantowi (dative singular)
figurantom (dative plural)
figuranta (accusative singular)
figurantów (accusative plural)
figurantem (instrumental singular)
figurantami (instrumental plural)
figurancie (locative singular)
figurantach (locative plural)
figurancie (singular vocative)
figuranci (plural vocative)


Mahomet

Mahomet (nominative singular)
Mahometa (genitive singular)
Mahometowi (dative singular)
Mahometa (accusative singular)
Mahometem (instrumental singular)
Mahomecie (locative singular)
Mahomecie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Mahometus, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).


Balzac

Balzac (nominative singular)
Balzaca (genitive singular)
Balzacowi (dative singular)
Balzaca (accusative singular)
Balzaciem (instrumental singular)
Balzacu (locative singular)
Balzacu (singular vocative)

(literature) Alternative spelling of Balzak


scena

scena f (diminutive scenka, related adjective scenowy)

scenka (diminutive)
scenowy (adjective)
scena (nominative singular)
sceny (nominative plural)
sceny (genitive singular)
scen (genitive plural)
scenie (dative singular)
scenom (dative plural)
scenę (accusative singular)
sceny (accusative plural)
sceną (instrumental singular)
scenami (instrumental plural)
scenie (locative singular)
scenach (locative plural)
sceno (singular vocative)
sceny (plural vocative)

(theater) stage, platform (surface, generally elevated, upon which show performances or other public events are given)


piernik

pierniczek (diminutive)
piernik (nominative singular)
pierniki (nominative plural)
piernika (genitive singular)
pierników (genitive plural)
piernikowi (dative singular)
piernikom (dative plural)
piernik (accusative singular)
pierniki (accusative plural)
piernikiem (instrumental singular)
piernikami (instrumental plural)
pierniku (locative singular)
piernikach (locative plural)
pierniku (singular vocative)
pierniki (plural vocative)

→ English: piernik

(archaic, theater) a role of little value


metrum

metrum (nominative singular)
metra (nominative plural)
metrum (genitive singular)
metrów (genitive plural)
metrum (dative singular)
metrom (dative plural)
metrum (accusative singular)
metra (accusative plural)
metrum (instrumental singular)
metrami (instrumental plural)
metrum (locative singular)
metrach (locative plural)
metrum (singular vocative)
metra (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum. Doublet of metr.

(poetry) metre (rhythm or measure in verse)


Jezus

Jezusek (diminutive)
Jezus (nominative singular)
Jezusa (genitive singular)
Jezusowi (dative singular)
Jezusa (accusative singular)
Jezusem (instrumental singular)
Jezusie (locative singular)
Jezusie (singular vocative)
Jezu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsūs. Doublet of Jozue.

(biblical, Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí Faith) Jesus (Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians; held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


tetralogia

tetralogia f (related adjective tetralogiczny)

tetralogiczny (adjective)
tetralogia (nominative singular)
tetralogie (nominative plural)
tetralogii (genitive singular)
tetralogii (genitive plural)
tetralogij (archaic genitive plural)
tetralogii (dative singular)
tetralogiom (dative plural)
tetralogię (accusative singular)
tetralogie (accusative plural)
tetralogią (instrumental singular)
tetralogiami (instrumental plural)
tetralogii (locative singular)
tetralogiach (locative plural)
tetralogio (singular vocative)
tetralogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) tetralogy (set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works)

(Ancient Greece, theater) tetralogy (group of four tragedies staged as part of a single show)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

legend (story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events)

legend (story in which a kernel of truth is embellished to an unlikely degree)

legend (person with legend-like qualities, such as extraordinary accomplishment)

(heraldry) legend (inscription, motto, or title, especially one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon a heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration)

legend (instrumental piece of lyrical character, similar to a ballad)


telepatia

telepatia f (related adjective telepatyczny)

telepatyczny (adjective)
telepatia (nominative singular)
telepatii (genitive singular)
telepatii (dative singular)
telepatię (accusative singular)
telepatią (instrumental singular)
telepatii (locative singular)
telepatio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English telepathy, French télépathie, German Telepathie, ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle) + -πάθεια (-pátheia). By surface analysis, tele- + -patia.

(parapsychology) telepathy (capability to communicate directly by psychic means; the sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation)


bibliografia

bibliografia (nominative singular)
bibliografie (nominative plural)
bibliografii (genitive singular)
bibliografii (genitive plural)
bibliografij (archaic genitive plural)
bibliografii (dative singular)
bibliografiom (dative plural)
bibliografię (accusative singular)
bibliografie (accusative plural)
bibliografią (instrumental singular)
bibliografiami (instrumental plural)
bibliografii (locative singular)
bibliografiach (locative plural)
bibliografio (singular vocative)
bibliografie (plural vocative)

From biblio- + -grafia. First attested in 1861.

bogata bibliografia

dokładna bibliografia

obszerna bibliografia

pełna bibliografia

szczegółowa bibliografia

wyczerpująca bibliografia

bibliografia czasopism

bibliografia druków

bibliografia książek

bibliografia prac

bibliografia tekstów

bibliografia obejmuje/zawiera coś

a bibliography includes/contains something

dołączyć bibliografię

przejrzeć bibliografię

umieścić/zamieścić bibliografię

uzupełnić bibliografię

bibliography (a section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work)

dzieje/historia bibliografii

interesować się bibliografią

zajmować się bibliografią

bibliography (the study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication)


hard rock

hard rock (nominative singular)
hard rocka (genitive singular)
hard rockowi (dative singular)
hard rocka (accusative singular)
hard rockiem (instrumental singular)
hard rocku (locative singular)
hard rocku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hard rock.


biografia

biografia (nominative singular)
biografie (nominative plural)
biografii (genitive singular)
biografii (genitive plural)
biografij (archaic genitive plural)
biografii (dative singular)
biografiom (dative plural)
biografię (accusative singular)
biografie (accusative plural)
biografią (instrumental singular)
biografiami (instrumental plural)
biografii (locative singular)
biografiach (locative plural)
biografio (singular vocative)
biografie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English biography, French biographie, German Biografie, ultimately from Latin biographia, from Ancient Greek βιογραφία (biographía). By surface analysis, bio- + -grafia. First attested in 1784.

artystyczna biografia

polityczna biografia

bogata biografia

odmienne biografie

PRL-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish People's Republic

PZPR-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish United Workers' Party

fragment biografii

zarys biografii

fakty z biografii

szczegóły z biografii

wydarzenia z biografii

przedstawić biografię kogoś

znać biografię kogoś

autoryzowana biografia

beletryzowana biografia

filmowa biografia

krótka biografia

obszerna biografia

oficjalne biografie

biografia autorstwa kogoś

biografia aktora

biografia artysty

biografia pisarza

biografie dowódców

biografie kompozytorów

biografie malarzy

biografie muzyków

biografie polityków

biografie zawodników

autor/autorka biografii

wznowienie biografii

biografia ukazała się

czytać biografię

pisać/napisać biografię

opracować biografię

opublikować biografię

polecać biografię

sfilmować biografię

wydać biografię

na podstawie biografii

biography (a published form of such a life story)


vademecum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vademēcum.


procedural

procedural (nominative singular)
procedurale (nominative plural)
procedurala (genitive singular)
procedurali (genitive plural)
proceduralów (genitive plural)
proceduralowi (dative singular)
proceduralom (dative plural)
procedural (accusative singular)
procedurale (accusative plural)
proceduralem (instrumental singular)
proceduralami (instrumental plural)
proceduralu (locative singular)
proceduralach (locative plural)
proceduralu (singular vocative)
procedurale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English procedural. By surface analysis, back-formation from proceduralny.

surf

(colloquial, film, television) procedural, police procedural (television series, or film characterized by detailed, realistic treatment of professional procedures, especially police procedures)


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

abracadabra, mumbo jumbo (complicated technical or other jargon)


Elohim

Transliteration of Biblical Hebrew אלוהים.

translit

(biblical, Judaism, theology) Elohim (one of the alternate names of God found in the Old Testament)


skald

skald (nominative singular)
skaldowie (nominative plural)
skalda (genitive singular)
skaldów (genitive plural)
skaldowi (dative singular)
skaldom (dative plural)
skalda (accusative singular)
skaldów (accusative plural)
skaldem (instrumental singular)
skaldami (instrumental plural)
skaldzie (locative singular)
skaldach (locative plural)
skaldzie (singular vocative)
skaldowie (plural vocative)

(historical, poetry) skald (Nordic poet)


duch

duszek (diminutive)
duch (nominative singular)
duchy (nominative plural)
ducha (genitive singular)
duchów (genitive plural)
duchowi (dative singular)
duchom (dative plural)
ducha (accusative singular)
duchy (accusative plural)
duchem (instrumental singular)
duchami (instrumental plural)
duchu (locative singular)
duchach (locative plural)
duchu (singular vocative)
duchy (plural vocative)

Wierzysz w duchy?


Melchizedek

Melchizedek (nominative singular)
Melchizedka (genitive singular)
Melchizedkowi (dative singular)
Melchizedka (accusative singular)
Melchizedkiem (instrumental singular)
Melchizedku (locative singular)
Melchizedku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Melchisedech, from Ancient Greek Μελχισέδεκ (Melkhisédek), from Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq).

der

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq)

Melchizedek (king and priest mentioned in the book of Genesis; contemporary of Abraham)


primadonna

primadonna (nominative singular)
primadonny (nominative plural)
primadonny (genitive singular)
primadonn (genitive plural)
primadonnie (dative singular)
primadonnom (dative plural)
primadonnę (accusative singular)
primadonny (accusative plural)
primadonną (instrumental singular)
primadonnami (instrumental plural)
primadonnie (locative singular)
primadonnach (locative plural)
primadonno (singular vocative)
primadonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian prima donna (“first lady”).


katabasis

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek κατάβασις (katábasis).

ubor

(literature, mythology) katabasis (mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld)


seans

seansik (diminutive)
seans (nominative singular)
seanse (nominative plural)
seansy (nominative plural)
seansu (genitive singular)
seansów (genitive plural)
seansowi (dative singular)
seansom (dative plural)
seans (accusative singular)
seanse (accusative plural)
seansy (accusative plural)
seansem (instrumental singular)
seansami (instrumental plural)
seansie (locative singular)
seansach (locative plural)
seansie (singular vocative)
seanse (plural vocative)
seansy (plural vocative)

séance (ceremony where people try to communicate with the spirits)


kadr

kadr (nominative singular)
kadry (nominative plural)
kadru (genitive singular)
kadrów (genitive plural)
kadrowi (dative singular)
kadrom (dative plural)
kadr (accusative singular)
kadry (accusative plural)
kadrem (instrumental singular)
kadrami (instrumental plural)
kadrze (locative singular)
kadrach (locative plural)
kadrze (singular vocative)
kadry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cadre, from Italian quadro, from Latin quadrum.

(animation, film) frame (piece of photographic film containing an image)


triolet

triolet (nominative singular)
triolety (nominative plural)
trioletu (genitive singular)
trioletów (genitive plural)
trioletowi (dative singular)
trioletom (dative plural)
triolet (accusative singular)
triolety (accusative plural)
trioletem (instrumental singular)
trioletami (instrumental plural)
triolecie (locative singular)
trioletach (locative plural)
triolecie (singular vocative)
triolety (plural vocative)


kulisa

kulisa (nominative singular)
kulisy (nominative plural)
kulisy (genitive singular)
kulis (genitive plural)
kulisie (dative singular)
kulisom (dative plural)
kulisę (accusative singular)
kulisy (accusative plural)
kulisą (instrumental singular)
kulisami (instrumental plural)
kulisie (locative singular)
kulisach (locative plural)
kuliso (singular vocative)
kulisy (plural vocative)


epizod

epizodzik (diminutive)
epizod (nominative singular)
epizody (nominative plural)
epizodu (genitive singular)
epizodów (genitive plural)
epizodowi (dative singular)
epizodom (dative plural)
epizod (accusative singular)
epizody (accusative plural)
epizodem (instrumental singular)
epizodami (instrumental plural)
epizodzie (locative singular)
epizodach (locative plural)
epizodzie (singular vocative)
epizody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

(art, colloquial, film, literature, theater) episode (instalment of a drama told in parts)


epitet

epitet (nominative singular)
epitety (nominative plural)
epitetu (genitive singular)
epitetów (genitive plural)
epitetowi (dative singular)
epitetom (dative plural)
epitet (accusative singular)
epitety (accusative plural)
epitetem (instrumental singular)
epitetami (instrumental plural)
epitecie (locative singular)
epitetach (locative plural)
epitecie (singular vocative)
epitety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épithète, from Middle French épithète, from Latin epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from ἐπι- (epi-) + τίθημι (títhēmi).

(rhetoric, poetry) epithet (term used to characterize a person or thing)


makulatura

makulatura (nominative singular)
makulatury (nominative plural)
makulatury (genitive singular)
makulatur (genitive plural)
makulaturze (dative singular)
makulaturom (dative plural)
makulaturę (accusative singular)
makulatury (accusative plural)
makulaturą (instrumental singular)
makulaturami (instrumental plural)
makulaturze (locative singular)
makulaturach (locative plural)
makulaturo (singular vocative)
makulatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.

(colloquial, literature) junk, trash (low-quality literature)


Gilead

Gilead (nominative singular)
Gileadu (genitive singular)
Gileadowi (dative singular)
Gilead (accusative singular)
Gileadem (instrumental singular)
Gileadzie (locative singular)
Gileadzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew גִּלְעָד (gil'ád).

bor+

(biblical) Gilead (a region east of the Jordan river in Israel)


mim

mim (nominative singular)
mimy (nominative plural)
mimu (genitive singular)
mimów (genitive plural)
mimowi (dative singular)
mimom (dative plural)
mim (accusative singular)
mimy (accusative plural)
mimem (instrumental singular)
mimami (instrumental plural)
mimie (locative singular)
mimach (locative plural)
mimie (singular vocative)
mimy (plural vocative)

(theater) mime (classical theatrical entertainment in the form of farce)


varia

varia (nominative plural)
variów (genitive plural)
variom (dative plural)
varia (accusative plural)
variami (instrumental plural)
variach (locative plural)
varia (plural vocative)

(literature) varia, miscellany (collection of diverse texts, thoughts, or notes collected in a publication)


lala

lala (nominative singular)
lale (nominative plural)
lali (genitive singular)
lal (genitive plural)
lali (dative singular)
lalom (dative plural)
lalę (accusative singular)
lale (accusative plural)
lalą (instrumental singular)
lalami (instrumental plural)
lali (locative singular)
lalach (locative plural)
lalo (singular vocative)
lalu (singular vocative)
lale (plural vocative)

(childish) puppet (any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove)

(colloquial, derogatory) Barbie, bimbo (physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence)

(Central Greater Poland) sheepdog stick with lead inserted in the head


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


elegia

elegia (nominative singular)
elegie (nominative plural)
elegii (genitive singular)
elegii (genitive plural)
elegij (archaic genitive plural)
elegii (dative singular)
elegiom (dative plural)
elegię (accusative singular)
elegie (accusative plural)
elegią (instrumental singular)
elegiami (instrumental plural)
elegii (locative singular)
elegiach (locative plural)
elegio (singular vocative)
elegie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin elegīa, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγεία ᾠδή (elegeía ōidḗ, “an elegiac song”), from ἐλεγεία (elegeía), feminine of ἐλεγεῖος (elegeîos, “elegiac”), from ἔλεγος (élegos, “poem or song of lament”), perhaps from Phrygian.

der

(poetry) elegy (mournful or plaintive poem or song)

(music) elegy (composition of mournful character)


Kain

Kain (nominative singular)
Kaini (nominative plural)
Kainy (derogatory nominative plural)
Kaina (genitive singular)
Kainów (genitive plural)
Kainowi (dative singular)
Kainom (dative plural)
Kaina (accusative singular)
Kainów (accusative plural)
Kainem (instrumental singular)
Kainami (instrumental plural)
Kainie (locative singular)
Kainach (locative plural)
Kainie (singular vocative)
Kaini (plural vocative)


klaun

klaun (nominative singular)
klauni (nominative plural)
klauny (derogatory nominative plural)
klauna (genitive singular)
klaunów (genitive plural)
klaunowi (dative singular)
klaunom (dative plural)
klauna (accusative singular)
klaunów (accusative plural)
klaunem (instrumental singular)
klaunami (instrumental plural)
klaunie (locative singular)
klaunach (locative plural)
klaunie (singular vocative)
klauni (plural vocative)

(comedy) clown (performance artist working in a circus)


suita

suita (nominative singular)
suity (nominative plural)
suity (genitive singular)
suit (genitive plural)
suicie (dative singular)
suitom (dative plural)
suitę (accusative singular)
suity (accusative plural)
suitą (instrumental singular)
suitami (instrumental plural)
suicie (locative singular)
suitach (locative plural)
suito (singular vocative)
suity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French suite. Doublet of świta.

(theater) suite (spectacle comprising distinct scenes or stage forms)


resurs

resurs (nominative singular)
resursy (nominative plural)
resursu (genitive singular)
resursów (genitive plural)
resursowi (dative singular)
resursom (dative plural)
resurs (accusative singular)
resursy (accusative plural)
resursem (instrumental singular)
resursami (instrumental plural)
resursie (locative singular)
resursach (locative plural)
resursie (singular vocative)
resursy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ressource. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Russian ресу́рс (resúrs). Doublet of resursa (“social club”).


osoba

osóbka (diminutive)
osoba (nominative singular)
osoby (nominative plural)
osoby (genitive singular)
osób (genitive plural)
osobie (dative singular)
osobom (dative plural)
osobę (accusative singular)
osoby (accusative plural)
osobą (instrumental singular)
osobami (instrumental plural)
osobie (locative singular)
osobach (locative plural)
osobo (singular vocative)
osoby (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, theater) character in a play

→ (narratology) character in any work [with genitive ‘of what’]


chór

pl-noun

chór m inan (diminutive chórek, related adjective chóralny or chórowy)

chórek (diminutive)
chóralny (adjective)
chórowy (adjective)
chór (nominative singular)
chóry (nominative plural)
chóru (genitive singular)
chórów (genitive plural)
chórowi (dative singular)
chórom (dative plural)
chór (accusative singular)
chóry (accusative plural)
chórem (instrumental singular)
chórami (instrumental plural)
chórze (locative singular)
chórach (locative plural)
chórze (singular vocative)
chóry (plural vocative)

(countable, Ancient Greece, historical, theater) chorus (group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song)

(countable, Ancient Greece, historical, theater) chorus (song performed by the singers of such a group)


gnom

gnom (nominative singular)
gnomy (nominative plural)
gnoma (genitive singular)
gnomów (genitive plural)
gnomowi (dative singular)
gnomom (dative plural)
gnoma (accusative singular)
gnomy (accusative plural)
gnomem (instrumental singular)
gnomami (instrumental plural)
gnomie (locative singular)
gnomach (locative plural)
gnomie (singular vocative)
gnomy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).


fotos

fotos (nominative singular)
fotosy (nominative plural)
fotosu (genitive singular)
fotosów (genitive plural)
fotosowi (dative singular)
fotosom (dative plural)
fotos (accusative singular)
fotosy (accusative plural)
fotosem (instrumental singular)
fotosami (instrumental plural)
fotosie (locative singular)
fotosach (locative plural)
fotosie (singular vocative)
fotosy (plural vocative)


kanon

kanon m inan (related adjective kanonowy)

kanonowy (adjective)
kanon (nominative singular)
kanony (nominative plural)
kanonu (genitive singular)
kanonów (genitive plural)
kanonowi (dative singular)
kanonom (dative plural)
kanon (accusative singular)
kanony (accusative plural)
kanonem (instrumental singular)
kanonami (instrumental plural)
kanonie (locative singular)
kanonach (locative plural)
kanonie (singular vocative)
kanony (plural vocative)

(literature) canon (group of literary works that are generally accepted as representing a field)

(literature) canon (works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic)

(biblical, Christianity, Judaism) biblical canon (set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible)


protagonista

protagonista m pers (female equivalent protagonistka)

protagonistka (feminine)
protagonista (nominative singular)
protagoniści (nominative plural)
protagonisty (derogatory nominative plural)
protagonisty (genitive singular)
protagonistów (genitive plural)
protagoniście (dative singular)
protagonistom (dative plural)
protagonistę (accusative singular)
protagonistów (accusative plural)
protagonistą (instrumental singular)
protagonistami (instrumental plural)
protagoniście (locative singular)
protagonistach (locative plural)
protagonisto (singular vocative)
protagoniści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French protagoniste, from Ancient Greek πρωταγωνιστής (prōtagōnistḗs).

der

πρωταγωνιστής

(film, literature, theater) protagonist (main character)


samolot

samolot (nominative singular)
samoloty (nominative plural)
samolota (genitive singular)
samolotów (genitive plural)
samolotowi (dative singular)
samolotom (dative plural)
samolota (accusative singular)
samoloty (accusative plural)
samolotem (instrumental singular)
samolotami (instrumental plural)
samolocie (locative singular)
samolotach (locative plural)
samolocie (singular vocative)
samoloty (plural vocative)

From samo- + lot. Sense 1 was coined by Polish writer Władysław Umiński in 1911 in his book Samolotem naokoło świata. First attested in 1768. Compare Kashubian samòlot, Belarusian самалёт (samaljót), and Russian самолёт (samoljót).

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “samolot”, in Słownik języka polskiego

W tey ziemi ieſt ptak Pgenix, przy mieście Kleopolim, w którym ieſt Kościół po Kościele Ierozolimſkim pierwszy, w tym Kościele maią Xiężą czas y godzinę na piſmie, gdy Phenix abo Samolot.

1768, Alessandro Guagnini, Zbior Dziejopisow Polskich We Czterech Tomach Zawarty, volume 4, Kronika Sarmacyi Europskiey, page 696:

In this land, there is the bird Pgenix, near the city of Cleopoli, in which is the first Church after the Church of Jerusalem, in this Church they have the Prince's time and hour in writing, when Phenix or phoenix.

Swiat nasz iest to ów dawnieyszych mędrców samolot, (Phoenix) odrazaiący się z własnych popiołów; ow potwor pozeraiący własne członki wcelu wydania innego siebie.

1820, Jan Bazyli Tomicki, O przyczynie atrakcyi i repulsyi czyli Rzut uwag do ogólney zasady przyrodownictwa. Cz. 1, page 19:

Our world is that of the former sages phoenix, (Phoenix) reborn from its own ashes; a monster that devours its own limbs in order to give up another self.

(obsolete) phoenix (mythical firebird; especially the sacred one from ancient Egyptian mythology)


epos

epos (nominative singular)
eposy (nominative plural)
eposu (genitive singular)
eposów (genitive plural)
eposowi (dative singular)
eposom (dative plural)
epos (accusative singular)
eposy (accusative plural)
eposem (instrumental singular)
eposami (instrumental plural)
eposie (locative singular)
eposach (locative plural)
eposie (singular vocative)
eposy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin epos, from Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos).


cezura

cezura (nominative singular)
cezury (nominative plural)
cezury (genitive singular)
cezur (genitive plural)
cezurze (dative singular)
cezurom (dative plural)
cezurę (accusative singular)
cezury (accusative plural)
cezurą (instrumental singular)
cezurami (instrumental plural)
cezurze (locative singular)
cezurach (locative plural)
cezuro (singular vocative)
cezury (plural vocative)

(poetry) caesura (pause or interruption)


Tartar

Tartar (nominative singular)
Tartaru (genitive singular)
Tartarowi (dative singular)
Tartar (accusative singular)
Tartarem (instrumental singular)
Tartarze (locative singular)
Tartarze (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity) Tartarus (Greek New Testament word used for Hell (in Christian belief), derived from the pagan Greek use)


literatura

lit. (abbreviation)
literatura (nominative singular)
literatury (nominative plural)
literatury (genitive singular)
literatur (genitive plural)
literaturze (dative singular)
literaturom (dative plural)
literaturę (accusative singular)
literatury (accusative plural)
literaturą (instrumental singular)
literaturami (instrumental plural)
literaturze (locative singular)
literaturach (locative plural)
literaturo (singular vocative)
literatury (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: lëteratura

Learned borrowing from Latin litterātūra. First attested in 1754. Compare Silesian literatura.

ref

“LITERATURA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 27.09.2019

literature (all papers, treatises, etc.)

(education) literature (study of written works)

literature (all the papers, treatises etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject)


katharsis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).

lbor

(drama) catharsis (release of emotional tension)


ansambl

ansambl (nominative singular)
ansamble (nominative plural)
ansamblu (genitive singular)
ansambli (genitive plural)
ansamblów (genitive plural)
ansamblowi (dative singular)
ansamblom (dative plural)
ansambl (accusative singular)
ansamble (accusative plural)
ansamblem (instrumental singular)
ansamblami (instrumental plural)
ansamblu (locative singular)
ansamblach (locative plural)
ansamblu (singular vocative)
ansamble (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

(theater) ensemble (a mob scene or crowd scene in a theatrical or opera presentation)


feniks

feniks (nominative singular)
feniksy (nominative plural)
feniksa (genitive singular)
feniksów (genitive plural)
feniksowi (dative singular)
feniksom (dative plural)
feniksa (accusative singular)
feniksy (accusative plural)
feniksem (instrumental singular)
feniksami (instrumental plural)
feniksie (locative singular)
feniksach (locative plural)
feniksie (singular vocative)
feniksy (plural vocative)

Phoenix (German breed of long-tailed chicken)


anegdota

anegdotka (diminutive)
anegdota (nominative singular)
anegdoty (nominative plural)
anegdoty (genitive singular)
anegdot (genitive plural)
anegdocie (dative singular)
anegdotom (dative plural)
anegdotę (accusative singular)
anegdoty (accusative plural)
anegdotą (instrumental singular)
anegdotami (instrumental plural)
anegdocie (locative singular)
anegdotach (locative plural)
anegdoto (singular vocative)
anegdoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French anecdote, from Ancient Greek ἀνέκδοτος (anékdotos). First attested in 1791.

ref

Prince August Sułkowski (1791) Sekretna konferencya między ś. p. Xiążęciem S. Woiewodą Poznańskim a Marszałkiem Gurowskim w wieczności (in Polish), page 86


epik

epik (nominative singular)
epicy (nominative plural)
epiki (derogatory nominative plural)
epika (genitive singular)
epików (genitive plural)
epikowi (dative singular)
epikom (dative plural)
epika (accusative singular)
epików (accusative plural)
epikiem (instrumental singular)
epikami (instrumental plural)
epiku (locative singular)
epikach (locative plural)
epiku (singular vocative)
epicy (plural vocative)


dramaturgia

dramaturgia (nominative singular)
dramaturgii (genitive singular)
dramaturgii (dative singular)
dramaturgię (accusative singular)
dramaturgią (instrumental singular)
dramaturgii (locative singular)
dramaturgio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English dramaturgy, French dramaturgie, German Dramaturgie, ultimately from Ancient Greek δραματουργία (dramatourgía).

der

δραματουργία

dramaturgy, dramatology (study of dramatic composition and the representation of the main elements of drama on the stage)

(film, literature, music, theater) drama (act of building tension in the course of the plot in a literary, theatrical, cinematic, or musical work)

drama (course of events that keeps viewers in suspense)


Apokalipsa

Apokalipsa (nominative singular)
Apokalipsy (genitive singular)
Apokalipsie (dative singular)
Apokalipsę (accusative singular)
Apokalipsą (instrumental singular)
Apokalipsie (locative singular)
Apokalipso (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Apocalypsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis).

lbor

Apocalypse, Revelation (book of the Bible)


strategia

strategia (nominative singular)
strategie (nominative plural)
strategii (genitive singular)
strategii (genitive plural)
strategij (archaic genitive plural)
strategii (dative singular)
strategiom (dative plural)
strategię (accusative singular)
strategie (accusative plural)
strategią (instrumental singular)
strategiami (instrumental plural)
strategii (locative singular)
strategiach (locative plural)
strategio (singular vocative)
strategie (plural vocative)


akt

akcik (diminutive)
akt (nominative singular)
akty (nominative plural)
aktu (genitive singular)
aktów (genitive plural)
aktowi (dative singular)
aktom (dative plural)
akt (accusative singular)
akty (accusative plural)
aktem (instrumental singular)
aktami (instrumental plural)
akcie (locative singular)
aktach (locative plural)
akcie (singular vocative)
akty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin āctus. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from German Akt. First attested in 1529.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “akt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


cegła

pl-noun

cegła f (diminutive cegiełka, related adjective ceglany)

cegiełka (diminutive)
ceglany (adjective)
cegła (nominative singular)
cegły (nominative plural)
cegły (genitive singular)
cegieł (genitive plural)
cegle (dative singular)
cegłom (dative plural)
cegłę (accusative singular)
cegły (accusative plural)
cegłą (instrumental singular)
cegłami (instrumental plural)
cegle (locative singular)
cegłach (locative plural)
cegło (singular vocative)
cegły (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: цэ́гла (céhla)

→ Ukrainian: це́гла (céhla)

Borrowed from Middle High German ziegel, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ, from Latin tēgula.

(derogatory, figurative) thick and uninteresting book


farsa

farsa f (augmentative farsidło, related adjective farsowy)

farsidło (augmentative)
farsowy (adjective)
farsa (nominative singular)
farsy (nominative plural)
farsy (genitive singular)
fars (genitive plural)
farsie (dative singular)
farsom (dative plural)
farsę (accusative singular)
farsy (accusative plural)
farsą (instrumental singular)
farsami (instrumental plural)
farsie (locative singular)
farsach (locative plural)
farso (singular vocative)
farsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French farce. Doublet of farsz.

(theater) farce (style of humor marked by broad improbabilities with little regard to regularity or method)

(theater) farce (motion picture or play featuring this style of humor)

(colloquial) farce (situation abounding with ludicrous incidents)


ojciec

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

ojczulek (diminutive)
ojczysko (augmentative)
o. (abbreviation)
oo. (abbreviation)
ojciec (nominative singular)
ojcowie (nominative plural)
ojce (derogatory nominative plural)
ojca (genitive singular)
ojców (genitive plural)
ojcu (dative singular)
ojcom (dative plural)
ojca (accusative singular)
ojców (accusative plural)
ojcem (instrumental singular)
ojcami (instrumental plural)
ojcu (locative singular)
ojcach (locative plural)
ojcze (singular vocative)
ojcowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą


otaku

(fandom slang) otaku (person with an obsessive interest in something, particularly obsessive Japanese fans of anime or manga)


zakon

zakon (nominative singular)
zakony (nominative plural)
zakonu (genitive singular)
zakonów (genitive plural)
zakonowi (dative singular)
zakonom (dative plural)
zakon (accusative singular)
zakony (accusative plural)
zakonem (instrumental singular)
zakonami (instrumental plural)
zakonie (locative singular)
zakonach (locative plural)
zakonie (singular vocative)
zakony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zakon, from Proto-Slavic *zakonъ.


strofa

strofka (diminutive)
strofa (nominative singular)
strofy (nominative plural)
strofy (genitive singular)
strof (genitive plural)
strofie (dative singular)
strofom (dative plural)
strofę (accusative singular)
strofy (accusative plural)
strofą (instrumental singular)
strofami (instrumental plural)
strofie (locative singular)
strofach (locative plural)
strofo (singular vocative)
strofy (plural vocative)


czasownik

czasownik m inan (related adjective czasownikowy)

czasownikowy (adjective)
czasownik (nominative singular)
czasowniki (nominative plural)
czasownika (genitive singular)
czasowników (genitive plural)
czasownikowi (dative singular)
czasownikom (dative plural)
czasownik (accusative singular)
czasowniki (accusative plural)
czasownikiem (instrumental singular)
czasownikami (instrumental plural)
czasowniku (locative singular)
czasownikach (locative plural)
czasowniku (singular vocative)
czasowniki (plural vocative)

From czasowy + -nik. Calque of German Zeitwort.


prowadzić

pl-verb

prowadzić impf (frequentative prowadzać)

prowadzać (frequentative)
prowadzić (infinitive)
prowadzę (present singular)
prowadzimy (plural present)
prowadzisz (present singular)
prowadzicie (plural present)
prowadzi (present singular third-person)
prowadzą (plural present third-person)
prowadzi się (impersonal present)
prowadziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadził (masculine past singular third-person)
prowadziła (feminine past singular third-person)
prowadziło (neuter past singular third-person)
prowadzili (past plural third-person virile)
prowadziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
prowadzono (impersonal past)
będę prowadził (future masculine singular)
będę prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będę prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będę prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będę prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będę prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz prowadził (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie prowadził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą prowadzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą prowadzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie prowadzić się (future impersonal)
prowadziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by prowadził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
prowadziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by prowadziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
prowadziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by prowadziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
prowadziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by prowadzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
prowadziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
prowadzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech prowadzę (imperative singular)
prowadźmy (imperative plural)
prowadź (imperative singular)
prowadźcie (imperative plural)
niech prowadzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech prowadzą (imperative plural third-person)
prowadzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
prowadząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
prowadzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
prowadzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
prowadzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
prowadzony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
prowadzona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
prowadzone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
prowadzeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
prowadzone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
prowadząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
prowadzenie (noun-from-verb)

→ Kashubian: prowadzëc

→ Slovincian: prôwadzëc

(transitive, film, literature) to direct (to give a specific course to the plot of a literary or film work)


bies

biesisko (augmentative)
bies (nominative singular)
biesy (nominative plural)
biesa (genitive singular)
biesów (genitive plural)
biesowi (dative singular)
biesom (dative plural)
biesa (accusative singular)
biesy (accusative plural)
biesem (instrumental singular)
biesami (instrumental plural)
biesie (locative singular)
biesach (locative plural)
biesie (singular vocative)
biesy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bies, from Old Ruthenian бѣсъ (běs), from Proto-Slavic *bě̑sъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *baiˀsás (“someone frightening”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoyh₂-dʰh₁-so-s, from the root *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Compare Lithuanian baĩsas.
Expected native form *bias is attested in toponym Biasowice.


autobiografia

autobiografia (nominative singular)
autobiografii (genitive singular)
autobiografii (dative singular)
autobiografię (accusative singular)
autobiografią (instrumental singular)
autobiografii (locative singular)
autobiografio (singular vocative)


Disneyland

Disneyland (nominative singular)
Disneylandy (nominative plural)
Disneylandu (genitive singular)
Disneylandów (genitive plural)
Disneylandowi (dative singular)
Disneylandom (dative plural)
Disneyland (accusative singular)
Disneylandy (accusative plural)
Disneylandem (instrumental singular)
Disneylandami (instrumental plural)
Disneylandzie (locative singular)
Disneylandach (locative plural)
Disneylandzie (singular vocative)
Disneylandy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Disneyland.

ubor

Disneyland (archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California; other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong)


bibliofilia

bibliofilia (nominative singular)
bibliofilii (genitive singular)
bibliofilii (dative singular)
bibliofilię (accusative singular)
bibliofilią (instrumental singular)
bibliofilii (locative singular)
bibliofilio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -filia. First attested in 1841.


Septuaginta

Septuaginta (nominative singular)
Septuaginty (genitive singular)
Septuagincie (dative singular)
Septuagintę (accusative singular)
Septuagintą (instrumental singular)
Septuagincie (locative singular)
Septuaginto (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Septuāgintā.


sonet

sonecik (diminutive)
sonet (nominative singular)
sonety (nominative plural)
sonetu (genitive singular)
sonetów (genitive plural)
sonetowi (dative singular)
sonetom (dative plural)
sonet (accusative singular)
sonety (accusative plural)
sonetem (instrumental singular)
sonetami (instrumental plural)
sonecie (locative singular)
sonetach (locative plural)
sonecie (singular vocative)
sonety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian sonetto, from Old Occitan sonet, diminutive of son, from Latin sonus.


akcja

akcyjny (adjective)
akcja (nominative singular)
akcje (nominative plural)
akcji (genitive singular)
akcji (genitive plural)
akcyj (archaic genitive plural)
akcji (dative singular)
akcjom (dative plural)
akcję (accusative singular)
akcje (accusative plural)
akcją (instrumental singular)
akcjami (instrumental plural)
akcji (locative singular)
akcjach (locative plural)
akcjo (singular vocative)
akcje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akcjô

Learned borrowing from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”). Sense 1 and sense 6 are semantic loans from German Aktion or French action. First attested in 1553.

sl

akcja sceniczna

akcja dramatyczna

gra akcji

akcja sztuki

film akcji

akcja filmu

(film, literature, theater, video games) action (fast-paced activity especially in literature, play acting, or film)


sztuka

pl-noun

sztuka f (diminutive sztuczka, abbreviation szt.)

sztuczka (diminutive)
szt. (abbreviation)
sztuka (nominative singular)
sztuki (nominative plural)
sztuki (genitive singular)
sztuk (genitive plural)
sztuce (dative singular)
sztukom (dative plural)
sztukę (accusative singular)
sztuki (accusative plural)
sztuką (instrumental singular)
sztukami (instrumental plural)
sztuce (locative singular)
sztukach (locative plural)
sztuko (singular vocative)
sztuki (plural vocative)

→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)

Inherited from Old Polish sztuka. Sense 1 was derived from sense 12. Doublet of stiuk.

play (theatrical piece featuring actors)

play (single performance of such a piece)


encyklopedia

encyklopedia f (related adjective encyklopedyczny)

encyklopedyczny (adjective)
encyklopedia (nominative singular)
encyklopedie (nominative plural)
encyklopedii (genitive singular)
encyklopedii (genitive plural)
encyklopedyj (archaic genitive plural)
encyklopedii (dative singular)
encyklopediom (dative plural)
encyklopedię (accusative singular)
encyklopedie (accusative plural)
encyklopedią (instrumental singular)
encyklopediami (instrumental plural)
encyklopedii (locative singular)
encyklopediach (locative plural)
encyklopedio (singular vocative)
encyklopedie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English encyclopedia, French encyclopédie, German Enzyklopädie, ultimately from New Latin encyclopaedīa, from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ (enkúklios paideíā).

der

ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ

encyclopedia (comprehensive reference with articles on a range of topic)

encyclopedia (collection of information from a particular discipline of science or from different fields)


wampir

pl-noun

wampir m pers (female equivalent wampirzyca, diminutive wampirek, augmentative wampirzysko)

wampirzyca (feminine)
wampirek (diminutive)
wampirzysko (augmentative)
wampir (nominative singular)
wampirowie (nominative plural)
wampiry (nominative plural)
wampira (genitive singular)
wampirów (genitive plural)
wampirowi (dative singular)
wampirom (dative plural)
wampira (accusative singular)
wampirów (accusative plural)
wampirem (instrumental singular)
wampirami (instrumental plural)
wampirze (locative singular)
wampirach (locative plural)
wampirze (singular vocative)
wampirowie (plural vocative)
wampiry (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare German Vampir, Serbo-Croatian vàmpīr, Slovene vampír, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *ǫpyrь. Doublet of upiór and wąpierz.

wampir energetyczny

vampire (person who drains one's time, energy, money, etc.)


bohater

bohater m pers (female equivalent bohaterka)

bohaterka (feminine)
bohater (nominative singular)
bohaterowie (nominative plural)
bohaterzy (nominative plural)
bohatera (genitive singular)
bohaterów (genitive plural)
bohaterowi (dative singular)
bohaterom (dative plural)
bohatera (accusative singular)
bohaterów (accusative plural)
bohaterem (instrumental singular)
bohaterami (instrumental plural)
bohaterze (locative singular)
bohaterach (locative plural)
bohaterze (singular vocative)
bohaterowie (plural vocative)
bohaterzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic богатꙑрь (bogatyrĭ), from a Turkic language. First attested in 1606. Doublet of bogatyr. Compare Kyrgyz баатыр (baatır), Mongolian баатар (baatar) and Persian بهادر (bahâdor).

główny bohater

tytułowy bohater

filmowy bohater

bohater literacki

pierwszoplanowy bohater

telewizyjny bohater

bohater baśni

bohater dramatu

bohater powieści

bohater utworu

bohater filmu

bohater książki

bohater epopei/eposu

bohater serialu

dzieje bohatera

losy bohatera

przygody bohatera

śledzić losy bohaterów

(film, literature, narratology) character, protagonist


diabeł

diabeł m animal or m pers (female equivalent diablica, diminutive diabełek, related adjective diabli)

diabeł m animal or (canonical masculine person)
diablica (feminine)
diabełek (diminutive)
diabli (adjective)
diabeł (nominative singular)
diabły (nominative plural)
diabli (nominative plural)
diabła (genitive singular)
diabłów (genitive plural)
diabłu (dative singular)
diabłom (dative plural)
diabła (accusative singular)
diabły (accusative plural)
diabłów (accusative plural)
diabłem (instrumental singular)
diabłami (instrumental plural)
diable (locative singular)
diabłach (locative plural)
diable (singular vocative)
diabły (plural vocative)
diabli (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: diôbéł, diabéł, diobéł

→ Slovincian: djôùbel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δια- (dia-)
Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.
Ancient Greek βᾰ́λλω (bắllō)
Ancient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)
Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.
Latin diaboluslbor.
Old Czech diábelbor.
Old Polish dyjabeł
Polish diabeł
Inherited from Old Polish dyjabeł. Doublet of diabolo.

etymon

gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy

modli się pod figurą, a diabła ma za skórą

ubrał się diabeł w ornat i ogonem na mszę dzwoni

Coordinate term: anioł

(countable, religion, theology) devil (evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force)

Coordinate term: anioł

(countable, folklore) devil (fictional image of a man, usually red or orange in skin color; with a set of horns on his head, a pointed goatee, and a long tail, and carrying a pitchfork; that represents evil and portrayed to children in an effort to discourage bad behavior)

(countable, colloquial) daredevil (someone very capable, clever, or courageous)

(countable, Middle Polish, religion) foreign, pagan god; idol


typ

typ (nominative singular)
typy (nominative plural)
typu (genitive singular)
typów (genitive plural)
typowi (dative singular)
typom (dative plural)
typ (accusative singular)
typy (accusative plural)
typem (instrumental singular)
typami (instrumental plural)
typie (locative singular)
typach (locative plural)
typie (singular vocative)
typy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French type. First attested in 1688.

ref

Aleksandra Wieczorek (20.04.2021) “TYP”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(countable, film, literature) archetype (character presented as devoid of individual features and having only schematic features)


obcy

pl-adj

obcy (comparative bardziej obcy, superlative najbardziej obcy, derived adverb obco)

bardziej obcy (comparative)
najbardziej obcy (superlative)
obcy (masculine nominative singular)
obca (feminine nominative singular)
obce (neuter nominative singular)
obcy (nominative plural virile)
obce (nominative plural)
obcego (genitive masculine singular)
obcej (feminine genitive singular)
obcego (genitive neuter singular)
obcych (genitive plural)
obcych (genitive plural virile)
obcemu (dative masculine singular)
obcej (dative feminine singular)
obcemu (dative neuter singular)
obcym (dative plural)
obcym (dative plural virile)
obcego (accusative animate masculine singular)
obcy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
obcą (accusative feminine singular)
obce (accusative neuter singular)
obcych (accusative plural virile)
obce (accusative plural)
obcym (instrumental masculine singular)
obcą (feminine instrumental singular)
obcym (instrumental neuter singular)
obcymi (instrumental plural)
obcymi (instrumental plural virile)
obcym (locative masculine singular)
obcej (feminine locative singular)
obcym (locative neuter singular)
obcych (locative plural)
obcych (locative plural virile)

(nominalized, science fiction, ufology) extraterrestrial, alien (not coming from Earth)


wiersz

pl-noun

wiersz m inan (diminutive wierszyk, augmentative wierszydło)

wierszyk (diminutive)
wierszydło (augmentative)
wiersz (nominative singular)
wiersze (nominative plural)
wiersza (genitive singular)
wierszy (genitive plural)
wierszowi (dative singular)
wierszom (dative plural)
wiersz (accusative singular)
wiersze (accusative plural)
wierszem (instrumental singular)
wierszami (instrumental plural)
wierszu (locative singular)
wierszach (locative plural)
wierszu (singular vocative)
wiersze (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin versus. Compare Belarusian верш (vjerš), Ukrainian вірш (virš). Doublet of wers.

(poetry) poem (literary piece written in verse)


antologia

antologia (nominative singular)
antologie (nominative plural)
antologii (genitive singular)
antologii (genitive plural)
antologij (archaic genitive plural)
antologii (dative singular)
antologiom (dative plural)
antologię (accusative singular)
antologie (accusative plural)
antologią (instrumental singular)
antologiami (instrumental plural)
antologii (locative singular)
antologiach (locative plural)
antologio (singular vocative)
antologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin anthologia, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología).

lbor

(literature) anthology (a collection of literary works)


synchron

synchron (nominative singular)
synchrony (nominative plural)
synchronu (genitive singular)
synchronów (genitive plural)
synchronowi (dative singular)
synchronom (dative plural)
synchron (accusative singular)
synchrony (accusative plural)
synchronem (instrumental singular)
synchronami (instrumental plural)
synchronie (locative singular)
synchronach (locative plural)
synchronie (singular vocative)
synchrony (plural vocative)

Clipping of synchronizm /synchronizacja.

(film, music) synchronization (act of recording sound on one medium)


inkunabuł

inkunabuł (nominative singular)
inkunabuły (nominative plural)
inkunabułu (genitive singular)
inkunabułów (genitive plural)
inkunabułowi (dative singular)
inkunabułom (dative plural)
inkunabuł (accusative singular)
inkunabuły (accusative plural)
inkunabułem (instrumental singular)
inkunabułami (instrumental plural)
inkunabule (locative singular)
inkunabułach (locative plural)
inkunabule (singular vocative)
inkunabuły (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin incūnābula.

(historical, printing) incunabulum, palaeotype (book, single sheet, or image that was printed before the year 1501 in Europe)


ifrit

ifrit (nominative singular)
ifrity (nominative plural)
ifrita (genitive singular)
ifritów (genitive plural)
ifritowi (dative singular)
ifritom (dative plural)
ifrita (accusative singular)
ifrity (accusative plural)
ifritem (instrumental singular)
ifritami (instrumental plural)
ifricie (locative singular)
ifritach (locative plural)
ifricie (singular vocative)
ifrity (plural vocative)


antagonista

pl-noun

antagonista m pers (female equivalent antagonistka)

antagonistka (feminine)
antagonista (nominative singular)
antagoniści (nominative plural)
antagonisty (derogatory nominative plural)
antagonisty (genitive singular)
antagonistów (genitive plural)
antagoniście (dative singular)
antagonistom (dative plural)
antagonistę (accusative singular)
antagonistów (accusative plural)
antagonistą (instrumental singular)
antagonistami (instrumental plural)
antagoniście (locative singular)
antagonistach (locative plural)
antagonisto (singular vocative)
antagoniści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antagoniste, from Latin antagōnista, from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs).

der

ἀνταγωνιστής

(film, literature, theater) antagonist (main opponent)


zły

pl-adj

zły (comparative gorszy, superlative najgorszy, derived adverb źle)

gorszy (comparative)
najgorszy (superlative)

bad; broken (of a body or body parts: not functioning)


filmologia

filmologia (nominative singular)
filmologii (genitive singular)
filmologii (dative singular)
filmologię (accusative singular)
filmologią (instrumental singular)
filmologii (locative singular)
filmologio (singular vocative)


filmografia

pl-noun

filmografia f (related adjective filmograficzny)

filmograficzny (adjective)
filmografia (nominative singular)
filmografie (nominative plural)
filmografii (genitive singular)
filmografii (genitive plural)
filmografij (archaic genitive plural)
filmografii (dative singular)
filmografiom (dative plural)
filmografię (accusative singular)
filmografie (accusative plural)
filmografią (instrumental singular)
filmografiami (instrumental plural)
filmografii (locative singular)
filmografiach (locative plural)
filmografio (singular vocative)
filmografie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English filmography, French filmographie, German Filmografie.

filmography (selective list of movie titles that share a similar characteristic such as the same genre, the same director, the same actor, etc.)


miniatura

miniatura f (diminutive miniaturka, related adjective miniaturowy)

miniaturka (diminutive)
miniaturowy (adjective)
miniatura (nominative singular)
miniatury (nominative plural)
miniatury (genitive singular)
miniatur (genitive plural)
miniaturze (dative singular)
miniaturom (dative plural)
miniaturę (accusative singular)
miniatury (accusative plural)
miniaturą (instrumental singular)
miniaturami (instrumental plural)
miniaturze (locative singular)
miniaturach (locative plural)
miniaturo (singular vocative)
miniatury (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, theater) miniature (composition which is short in duration)


Bóg

Bóg (nominative singular)
Boga (genitive singular)
Bogu (dative singular)
Boga (accusative singular)
Bogiem (instrumental singular)
Bogu (locative singular)
Boże (singular vocative)

From bóg. Calque of Latin Deus. Compare English God.

jak Pan Bóg chce ukarać, to rozum odbiera


anioł

anioł m animal or m pers (female equivalent anielica, diminutive aniołek, related adjective aniołowy or anielski)

anioł m animal or (canonical masculine person)
anielica (feminine)
aniołek (diminutive)
aniołowy (adjective)
anielski (adjective)
anioł (nominative singular)
anioły (nominative plural)
aniołowie (nominative plural)
anieli (nominative plural)
anioła (genitive singular)
aniołów (genitive plural)
aniołowi (dative singular)
aniołom (dative plural)
anioła (accusative singular)
anioły (accusative plural)
aniołów (accusative plural)
aniołem (instrumental singular)
aniołami (instrumental plural)
aniele (locative singular)
aniołach (locative plural)
aniele (singular vocative)
anioły (plural vocative)
aniołowie (plural vocative)
anieli (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: анёл (anjól)

→ Kashubian: aniół

(biblical, Christianity, Islam, Judaism) angel (incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes)


gazeta

gazeta f (diminutive gazetka, augmentative gazecidło or gazecisko, related adjective gazetowy)

gazetka (diminutive)
gazecidło (augmentative)
gazecisko (augmentative)
gazetowy (adjective)
gazeta (nominative singular)
gazety (nominative plural)
gazety (genitive singular)
gazet (genitive plural)
gazecie (dative singular)
gazetom (dative plural)
gazetę (accusative singular)
gazety (accusative plural)
gazetą (instrumental singular)
gazetami (instrumental plural)
gazecie (locative singular)
gazetach (locative plural)
gazeto (singular vocative)
gazety (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: gazéta

Borrowed from French gazette. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian gazyta.

ref

“GAZETA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 12.04.2023

(publishing) newspaper (publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles)

newspaper (editing team of such a publication)

newspaper (building where such a publication is headquarted)

newspaper (those working for such a publication)

newspaper (single edition of such a publication)

(publishing) newspaper, newsprint (paper on which newspapers are printed)


taniec

pl-noun

taniec m inan (related adjective taneczny or tańcowy)

taneczny (adjective)
tańcowy (adjective)
taniec (nominative singular)
tańce (nominative plural)
tańca (genitive singular)
tańców (genitive plural)
tańcowi (dative singular)
tańcom (dative plural)
taniec (accusative singular)
tańce (accusative plural)
tańcem (instrumental singular)
tańcami (instrumental plural)
tańcu (locative singular)
tańcach (locative plural)
tańcu (singular vocative)
tańce (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German tanz. Compare German Tanz.

(colloquial, in the plural) dance party with music


zmiana

zmiana (nominative singular)
zmiany (nominative plural)
zmiany (genitive singular)
zmian (genitive plural)
zmianie (dative singular)
zmianom (dative plural)
zmianę (accusative singular)
zmiany (accusative plural)
zmianą (instrumental singular)
zmianami (instrumental plural)
zmianie (locative singular)
zmianach (locative plural)
zmiano (singular vocative)
zmiany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)


cyklop

pl-noun

cyklop m pers (related adjective cyklopi or cyklopowy)

cyklopi (adjective)
cyklopowy (adjective)
cyklop (nominative singular)
cyklopi (nominative plural)
cyklopy (derogatory nominative plural)
cyklopa (genitive singular)
cyklopów (genitive plural)
cyklopowi (dative singular)
cyklopom (dative plural)
cyklopa (accusative singular)
cyklopów (accusative plural)
cyklopem (instrumental singular)
cyklopami (instrumental plural)
cyklopie (locative singular)
cyklopach (locative plural)
cyklopie (singular vocative)
cyklopi (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) cyclops (giant of mythology)


cyklop

cyklop (nominative singular)
cyklopy (nominative plural)
cyklopa (genitive singular)
cyklopów (genitive plural)
cyklopowi (dative singular)
cyklopom (dative plural)
cyklopa (accusative singular)
cyklopy (accusative plural)
cyklopem (instrumental singular)
cyklopami (instrumental plural)
cyklopie (locative singular)
cyklopach (locative plural)
cyklopie (singular vocative)
cyklopy (plural vocative)

cyclops (any copepod of the genus Cyclops)


sytuacja

sytuacja (nominative singular)
sytuacje (nominative plural)
sytuacji (genitive singular)
sytuacji (genitive plural)
sytuacyj (archaic genitive plural)
sytuacji (dative singular)
sytuacjom (dative plural)
sytuację (accusative singular)
sytuacje (accusative plural)
sytuacją (instrumental singular)
sytuacjami (instrumental plural)
sytuacji (locative singular)
sytuacjach (locative plural)
sytuacjo (singular vocative)
sytuacje (plural vocative)

Kashubian: sytuacjô

Borrowed from French situation. By surface analysis, sytuować + -cja. First attested in 1665–1683.

ref

Jan III Sobieski ((Can we date this quote?)) Listy do Marysieńki, (1665 - 1683) (in Polish), published 1962, page 578: “Przed wczorem widzieliśmy paszów dwóch, alepskiego i nikopolskiego, wychodzących z ludźmi swymi, których było pewnie do obrony najmniej cztery tysiące; zamku zaś sytuacja tak mocna, że to cud nad cudami, że się ci ludzie poddali.”

situation (combination of circumstances at a given moment) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]

fragment of action, especially in a play or movie


wybór

wybór (nominative singular)
wybory (nominative plural)
wyboru (genitive singular)
wyborów (genitive plural)
wyborowi (dative singular)
wyborom (dative plural)
wybór (accusative singular)
wybory (accusative plural)
wyborem (instrumental singular)
wyborami (instrumental plural)
wyborze (locative singular)
wyborach (locative plural)
wyborze (singular vocative)
wybory (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wybór. By surface analysis, deverbal from wybrać. Compare Czech výbor, Kashubian wëbór, and Russian вы́бор (výbor).

surf

(literature) selection (collection of works of literature or art put together because of certain common characteristics)


jaskółka

jaskółeczka (diminutive)
jaskółka (nominative singular)
jaskółki (nominative plural)
jaskółki (genitive singular)
jaskółek (genitive plural)
jaskółce (dative singular)
jaskółkom (dative plural)
jaskółkę (accusative singular)
jaskółki (accusative plural)
jaskółką (instrumental singular)
jaskółkami (instrumental plural)
jaskółce (locative singular)
jaskółkach (locative plural)
jaskółko (singular vocative)
jaskółki (plural vocative)

(architecture, obsolete, theater) gods, paradise (the upper gallery in a theatre)


strona

pl-noun

strona f (diminutive stronka, abbreviation s. or str. or ss. or pp.)

stronka (diminutive)
s. (abbreviation)
str. (abbreviation)
ss. (abbreviation)
pp. (abbreviation)
strona (nominative singular)
strony (nominative plural)
strony (genitive singular)
stron (genitive plural)
stronie (dative singular)
stronom (dative plural)
stronę (accusative singular)
strony (accusative plural)
stroną (instrumental singular)
stronami (instrumental plural)
stronie (locative singular)
stronach (locative plural)
strono (singular vocative)
strony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish strona. Sense 11 is a semantic loan from Latin genus verbī, English voice, and German Diathese, and sense 3 is a semantic loan from English website, webpage, German Webseite, French page, and Russian ве́б-страни́ца (véb-straníca).

sl

ве́б-страни́ца

side (one half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone)


rodzaj

pl-noun

rodzaj m inan (related adjective rodzajowy, abbreviation r. or rodz.)

rodzajowy (adjective)
r. (abbreviation)
rodz. (abbreviation)
rodzaj (nominative singular)
rodzaje (nominative plural)
rodzaju (genitive singular)
rodzajów (genitive plural)
rodzai (genitive plural)
rodzajowi (dative singular)
rodzajom (dative plural)
rodzaj (accusative singular)
rodzaje (accusative plural)
rodzajem (instrumental singular)
rodzajami (instrumental plural)
rodzaju (locative singular)
rodzajach (locative plural)
rodzaju (singular vocative)
rodzaje (plural vocative)

(literature) genre (one of three types of literature, lyric, epic or drama)


postać

postaciowy (adjective)
postać (nominative singular)
postacie (nominative plural)
postaci (nominative plural)
postaci (genitive singular)
postaci (genitive plural)
postaci (dative singular)
postaciom (dative plural)
postać (accusative singular)
postacie (accusative plural)
postaci (accusative plural)
postacią (instrumental singular)
postaciami (instrumental plural)
postaci (locative singular)
postaciach (locative plural)
postaci (singular vocative)
postacie (plural vocative)
postaci (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish postać (noun). Compare Russian стать (statʹ) (noun), Ukrainian стать (statʹ) and постать (postatʹ).

Near-synonym: figura

(narratology) character (agent within a story)


daktyl

daktyl m animal or m inan (related adjective daktylowy)

daktyl m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
daktylowy (adjective)
daktyl (nominative singular)
daktyle (nominative plural)
daktyla (genitive singular)
daktyli (genitive plural)
daktylów (genitive plural)
daktylowi (dative singular)
daktylom (dative plural)
daktyla (accusative singular)
daktyl (accusative singular)
daktyle (accusative plural)
daktylem (instrumental singular)
daktylami (instrumental plural)
daktylu (locative singular)
daktylach (locative plural)
daktylu (singular vocative)
daktyle (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) dactyl (metrical foot of three syllables (— ⏑ ⏑), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented)


numer

numer m inan (diminutive numerek, related adjective numerowy, abbreviation nr)

numerek (diminutive)
numerowy (adjective)
nr (abbreviation)
numer (nominative singular)
numery (nominative plural)
numeru (genitive singular)
numerów (genitive plural)
numerowi (dative singular)
numerom (dative plural)
numer (accusative singular)
numery (accusative plural)
numerem (instrumental singular)
numerami (instrumental plural)
numerze (locative singular)
numerach (locative plural)
numerze (singular vocative)
numery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Nummer. First attested in 1772.

ref

Aleksandra Wieczorek (23.04.2021) “NUMER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

number (anything marked in such a sequence)

(colloquial) quickie (sexual intercourse in a hurry and in a place not intended for this purpose, especially with a prostitute)


partia

partyjka (diminutive)
partia (nominative singular)
partie (nominative plural)
partii (genitive singular)
partii (genitive plural)
partyj (archaic genitive plural)
partii (dative singular)
partiom (dative plural)
partię (accusative singular)
partie (accusative plural)
partią (instrumental singular)
partiami (instrumental plural)
partii (locative singular)
partiach (locative plural)
partio (singular vocative)
partie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: partiô

Borrowed from French partie. First attested in the second half of the 17th century.

ref

Paweł Kupiszewski (14.11.2016) “PARTYJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “partia”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(games) match, game (particular instance of playing a game)


Tomasz

Tomasz (nominative singular)
Tomasza (genitive singular)
Tomaszowi (dative singular)
Tomasza (accusative singular)
Tomaszem (instrumental singular)
Tomaszu (locative singular)
Tomaszu (singular vocative)

(biblical) Thomas (prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


sprawa

pl-noun

sprawa f (diminutive sprawka, augmentative sprawina)

sprawka (diminutive)
sprawina (augmentative)
sprawa (nominative singular)
sprawy (nominative plural)
sprawy (genitive singular)
spraw (genitive plural)
sprawie (dative singular)
sprawom (dative plural)
sprawę (accusative singular)
sprawy (accusative plural)
sprawą (instrumental singular)
sprawami (instrumental plural)
sprawie (locative singular)
sprawach (locative plural)
sprawo (singular vocative)
sprawy (plural vocative)

→ Slovincian: sprawa

Inherited from Old Polish sprawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from sprawić.
Cognates
East Slavic cognates include Belarusian спра́ва (správa), Russian спра́ва (správa), and Ukrainian спра́ва (správa).
South Slavic cognates include Serbo-Croatian sprȁva/спра̏ва and Macedonian справа (sprava).
Western Slavic cognates include Kashubian sprawa, Silesian sprawa, Czech správa, and Slovak správa.

surf

Sprawa IV złożona z 6 części, czyli scen.

1841, Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, Teatr starożytny w Polsce Kazimiérza Władysława Wojcickiego, volume 1, page 290:

Act 4 composed of 6 parts, in other words scenes.

W bibliotece kórnickiej jest broszura ćwiartkowa […] obejmująca dialog podzielony na sprawy (akty).

1851-1852, Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 3, pages 1, 17:

In the Kórnik library there is a quarter broshure […] containing dialog divided into acts (acts).

(obsolete, theater) act (division of a theatrical performance)


potwór

pl-noun

potwór m animal (female equivalent potwora, diminutive potworek)

potwora (feminine)
potworek (diminutive)
potwór (nominative singular)
potwory (nominative plural)
potwora (genitive singular)
potworów (genitive plural)
potworowi (dative singular)
potworom (dative plural)
potwora (accusative singular)
potwory (accusative plural)
potworem (instrumental singular)
potworami (instrumental plural)
potworze (locative singular)
potworach (locative plural)
potworze (singular vocative)
potwory (plural vocative)

From earlier potwora, from Proto-Slavic *potvora. By surface analysis, deverbal from potworzyć. Compare Slovak potvora and Ukrainian потво́ра (potvóra). Also compare the semantic development of English creature.


przewodnik

przewodnik (nominative singular)
przewodniki (nominative plural)
przewodnika (genitive singular)
przewodników (genitive plural)
przewodnikowi (dative singular)
przewodnikom (dative plural)
przewodnik (accusative singular)
przewodniki (accusative plural)
przewodnikiem (instrumental singular)
przewodnikami (instrumental plural)
przewodniku (locative singular)
przewodnikach (locative plural)
przewodniku (singular vocative)
przewodniki (plural vocative)

conductor (something which can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound)


przewodnik

pl-noun

przewodnik m pers (female equivalent przewodniczka)

przewodniczka (feminine)
przewodnik (nominative singular)
przewodnicy (nominative plural)
przewodniki (derogatory nominative plural)
przewodnika (genitive singular)
przewodników (genitive plural)
przewodnikowi (dative singular)
przewodnikom (dative plural)
przewodnika (accusative singular)
przewodników (accusative plural)
przewodnikiem (instrumental singular)
przewodnikami (instrumental plural)
przewodniku (locative singular)
przewodnikach (locative plural)
przewodniku (singular vocative)
przewodnicy (plural vocative)


żart

żarcik (diminutive)
żart (nominative singular)
żarty (nominative plural)
żartu (genitive singular)
żartów (genitive plural)
żartowi (dative singular)
żartom (dative plural)
żart (accusative singular)
żarty (accusative plural)
żartem (instrumental singular)
żartami (instrumental plural)
żarcie (locative singular)
żartach (locative plural)
żarcie (singular vocative)
żarty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: жарт (žart)

→ Ukrainian: жарт (žart)

Deverbal from żartować. Compare Slovak žart, Czech žert.


koncert

koncert m inan (diminutive koncercik, related adjective koncertowy)

koncercik (diminutive)
koncertowy (adjective)
koncert (nominative singular)
koncerty (nominative plural)
koncertu (genitive singular)
koncertów (genitive plural)
koncertowi (dative singular)
koncertom (dative plural)
koncert (accusative singular)
koncerty (accusative plural)
koncertem (instrumental singular)
koncertami (instrumental plural)
koncercie (locative singular)
koncertach (locative plural)
koncercie (singular vocative)
koncerty (plural vocative)

(music) concert (musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part)

(music) concerto (piece of music for one or more solo instruments and orchestra)


przedstawienie

przedstawienie (nominative singular)
przedstawienia (nominative plural)
przedstawienia (genitive singular)
przedstawień (genitive plural)
przedstawieniu (dative singular)
przedstawieniom (dative plural)
przedstawienie (accusative singular)
przedstawienia (accusative plural)
przedstawieniem (instrumental singular)
przedstawieniami (instrumental plural)
przedstawieniu (locative singular)
przedstawieniach (locative plural)
przedstawienie (singular vocative)
przedstawienia (plural vocative)

(countable, ballet, opera, theater) performance


zabawa

zabawowy (adjective)
zabawa (nominative singular)
zabawy (nominative plural)
zabawy (genitive singular)
zabaw (genitive plural)
zabawie (dative singular)
zabawom (dative plural)
zabawę (accusative singular)
zabawy (accusative plural)
zabawą (instrumental singular)
zabawami (instrumental plural)
zabawie (locative singular)
zabawach (locative plural)
zabawo (singular vocative)
zabawy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zabawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from zabawić.

surf

party (gathering of usually invited guests for entertainment, fun and socializing)