słownik

pl-noun

słownik m inan (diminutive słowniczek, related adjective słownikowy)

słowniczek (diminutive)
słownikowy (adjective)
słownik (nominative singular)
słowniki (nominative plural)
słownika (genitive singular)
słowników (genitive plural)
słownikowi (dative singular)
słownikom (dative plural)
słownik (accusative singular)
słowniki (accusative plural)
słownikiem (instrumental singular)
słownikami (instrumental plural)
słowniku (locative singular)
słownikach (locative plural)
słowniku (singular vocative)
słowniki (plural vocative)

From słowo + -nik. Compare Czech slovník, Slovak slovník.


robot

robot m animal (female equivalent (rare) robotka)

robotka (feminine rare)
robot (nominative singular)
roboty (nominative plural)
robota (genitive singular)
robotów (genitive plural)
robotowi (dative singular)
robotom (dative plural)
robot (accusative singular)
robota (accusative singular)
roboty (accusative plural)
robotem (instrumental singular)
robotami (instrumental plural)
robocie (locative singular)
robotach (locative plural)
robocie (singular vocative)
roboty (plural vocative)


industrial

industrial (nominative singular)
industrialu (genitive singular)
industrialowi (dative singular)
industrial (accusative singular)
industrialem (instrumental singular)
industrialu (locative singular)
industrialu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English industrial.

ubor

industrial music (noisy, experimental genre of music with transgressive themes)


UFO

Orthographic borrowing from English UFO.

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object

(science fiction, ufology) UFO, unidentified flying object


bit

bit (nominative singular)
bitu (genitive singular)
bitowi (dative singular)
bit (accusative singular)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bicie (locative singular)
bicie (singular vocative)

polski bit

big beat (form of pop music having distorted breakbeats at a moderate tempo)


gag

gag (nominative singular)
gagi (nominative plural)
gagu (genitive singular)
gagów (genitive plural)
gagowi (dative singular)
gagom (dative plural)
gag (accusative singular)
gagi (accusative plural)
gagiem (instrumental singular)
gagami (instrumental plural)
gagu (locative singular)
gagach (locative plural)
gagu (singular vocative)
gagi (plural vocative)


country

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from country music.


musical

musical (nominative singular)
musicale (nominative plural)
musicalu (genitive singular)
musicali (genitive plural)
musicalowi (dative singular)
musicalom (dative plural)
musical (accusative singular)
musicale (accusative plural)
musicalem (instrumental singular)
musicalami (instrumental plural)
musicalu (locative singular)
musicalach (locative plural)
musicalu (singular vocative)
musicale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English musical, from Middle English musical, from Old French, from Medieval Latin mūsicālis, from Latin mūsica + -ālis.

ubor

(film, music, theater) musical (stage performance, show or film)


humor

pl-noun

humor m inan (diminutive humorek, related adjective humorny)

humorek (diminutive)
humorny (adjective)
humor (nominative singular)
humory (nominative plural)
humoru (genitive singular)
humorów (genitive plural)
humorowi (dative singular)
humorom (dative plural)
humor (accusative singular)
humory (accusative plural)
humorem (instrumental singular)
humorami (instrumental plural)
humorze (locative singular)
humorach (locative plural)
humorze (singular vocative)
humory (plural vocative)

(uncountable) humour (ability to see what the funny side of things and make others laugh)

(uncountable) humour (quality of being amusing, comical, funny)

(uncountable) humour (collection of texts or fragments of texts that entertain or make people laugh)

czarny humor

wisielczy humor

poczucie humoru

(uncountable) humour, mood (temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim)

(uncountable) good mood (mental state characterized by the dominance of positive feelings as a result of the relationship of a person to the surrounding world)

(countable, historical, medicine) humour (any of the fluids in an animal body, especially the four "cardinal humours" of blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm that were believed to control the health and mood of the human body)


after

after (nominative singular)
aftery (nominative plural)
afteru (genitive singular)
afterów (genitive plural)
afterowi (dative singular)
afterom (dative plural)
after (accusative singular)
aftery (accusative plural)
afterem (instrumental singular)
afterami (instrumental plural)
afterze (locative singular)
afterach (locative plural)
afterze (singular vocative)
aftery (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from after-party.


epigram

epigram (nominative singular)
epigramy (nominative plural)
epigramu (genitive singular)
epigramów (genitive plural)
epigramowi (dative singular)
epigramom (dative plural)
epigram (accusative singular)
epigramy (accusative plural)
epigramem (instrumental singular)
epigramami (instrumental plural)
epigramie (locative singular)
epigramach (locative plural)
epigramie (singular vocative)
epigramy (plural vocative)

(poetry) epigram (short, witty or pithy poem)


wij

wij (nominative singular)
wije (nominative plural)
wija (genitive singular)
wijów (genitive plural)
wijowi (dative singular)
wijom (dative plural)
wija (accusative singular)
wije (accusative plural)
wijem (instrumental singular)
wijami (instrumental plural)
wiju (locative singular)
wijach (locative plural)
wiju (singular vocative)
wije (plural vocative)

Probably related to Ukrainian вій (vij), which refers to the same creature.

(Slavic mythology) viy (creature with gigantic eyelids and eyelashes from hell who kills by looking at people)


minister

pl-noun

minister m pers (female equivalent minister or ministerka, abbreviation min.)

minister (feminine)
ministerka (feminine)
min. (abbreviation)
minister (nominative singular)
ministrowie (nominative plural)
ministry (derogatory nominative plural)
ministra (genitive singular)
ministrów (genitive plural)
ministrowi (dative singular)
ministrom (dative plural)
ministra (accusative singular)
ministrów (accusative plural)
ministrem (instrumental singular)
ministrami (instrumental plural)
ministrze (locative singular)
ministrach (locative plural)
ministrze (singular vocative)
ministrowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish minister. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French ministre.

sl

(Middle Polish, biblical, expressive, paganism) priest of pagan cults


herbatka

herbatka (nominative singular)
herbatki (nominative plural)
herbatki (genitive singular)
herbatek (genitive plural)
herbatce (dative singular)
herbatkom (dative plural)
herbatkę (accusative singular)
herbatki (accusative plural)
herbatką (instrumental singular)
herbatkami (instrumental plural)
herbatce (locative singular)
herbatkach (locative plural)
herbatko (singular vocative)
herbatki (plural vocative)


herbata

pl-noun

herbata f (diminutive herbatka, augmentative herbacina, related adjective herbaciany or herbatni or herbatowy)

herbatka (diminutive)
herbacina (augmentative)
herbaciany (adjective)
herbatni (adjective)
herbatowy (adjective)
herbata (nominative singular)
herbaty (nominative plural)
herbaty (genitive singular)
herbat (genitive plural)
herbacie (dative singular)
herbatom (dative plural)
herbatę (accusative singular)
herbaty (accusative plural)
herbatą (instrumental singular)
herbatami (instrumental plural)
herbacie (locative singular)
herbatach (locative plural)
herbato (singular vocative)
herbaty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: гарба́та (harbáta)

desc

→ Kashubian: arbata, rabata, erbata, rebata

→ Lithuanian: arbata

→ Samogitian: erbeta

→ Ukrainian: герба́та (herbáta)

Learned borrowing from New Latin herba thea, the second element from Dutch thee, from Malay teh, from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

lbor

(uncountable) tea (modest afternoon party)


szkoła

pl-noun

szkoła f (diminutive szkółka, augmentative szkolisko)

szkółka (diminutive)
szkolisko (augmentative)
szkoła (nominative singular)
szkoły (nominative plural)
szkoły (genitive singular)
szkół (genitive plural)
szkole (dative singular)
szkołom (dative plural)
szkołę (accusative singular)
szkoły (accusative plural)
szkołą (instrumental singular)
szkołami (instrumental plural)
szkole (locative singular)
szkołach (locative plural)
szkoło (singular vocative)
szkoły (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: szkòła

→ Slovincian: szkôla

Inherited from Old Polish szkoła. Doublet of schola.

school (education taking place in the building)

schooling, education (skills and abilities acquired at school)

school (particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; followers of a doctrine)

book for learning how to play an instrument


kawa

kawa f (diminutive kawka or kawcia or kawunia or kawusia, related adjective kawowy)

kawka (diminutive)
kawcia (diminutive)
kawunia (diminutive)
kawusia (diminutive)
kawowy (adjective)
kawa (nominative singular)
kawy (nominative plural)
kawy (genitive singular)
kaw (genitive plural)
kawie (dative singular)
kawom (dative plural)
kawę (accusative singular)
kawy (accusative plural)
kawą (instrumental singular)
kawami (instrumental plural)
kawie (locative singular)
kawach (locative plural)
kawo (singular vocative)
kawy (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: קאַווע (kave)

Internationalism; compare Hungarian kávé, Serbo-Croatian kava, Turkish kahve, ultimately from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve). Doublet of café.

(uncountable) coffee (beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water)

(countable) coffee (serving of this beverage)

(countable) coffee (act of drinking this beverage)

(countable) coffee (any plant of the genus Coffea)

(countable) coffee (seeds of the plant used to make coffee, called “beans” due to their shape)

(countable) coffee-like beverage made from grains, seeds, or roots of various plants

(countable) coffee (short social gathering where coffee is served)


kawa

kawa (nominative singular)
kawy (nominative plural)
kawy (genitive singular)
kaw (genitive plural)
kawie (dative singular)
kawom (dative plural)
kawę (accusative singular)
kawy (accusative plural)
kawą (instrumental singular)
kawami (instrumental plural)
kawie (locative singular)
kawach (locative plural)
kawo (singular vocative)
kawy (plural vocative)

(obsolete or dialectal) jackdaw (any corvid of the genus Coloeus)


song

song (nominative singular)
songi (nominative plural)
songu (genitive singular)
songów (genitive plural)
songowi (dative singular)
songom (dative plural)
song (accusative singular)
songi (accusative plural)
songiem (instrumental singular)
songami (instrumental plural)
songu (locative singular)
songach (locative plural)
songu (singular vocative)
songi (plural vocative)

(music, theater) musical theater song, usually with social or political commentary


remake

remake (nominative singular)
remaki (nominative plural)
remake'u (genitive singular)
remake'ów (genitive plural)
remake'owi (dative singular)
remake'om (dative plural)
remake (accusative singular)
remaki (accusative plural)
remakiem (instrumental singular)
remake'ami (instrumental plural)
remake'u (locative singular)
remake'ach (locative plural)
remake'u (singular vocative)
remaki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English remake.


lead

lead (nominative singular)
leady (nominative plural)
leadu (genitive singular)
leadów (genitive plural)
leadowi (dative singular)
leadom (dative plural)
lead (accusative singular)
leady (accusative plural)
leadem (instrumental singular)
leadami (instrumental plural)
leadzie (locative singular)
leadach (locative plural)
leadzie (singular vocative)
leady (plural vocative)

(newspapers, journalism) lead paragraph, teaser, lead-in (start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)


humanoid

humanoid m animal (related adjective humanoidalny)

humanoidalny (adjective)
humanoid (nominative singular)
humanoidy (nominative plural)
humanoida (genitive singular)
humanoidów (genitive plural)
humanoidowi (dative singular)
humanoidom (dative plural)
humanoida (accusative singular)
humanoidy (accusative plural)
humanoidem (instrumental singular)
humanoidami (instrumental plural)
humanoidzie (locative singular)
humanoidach (locative plural)
humanoidzie (singular vocative)
humanoidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English humanoid, French humanoïde, German Humanoid, ultimately from Latin hūmānus.

(robotics, science fiction) humanoid (being having the appearance or characteristics of a human)


organ

organ m inan (related adjective organowy)

organowy (adjective)
organ (nominative singular)
organy (nominative plural)
organu (genitive singular)
organów (genitive plural)
organowi (dative singular)
organom (dative plural)
organ (accusative singular)
organy (accusative plural)
organem (instrumental singular)
organami (instrumental plural)
organie (locative singular)
organach (locative plural)
organie (singular vocative)
organy (plural vocative)

organ (larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions)

(in the plural) organ, pipe organ (largest of all musical instruments, played from an organ console which produces its sound by sending air through whistles and/or reeds called organ pipes, by direct mechanical action)

(in the plural) organ, pipe organ (electronic instrument designed to replicate the pipe organ)


show

show (large, impressive artistic and entertainment show of revue character with the participation of singers, dancers, circus performers, usually conducted by an anchorman)


metal

metal (nominative singular)
metale (nominative plural)
metala (genitive singular)
metali (genitive plural)
metalowi (dative singular)
metalom (dative plural)
metala (accusative singular)
metali (accusative plural)
metalem (instrumental singular)
metalami (instrumental plural)
metalu (locative singular)
metalach (locative plural)
metalu (singular vocative)
metale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English metal, French métal, German Metall, ultimately from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English metal.

sl

(music, slang) metalhead, metaller, metallist (one who listens to heavy metal music)


mana

mana (nominative singular)
many (genitive singular)
manie (dative singular)
manę (accusative singular)
maną (instrumental singular)
manie (locative singular)
mano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Maori mana, from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.

(fantasy roleplaying games) mana (magical power)


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangi (nominative plural)
mangi (genitive singular)
mang (genitive plural)
mandze (dative singular)
mangom (dative plural)
mangę (accusative singular)
mangi (accusative plural)
mangą (instrumental singular)
mangami (instrumental plural)
mandze (locative singular)
mangach (locative plural)
mango (singular vocative)
mangi (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: anime

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


house

house (nominative singular)
house'u (genitive singular)
house'owi (dative singular)
house (accusative singular)
house'em (instrumental singular)
housie (locative singular)
housie (singular vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from house music.


prequel

prequel (nominative singular)
prequle (nominative plural)
prequela (genitive singular)
prequelu (genitive singular)
prequli (genitive plural)
prequlowi (dative singular)
prequlom (dative plural)
prequel (accusative singular)
prequle (accusative plural)
prequlem (instrumental singular)
prequlami (instrumental plural)
prequlu (locative singular)
prequlach (locative plural)
prequlu (singular vocative)
prequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English prequel.


sequel

sequel (nominative singular)
sequle (nominative plural)
sequela (genitive singular)
sequelu (genitive singular)
sequli (genitive plural)
sequlowi (dative singular)
sequlom (dative plural)
sequel (accusative singular)
sequle (accusative plural)
sequlem (instrumental singular)
sequlami (instrumental plural)
sequlu (locative singular)
sequlach (locative plural)
sequlu (singular vocative)
sequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sequel, from Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī.


elf

elfik (diminutive)
elf (nominative singular)
elfy (nominative plural)
elfa (genitive singular)
elfów (genitive plural)
elfowi (dative singular)
elfom (dative plural)
elfa (accusative singular)
elfy (accusative plural)
elfem (instrumental singular)
elfami (instrumental plural)
elfie (locative singular)
elfach (locative plural)
elfie (singular vocative)
elfy (plural vocative)


kappa

kappa (nominative singular)
kappy (nominative plural)
kappy (genitive singular)
kapp (genitive plural)
kappie (dative singular)
kappom (dative plural)
kappę (accusative singular)
kappy (accusative plural)
kappą (instrumental singular)
kappami (instrumental plural)
kappie (locative singular)
kappach (locative plural)
kappo (singular vocative)
kappy (plural vocative)

(Japanese mythology) kappa (tortoise-like demon or imp)


android

android (nominative singular)
androidy (nominative plural)
androida (genitive singular)
androidów (genitive plural)
androidowi (dative singular)
androidom (dative plural)
androida (accusative singular)
androidy (accusative plural)
androidem (instrumental singular)
androidami (instrumental plural)
androidzie (locative singular)
androidach (locative plural)
androidzie (singular vocative)
androidy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”), ἀνδρός (andrós), + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “form, appearance”). By surface analysis, andro- + -id. First attested in 1830.

ref

Gazeta Polska (in Polish), number 309, 1830, page 4


pilot

pilot (nominative singular)
piloty (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotów (genitive plural)
pilotowi (dative singular)
pilotom (dative plural)
pilot (accusative singular)
piloty (accusative plural)
pilotem (instrumental singular)
pilotami (instrumental plural)
pilocie (locative singular)
pilotach (locative plural)
pilocie (singular vocative)
piloty (plural vocative)

(film, marketing) trailer (preview of a film)


cherub

cherub (nominative singular)
cherubi (nominative plural)
cherubowie (nominative plural)
cheruby (nominative plural)
cheruba (genitive singular)
cherubów (genitive plural)
cherubowi (dative singular)
cherubom (dative plural)
cheruba (accusative singular)
cherubów (accusative plural)
cheruby (accusative plural)
cherubem (instrumental singular)
cherubami (instrumental plural)
cherubie (locative singular)
cherubach (locative plural)
cherubie (singular vocative)
cherubi (plural vocative)
cherubowie (plural vocative)
cheruby (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin cherūb, from Ancient Greek χερούβ (kheroúb), from Hebrew כְּרוּב (kerúv).


cherub

(figuratively, literary) Alternative form of cherubin


operator

pl-noun

operator m pers (female equivalent operatorka)

operatorka (feminine)
operator (nominative singular)
operatorzy (nominative plural)
operatory (derogatory nominative plural)
operatora (genitive singular)
operatorów (genitive plural)
operatorowi (dative singular)
operatorom (dative plural)
operatora (accusative singular)
operatorów (accusative plural)
operatorem (instrumental singular)
operatorami (instrumental plural)
operatorze (locative singular)
operatorach (locative plural)
operatorze (singular vocative)
operatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French opérateur, from Latin operātor.


Tanach

Tanach (nominative singular)
Tanachu (genitive singular)
Tanachowi (dative singular)
Tanach (accusative singular)
Tanachem (instrumental singular)
Tanachu (locative singular)
Tanachu (singular vocative)


Daniel

Daniel (nominative singular)
Daniela (genitive singular)
Danielowi (dative singular)
Daniela (accusative singular)
Danielem (instrumental singular)
Danielu (locative singular)
Danielu (singular vocative)

(biblical) Daniel (prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


feta

feta (nominative singular)
fety (nominative plural)
fety (genitive singular)
fet (genitive plural)
fecie (dative singular)
fetom (dative plural)
fetę (accusative singular)
fety (accusative plural)
fetą (instrumental singular)
fetami (instrumental plural)
fecie (locative singular)
fetach (locative plural)
feto (singular vocative)
fety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French fête (“party”), from Middle French feste, from Old French feste, from Late Latin fēsta, from the plural of Latin fēstum.


matrix

matrix (nominative singular)
matriksy (nominative plural)
matriksa (genitive singular)
matriksów (genitive plural)
matriksowi (dative singular)
matriksom (dative plural)
matrix (accusative singular)
matriksy (accusative plural)
matriksem (instrumental singular)
matriksami (instrumental plural)
matriksie (locative singular)
matriksach (locative plural)
matriksie (singular vocative)
matriksy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Matrix. Doublet of matryca.

(science fiction, slang) Matrix (simulated reality to which many humans are connected; in some works, it is created by sentient machines to subdue humans)


pop

pop (nominative singular)
popowie (nominative plural)
popa (genitive singular)
popów (genitive plural)
popowi (dative singular)
popom (dative plural)
popa (accusative singular)
popów (accusative plural)
popem (instrumental singular)
popami (instrumental plural)
popie (locative singular)
popach (locative plural)
popie (singular vocative)
popowie (plural vocative)


hip-hop

hip-hop (nominative singular)
hip-hopu (genitive singular)
hip-hopowi (dative singular)
hip-hop (accusative singular)
hip-hopem (instrumental singular)
hip-hopie (locative singular)
hip-hopie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip-hop.

ubor

(music) hip-hop (form of popular and dance music featuring strong percussion and a powerful rhythm, usually accompanied by rapping)


rock

rock (nominative singular)
rocka (genitive singular)
rockowi (dative singular)
rocka (accusative singular)
rockiem (instrumental singular)
rocku (locative singular)
rocku (singular vocative)


atlas

atlasik (diminutive)
atlas (nominative singular)
atlasy (nominative plural)
atlasu (genitive singular)
atlasów (genitive plural)
atlasowi (dative singular)
atlasom (dative plural)
atlas (accusative singular)
atlasy (accusative plural)
atlasem (instrumental singular)
atlasami (instrumental plural)
atlasie (locative singular)
atlasach (locative plural)
atlasie (singular vocative)
atlasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas). Doublet of atlant.

lbor

(architecture) atlas (figure of a man used as a column)


hymn

hymn (nominative singular)
hymny (nominative plural)
hymnu (genitive singular)
hymnów (genitive plural)
hymnowi (dative singular)
hymnom (dative plural)
hymn (accusative singular)
hymny (accusative plural)
hymnem (instrumental singular)
hymnami (instrumental plural)
hymnie (locative singular)
hymnach (locative plural)
hymnie (singular vocative)
hymny (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: гімн m inan (himn)

desctree

→ Russian: гимн m inan (gimn) (likely)
→ Armenian: հիմն (himn)
→ Bashkir: гимн (gimn)
→ Crimean Tatar: gimn
→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni), გიმნი (gimni) — informal, proscribed
→ Kazakh: gïmn
→ Kildin Sami: гӣммн (gīmmn)
→ Urum: гимн
→ Uzbek: gimn

→? Ukrainian: гімн m inan (himn)

Learned borrowing from Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).


poltergeist

poltergeist (nominative singular)
poltergeisty (nominative plural)
poltergeista (genitive singular)
poltergeistów (genitive plural)
poltergeistowi (dative singular)
poltergeistom (dative plural)
poltergeista (accusative singular)
poltergeisty (accusative plural)
poltergeistem (instrumental singular)
poltergeistami (instrumental plural)
poltergeiście (locative singular)
poltergeistach (locative plural)
poltergeiście (singular vocative)
poltergeisty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Poltergeist.

ubor

(parapsychology) poltergeist (unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about)


RPG

Orthographic borrowing from English RPG.

roleplaying game, RPG (type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master))

roleplaying game, RPG (type of computer game where the player takes the role of a character or party, normally lacking tests of physical skill and including more story-telling and narrative aspects than traditional action games)


ska

ska (style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae)


drama

drama (nominative singular)
dramy (nominative plural)
dramy (genitive singular)
dram (genitive plural)
dramie (dative singular)
dramom (dative plural)
dramę (accusative singular)
dramy (accusative plural)
dramą (instrumental singular)
dramami (instrumental plural)
dramie (locative singular)
dramach (locative plural)
dramo (singular vocative)
dramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French drame, from Latin drama, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma). First attested in 1728. Doublet of dramat.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (13.06.2019) “DRAMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(drama) drama (composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue)

(literary, theater) drama (type of play)


poeta

pl-noun

poeta m pers (female equivalent poetka or poetessa)

poetka (feminine)
poetessa (feminine)
poeta (nominative singular)
poeci (nominative plural)
poety (derogatory nominative plural)
poety (genitive singular)
poetów (genitive plural)
poecie (dative singular)
poetom (dative plural)
poetę (accusative singular)
poetów (accusative plural)
poetą (instrumental singular)
poetami (instrumental plural)
poecie (locative singular)
poetach (locative plural)
poeto (singular vocative)
poeci (plural vocative)


hydra

hydra (nominative singular)
hydry (nominative plural)
hydry (genitive singular)
hydr (genitive plural)
hydrze (dative singular)
hydrom (dative plural)
hydrę (accusative singular)
hydry (accusative plural)
hydrą (instrumental singular)
hydrami (instrumental plural)
hydrze (locative singular)
hydrach (locative plural)
hydro (singular vocative)
hydry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin hydra. Doublet of nutria and wydra.

(fantasy) hydra (dragon-like creature with many heads and the ability to regrow them when maimed)


trailer

trailer (nominative singular)
trailery (nominative plural)
trailera (genitive singular)
trailerów (genitive plural)
trailerowi (dative singular)
trailerom (dative plural)
trailer (accusative singular)
trailery (accusative plural)
trailerem (instrumental singular)
trailerami (instrumental plural)
trailerze (locative singular)
trailerach (locative plural)
trailerze (singular vocative)
trailery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English trailer.


plan

plan (nominative singular)
plany (nominative plural)
planu (genitive singular)
planów (genitive plural)
planowi (dative singular)
planom (dative plural)
plan (accusative singular)
plany (accusative plural)
planem (instrumental singular)
planami (instrumental plural)
planie (locative singular)
planach (locative plural)
planie (singular vocative)
plany (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: plan

Borrowed from French plan. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from English plan and German Plan. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “plan”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

(film) shot (range of view of the camera, resulting from its distance from the object being filmed)

(film) location; set (place where a movie is filmed)


centaur

centaur (nominative singular)
centaury (nominative plural)
centaura (genitive singular)
centaurów (genitive plural)
centaurowi (dative singular)
centaurom (dative plural)
centaura (accusative singular)
centaury (accusative plural)
centaurem (instrumental singular)
centaurami (instrumental plural)
centaurze (locative singular)
centaurach (locative plural)
centaurze (singular vocative)
centaury (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) centaur (mythical half-man, half-horse)


moment

momencik (diminutive)
moment (nominative singular)
momenty (nominative plural)
momentu (genitive singular)
momentów (genitive plural)
momentowi (dative singular)
momentom (dative plural)
moment (accusative singular)
momenty (accusative plural)
momentem (instrumental singular)
momentami (instrumental plural)
momencie (locative singular)
momentach (locative plural)
momencie (singular vocative)
momenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum. First attested in 1592.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “moment”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(film, humorous, television) sex scene (segment in a movie in which characters have sex)


tom

pl-noun

tom m inan (diminutive tomik, augmentative tomisko or tomiszcze)

tomik (diminutive)
tomisko (augmentative)
tomiszcze (augmentative)
tom (nominative singular)
tomy (nominative plural)
tomu (genitive singular)
tomów (genitive plural)
tomowi (dative singular)
tomom (dative plural)
tom (accusative singular)
tomy (accusative plural)
tomem (instrumental singular)
tomami (instrumental plural)
tomie (locative singular)
tomach (locative plural)
tomie (singular vocative)
tomy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos).

volume (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)


portal

portal m inan (related adjective portalowy)

portalowy (adjective)
portal (nominative singular)
portale (nominative plural)
portalu (genitive singular)
portali (genitive plural)
portalów (genitive plural)
portalowi (dative singular)
portalom (dative plural)
portal (accusative singular)
portale (accusative plural)
portalem (instrumental singular)
portalami (instrumental plural)
portalu (locative singular)
portalach (locative plural)
portalu (singular vocative)
portale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Portal. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English portal.

sl

(fantasy, science fiction) portal (magical or technological doorway leading to another location, period in time, or dimension)


ghostwriter

pl-noun

ghostwriter m pers (female equivalent ghostwriterka)

ghostwriterka (feminine)
ghostwriter (nominative singular)
ghostwriterzy (nominative plural)
ghostwritery (derogatory nominative plural)
ghostwritera (genitive singular)
ghostwriterów (genitive plural)
ghostwriterowi (dative singular)
ghostwriterom (dative plural)
ghostwritera (accusative singular)
ghostwriterów (accusative plural)
ghostwriterem (instrumental singular)
ghostwriterami (instrumental plural)
ghostwriterze (locative singular)
ghostwriterach (locative plural)
ghostwriterze (singular vocative)
ghostwriterzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ghostwriter.

ubor

ghostwriter (professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity)


soul

soul (nominative singular)
soul (genitive singular)
soulu (genitive singular)
soul (dative singular)
soulowi (dative singular)
soul (accusative singular)
soul (instrumental singular)
soulem (instrumental singular)
soul (locative singular)
soulu (locative singular)
soul (singular vocative)
soulu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soul, from Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.


flamenco

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish flamenco. Doublet of Flamand.

flamenco (genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, Spain)


agent

pl-noun

agent m pers (female equivalent agentka, diminutive agencik or agenciak)

agentka (feminine)
agencik (diminutive)
agenciak (diminutive)
agent (nominative singular)
agenci (nominative plural)
agenty (derogatory nominative plural)
agenta (genitive singular)
agentów (genitive plural)
agentowi (dative singular)
agentom (dative plural)
agenta (accusative singular)
agentów (accusative plural)
agentem (instrumental singular)
agentami (instrumental plural)
agencie (locative singular)
agentach (locative plural)
agencie (singular vocative)
agenci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Agent, from French agent, from Middle French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens. First attested in 1609.

agent literacki

(acting, literature) impresario, literary agent


hobbit

hobbit m animal or m pers (female equivalent hobbitka, related adjective hobbicki)

hobbit m animal or (canonical masculine person)
hobbitka (feminine)
hobbicki (adjective)
hobbit (nominative singular)
hobbity (nominative plural)
hobbita (genitive singular)
hobbitów (genitive plural)
hobbitowi (dative singular)
hobbitom (dative plural)
hobbita (accusative singular)
hobbity (accusative plural)
hobbitem (instrumental singular)
hobbitami (instrumental plural)
hobbicie (locative singular)
hobbitach (locative plural)
hobbicie (singular vocative)
hobbity (plural vocative)
hobbit (nominative singular)
hobbici (nominative plural)
hobbity (derogatory nominative plural)
hobbita (genitive singular)
hobbitów (genitive plural)
hobbitowi (dative singular)
hobbitom (dative plural)
hobbita (accusative singular)
hobbitów (accusative plural)
hobbitem (instrumental singular)
hobbitami (instrumental plural)
hobbicie (locative singular)
hobbitach (locative plural)
hobbicie (singular vocative)
hobbici (plural vocative)

(fantasy) hobbit, halfling (member of a fictional race of small humanoids with shaggy hair and hairy feet)


film

film m inan (diminutive filmik, related adjective filmowy)

filmik (diminutive)
filmowy (adjective)
film (nominative singular)
filmy (nominative plural)
filmu (genitive singular)
filmów (genitive plural)
filmowi (dative singular)
filmom (dative plural)
film (accusative singular)
filmy (accusative plural)
filmem (instrumental singular)
filmami (instrumental plural)
filmie (locative singular)
filmach (locative plural)
filmie (singular vocative)
filmy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: film

Borrowed from English film. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “film”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 742

film in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

film, movie, motion picture (series of pictures creating the illusion of motion)


biblio-

biblio- + -mania → bibliomania


dystopia

dystopia (nominative singular)
dystopie (nominative plural)
dystopii (genitive singular)
dystopii (genitive plural)
dystopij (archaic genitive plural)
dystopii (dative singular)
dystopiom (dative plural)
dystopię (accusative singular)
dystopie (accusative plural)
dystopią (instrumental singular)
dystopiami (instrumental plural)
dystopii (locative singular)
dystopiach (locative plural)
dystopio (singular vocative)
dystopie (plural vocative)

(film, literature) dystopia (vision of a future that is a corrupted (usually beyond recognition) utopian society)


ufo

Orthographic borrowing from English UFO.

(science fiction, ufology) Alternative spelling of UFO


golem

golem (nominative singular)
golemy (nominative plural)
golema (genitive singular)
golemów (genitive plural)
golemowi (dative singular)
golemom (dative plural)
golema (accusative singular)
golemy (accusative plural)
golemów (accusative plural)
golemem (instrumental singular)
golemami (instrumental plural)
golemie (locative singular)
golemach (locative plural)
golemie (singular vocative)
golemy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hebrew גולם \ גֹּלֶם (gólem).

bor+

גולם \ גֹּלֶם


pasta

pasta (nominative singular)
pasty (nominative plural)
pasty (genitive singular)
past (genitive plural)
paście (dative singular)
pastom (dative plural)
pastę (accusative singular)
pasty (accusative plural)
pastą (instrumental singular)
pastami (instrumental plural)
paście (locative singular)
pastach (locative plural)
pasto (singular vocative)
pasty (plural vocative)

(Internet slang) copypasta (block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else)


alba

alba (nominative singular)
alby (nominative plural)
alby (genitive singular)
alb (genitive plural)
albie (dative singular)
albom (dative plural)
albę (accusative singular)
alby (accusative plural)
albą (instrumental singular)
albami (instrumental plural)
albie (locative singular)
albach (locative plural)
albo (singular vocative)
alby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Occitan alba. First attested in the 20th century.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

(historical, poetry) alba (genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry)


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós).

der

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, drama, historical, literary) deus ex machina (plot resolution in ancient tragedy involving the sudden and unexpected appearance of a deity)

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, drama, historical, literary) deus ex machina (deity in Greek and Roman drama who was brought in by stage machinery to intervene in a difficult situation)

(literary, narratology) deus ex machina (contrived plot resolution)


album

pl-noun

album m inan (diminutive albumik, related adjective albumowy)

albumik (diminutive)
albumowy (adjective)
album (nominative singular)
albumy (nominative plural)
albumu (genitive singular)
albumów (genitive plural)
albumowi (dative singular)
albumom (dative plural)
album (accusative singular)
albumy (accusative plural)
albumem (instrumental singular)
albumami (instrumental plural)
albumie (locative singular)
albumach (locative plural)
albumie (singular vocative)
albumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Album or French album. First attested in 1609.

ref

Jadwiga Chotkowska (11.06.2019) “ALBUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(music) album (group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group)

album, diary, journal (book with various photographical or written entries of memories)

(art) album, sketchbook, sketch pad (book or pad with blank pages for sketching)


hardcore

hardcore (nominative singular)
hardcore'u (genitive singular)
hardcore'owi (dative singular)
hardcore (accusative singular)
hardcore'em (instrumental singular)
hardcorze (locative singular)
hardcorze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardcore.

ubor

(music) hardcore (hardcore punk or techno music)


tren

trenowy (adjective)
tren (nominative singular)
treny (nominative plural)
trenu (genitive singular)
trenów (genitive plural)
trenowi (dative singular)
trenom (dative plural)
tren (accusative singular)
treny (accusative plural)
trenem (instrumental singular)
trenami (instrumental plural)
trenie (locative singular)
trenach (locative plural)
trenie (singular vocative)
treny (plural vocative)

(poetry) threnody (poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person; a dirge; an elegy)


mucha

pl-noun

mucha f (diminutive muszka, augmentative muszysko, related adjective muszy)

muszka (diminutive)
muszysko (augmentative)
muszy (adjective)
mucha (nominative singular)
muchy (nominative plural)
muchy (genitive singular)
much (genitive plural)
musze (dative singular)
muchom (dative plural)
muchę (accusative singular)
muchy (accusative plural)
muchą (instrumental singular)
muchami (instrumental plural)
musze (locative singular)
muchach (locative plural)
mucho (singular vocative)
muchy (plural vocative)


monitor

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


mag

mag (nominative singular)
magowie (nominative plural)
magi (derogatory nominative plural)
maga (genitive singular)
magów (genitive plural)
magowi (dative singular)
magom (dative plural)
maga (accusative singular)
magów (accusative plural)
magiem (instrumental singular)
magami (instrumental plural)
magu (locative singular)
magach (locative plural)
magu (singular vocative)
magowie (plural vocative)
magi (derogatory plural vocative)

(folklore, fantasy) magician, wizard, sorcerer, conjurer, mage, magus (person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic)

(biblical, Christianity) Magus (one of the three Biblical Magi who visit Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh in homage to him)


clown

clown (nominative singular)
clowni (nominative plural)
clowny (derogatory nominative plural)
clowna (genitive singular)
clownów (genitive plural)
clownowi (dative singular)
clownom (dative plural)
clowna (accusative singular)
clownów (accusative plural)
clownem (instrumental singular)
clownami (instrumental plural)
clownie (locative singular)
clownach (locative plural)
clownie (singular vocative)
clowni (plural vocative)


jazz

jazzowy (adjective)
jazz (nominative singular)
jazzu (genitive singular)
jazzowi (dative singular)
jazz (accusative singular)
jazzem (instrumental singular)
jazzie (locative singular)
jazzie (singular vocative)

Śmiech, relaks i spokój w każdym machu / rozpoznam kozaka po wyglądzie i zapachu / śpię po tym jak dziecko i śmieje się do łez / mniej szkodliwe to niż wóda, zalegalizujcie jazz!

2011, Firma, (lyrics and music), “JaraMy” (track 20), in Nasza broń to nasza pasja, performed by Firma:

Laughter, relaxation, and peace with every toke / I can tell a badass by the way he looks / it makes me sleep like a baby and I laugh til I cry / it's less harmful than vodka, legalize hash!


kraken

kraken (nominative singular)
krakena (genitive singular)
krakenowi (dative singular)
krakena (accusative singular)
krakenem (instrumental singular)
krakenie (locative singular)
krakenie (singular vocative)


Adam

Adaś (diminutive)
Adam (nominative singular)
Adamowie (nominative plural)
Adama (genitive singular)
Adamów (genitive plural)
Adamowi (dative singular)
Adamom (dative plural)
Adama (accusative singular)
Adamów (accusative plural)
Adamem (instrumental singular)
Adamami (instrumental plural)
Adamie (locative singular)
Adamach (locative plural)
Adamie (singular vocative)
Adamowie (plural vocative)

From Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man, soil, light brown”).

der

a male given name, equivalent to English Adam


Romeo

Romeo (nominative singular)
Romeowie (nominative plural)
Romea (genitive singular)
Romeów (genitive plural)
Romeowi (dative singular)
Romeom (dative plural)
Romea (accusative singular)
Romeów (accusative plural)
Romeem (instrumental singular)
Romeami (instrumental plural)
Romeo (locative singular)
Romeach (locative plural)
Romeo (singular vocative)
Romeowie (plural vocative)

(uncountable) Romeo (one of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet)


zombie

Unadapted borrowing from English zombie.

(fiction) zombie (deceased person who becomes reanimate to attack the living)


saga

sagowy (adjective)
saga (nominative singular)
sagi (nominative plural)
sagi (genitive singular)
sag (genitive plural)
sadze (dative singular)
sagom (dative plural)
sagę (accusative singular)
sagi (accusative plural)
sagą (instrumental singular)
sagami (instrumental plural)
sadze (locative singular)
sagach (locative plural)
sago (singular vocative)
sagi (plural vocative)


rap

rapowy (adjective)
rap (nominative singular)
rapu (genitive singular)
rapowi (dative singular)
rap (accusative singular)
rapem (instrumental singular)
rapie (locative singular)
rapie (singular vocative)


funk

funk (nominative singular)
funku (genitive singular)
funka (genitive singular)
funkowi (dative singular)
funku (accusative singular)
funka (accusative singular)
funkiem (instrumental singular)
funku (locative singular)
funku (singular vocative)


cyborg

cyborg (nominative singular)
cyborgi (nominative plural)
cyborga (genitive singular)
cyborgów (genitive plural)
cyborgowi (dative singular)
cyborgom (dative plural)
cyborga (accusative singular)
cyborgi (accusative plural)
cyborgiem (instrumental singular)
cyborgami (instrumental plural)
cyborgu (locative singular)
cyborgach (locative plural)
cyborgu (singular vocative)
cyborgi (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English cyborg.

obor

(robotics, science fiction) cyborg (being which is part machine and part organic)


Tolkien

Tolkien (nominative singular)
Tolkiena (genitive singular)
Tolkienowi (dative singular)
Tolkiena (accusative singular)
Tolkienem (instrumental singular)
Tolkienie (locative singular)
Tolkienie (singular vocative)


narrator

pl-noun

narrator m pers (female equivalent narratorka, related adjective narratorski)

narratorka (feminine)
narratorski (adjective)
narrator (nominative singular)
narratorzy (nominative plural)
narratory (derogatory nominative plural)
narratora (genitive singular)
narratorów (genitive plural)
narratorowi (dative singular)
narratorom (dative plural)
narratora (accusative singular)
narratorów (accusative plural)
narratorem (instrumental singular)
narratorami (instrumental plural)
narratorze (locative singular)
narratorach (locative plural)
narratorze (singular vocative)
narratorzy (plural vocative)

(narratology) narrator (one who narrates or tells stories)


Biblia

Biblia (nominative singular)
Biblii (genitive singular)
Biblii (dative singular)
Biblię (accusative singular)
Biblią (instrumental singular)
Biblii (locative singular)
Biblio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin biblia, from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía).

(Christianity) the Bible (Christian holy book)


Babel

Learned borrowing from Latin Babel. Doublet of Babilon and Babilonia.

(biblical) Babel (city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible)


emo

(relational) emo (particular style of hardcore punk rock)


emo

emo (canonical masculine person)
emo (canonical feminine)

emo (individual of people associated with that subculture and musical style)


kabuki

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 歌舞伎 (kabuki).


motet

pl-noun

motet m inan (diminutive motecik, related adjective motetowy)

motecik (diminutive)
motetowy (adjective)
motet (nominative singular)
motety (nominative plural)
motetu (genitive singular)
motetów (genitive plural)
motetowi (dative singular)
motetom (dative plural)
motet (accusative singular)
motety (accusative plural)
motetem (instrumental singular)
motetami (instrumental plural)
motecie (locative singular)
motetach (locative plural)
motecie (singular vocative)
motety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English motet, French motet, German Motette.

motet (composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate polyphonic church style; an anthem)


rondo

rondko (diminutive)
rondo (nominative singular)
ronda (nominative plural)
ronda (genitive singular)
rond (genitive plural)
rondu (dative singular)
rondom (dative plural)
rondo (accusative singular)
ronda (accusative plural)
rondem (instrumental singular)
rondami (instrumental plural)
rondzie (locative singular)
rondach (locative plural)
rondo (singular vocative)
ronda (plural vocative)


haiku

(poetry) haiku (Japanese poem in three lines, the first and last consisting of five morae, and the second consisting of seven morae, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme)

(poetry) haiku (three-line poem in any language, with five syllables in the first and last lines and seven syllables in the second, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme)


duma

duma (nominative singular)
dumy (nominative plural)
dumy (genitive singular)
dum (genitive plural)
dumie (dative singular)
dumom (dative plural)
dumę (accusative singular)
dumy (accusative plural)
dumą (instrumental singular)
dumami (instrumental plural)
dumie (locative singular)
dumach (locative plural)
dumo (singular vocative)
dumy (plural vocative)

dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)

dumka (literary work based on such a composition)


gala

galowy (adjective)
gala (nominative singular)
gale (nominative plural)
gali (genitive singular)
gali (genitive plural)
gal (genitive plural)
gali (dative singular)
galom (dative plural)
galę (accusative singular)
gale (accusative plural)
galą (instrumental singular)
galami (instrumental plural)
gali (locative singular)
galach (locative plural)
galo (singular vocative)
gale (plural vocative)


volta

volta (nominative singular)
volty (nominative plural)
volty (genitive singular)
volt (genitive plural)
volcie (dative singular)
voltom (dative plural)
voltę (accusative singular)
volty (accusative plural)
voltą (instrumental singular)
voltami (instrumental plural)
volcie (locative singular)
voltach (locative plural)
volto (singular vocative)
volty (plural vocative)


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


psalm

psalm m inan (related adjective psalmowy)

psalmowy (adjective)
psalm (nominative singular)
psalmy (nominative plural)
psalmu (genitive singular)
psalmów (genitive plural)
psalmowi (dative singular)
psalmom (dative plural)
psalm (accusative singular)
psalmy (accusative plural)
psalmem (instrumental singular)
psalmami (instrumental plural)
psalmie (locative singular)
psalmach (locative plural)
psalmie (singular vocative)
psalmy (plural vocative)

(biblical) psalm (one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship)


punk

punk (nominative singular)
punku (genitive singular)
punkowi (dative singular)
punk (accusative singular)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punku (locative singular)
punku (singular vocative)

(music) punk (social and musical movement)

(music) punk, punk rock (subgenre of rock music)


punk

punk (nominative singular)
puncy (nominative plural)
punki (derogatory nominative plural)
punka (genitive singular)
punków (genitive plural)
punkowi (dative singular)
punkom (dative plural)
punka (accusative singular)
punków (accusative plural)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punkami (instrumental plural)
punku (locative singular)
punkach (locative plural)
punku (singular vocative)
puncy (plural vocative)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who plays punk rock)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who is a fan of punk rock)


lament

lament (nominative singular)
lamenty (nominative plural)
lamentu (genitive singular)
lamentów (genitive plural)
lamentowi (dative singular)
lamentom (dative plural)
lament (accusative singular)
lamenty (accusative plural)
lamentem (instrumental singular)
lamentami (instrumental plural)
lamencie (locative singular)
lamentach (locative plural)
lamencie (singular vocative)
lamenty (plural vocative)

(poetry) threnody (poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person; a dirge; an elegy)


science fiction

science fiction n (indeclinable, abbreviation s.f. or SF)

Unadapted borrowing from English science fiction.

ubor

elementy science fiction

(literature) science fiction (genre of fiction)


science fiction

pl-adj

science fiction (not comparable, no derived adverb)

opowiadanie science fiction

(literature, postpositive, relational) science fiction (genre of fiction)


Baal

Baal (nominative singular)
Baala (genitive singular)
Baalowi (dative singular)
Baala (accusative singular)
Baalem (instrumental singular)
Baalu (locative singular)
Baalu (singular vocative)

(mythology, biblical) Baal (storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons)


blues

blues (nominative singular)
bluesy (nominative plural)
bluesa (genitive singular)
bluesów (genitive plural)
bluesowi (dative singular)
bluesom (dative plural)
bluesa (accusative singular)
bluesy (accusative plural)
bluesem (instrumental singular)
bluesami (instrumental plural)
bluesie (locative singular)
bluesach (locative plural)
bluesie (singular vocative)
bluesy (plural vocative)

(music) blues (musical genre of African American origin)


holocaust

holocaust (nominative singular)
holocausty (nominative plural)
holocaustu (genitive singular)
holocaustów (genitive plural)
holocaustowi (dative singular)
holocaustom (dative plural)
holocaust (accusative singular)
holocausty (accusative plural)
holocaustem (instrumental singular)
holocaustami (instrumental plural)
holocauście (locative singular)
holocaustach (locative plural)
holocauście (singular vocative)
holocausty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin holocaustum, from Ancient Greek ὁλόκαυστος (holókaustos).

lbor

(biblical, historical, literary, religion) burnt offering, holocaust (slaughtered animal burnt on an altar)


karaoke

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke).


gospel

Borrowed from English gospel, from Middle English gospel, gospell, godspel, godspell, goddspell, from Old English godspell.


trip

trip (nominative singular)
tripy (nominative plural)
tripu (genitive singular)
tripów (genitive plural)
tripowi (dative singular)
tripom (dative plural)
trip (accusative singular)
tripy (accusative plural)
tripem (instrumental singular)
tripami (instrumental plural)
tripie (locative singular)
tripach (locative plural)
tripie (singular vocative)
tripy (plural vocative)

(film) movie with phantasmagoric images and scenes


stand-up

stand-up (nominative singular)
stand-upy (nominative plural)
stand-upu (genitive singular)
stand-upów (genitive plural)
stand-upowi (dative singular)
stand-upom (dative plural)
stand-up (accusative singular)
stand-upy (accusative plural)
stand-upem (instrumental singular)
stand-upami (instrumental plural)
stand-upie (locative singular)
stand-upach (locative plural)
stand-upie (singular vocative)
stand-upy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English stand-up.


fantasy

Unadapted borrowing from English fantasy. Doublet of fantazja.


Pentateuch

Pentateuch (nominative singular)
Pentateuchu (genitive singular)
Pentateuchowi (dative singular)
Pentateuch (accusative singular)
Pentateuchem (instrumental singular)
Pentateuchu (locative singular)
Pentateuchu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πεντάτευχος (pentáteukhos).


jury

Unadapted borrowing from French jury, from English jury, from Middle English jure, from Anglo-Norman juree, from Medieval Latin iūrāta, from Latin iūrō.

(theater) jury (group of judges in a competition)


atelier

pl-noun

atelier n (indeclinable, related adjective atelierowy)

Unadapted borrowing from French atelier.


rock and roll

rock and roll (nominative singular)
rock and rolla (genitive singular)
rock and rollowi (dative singular)
rock and rolla (accusative singular)
rock and rollem (instrumental singular)
rock and rollu (locative singular)
rock and rollu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rock and roll.

ubor

rock and roll (style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music)


oda

oda (nominative singular)
ody (nominative plural)
ody (genitive singular)
od (genitive plural)
odzie (dative singular)
odom (dative plural)
odę (accusative singular)
ody (accusative plural)
odą (instrumental singular)
odami (instrumental plural)
odzie (locative singular)
odach (locative plural)
odo (singular vocative)
ody (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōda, from Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ).


troll

troll (nominative singular)
trolle (nominative plural)
trolla (genitive singular)
trolli (genitive plural)
trollowi (dative singular)
trollom (dative plural)
trolla (accusative singular)
trolle (accusative plural)
trollem (instrumental singular)
trollami (instrumental plural)
trollu (locative singular)
trollach (locative plural)
trollu (singular vocative)
trolle (plural vocative)

(European folklore, Norse mythology) troll (grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges)


Gabriel

pl-prop

Gabriel m pers (female equivalent Gabriela, diminutive Gabryś)

Gabriela (feminine)
Gabryś (diminutive)
Gabriel (nominative singular)
Gabrielowie (nominative plural)
Gabriele (derogatory nominative plural)
Gabriela (genitive singular)
Gabrieli (genitive plural)
Gabrielowi (dative singular)
Gabrielom (dative plural)
Gabriela (accusative singular)
Gabrieli (accusative plural)
Gabrielem (instrumental singular)
Gabrielami (instrumental plural)
Gabrielu (locative singular)
Gabrielach (locative plural)
Gabrielu (singular vocative)
Gabrielowie (plural vocative)


horror

horror (nominative singular)
horrory (nominative plural)
horroru (genitive singular)
horrorów (genitive plural)
horrorowi (dative singular)
horrorom (dative plural)
horror (accusative singular)
horrory (accusative plural)
horrorem (instrumental singular)
horrorami (instrumental plural)
horrorze (locative singular)
horrorach (locative plural)
horrorze (singular vocative)
horrory (plural vocative)


Exodus

Exodus (nominative singular)
Exodusu (genitive singular)
Exodusowi (dative singular)
Exodus (accusative singular)
Exodusem (instrumental singular)
Exodusie (locative singular)
Exodusie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos).


parabola

parabola (nominative singular)
parabole (nominative plural)
paraboli (genitive singular)
paraboli (genitive plural)
parabol (genitive plural)
paraboli (dative singular)
parabolom (dative plural)
parabolę (accusative singular)
parabole (accusative plural)
parabolą (instrumental singular)
parabolami (instrumental plural)
paraboli (locative singular)
parabolach (locative plural)
parabolo (singular vocative)
parabole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin parabola. Doublet of parol.


trance

trance (nominative singular)
trance'u (genitive singular)
trance'owi (dative singular)
trance (accusative singular)
trance'em (instrumental singular)
transie (locative singular)
transie (singular vocative)


western

pl-noun

western m inan (related adjective westernowy)

westernowy (adjective)
western (nominative singular)
westerny (nominative plural)
westernu (genitive singular)
westernów (genitive plural)
westernowi (dative singular)
westernom (dative plural)
western (accusative singular)
westerny (accusative plural)
westernem (instrumental singular)
westernami (instrumental plural)
westernie (locative singular)
westernach (locative plural)
westernie (singular vocative)
westerny (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English western.

ubor

western (adventure film set in the Wild West in the 19th century)


cyberpunk

cyberpunk (nominative singular)
cyberpunku (genitive singular)
cyberpunkowi (dative singular)
cyberpunk (accusative singular)
cyberpunkiem (instrumental singular)
cyberpunku (locative singular)
cyberpunku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English cyberpunk.

(film, science fiction) cyberpunk (sci-fi subgenre)


cyberpunk

cyberpunk (nominative singular)
cyberpunki (nominative plural)
cyberpunka (genitive singular)
cyberpunków (genitive plural)
cyberpunkowi (dative singular)
cyberpunkom (dative plural)
cyberpunka (accusative singular)
cyberpunków (accusative plural)
cyberpunkiem (instrumental singular)
cyberpunkami (instrumental plural)
cyberpunku (locative singular)
cyberpunkach (locative plural)
cyberpunku (singular vocative)
cyberpunki (plural vocative)

(film, science fiction) cyberpunk (cyberpunk character, a hacker punk, a high-tech low life)


summa

summa (nominative singular)
summy (nominative plural)
summy (genitive singular)
summ (genitive plural)
summie (dative singular)
summom (dative plural)
summę (accusative singular)
summy (accusative plural)
summą (instrumental singular)
summami (instrumental plural)
summie (locative singular)
summach (locative plural)
summo (singular vocative)
summy (plural vocative)

(historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)


gul

gul (nominative singular)
gule (nominative plural)
gula (genitive singular)
gulów (genitive plural)
gulowi (dative singular)
gulom (dative plural)
gula (accusative singular)
gule (accusative plural)
gulem (instrumental singular)
gulami (instrumental plural)
gulu (locative singular)
gulach (locative plural)
gulu (singular vocative)
gule (plural vocative)


satyr

satyr (nominative singular)
satyrowie (nominative plural)
satyra (genitive singular)
satyrów (genitive plural)
satyrowi (dative singular)
satyrom (dative plural)
satyra (accusative singular)
satyrów (accusative plural)
satyrem (instrumental singular)
satyrami (instrumental plural)
satyrze (locative singular)
satyrach (locative plural)
satyrze (singular vocative)
satyrowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French satyre, from Latin satyrus, from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos).


mimesis

Learned borrowing from Latin mīmēsis, from Ancient Greek μῑ́μησις (mī́mēsis).

(art, literature) mimesis (representation of aspects of the real world, especially human actions)


polka

poleczka (diminutive)
polka (nominative singular)
polki (nominative plural)
polki (genitive singular)
polek (genitive plural)
polce (dative singular)
polkom (dative plural)
polkę (accusative singular)
polki (accusative plural)
polką (instrumental singular)
polkami (instrumental plural)
polce (locative singular)
polkach (locative plural)
polko (singular vocative)
polki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Czech polka. Doublet of półka.


folk

folk (nominative singular)
folku (genitive singular)
folkowi (dative singular)
folk (accusative singular)
folkiem (instrumental singular)
folku (locative singular)
folku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English folk (music), from Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁-.

folk music (contemporary music in traditional style)


sutra

sutra (nominative singular)
sutry (nominative plural)
sutry (genitive singular)
sutr (genitive plural)
sutrze (dative singular)
sutrom (dative plural)
sutrę (accusative singular)
sutry (accusative plural)
sutrą (instrumental singular)
sutrami (instrumental plural)
sutrze (locative singular)
sutrach (locative plural)
sutro (singular vocative)
sutry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”).

bor+

(literature) sutra (rule or thesis in Sanskrit grammar or Hindu law or philosophy)


bossa nova

bossa nova (nominative singular)
bossa novy (genitive singular)
bossa novie (dative singular)
bossa novę (accusative singular)
bossa novą (instrumental singular)
bossa novie (locative singular)
bossa novo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Brazilian Portuguese bossa nova.


panorama

pl-noun

panorama f (related adjective panoramowy)

panoramowy (adjective)
panorama (nominative singular)
panoramy (nominative plural)
panoramy (genitive singular)
panoram (genitive plural)
panoramie (dative singular)
panoramom (dative plural)
panoramę (accusative singular)
panoramy (accusative plural)
panoramą (instrumental singular)
panoramami (instrumental plural)
panoramie (locative singular)
panoramach (locative plural)
panoramo (singular vocative)
panoramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panorama, French panorama, German Panorama, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὅραμα (hórama).

(film, literature) panorama (comprehensive presentation of an issue in a literary work or film) [with genitive ‘of what’]


notes

notesik (diminutive)
notes (nominative singular)
notesy (nominative plural)
notesu (genitive singular)
notesów (genitive plural)
notesowi (dative singular)
notesom (dative plural)
notes (accusative singular)
notesy (accusative plural)
notesem (instrumental singular)
notesami (instrumental plural)
notesie (locative singular)
notesach (locative plural)
notesie (singular vocative)
notesy (plural vocative)


decorum

decorum (nominative singular)
decora (nominative plural)
decorum (genitive singular)
decorów (genitive plural)
decorum (dative singular)
decorom (dative plural)
decorum (accusative singular)
decora (accusative plural)
decorum (instrumental singular)
decorami (instrumental plural)
decorum (locative singular)
decorach (locative plural)
decorum (singular vocative)
decora (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin decōrum. Doublet of dekoracja and dekorować.

(literature) decorum (principle of classical rhetoric, poetry, and theatrical theory concerning the fitness or otherwise of a style to a theatrical subject)


fusion

Unadapted borrowing from English fusion, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fūsiōnem.


fiesta

fiesta (nominative singular)
fiesty (nominative plural)
fiesty (genitive singular)
fiest (genitive plural)
fieście (dative singular)
fiestom (dative plural)
fiestę (accusative singular)
fiesty (accusative plural)
fiestą (instrumental singular)
fiestami (instrumental plural)
fieście (locative singular)
fiestach (locative plural)
fiesto (singular vocative)
fiesty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish fiesta, from Late Latin festa, from the plural of festum (“feast”).


e-book

e-book (nominative singular)
e-booki (nominative plural)
e-booka (genitive singular)
e-booków (genitive plural)
e-bookowi (dative singular)
e-bookom (dative plural)
e-book (accusative singular)
e-booki (accusative plural)
e-bookiem (instrumental singular)
e-bookami (instrumental plural)
e-booku (locative singular)
e-bookach (locative plural)
e-booku (singular vocative)
e-booki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English e-book.


slapstick

slapstick (nominative singular)
slapsticki (nominative plural)
slapsticku (genitive singular)
slapsticków (genitive plural)
slapstickowi (dative singular)
slapstickom (dative plural)
slapstick (accusative singular)
slapsticki (accusative plural)
slapstickiem (instrumental singular)
slapstickami (instrumental plural)
slapsticku (locative singular)
slapstickach (locative plural)
slapsticku (singular vocative)
slapsticki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English slapstick.


Samuel

Samuel (nominative singular)
Samuelowie (nominative plural)
Samuela (genitive singular)
Samuelów (genitive plural)
Samuelowi (dative singular)
Samuelom (dative plural)
Samuela (accusative singular)
Samuelów (accusative plural)
Samuelem (instrumental singular)
Samuelami (instrumental plural)
Samuelu (locative singular)
Samuelach (locative plural)
Samuelu (singular vocative)
Samuelowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Samuel, from Ancient Greek Σαμουήλ (Samouḗl), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁמוּאֵל (šəmūʾḗl).


mainstream

pl-noun

mainstream m inan (related adjective mainstreamowy)

mainstreamowy (adjective)
mainstream (nominative singular)
mainstreamu (genitive singular)
mainstreamowi (dative singular)
mainstream (accusative singular)
mainstreamem (instrumental singular)
mainstreamie (locative singular)
mainstreamie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English mainstream.

ubor

(jazz) mainstream jazz (term coined in the 1950s by music journalist Stanley Dance, who considered anything within the popular jazz of the Swing Era "mainstream", and did not include the bebop style)


bookcrossing

pl-noun

bookcrossing m inan (related adjective bookcrossingowy)

bookcrossingowy (adjective)
bookcrossing (nominative singular)
bookcrossingu (genitive singular)
bookcrossingowi (dative singular)
bookcrossing (accusative singular)
bookcrossingiem (instrumental singular)
bookcrossingu (locative singular)
bookcrossingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bookcrossing.

ubor

bookcrossing (practice of leaving a book in a public location to be found and read by others, who then do the same)


ambient

ambient (nominative singular)
ambientu (genitive singular)
ambientowi (dative singular)
ambient (accusative singular)
ambientem (instrumental singular)
ambiencie (locative singular)
ambiencie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English ambient. First attested in 1996.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

(music) ambient (type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere)


ambient

pl-adj

ambient (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

(relational, music) ambient (of or pertaining to the genre)


hip hop

hip hop (nominative singular)
hip hopu (genitive singular)
hip hopowi (dative singular)
hip hop (accusative singular)
hip hopem (instrumental singular)
hip hopie (locative singular)
hip hopie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip hop.


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(rhetoric, poetry) echolalia (stylistic device consisting of the repetition of identical or similar vocal groups solely in order to emphasise the rhythmic or melodic character of the text)


zombi

(computing, fiction, voodoo) Alternative spelling of zombie


shojo

Borrowed from Japanese 少女 (shōjo, “a young woman”).

bor+

Poradnik podaje bardzo precyzyjnie - krok po kroku - metodę tworzenia scen i postaci charakterystycznych dla dziewczęcej, romantycznej mangi shojo. Można tu też znaleźć opis podstawowych materiałów i narzędzi używanych do tworzenia mangi.

2008 October 10, “Sztuka rysowania mangi. Shojo”, in Empik:

The guide gives a very precise, step-by-step method for creating scenes and characters characteristic of girlish, romantic shojo manga. There is also a description of basic materials and tools used to create manga.

shojo - czyli tytuły, które są skierowane dla dziewczynek mniej więcej od 7 do 18 roku życia, dotyczą one przede wszystkim relacji między bohaterami, czyli różnymi zawirowaniami miłosnymi

2021 July 22, “Jakie są rodzaje i gatunki anime?”, in Wywrota:

shojo - that is, titles that are aimed at girls more or less from 7 to 18 years old, they are mainly about the relationship between the characters, that is, various love turmoil

Shojo - jest to gatunek mangi, w którym bohaterką jest młoda, piękna dziewczyna. Fabuła przeważnie dotyczy zawodów miłosnych głównej bohaterki, która mimo przeciwieństw losu gotowa jest poświęcić dla miłości wszystko.

2022, “Manga;-)”, in 日本 ;-), archived from the original on 2022-02-06:

Shojo - is a genre of manga, in which the main character is a young, beautiful girl. The plot mostly concerns the love disappointments of the main character, who, despite the odds, is ready to sacrifice everything for love.


Loki

Loki (nominative singular)
Lokiego (genitive singular)
Lokiemu (dative singular)
Lokiego (accusative singular)
Lokim (instrumental singular)
Lokim (locative singular)
Loki (singular vocative)

(Norse mythology) Loki (the god of mischief and trickery)


bestseller

bestseller (nominative singular)
bestsellery (nominative plural)
bestsellera (genitive singular)
bestselleru (genitive singular)
bestsellerów (genitive plural)
bestsellerowi (dative singular)
bestsellerom (dative plural)
bestseller (accusative singular)
bestsellery (accusative plural)
bestsellerem (instrumental singular)
bestsellerami (instrumental plural)
bestsellerze (locative singular)
bestsellerach (locative plural)
bestsellerze (singular vocative)
bestsellery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bestseller.


thriller

thriller (nominative singular)
thrillery (nominative plural)
thrillera (genitive singular)
thrillerów (genitive plural)
thrillerowi (dative singular)
thrillerom (dative plural)
thriller (accusative singular)
thrillery (accusative plural)
thrillerem (instrumental singular)
thrillerami (instrumental plural)
thrillerze (locative singular)
thrillerach (locative plural)
thrillerze (singular vocative)
thrillery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English thriller.


motto

motto (nominative singular)
motta (nominative plural)
motta (genitive singular)
mott (genitive plural)
mottu (dative singular)
mottom (dative plural)
motto (accusative singular)
motta (accusative plural)
mottem (instrumental singular)
mottami (instrumental plural)
motcie (locative singular)
mottach (locative plural)
motto (singular vocative)
motta (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian motto, from Latin muttum.

(literature) epigraph (literary quotation placed at the beginning of a text)


clubbing

clubbing (nominative singular)
clubbingu (genitive singular)
clubbingowi (dative singular)
clubbing (accusative singular)
clubbingiem (instrumental singular)
clubbingu (locative singular)
clubbingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English clubbing.

(colloquial) clubbing (practice of frequenting nightclubs)


blockbuster

blockbuster (nominative singular)
blockbustery (nominative plural)
blockbustera (genitive singular)
blockbusterów (genitive plural)
blockbusterowi (dative singular)
blockbusterom (dative plural)
blockbuster (accusative singular)
blockbustery (accusative plural)
blockbusterem (instrumental singular)
blockbusterami (instrumental plural)
blockbusterze (locative singular)
blockbusterach (locative plural)
blockbusterze (singular vocative)
blockbustery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English blockbuster. First attested in 1997.


faun

fauni (adjective)
faun (nominative singular)
faunowie (nominative plural)
fauny (derogatory nominative plural)
fauna (genitive singular)
faunów (genitive plural)
faunowi (dative singular)
faunom (dative plural)
fauna (accusative singular)
faunów (accusative plural)
faunem (instrumental singular)
faunami (instrumental plural)
faunie (locative singular)
faunach (locative plural)
faunie (singular vocative)
faunowie (plural vocative)
fauny (derogatory plural vocative)


Abraham

pl-prop

Abraham m pers (related adjective Abrahamowy or Abrahamowski)

Abrahamowy (adjective)
Abrahamowski (adjective)
Abraham (nominative singular)
Abrahamowie (nominative plural)
Abrahama (genitive singular)
Abrahamów (genitive plural)
Abrahamowi (dative singular)
Abrahamom (dative plural)
Abrahama (accusative singular)
Abrahamów (accusative plural)
Abrahamem (instrumental singular)
Abrahamami (instrumental plural)
Abrahamie (locative singular)
Abrahamach (locative plural)
Abrahamie (singular vocative)
Abrahamowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Ābrahām. Doublet of Abram.


Dickens

Dickens (nominative singular)
Dickensa (genitive singular)
Dickensowi (dative singular)
Dickensa (accusative singular)
Dickensem (instrumental singular)
Dickensie (locative singular)
Dickensie (singular vocative)


Maria

pl-prop

Maria f (diminutive Marysia or Marynia or Mania, augmentative Marycha)

Marysia (diminutive)
Marynia (diminutive)
Mania (diminutive)
Marycha (augmentative)
Maria (nominative singular)
Marie (nominative plural)
Marii (genitive singular)
Marii (genitive plural)
Maryj (archaic genitive plural)
Marii (dative singular)
Mariom (dative plural)
Marię (accusative singular)
Marie (accusative plural)
Marią (instrumental singular)
Mariami (instrumental plural)
Marii (locative singular)
Mariach (locative plural)
Mario (singular vocative)
Marie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Marīa. Doublet of Maryja.

(uncountable, biblical, Christianity, dated) Mary (mother of Jesus)


reggae

pl-noun

reggae n (indeclinable, related adjective reggae'owy or reggaeowy)

reggae'owy (adjective)
reggaeowy (adjective)

Unadapted borrowing from English reggae.

reggae (music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies)


Koran

Koran (nominative singular)
Koranu (genitive singular)
Koranowi (dative singular)
Koran (accusative singular)
Koranem (instrumental singular)
Koranie (locative singular)
Koranie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


Joanna

Joasia (diminutive)
Asia (diminutive)
Joanna (nominative singular)
Joanny (nominative plural)
Joanny (genitive singular)
Joann (genitive plural)
Joannie (dative singular)
Joannom (dative plural)
Joannę (accusative singular)
Joanny (accusative plural)
Joanną (instrumental singular)
Joannami (instrumental plural)
Joannie (locative singular)
Joannach (locative plural)
Joanno (singular vocative)
Joanny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, biblical) Joanna (one of the women following Jesus)


Panna

Panna (nominative singular)
Panny (genitive singular)
Pannie (dative singular)
Pannę (accusative singular)
Panną (instrumental singular)
Pannie (locative singular)
Panno (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity, theology) the Virgin, in particular Virgin Mary


Hydra

Hydra (nominative singular)
Hydry (genitive singular)
Hydrze (dative singular)
Hydrę (accusative singular)
Hydrą (instrumental singular)
Hydrze (locative singular)
Hydro (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hydra (mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours)


Genesis

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Genesis. Doublet of geneza.


Pan

Pan (nominative singular)
Pana (genitive singular)
Panu (dative singular)
Pana (accusative singular)
Panem (instrumental singular)
Panie (locative singular)
Panie (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity, theology) Lord (Jesus)


Tora

Tora (nominative singular)
Tory (genitive singular)
Torze (dative singular)
Torę (accusative singular)
Torą (instrumental singular)
Torze (locative singular)
Toro (singular vocative)


Set

Set (nominative singular)
Seta (genitive singular)
Setowi (dative singular)
Seta (accusative singular)
Setem (instrumental singular)
Secie (locative singular)
Secie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Biblical Hebrew שת.

lbor

(biblical) Seth (third son of Adam and Eve)


Wikisłownik

Wikisłownik (nominative singular)
Wikisłowniki (nominative plural)
Wikisłownika (genitive singular)
Wikisłowników (genitive plural)
Wikisłownikowi (dative singular)
Wikisłownikom (dative plural)
Wikisłownik (accusative singular)
Wikisłowniki (accusative plural)
Wikisłownikiem (instrumental singular)
Wikisłownikami (instrumental plural)
Wikisłowniku (locative singular)
Wikisłownikach (locative plural)
Wikisłowniku (singular vocative)
Wikisłowniki (plural vocative)

Partial calque of English Wiktionary. Compare Czech Wikislovník.

Wiktionary (collaborative project run by the Wikimedia Foundation to produce a free and complete dictionary in every language; the dictionaries, collectively, produced by that project)


grunge

pl-noun

grunge m inan (related adjective grunge'owy)

grunge'owy (adjective)
grunge (nominative singular)
grunge'u (genitive singular)
grunge'owi (dative singular)
grunge (accusative singular)
grunge'em (instrumental singular)
grunge'u (locative singular)
grunge'u (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English grunge.

grunge (subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington, which melds punk and metal)


Abel

Abel (nominative singular)
Able (nominative plural)
Ablowie (nominative plural)
Abla (genitive singular)
Abli (genitive plural)
Ablowi (dative singular)
Ablom (dative plural)
Abla (accusative singular)
Abli (accusative plural)
Ablem (instrumental singular)
Ablami (instrumental plural)
Ablu (locative singular)
Ablach (locative plural)
Ablu (singular vocative)
Able (plural vocative)
Ablowie (plural vocative)


rota

rote (kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy)


rota

(historical, military) rota (infantry or cavalry unit in Poland in the 16th–17th c.)

(historical, military) rota (row of soldiers in formation in Poland in the 18th c.)


rota

(firefighting) group of rescuers or firefighters consisting of two people


rota

rota (nominative singular)
roty (nominative plural)
roty (genitive singular)
rot (genitive plural)
rocie (dative singular)
rotom (dative plural)
rotę (accusative singular)
roty (accusative plural)
rotą (instrumental singular)
rotami (instrumental plural)
rocie (locative singular)
rotach (locative plural)
roto (singular vocative)
roty (plural vocative)

(law, Roman Catholicism) tribunal of appeal functioning under the Roman Curia


Disney

pl-prop

Disney m pers (related adjective disnejowski)

disnejowski (adjective)
Disney (nominative singular)
Disneya (genitive singular)
Disneyowi (dative singular)
Disneya (accusative singular)
Disneyem (instrumental singular)
Disneyu (locative singular)
Disneyu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Disney.

Walt Disney (American animator, film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneur)

(metonymically) Disney (The Walt Disney Company, named after Walt Disney)


Hiob

Hiob (nominative singular)
Hiobowie (nominative plural)
Hioba (genitive singular)
Hiobów (genitive plural)
Hiobowi (dative singular)
Hiobom (dative plural)
Hioba (accusative singular)
Hiobów (accusative plural)
Hiobem (instrumental singular)
Hiobami (instrumental plural)
Hiobie (locative singular)
Hiobach (locative plural)
Hiobie (singular vocative)
Hiobowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iob, from Ancient Greek Ἰώβ (Iṓb), from Biblical Hebrew אִיּוֹב (ʾiyyōḇ).

(biblical) Job (Biblical and Qur'anic character)


balet

pl-noun

balet m inan (diminutive balecik, related adjective baletowy)

balecik (diminutive)
baletowy (adjective)
balet (nominative singular)
balety (nominative plural)
baletu (genitive singular)
baletów (genitive plural)
baletowi (dative singular)
baletom (dative plural)
balet (accusative singular)
balety (accusative plural)
baletem (instrumental singular)
baletami (instrumental plural)
balecie (locative singular)
baletach (locative plural)
balecie (singular vocative)
balety (plural vocative)

ballet (classical form of dance or a theatrical presentation of such dancing)

ballet (company of persons who perform this dance)

(colloquial) moresome, orgy (party where the participants are sexually active)

(colloquial, in the plural) dance party with music


aktor

aktor m pers (female equivalent aktorka, diminutive aktorzyk, augmentative aktorzyna or aktorzysko)

aktorka (feminine)
aktorzyk (diminutive)
aktorzyna (augmentative)
aktorzysko (augmentative)
aktor (nominative singular)
aktorzy (nominative plural)
aktory (derogatory nominative plural)
aktora (genitive singular)
aktorów (genitive plural)
aktorowi (dative singular)
aktorom (dative plural)
aktora (accusative singular)
aktorów (accusative plural)
aktorem (instrumental singular)
aktorami (instrumental plural)
aktorze (locative singular)
aktorach (locative plural)
aktorze (singular vocative)
aktorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin āctor. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French acteur. First attested in 1587.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aktor”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(film, television, theater) actor (person who performs in a theatrical play or film)


Talmud

pl-prop

Talmud m inan (related adjective talmudowy or talmudyczny)

talmudowy (adjective)
talmudyczny (adjective)
Talmud (nominative singular)
Talmudy (nominative plural)
Talmudu (genitive singular)
Talmudów (genitive plural)
Talmudowi (dative singular)
Talmudom (dative plural)
Talmud (accusative singular)
Talmudy (accusative plural)
Talmudem (instrumental singular)
Talmudami (instrumental plural)
Talmudzie (locative singular)
Talmudach (locative plural)
Talmudzie (singular vocative)
Talmudy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hebrew תַּלְמוּד (talmúd).

(Judaism) Talmud (collection of Jewish writings)


gigant

gigant (nominative singular)
giganci (nominative plural)
giganty (derogatory nominative plural)
giganta (genitive singular)
gigantów (genitive plural)
gigantowi (dative singular)
gigantom (dative plural)
giganta (accusative singular)
gigantów (accusative plural)
gigantem (instrumental singular)
gigantami (instrumental plural)
gigancie (locative singular)
gigantach (locative plural)
gigancie (singular vocative)
giganci (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) giant (Greek mythological creature)


nóg

nóg (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogowie (nominative plural)
noga (genitive singular)
nogów (genitive plural)
nogowi (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
noga (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogowie (accusative plural)
nogiem (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nogu (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogu (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)
nogowie (plural vocative)

Possibly borrowed from Czech noh, or inherited from Proto-Slavic ultimately from Proto-Slavic *jьnogъ. First attested in 1528. Displaced by gryf.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nog”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


steampunk

steampunk (nominative singular)
steampunku (genitive singular)
steampunkowi (dative singular)
steampunk (accusative singular)
steampunkiem (instrumental singular)
steampunku (locative singular)
steampunku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steampunk.

ubor

(film, science fiction) steampunk (sci-fi subgenre)


realia

realia (nominative plural)
realiów (genitive plural)
realiom (dative plural)
realia (accusative plural)
realiami (instrumental plural)
realiach (locative plural)
realia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin realia, neuter plural of realis (“real”).

lbor

(literature, film) backstory, background


heavy metal

pl-noun

heavy metal m inan (related adjective heavymetalowy)

heavymetalowy (adjective)
heavy metal (nominative singular)
heavy metalu (genitive singular)
heavy metalowi (dative singular)
heavy metal (accusative singular)
heavy metalem (instrumental singular)
heavy metalu (locative singular)
heavy metalu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English heavy metal.


Julia

pl-proper noun

Julia f (male equivalent Juliusz, diminutive Jula or Julcia or Julka)

Juliusz (masculine)
Jula (diminutive)
Julcia (diminutive)
Julka (diminutive)
Julia (nominative singular)
Julie (nominative plural)
Julii (genitive singular)
Julii (genitive plural)
Julij (archaic genitive plural)
Julii (dative singular)
Juliom (dative plural)
Julię (accusative singular)
Julie (accusative plural)
Julią (instrumental singular)
Juliami (instrumental plural)
Julii (locative singular)
Juliach (locative plural)
Julio (singular vocative)
Julie (plural vocative)


tekst

pl-noun

tekst m inan (diminutive tekścik, related adjective tekstowy)

tekścik (diminutive)
tekstowy (adjective)
tekst (nominative singular)
teksty (nominative plural)
tekstu (genitive singular)
tekstów (genitive plural)
tekstowi (dative singular)
tekstom (dative plural)
tekst (accusative singular)
teksty (accusative plural)
tekstem (instrumental singular)
tekstami (instrumental plural)
tekście (locative singular)
tekstach (locative plural)
tekście (singular vocative)
teksty (plural vocative)

(literature) text (book, tome, or other set of writings)


ensemble

Unadapted borrowing from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

ubor

(music, theater) Alternative spelling of ansambl


Joel

Joel (nominative singular)
Joela (genitive singular)
Joelowi (dative singular)
Joela (accusative singular)
Joelem (instrumental singular)
Joelu (locative singular)
Joelu (singular vocative)

(biblical) Joel (prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


goblin

goblin (nominative singular)
gobliny (nominative plural)
goblina (genitive singular)
goblinów (genitive plural)
goblinowi (dative singular)
goblinom (dative plural)
goblina (accusative singular)
gobliny (accusative plural)
goblinem (instrumental singular)
goblinami (instrumental plural)
goblinie (locative singular)
goblinach (locative plural)
goblinie (singular vocative)
gobliny (plural vocative)

(fantasy) goblin (hostile diminutive humanoid in fantasy literature)


biblioteka

pl-noun

biblioteka f (diminutive biblioteczka, related adjective biblioteczny)

biblioteczka (diminutive)
biblioteczny (adjective)
biblioteka (nominative singular)
biblioteki (nominative plural)
biblioteki (genitive singular)
bibliotek (genitive plural)
bibliotece (dative singular)
bibliotekom (dative plural)
bibliotekę (accusative singular)
biblioteki (accusative plural)
biblioteką (instrumental singular)
bibliotekami (instrumental plural)
bibliotece (locative singular)
bibliotekach (locative plural)
biblioteko (singular vocative)
biblioteki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin bibliothēca.

lbor

library (special room in the apartment with shelves of books)


Eden

Eden (nominative singular)
Edenu (genitive singular)
Edenowi (dative singular)
Eden (accusative singular)
Edenem (instrumental singular)
Edenie (locative singular)
Edenie (singular vocative)

(biblical) Eden (garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia)


soundtrack

soundtrack (nominative singular)
soundtracki (nominative plural)
soundtracku (genitive singular)
soundtracków (genitive plural)
soundtrackowi (dative singular)
soundtrackom (dative plural)
soundtrack (accusative singular)
soundtracki (accusative plural)
soundtrackiem (instrumental singular)
soundtrackami (instrumental plural)
soundtracku (locative singular)
soundtrackach (locative plural)
soundtracku (singular vocative)
soundtracki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soundtrack.

ubor

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (recording of such music for sale)


kobold

kobold (nominative singular)
koboldy (nominative plural)
kobolda (genitive singular)
koboldów (genitive plural)
koboldowi (dative singular)
koboldom (dative plural)
kobolda (accusative singular)
koboldy (accusative plural)
koboldem (instrumental singular)
koboldami (instrumental plural)
koboldzie (locative singular)
koboldach (locative plural)
koboldzie (singular vocative)
koboldy (plural vocative)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household)


romans

romansik (diminutive)
romans (nominative singular)
romanse (nominative plural)
romansy (nominative plural)
romansu (genitive singular)
romansów (genitive plural)
romansowi (dative singular)
romansom (dative plural)
romans (accusative singular)
romanse (accusative plural)
romansy (accusative plural)
romansem (instrumental singular)
romansami (instrumental plural)
romansie (locative singular)
romansach (locative plural)
romansie (singular vocative)
romanse (plural vocative)
romansy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French romance, from Spanish romance, itself probably a borrowing from either Old French romanz or Old Occitan romans, from Vulgar Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus. Doublet of romansz.

(literature) romance novel (story or novel dealing with idealized love, usually with little artistic value)

(literature, historical) Ancient Greek novel, romaunt


bibliomania

bibliomania (nominative singular)
bibliomanii (genitive singular)
bibliomanii (dative singular)
bibliomanię (accusative singular)
bibliomanią (instrumental singular)
bibliomanii (locative singular)
bibliomanio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -mania. First attested in 1819.


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(poetry) mora (a unit used to measure lines and stanzas of poetry)


baja

baja (nominative singular)
baje (nominative plural)
bai (genitive singular)
baj (genitive plural)
bai (dative singular)
bajom (dative plural)
baję (accusative singular)
baje (accusative plural)
bają (instrumental singular)
bajami (instrumental plural)
bai (locative singular)
bajach (locative plural)
bajo (singular vocative)
baje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Baie, from French baie.


fin de siècle

fin de siècle (nominative singular)
fin de siècle'u (genitive singular)
fin de siècle'owi (dative singular)
fin de siècle (accusative singular)
fin de siècle'em (instrumental singular)
fin de siècle'u (locative singular)
fin de siècle'u (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from French fin-de-siècle.

ubor

(art, historical, literature) fin de siècle (literary and artistic climate of modernism, world-weariness, and self-indulgence)


crossover

crossover (nominative singular)
crossovery (nominative plural)
crossoveru (genitive singular)
crossoverów (genitive plural)
crossoverowi (dative singular)
crossoverom (dative plural)
crossover (accusative singular)
crossovery (accusative plural)
crossoverem (instrumental singular)
crossoverami (instrumental plural)
crossoverze (locative singular)
crossoverach (locative plural)
crossoverze (singular vocative)
crossovery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English crossover.

(film, music) crossover (blend of multiple styles of music or multiple film genres, intended to appeal to a wider audience)


werk

werk (nominative singular)
werki (nominative plural)
werku (genitive singular)
werków (genitive plural)
werkowi (dative singular)
werkom (dative plural)
werk (accusative singular)
werki (accusative plural)
werkiem (instrumental singular)
werkami (instrumental plural)
werku (locative singular)
werkach (locative plural)
werku (singular vocative)
werki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Werk, from Middle High German wërc, from Old High German werc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Possibly a doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”).

(cinematography) photo documenting the film set


manna

pl-noun

manna f (related adjective manniany or mannowy)

manniany (adjective)
mannowy (adjective)
manna (nominative singular)
manny (nominative plural)
manny (genitive singular)
mann (genitive plural)
mannie (dative singular)
mannom (dative plural)
mannę (accusative singular)
manny (accusative plural)
manną (instrumental singular)
mannami (instrumental plural)
mannie (locative singular)
mannach (locative plural)
manno (singular vocative)
manny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin manna.

(biblical) manna (food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus)


runa

runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany)

runiczny (adjective)
runicki (adjective)
runowy (adjective)
runiany (adjective)
runa (nominative singular)
runy (nominative plural)
runy (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runie (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runę (accusative singular)
runy (accusative plural)
runą (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runy (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)


jamb

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


King Kong

King Kong (nominative singular)
King Konga (genitive singular)
King Kongowi (dative singular)
King Konga (accusative singular)
King Kongiem (instrumental singular)
King Kongu (locative singular)
King Kongu (singular vocative)

King Kong (fictional giant ape, the eponymous star of several movies)


chillout

chillout (nominative singular)
chilloutu (genitive singular)
chilloutowi (dative singular)
chillout (accusative singular)
chilloutem (instrumental singular)
chilloucie (locative singular)
chilloucie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English chillout.


xenia

xenia (nominative singular)
xenie (nominative plural)
xenii (genitive singular)
xenii (genitive plural)
xenij (archaic genitive plural)
xenii (dative singular)
xeniom (dative plural)
xenię (accusative singular)
xenie (accusative plural)
xenią (instrumental singular)
xeniami (instrumental plural)
xenii (locative singular)
xeniach (locative plural)
xenio (singular vocative)
xenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξενίᾱ (xeníā).

lbor

(poetry) Xenien (biting epigram in the form of a two-line poem)


ragtime

pl-noun

ragtime m inan (related adjective ragtime'owy or ragtimowy)

ragtime'owy (adjective)
ragtimowy (adjective)
ragtime (nominative singular)
ragtime'y (nominative plural)
ragtime'u (genitive singular)
ragtime'ów (genitive plural)
ragtime'owi (dative singular)
ragtime'om (dative plural)
ragtime (accusative singular)
ragtime'y (accusative plural)
ragtime'em (instrumental singular)
ragtime'ami (instrumental plural)
ragtimie (locative singular)
ragtime'ach (locative plural)
ragtimie (singular vocative)
ragtime'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ragtime.

ubor

(music, uncountable) ragtime (musical form having a rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment)