piekarnia

piekarnia (nominative singular)
piekarnie (nominative plural)
piekarni (genitive singular)
piekarni (genitive plural)
piekarń (genitive plural)
piekarni (dative singular)
piekarniom (dative plural)
piekarnię (accusative singular)
piekarnie (accusative plural)
piekarnią (instrumental singular)
piekarniami (instrumental plural)
piekarni (locative singular)
piekarniach (locative plural)
piekarnio (singular vocative)
piekarnie (plural vocative)

(Podegrodzie) baking room (first spacious room in a house in which there is a stove for cooking food and a baking oven)


kwiaciarnia

kwiaciarenka (diminutive)
kwiaciarnia (nominative singular)
kwiaciarnie (nominative plural)
kwiaciarni (genitive singular)
kwiaciarni (genitive plural)
kwiaciarń (genitive plural)
kwiaciarni (dative singular)
kwiaciarniom (dative plural)
kwiaciarnię (accusative singular)
kwiaciarnie (accusative plural)
kwiaciarnią (instrumental singular)
kwiaciarniami (instrumental plural)
kwiaciarni (locative singular)
kwiaciarniach (locative plural)
kwiaciarnio (singular vocative)
kwiaciarnie (plural vocative)
kwieciarnia (alternative)

florist's (shop that sells flowers; a flower shop)


ładowarka

ładowarka (nominative singular)
ładowarki (nominative plural)
ładowarki (genitive singular)
ładowarek (genitive plural)
ładowarce (dative singular)
ładowarkom (dative plural)
ładowarkę (accusative singular)
ładowarki (accusative plural)
ładowarką (instrumental singular)
ładowarkami (instrumental plural)
ładowarce (locative singular)
ładowarkach (locative plural)
ładowarko (singular vocative)
ładowarki (plural vocative)


gruba

Borrowed from German Grube. Compare Silesian gruba.

(Kielce, Lasovia) furnace that is lit from a hallway


bandaż

bandażyk (diminutive)
bandaż (nominative singular)
bandaże (nominative plural)
bandaża (genitive singular)
bandażu (genitive singular)
bandaży (genitive plural)
bandażów (genitive plural)
bandażowi (dative singular)
bandażom (dative plural)
bandaż (accusative singular)
bandaże (accusative plural)
bandażem (instrumental singular)
bandażami (instrumental plural)
bandażu (locative singular)
bandażach (locative plural)
bandażu (singular vocative)
bandaże (plural vocative)

(construction) gauze (soething wrapped around something else to protect it)


kolumna

kolumienka (diminutive)
kolumna (nominative singular)
kolumny (nominative plural)
kolumny (genitive singular)
kolumn (genitive plural)
kolumnie (dative singular)
kolumnom (dative plural)
kolumnę (accusative singular)
kolumny (accusative plural)
kolumną (instrumental singular)
kolumnami (instrumental plural)
kolumnie (locative singular)
kolumnach (locative plural)
kolumno (singular vocative)
kolumny (plural vocative)

(architecture) column (upright supporting structure)


wrota

wrota (nominative plural)
wrót (genitive plural)
wrotom (dative plural)
wrota (accusative plural)
wrotami (instrumental plural)
wrotach (locative plural)
wrota (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wrota, from Proto-Slavic *vorta.


struktura

struktura (nominative singular)
struktury (nominative plural)
struktury (genitive singular)
struktur (genitive plural)
strukturze (dative singular)
strukturom (dative plural)
strukturę (accusative singular)
struktury (accusative plural)
strukturą (instrumental singular)
strukturami (instrumental plural)
strukturze (locative singular)
strukturach (locative plural)
strukturo (singular vocative)
struktury (plural vocative)

(construction) structure (cohesive whole built up of distinct parts)


przedsionek

przedsionek (nominative singular)
przedsionki (nominative plural)
przedsionka (genitive singular)
przedsionków (genitive plural)
przedsionkowi (dative singular)
przedsionkom (dative plural)
przedsionek (accusative singular)
przedsionki (accusative plural)
przedsionkiem (instrumental singular)
przedsionkami (instrumental plural)
przedsionku (locative singular)
przedsionkach (locative plural)
przedsionku (singular vocative)
przedsionki (plural vocative)


fartuch

fartuch (nominative singular)
fartuchy (nominative plural)
fartucha (genitive singular)
fartuchów (genitive plural)
fartuchowi (dative singular)
fartuchom (dative plural)
fartuch (accusative singular)
fartuchy (accusative plural)
fartuchem (instrumental singular)
fartuchami (instrumental plural)
fartuchu (locative singular)
fartuchach (locative plural)
fartuchu (singular vocative)
fartuchy (plural vocative)

(architecture) canopy (finishing element of a building that covers a part of it, usually made of sheet metal)


świątynia

pl-noun

świątynia f (diminutive świątyńka or świątynka, related adjective świątynny or świątyniowy)

świątyńka (diminutive)
świątynka (diminutive)
świątynny (adjective)
świątyniowy (adjective)
świątynia (nominative singular)
świątynie (nominative plural)
świątyni (genitive singular)
świątyń (genitive plural)
świątyni (dative singular)
świątyniom (dative plural)
świątynię (accusative singular)
świątynie (accusative plural)
świątynią (instrumental singular)
świątyniami (instrumental plural)
świątyni (locative singular)
świątyniach (locative plural)
świątynio (singular vocative)
świątynie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *svętyni. By surface analysis, święty + -ynia.

Ze względu na trudności finansowe i lokalny opór mieszkańców budowa nigdy nie została ukończona. W 2000 r. Alamsjah nie miał już pieniędzy na dalszą budowę i wstrzymał prace nad świątynią. Obecnie Gereja Ayam nie jest do końca opuszczona. W świątyni odbywają się uroczystości religijne i śluby. Osoby uzależnione od narkotyków, potrzebujące i niepełnosprawne również mogą liczyć na pomoc w tym miejscu. Oprócz funkcji religijnych, miejsce to jest również nietypową atrakcją turystyczną.

2024 July 21, “Szary Burek”, “Świątynia, która miała przypominać gołębia. Coś poszło jednak nie tak”, in onet.pl, archived from the original on 2024-07-31:

Due to financial difficulties and local resistance from residents, construction was never completed. In 2000, Alamsjah no longer had the money to continue construction and halted work on the temple. Today, Gereja Ayam is not entirely abandoned. Religious ceremonies and weddings are held at the temple. Drug addicts, the needy, and the disabled can also find help here. In addition to its religious functions, the site is also an unusual tourist attraction.

temple, house of worship, place of worship (religious edifice; a mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith)

temple (house of worship dedicated to a polytheistic faith)

Ewa Zajączkowska-Hernik, mówiąc o kulisach pracy w PE, przyznała, że „jest trochę zszokowana skalą przedsięwzięć”. – Jest to swoista świątynia demoralizacji, europosłowie mają tam zapewnione dosłownie wszystko. Mam wrażenie, to po to, by nie podnosili głów za wysoko i nie krytykowali tego, co się dzieje – stwierdziła.

2024 July 30, Ada Michalak, “Ewa Zajączkowska-Hernik o Parlamencie Europejskim: Świątynia demoralizacji”, in rp.pl, archived from the original on 2024-07-31:

Ewa Zajączkowska-Hernik, speaking about the behind-the-scenes work in the EP, admitted that “she is a bit shocked by the scale of the undertakings.” “It is a kind of temple of demoralization, MEPs are provided with literally everything there. I have the impression that this is so that they do not raise their heads too high and criticize what is going on,” she said.

(figurative) temple (any place seen as an important center for some activity)


biuro

biurowy (adjective)
biuro (nominative singular)
biura (nominative plural)
biura (genitive singular)
biur (genitive plural)
biuru (dative singular)
biurom (dative plural)
biuro (accusative singular)
biura (accusative plural)
biurem (instrumental singular)
biurami (instrumental plural)
biurze (locative singular)
biurach (locative plural)
biuro (singular vocative)
biura (plural vocative)
bioro (alternative)
bióro (alternative)

Borrowed from French bureau. First attested in 1638. Compare Kashubian bióro and Silesian biyrŏ /biōrŏ.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (15.07.2008) “BIURO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

office, agency (room in such a building)

office, agency (people working in such a building or room)

(obsolete) desk (furniture used for working)


biurowiec

biurowiec (nominative singular)
biurowce (nominative plural)
biurowca (genitive singular)
biurowców (genitive plural)
biurowcowi (dative singular)
biurowcom (dative plural)
biurowiec (accusative singular)
biurowce (accusative plural)
biurowcem (instrumental singular)
biurowcami (instrumental plural)
biurowcu (locative singular)
biurowcach (locative plural)
biurowcu (singular vocative)
biurowce (plural vocative)

From biuro + -owiec. First attested in 1857.

betonowy biurowiec

szklany biurowiec

ogromny biurowiec

okazały biurowiec

olbrzymi biurowiec

potężny biurowiec

wielki biurowiec

wysoki biurowiec

ekskluzywny/luksusowy biurowiec

elegancki biurowiec

nowoczesny biurowiec

reprezentacyjny biurowiec

zakładowy biurowiec

0-kondygnacyjny biurowiec

15-piętrowy biurowiec

biurowiec dyrekcji

biurowiec zarządu

the office building of the board of managers

biurowiec fabryki

biurowiec firmy

biurowiec huty

biurowiec przedsiębiorstwa

biurowiec spółdzielni

biurowiec spółki

biurowiec szpitala

biurowiec zakładu

biurowiec klasy A

biurowiec klasy B

biurowiec klas A+B

biurowiec z aluminium

biurowiec ze szkła

biurowiec z basenem

biurowiec z parkingiem

biurowiec z redakcjami gazet i tygodników

an office building with a newspaper's and weekly's editorial board

biurowiec z przeznaczeniem na instytucje powiatowe

an office building to be used for county institutions

budowa biurowca

projekt biurowca

remont biurowca

budynek biurowca

dach biurowca

elewacja biurowca

ściana biurowca

parter biurowca

piętro biurowca

pokój biurowca

dzielnica biurowców

bank w biurowcu

biuro w biurowcu

lokal w biurowcu

pokój w biurowcu

budować/wybudować/budować biurowiec

wynajmować biurowce

pracować w biurowcu

wynajmować pomieszczenie w biurowcu


turma

turma (nominative singular)
turmy (nominative plural)
turmy (genitive singular)
turm (genitive plural)
turmie (dative singular)
turmom (dative plural)
turmę (accusative singular)
turmy (accusative plural)
turmą (instrumental singular)
turmami (instrumental plural)
turmie (locative singular)
turmach (locative plural)
turmo (singular vocative)
turmy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Turm, from Middle High German turn, turm, from Old High German torn, from Old French, from Latin turris. Doublet of turnia.


bąk

bączek (diminutive)
bąk (nominative singular)
bąki (nominative plural)
bąka (genitive singular)
bąków (genitive plural)
bąkowi (dative singular)
bąkom (dative plural)
bąka (accusative singular)
bąki (accusative plural)
bąkiem (instrumental singular)
bąkami (instrumental plural)
bąku (locative singular)
bąkach (locative plural)
bąku (singular vocative)
bąki (plural vocative)
bok (alternative)


dworzec

dworzec (nominative singular)
dworce (nominative plural)
dworca (genitive singular)
dworców (genitive plural)
dworcowi (dative singular)
dworcom (dative plural)
dworzec (accusative singular)
dworce (accusative plural)
dworcem (instrumental singular)
dworcami (instrumental plural)
dworcu (locative singular)
dworcach (locative plural)
dworcu (singular vocative)
dworce (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dvorьcь. Cognate with Czech dvorec (“court (for ballgames)”) and Russian дворец (dvorec, “palace”). By surface analysis, dwór + -iec.

station (central place in public transport, such as for trains or buses, in particular a station containing a station building with passenger facilities, such as ticket sales, waiting rooms, food outlets, etc.)


ambulatorium

ambulatorium (nominative singular)
ambulatoria (nominative plural)
ambulatorium (genitive singular)
ambulatoriów (genitive plural)
ambulatorium (dative singular)
ambulatoriom (dative plural)
ambulatorium (accusative singular)
ambulatoria (accusative plural)
ambulatorium (instrumental singular)
ambulatoriami (instrumental plural)
ambulatorium (locative singular)
ambulatoriach (locative plural)
ambulatorium (singular vocative)
ambulatoria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ambulātōrium. First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ambulatorium”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(healthcare) polyclinic, outpatient clinic, medical bay, infirmary, sickbay


azyl

azyl (nominative singular)
azyle (nominative plural)
azylu (genitive singular)
azyli (genitive plural)
azylowi (dative singular)
azylom (dative plural)
azyl (accusative singular)
azyle (accusative plural)
azylem (instrumental singular)
azylami (instrumental plural)
azylu (locative singular)
azylach (locative plural)
azylu (singular vocative)
azyle (plural vocative)

(politics, law) right of asylum, asylum, refuge, sanctuary (protection offered to a refugee)

(literary) asylum, refuge, sanctuary (safe place)

shelter (an institution that provides temporary housing for homeless people, battered women, etc.)


teatr

pl-noun

teatr m inan (diminutive teatrzyk, related adjective teatralny)

teatrzyk (diminutive)
teatralny (adjective)
teatr (nominative singular)
teatry (nominative plural)
teatru (genitive singular)
teatrów (genitive plural)
teatrowi (dative singular)
teatrom (dative plural)
teatr (accusative singular)
teatry (accusative plural)
teatrem (instrumental singular)
teatrami (instrumental plural)
teatrze (locative singular)
teatrach (locative plural)
teatrze (singular vocative)
teatry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French théâtre. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian teater /téater and Silesian tyjater.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “teatr”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable) theater (institution that performs various spectacles)

(countable) theater (building where spectacles are performed)

(countable) theater (group of people that work at such an institution or building)

(uncountable) theater (drama or performance as a profession or art form)

(countable, obsolete) stage (place where a play takes place)


chodnik

pl-noun

chodnik m inan (diminutive chodniczek, related adjective chodnikowy)

chodniczek (diminutive)
chodnikowy (adjective)
chodnik (nominative singular)
chodniki (nominative plural)
chodnika (genitive singular)
chodników (genitive plural)
chodnikowi (dative singular)
chodnikom (dative plural)
chodnik (accusative singular)
chodniki (accusative plural)
chodnikiem (instrumental singular)
chodnikami (instrumental plural)
chodniku (locative singular)
chodnikach (locative plural)
chodniku (singular vocative)
chodniki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish chodnik. By surface analysis, chód + -nik.


klamka

klamka (nominative singular)
klamki (nominative plural)
klamki (genitive singular)
klamek (genitive plural)
klamce (dative singular)
klamkom (dative plural)
klamkę (accusative singular)
klamki (accusative plural)
klamką (instrumental singular)
klamkami (instrumental plural)
klamce (locative singular)
klamkach (locative plural)
klamko (singular vocative)
klamki (plural vocative)

From Middle High German klam, klame, klamme + -ka.


klasztor

klasztorek (diminutive)
klasztor (nominative singular)
klasztory (nominative plural)
klasztoru (genitive singular)
klasztorów (genitive plural)
klasztorowi (dative singular)
klasztorom (dative plural)
klasztor (accusative singular)
klasztory (accusative plural)
klasztorem (instrumental singular)
klasztorami (instrumental plural)
klasztorze (locative singular)
klasztorach (locative plural)
klasztorze (singular vocative)
klasztory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Czech klášter, from Old High German klōsta, from Latin claustrum.


ogrodzenie

pl-noun

ogrodzenie n (related adjective ogrodzeniowy)

ogrodzeniowy (adjective)
ogrodzenie (nominative singular)
ogrodzenia (nominative plural)
ogrodzenia (genitive singular)
ogrodzeń (genitive plural)
ogrodzeniu (dative singular)
ogrodzeniom (dative plural)
ogrodzenie (accusative singular)
ogrodzenia (accusative plural)
ogrodzeniem (instrumental singular)
ogrodzeniami (instrumental plural)
ogrodzeniu (locative singular)
ogrodzeniach (locative plural)
ogrodzenie (singular vocative)
ogrodzenia (plural vocative)

/ɔ.ɡrɔˈd͡zɛ.ɲɛ/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ogorďenьje. By surface analysis, ogrodzić + -enie.

(countable) enclosure, fencing, fence, stockade (structure that surrounds an area, such as a fence, mesh, or wall, making it difficult to enter or exit)


fosa

fosa (nominative singular)
fosy (nominative plural)
fosy (genitive singular)
fos (genitive plural)
fosie (dative singular)
fosom (dative plural)
fosę (accusative singular)
fosy (accusative plural)
fosą (instrumental singular)
fosami (instrumental plural)
fosie (locative singular)
fosach (locative plural)
foso (singular vocative)
fosy (plural vocative)

moat, fosse (deep, wide defensive ditch, normally filled with water, surrounding a fortified habitation)


wiązać

(transitive, Przemyśl, construction) Synonym of przybijać (“to nail rafters”)


dwójka

dwójka f (diminutive dwójeczka, augmentative dwója)

dwójeczka (diminutive)
dwója (augmentative)
dwójka (nominative singular)
dwójki (nominative plural)
dwójki (genitive singular)
dwójek (genitive plural)
dwójce (dative singular)
dwójkom (dative plural)
dwójkę (accusative singular)
dwójki (accusative plural)
dwójką (instrumental singular)
dwójkami (instrumental plural)
dwójce (locative singular)
dwójkach (locative plural)
dwójko (singular vocative)
dwójki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dъvojьka. By surface analysis, dwoje + -ka.

(informal, euphemistic) number two, feces


kasyno

kasyno (nominative singular)
kasyna (nominative plural)
kasyna (genitive singular)
kasyn (genitive plural)
kasynu (dative singular)
kasynom (dative plural)
kasyno (accusative singular)
kasyna (accusative plural)
kasynem (instrumental singular)
kasynami (instrumental plural)
kasynie (locative singular)
kasynach (locative plural)
kasyno (singular vocative)
kasyna (plural vocative)


blacha

blaszka (diminutive)
blacha (nominative singular)
blachy (nominative plural)
blachy (genitive singular)
blach (genitive plural)
blasze (dative singular)
blachom (dative plural)
blachę (accusative singular)
blachy (accusative plural)
blachą (instrumental singular)
blachami (instrumental plural)
blasze (locative singular)
blachach (locative plural)
blacho (singular vocative)
blachy (plural vocative)
blach (alternative)
błacha (alternative)
plach (alternative)
placha (alternative)
plech (alternative)
płach (alternative)

→ Kashubian: blacha

→ Russian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

→ Ukrainian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

blacha do pieczenia

nasmarować/wysmarować blachę masłem/tłuszczem

to grease a baking sheet with butter/fat

piec na blasze

ułożyć coś na blasze

białe blachy

czarne blachy

nowe blachy

stare blachy

auto/pojazd/samochód na zagranicznych blachach


bluszcz

bluszcz m inan (diminutive bluszczyk, related adjective bluszczowy)

bluszczyk (diminutive)
bluszczowy (adjective)
bluszcz (nominative singular)
bluszcze (nominative plural)
bluszczu (genitive singular)
bluszczy (genitive plural)
bluszczów (genitive plural)
bluszczowi (dative singular)
bluszczom (dative plural)
bluszcz (accusative singular)
bluszcze (accusative plural)
bluszczem (instrumental singular)
bluszczami (instrumental plural)
bluszczu (locative singular)
bluszczach (locative plural)
bluszczu (singular vocative)
bluszcze (plural vocative)
blusc (alternative)

(obsolete, architecture) hedera (ornamentation)


podniebienie

podniebienie (nominative singular)
podniebienia (nominative plural)
podniebienia (genitive singular)
podniebień (genitive plural)
podniebieniu (dative singular)
podniebieniom (dative plural)
podniebienie (accusative singular)
podniebienia (accusative plural)
podniebieniem (instrumental singular)
podniebieniami (instrumental plural)
podniebieniu (locative singular)
podniebieniach (locative plural)
podniebienie (singular vocative)
podniebienia (plural vocative)

desc

→ Belarusian: паднябе́нне (padnjabjénnje)

→ Ukrainian: піднебі́ння (pidnebínnja)


przedszkole

pl-noun

przedszkole n (related adjective przedszkolny)

przedszkolny (adjective)
przedszkole (nominative singular)
przedszkola (nominative plural)
przedszkola (genitive singular)
przedszkoli (genitive plural)
przedszkolu (dative singular)
przedszkolom (dative plural)
przedszkole (accusative singular)
przedszkola (accusative plural)
przedszkolem (instrumental singular)
przedszkolami (instrumental plural)
przedszkolu (locative singular)
przedszkolach (locative plural)
przedszkole (singular vocative)
przedszkola (plural vocative)

Univerbation of przed + szkołą + -e. Perhaps a calque of German Vorschule.

(education) preschool, kindergarten (educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6)

preschool, kindergarten (education taking place in the building)


pokład

pokład (nominative singular)
pokłady (nominative plural)
pokładu (genitive singular)
pokładów (genitive plural)
pokładowi (dative singular)
pokładom (dative plural)
pokład (accusative singular)
pokłady (accusative plural)
pokładem (instrumental singular)
pokładami (instrumental plural)
pokładzie (locative singular)
pokładach (locative plural)
pokładzie (singular vocative)
pokłady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pokład. By surface analysis, deverbal of pokładać.


szkielet

pl-noun

szkielet m inan (diminutive szkielecik, related adjective szkieletowy)

szkielecik (diminutive)
szkieletowy (adjective)
szkielet (nominative singular)
szkielety (nominative plural)
szkieletu (genitive singular)
szkieletów (genitive plural)
szkieletowi (dative singular)
szkieletom (dative plural)
szkielet (accusative singular)
szkielety (accusative plural)
szkieletem (instrumental singular)
szkieletami (instrumental plural)
szkielecie (locative singular)
szkieletach (locative plural)
szkielecie (singular vocative)
szkielety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σκελετός (skeletós).

lbor

(construction) framework, skeleton (frame that provides support to a building or other construction)


szczyt

szczyt (nominative singular)
szczyty (nominative plural)
szczytu (genitive singular)
szczytów (genitive plural)
szczytowi (dative singular)
szczytom (dative plural)
szczyt (accusative singular)
szczyty (accusative plural)
szczytem (instrumental singular)
szczytami (instrumental plural)
szczycie (locative singular)
szczytach (locative plural)
szczycie (singular vocative)
szczyty (plural vocative)


dachówka

dachówka (nominative singular)
dachówki (nominative plural)
dachówki (genitive singular)
dachówek (genitive plural)
dachówce (dative singular)
dachówkom (dative plural)
dachówkę (accusative singular)
dachówki (accusative plural)
dachówką (instrumental singular)
dachówkami (instrumental plural)
dachówce (locative singular)
dachówkach (locative plural)
dachówko (singular vocative)
dachówki (plural vocative)


dach

pl-noun

dach m inan (diminutive daszek, related adjective dachowy)

daszek (diminutive)
dachowy (adjective)
dach (nominative singular)
dachy (nominative plural)
dachu (genitive singular)
dachów (genitive plural)
dachowi (dative singular)
dachom (dative plural)
dach (accusative singular)
dachy (accusative plural)
dachem (instrumental singular)
dachami (instrumental plural)
dachu (locative singular)
dachach (locative plural)
dachu (singular vocative)
dachy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: дах (dax)

→ Ukrainian: дах (dax)

Borrowed from Middle High German dach. Cognate with German Dach.

(figurative, metonymically) house, apartment


wiadukt

wiadukt (nominative singular)
wiadukty (nominative plural)
wiaduktu (genitive singular)
wiaduktów (genitive plural)
wiaduktowi (dative singular)
wiaduktom (dative plural)
wiadukt (accusative singular)
wiadukty (accusative plural)
wiaduktem (instrumental singular)
wiaduktami (instrumental plural)
wiadukcie (locative singular)
wiaduktach (locative plural)
wiadukcie (singular vocative)
wiadukty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English viaduct, from Latin via (“road”) + duco (“I lead”).


akwedukt

akwedukt m inan (related adjective akweduktowy)

akweduktowy (adjective)
akwedukt (nominative singular)
akwedukty (nominative plural)
akweduktu (genitive singular)
akweduktów (genitive plural)
akweduktowi (dative singular)
akweduktom (dative plural)
akwedukt (accusative singular)
akwedukty (accusative plural)
akweduktem (instrumental singular)
akweduktami (instrumental plural)
akwedukcie (locative singular)
akweduktach (locative plural)
akwedukcie (singular vocative)
akwedukty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akwedukt

Learned borrowing from Latin aquaeductus. First attested in 1633.

ref

Teresa Sokołowska (02.07.2012) “AKWEDUKT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

nowy akwedukt

podziemny akwedukt

starożytny akwedukt

pozostałości akweduktu

budowa akweduktów

zbudować/wybudować akwedukt

akwedukt dostarcza wodę

an aqueduct delivers/supplies/provides/brings water

aqueduct (artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another)


płot

płotek (diminutive)
płot (nominative singular)
płoty (nominative plural)
płotu (genitive singular)
płotów (genitive plural)
płotowi (dative singular)
płotom (dative plural)
płot (accusative singular)
płoty (accusative plural)
płotem (instrumental singular)
płotami (instrumental plural)
płocie (locative singular)
płotach (locative plural)
płocie (singular vocative)
płoty (plural vocative)

fence (thin, human-constructed barrier which separates two pieces of land or a house perimeter)


labirynt

pl-noun

labirynt m inan (related adjective labiryntowy)

labiryntowy (adjective)
labirynt (nominative singular)
labirynty (nominative plural)
labiryntu (genitive singular)
labiryntów (genitive plural)
labiryntowi (dative singular)
labiryntom (dative plural)
labirynt (accusative singular)
labirynty (accusative plural)
labiryntem (instrumental singular)
labiryntami (instrumental plural)
labiryncie (locative singular)
labiryntach (locative plural)
labiryncie (singular vocative)
labirynty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin labyrinthus.

lbor

(Greek mythology) labyrinth (maze-like structure built by Daedalus in Knossos, containing the Minotaur)


marmur

marmurek (diminutive)
marmur (nominative singular)
marmury (nominative plural)
marmuru (genitive singular)
marmurów (genitive plural)
marmurowi (dative singular)
marmurom (dative plural)
marmur (accusative singular)
marmury (accusative plural)
marmurem (instrumental singular)
marmurami (instrumental plural)
marmurze (locative singular)
marmurach (locative plural)
marmurze (singular vocative)
marmury (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros).


korytarz

korytarz (nominative singular)
korytarze (nominative plural)
korytarza (genitive singular)
korytarzy (genitive plural)
korytarzowi (dative singular)
korytarzom (dative plural)
korytarz (accusative singular)
korytarze (accusative plural)
korytarzem (instrumental singular)
korytarzami (instrumental plural)
korytarzu (locative singular)
korytarzach (locative plural)
korytarzu (singular vocative)
korytarze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian corridore, from Latin corritorium.


kazamata

kazamata (nominative singular)
kazamaty (nominative plural)
kazamaty (genitive singular)
kazamat (genitive plural)
kazamacie (dative singular)
kazamatom (dative plural)
kazamatę (accusative singular)
kazamaty (accusative plural)
kazamatą (instrumental singular)
kazamatami (instrumental plural)
kazamacie (locative singular)
kazamatach (locative plural)
kazamato (singular vocative)
kazamaty (plural vocative)


pomnik

pl-noun

pomnik m inan (diminutive pomniczek, related adjective pomnikowy)

pomniczek (diminutive)
pomnikowy (adjective)
pomnik (nominative singular)
pomniki (nominative plural)
pomnika (genitive singular)
pomników (genitive plural)
pomnikowi (dative singular)
pomnikom (dative plural)
pomnik (accusative singular)
pomniki (accusative plural)
pomnikiem (instrumental singular)
pomnikami (instrumental plural)
pomniku (locative singular)
pomnikach (locative plural)
pomniku (singular vocative)
pomniki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: по́мнік (pómnik)

desctree

→ Czech: pomník
→ Slovak: pomník
→ Upper Sorbian: pomnik
→ Lower Sorbian: pomnik

→ Kashubian: pòmnik

→ Silesian: pōmnik

→ Vilamovian: pomnik

From pomny + -ik. Calque of Latin monumentum. Coined by Jacek Przybylski in 1788.

gravestone, tombstone (stone slab set at the head of a grave)


Odrodzenie

Odrodzenie (nominative singular)
Odrodzenia (genitive singular)
Odrodzeniu (dative singular)
Odrodzenie (accusative singular)
Odrodzeniem (instrumental singular)
Odrodzeniu (locative singular)
Odrodzenie (singular vocative)

From odrodzić + -enie. Calque of French Renaissance.

(architecture, art, historical, literature) Alternative spelling of odrodzenie


monopol

monopol (nominative singular)
monopole (nominative plural)
monopolu (genitive singular)
monopoli (genitive plural)
monopolów (genitive plural)
monopolowi (dative singular)
monopolom (dative plural)
monopol (accusative singular)
monopole (accusative plural)
monopolem (instrumental singular)
monopolami (instrumental plural)
monopolu (locative singular)
monopolach (locative plural)
monopolu (singular vocative)
monopole (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μονοπώλιον (monopṓlion).


mamer

mamer (nominative singular)
mamry (nominative plural)
mamra (genitive singular)
mamrów (genitive plural)
mamrowi (dative singular)
mamrom (dative plural)
mamer (accusative singular)
mamry (accusative plural)
mamrem (instrumental singular)
mamrami (instrumental plural)
mamrze (locative singular)
mamrach (locative plural)
mamrze (singular vocative)
mamry (plural vocative)

From the name of the oldest Roman prison Mamertine Prison (Latin Carcer Mamertinus).

(colloquial, Warsaw) jail, prison (place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes)


elektrownia

elektrownia (nominative singular)
elektrownie (nominative plural)
elektrowni (genitive singular)
elektrowni (genitive plural)
elektrowni (dative singular)
elektrowniom (dative plural)
elektrownię (accusative singular)
elektrownie (accusative plural)
elektrownią (instrumental singular)
elektrowniami (instrumental plural)
elektrowni (locative singular)
elektrowniach (locative plural)
elektrownio (singular vocative)
elektrownie (plural vocative)

(electricity) power plant, power station


zakwaterowanie

zakwaterowanie (nominative singular)
zakwaterowania (nominative plural)
zakwaterowania (genitive singular)
zakwaterowań (genitive plural)
zakwaterowaniu (dative singular)
zakwaterowaniom (dative plural)
zakwaterowanie (accusative singular)
zakwaterowania (accusative plural)
zakwaterowaniem (instrumental singular)
zakwaterowaniami (instrumental plural)
zakwaterowaniu (locative singular)
zakwaterowaniach (locative plural)
zakwaterowanie (singular vocative)
zakwaterowania (plural vocative)


garderoba

garderoba (nominative singular)
garderoby (nominative plural)
garderoby (genitive singular)
garderób (genitive plural)
garderobie (dative singular)
garderobom (dative plural)
garderobę (accusative singular)
garderoby (accusative plural)
garderobą (instrumental singular)
garderobami (instrumental plural)
garderobie (locative singular)
garderobach (locative plural)
garderobo (singular vocative)
garderoby (plural vocative)

dressing room, walk-in closet, walk-in wardrobe (small room adjoining a domestic bedroom where people may dress or undress in privacy)


amfiteatr

amfiteatr (nominative singular)
amfiteatry (nominative plural)
amfiteatru (genitive singular)
amfiteatrów (genitive plural)
amfiteatrowi (dative singular)
amfiteatrom (dative plural)
amfiteatr (accusative singular)
amfiteatry (accusative plural)
amfiteatrem (instrumental singular)
amfiteatrami (instrumental plural)
amfiteatrze (locative singular)
amfiteatrach (locative plural)
amfiteatrze (singular vocative)
amfiteatry (plural vocative)
amfiteatrum (alternative)
emfiteatrum (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amphitheātrum, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιθέᾱτρον (amphithéātron). By surface analysis, amfi- + teatr. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “amfiteatrum”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(architecture, theater) amphitheatre, amphitheater


uniwersytet

pl-noun

uniwersytet m inan (related adjective uniwersytecki)

uniwersytecki (adjective)
uniwersytet (nominative singular)
uniwersytety (nominative plural)
uniwersytetu (genitive singular)
uniwersytetów (genitive plural)
uniwersytetowi (dative singular)
uniwersytetom (dative plural)
uniwersytet (accusative singular)
uniwersytety (accusative plural)
uniwersytetem (instrumental singular)
uniwersytetami (instrumental plural)
uniwersytecie (locative singular)
uniwersytetach (locative plural)
uniwersytecie (singular vocative)
uniwersytety (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Esperanto: universitato
→ Ido: universitato

Borrowed from German Universität, from Latin ūniversitās.


strug

strug (nominative singular)
strugi (nominative plural)
strugu (genitive singular)
strugów (genitive plural)
strugowi (dative singular)
strugom (dative plural)
strug (accusative singular)
strugi (accusative plural)
strugiem (instrumental singular)
strugami (instrumental plural)
strugu (locative singular)
strugach (locative plural)
strugu (singular vocative)
strugi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strugъ. By surface analysis, deverbal of strugać.

surf

(carpentry) plane (tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface)


magazyn

pl-noun

magazyn m inan (diminutive magazynek or magazynik)

magazynek (diminutive)
magazynik (diminutive)

magazyn zbożowy

warehouse (place for storing large amounts of products)

magazyn białka

depot, storehouse, warehouse (place of storage)

znaleźć magazyn

pile, stock, storage (large amount of something piled in one area)


magazyn

magazynek (diminutive)
magazynik (diminutive)
magazyn (nominative singular)
magazyny (nominative plural)
magazynu (genitive singular)
magazynów (genitive plural)
magazynowi (dative singular)
magazynom (dative plural)
magazyn (accusative singular)
magazyny (accusative plural)
magazynem (instrumental singular)
magazynami (instrumental plural)
magazynie (locative singular)
magazynach (locative plural)
magazynie (singular vocative)
magazyny (plural vocative)

magazyn naukowy

magazine (non-academic periodical publication, generally consisting of sheets of paper folded in half and stapled at the fold)

(firearms) magazine (device holding ammunition)


domek

domeczek (diminutive)
domek (nominative singular)
domki (nominative plural)
domku (genitive singular)
domków (genitive plural)
domkowi (dative singular)
domkom (dative plural)
domek (accusative singular)
domki (accusative plural)
domkiem (instrumental singular)
domkami (instrumental plural)
domku (locative singular)
domkach (locative plural)
domku (singular vocative)
domki (plural vocative)

cabin for animals which serves as a shelter or an eating place


gąsior

gąsiorek (diminutive)
gąsior (nominative singular)
gąsiory (nominative plural)
gąsioru (genitive singular)
gąsiorów (genitive plural)
gąsiorowi (dative singular)
gąsiorom (dative plural)
gąsior (accusative singular)
gąsiory (accusative plural)
gąsiorem (instrumental singular)
gąsiorami (instrumental plural)
gąsiorze (locative singular)
gąsiorach (locative plural)
gąsiorze (singular vocative)
gąsiory (plural vocative)
głęsiór (alternative)
gusiór (alternative)


attyka

attyka (nominative singular)
attyki (nominative plural)
attyki (genitive singular)
attyk (genitive plural)
attyce (dative singular)
attykom (dative plural)
attykę (accusative singular)
attyki (accusative plural)
attyką (instrumental singular)
attykami (instrumental plural)
attyce (locative singular)
attykach (locative plural)
attyko (singular vocative)
attyki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French attique, from Latin atticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀττικός (Attikós).

(architecture) attic (a story or low wall above the cornice of a classical façade)


wieżowiec

wieżowiec (nominative singular)
wieżowce (nominative plural)
wieżowca (genitive singular)
wieżowców (genitive plural)
wieżowcowi (dative singular)
wieżowcom (dative plural)
wieżowiec (accusative singular)
wieżowce (accusative plural)
wieżowcem (instrumental singular)
wieżowcami (instrumental plural)
wieżowcu (locative singular)
wieżowcach (locative plural)
wieżowcu (singular vocative)
wieżowce (plural vocative)


bramka

bramka (nominative singular)
bramki (nominative plural)
bramki (genitive singular)
bramek (genitive plural)
bramce (dative singular)
bramkom (dative plural)
bramkę (accusative singular)
bramki (accusative plural)
bramką (instrumental singular)
bramkami (instrumental plural)
bramce (locative singular)
bramkach (locative plural)
bramko (singular vocative)
bramki (plural vocative)


gniazdo

gniazdko (diminutive)
gniazdo (nominative singular)
gniazda (nominative plural)
gniazda (genitive singular)
gniazd (genitive plural)
gniazdu (dative singular)
gniazdom (dative plural)
gniazdo (accusative singular)
gniazda (accusative plural)
gniazdem (instrumental singular)
gniazdami (instrumental plural)
gnieździe (locative singular)
gniazdach (locative plural)
gniazdo (singular vocative)
gniazda (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gně̄zdò, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nísda, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.


budka

budka (nominative singular)
budki (nominative plural)
budki (genitive singular)
budek (genitive plural)
budce (dative singular)
budkom (dative plural)
budkę (accusative singular)
budki (accusative plural)
budką (instrumental singular)
budkami (instrumental plural)
budce (locative singular)
budkach (locative plural)
budko (singular vocative)
budki (plural vocative)

budka telefoniczna

booth, cabin (small stall for the display and sale of goods)

kiosk (enclosed structure where cigarettes, magazines, etc. are sold)

(historical) bonnet (type of women's and children's hat)


weranda

werandka (diminutive)
weranda (nominative singular)
werandy (nominative plural)
werandy (genitive singular)
werand (genitive plural)
werandzie (dative singular)
werandom (dative plural)
werandę (accusative singular)
werandy (accusative plural)
werandą (instrumental singular)
werandami (instrumental plural)
werandzie (locative singular)
werandach (locative plural)
werando (singular vocative)
werandy (plural vocative)


laboratorium

laboratorium (nominative singular)
laboratoria (nominative plural)
laboratorium (genitive singular)
laboratoriów (genitive plural)
laboratorium (dative singular)
laboratoriom (dative plural)
laboratorium (accusative singular)
laboratoria (accusative plural)
laboratorium (instrumental singular)
laboratoriami (instrumental plural)
laboratorium (locative singular)
laboratoriach (locative plural)
laboratorium (singular vocative)
laboratoria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin labōrātōrium.


spichlerz

pl-noun

spichlerz m inan (diminutive spichlerzyk)

spichlerzyk (diminutive)
spichlerz (nominative singular)
spichlerze (nominative plural)
spichlerza (genitive singular)
spichlerzów (genitive plural)
spichlerzy (genitive plural)
spichlerzowi (dative singular)
spichlerzom (dative plural)
spichlerz (accusative singular)
spichlerze (accusative plural)
spichlerzem (instrumental singular)
spichlerzami (instrumental plural)
spichlerzu (locative singular)
spichlerzach (locative plural)
spichlerzu (singular vocative)
spichlerze (plural vocative)
śpichlerz (alternative)
śpikrz (alternative)

→ Ukrainian: шпіхлі́р (špixlír)

Borrowed from Middle High German spīcher, from Old High German spīhhāri, from Proto-West Germanic *spīkārī, from Late Latin spīcārium, with an unexplained epenthetic “-l-”. Compare German Speicher. Doublet of spichrz.

bor+

(agriculture) granary (storage facility)

(figurative) breadbasket, food bowl, foodshed, granary (food-producing region)


telamon

telamon (nominative singular)
telamony (nominative plural)
telamonu (genitive singular)
telamonów (genitive plural)
telamonowi (dative singular)
telamonom (dative plural)
telamon (accusative singular)
telamony (accusative plural)
telamonem (instrumental singular)
telamonami (instrumental plural)
telamonie (locative singular)
telamonach (locative plural)
telamonie (singular vocative)
telamony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τελαμών (telamṓn).


chata

chatka (diminutive)
chata (nominative singular)
chaty (nominative plural)
chaty (genitive singular)
chat (genitive plural)
chacie (dative singular)
chatom (dative plural)
chatę (accusative singular)
chaty (accusative plural)
chatą (instrumental singular)
chatami (instrumental plural)
chacie (locative singular)
chatach (locative plural)
chato (singular vocative)
chaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian ха́та (xáta, “house; home”), from Proto-Slavic *xata, from Scythian.


kajuta

kajutka (diminutive)
kajuta (nominative singular)
kajuty (nominative plural)
kajuty (genitive singular)
kajut (genitive plural)
kajucie (dative singular)
kajutom (dative plural)
kajutę (accusative singular)
kajuty (accusative plural)
kajutą (instrumental singular)
kajutami (instrumental plural)
kajucie (locative singular)
kajutach (locative plural)
kajuto (singular vocative)
kajuty (plural vocative)


stajnia

stajenka (diminutive)
stajnia (nominative singular)
stajnie (nominative plural)
stajni (genitive singular)
stajni (genitive plural)
stajni (dative singular)
stajniom (dative plural)
stajnię (accusative singular)
stajnie (accusative plural)
stajnią (instrumental singular)
stajniami (instrumental plural)
stajni (locative singular)
stajniach (locative plural)
stajnio (singular vocative)
stajnie (plural vocative)
stajniá (alternative)

stable (building set apart and adapted for keeping horses)


zakrystia

zakrystyjka (diminutive)
zakrystia (nominative singular)
zakrystie (nominative plural)
zakrystii (genitive singular)
zakrystii (genitive plural)
zakrystyj (archaic genitive plural)
zakrystii (dative singular)
zakrystiom (dative plural)
zakrystię (accusative singular)
zakrystie (accusative plural)
zakrystią (instrumental singular)
zakrystiami (instrumental plural)
zakrystii (locative singular)
zakrystiach (locative plural)
zakrystio (singular vocative)
zakrystie (plural vocative)
zachrystia (alternative)

Borrowed from German Sakristei, from Latin sacristia.


kurnik

pl-noun

kurnik m inan (diminutive kurniczek, related adjective kurnikowy)

kurniczek (diminutive)
kurnikowy (adjective)
kurnik (nominative singular)
kurniki (nominative plural)
kurnika (genitive singular)
kurników (genitive plural)
kurnikowi (dative singular)
kurnikom (dative plural)
kurnik (accusative singular)
kurniki (accusative plural)
kurnikiem (instrumental singular)
kurnikami (instrumental plural)
kurniku (locative singular)
kurnikach (locative plural)
kurniku (singular vocative)
kurniki (plural vocative)

(countable) hencoop, henhouse (coop where hens are kept)

(uncountable, colloquial, derogatory) building or room that the speaker considers too small, too neglected, or lacking in appearance to be suitable for what it is supposed to be used for

(uncountable, colloquial, derogatory) chaotic place or situation that is poorly managed


główka

główeczka (diminutive)
główka (nominative singular)
główki (nominative plural)
główki (genitive singular)
główek (genitive plural)
główce (dative singular)
główkom (dative plural)
główkę (accusative singular)
główki (accusative plural)
główką (instrumental singular)
główkami (instrumental plural)
główce (locative singular)
główkach (locative plural)
główko (singular vocative)
główki (plural vocative)

(masonry) end; the smallest face of a brick


szyba

szyba f (diminutive szybka, related adjective szybowy)

szybka (diminutive)
szybowy (adjective)
szyba (nominative singular)
szyby (nominative plural)
szyby (genitive singular)
szyb (genitive plural)
szybie (dative singular)
szybom (dative plural)
szybę (accusative singular)
szyby (accusative plural)
szybą (instrumental singular)
szybami (instrumental plural)
szybie (locative singular)
szybach (locative plural)
szybo (singular vocative)
szyby (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: ши́ба (šýba)

Borrowed from German Scheibe. Doublet of skiba, szajba, and szyb.

(architecture) pane, windowpane, plate glass, flat glass, sheet glass (individual sheet of glass in a window, door, windshields, etc.)


okap

okap (nominative singular)
okapy (nominative plural)
okapu (genitive singular)
okapów (genitive plural)
okapowi (dative singular)
okapom (dative plural)
okap (accusative singular)
okapy (accusative plural)
okapem (instrumental singular)
okapami (instrumental plural)
okapie (locative singular)
okapach (locative plural)
okapie (singular vocative)
okapy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapъ, from Proto-Slavic *o(b)kapati.

(architecture, Far Masovian) slant for draining water from a roof

(architecture, Przemyśl) lower part of a thatch


oratorium

oratorium n (related adjective oratoryjny)

oratoryjny (adjective)
oratorium (nominative singular)
oratoria (nominative plural)
oratorium (genitive singular)
oratoriów (genitive plural)
oratorium (dative singular)
oratoriom (dative plural)
oratorium (accusative singular)
oratoria (accusative plural)
oratorium (instrumental singular)
oratoriami (instrumental plural)
oratorium (locative singular)
oratoriach (locative plural)
oratorium (singular vocative)
oratoria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin ōrātōrium.

lbor

(Roman Catholicism) oratory (Roman Catholic chapel; a building for public or private worship that is not a parish church)

(Roman Catholicism) oratory (meeting place for children and young people where they receive help and care, run by the Salesians of Don Bosco)


budowa

budowa (nominative singular)
budowy (nominative plural)
budowy (genitive singular)
budów (genitive plural)
budowie (dative singular)
budowom (dative plural)
budowę (accusative singular)
budowy (accusative plural)
budową (instrumental singular)
budowami (instrumental plural)
budowie (locative singular)
budowach (locative plural)
budowo (singular vocative)
budowy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: bùdowa

→ Silesian: budowa

Borrowed from Old Ruthenian будо́ва (budóva). First attested in the 18th century.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “budowa”, in Słownik języka polskiego

build (system of elements comprising a whole)

building, construction (act of developing something)

(obsolete) building, construction (that which is constructed)


pudło

pudło (nominative singular)
pudła (nominative plural)
pudła (genitive singular)
pudeł (genitive plural)
pudłu (dative singular)
pudłom (dative plural)
pudło (accusative singular)
pudła (accusative plural)
pudłem (instrumental singular)
pudłami (instrumental plural)
pudle (locative singular)
pudłach (locative plural)
pudło (singular vocative)
pudła (plural vocative)

miss in guessing (often an exclamation)
(colloquial) miss in shooting

miss in guessing (often an exclamation)
miss in shooting


blenda

blenda (nominative singular)
blendy (nominative plural)
blendy (genitive singular)
blend (genitive plural)
blendzie (dative singular)
blendom (dative plural)
blendę (accusative singular)
blendy (accusative plural)
blendą (instrumental singular)
blendami (instrumental plural)
blendzie (locative singular)
blendach (locative plural)
blendo (singular vocative)
blendy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Blende. First attested in 1782.

ostrołukowa blenda


łącznik

pl-noun

łącznik m pers (female equivalent łączniczka)

łączniczka (feminine)
łącznik (nominative singular)
łącznicy (nominative plural)
łączniki (derogatory nominative plural)
łącznika (genitive singular)
łączników (genitive plural)
łącznikowi (dative singular)
łącznikom (dative plural)
łącznika (accusative singular)
łączników (accusative plural)
łącznikiem (instrumental singular)
łącznikami (instrumental plural)
łączniku (locative singular)
łącznikach (locative plural)
łączniku (singular vocative)
łącznicy (plural vocative)


klatka

klatka f (diminutive klateczka, augmentative klata)

klateczka (diminutive)
klata (augmentative)
klatka (nominative singular)
klatki (nominative plural)
klatki (genitive singular)
klatek (genitive plural)
klatce (dative singular)
klatkom (dative plural)
klatkę (accusative singular)
klatki (accusative plural)
klatką (instrumental singular)
klatkami (instrumental plural)
klatce (locative singular)
klatkach (locative plural)
klatko (singular vocative)
klatki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *klětъka. Doublet of klitka (“cubbyhole”).


belka

belka f (diminutive beleczka, augmentative bela, related adjective belkowy)

beleczka (diminutive)
bela (augmentative)
belkowy (adjective)
belka (nominative singular)
belki (nominative plural)
belki (genitive singular)
belek (genitive plural)
belce (dative singular)
belkom (dative plural)
belkę (accusative singular)
belki (accusative plural)
belką (instrumental singular)
belkami (instrumental plural)
belce (locative singular)
belkach (locative plural)
belko (singular vocative)
belki (plural vocative)
bałk (alternative)
belk (alternative)
bełk (alternative)
bełka (alternative)
balk (alternative)
balka (alternative)
bałek (alternative)
bałka (alternative)
belek (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Proto-West Germanic *balkō
Old High German balko
Middle High German balkebor.
Old Polish balka
Polish belka
Inherited from Old Polish balka, with an unexpected shift of a > e first occurring in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian balka and Slovincian balka.

etymon

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(in the plural, obsolete, architecture) ceiling built on beams

(Middle Polish) construction element of a stringed instrument


kaptur

kapturek (diminutive)
kaptur (nominative singular)
kaptury (nominative plural)
kaptura (genitive singular)
kapturów (genitive plural)
kapturowi (dative singular)
kapturom (dative plural)
kaptur (accusative singular)
kaptury (accusative plural)
kapturem (instrumental singular)
kapturami (instrumental plural)
kapturze (locative singular)
kapturach (locative plural)
kapturze (singular vocative)
kaptury (plural vocative)

Uncertain, perhaps from Old East Slavic kap(ъ)turъ (kap(ŭ)turŭ), from Tatar kapturga, or from Lithuanian gobtuvas, from gobti.

(colloquial, historical) court of law during interregna in Poland which ruled on criminal offences


szopa

szopka (diminutive)
szopa (nominative singular)
szopy (nominative plural)
szopy (genitive singular)
szop (genitive plural)
szopie (dative singular)
szopom (dative plural)
szopę (accusative singular)
szopy (accusative plural)
szopą (instrumental singular)
szopami (instrumental plural)
szopie (locative singular)
szopach (locative plural)
szopo (singular vocative)
szopy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: шо́па (šópa)

→ Ukrainian: шо́па (šópa)

Borrowed from Middle High German schopf(e), from Proto-Germanic *skup-. Cognate with Slovak šopa, English shop.


ostrom

(Żywiec, construction) beam on which a ceiling beam rest


wystawa

wystawowy (adjective)
wystawa (nominative singular)
wystawy (nominative plural)
wystawy (genitive singular)
wystaw (genitive plural)
wystawie (dative singular)
wystawom (dative plural)
wystawę (accusative singular)
wystawy (accusative plural)
wystawą (instrumental singular)
wystawami (instrumental plural)
wystawie (locative singular)
wystawach (locative plural)
wystawo (singular vocative)
wystawy (plural vocative)

Deverbal of wystawić. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech výstava, Kashubian wëstawa, Silesian wystawa, and Ukrainian виста́ва (vystáva).

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wystawa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


internat

internat (nominative singular)
internaty (nominative plural)
internatu (genitive singular)
internatów (genitive plural)
internatowi (dative singular)
internatom (dative plural)
internat (accusative singular)
internaty (accusative plural)
internatem (instrumental singular)
internatami (instrumental plural)
internacie (locative singular)
internatach (locative plural)
internacie (singular vocative)
internaty (plural vocative)

(education) boarding house (housing for students at a boarding school)


próg

pl-noun

próg m inan (diminutive prożek, related adjective progowy)

prożek (diminutive)
progowy (adjective)
próg (nominative singular)
progi (nominative plural)
progu (genitive singular)
progów (genitive plural)
progowi (dative singular)
progom (dative plural)
próg (accusative singular)
progi (accusative plural)
progiem (instrumental singular)
progami (instrumental plural)
progu (locative singular)
progach (locative plural)
progu (singular vocative)
progi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porgъ. Doublet of poroh.

(architecture) threshold, doorstep, doorsill (outside step leading up to the door of a building, usually a home)

(architecture) threshold (entrance; the door or gate of a house)


dziennikarstwo

dziennikarstwo (nominative singular)
dziennikarstwa (genitive singular)
dziennikarstwu (dative singular)
dziennikarstwo (accusative singular)
dziennikarstwem (instrumental singular)
dziennikarstwie (locative singular)
dziennikarstwo (singular vocative)

(education, journalism) journalism school


drapacz chmur

drapacz chmur (nominative singular)
drapacze chmur (nominative plural)
drapacza chmur (genitive singular)
drapaczy chmur (genitive plural)
drapaczowi chmur (dative singular)
drapaczom chmur (dative plural)
drapacz chmur (accusative singular)
drapacze chmur (accusative plural)
drapaczem chmur (instrumental singular)
drapaczami chmur (instrumental plural)
drapaczu chmur (locative singular)
drapaczach chmur (locative plural)
drapaczu chmur (singular vocative)
drapacze chmur (plural vocative)

Literally, “skyscraper”. Calque of English skyscraper.

(colloquial, idiomatic) skyscraper (tall building)


rękaw

rękaw (nominative singular)
rękawy (nominative plural)
rękawa (genitive singular)
rękawów (genitive plural)
rękawowi (dative singular)
rękawom (dative plural)
rękaw (accusative singular)
rękawy (accusative plural)
rękawem (instrumental singular)
rękawami (instrumental plural)
rękawie (locative singular)
rękawach (locative plural)
rękawie (singular vocative)
rękawy (plural vocative)
rękow (alternative)


mieszkanie

mieszkanie n (diminutive mieszkanko, related adjective mieszkaniowy)

mieszkanko (diminutive)
mieszkaniowy (adjective)
mieszkanie (nominative singular)
mieszkania (nominative plural)
mieszkania (genitive singular)
mieszkań (genitive plural)
mieszkaniu (dative singular)
mieszkaniom (dative plural)
mieszkanie (accusative singular)
mieszkania (accusative plural)
mieszkaniem (instrumental singular)
mieszkaniami (instrumental plural)
mieszkaniu (locative singular)
mieszkaniach (locative plural)
mieszkanie (singular vocative)
mieszkania (plural vocative)
mięszkanie (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish mieszkanie. By surface analysis, mieszkać + -anie. Compare Kashubian mieszkanié.

Byłem w garderobie Teatru Małego, kiedy zadzwonił telefon. Wtedy przecież nie było telefonów komórkowych, a nikt nie znał mojego numeru... Ja wtedy mieszkałem... tak, wtedy mieszkałem już na Wawelskiej. Wynajmowałem tam mieszkanie, […]

2011, Artur Barciś, Marzanna Graff, Rozmowy bez retuszu, Wydawnictwo M, →ISBN, page 110:

I was in the wardrobe of the Small Theater when the phone rang. Back then, of course, there were so cell phones, and nobody knew my number... that I lived there... yes, back then I lived on Wawlska. I rented an apartment there, […]

(countable) apartment, flat (domicile occupying part of a building)

Mansio ‒ Mieſzkanię.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 635a:

(countable, Middle Polish) dwelling, abode; Further details are uncertain.


rozeta

rozetka (diminutive)
rozeta (nominative singular)
rozety (nominative plural)
rozety (genitive singular)
rozet (genitive plural)
rozecie (dative singular)
rozetom (dative plural)
rozetę (accusative singular)
rozety (accusative plural)
rozetą (instrumental singular)
rozetami (instrumental plural)
rozecie (locative singular)
rozetach (locative plural)
rozeto (singular vocative)
rozety (plural vocative)

(architecture) rosette (architectural ornament)


rondel

rondelek (diminutive)
rondel (nominative singular)
rondle (nominative plural)
rondla (genitive singular)
rondli (genitive plural)
rondlowi (dative singular)
rondlom (dative plural)
rondel (accusative singular)
rondle (accusative plural)
rondlem (instrumental singular)
rondlami (instrumental plural)
rondlu (locative singular)
rondlach (locative plural)
rondlu (singular vocative)
rondle (plural vocative)

(historical, military) barbican (tower at the entrance to a castle or fortified town)


sraczka

sraczka (nominative singular)
sraczki (nominative plural)
sraczki (genitive singular)
sraczek (genitive plural)
sraczce (dative singular)
sraczkom (dative plural)
sraczkę (accusative singular)
sraczki (accusative plural)
sraczką (instrumental singular)
sraczkami (instrumental plural)
sraczce (locative singular)
sraczkach (locative plural)
sraczko (singular vocative)
sraczki (plural vocative)


kostnica

kostnica (nominative singular)
kostnice (nominative plural)
kostnicy (genitive singular)
kostnic (genitive plural)
kostnicy (dative singular)
kostnicom (dative plural)
kostnicę (accusative singular)
kostnice (accusative plural)
kostnicą (instrumental singular)
kostnicami (instrumental plural)
kostnicy (locative singular)
kostnicach (locative plural)
kostnico (singular vocative)
kostnice (plural vocative)

ossuary (building for holding the bones of the dead)


stodoła

stodółka (diminutive)
stodoła (nominative singular)
stodoły (nominative plural)
stodoły (genitive singular)
stodół (genitive plural)
stodole (dative singular)
stodołom (dative plural)
stodołę (accusative singular)
stodoły (accusative plural)
stodołą (instrumental singular)
stodołami (instrumental plural)
stodole (locative singular)
stodołach (locative plural)
stodoło (singular vocative)
stodoły (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German stadel, related to German Stadel and Czech stodola.


beczka

beczka f (diminutive beczułka, augmentative beka, related adjective beczkowy)

beczułka (diminutive)
beka (augmentative)
beczkowy (adjective)
beczka (nominative singular)
beczki (nominative plural)
beczki (genitive singular)
beczek (genitive plural)
beczce (dative singular)
beczkom (dative plural)
beczkę (accusative singular)
beczki (accusative plural)
beczką (instrumental singular)
beczkami (instrumental plural)
beczce (locative singular)
beczkach (locative plural)
beczko (singular vocative)
beczki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βουττια (bouttia)bor.
Vulgar Latin *buttiabor.
Proto-West Germanic *buttjābor.
Proto-Slavic *bъči
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *bъčьka
Old Polish beczka
Polish beczka
Inherited from Old Polish beczka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English barrel roll, French tonneau, and German Fassrolle.

sl

(obsolete, architecture) barrel vault (simple roof having a curved, often semicircular cross section; used to span large distances in railway stations, churches, etc. Usually supported on columns)


bima

bima (nominative singular)
bimy (nominative plural)
bimy (genitive singular)
bim (genitive plural)
bimie (dative singular)
bimom (dative plural)
bimę (accusative singular)
bimy (accusative plural)
bimą (instrumental singular)
bimami (instrumental plural)
bimie (locative singular)
bimach (locative plural)
bimo (singular vocative)
bimy (plural vocative)


kaplica

kapliczka (diminutive)
kaplica (nominative singular)
kaplice (nominative plural)
kaplicy (genitive singular)
kaplic (genitive plural)
kaplicy (dative singular)
kaplicom (dative plural)
kaplicę (accusative singular)
kaplice (accusative plural)
kaplicą (instrumental singular)
kaplicami (instrumental plural)
kaplicy (locative singular)
kaplicach (locative plural)
kaplico (singular vocative)
kaplice (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech kaplicě, from Medieval Latin cappella. Doublet of kapela.

(Christianity) chapel (place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church)


muszla

pl-noun

muszla f (diminutive muszelka, related adjective muszlowy)

muszelka (diminutive)
muszlowy (adjective)
muszla (nominative singular)
muszle (nominative plural)
muszli (genitive singular)
muszli (genitive plural)
muszli (dative singular)
muszlom (dative plural)
muszlę (accusative singular)
muszle (accusative plural)
muszlą (instrumental singular)
muszlami (instrumental plural)
muszli (locative singular)
muszlach (locative plural)
muszlo (singular vocative)
muszle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Muschel. Doublet of mul and muskuł.

flush toilet, toilet bowl (toilet that uses water to flush urine and feces through a pipe to another location, typically a sewer main in urban settings or a septic tank elsewhere)


listwa

listwa f (diminutive listewka, related adjective listwowy)

listewka (diminutive)
listwowy (adjective)
listwa (nominative singular)
listwy (nominative plural)
listwy (genitive singular)
listew (genitive plural)
listw (genitive plural)
listwie (dative singular)
listwom (dative plural)
listwę (accusative singular)
listwy (accusative plural)
listwą (instrumental singular)
listwami (instrumental plural)
listwie (locative singular)
listwach (locative plural)
listwo (singular vocative)
listwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish listwa. Doublet of lista (“list”). Compare Silesian lajsta.

(construction) batten (thin strip of wood used in construction)


nawa

nawowy (adjective)
nawa (nominative singular)
nawy (nominative plural)
nawy (genitive singular)
naw (genitive plural)
nawie (dative singular)
nawom (dative plural)
nawę (accusative singular)
nawy (accusative plural)
nawą (instrumental singular)
nawami (instrumental plural)
nawie (locative singular)
nawach (locative plural)
nawo (singular vocative)
nawy (plural vocative)

(architecture) nave (the middle body of a church)


browar

browar (nominative singular)
browary (nominative plural)
browaru (genitive singular)
browarów (genitive plural)
browarowi (dative singular)
browarom (dative plural)
browar (accusative singular)
browary (accusative plural)
browarem (instrumental singular)
browarami (instrumental plural)
browarze (locative singular)
browarach (locative plural)
browarze (singular vocative)
browary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German broawer (“brewer”), from broawen (“to brew”).


polityczny

pl-noun

polityczny m pers (female equivalent polityczna)

polityczna (feminine)
polityczny (nominative singular)
polityczni (nominative plural)
politycznego (genitive singular)
politycznych (genitive plural)
politycznemu (dative singular)
politycznym (dative plural)
politycznego (accusative singular)
politycznych (accusative plural)
politycznym (instrumental singular)
politycznymi (instrumental plural)
politycznym (locative singular)
politycznych (locative plural)
polityczny (singular vocative)
polityczni (plural vocative)

(nominalized, colloquial, politics) political prisoner (person imprisoned for their political views or political activism)


drewniak

drewniak m animal (diminutive drewniaczek)

drewniaczek (diminutive)
drewniak (nominative singular)
drewniaki (nominative plural)
drewniaka (genitive singular)
drewniaków (genitive plural)
drewniakowi (dative singular)
drewniakom (dative plural)
drewniaka (accusative singular)
drewniaki (accusative plural)
drewniakiem (instrumental singular)
drewniakami (instrumental plural)
drewniaku (locative singular)
drewniakach (locative plural)
drewniaku (singular vocative)
drewniaki (plural vocative)

Bunocephalus coracoideus
Wikispecies:Bunocephalus coracoideus

guitarrito (species of banjo catfish, Bunocephalus coracoideus)


kominek

kominek m inan (diminutive komineczek, related adjective kominkowy)

komineczek (diminutive)
kominkowy (adjective)
kominek (nominative singular)
kominki (nominative plural)
kominka (genitive singular)
kominków (genitive plural)
kominkowi (dative singular)
kominkom (dative plural)
kominek (accusative singular)
kominki (accusative plural)
kominkiem (instrumental singular)
kominkami (instrumental plural)
kominku (locative singular)
kominkach (locative plural)
kominku (singular vocative)
kominki (plural vocative)

(architecture) fireplace, hearth (open or glass-covered hearth, located in the wall near the floor, usually in a decorative architectural frame, used primarily for indoor heating)


hełm

hełm m inan (diminutive hełmik, related adjective hełmowy)

hełmik (diminutive)
hełmowy (adjective)
hełm (nominative singular)
hełmy (nominative plural)
hełmu (genitive singular)
hełmów (genitive plural)
hełmowi (dative singular)
hełmom (dative plural)
hełm (accusative singular)
hełmy (accusative plural)
hełmem (instrumental singular)
hełmami (instrumental plural)
hełmie (locative singular)
hełmach (locative plural)
hełmie (singular vocative)
hełmy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish hełm. Doublet of szłom. Displaced szłom.

tented roof, pavilion roof (type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak)


jasyr

jasyr (nominative singular)
jasyru (genitive singular)
jasyrowi (dative singular)
jasyr (accusative singular)
jasyrem (instrumental singular)
jasyrze (locative singular)
jasyrze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ясы́рь (jasýrʹ), from Crimean Tatar esir or Turkish esir, from Arabic أَسِير (ʔasīr), from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr-.

(historical) captivity under the Cossacks


ossuarium

ossuarium (nominative singular)
ossuaria (nominative plural)
ossuarium (genitive singular)
ossuariów (genitive plural)
ossuarium (dative singular)
ossuariom (dative plural)
ossuarium (accusative singular)
ossuaria (accusative plural)
ossuarium (instrumental singular)
ossuariami (instrumental plural)
ossuarium (locative singular)
ossuariach (locative plural)
ossuarium (singular vocative)
ossuaria (plural vocative)

ossuary (container, receptacle, or building, such as an urn or vault, for holding the bones of the dead)


więzień

więzień m pers (female equivalent więźniarka)

więźniarka (feminine)
więzień (nominative singular)
więźniowie (nominative plural)
więźnia (genitive singular)
więźniów (genitive plural)
więźniowi (dative singular)
więźniom (dative plural)
więźnia (accusative singular)
więźniów (accusative plural)
więźniem (instrumental singular)
więźniami (instrumental plural)
więźniu (locative singular)
więźniach (locative plural)
więźniu (singular vocative)
więźniowie (plural vocative)

/ˈvjɛw̃.ʑɛɲ/


spiżarnia

spiżarnia (nominative singular)
spiżarnie (nominative plural)
spiżarni (genitive singular)
spiżarni (genitive plural)
spiżarń (genitive plural)
spiżarni (dative singular)
spiżarniom (dative plural)
spiżarnię (accusative singular)
spiżarnie (accusative plural)
spiżarnią (instrumental singular)
spiżarniami (instrumental plural)
spiżarni (locative singular)
spiżarniach (locative plural)
spiżarnio (singular vocative)
spiżarnie (plural vocative)

pantry, larder (place for storing uncooled food)


krajnik

krajnik (nominative singular)
krajniki (nominative plural)
krajnika (genitive singular)
krajników (genitive plural)
krajnikowi (dative singular)
krajnikom (dative plural)
krajnik (accusative singular)
krajniki (accusative plural)
krajnikiem (instrumental singular)
krajnikami (instrumental plural)
krajniku (locative singular)
krajnikach (locative plural)
krajniku (singular vocative)
krajniki (plural vocative)


filar

filar (nominative singular)
filary (nominative plural)
filaru (genitive singular)
filara (genitive singular)
filarów (genitive plural)
filarowi (dative singular)
filarom (dative plural)
filar (accusative singular)
filary (accusative plural)
filarem (instrumental singular)
filarami (instrumental plural)
filarze (locative singular)
filarach (locative plural)
filarze (singular vocative)
filary (plural vocative)

From Latin pilare, from pila (“column”).


bliźniak

bliźniak m inan (diminutive bliźniaczek)

bliźniaczek (diminutive)
bliźniak (nominative singular)
bliźniaki (nominative plural)
bliźniaka (genitive singular)
bliźniaków (genitive plural)
bliźniakowi (dative singular)
bliźniakom (dative plural)
bliźniak (accusative singular)
bliźniaki (accusative plural)
bliźniakiem (instrumental singular)
bliźniakami (instrumental plural)
bliźniaku (locative singular)
bliźniakach (locative plural)
bliźniaku (singular vocative)
bliźniaki (plural vocative)

From bliźni + -ak, or from Proto-Slavic *bliznьcь. Compare Serbo-Croatian blizanac, Russian близне́ц (bliznéc), Bulgarian близна́к (bliznák).

dom bliźniak

budowa bliźniaka

mieszkać w bliźniaku


podstawa

podstawa f (related adjective podstawowy)

podstawowy (adjective)
podstawa (nominative singular)
podstawy (nominative plural)
podstawy (genitive singular)
podstaw (genitive plural)
podstawie (dative singular)
podstawom (dative plural)
podstawę (accusative singular)
podstawy (accusative plural)
podstawą (instrumental singular)
podstawami (instrumental plural)
podstawie (locative singular)
podstawach (locative plural)
podstawo (singular vocative)
podstawy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish podstawa. By surface analysis, deverbal of podstawić. Compare Kashubian pòdstawa and Russian подста́ва (podstáva).

surf

(anatomy) base (lower part of a set of bones that make up a specific part of the skeleton)


agrafa

agrafka (diminutive)
agrafa (nominative singular)
agrafy (nominative plural)
agrafy (genitive singular)
agraf (genitive plural)
agrafie (dative singular)
agrafom (dative plural)
agrafę (accusative singular)
agrafy (accusative plural)
agrafą (instrumental singular)
agrafami (instrumental plural)
agrafie (locative singular)
agrafach (locative plural)
agrafo (singular vocative)
agrafy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French agrafe. First attested in 1807.


dormitorium

dormitorium (nominative singular)
dormitoria (nominative plural)
dormitorium (genitive singular)
dormitoriów (genitive plural)
dormitorium (dative singular)
dormitoriom (dative plural)
dormitorium (accusative singular)
dormitoria (accusative plural)
dormitorium (instrumental singular)
dormitoriami (instrumental plural)
dormitorium (locative singular)
dormitoriach (locative plural)
dormitorium (singular vocative)
dormitoria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dormītōrium.


chlew

chlew (nominative singular)
chlewy (nominative plural)
chlewa (genitive singular)
chlewu (genitive singular)
chlewów (genitive plural)
chlewowi (dative singular)
chlewom (dative plural)
chlew (accusative singular)
chlewy (accusative plural)
chlewem (instrumental singular)
chlewami (instrumental plural)
chlewie (locative singular)
chlewach (locative plural)
chlewie (singular vocative)
chlewy (plural vocative)
chliw (alternative)

(agriculture) pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept, either a building or part of one)

(colloquial) pigsty (messy or dirty place)


bitum

bitum (nominative singular)
bitumy (nominative plural)
bitumu (genitive singular)
bitumów (genitive plural)
bitumowi (dative singular)
bitumom (dative plural)
bitum (accusative singular)
bitumy (accusative plural)
bitumem (instrumental singular)
bitumami (instrumental plural)
bitumie (locative singular)
bitumach (locative plural)
bitumie (singular vocative)
bitumy (plural vocative)

Clipping of bitumin, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of beton.

pokryć bitumem


abaton

abaton (nominative singular)
abatony (nominative plural)
abatonu (genitive singular)
abatonów (genitive plural)
abatonowi (dative singular)
abatonom (dative plural)
abaton (accusative singular)
abatony (accusative plural)
abatonem (instrumental singular)
abatonami (instrumental plural)
abatonie (locative singular)
abatonach (locative plural)
abatonie (singular vocative)
abatony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβατον (ábaton).

Po zachodzie słońca udawali się do abatonu, gdzie następowała inkubacja,[…]

2014, Krzysztof Sobczak, “O rozumieniu śmierci w antyku greckim i rzymskim”, in Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo, number 20, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie, →ISSN, pages 479–502:

After sunset they made their way to the abaton, where incubation took place, […]

[…], gdzie dana aktywność się odbywała; mamy więc tutaj ocieranie się o ścianę w łaźni, korzystanie z huśtawek na górnym portyku i nacieranie się w abatonie.

2020, Aneta Liwerska, “Inskrypcja Apellasa jako źródło poznania charakteru opieki nad pacjentem w asklepiejonie epidauryjskim w II wne”, in Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym, volume 52, number 1, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN, pages 3–30:

[…], where the given activity took place; so we have here rubbing against the wall in the bathhouse, using the swings on the upper portico, and massing in the abaton.


plomba

plomba (nominative singular)
plomby (nominative plural)
plomby (genitive singular)
plomb (genitive plural)
plombie (dative singular)
plombom (dative plural)
plombę (accusative singular)
plomby (accusative plural)
plombą (instrumental singular)
plombami (instrumental plural)
plombie (locative singular)
plombach (locative plural)
plombo (singular vocative)
plomby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French plomb, from Middle French plom, from Old French, from Latin plumbum. Possibly a doublet of pion (“the vertical, plumb line, duct, section”).

doublet

– Projekt dopuszcza dobudowanie budynku do innego budynku odwróconego do niego ślepą ścianą, t[ak-]zw[anej] plomby – mówi Tomasz Żuchowski, wiceminister Infrastruktury i budownictwa.

2017 September 8, Renata Krupa-Dąbrowska, “Plombę łatwiej będzie wstawić”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-29:

"The project allows the construction of a building with a blind wall touching another building, a so-called filling," says Tomasz Żuchowski, deputy minister of infrastructure and construction.

(architecture) a building built between two preexisting buildings along a street, which fully fills the gap between them


dyskoteka

dyskoteka (nominative singular)
dyskoteki (nominative plural)
dyskoteki (genitive singular)
dyskotek (genitive plural)
dyskotece (dative singular)
dyskotekom (dative plural)
dyskotekę (accusative singular)
dyskoteki (accusative plural)
dyskoteką (instrumental singular)
dyskotekami (instrumental plural)
dyskotece (locative singular)
dyskotekach (locative plural)
dyskoteko (singular vocative)
dyskoteki (plural vocative)


altana

altanka (diminutive)
altana (nominative singular)
altany (nominative plural)
altany (genitive singular)
altan (genitive plural)
altanie (dative singular)
altanom (dative plural)
altanę (accusative singular)
altany (accusative plural)
altaną (instrumental singular)
altanami (instrumental plural)
altanie (locative singular)
altanach (locative plural)
altano (singular vocative)
altany (plural vocative)
altanna (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian altana. First attested in the second half of the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “altana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(Middle Polish) mudroom, porch (annex to a house covered with a roof on poles connected by a balustrade or handrail)


biegunka

biegunka (nominative singular)
biegunki (nominative plural)
biegunki (genitive singular)
biegunek (genitive plural)
biegunce (dative singular)
biegunkom (dative plural)
biegunkę (accusative singular)
biegunki (accusative plural)
biegunką (instrumental singular)
biegunkami (instrumental plural)
biegunce (locative singular)
biegunkach (locative plural)
biegunko (singular vocative)
biegunki (plural vocative)

From biegun + -ka. Compare English the runs.

krwawa biegunka

długotrwała biegunka

gwałtowna biegunka

łagodna biegunka

ostra biegunka

biegunka bakteryjna

biegunka krwotoczna

biegunka męczy kogoś

dostać biegunki

zapobiegać biegunce

mieć biegunkę

powodować/wywoływać biegunkę

chorować na biegunkę

cierpieć na biegunkę


ossarium

ossarium (nominative singular)
ossaria (nominative plural)
ossarium (genitive singular)
ossariów (genitive plural)
ossarium (dative singular)
ossariom (dative plural)
ossarium (accusative singular)
ossaria (accusative plural)
ossarium (instrumental singular)
ossariami (instrumental plural)
ossarium (locative singular)
ossariach (locative plural)
ossarium (singular vocative)
ossaria (plural vocative)


lombard

pl-noun

lombard m inan (related adjective lombardowy)

lombardowy (adjective)
lombard (nominative singular)
lombardy (nominative plural)
lombardu (genitive singular)
lombardów (genitive plural)
lombardowi (dative singular)
lombardom (dative plural)
lombard (accusative singular)
lombardy (accusative plural)
lombardem (instrumental singular)
lombardami (instrumental plural)
lombardzie (locative singular)
lombardach (locative plural)
lombardzie (singular vocative)
lombardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Lombard. Compare Russian ломба́рд (lombárd) and Ukrainian ломба́рд (lombárd).

pawnshop, pawnbrokery, pawnbrokerage, hockshop, Lombard house (business premises of a pawnbroker; where loans are made, with personal property as security)


glazura

glazura (nominative singular)
glazury (genitive singular)
glazurze (dative singular)
glazurę (accusative singular)
glazurą (instrumental singular)
glazurze (locative singular)
glazuro (singular vocative)

glaze (applied to either pottery or an edible layer applied to cooked goods)


sex-shop

sex-shop (nominative singular)
sex-shopy (nominative plural)
sex-shopu (genitive singular)
sex-shopów (genitive plural)
sex-shopowi (dative singular)
sex-shopom (dative plural)
sex-shop (accusative singular)
sex-shopy (accusative plural)
sex-shopem (instrumental singular)
sex-shopami (instrumental plural)
sex-shopie (locative singular)
sex-shopach (locative plural)
sex-shopie (singular vocative)
sex-shopy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sex-shop.


odwodnienie

odwodnienie (nominative singular)
odwodnienia (nominative plural)
odwodnienia (genitive singular)
odwodnień (genitive plural)
odwodnieniu (dative singular)
odwodnieniom (dative plural)
odwodnienie (accusative singular)
odwodnienia (accusative plural)
odwodnieniem (instrumental singular)
odwodnieniami (instrumental plural)
odwodnieniu (locative singular)
odwodnieniach (locative plural)
odwodnienie (singular vocative)
odwodnienia (plural vocative)

/ɔd.vɔdˈɲɛ.ɲɛ/

drainage, sewerage; system of draining rainwater from a structure


kozioł

kozioł (nominative singular)
kozły (nominative plural)
kozła (genitive singular)
kozłów (genitive plural)
kozłowi (dative singular)
kozłom (dative plural)
kozioł (accusative singular)
kozły (accusative plural)
kozłem (instrumental singular)
kozłami (instrumental plural)
koźle (locative singular)
kozłach (locative plural)
koźle (singular vocative)
kozły (plural vocative)
kozieł (alternative)
koziół (alternative)

→ Russian: ко́злы pl (kózly)

Inherited from Old Polish kozieł, from Proto-Slavic *kozьlъ. By surface analysis, koza + -oł. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Bock.

semantic loan

(in the plural, Kuyavia, construction) rafter


latarnia

latarenka (diminutive)
latarnia (nominative singular)
latarnie (nominative plural)
latarni (genitive singular)
latarni (genitive plural)
latarń (genitive plural)
latarni (dative singular)
latarniom (dative plural)
latarnię (accusative singular)
latarnie (accusative plural)
latarnią (instrumental singular)
latarniami (instrumental plural)
latarni (locative singular)
latarniach (locative plural)
latarnio (singular vocative)
latarnie (plural vocative)

From earlier laterna, from Middle High German latërne, from Late Latin lāterna, from Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr).


ubikacja

ubikacja (nominative singular)
ubikacje (nominative plural)
ubikacji (genitive singular)
ubikacji (genitive plural)
ubikacyj (archaic genitive plural)
ubikacji (dative singular)
ubikacjom (dative plural)
ubikację (accusative singular)
ubikacje (accusative plural)
ubikacją (instrumental singular)
ubikacjami (instrumental plural)
ubikacji (locative singular)
ubikacjach (locative plural)
ubikacjo (singular vocative)
ubikacje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Ubikation, from Spanish ubicación, from ubicar.


przelew

przelew (nominative singular)
przelewy (nominative plural)
przelewu (genitive singular)
przelewów (genitive plural)
przelewowi (dative singular)
przelewom (dative plural)
przelew (accusative singular)
przelewy (accusative plural)
przelewem (instrumental singular)
przelewami (instrumental plural)
przelewie (locative singular)
przelewach (locative plural)
przelewie (singular vocative)
przelewy (plural vocative)


koliba

koliba (nominative singular)
koliby (nominative plural)
koliby (genitive singular)
kolib (genitive plural)
kolibie (dative singular)
kolibom (dative plural)
kolibę (accusative singular)
koliby (accusative plural)
kolibą (instrumental singular)
kolibami (instrumental plural)
kolibie (locative singular)
kolibach (locative plural)
kolibo (singular vocative)
koliby (plural vocative)


elektryk

elektryk (nominative singular)
elektryki (nominative plural)
elektryka (genitive singular)
elektryków (genitive plural)
elektrykowi (dative singular)
elektrykom (dative plural)
elektryk (accusative singular)
elektryki (accusative plural)
elektrykiem (instrumental singular)
elektrykami (instrumental plural)
elektryku (locative singular)
elektrykach (locative plural)
elektryku (singular vocative)
elektryki (plural vocative)

(colloquial, education) electrical technical school (secondary school with an electrical profile)


klozet

klozet (nominative singular)
klozety (nominative plural)
klozetu (genitive singular)
klozetów (genitive plural)
klozetowi (dative singular)
klozetom (dative plural)
klozet (accusative singular)
klozety (accusative plural)
klozetem (instrumental singular)
klozetami (instrumental plural)
klozecie (locative singular)
klozetach (locative plural)
klozecie (singular vocative)
klozety (plural vocative)


brosza

broszka (diminutive)
brosza (nominative singular)
brosze (nominative plural)
broszy (genitive singular)
brosz (genitive plural)
broszy (dative singular)
broszom (dative plural)
broszę (accusative singular)
brosze (accusative plural)
broszą (instrumental singular)
broszami (instrumental plural)
broszy (locative singular)
broszach (locative plural)
broszo (singular vocative)
brosze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French broche, from Old French broche, from Vulgar Latin *brocca, from either Ancient Greek πρόχοος (prókhoos) or βροχίς (brokhís), with influence from broccus.

(architecture) boss (knob or protrusion)


arcosolium

arcosolium (nominative singular)
arcosolia (nominative plural)
arcosolium (genitive singular)
arcosoliów (genitive plural)
arcosolium (dative singular)
arcosoliom (dative plural)
arcosolium (accusative singular)
arcosolia (accusative plural)
arcosolium (instrumental singular)
arcosoliami (instrumental plural)
arcosolium (locative singular)
arcosoliach (locative plural)
arcosolium (singular vocative)
arcosolia (plural vocative)


mostek

mostek (nominative singular)
mostki (nominative plural)
mostka (genitive singular)
mostków (genitive plural)
mostkowi (dative singular)
mostkom (dative plural)
mostek (accusative singular)
mostki (accusative plural)
mostkiem (instrumental singular)
mostkami (instrumental plural)
mostku (locative singular)
mostkach (locative plural)
mostku (singular vocative)
mostki (plural vocative)


areszt

areszt (nominative singular)
areszty (nominative plural)
aresztu (genitive singular)
aresztów (genitive plural)
aresztowi (dative singular)
aresztom (dative plural)
areszt (accusative singular)
areszty (accusative plural)
aresztem (instrumental singular)
aresztami (instrumental plural)
areszcie (locative singular)
aresztach (locative plural)
areszcie (singular vocative)
areszty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: арышт (aryšt)

→ Ukrainian: арешт (arešt)

Borrowed from Italian arresto or arrestare, from French arrêt, from Latin restare. Compare Slovincian arest.

holding cell (place where the arrest is carried out)


pisuar

pisuar (nominative singular)
pisuary (nominative plural)
pisuaru (genitive singular)
pisuarów (genitive plural)
pisuarowi (dative singular)
pisuarom (dative plural)
pisuar (accusative singular)
pisuary (accusative plural)
pisuarem (instrumental singular)
pisuarami (instrumental plural)
pisuarze (locative singular)
pisuarach (locative plural)
pisuarze (singular vocative)
pisuary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pissoir. The political sense comes from a blend with PiS.


furta

furtka (diminutive)
furta (nominative singular)
furty (nominative plural)
furty (genitive singular)
furt (genitive plural)
furcie (dative singular)
furtom (dative plural)
furtę (accusative singular)
furty (accusative plural)
furtą (instrumental singular)
furtami (instrumental plural)
furcie (locative singular)
furtach (locative plural)
furto (singular vocative)
furty (plural vocative)
forta (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish forta, from Middle High German pforte, from Old High German pforta, from Latin porta, from Proto-Italic *portā, from Proto-Indo-European *por-teh₂, from the root *per- (“to go through”).

wicket gate (small door or gate, especially one built into a large one)


milicja

milicyjny (adjective)
milicja (nominative singular)
milicje (nominative plural)
milicji (genitive singular)
milicji (genitive plural)
milicyj (archaic genitive plural)
milicji (dative singular)
milicjom (dative plural)
milicję (accusative singular)
milicje (accusative plural)
milicją (instrumental singular)
milicjami (instrumental plural)
milicji (locative singular)
milicjach (locative plural)
milicjo (singular vocative)
milicje (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: мили́ция (milícija)
→ Armenian: միլիցիա (milicʻia)
→ Azerbaijani: milis
→ English: militsia
→ Estonian: miilits
→ Georgian: მილიცია (milicia)
→ Kildin Sami: милиция (milicija)
→ Romanian: miliție
→ Uzbek: militsiya

(dated, military) militia (army of trained civilians, which may be an official reserve army, called upon in time of need, the entire able-bodied population of a state which may also be called upon, or a private force not under government control)


poczekalnia

poczekalnia (nominative singular)
poczekalnie (nominative plural)
poczekalni (genitive singular)
poczekalni (genitive plural)
poczekalni (dative singular)
poczekalniom (dative plural)
poczekalnię (accusative singular)
poczekalnie (accusative plural)
poczekalnią (instrumental singular)
poczekalniami (instrumental plural)
poczekalni (locative singular)
poczekalniach (locative plural)
poczekalnio (singular vocative)
poczekalnie (plural vocative)


bant

bant (nominative singular)
banty (nominative plural)
bantu (genitive singular)
bantów (genitive plural)
bantowi (dative singular)
bantom (dative plural)
bant (accusative singular)
banty (accusative plural)
bantem (instrumental singular)
bantami (instrumental plural)
bancie (locative singular)
bantach (locative plural)
bancie (singular vocative)
banty (plural vocative)
banta (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish bant. Doublet of bandy.


gargulec

gargulec (nominative singular)
gargulce (nominative plural)
gargulca (genitive singular)
gargulców (genitive plural)
gargulcowi (dative singular)
gargulcom (dative plural)
gargulec (accusative singular)
gargulce (accusative plural)
gargulcem (instrumental singular)
gargulcami (instrumental plural)
gargulcu (locative singular)
gargulcach (locative plural)
gargulcu (singular vocative)
gargulce (plural vocative)


rzygacz

rzygacz (nominative singular)
rzygacze (nominative plural)
rzygacza (genitive singular)
rzygaczy (genitive plural)
rzygaczów (genitive plural)
rzygaczowi (dative singular)
rzygaczom (dative plural)
rzygacz (accusative singular)
rzygacze (accusative plural)
rzygaczem (instrumental singular)
rzygaczami (instrumental plural)
rzygaczu (locative singular)
rzygaczach (locative plural)
rzygaczu (singular vocative)
rzygacze (plural vocative)


fasada

fasadowy (adjective)
fasada (nominative singular)
fasady (nominative plural)
fasady (genitive singular)
fasad (genitive plural)
fasadzie (dative singular)
fasadom (dative plural)
fasadę (accusative singular)
fasady (accusative plural)
fasadą (instrumental singular)
fasadami (instrumental plural)
fasadzie (locative singular)
fasadach (locative plural)
fasado (singular vocative)
fasady (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French façade. Doublet of facjata.

(architecture) facade (face of a building, especially the front view or elevation)


jurta

jurta (nominative singular)
jurty (nominative plural)
jurty (genitive singular)
jurt (genitive plural)
jurcie (dative singular)
jurtom (dative plural)
jurtę (accusative singular)
jurty (accusative plural)
jurtą (instrumental singular)
jurtami (instrumental plural)
jurcie (locative singular)
jurtach (locative plural)
jurto (singular vocative)
jurty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian ю́рта (júrta), from a Turkic language, from Proto-Turkic *yūrt.


senat

pl-noun

senat m inan (related adjective senacki)

senacki (adjective)
senat (nominative singular)
senaty (nominative plural)
senatu (genitive singular)
senatów (genitive plural)
senatowi (dative singular)
senatom (dative plural)
senat (accusative singular)
senaty (accusative plural)
senatem (instrumental singular)
senatami (instrumental plural)
senacie (locative singular)
senatach (locative plural)
senacie (singular vocative)
senaty (plural vocative)

(government) senate (local parliament in each of the states of the United States of America)


biblioteczka

biblioteczka (nominative singular)
biblioteczki (nominative plural)
biblioteczki (genitive singular)
biblioteczek (genitive plural)
biblioteczce (dative singular)
biblioteczkom (dative plural)
biblioteczkę (accusative singular)
biblioteczki (accusative plural)
biblioteczką (instrumental singular)
biblioteczkami (instrumental plural)
biblioteczce (locative singular)
biblioteczkach (locative plural)
biblioteczko (singular vocative)
biblioteczki (plural vocative)

bookery, library (collection of books or manuscripts)


stołówka

stołówka (nominative singular)
stołówki (nominative plural)
stołówki (genitive singular)
stołówek (genitive plural)
stołówce (dative singular)
stołówkom (dative plural)
stołówkę (accusative singular)
stołówki (accusative plural)
stołówką (instrumental singular)
stołówkami (instrumental plural)
stołówce (locative singular)
stołówkach (locative plural)
stołówko (singular vocative)
stołówki (plural vocative)


sklejka

sklejkowy (adjective)
sklejka (nominative singular)
sklejki (nominative plural)
sklejki (genitive singular)
sklejek (genitive plural)
sklejce (dative singular)
sklejkom (dative plural)
sklejkę (accusative singular)
sklejki (accusative plural)
sklejką (instrumental singular)
sklejkami (instrumental plural)
sklejce (locative singular)
sklejkach (locative plural)
sklejko (singular vocative)
sklejki (plural vocative)

plywood (construction material supplied in sheets, and made of three or more layers of wood veneer glued together, laid up with alternating layers having their grain perpendicular to each other)


żelbet

żelbet (nominative singular)
żelbetu (genitive singular)
żelbetowi (dative singular)
żelbet (accusative singular)
żelbetem (instrumental singular)
żelbecie (locative singular)
żelbecie (singular vocative)


szop

szop m animal (related adjective szopowy)

szopowy (adjective)
szop (nominative singular)
szopy (nominative plural)
szopa (genitive singular)
szopów (genitive plural)
szopowi (dative singular)
szopom (dative plural)
szopa (accusative singular)
szopy (accusative plural)
szopem (instrumental singular)
szopami (instrumental plural)
szopie (locative singular)
szopach (locative plural)
szopie (singular vocative)
szopy (plural vocative)

raccoon (any mammal of the genus Procyon)


apartament

apartament m inan (diminutive apartamencik)

apartamencik (diminutive)
apartament (nominative singular)
apartamenty (nominative plural)
apartamentu (genitive singular)
apartamentów (genitive plural)
apartamentowi (dative singular)
apartamentom (dative plural)
apartament (accusative singular)
apartamenty (accusative plural)
apartamentem (instrumental singular)
apartamentami (instrumental plural)
apartamencie (locative singular)
apartamentach (locative plural)
apartamencie (singular vocative)
apartamenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French appartement, from Italian appartamento, from Spanish apartamiento (“separation, seclusion”).


rzeźnia

rzeźnia (nominative singular)
rzeźnie (nominative plural)
rzeźni (genitive singular)
rzeźni (genitive plural)
rzeźń (genitive plural)
rzeźni (dative singular)
rzeźniom (dative plural)
rzeźnię (accusative singular)
rzeźnie (accusative plural)
rzeźnią (instrumental singular)
rzeźniami (instrumental plural)
rzeźni (locative singular)
rzeźniach (locative plural)
rzeźnio (singular vocative)
rzeźnie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rězьňà. By surface analysis, rzezać + -nia.

(figuratively) slaughterhouse (scene of a massacre)


biegun

pl-noun

biegun m inan (related adjective biegunowy)

biegunowy (adjective)
biegun (nominative singular)
bieguny (nominative plural)
bieguna (genitive singular)
biegunów (genitive plural)
biegunowi (dative singular)
biegunom (dative plural)
biegun (accusative singular)
bieguny (accusative plural)
biegunem (instrumental singular)
biegunami (instrumental plural)
biegunie (locative singular)
biegunach (locative plural)
biegunie (singular vocative)
bieguny (plural vocative)
biegan (alternative)
biegon (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish biegun. By surface analysis, bieg + -un. Sense 1, sense 2 and sense 3 are semantic loans from Greek πόλος (pólos). Doublet of Bihun.

sl

(obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl, architecture) peg (that which a door or gate, etc., swings)


kibel

kibelek (diminutive)
kibel (nominative singular)
kible (nominative plural)
kibla (genitive singular)
kibli (genitive plural)
kiblowi (dative singular)
kiblom (dative plural)
kibel (accusative singular)
kible (accusative plural)
kiblem (instrumental singular)
kiblami (instrumental plural)
kiblu (locative singular)
kiblach (locative plural)
kiblu (singular vocative)
kible (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kübel, from Old High German kubilo, from Latin cūpula. Doublet of kubeł (“bucket”) and kopuła.

(colloquial) bog, john, can, lavatory, toilet


pirs

pirs (nominative singular)
pirsy (nominative plural)
pirsu (genitive singular)
pirsów (genitive plural)
pirsowi (dative singular)
pirsom (dative plural)
pirs (accusative singular)
pirsy (accusative plural)
pirsem (instrumental singular)
pirsami (instrumental plural)
pirsie (locative singular)
pirsach (locative plural)
pirsie (singular vocative)
pirsy (plural vocative)


arabeska

pl-noun

arabeska f (related adjective arabeskowy)

arabeskowy (adjective)
arabeska (nominative singular)
arabeski (nominative plural)
arabeski (genitive singular)
arabesek (genitive plural)
arabesce (dative singular)
arabeskom (dative plural)
arabeskę (accusative singular)
arabeski (accusative plural)
arabeską (instrumental singular)
arabeskami (instrumental plural)
arabesce (locative singular)
arabeskach (locative plural)
arabesko (singular vocative)
arabeski (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French arabesque, from Italian arabesco.

(architecture, art) arabesque (ornamental design used in Islamic Art)


monolit

monolit (nominative singular)
monolity (nominative plural)
monolitu (genitive singular)
monolitów (genitive plural)
monolitowi (dative singular)
monolitom (dative plural)
monolit (accusative singular)
monolity (accusative plural)
monolitem (instrumental singular)
monolitami (instrumental plural)
monolicie (locative singular)
monolitach (locative plural)
monolicie (singular vocative)
monolity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French monolithe, from Middle French monolythe, from Latin monolithus, from Ancient Greek μονόλιθος (monólithos).

(construction) monolith (large, single block of stone)


skarpa

skarpa (nominative singular)
skarpy (nominative plural)
skarpy (genitive singular)
skarp (genitive plural)
skarpie (dative singular)
skarpom (dative plural)
skarpę (accusative singular)
skarpy (accusative plural)
skarpą (instrumental singular)
skarpami (instrumental plural)
skarpie (locative singular)
skarpach (locative plural)
skarpo (singular vocative)
skarpy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian scarpa, from Gothic skarpo, from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz.

(geotechnics) scarp (steep wall of soil, formed naturally or artificially)


rudera

ruderka (diminutive)
rudera (nominative singular)
rudery (nominative plural)
rudery (genitive singular)
ruder (genitive plural)
ruderze (dative singular)
ruderom (dative plural)
ruderę (accusative singular)
rudery (accusative plural)
ruderą (instrumental singular)
ruderami (instrumental plural)
ruderze (locative singular)
ruderach (locative plural)
rudero (singular vocative)
rudery (plural vocative)


iniekcja

iniekcja f (related adjective iniekcyjny)

iniekcyjny (adjective)
iniekcja (nominative singular)
iniekcje (nominative plural)
iniekcji (genitive singular)
iniekcji (genitive plural)
iniekcyj (archaic genitive plural)
iniekcji (dative singular)
iniekcjom (dative plural)
iniekcję (accusative singular)
iniekcje (accusative plural)
iniekcją (instrumental singular)
iniekcjami (instrumental plural)
iniekcji (locative singular)
iniekcjach (locative plural)
iniekcjo (singular vocative)
iniekcje (plural vocative)

(construction) injection (introduction of a specific substance into an object in order to strengthen it)


stocznia

stocznia (nominative singular)
stocznie (nominative plural)
stoczni (genitive singular)
stoczni (genitive plural)
stoczni (dative singular)
stoczniom (dative plural)
stocznię (accusative singular)
stocznie (accusative plural)
stocznią (instrumental singular)
stoczniami (instrumental plural)
stoczni (locative singular)
stoczniach (locative plural)
stocznio (singular vocative)
stocznie (plural vocative)

Formed in the twentieth century from stoczyć (“to roll, to turn”) + -nia, since that is a main activity on shipyards.


Senat

pl-prop

Senat m inan (related adjective senacki)

senacki (adjective)
Senat (nominative singular)
Senatu (genitive singular)
Senatowi (dative singular)
Senat (accusative singular)
Senatem (instrumental singular)
Senacie (locative singular)
Senacie (singular vocative)

(Ancient Rome, government, historical) Roman Senate (the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy)