van

van (nominative singular)
vany (nominative plural)
vana (genitive singular)
vanów (genitive plural)
vanowi (dative singular)
vanom (dative plural)
van (accusative singular)
vany (accusative plural)
vanem (instrumental singular)
vanami (instrumental plural)
vanie (locative singular)
vanach (locative plural)
vanie (singular vocative)
vany (plural vocative)

van (covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus)


jacht

jacht (nominative singular)
jachty (nominative plural)
jachtu (genitive singular)
jachtów (genitive plural)
jachtowi (dative singular)
jachtom (dative plural)
jacht (accusative singular)
jachty (accusative plural)
jachtem (instrumental singular)
jachtami (instrumental plural)
jachcie (locative singular)
jachtach (locative plural)
jachcie (singular vocative)
jachty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch jacht, from jachtschip (“chase ship”), from jacht (“hunt”) + schip.


diesel

diesel (nominative singular)
diesle (nominative plural)
diesla (genitive singular)
diesli (genitive plural)
dieslowi (dative singular)
dieslom (dative plural)
diesel (accusative singular)
diesle (accusative plural)
dieslem (instrumental singular)
dieslami (instrumental plural)
dieslu (locative singular)
dieslach (locative plural)
dieslu (singular vocative)
diesle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Diesel, named after German inventor Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913).


łyżeczka

łyżeczka (nominative singular)
łyżeczki (nominative plural)
łyżeczki (genitive singular)
łyżeczek (genitive plural)
łyżeczce (dative singular)
łyżeczkom (dative plural)
łyżeczkę (accusative singular)
łyżeczki (accusative plural)
łyżeczką (instrumental singular)
łyżeczkami (instrumental plural)
łyżeczce (locative singular)
łyżeczkach (locative plural)
łyżeczko (singular vocative)
łyżeczki (plural vocative)


drukarka

drukarka (nominative singular)
drukarki (nominative plural)
drukarki (genitive singular)
drukarek (genitive plural)
drukarce (dative singular)
drukarkom (dative plural)
drukarkę (accusative singular)
drukarki (accusative plural)
drukarką (instrumental singular)
drukarkami (instrumental plural)
drukarce (locative singular)
drukarkach (locative plural)
drukarko (singular vocative)
drukarki (plural vocative)


cebula

pl-noun

cebula f (diminutive cebulka, related adjective cebulowy)

cebulka (diminutive)
cebulowy (adjective)
cebula (nominative singular)
cebule (nominative plural)
cebuli (genitive singular)
cebul (genitive plural)
cebuli (genitive plural)
cebuli (dative singular)
cebulom (dative plural)
cebulę (accusative singular)
cebule (accusative plural)
cebulą (instrumental singular)
cebulami (instrumental plural)
cebuli (locative singular)
cebulach (locative plural)
cebulo (singular vocative)
cebule (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja), цебу́лꙗ (cebúlja), цибу́лꙗ (cibúlja)
Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)
Carpathian Rusyn: цибу́ля (cybúlja)
Ukrainian: цибу́ля (cybúlja); цебу́ля (cebúlja) (dialectal)
→ Russian: цибу́ля (cibúlja) (dialectal)

Inherited from Old Polish cebula, from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla, from Latin cēpa.

der

(colloquial) turnip (old-fashioned pocket watch)


łyżka

pl-noun

łyżka f (diminutive łyżeczka, augmentative łycha)

łyżeczka (diminutive)
łycha (augmentative)
łyżka (nominative singular)
łyżki (nominative plural)
łyżki (genitive singular)
łyżek (genitive plural)
łyżce (dative singular)
łyżkom (dative plural)
łyżkę (accusative singular)
łyżki (accusative plural)
łyżką (instrumental singular)
łyżkami (instrumental plural)
łyżce (locative singular)
łyżkach (locative plural)
łyżko (singular vocative)
łyżki (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish) device for cleaning one's ear


kara

kara (nominative singular)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
kar (genitive plural)
karze (dative singular)
karom (dative plural)
karę (accusative singular)
kary (accusative plural)
karą (instrumental singular)
karami (instrumental plural)
karze (locative singular)
karach (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
kary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1, kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.
Sense #3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).


bat

bat (nominative singular)
baty (nominative plural)
batu (genitive singular)
batów (genitive plural)
batowi (dative singular)
batom (dative plural)
bat (accusative singular)
baty (accusative plural)
batem (instrumental singular)
batami (instrumental plural)
bacie (locative singular)
batach (locative plural)
bacie (singular vocative)
baty (plural vocative)

Either borrowed from Swedish bat or Italian batto.


klin

klin (nominative singular)
kliny (nominative plural)
klina (genitive singular)
klinów (genitive plural)
klinowi (dative singular)
klinom (dative plural)
klin (accusative singular)
kliny (accusative plural)
klinem (instrumental singular)
klinami (instrumental plural)
klinie (locative singular)
klinach (locative plural)
klinie (singular vocative)
kliny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish klin, from Proto-Slavic *klinъ.

(colloquial) a shot of alcohol drunk to overcome a hangover, hair of the dog


jaguar

jaguar (nominative singular)
jaguary (nominative plural)
jaguara (genitive singular)
jaguarów (genitive plural)
jaguarowi (dative singular)
jaguarom (dative plural)
jaguara (accusative singular)
jaguary (accusative plural)
jaguarem (instrumental singular)
jaguarami (instrumental plural)
jaguarze (locative singular)
jaguarach (locative plural)
jaguarze (singular vocative)
jaguary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Jaguar. Genericized trademark.


TV

television (electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound)

television (institution engaged in the preparation and transmission of television programs)

television, television set (electronic device that receives television signals and displays the resulting images on a screen)


TV

(relational, postpositive) televisual; television (electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound)

(relational, postpositive) televisual; television (institution engaged in the preparation and transmission of television programs)

(relational, postpositive) televisual; television, television set (electronic device that receives television signals and displays the resulting images on a screen)


prom

prom (nominative singular)
promy (nominative plural)
promu (genitive singular)
promów (genitive plural)
promowi (dative singular)
promom (dative plural)
prom (accusative singular)
promy (accusative plural)
promem (instrumental singular)
promami (instrumental plural)
promie (locative singular)
promach (locative plural)
promie (singular vocative)
promy (plural vocative)


wok

wok (nominative singular)
woki (nominative plural)
woka (genitive singular)
woku (genitive singular)
woków (genitive plural)
wokowi (dative singular)
wokom (dative plural)
wok (accusative singular)
woki (accusative plural)
wokiem (instrumental singular)
wokami (instrumental plural)
woku (locative singular)
wokach (locative plural)
woku (singular vocative)
woki (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English wok, ultimately from Cantonese 鑊／镬 (wok6).


bus

bus m animal or m inan (diminutive busik)

bus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
busik (diminutive)
bus (nominative singular)
busy (nominative plural)
busa (genitive singular)
busu (genitive singular)
busów (genitive plural)
busowi (dative singular)
busom (dative plural)
busa (accusative singular)
bus (accusative singular)
busy (accusative plural)
busem (instrumental singular)
busami (instrumental plural)
busie (locative singular)
busach (locative plural)
busie (singular vocative)
busy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) van (motor vehicle used to carry goods or, usually, up to 10 people)


omnibus

omnibus (nominative singular)
omnibusowie (nominative plural)
omnibusa (genitive singular)
omnibusów (genitive plural)
omnibusowi (dative singular)
omnibusom (dative plural)
omnibusa (accusative singular)
omnibusów (accusative plural)
omnibusem (instrumental singular)
omnibusami (instrumental plural)
omnibusie (locative singular)
omnibusach (locative plural)
omnibusie (singular vocative)
omnibusowie (plural vocative)

(humorous, literary) jack of all trades (a person with knowledge in multiple fields)


generator

generator m inan (related adjective generatorowy)

generatorowy (adjective)
generator (nominative singular)
generatory (nominative plural)
generatora (genitive singular)
generatorów (genitive plural)
generatorowi (dative singular)
generatorom (dative plural)
generator (accusative singular)
generatory (accusative plural)
generatorem (instrumental singular)
generatorami (instrumental plural)
generatorze (locative singular)
generatorach (locative plural)
generatorze (singular vocative)
generatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English generator, French générateur, German Generator, ultimately from Latin generātor.

(programming) generator (subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request)


leopard

leopard (nominative singular)
leopardy (nominative plural)
leoparda (genitive singular)
leopardów (genitive plural)
leopardowi (dative singular)
leopardom (dative plural)
leoparda (accusative singular)
leopardy (accusative plural)
leopardem (instrumental singular)
leopardami (instrumental plural)
leopardzie (locative singular)
leopardach (locative plural)
leopardzie (singular vocative)
leopardy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English leopard, French léopard, German Leopard, ultimately from Late Latin leopardus, from Ancient Greek λεόπαρδος (leópardos). Doublet of lampart.


panda

panda (nominative singular)
pandy (nominative plural)
pandy (genitive singular)
pand (genitive plural)
pandzie (dative singular)
pandom (dative plural)
pandę (accusative singular)
pandy (accusative plural)
pandą (instrumental singular)
pandami (instrumental plural)
pandzie (locative singular)
pandach (locative plural)
pando (singular vocative)
pandy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panda, French panda, German Panda.


trailer

trailer (nominative singular)
trailery (nominative plural)
trailera (genitive singular)
trailerów (genitive plural)
trailerowi (dative singular)
trailerom (dative plural)
trailer (accusative singular)
trailery (accusative plural)
trailerem (instrumental singular)
trailerami (instrumental plural)
trailerze (locative singular)
trailerach (locative plural)
trailerze (singular vocative)
trailery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English trailer.

ubor

trailer (unpowered wheeled vehicle that is towed behind another, and used to carry equipment, with the exception of a caravan)


auto

autko (diminutive)
auto (nominative singular)
auta (nominative plural)
auta (genitive singular)
aut (genitive plural)
autu (dative singular)
autom (dative plural)
auto (accusative singular)
auta (accusative plural)
autem (instrumental singular)
autami (instrumental plural)
aucie (locative singular)
autach (locative plural)
auto (singular vocative)
auta (plural vocative)


tramp

pl-noun

tramp m inan (related adjective trampowy)

trampowy (adjective)
tramp (nominative singular)
trampy (nominative plural)
trampa (genitive singular)
trampów (genitive plural)
trampowi (dative singular)
trampom (dative plural)
tramp (accusative singular)
trampy (accusative plural)
trampem (instrumental singular)
trampami (instrumental plural)
trampie (locative singular)
trampach (locative plural)
trampie (singular vocative)
trampy (plural vocative)

tramp steamer (commercial steamship that has no regular schedule or published ports of call)


tender

tender (nominative singular)
tendry (nominative plural)
tendra (genitive singular)
tendrów (genitive plural)
tendrowi (dative singular)
tendrom (dative plural)
tender (accusative singular)
tendry (accusative plural)
tendrem (instrumental singular)
tendrami (instrumental plural)
tendrze (locative singular)
tendrach (locative plural)
tendrze (singular vocative)
tendry (plural vocative)

(rail transport) tender (railroad car towed behind a steam engine to carry fuel)


bark

barkowy (adjective)
bark (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barku (genitive singular)
barków (genitive plural)
barkowi (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
bark (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barkiem (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barku (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barku (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English barque. First attested in the 20th century. Doublet of barka.


widelec

widelczyk (diminutive)
widelec (nominative singular)
widelce (nominative plural)
widelca (genitive singular)
widelców (genitive plural)
widelcowi (dative singular)
widelcom (dative plural)
widelec (accusative singular)
widelce (accusative plural)
widelcem (instrumental singular)
widelcami (instrumental plural)
widelcu (locative singular)
widelcach (locative plural)
widelcu (singular vocative)
widelce (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: відэ́лец (vidéljec)


czajnik

czajniczek (diminutive)
czajnik (nominative singular)
czajniki (nominative plural)
czajnika (genitive singular)
czajników (genitive plural)
czajnikowi (dative singular)
czajnikom (dative plural)
czajnik (accusative singular)
czajniki (accusative plural)
czajnikiem (instrumental singular)
czajnikami (instrumental plural)
czajniku (locative singular)
czajnikach (locative plural)
czajniku (singular vocative)
czajniki (plural vocative)


nóż

nóż m inan (diminutive nożyk, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożowy)

nożyk (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożowy (adjective)
nóż (nominative singular)
noże (nominative plural)
noża (genitive singular)
noży (genitive plural)
nożowi (dative singular)
nożom (dative plural)
nóż (accusative singular)
noże (accusative plural)
nożem (instrumental singular)
nożami (instrumental plural)
nożu (locative singular)
nożach (locative plural)
nożu (singular vocative)
noże (plural vocative)

knife (utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle; the blade may be pointed for piercing)


wilk

wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilku (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilk (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


mikrobus

pl-noun

mikrobus m animal or m inan (diminutive mikrobusik, related adjective mikrobusowy)

mikrobus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
mikrobusik (diminutive)
mikrobusowy (adjective)
mikrobus (nominative singular)
mikrobusy (nominative plural)
mikrobusa (genitive singular)
mikrobusu (genitive singular)
mikrobusów (genitive plural)
mikrobusowi (dative singular)
mikrobusom (dative plural)
mikrobusa (accusative singular)
mikrobus (accusative singular)
mikrobusy (accusative plural)
mikrobusem (instrumental singular)
mikrobusami (instrumental plural)
mikrobusie (locative singular)
mikrobusach (locative plural)
mikrobusie (singular vocative)
mikrobusy (plural vocative)

minibus (small bus, usually for up to ten people)


trolejbus

trolejbus m inan (related adjective trolejbusowy)

trolejbusowy (adjective)
trolejbus (nominative singular)
trolejbusy (nominative plural)
trolejbusu (genitive singular)
trolejbusów (genitive plural)
trolejbusowi (dative singular)
trolejbusom (dative plural)
trolejbus (accusative singular)
trolejbusy (accusative plural)
trolejbusem (instrumental singular)
trolejbusami (instrumental plural)
trolejbusie (locative singular)
trolejbusach (locative plural)
trolejbusie (singular vocative)
trolejbusy (plural vocative)

trolley bus (bus, powered via overhead electric cables, that does not run on tracks)


monitor

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


taxi

Unadapted borrowing from French taxi. First attested in the 20th century.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “taxi”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

(colloquial) taxi (vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver)


autobus

pl-noun

autobus m animal or m inan (diminutive autobusik, related adjective autobusowy)

autobus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
autobusik (diminutive)
autobusowy (adjective)
autobus (nominative singular)
autobusy (nominative plural)
autobusa (genitive singular)
autobusu (genitive singular)
autobusów (genitive plural)
autobusowi (dative singular)
autobusom (dative plural)
autobusa (accusative singular)
autobus (accusative singular)
autobusy (accusative plural)
autobusem (instrumental singular)
autobusami (instrumental plural)
autobusie (locative singular)
autobusach (locative plural)
autobusie (singular vocative)
autobusy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аўтобус (aŭtóbus)

Internationalism; compare French autobus, German Autobus, Russian авто́бус (avtóbus). By surface analysis, auto- + bus.

bus (motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads)


petra

(Far Masovian) wooden ladle (large wooden spoon for placing food in a bowl)


tabor

tabor m inan (diminutive taborek, related adjective taborowy)

taborek (diminutive)
taborowy (adjective)
tabor (nominative singular)
tabory (nominative plural)
taboru (genitive singular)
taborów (genitive plural)
taborowi (dative singular)
taborom (dative plural)
tabor (accusative singular)
tabory (accusative plural)
taborem (instrumental singular)
taborami (instrumental plural)
taborze (locative singular)
taborach (locative plural)
taborze (singular vocative)
tabory (plural vocative)


golf

golf (nominative singular)
golfy (nominative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfów (genitive plural)
golfowi (dative singular)
golfom (dative plural)
golfa (accusative singular)
golfy (accusative plural)
golfem (instrumental singular)
golfami (instrumental plural)
golfie (locative singular)
golfach (locative plural)
golfie (singular vocative)
golfy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Volkswagen Golf, a genericized trademark.


lada

used together with the name of a time unit, indicating that something is going to happen in the near future [with nominative]


dynamo

dynamo (nominative singular)
dynama (nominative plural)
dynama (genitive singular)
dynam (genitive plural)
dynamu (dative singular)
dynamom (dative plural)
dynamo (accusative singular)
dynama (accusative plural)
dynamem (instrumental singular)
dynamami (instrumental plural)
dynamie (locative singular)
dynamach (locative plural)
dynamo (singular vocative)
dynama (plural vocative)

dynamo-electric machine
dynamo-electric machine

(electromagnetism) dynamo, dynamo-electric machine, DC generator (electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
migu (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
mig (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(colloquial) sign of communication made with gestures or facial expressions

(linguistics) sign (specific gesture or motion used to communicate by those with speaking or hearing difficulties; now specifically, a linguistic unit in sign language equivalent to a word in spoken languages)

flash, jiffy (very short, unspecified length of time)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
miga (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
miga (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(aviation) MiG (any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft)


flak

flak m inan (diminutive flaczek, related adjective flakowy)

flaczek (diminutive)
flakowy (adjective)
flak (nominative singular)
flaki (nominative plural)
flaka (genitive singular)
flaków (genitive plural)
flakowi (dative singular)
flakom (dative plural)
flak (accusative singular)
flaki (accusative plural)
flakiem (instrumental singular)
flakami (instrumental plural)
flaku (locative singular)
flakach (locative plural)
flaku (singular vocative)
flaki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German vlëcke.

sausage casing made from animal intestine

(colloquial or dialectal, Żywiec, chiefly in the plural, of human anatomy) entrails, guts, innards, intestines, viscera (internal organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities)


SUV

SUV m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
SUV (nominative singular)
SUV-y (nominative plural)
SUV-a (genitive singular)
SUV-ów (genitive plural)
SUV-owi (dative singular)
SUV-om (dative plural)
SUV (accusative singular)
SUV-a (accusative singular)
SUV-y (accusative plural)
SUV-em (instrumental singular)
SUV-ami (instrumental plural)
SUV-ie (locative singular)
SUV-ach (locative plural)
SUV-ie (singular vocative)
SUV-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English SUV.

SUV (SUV-like automobile built on a passenger car platform, e.g. the Pontiac Torrent)


barbecue

Unadapted borrowing from English barbecue, from Spanish barbacoa, from Taíno barbakoa (“framework of sticks”).


gondola

gondolka (diminutive)
gondola (nominative singular)
gondole (nominative plural)
gondoli (genitive singular)
gondoli (genitive plural)
gondoli (dative singular)
gondolom (dative plural)
gondolę (accusative singular)
gondole (accusative plural)
gondolą (instrumental singular)
gondolami (instrumental plural)
gondoli (locative singular)
gondolach (locative plural)
gondolo (singular vocative)
gondole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian gondola, from Venetan góndoła, probably from Byzantine Greek κοντούρα (kontoúra, “small tail”).

gondola (narrow boat, especially in Venice)


sputnik

pl-noun

sputnik m inan (related adjective sputnikowy)

sputnikowy (adjective)
sputnik (nominative singular)
sputniki (nominative plural)
sputnika (genitive singular)
sputników (genitive plural)
sputnikowi (dative singular)
sputnikom (dative plural)
sputnik (accusative singular)
sputniki (accusative plural)
sputnikiem (instrumental singular)
sputnikami (instrumental plural)
sputniku (locative singular)
sputnikach (locative plural)
sputniku (singular vocative)
sputniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian спу́тник (spútnik).

bor+

(historical) sputnik (Soviet robotic space satellite)


motor

motorek (diminutive)
motor (nominative singular)
motory (nominative plural)
motoru (genitive singular)
motorów (genitive plural)
motorowi (dative singular)
motorom (dative plural)
motor (accusative singular)
motory (accusative plural)
motorem (instrumental singular)
motorami (instrumental plural)
motorze (locative singular)
motorach (locative plural)
motorze (singular vocative)
motory (plural vocative)


wagon

wagon (nominative singular)
wagony (nominative plural)
wagonu (genitive singular)
wagonów (genitive plural)
wagonowi (dative singular)
wagonom (dative plural)
wagon (accusative singular)
wagony (accusative plural)
wagonem (instrumental singular)
wagonami (instrumental plural)
wagonie (locative singular)
wagonach (locative plural)
wagonie (singular vocative)
wagony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen, from Old Dutch *wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-.

(rail transport) car, railroad car (nonpowered unit in a railroad train)


telega

teleżka (diminutive)
telega (nominative singular)
telegi (nominative plural)
telegi (genitive singular)
teleg (genitive plural)
teledze (dative singular)
telegom (dative plural)
telegę (accusative singular)
telegi (accusative plural)
telegą (instrumental singular)
telegami (instrumental plural)
teledze (locative singular)
telegach (locative plural)
telego (singular vocative)
telegi (plural vocative)

Dwie telegi tego rodzaju zastaliśmy przed więzieniem w wewnętrznym jego dziedzińcu[…]

1876, Konstanty Wolicki, Wspomnienia z czasów pobytu w cytadeli warszawskiej i na Syberyi. (Erinnerungen aus den Zeiten des Aufenthaltes in der Warschauer Cittadelle und in Sibirien.), page 57:

We found two telegas of this kind in front of the prison in its inner courtyard […]

(historical) telega (simple four-wheeled Russian cart without springs)


quad

quad (nominative singular)
quady (nominative plural)
quada (genitive singular)
quadów (genitive plural)
quadowi (dative singular)
quadom (dative plural)
quad (accusative singular)
quady (accusative plural)
quadem (instrumental singular)
quadami (instrumental plural)
quadzie (locative singular)
quadach (locative plural)
quadzie (singular vocative)
quady (plural vocative)


spoiler

spoiler (nominative singular)
spoilery (nominative plural)
spoilera (genitive singular)
spoilerów (genitive plural)
spoilerowi (dative singular)
spoilerom (dative plural)
spoiler (accusative singular)
spoilery (accusative plural)
spoilerem (instrumental singular)
spoilerami (instrumental plural)
spoilerze (locative singular)
spoilerach (locative plural)
spoilerze (singular vocative)
spoilery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English spoiler.

ubor

(aeronautics) spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase drag)

spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase downforce)

(colloquial, media) spoiler (document, review, or comment that discloses the ending or some key surprise or twist in a story, or the internal rules controlling the behaviour of a video game, etc.)


forma

pl-noun

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective formowy)

foremka (diminutive)
formowy (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

cast, mold, cake tin (kitchenware used for shaping batter or something similar)


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopu (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskop (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τηλεσκόπος (tēleskópos, “far-seeing”); from τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

lbor

(colloquial, vehicles) telescopic shock absorber


San

San (nominative singular)
Sana (genitive singular)
Sanowi (dative singular)
Sana (accusative singular)
Sanem (instrumental singular)
Sanie (locative singular)
Sanie (singular vocative)


kosiarka mieląca

kosiarka mieląca (nominative singular)
kosiarki mielące (nominative plural)
kosiarki mielącej (genitive singular)
kosiarek mielących (genitive plural)
kosiarce mielącej (dative singular)
kosiarkom mielącym (dative plural)
kosiarkę mielącą (accusative singular)
kosiarki mielące (accusative plural)
kosiarką mielącą (instrumental singular)
kosiarkami mielącymi (instrumental plural)
kosiarce mielącej (locative singular)
kosiarkach mielących (locative plural)
kosiarko mieląca (singular vocative)
kosiarki mielące (plural vocative)

Jeżeli kosisz regularnie, kosiarka mieląca będzie miała korzystny wpływ na twój trawnik.

If you mow regularly, a mulching mower will be beneficial to your lawn.


kosiarka mulczująca

kosiarka mulczująca (nominative singular)
kosiarki mulczujące (nominative plural)
kosiarki mulczującej (genitive singular)
kosiarek mulczujących (genitive plural)
kosiarce mulczującej (dative singular)
kosiarkom mulczującym (dative plural)
kosiarkę mulczującą (accusative singular)
kosiarki mulczujące (accusative plural)
kosiarką mulczującą (instrumental singular)
kosiarkami mulczującymi (instrumental plural)
kosiarce mulczującej (locative singular)
kosiarkach mulczujących (locative plural)
kosiarko mulczująca (singular vocative)
kosiarki mulczujące (plural vocative)

Jeżeli kosisz regularnie, kosiarka mulczująca będzie miała korzystny wpływ na twój trawnik.


toyota

toyota (nominative singular)
toyoty (nominative plural)
toyoty (genitive singular)
toyot (genitive plural)
toyocie (dative singular)
toyotom (dative plural)
toyotę (accusative singular)
toyoty (accusative plural)
toyotą (instrumental singular)
toyotami (instrumental plural)
toyocie (locative singular)
toyotach (locative plural)
toyoto (singular vocative)
toyoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese トヨタ (Toyota). Genericized trademark.


automobil

pl-noun

automobil m inan (related adjective automobilowy)

automobilowy (adjective)
automobil (nominative singular)
automobile (nominative plural)
automobilu (genitive singular)
automobili (genitive plural)
automobilów (genitive plural)
automobilowi (dative singular)
automobilom (dative plural)
automobil (accusative singular)
automobile (accusative plural)
automobilem (instrumental singular)
automobilami (instrumental plural)
automobilu (locative singular)
automobilach (locative plural)
automobilu (singular vocative)
automobile (plural vocative)


koń

koń m animal (diminutive konik, augmentative konisko, related adjective koński)

konik (diminutive)
konisko (augmentative)
koński (adjective)
koń (nominative singular)
konie (nominative plural)
konia (genitive singular)
koni (genitive plural)
koniowi (dative singular)
koniom (dative plural)
konia (accusative singular)
konie (accusative plural)
koniem (instrumental singular)
końmi (instrumental plural)
koniu (locative singular)
koniach (locative plural)
koniu (singular vocative)
konie (plural vocative)

darowanemu koniowi nie patrzy się w zęby

(Middle Polish) a type of torture device


grill

grill (nominative singular)
grille (nominative plural)
grilla (genitive singular)
grillów (genitive plural)
grilli (genitive plural)
grillowi (dative singular)
grillom (dative plural)
grill (accusative singular)
grilla (accusative singular)
grille (accusative plural)
grillem (instrumental singular)
grillami (instrumental plural)
grillu (locative singular)
grillach (locative plural)
grillu (singular vocative)
grille (plural vocative)


blender

blender (nominative singular)
blendery (nominative plural)
blendera (genitive singular)
blenderów (genitive plural)
blenderowi (dative singular)
blenderom (dative plural)
blender (accusative singular)
blendery (accusative plural)
blenderem (instrumental singular)
blenderami (instrumental plural)
blenderze (locative singular)
blenderach (locative plural)
blenderze (singular vocative)
blendery (plural vocative)

wymieszać/zmiksować coś blenderem/w blenderze

blender (machine outfitted with sharp blades, for mashing, crushing or liquefying food ingredients)


tir

tirowy (adjective)
tir (nominative singular)
tiry (nominative plural)
tira (genitive singular)
tirów (genitive plural)
tirowi (dative singular)
tirom (dative plural)
tira (accusative singular)
tiry (accusative plural)
tirem (instrumental singular)
tirami (instrumental plural)
tirze (locative singular)
tirach (locative plural)
tirze (singular vocative)
tiry (plural vocative)

From blue-and-white plates with the French initialism TIR (“Transports Internationaux Routiers”), which are put on vehicles matching the requirements of the TIR Convention.


taboret

taboret (nominative singular)
taborety (nominative plural)
taboretu (genitive singular)
taboretów (genitive plural)
taboretowi (dative singular)
taboretom (dative plural)
taboret (accusative singular)
taborety (accusative plural)
taboretem (instrumental singular)
taboretami (instrumental plural)
taborecie (locative singular)
taboretach (locative plural)
taborecie (singular vocative)
taborety (plural vocative)


taksi

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of taxi


rydwan

rydwan (nominative singular)
rydwany (nominative plural)
rydwanu (genitive singular)
rydwanów (genitive plural)
rydwanowi (dative singular)
rydwanom (dative plural)
rydwan (accusative singular)
rydwany (accusative plural)
rydwanem (instrumental singular)
rydwanami (instrumental plural)
rydwanie (locative singular)
rydwanach (locative plural)
rydwanie (singular vocative)
rydwany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rydwan, rynwan. Per Bańkowski, from dialectal Middle High German rind(e)wagen. Alternatively from German Reitwagen.

inh+

chariot (a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle, used in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age warfare)


minibus

minibus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
minibus (nominative singular)
minibusy (nominative plural)
minibusa (genitive singular)
minibusu (genitive singular)
minibusów (genitive plural)
minibusowi (dative singular)
minibusom (dative plural)
minibusa (accusative singular)
minibus (accusative singular)
minibusy (accusative plural)
minibusem (instrumental singular)
minibusami (instrumental plural)
minibusie (locative singular)
minibusach (locative plural)
minibusie (singular vocative)
minibusy (plural vocative)

minibus (small bus, especially one used as transport for small groups)


mustang

mustang (nominative singular)
mustangi (nominative plural)
mustanga (genitive singular)
mustangów (genitive plural)
mustangowi (dative singular)
mustangom (dative plural)
mustanga (accusative singular)
mustangi (accusative plural)
mustangiem (instrumental singular)
mustangami (instrumental plural)
mustangu (locative singular)
mustangach (locative plural)
mustangu (singular vocative)
mustangi (plural vocative)

(usually in the plural) jeans or shoes by Mustang Holding


crossover

crossover (nominative singular)
crossovery (nominative plural)
crossovera (genitive singular)
crossoverów (genitive plural)
crossoverowi (dative singular)
crossoverom (dative plural)
crossovera (accusative singular)
crossovery (accusative plural)
crossoverem (instrumental singular)
crossoverami (instrumental plural)
crossoverze (locative singular)
crossoverach (locative plural)
crossoverze (singular vocative)
crossovery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English crossover.

ubor

crossover (SUV-like automobile built on a passenger car platform, e.g. the Pontiac Torrent)


mary

mary (nominative plural)
mar (genitive plural)
marom (dative plural)
mary (accusative plural)
marami (instrumental plural)
marach (locative plural)
mary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mary. Cognate with Czech máry and German Bahre.

(literary) bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)


werk

werk (nominative singular)
werki (nominative plural)
werku (genitive singular)
werków (genitive plural)
werkowi (dative singular)
werkom (dative plural)
werk (accusative singular)
werki (accusative plural)
werkiem (instrumental singular)
werkami (instrumental plural)
werku (locative singular)
werkach (locative plural)
werku (singular vocative)
werki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Werk, from Middle High German wërc, from Old High German werc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Possibly a doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”).


tuning

pl-noun

tuning m inan (related adjective tuningowy)

tuningowy (adjective)
tuning (nominative singular)
tuningu (genitive singular)
tuningowi (dative singular)
tuning (accusative singular)
tuningiem (instrumental singular)
tuningu (locative singular)
tuningu (singular vocative)


heder

heder (nominative singular)
hedery (nominative plural)
hedera (genitive singular)
hederów (genitive plural)
hederowi (dative singular)
hederom (dative plural)
heder (accusative singular)
hedery (accusative plural)
hederem (instrumental singular)
hederami (instrumental plural)
hederze (locative singular)
hederach (locative plural)
hederze (singular vocative)
hedery (plural vocative)


bombardier

bombardier (nominative singular)
bombardiery (nominative plural)
bombardiera (genitive singular)
bombardierów (genitive plural)
bombardierowi (dative singular)
bombardierom (dative plural)
bombardiera (accusative singular)
bombardiery (accusative plural)
bombardierem (instrumental singular)
bombardierami (instrumental plural)
bombardierze (locative singular)
bombardierach (locative plural)
bombardierze (singular vocative)
bombardiery (plural vocative)

(rail transport) tram or train car manufactured by a company belonging to the Bombardier Inc. multinational


solarium

solarium (nominative singular)
solaria (nominative plural)
solarium (genitive singular)
solariów (genitive plural)
solarium (dative singular)
solariom (dative plural)
solarium (accusative singular)
solaria (accusative plural)
solarium (instrumental singular)
solariami (instrumental plural)
solarium (locative singular)
solariach (locative plural)
solarium (singular vocative)
solaria (plural vocative)

(archaic) sundial (device noting the time of day by the position of a shadow)


pana

pana (nominative singular)
pany (nominative plural)
pany (genitive singular)
pan (genitive plural)
panie (dative singular)
panom (dative plural)
panę (accusative singular)
pany (accusative plural)
paną (instrumental singular)
panami (instrumental plural)
panie (locative singular)
panach (locative plural)
pano (singular vocative)
pany (plural vocative)


tarka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьrka. By surface analysis, trzeć + -ka.

washboard (board used to hand wash laundry)


fura

fura (nominative singular)
fury (nominative plural)
fury (genitive singular)
fur (genitive plural)
furze (dative singular)
furom (dative plural)
furę (accusative singular)
fury (accusative plural)
furą (instrumental singular)
furami (instrumental plural)
furze (locative singular)
furach (locative plural)
furo (singular vocative)
fury (plural vocative)


rollercoaster

rollercoaster (nominative singular)
rollercoastery (nominative plural)
rollercoastera (genitive singular)
rollercoasterów (genitive plural)
rollercoasterowi (dative singular)
rollercoasterom (dative plural)
rollercoaster (accusative singular)
rollercoastery (accusative plural)
rollercoasterem (instrumental singular)
rollercoasterami (instrumental plural)
rollercoasterze (locative singular)
rollercoasterach (locative plural)
rollercoasterze (singular vocative)
rollercoastery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rollercoaster.

ubor

(transport) rollercoaster, coaster (amusement ride consisting of a train on a track that rises, falls, twists, and turns)


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)

(obsolete, engineering) pile driver (machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground)


arba

arba (nominative singular)
arby (nominative plural)
arby (genitive singular)
arb (genitive plural)
arbie (dative singular)
arbom (dative plural)
arbę (accusative singular)
arby (accusative plural)
arbą (instrumental singular)
arbami (instrumental plural)
arbie (locative singular)
arbach (locative plural)
arbo (singular vocative)
arby (plural vocative)


biga

biga (nominative singular)
bigi (nominative plural)
bigi (genitive singular)
big (genitive plural)
bidze (dative singular)
bigom (dative plural)
bigę (accusative singular)
bigi (accusative plural)
bigą (instrumental singular)
bigami (instrumental plural)
bidze (locative singular)
bigach (locative plural)
bigo (singular vocative)
bigi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German biegen. Doublet of Boh and Bug.

(printing) crease (element of the die-cutting machine used to emboss the bend line of the paper)


kret

kret (nominative singular)
krety (nominative plural)
kretu (genitive singular)
kretów (genitive plural)
kretowi (dative singular)
kretom (dative plural)
kret (accusative singular)
krety (accusative plural)
kretem (instrumental singular)
kretami (instrumental plural)
krecie (locative singular)
kretach (locative plural)
krecie (singular vocative)
krety (plural vocative)

(colloquial) mole (tunnel-boring machine)


trup

trupek (diminutive)
trup (nominative singular)
trupy (nominative plural)
trupa (genitive singular)
trupów (genitive plural)
trupowi (dative singular)
trupom (dative plural)
trupa (accusative singular)
trupy (accusative plural)
trupem (instrumental singular)
trupami (instrumental plural)
trupie (locative singular)
trupach (locative plural)
trupie (singular vocative)
trupy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish trup, from Proto-Slavic *trupъ.


prasa

prasowy (adjective)
prasa (nominative singular)
prasy (nominative plural)
prasy (genitive singular)
pras (genitive plural)
prasie (dative singular)
prasom (dative plural)
prasę (accusative singular)
prasy (accusative plural)
prasą (instrumental singular)
prasami (instrumental plural)
prasie (locative singular)
prasach (locative plural)
praso (singular vocative)
prasy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: prasa

Inherited from Old Polish prasa. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Presse and French presse.

sl

(uncountable, collective) press (those working in such media collectively)


sito

sitko (diminutive)
sito (nominative singular)
sita (nominative plural)
sita (genitive singular)
sit (genitive plural)
situ (dative singular)
sitom (dative plural)
sito (accusative singular)
sita (accusative plural)
sitem (instrumental singular)
sitami (instrumental plural)
sicie (locative singular)
sitach (locative plural)
sito (singular vocative)
sita (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sìto (“sieve”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀta, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y-tom, from *seh₁- (“to impress, insert, sow”).


duga

wziąć na dugę


tragi

tragi (nominative plural)
trag (genitive plural)
tragów (genitive plural)
tragom (dative plural)
tragi (accusative plural)
tragami (instrumental plural)
tragach (locative plural)
tragi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tragi. Cognate with German Trage.


ogórek

pl-noun

ogórek m inan (diminutive ogóreczek, augmentative ogór or ogóras, related adjective ogórkowy or (rare) ogórczany)

ogóreczek (diminutive)
ogór (augmentative)
ogóras (augmentative)
ogórkowy (adjective)
ogórczany (adjective rare)
ogórek (nominative singular)
ogórki (nominative plural)
ogórka (genitive singular)
ogórków (genitive plural)
ogórkowi (dative singular)
ogórkom (dative plural)
ogórek (accusative singular)
ogórki (accusative plural)
ogórkiem (instrumental singular)
ogórkami (instrumental plural)
ogórku (locative singular)
ogórkach (locative plural)
ogórku (singular vocative)
ogórki (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: agur̃kas

Inherited from Old Polish ogurek, from Byzantine Greek ἀγγούριον (angoúrion, “cucumber”).

der

(colloquial, humorous) Jelcz-brand bus, commonly used for intercity and urban transportation in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s


blok

bloczek (diminutive)
blok (nominative singular)
bloki (nominative plural)
bloku (genitive singular)
bloków (genitive plural)
blokowi (dative singular)
blokom (dative plural)
blok (accusative singular)
bloki (accusative plural)
blokiem (instrumental singular)
blokami (instrumental plural)
bloku (locative singular)
blokach (locative plural)
bloku (singular vocative)
bloki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Block. Sense 8 is a semantic loan from English code block, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English block, sense 10 is a semantic loan from English heart block, and sense 11 is a semantic loan from English engine block. First attested in 1782.

sl

apartment building, block, block of flats, tower block

blok serca

blok przedsionkowo-komorowy

blok napędowy

blok cylindrów

blok silnika


U-Boot

U-Boot (nominative singular)
U-Booty (nominative plural)
U-Boota (genitive singular)
U-Bootów (genitive plural)
U-Bootowi (dative singular)
U-Bootom (dative plural)
U-Boota (accusative singular)
U-Booty (accusative plural)
U-Bootem (instrumental singular)
U-Bootami (instrumental plural)
U-Boocie (locative singular)
U-Bootach (locative plural)
U-Boocie (singular vocative)
U-Booty (plural vocative)

(colloquial, historical) U-boat (any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War)


grat

grat (nominative singular)
graty (nominative plural)
grata (genitive singular)
gratów (genitive plural)
gratowi (dative singular)
gratom (dative plural)
grata (accusative singular)
graty (accusative plural)
gratem (instrumental singular)
gratami (instrumental plural)
gracie (locative singular)
gratach (locative plural)
gracie (singular vocative)
graty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German geræte (“equipment”).

bor+

(informal, derogatory) clunker, decrepit car


alternator

alternator (nominative singular)
alternatory (nominative plural)
alternatora (genitive singular)
alternatorów (genitive plural)
alternatorowi (dative singular)
alternatorom (dative plural)
alternator (accusative singular)
alternatory (accusative plural)
alternatorem (instrumental singular)
alternatorami (instrumental plural)
alternatorze (locative singular)
alternatorach (locative plural)
alternatorze (singular vocative)
alternatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English alternator, from Latin alternō. First attested in 1892.

ref

Józef Jerzy Boguski (1892) Wstęp do elektrotechniki : odczyty wygłoszone na posiedzeniach Sekcyi 1-ej technicznej Warszawskiego Tow. popierania przemysłu i handlu. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page III

alternator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

zacisk alternatora

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) alternator (electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means)


atrapa

atrapa (nominative singular)
atrapy (nominative plural)
atrapy (genitive singular)
atrap (genitive plural)
atrapie (dative singular)
atrapom (dative plural)
atrapę (accusative singular)
atrapy (accusative plural)
atrapą (instrumental singular)
atrapami (instrumental plural)
atrapie (locative singular)
atrapach (locative plural)
atrapo (singular vocative)
atrapy (plural vocative)

dummy, mock-up, simulacrum (something that is only meant to resemble something else)


matan

(Kociewie) large button with a shiny eye


samochód

pl-noun

samochód m inan (diminutive samochodzik, augmentative samochodzisko, related adjective samochodowy)

samochodzik (diminutive)
samochodzisko (augmentative)
samochodowy (adjective)
samochód (nominative singular)
samochody (nominative plural)
samochodu (genitive singular)
samochodów (genitive plural)
samochodowi (dative singular)
samochodom (dative plural)
samochód (accusative singular)
samochody (accusative plural)
samochodem (instrumental singular)
samochodami (instrumental plural)
samochodzie (locative singular)
samochodach (locative plural)
samochodzie (singular vocative)
samochody (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: samòchód (rare)

→ Silesian: samochōd (rare)

From samo- + chód. There is a popular belief that the term was coined in a competition; however, no record of said competition exists. There was wavering between this term and samojazd as to which would be the default term for car, but samojazd was ultimately displaced in the 20th century. First attested in the 19th century. Compare Belarusian самахо́д (samaxód) and Russian самохо́д (samoxód).

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “samochód”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 17

car, automobile (wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation)

Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
pl:Ida Kurcz


pociąg

pl-noun

pociąg m inan (related adjective pociągowy)

pociągowy (adjective)
pociąg (nominative singular)
pociągi (nominative plural)
pociągu (genitive singular)
pociągów (genitive plural)
pociągowi (dative singular)
pociągom (dative plural)
pociąg (accusative singular)
pociągi (accusative plural)
pociągiem (instrumental singular)
pociągami (instrumental plural)
pociągu (locative singular)
pociągach (locative plural)
pociągu (singular vocative)
pociągi (plural vocative)

/ˈpɔ.t͡ɕɔŋk/

Deverbal from pociągać. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French train, English train, and German Zug. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from French inclination. First attested in 1550.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Pociąg do Warszawy odjeżdża za godzinę.

train (mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport)

(Middle Polish, construction) traverse holding up a wooden construction

(Middle Polish, sailing) sail (piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along; the sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars, and ropes)


żubr

żubr (nominative singular)
żubrowie (nominative plural)
żubry (derogatory nominative plural)
żubra (genitive singular)
żubrów (genitive plural)
żubrowi (dative singular)
żubrom (dative plural)
żubra (accusative singular)
żubrów (accusative plural)
żubrem (instrumental singular)
żubrami (instrumental plural)
żubrze (locative singular)
żubrach (locative plural)
żubrze (singular vocative)
żubrowie (plural vocative)
żubry (derogatory plural vocative)

→ English: zubr

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: жубръ (žubr), żubr — alternative spelling
⇒ Ukrainian: жуброви́й (žubrovýj)

→ Vilamovian: żubr

(historical, politics) żubr kresowy (representative of a group of conservative Polish landowners who lived in the early 20th century in the eastern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, now part of Lithuania or Belarus)


jeep

jeep (nominative singular)
jeepy (nominative plural)
jeepa (genitive singular)
jeepów (genitive plural)
jeepowi (dative singular)
jeepom (dative plural)
jeepa (accusative singular)
jeepy (accusative plural)
jeepem (instrumental singular)
jeepami (instrumental plural)
jeepie (locative singular)
jeepach (locative plural)
jeepie (singular vocative)
jeepy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English jeep. Genericized trademark.


rower

pl-noun

rower m inan (diminutive rowerek, related adjective rowerowy)

rowerek (diminutive)
rowerowy (adjective)
rower (nominative singular)
rowery (nominative plural)
roweru (genitive singular)
rowerów (genitive plural)
rowerowi (dative singular)
rowerom (dative plural)
rower (accusative singular)
rowery (accusative plural)
rowerem (instrumental singular)
rowerami (instrumental plural)
rowerze (locative singular)
rowerach (locative plural)
rowerze (singular vocative)
rowery (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ро́вар (róvar)

→ Ukrainian: ро́вер (róver)

→ Yiddish: ראָווער (rover)

Genericized trademark of the British company Rover.

bicycle, bike (vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals)


samara

samara (nominative singular)
samary (nominative plural)
samary (genitive singular)
samar (genitive plural)
samarze (dative singular)
samarom (dative plural)
samarę (accusative singular)
samary (accusative plural)
samarą (instrumental singular)
samarami (instrumental plural)
samarze (locative singular)
samarach (locative plural)
samaro (singular vocative)
samary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Сама́ра (Samára), an oblast of Russia.

(colloquial) Lada Samara (series of small family cars produced by Soviet/Russian vehicle manufacturer AvtoVAZ under the Lada brand between 1984 and 2013)


arka

arka (nominative singular)
arki (nominative plural)
arki (genitive singular)
arek (genitive plural)
arce (dative singular)
arkom (dative plural)
arkę (accusative singular)
arki (accusative plural)
arką (instrumental singular)
arkami (instrumental plural)
arce (locative singular)
arkach (locative plural)
arko (singular vocative)
arki (plural vocative)


banan

banan m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
banan (nominative singular)
banany (nominative plural)
banana (genitive singular)
bananów (genitive plural)
bananowi (dative singular)
bananom (dative plural)
banana (accusative singular)
banan (accusative singular)
banany (accusative plural)
bananem (instrumental singular)
bananami (instrumental plural)
bananie (locative singular)
bananach (locative plural)
bananie (singular vocative)
banany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French banane, from Portuguese banana, from Wolof banaana.

(colloquial) banana boat (boat resembling a banana)


pantera

panterka (diminutive)
pantera (nominative singular)
pantery (nominative plural)
pantery (genitive singular)
panter (genitive plural)
panterze (dative singular)
panterom (dative plural)
panterę (accusative singular)
pantery (accusative plural)
panterą (instrumental singular)
panterami (instrumental plural)
panterze (locative singular)
panterach (locative plural)
pantero (singular vocative)
pantery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panther, French panthère, German Panther, ultimately from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr). First attested in 1568.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pantera”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(military, historical) type of German tank used in World War II


barka

barkowy (adjective)
barka (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barki (genitive singular)
barek (genitive plural)
barce (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
barkę (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barką (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barce (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barko (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barca. Doublet of bark.

barge (large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo)


krypa

krypa (nominative singular)
krypy (nominative plural)
krypy (genitive singular)
kryp (genitive plural)
krypie (dative singular)
krypom (dative plural)
krypę (accusative singular)
krypy (accusative plural)
krypą (instrumental singular)
krypami (instrumental plural)
krypie (locative singular)
krypach (locative plural)
krypo (singular vocative)
krypy (plural vocative)

barge (flat-bottomed vessel used to transport sand, gravel, etc.)


klima

klima (nominative singular)
klimy (genitive singular)
klimie (dative singular)
klimę (accusative singular)
klimą (instrumental singular)
klimie (locative singular)
klimo (singular vocative)

(colloquial) air conditioning, especially in a car


boombox

boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksu (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boombox (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)
boombox (nominative singular)
boomboksy (nominative plural)
boomboksa (genitive singular)
boomboksów (genitive plural)
boomboksowi (dative singular)
boomboksom (dative plural)
boomboksa (accusative singular)
boomboksy (accusative plural)
boomboksem (instrumental singular)
boomboksami (instrumental plural)
boomboksie (locative singular)
boomboksach (locative plural)
boomboksie (singular vocative)
boomboksy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English boom box.


lotniskowiec

lotniskowiec (nominative singular)
lotniskowce (nominative plural)
lotniskowca (genitive singular)
lotniskowców (genitive plural)
lotniskowcowi (dative singular)
lotniskowcom (dative plural)
lotniskowiec (accusative singular)
lotniskowce (accusative plural)
lotniskowcem (instrumental singular)
lotniskowcami (instrumental plural)
lotniskowcu (locative singular)
lotniskowcach (locative plural)
lotniskowcu (singular vocative)
lotniskowce (plural vocative)


koło

kółko (diminutive)
koło (nominative singular)
koła (nominative plural)
koła (genitive singular)
kół (genitive plural)
kołu (dative singular)
kołom (dative plural)
koło (accusative singular)
koła (accusative plural)
kołem (instrumental singular)
kołami (instrumental plural)
kole (locative singular)
kołach (locative plural)
koło (singular vocative)
koła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koło. Doublet of kolo. Related to English cycle and wheel.

napęd na cztery koła

wheel (round simple machine allowing vehicles to move)

wheel (simple machine on an axis allowing for rotation)


miska

pl-noun

miska f (diminutive miseczka, augmentative micha)

miseczka (diminutive)
micha (augmentative)
miska (nominative singular)
miski (nominative plural)
miski (genitive singular)
misek (genitive plural)
misce (dative singular)
miskom (dative plural)
miskę (accusative singular)
miski (accusative plural)
miską (instrumental singular)
miskami (instrumental plural)
misce (locative singular)
miskach (locative plural)
misko (singular vocative)
miski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mìsъka. By surface analysis, misa + -ka.


traktor

traktor (nominative singular)
traktory (nominative plural)
traktora (genitive singular)
traktorów (genitive plural)
traktorowi (dative singular)
traktorom (dative plural)
traktor (accusative singular)
traktory (accusative plural)
traktorem (instrumental singular)
traktorami (instrumental plural)
traktorze (locative singular)
traktorach (locative plural)
traktorze (singular vocative)
traktory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tractor, from Latin tractus.


fregata

fregata (nominative singular)
fregaty (nominative plural)
fregaty (genitive singular)
fregat (genitive plural)
fregacie (dative singular)
fregatom (dative plural)
fregatę (accusative singular)
fregaty (accusative plural)
fregatą (instrumental singular)
fregatami (instrumental plural)
fregacie (locative singular)
fregatach (locative plural)
fregato (singular vocative)
fregaty (plural vocative)


automat

automat (nominative singular)
automaty (nominative plural)
automatu (genitive singular)
automatów (genitive plural)
automatowi (dative singular)
automatom (dative plural)
automat (accusative singular)
automaty (accusative plural)
automatem (instrumental singular)
automatami (instrumental plural)
automacie (locative singular)
automatach (locative plural)
automacie (singular vocative)
automaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Automat, from Latin automatus. By surface analysis, auto- + -mat.

automat sprzedający


opona

opona f (diminutive oponka, related adjective oponowy)

oponka (diminutive)
oponowy (adjective)
opona (nominative singular)
opony (nominative plural)
opony (genitive singular)
opon (genitive plural)
oponie (dative singular)
oponom (dative plural)
oponę (accusative singular)
opony (accusative plural)
oponą (instrumental singular)
oponami (instrumental plural)
oponie (locative singular)
oponach (locative plural)
opono (singular vocative)
opony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *opona. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic опона (opona, “curtain”) and Czech opona (“theater curtain”).


polonez

polonezik (diminutive)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
polonez (accusative singular)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)


galera

galera (nominative singular)
galery (nominative plural)
galery (genitive singular)
galer (genitive plural)
galerze (dative singular)
galerom (dative plural)
galerę (accusative singular)
galery (accusative plural)
galerą (instrumental singular)
galerami (instrumental plural)
galerze (locative singular)
galerach (locative plural)
galero (singular vocative)
galery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian galera, from galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea), from γαλέη (galéē), from Ancient Greek γαλεός (galeós).

(nautical) galley (ship propelled primarily by oars)


komin

pl-noun

komin m inan (diminutive kominek, related adjective kominowy)

kominek (diminutive)
kominowy (adjective)
komin (nominative singular)
kominy (nominative plural)
komina (genitive singular)
kominów (genitive plural)
kominowi (dative singular)
kominom (dative plural)
komin (accusative singular)
kominy (accusative plural)
kominem (instrumental singular)
kominami (instrumental plural)
kominie (locative singular)
kominach (locative plural)
kominie (singular vocative)
kominy (plural vocative)

chimney, flue (device in the form of a duct that is used to exhaust fumes or other noxious gases to the outside of the building or to supply fresh air)


motocykl

motocykl (nominative singular)
motocykle (nominative plural)
motocykla (genitive singular)
motocykli (genitive plural)
motocyklów (genitive plural)
motocyklowi (dative singular)
motocyklom (dative plural)
motocykl (accusative singular)
motocykle (accusative plural)
motocyklem (instrumental singular)
motocyklami (instrumental plural)
motocyklu (locative singular)
motocyklach (locative plural)
motocyklu (singular vocative)
motocykle (plural vocative)


minivan

minivan (nominative singular)
minivany (nominative plural)
minivana (genitive singular)
minivanów (genitive plural)
minivanowi (dative singular)
minivanom (dative plural)
minivan (accusative singular)
minivany (accusative plural)
minivanem (instrumental singular)
minivanami (instrumental plural)
minivanie (locative singular)
minivanach (locative plural)
minivanie (singular vocative)
minivany (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English minivan.

ubor

minivan, people carrier, MPV (large and spacious passenger car, typically with five or seven seats and sliding rear doors)


pytel

pl-noun

pytel m inan (related adjective pytlowy)

pytlowy (adjective)
pytel (nominative singular)
pytle (nominative plural)
pytla (genitive singular)
pytli (genitive plural)
pytlowi (dative singular)
pytlom (dative plural)
pytel (accusative singular)
pytle (accusative plural)
pytlem (instrumental singular)
pytlami (instrumental plural)
pytlu (locative singular)
pytlach (locative plural)
pytlu (singular vocative)
pytle (plural vocative)

flour sifting bag (bag made of light, loosely woven fabric, used to sift flour after milling to remove the bran)

(archaic) grain sorter (mill machine for sorting grain mill products)


kajak

kajaczek (diminutive)
kajak (nominative singular)
kajaki (nominative plural)
kajaka (genitive singular)
kajaków (genitive plural)
kajakowi (dative singular)
kajakom (dative plural)
kajak (accusative singular)
kajaki (accusative plural)
kajakiem (instrumental singular)
kajakami (instrumental plural)
kajaku (locative singular)
kajakach (locative plural)
kajaku (singular vocative)
kajaki (plural vocative)

From Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “man's boat”) or Greenlandic qajaq.


taksa

taksa (nominative singular)
taksy (nominative plural)
taksy (genitive singular)
taks (genitive plural)
taksie (dative singular)
taksom (dative plural)
taksę (accusative singular)
taksy (accusative plural)
taksą (instrumental singular)
taksami (instrumental plural)
taksie (locative singular)
taksach (locative plural)
takso (singular vocative)
taksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French taxe. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Silesian taksa.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “taksa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, colloquial) taxi (vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver)


akumulator

pl-noun

akumulator m inan (diminutive akumulatorek)

akumulatorek (diminutive)
akumulator (nominative singular)
akumulatory (nominative plural)
akumulatora (genitive singular)
akumulatorów (genitive plural)
akumulatorowi (dative singular)
akumulatorom (dative plural)
akumulator (accusative singular)
akumulatory (accusative plural)
akumulatorem (instrumental singular)
akumulatorami (instrumental plural)
akumulatorze (locative singular)
akumulatorach (locative plural)
akumulatorze (singular vocative)
akumulatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Akkumulator or French accumulateur, Latin accumulātor. First attested in 1872.

ref

Opiekun Domowy : pismo tygodniowe sprawom wychowania, rzeczom społecznym, nauce, literaturze i sztuce poświęcone (in Polish), number R.8, Serya 3, nr 45, 1872, page 354

akumulator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

accumulator, battery (wet-cell storage battery)


akcelerator

akcelerator (nominative singular)
akceleratory (nominative plural)
akceleratora (genitive singular)
akceleratorów (genitive plural)
akceleratorowi (dative singular)
akceleratorom (dative plural)
akcelerator (accusative singular)
akceleratory (accusative plural)
akceleratorem (instrumental singular)
akceleratorami (instrumental plural)
akceleratorze (locative singular)
akceleratorach (locative plural)
akceleratorze (singular vocative)
akceleratory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English accelerator. Ultimately from Latin accelerō + -ator. First attested in 1910.

particle accelerator
particle accelerator

(physics) accelerator, particle accelerator (machine or device used for accelerating particles)

accelerator (pedal of a car that accelerates)

(computing) accelerator (computer component using dedicated hardware to accelerate the processing and display of graphics)


bimba

bimba (nominative singular)
bimby (nominative plural)
bimby (genitive singular)
bimb (genitive plural)
bimbie (dative singular)
bimbom (dative plural)
bimbę (accusative singular)
bimby (accusative plural)
bimbą (instrumental singular)
bimbami (instrumental plural)
bimbie (locative singular)
bimbach (locative plural)
bimbo (singular vocative)
bimby (plural vocative)

historyczna bimba

stara bimba

zabytkowa bimba

poznańska bimba

jeździć/pojeździć bimbą

przejechać się bimbą

MPK twierdzi, że bimby jeżdżą punktualnie. Tymczasem w środę ok. 13.00 czekałem na Zwierzynieckiej na ,,dwójkę’’, która spóźniła się 10 minut. Tego samego dnia wieczorem na os. Tysiąclecia inna bimba spóźniła się 6 minut. Tamże, w sobotę rano tramwaj nie przyjechał w ogóle lub przyjechał przed czasem. To może zlikwidujmy rozkłady jazdy?

2002, the readership, “Opinie dnia”, in Gazeta Poznańska, Oficyna Wydawnicza Wielkopolski, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2022-06-14:

The Urban Transportation Company claims that the trams are punctual. Meanwhile on Wednesday around 1 pm I was waiting at Zwierzyniecka number two, which was late by 10 minutes. Later that day in the evening at Millennium estate another tram was late by 6 minutes. At the same place Saturday morning the tram didn't come at all, or came ahead of time. Maybe we should get rid of the timetables?


kombajn

kombajn (nominative singular)
kombajny (nominative plural)
kombajnu (genitive singular)
kombajnów (genitive plural)
kombajnowi (dative singular)
kombajnom (dative plural)
kombajn (accusative singular)
kombajny (accusative plural)
kombajnem (instrumental singular)
kombajnami (instrumental plural)
kombajnie (locative singular)
kombajnach (locative plural)
kombajnie (singular vocative)
kombajny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English combine, from Middle French combiner, from Late Latin combīnāre.


ekspres

Borrowed from French exprès, from Latin expressus.

(rail transport) train that stops only at major cities, faster than an express train


ekspres

Borrowed from Italian espresso, from Latin expressus.

coffee machine, coffeemaker (kitchen apparatus used to brew and filter coffee)


kierownik

pl-noun

kierownik m pers (female equivalent kierowniczka, related adjective kierowniczy)

kierowniczka (feminine)
kierowniczy (adjective)
kierownik (nominative singular)
kierownicy (nominative plural)
kierowniki (derogatory nominative plural)
kierownika (genitive singular)
kierowników (genitive plural)
kierownikowi (dative singular)
kierownikom (dative plural)
kierownika (accusative singular)
kierowników (accusative plural)
kierownikiem (instrumental singular)
kierownikami (instrumental plural)
kierowniku (locative singular)
kierownikach (locative plural)
kierowniku (singular vocative)
kierownicy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: кіраўні́к (kiraŭník)

→ Ukrainian: керівни́к (kerivnýk)

From kierować + -nik. First attested in 1595. Compare Kashubian czerownik.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “kierownik”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(chiefly in the vocative) boss (term of address)


intercity

Unadapted borrowing from English intercity.

ubor

(rail transport) InterCity train (long-distance passenger train in Europe)


żelazko

żelazko (nominative singular)
żelazka (nominative plural)
żelazka (genitive singular)
żelazek (genitive plural)
żelazku (dative singular)
żelazkom (dative plural)
żelazko (accusative singular)
żelazka (accusative plural)
żelazkiem (instrumental singular)
żelazkami (instrumental plural)
żelazku (locative singular)
żelazkach (locative plural)
żelazko (singular vocative)
żelazka (plural vocative)


odkurzacz

odkurzacz (nominative singular)
odkurzacze (nominative plural)
odkurzacza (genitive singular)
odkurzaczy (genitive plural)
odkurzaczów (genitive plural)
odkurzaczowi (dative singular)
odkurzaczom (dative plural)
odkurzacz (accusative singular)
odkurzacze (accusative plural)
odkurzaczem (instrumental singular)
odkurzaczami (instrumental plural)
odkurzaczu (locative singular)
odkurzaczach (locative plural)
odkurzaczu (singular vocative)
odkurzacze (plural vocative)


zegarek

pl-noun

zegarek m inan (diminutive zegareczek, related adjective zegarkowy)

zegareczek (diminutive)
zegarkowy (adjective)
zegarek (nominative singular)
zegarki (nominative plural)
zegarka (genitive singular)
zegarków (genitive plural)
zegarkowi (dative singular)
zegarkom (dative plural)
zegarek (accusative singular)
zegarki (accusative plural)
zegarkiem (instrumental singular)
zegarkami (instrumental plural)
zegarku (locative singular)
zegarkach (locative plural)
zegarku (singular vocative)
zegarki (plural vocative)


koperta

koperta f (diminutive kopertka, related adjective kopertowy)

kopertka (diminutive)
kopertowy (adjective)
koperta (nominative singular)
koperty (nominative plural)
koperty (genitive singular)
kopert (genitive plural)
kopercie (dative singular)
kopertom (dative plural)
kopertę (accusative singular)
koperty (accusative plural)
kopertą (instrumental singular)
kopertami (instrumental plural)
kopercie (locative singular)
kopertach (locative plural)
koperto (singular vocative)
koperty (plural vocative)

protective jacket or case, especially for a record, containing art and information about the contents; also: the analogous leaflet found in a packaged CD

clutch, clutch bag (small handbag without a shoulder strap, designed to be held in the hand)

(automotive, colloquial) painted rectangle with two diagonals marking the place intended for parking the vehicle of an authorized person or used (until 2005) to test the ability of a driving test candidate to perform the maneuver of parallel parking in reverse

(automotive, colloquial) maneuver of parallel parking in reverse that a driving test candidate should be able to perform

(colloquial, metonymically) money given in an envelope as a bribe or gift


tramwaj

tramwaj (nominative singular)
tramwaje (nominative plural)
tramwaju (genitive singular)
tramwajów (genitive plural)
tramwai (genitive plural)
tramwajowi (dative singular)
tramwajom (dative plural)
tramwaj (accusative singular)
tramwaje (accusative plural)
tramwajem (instrumental singular)
tramwajami (instrumental plural)
tramwaju (locative singular)
tramwajach (locative plural)
tramwaju (singular vocative)
tramwaje (plural vocative)


kocioł

kocioł m inan (diminutive kociołek or kotlik)

kociołek (diminutive)
kotlik (diminutive)
kocioł (nominative singular)
kotły (nominative plural)
kotła (genitive singular)
kotłów (genitive plural)
kotłowi (dative singular)
kotłom (dative plural)
kocioł (accusative singular)
kotły (accusative plural)
kotłem (instrumental singular)
kotłami (instrumental plural)
kotle (locative singular)
kotłach (locative plural)
kotle (singular vocative)
kotły (plural vocative)


piec

upiec (perfective)
piec (infinitive)
piekę (present singular)
pieczemy (plural present)
pieczesz (present singular)
pieczecie (plural present)
piecze (present singular third-person)
pieką (plural present third-person)
piecze się (impersonal present)
piekłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m piekł (masculine past singular)
piekłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m piekła (feminine past singular)
piekłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m piekło (neuter past singular)
piekliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy piekli (past plural virile)
piekłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy piekły (nonvirile past plural)
piekłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś piekł (masculine past singular)
piekłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś piekła (feminine past singular)
piekłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś piekło (neuter past singular)
piekliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście piekli (past plural virile)
piekłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście piekły (nonvirile past plural)
piekł (masculine past singular third-person)
piekła (feminine past singular third-person)
piekło (neuter past singular third-person)
piekli (past plural third-person virile)
piekły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
pieczono (impersonal past)
będę piekł (future masculine singular)
będę piec (future masculine singular)
będę piekła (feminine future singular)
będę piec (feminine future singular)
będę piekło (future neuter singular)
będę piec (future neuter singular)
będziemy piekli (future plural virile)
będziemy piec (future plural virile)
będziemy piekły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy piec (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz piekł (future masculine singular)
będziesz piec (future masculine singular)
będziesz piekła (feminine future singular)
będziesz piec (feminine future singular)
będziesz piekło (future neuter singular)
będziesz piec (future neuter singular)
będziecie piekli (future plural virile)
będziecie piec (future plural virile)
będziecie piekły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie piec (future nonvirile plural)
będzie piekł (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie piec (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie piekła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie piec (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie piekło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie piec (future neuter singular third-person)
będą piekli (future plural third-person virile)
będą piec (future plural third-person virile)
będą piekły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą piec (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie piec się (future impersonal)
piekłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym piekł (conditional masculine singular)
piekłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym piekła (conditional feminine singular)
piekłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym piekło (conditional neuter singular)
pieklibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy piekli (conditional plural virile)
piekłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy piekły (conditional nonvirile plural)
piekłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś piekł (conditional masculine singular)
piekłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś piekła (conditional feminine singular)
piekłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś piekło (conditional neuter singular)
pieklibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście piekli (conditional plural virile)
piekłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście piekły (conditional nonvirile plural)
piekłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by piekł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
piekłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by piekła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
piekłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by piekło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
piekliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by piekli (conditional plural third-person virile)
piekłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by piekły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
pieczono by (conditional impersonal)
niech piekę (imperative singular)
pieczmy (imperative plural)
piecz (imperative singular)
pieczcie (imperative plural)
niech piecze (imperative singular third-person)
niech pieką (imperative plural third-person)
piekący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
piekąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
piekące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
piekący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
piekące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
pieczony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
pieczona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
pieczone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
pieczeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
pieczone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
piekąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
pieczenie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish piec, from Proto-Slavic *peťì (stem *pek-), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektei, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti, from the root *pekʷ- (“to cook”). Cognate with Latin coquo, English cook.

(intransitive) to burn, to sting, to smart


autokar

autokar (nominative singular)
autokary (nominative plural)
autokaru (genitive singular)
autokarów (genitive plural)
autokarowi (dative singular)
autokarom (dative plural)
autokar (accusative singular)
autokary (accusative plural)
autokarem (instrumental singular)
autokarami (instrumental plural)
autokarze (locative singular)
autokarach (locative plural)
autokarze (singular vocative)
autokary (plural vocative)


taczka

taczka (nominative singular)
taczki (nominative plural)
taczki (genitive singular)
taczek (genitive plural)
taczce (dative singular)
taczkom (dative plural)
taczkę (accusative singular)
taczki (accusative plural)
taczką (instrumental singular)
taczkami (instrumental plural)
taczce (locative singular)
taczkach (locative plural)
taczko (singular vocative)
taczki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish taczka, from Proto-Slavic *tačati + -ka.


gąsienica

gąsienica f (diminutive gąsieniczka, related adjective gąsienicowy or gąsieniczy)

gąsieniczka (diminutive)
gąsienicowy (adjective)
gąsieniczy (adjective)
gąsienica (nominative singular)
gąsienice (nominative plural)
gąsienicy (genitive singular)
gąsienic (genitive plural)
gąsienicy (dative singular)
gąsienicom (dative plural)
gąsienicę (accusative singular)
gąsienice (accusative plural)
gąsienicą (instrumental singular)
gąsienicami (instrumental plural)
gąsienicy (locative singular)
gąsienicach (locative plural)
gąsienico (singular vocative)
gąsienice (plural vocative)

/ɡɔɲ.ɕɛˈɲi.t͡sa/

Inherited from Old Polish wąsienica. The initial g- is prothetic or by conflation with Proto-Slavic *gušterica (“lizard”). Compare Bulgarian гъсе́ница (gǎsénica), Czech housenka, Lower Sorbian guseńca, Macedonian гасеница (gasenica), Old Church Slavonic юсеница (jusenica), Russian гу́сеница (gúsenica), Serbo-Croatian gȕsenica, Slovak husenica, Slovene gosẹ̑nica, Ukrainian гу́сениця (húsenycja), and Upper Sorbian husańca.

(entomology, lepidopterology) caterpillar, leafworm (larva of a butterfly or moth)


turbina

turbinka (diminutive)
turbina (nominative singular)
turbiny (nominative plural)
turbiny (genitive singular)
turbin (genitive plural)
turbinie (dative singular)
turbinom (dative plural)
turbinę (accusative singular)
turbiny (accusative plural)
turbiną (instrumental singular)
turbinami (instrumental plural)
turbinie (locative singular)
turbinach (locative plural)
turbino (singular vocative)
turbiny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English turbine, French turbine, German Turbine, ultimately from Latin turbinis.


żuraw

żuraw (nominative singular)
żurawie (nominative plural)
żurawia (genitive singular)
żurawi (genitive plural)
żurawiowi (dative singular)
żurawiom (dative plural)
żuraw (accusative singular)
żurawie (accusative plural)
żurawiem (instrumental singular)
żurawiami (instrumental plural)
żurawiu (locative singular)
żurawiach (locative plural)
żurawiu (singular vocative)
żurawie (plural vocative)


sanki

saneczki (diminutive)
sanki (nominative plural)
sanek (genitive plural)
sankom (dative plural)
sanki (accusative plural)
sankami (instrumental plural)
sankach (locative plural)
sanki (plural vocative)


pralka

pralka (nominative singular)
pralki (nominative plural)
pralki (genitive singular)
pralek (genitive plural)
pralce (dative singular)
pralkom (dative plural)
pralkę (accusative singular)
pralki (accusative plural)
pralką (instrumental singular)
pralkami (instrumental plural)
pralce (locative singular)
pralkach (locative plural)
pralko (singular vocative)
pralki (plural vocative)


kuchenka

kuchenka (nominative singular)
kuchenki (nominative plural)
kuchenki (genitive singular)
kuchenek (genitive plural)
kuchence (dative singular)
kuchenkom (dative plural)
kuchenkę (accusative singular)
kuchenki (accusative plural)
kuchenką (instrumental singular)
kuchenkami (instrumental plural)
kuchence (locative singular)
kuchenkach (locative plural)
kuchenko (singular vocative)
kuchenki (plural vocative)

(cooking) stove, hob, cooker (device for heating food)


lodówka

lodówka f (diminutive lodóweczka, augmentative lodówa)

lodóweczka (diminutive)
lodówa (augmentative)
lodówka (nominative singular)
lodówki (nominative plural)
lodówki (genitive singular)
lodówek (genitive plural)
lodówce (dative singular)
lodówkom (dative plural)
lodówkę (accusative singular)
lodówki (accusative plural)
lodówką (instrumental singular)
lodówkami (instrumental plural)
lodówce (locative singular)
lodówkach (locative plural)
lodówko (singular vocative)
lodówki (plural vocative)

Clangula hyemalis
Clangula hyemalis#Translingual

long-tailed duck, oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis)


suszarka

suszarka (nominative singular)
suszarki (nominative plural)
suszarki (genitive singular)
suszarek (genitive plural)
suszarce (dative singular)
suszarkom (dative plural)
suszarkę (accusative singular)
suszarki (accusative plural)
suszarką (instrumental singular)
suszarkami (instrumental plural)
suszarce (locative singular)
suszarkach (locative plural)
suszarko (singular vocative)
suszarki (plural vocative)

suszarka bębnowa

dryer (appliance that removes water from something)


statek

statek m inan (diminutive stateczek, related adjective statkowy)

stateczek (diminutive)
statkowy (adjective)
statek (nominative singular)
statki (nominative plural)
statku (genitive singular)
statków (genitive plural)
statkowi (dative singular)
statkom (dative plural)
statek (accusative singular)
statki (accusative plural)
statkiem (instrumental singular)
statkami (instrumental plural)
statku (locative singular)
statkach (locative plural)
statku (singular vocative)
statki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish statek. Sense 1 is from sense 2; compare English vessel.

(obsolete) sedateness, calm; settling down; seriousness; takt


kuchnia

kuchnia f (diminutive kuchenka, related adjective kuchenny)

kuchenka (diminutive)
kuchenny (adjective)
kuchnia (nominative singular)
kuchnie (nominative plural)
kuchni (genitive singular)
kuchni (genitive plural)
kuchni (dative singular)
kuchniom (dative plural)
kuchnię (accusative singular)
kuchnie (accusative plural)
kuchnią (instrumental singular)
kuchniami (instrumental plural)
kuchni (locative singular)
kuchniach (locative plural)
kuchnio (singular vocative)
kuchnie (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: ку́хня (kúhnja)

desc

→ Kashubian: kùchniô (through Middle Polish)

→ Lower Sorbian: kuchnja

→ Macedonian: кујна (kujna)

→? Old Slovak: kuchňa

Pannonian Rusyn: кухня (kuxnja)

desctree

→ Russian: ку́хня (kúxnja)
→ Armenian: կուխնի (kuxni)
→ Bezhta: кухна (kuxna)
→ Chechen: кухни (kuxni)
→ Kildin Sami: кухня (kuxnja)
→ Kyrgyz: кухня (kuhnya)
→ Turkmen: kuhnýa
→ Yakut: куукуна (kuukuna)

→ Slovincian: kùchnja

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti
Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō
Latin coquō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *-os
Latin -us
Latin coquus
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnus
Latin coquīnus
Latin coquīna
Late Latin cocīnabor.
Proto-West Germanic *kukinā
Old High German chuhhinabor.
Old Polish kuchnia
Polish kuchnia
Inherited from Old Polish kuchnia.

etymon

(countable) kitchen (room or area for preparing food)

(countable) kitchen (people working in such a room)

(countable, cooking) stove, hob, cooker (device for heating food)

(countable, dated) kitchen; cafeteria (dining area in an institution where meals may be purchased, provided, or brought in from elsewhere)


kuchnia

(minced oath) damn (non-vulgar expression of contempt as a minced oath of kurwa)


guzik

guziczek (diminutive)
guzik (nominative singular)
guziki (nominative plural)
guzika (genitive singular)
guzików (genitive plural)
guzikowi (dative singular)
guzikom (dative plural)
guzik (accusative singular)
guziki (accusative plural)
guzikiem (instrumental singular)
guzikami (instrumental plural)
guziku (locative singular)
guzikach (locative plural)
guziku (singular vocative)
guziki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: гу́зік (húzik)

→ Ukrainian: ґу́дзик (gúdzyk)

button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener)

(colloquial) button (mechanical device activated by pressing)


klawisz

klawisz (nominative singular)
klawisze (nominative plural)
klawisza (genitive singular)
klawiszy (genitive plural)
klawiszowi (dative singular)
klawiszom (dative plural)
klawisz (accusative singular)
klawisze (accusative plural)
klawiszem (instrumental singular)
klawiszami (instrumental plural)
klawiszu (locative singular)
klawiszach (locative plural)
klawiszu (singular vocative)
klawisze (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin clāvis. Cognate with English clef.

key (a button on the keyboard of a musical instrument, on a typewriter or on a computer keyboard)


triera

triera (nominative singular)
triery (nominative plural)
triery (genitive singular)
trier (genitive plural)
trierze (dative singular)
trierom (dative plural)
trierę (accusative singular)
triery (accusative plural)
trierą (instrumental singular)
trierami (instrumental plural)
trierze (locative singular)
trierach (locative plural)
triero (singular vocative)
triery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τριήρης (triḗrēs).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) Ancient Greek trireme


tygrys

pl-noun

tygrys m animal (female equivalent tygrysica or tygrzyca, diminutive tygrysek, related adjective tygrysi or tygrysowy)

tygrysica (feminine)
tygrzyca (feminine)
tygrysek (diminutive)
tygrysi (adjective)
tygrysowy (adjective)
tygrys (nominative singular)
tygrysy (nominative plural)
tygrysa (genitive singular)
tygrysów (genitive plural)
tygrysowi (dative singular)
tygrysom (dative plural)
tygrysa (accusative singular)
tygrysy (accusative plural)
tygrysem (instrumental singular)
tygrysami (instrumental plural)
tygrysie (locative singular)
tygrysach (locative plural)
tygrysie (singular vocative)
tygrysy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tigris. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English tiger. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from German Tiger.

sl

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


zegar

pl-noun

zegar m inan (diminutive zegarek, related adjective zegarowy)

zegarek (diminutive)
zegarowy (adjective)
zegar (nominative singular)
zegary (nominative plural)
zegara (genitive singular)
zegarów (genitive plural)
zegarowi (dative singular)
zegarom (dative plural)
zegar (accusative singular)
zegary (accusative plural)
zegarem (instrumental singular)
zegarami (instrumental plural)
zegarze (locative singular)
zegarach (locative plural)
zegarze (singular vocative)
zegary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zeger. Compare German Seiger, Hungarian cseger, and Yiddish זייגער (zeyger). Compare also German Zeiger, which is etymologically unrelated but may have contributed to the semantic development.

clock (chronometer, an instrument that measures time, particularly the time of day)


towar

towar m inan (diminutive towarek, related adjective towarowy)

towarek (diminutive)
towarowy (adjective)
towar (nominative singular)
towary (nominative plural)
towaru (genitive singular)
towarów (genitive plural)
towarowi (dative singular)
towarom (dative plural)
towar (accusative singular)
towary (accusative plural)
towarem (instrumental singular)
towarami (instrumental plural)
towarze (locative singular)
towarach (locative plural)
towarze (singular vocative)
towary (plural vocative)

(colloquial) cargo train, freight train, goods train

(forestry) framed wood with a sharp edge


skuter

skuterek (diminutive)
skuter (nominative singular)
skutery (nominative plural)
skutera (genitive singular)
skuterów (genitive plural)
skuterowi (dative singular)
skuterom (dative plural)
skuter (accusative singular)
skutery (accusative plural)
skuterem (instrumental singular)
skuterami (instrumental plural)
skuterze (locative singular)
skuterach (locative plural)
skuterze (singular vocative)
skutery (plural vocative)


talerz

talerzyk (diminutive)
talerz (nominative singular)
talerze (nominative plural)
talerza (genitive singular)
talerzy (genitive plural)
talerzowi (dative singular)
talerzom (dative plural)
talerz (accusative singular)
talerze (accusative plural)
talerzem (instrumental singular)
talerzami (instrumental plural)
talerzu (locative singular)
talerzach (locative plural)
talerzu (singular vocative)
talerze (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: тале́рка (taljérka)

→ Russian: таре́лка (tarélka)

desc

→ Ukrainian: тарі́ль (tarílʹ), тарі́лка (tarílka)

Borrowed from Middle High German teller／teler／telier.

bor+

(computing) platter (disc part of a hard drive)


czajka

czajka (nominative singular)
czajki (nominative plural)
czajki (genitive singular)
czajek (genitive plural)
czajce (dative singular)
czajkom (dative plural)
czajkę (accusative singular)
czajki (accusative plural)
czajką (instrumental singular)
czajkami (instrumental plural)
czajce (locative singular)
czajkach (locative plural)
czajko (singular vocative)
czajki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čajьka. Sense 3 is presumed to be a semantic loan from Ukrainian ча́йка (čájka), given that this word, in any language but Ukrainian, is only put as an exotism for a vessel ascribed to the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Doublet of szajka.


łódź

łódka (diminutive)
łódeczka (diminutive)
łódź (nominative singular)
łodzie (nominative plural)
łodzi (genitive singular)
łodzi (genitive plural)
łodzi (dative singular)
łodziom (dative plural)
łódź (accusative singular)
łodzie (accusative plural)
łodzią (instrumental singular)
łodziami (instrumental plural)
łodzi (locative singular)
łodziach (locative plural)
łodzi (singular vocative)
łodzie (plural vocative)


ciężarówka

pl-noun

ciężarówka f (diminutive ciężaróweczka, augmentative ciężarówa)

ciężaróweczka (diminutive)
ciężarówa (augmentative)
ciężarówka (nominative singular)
ciężarówki (nominative plural)
ciężarówki (genitive singular)
ciężarówek (genitive plural)
ciężarówce (dative singular)
ciężarówkom (dative plural)
ciężarówkę (accusative singular)
ciężarówki (accusative plural)
ciężarówką (instrumental singular)
ciężarówkami (instrumental plural)
ciężarówce (locative singular)
ciężarówkach (locative plural)
ciężarówko (singular vocative)
ciężarówki (plural vocative)


koparka

koparka (nominative singular)
koparki (nominative plural)
koparki (genitive singular)
koparek (genitive plural)
koparce (dative singular)
koparkom (dative plural)
koparkę (accusative singular)
koparki (accusative plural)
koparką (instrumental singular)
koparkami (instrumental plural)
koparce (locative singular)
koparkach (locative plural)
koparko (singular vocative)
koparki (plural vocative)


czołg

czołg (nominative singular)
czołgi (nominative plural)
czołgu (genitive singular)
czołgów (genitive plural)
czołgowi (dative singular)
czołgom (dative plural)
czołg (accusative singular)
czołgi (accusative plural)
czołgiem (instrumental singular)
czołgami (instrumental plural)
czołgu (locative singular)
czołgach (locative plural)
czołgu (singular vocative)
czołgi (plural vocative)


ciągnik

ciągnik (nominative singular)
ciągniki (nominative plural)
ciągnika (genitive singular)
ciągników (genitive plural)
ciągnikowi (dative singular)
ciągnikom (dative plural)
ciągnik (accusative singular)
ciągniki (accusative plural)
ciągnikiem (instrumental singular)
ciągnikami (instrumental plural)
ciągniku (locative singular)
ciągnikach (locative plural)
ciągniku (singular vocative)
ciągniki (plural vocative)

/ˈt͡ɕɔŋɡ.ɲik/


taksówka

taksówka f (diminutive taksóweczka, related adjective taksówkowy)

taksóweczka (diminutive)
taksówkowy (adjective)
taksówka (nominative singular)
taksówki (nominative plural)
taksówki (genitive singular)
taksówek (genitive plural)
taksówce (dative singular)
taksówkom (dative plural)
taksówkę (accusative singular)
taksówki (accusative plural)
taksówką (instrumental singular)
taksówkami (instrumental plural)
taksówce (locative singular)
taksówkach (locative plural)
taksówko (singular vocative)
taksówki (plural vocative)

taxi (vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver)


żyrafa

żyrafa f (diminutive żyrafiątko, related adjective żyrafowy)

żyrafiątko (diminutive)
żyrafowy (adjective)
żyrafa (nominative singular)
żyrafy (nominative plural)
żyrafy (genitive singular)
żyraf (genitive plural)
żyrafie (dative singular)
żyrafom (dative plural)
żyrafę (accusative singular)
żyrafy (accusative plural)
żyrafą (instrumental singular)
żyrafami (instrumental plural)
żyrafie (locative singular)
żyrafach (locative plural)
żyrafo (singular vocative)
żyrafy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: żirafa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Italian giraffabor.
Middle French giraffe
French girafebor.
Polish żyrafa
Borrowed from French girafe.

etymon

(colloquial) long blender, designed to be held by hand, whose blending and mixing blades are located at the end of the handle


budzik

budzik (nominative singular)
budziki (nominative plural)
budzika (genitive singular)
budzików (genitive plural)
budzikowi (dative singular)
budzikom (dative plural)
budzik (accusative singular)
budziki (accusative plural)
budzikiem (instrumental singular)
budzikami (instrumental plural)
budziku (locative singular)
budzikach (locative plural)
budziku (singular vocative)
budziki (plural vocative)


trawnik

trawnik (nominative singular)
trawniki (nominative plural)
trawnika (genitive singular)
trawników (genitive plural)
trawnikowi (dative singular)
trawnikom (dative plural)
trawnik (accusative singular)
trawniki (accusative plural)
trawnikiem (instrumental singular)
trawnikami (instrumental plural)
trawniku (locative singular)
trawnikach (locative plural)
trawniku (singular vocative)
trawniki (plural vocative)


łopatka

łopatka (nominative singular)
łopatki (nominative plural)
łopatki (genitive singular)
łopatek (genitive plural)
łopatce (dative singular)
łopatkom (dative plural)
łopatkę (accusative singular)
łopatki (accusative plural)
łopatką (instrumental singular)
łopatkami (instrumental plural)
łopatce (locative singular)
łopatkach (locative plural)
łopatko (singular vocative)
łopatki (plural vocative)