be

From the phonetic pronunciation of the letter B/b.

The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


słownik

pl-noun

słownik m inan (diminutive słowniczek, related adjective słownikowy)

słowniczek (diminutive)
słownikowy (adjective)
słownik (nominative singular)
słowniki (nominative plural)
słownika (genitive singular)
słowników (genitive plural)
słownikowi (dative singular)
słownikom (dative plural)
słownik (accusative singular)
słowniki (accusative plural)
słownikiem (instrumental singular)
słownikami (instrumental plural)
słowniku (locative singular)
słownikach (locative plural)
słowniku (singular vocative)
słowniki (plural vocative)

From słowo + -nik. Compare Czech slovník, Slovak slovník.


stylus

stylus (nominative singular)
stylusy (nominative plural)
stylusu (genitive singular)
stylusów (genitive plural)
stylusowi (dative singular)
stylusom (dative plural)
stylus (accusative singular)
stylusy (accusative plural)
stylusem (instrumental singular)
stylusami (instrumental plural)
stylusie (locative singular)
stylusach (locative plural)
stylusie (singular vocative)
stylusy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos).

lbor

(historical) stylus (ancient writing implement consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on clay)


pi

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πεῖ (peî), from Phoenician 𐤐 (p /pē/).


symbol

symbol (nominative singular)
symbole (nominative plural)
symbolu (genitive singular)
symboli (genitive plural)
symbolów (genitive plural)
symbolowi (dative singular)
symbolom (dative plural)
symbol (accusative singular)
symbole (accusative plural)
symbolem (instrumental singular)
symbolami (instrumental plural)
symbolu (locative singular)
symbolach (locative plural)
symbolu (singular vocative)
symbole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French symbole, from Latin symbolum, from Ancient Greek σῠ́μβολον (sŭ́mbolon).


my

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μῦ (mû), from Phoenician 𐤌 (m /mēm/).


minister

pl-noun

minister m pers (female equivalent minister or ministerka, abbreviation min.)

minister (feminine)
ministerka (feminine)
min. (abbreviation)
minister (nominative singular)
ministrowie (nominative plural)
ministry (derogatory nominative plural)
ministra (genitive singular)
ministrów (genitive plural)
ministrowi (dative singular)
ministrom (dative plural)
ministra (accusative singular)
ministrów (accusative plural)
ministrem (instrumental singular)
ministrami (instrumental plural)
ministrze (locative singular)
ministrach (locative plural)
ministrze (singular vocative)
ministrowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish minister. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French ministre.

sl

(Middle Polish, biblical, expressive, paganism) priest of pagan cults


epigram

epigram (nominative singular)
epigramy (nominative plural)
epigramu (genitive singular)
epigramów (genitive plural)
epigramowi (dative singular)
epigramom (dative plural)
epigram (accusative singular)
epigramy (accusative plural)
epigramem (instrumental singular)
epigramami (instrumental plural)
epigramie (locative singular)
epigramach (locative plural)
epigramie (singular vocative)
epigramy (plural vocative)

(poetry) epigram (short, witty or pithy poem)


szkoła

pl-noun

szkoła f (diminutive szkółka, augmentative szkolisko)

szkółka (diminutive)
szkolisko (augmentative)
szkoła (nominative singular)
szkoły (nominative plural)
szkoły (genitive singular)
szkół (genitive plural)
szkole (dative singular)
szkołom (dative plural)
szkołę (accusative singular)
szkoły (accusative plural)
szkołą (instrumental singular)
szkołami (instrumental plural)
szkole (locative singular)
szkołach (locative plural)
szkoło (singular vocative)
szkoły (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: szkòła

→ Slovincian: szkôla

Inherited from Old Polish szkoła. Doublet of schola.

school (education taking place in the building)

schooling, education (skills and abilities acquired at school)

school (particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; followers of a doctrine)

book for learning how to play an instrument


lead

lead (nominative singular)
leady (nominative plural)
leadu (genitive singular)
leadów (genitive plural)
leadowi (dative singular)
leadom (dative plural)
lead (accusative singular)
leady (accusative plural)
leadem (instrumental singular)
leadami (instrumental plural)
leadzie (locative singular)
leadach (locative plural)
leadzie (singular vocative)
leady (plural vocative)

(newspapers, journalism) lead paragraph, teaser, lead-in (start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)


kanji

kanji (Chinese characters in Japanese context)


list

list m inan (diminutive liścik, related adjective listowy)

liścik (diminutive)
listowy (adjective)
list (nominative singular)
listy (nominative plural)
listu (genitive singular)
listów (genitive plural)
listowi (dative singular)
listom (dative plural)
list (accusative singular)
listy (accusative plural)
listem (instrumental singular)
listami (instrumental plural)
liście (locative singular)
listach (locative plural)
liście (singular vocative)
listy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish list. Sense 3 was displaced by liść.

(obsolete) petal; slice; plaque; layer (long, flat piece of something)

(Middle Polish) sheet (long, flat piece of paper)


organ

organ m inan (related adjective organowy)

organowy (adjective)
organ (nominative singular)
organy (nominative plural)
organu (genitive singular)
organów (genitive plural)
organowi (dative singular)
organom (dative plural)
organ (accusative singular)
organy (accusative plural)
organem (instrumental singular)
organami (instrumental plural)
organie (locative singular)
organach (locative plural)
organie (singular vocative)
organy (plural vocative)

organ (larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions)

(in the plural) organ, pipe organ (largest of all musical instruments, played from an organ console which produces its sound by sending air through whistles and/or reeds called organ pipes, by direct mechanical action)

(in the plural) organ, pipe organ (electronic instrument designed to replicate the pipe organ)


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangi (nominative plural)
mangi (genitive singular)
mang (genitive plural)
mandze (dative singular)
mangom (dative plural)
mangę (accusative singular)
mangi (accusative plural)
mangą (instrumental singular)
mangami (instrumental plural)
mandze (locative singular)
mangach (locative plural)
mango (singular vocative)
mangi (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: anime

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


errata

errata (nominative singular)
erraty (nominative plural)
erraty (genitive singular)
errat (genitive plural)
erracie (dative singular)
erratom (dative plural)
erratę (accusative singular)
erraty (accusative plural)
erratą (instrumental singular)
erratami (instrumental plural)
erracie (locative singular)
erratach (locative plural)
errato (singular vocative)
erraty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin errāta (“mistaken things, mistakes”), neuter plural of errātus (“mistaken”).

lbor

(typography) errata (typeface whose letters slant to the right)


elf

elfik (diminutive)
elf (nominative singular)
elfy (nominative plural)
elfa (genitive singular)
elfów (genitive plural)
elfowi (dative singular)
elfom (dative plural)
elfa (accusative singular)
elfy (accusative plural)
elfem (instrumental singular)
elfami (instrumental plural)
elfie (locative singular)
elfach (locative plural)
elfie (singular vocative)
elfy (plural vocative)


prequel

prequel (nominative singular)
prequle (nominative plural)
prequela (genitive singular)
prequelu (genitive singular)
prequli (genitive plural)
prequlowi (dative singular)
prequlom (dative plural)
prequel (accusative singular)
prequle (accusative plural)
prequlem (instrumental singular)
prequlami (instrumental plural)
prequlu (locative singular)
prequlach (locative plural)
prequlu (singular vocative)
prequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English prequel.


sequel

sequel (nominative singular)
sequle (nominative plural)
sequela (genitive singular)
sequelu (genitive singular)
sequli (genitive plural)
sequlowi (dative singular)
sequlom (dative plural)
sequel (accusative singular)
sequle (accusative plural)
sequlem (instrumental singular)
sequlami (instrumental plural)
sequlu (locative singular)
sequlach (locative plural)
sequlu (singular vocative)
sequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sequel, from Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī.


beta

beta (nominative singular)
bety (nominative plural)
bety (genitive singular)
bet (genitive plural)
becie (dative singular)
betom (dative plural)
betę (accusative singular)
bety (accusative plural)
betą (instrumental singular)
betami (instrumental plural)
becie (locative singular)
betach (locative plural)
beto (singular vocative)
bety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta), from Phoenician 𐤁 (b /bēt/).


gamma

gamma (nominative singular)
gammy (nominative plural)
gammy (genitive singular)
gamm (genitive plural)
gammie (dative singular)
gammom (dative plural)
gammę (accusative singular)
gammy (accusative plural)
gammą (instrumental singular)
gammami (instrumental plural)
gammie (locative singular)
gammach (locative plural)
gammo (singular vocative)
gammy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). Doublet of gama.


delta

delta (nominative singular)
delty (nominative plural)
delty (genitive singular)
delt (genitive plural)
delcie (dative singular)
deltom (dative plural)
deltę (accusative singular)
delty (accusative plural)
deltą (instrumental singular)
deltami (instrumental plural)
delcie (locative singular)
deltach (locative plural)
delto (singular vocative)
delty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), from Phoenician 𐤃 (d /dalet/).


epsilon

epsilon (nominative singular)
epsilony (nominative plural)
epsilonu (genitive singular)
epsilonów (genitive plural)
epsilonowi (dative singular)
epsilonom (dative plural)
epsilon (accusative singular)
epsilony (accusative plural)
epsilonem (instrumental singular)
epsilonami (instrumental plural)
epsilonie (locative singular)
epsilonach (locative plural)
epsilonie (singular vocative)
epsilony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἒ ψιλόν (è psilón), from Phoenician 𐤄 (h).


eta

eta (nominative singular)
ety (nominative plural)
ety (genitive singular)
et (genitive plural)
ecie (dative singular)
etom (dative plural)
etę (accusative singular)
ety (accusative plural)
etą (instrumental singular)
etami (instrumental plural)
ecie (locative singular)
etach (locative plural)
eto (singular vocative)
ety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἦτα (êta), from Phoenician 𐤇 (ḥ /ḥēt/).


theta

theta (nominative singular)
thety (nominative plural)
thety (genitive singular)
thet (genitive plural)
thecie (dative singular)
thetom (dative plural)
thetę (accusative singular)
thety (accusative plural)
thetą (instrumental singular)
thetami (instrumental plural)
thecie (locative singular)
thetach (locative plural)
theto (singular vocative)
thety (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta), from Phoenician 𐤈 (ṭ /ṭēt/).


ampersand

ampersand (nominative singular)
ampersandy (nominative plural)
ampersandu (genitive singular)
ampersandów (genitive plural)
ampersandowi (dative singular)
ampersandom (dative plural)
ampersand (accusative singular)
ampersandy (accusative plural)
ampersandem (instrumental singular)
ampersandami (instrumental plural)
ampersandzie (locative singular)
ampersandach (locative plural)
ampersandzie (singular vocative)
ampersandy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English ampersand. First attested in the 20th century.


kappa

kappa (nominative singular)
kappy (nominative plural)
kappy (genitive singular)
kapp (genitive plural)
kappie (dative singular)
kappom (dative plural)
kappę (accusative singular)
kappy (accusative plural)
kappą (instrumental singular)
kappami (instrumental plural)
kappie (locative singular)
kappach (locative plural)
kappo (singular vocative)
kappy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάππα (káppa).


lambda

lambda (nominative singular)
lambdy (nominative plural)
lambdy (genitive singular)
lambd (genitive plural)
lambdzie (dative singular)
lambdom (dative plural)
lambdę (accusative singular)
lambdy (accusative plural)
lambdą (instrumental singular)
lambdami (instrumental plural)
lambdzie (locative singular)
lambdach (locative plural)
lambdo (singular vocative)
lambdy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda), from Phoenician 𐤋 (l /lāmed/).


rho

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥῶ (rhô), from Phoenician 𐤓 (r /rēš/).


omega

omega (nominative singular)
omegi (nominative plural)
omegi (genitive singular)
omeg (genitive plural)
omedze (dative singular)
omegom (dative plural)
omegę (accusative singular)
omegi (accusative plural)
omegą (instrumental singular)
omegami (instrumental plural)
omedze (locative singular)
omegach (locative plural)
omego (singular vocative)
omegi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga).


cherub

cherub (nominative singular)
cherubi (nominative plural)
cherubowie (nominative plural)
cheruby (nominative plural)
cheruba (genitive singular)
cherubów (genitive plural)
cherubowi (dative singular)
cherubom (dative plural)
cheruba (accusative singular)
cherubów (accusative plural)
cheruby (accusative plural)
cherubem (instrumental singular)
cherubami (instrumental plural)
cherubie (locative singular)
cherubach (locative plural)
cherubie (singular vocative)
cherubi (plural vocative)
cherubowie (plural vocative)
cheruby (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin cherūb, from Ancient Greek χερούβ (kheroúb), from Hebrew כְּרוּב (kerúv).


cherub

(figuratively, literary) Alternative form of cherubin


Daniel

Daniel (nominative singular)
Daniela (genitive singular)
Danielowi (dative singular)
Daniela (accusative singular)
Danielem (instrumental singular)
Danielu (locative singular)
Danielu (singular vocative)

(biblical) Daniel (prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


sigma

sigma (nominative singular)
sigmy (nominative plural)
sigmy (genitive singular)
sigm (genitive plural)
sigmie (dative singular)
sigmom (dative plural)
sigmę (accusative singular)
sigmy (accusative plural)
sigmą (instrumental singular)
sigmami (instrumental plural)
sigmie (locative singular)
sigmach (locative plural)
sigmo (singular vocative)
sigmy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σῖγμα (sîgma), from Phoenician 𐤔 (š /šīn/).


tau

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû), from Phoenician 𐤕 (t /taw/).


phi

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φεῖ (pheî).


chi

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).


psi

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψῖ (psî).


Tanach

Tanach (nominative singular)
Tanachu (genitive singular)
Tanachowi (dative singular)
Tanach (accusative singular)
Tanachem (instrumental singular)
Tanachu (locative singular)
Tanachu (singular vocative)


atlas

atlasik (diminutive)
atlas (nominative singular)
atlasy (nominative plural)
atlasu (genitive singular)
atlasów (genitive plural)
atlasowi (dative singular)
atlasom (dative plural)
atlas (accusative singular)
atlasy (accusative plural)
atlasem (instrumental singular)
atlasami (instrumental plural)
atlasie (locative singular)
atlasach (locative plural)
atlasie (singular vocative)
atlasy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas). Doublet of atlant.

(architecture) atlas (figure of a man used as a column)


drama

drama (nominative singular)
dramy (nominative plural)
dramy (genitive singular)
dram (genitive plural)
dramie (dative singular)
dramom (dative plural)
dramę (accusative singular)
dramy (accusative plural)
dramą (instrumental singular)
dramami (instrumental plural)
dramie (locative singular)
dramach (locative plural)
dramo (singular vocative)
dramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French drame, from Latin drama, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma). First attested in 1728. Doublet of dramat.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (13.06.2019) “DRAMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(drama) drama (composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue)


hymn

hymn (nominative singular)
hymny (nominative plural)
hymnu (genitive singular)
hymnów (genitive plural)
hymnowi (dative singular)
hymnom (dative plural)
hymn (accusative singular)
hymny (accusative plural)
hymnem (instrumental singular)
hymnami (instrumental plural)
hymnie (locative singular)
hymnach (locative plural)
hymnie (singular vocative)
hymny (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: гімн m inan (himn)

desctree

→ Russian: гимн m inan (gimn) (likely)
→ Armenian: հիմն (himn)
→ Bashkir: гимн (gimn)
→ Crimean Tatar: gimn
→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni), გიმნი (gimni) — informal, proscribed
→ Kazakh: gïmn
→ Kildin Sami: гӣммн (gīmmn)
→ Urum: гимн
→ Uzbek: gimn

→? Ukrainian: гімн m inan (himn)

Learned borrowing from Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).


poeta

pl-noun

poeta m pers (female equivalent poetka or poetessa)

poetka (feminine)
poetessa (feminine)
poeta (nominative singular)
poeci (nominative plural)
poety (derogatory nominative plural)
poety (genitive singular)
poetów (genitive plural)
poecie (dative singular)
poetom (dative plural)
poetę (accusative singular)
poetów (accusative plural)
poetą (instrumental singular)
poetami (instrumental plural)
poecie (locative singular)
poetach (locative plural)
poeto (singular vocative)
poeci (plural vocative)


ny

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû), from Phoenician 𐤍 (n /nūn/).


tom

pl-noun

tom m inan (diminutive tomik, augmentative tomisko or tomiszcze)

tomik (diminutive)
tomisko (augmentative)
tomiszcze (augmentative)
tom (nominative singular)
tomy (nominative plural)
tomu (genitive singular)
tomów (genitive plural)
tomowi (dative singular)
tomom (dative plural)
tom (accusative singular)
tomy (accusative plural)
tomem (instrumental singular)
tomami (instrumental plural)
tomie (locative singular)
tomach (locative plural)
tomie (singular vocative)
tomy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos).

volume (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)


agent

agent m pers (female equivalent agentka, diminutive agencik or agenciak)

agentka (feminine)
agencik (diminutive)
agenciak (diminutive)
agent (nominative singular)
agenci (nominative plural)
agenty (derogatory nominative plural)
agenta (genitive singular)
agentów (genitive plural)
agentowi (dative singular)
agentom (dative plural)
agenta (accusative singular)
agentów (accusative plural)
agentem (instrumental singular)
agentami (instrumental plural)
agencie (locative singular)
agentach (locative plural)
agencie (singular vocative)
agenci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Agent, from French agent, from Middle French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens. First attested in 1609.

agent literacki

(acting, literature) impresario, literary agent


ghostwriter

ghostwriter m pers (female equivalent ghostwriterka)

ghostwriterka (feminine)
ghostwriter (nominative singular)
ghostwriterzy (nominative plural)
ghostwritery (derogatory nominative plural)
ghostwritera (genitive singular)
ghostwriterów (genitive plural)
ghostwriterowi (dative singular)
ghostwriterom (dative plural)
ghostwritera (accusative singular)
ghostwriterów (accusative plural)
ghostwriterem (instrumental singular)
ghostwriterami (instrumental plural)
ghostwriterze (locative singular)
ghostwriterach (locative plural)
ghostwriterze (singular vocative)
ghostwriterzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ghostwriter.

ubor

ghostwriter (professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity)


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakany (genitive singular)
katakanie (dative singular)
katakanę (accusative singular)
katakaną (instrumental singular)
katakanie (locative singular)
katakano (singular vocative)

katakana (Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase; also used to write the Ainu language)


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.

(architecture, art, typography) ornament, adornment


hobbit

pl-noun

hobbit m animal or m pers (female equivalent hobbitka, related adjective hobbicki)

hobbit m animal or (canonical masculine person)
hobbitka (feminine)
hobbicki (adjective)
hobbit (nominative singular)
hobbity (nominative plural)
hobbita (genitive singular)
hobbitów (genitive plural)
hobbitowi (dative singular)
hobbitom (dative plural)
hobbita (accusative singular)
hobbity (accusative plural)
hobbitem (instrumental singular)
hobbitami (instrumental plural)
hobbicie (locative singular)
hobbitach (locative plural)
hobbicie (singular vocative)
hobbity (plural vocative)
hobbit (nominative singular)
hobbici (nominative plural)
hobbity (derogatory nominative plural)
hobbita (genitive singular)
hobbitów (genitive plural)
hobbitowi (dative singular)
hobbitom (dative plural)
hobbita (accusative singular)
hobbitów (accusative plural)
hobbitem (instrumental singular)
hobbitami (instrumental plural)
hobbicie (locative singular)
hobbitach (locative plural)
hobbicie (singular vocative)
hobbici (plural vocative)

(fantasy) hobbit, halfling (member of a fictional race of small humanoids with shaggy hair and hairy feet)


biblio-

biblio- + -mania → bibliomania


dystopia

dystopia (nominative singular)
dystopie (nominative plural)
dystopii (genitive singular)
dystopii (genitive plural)
dystopij (archaic genitive plural)
dystopii (dative singular)
dystopiom (dative plural)
dystopię (accusative singular)
dystopie (accusative plural)
dystopią (instrumental singular)
dystopiami (instrumental plural)
dystopii (locative singular)
dystopiach (locative plural)
dystopio (singular vocative)
dystopie (plural vocative)

(film, literature) dystopia (vision of a future that is a corrupted (usually beyond recognition) utopian society)


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiragany (genitive singular)
hiraganie (dative singular)
hiraganę (accusative singular)
hiraganą (instrumental singular)
hiraganie (locative singular)
hiragano (singular vocative)

hiragana (main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings)


umlaut

umlaut (nominative singular)
umlauty (nominative plural)
umlautu (genitive singular)
umlautów (genitive plural)
umlautowi (dative singular)
umlautom (dative plural)
umlaut (accusative singular)
umlauty (accusative plural)
umlautem (instrumental singular)
umlautami (instrumental plural)
umlaucie (locative singular)
umlautach (locative plural)
umlaucie (singular vocative)
umlauty (plural vocative)


alba

alba (nominative singular)
alby (nominative plural)
alby (genitive singular)
alb (genitive plural)
albie (dative singular)
albom (dative plural)
albę (accusative singular)
alby (accusative plural)
albą (instrumental singular)
albami (instrumental plural)
albie (locative singular)
albach (locative plural)
albo (singular vocative)
alby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Occitan alba. First attested in the 20th century.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

(historical, poetry) alba (genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry)


album

pl-noun

album m inan (diminutive albumik, related adjective albumowy)

albumik (diminutive)
albumowy (adjective)
album (nominative singular)
albumy (nominative plural)
albumu (genitive singular)
albumów (genitive plural)
albumowi (dative singular)
albumom (dative plural)
album (accusative singular)
albumy (accusative plural)
albumem (instrumental singular)
albumami (instrumental plural)
albumie (locative singular)
albumach (locative plural)
albumie (singular vocative)
albumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Album or French album. First attested in 1609.

ref

Jadwiga Chotkowska (11.06.2019) “ALBUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(music) album (group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group)

album, diary, journal (book with various photographical or written entries of memories)

(art) album, sketchbook, sketch pad (book or pad with blank pages for sketching)


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós).

der

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός

(literary, narratology) deus ex machina (contrived plot resolution)


monitor

pl-noun

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


tren

trenowy (adjective)
tren (nominative singular)
treny (nominative plural)
trenu (genitive singular)
trenów (genitive plural)
trenowi (dative singular)
trenom (dative plural)
tren (accusative singular)
treny (accusative plural)
trenem (instrumental singular)
trenami (instrumental plural)
trenie (locative singular)
trenach (locative plural)
trenie (singular vocative)
treny (plural vocative)

(poetry) threnody (poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person; a dirge; an elegy)


Adam

Adaś (diminutive)
Adam (nominative singular)
Adamowie (nominative plural)
Adama (genitive singular)
Adamów (genitive plural)
Adamowi (dative singular)
Adamom (dative plural)
Adama (accusative singular)
Adamów (accusative plural)
Adamem (instrumental singular)
Adamami (instrumental plural)
Adamie (locative singular)
Adamach (locative plural)
Adamie (singular vocative)
Adamowie (plural vocative)

From Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man, soil, light brown”).

der

a male given name, equivalent to English Adam


trema

trema, diaeresis (diacritic consisting of two dots (¨) placed over a letter, used among other things to indicate umlaut or diaeresis)


mag

mag (nominative singular)
magowie (nominative plural)
magi (derogatory nominative plural)
maga (genitive singular)
magów (genitive plural)
magowi (dative singular)
magom (dative plural)
maga (accusative singular)
magów (accusative plural)
magiem (instrumental singular)
magami (instrumental plural)
magu (locative singular)
magach (locative plural)
magu (singular vocative)
magowie (plural vocative)
magi (derogatory plural vocative)

(biblical, Christianity) Magus (one of the three Biblical Magi who visit Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh in homage to him)


atrament

pl-noun

atrament m inan (related adjective atramentowy)

atramentowy (adjective)
atrament (nominative singular)
atramenty (nominative plural)
atramentu (genitive singular)
atramentów (genitive plural)
atramentowi (dative singular)
atramentom (dative plural)
atrament (accusative singular)
atramenty (accusative plural)
atramentem (instrumental singular)
atramentami (instrumental plural)
atramencie (locative singular)
atramentach (locative plural)
atramencie (singular vocative)
atramenty (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, medicine) iron or tin medicinal compound


saga

sagowy (adjective)
saga (nominative singular)
sagi (nominative plural)
sagi (genitive singular)
sag (genitive plural)
sadze (dative singular)
sagom (dative plural)
sagę (accusative singular)
sagi (accusative plural)
sagą (instrumental singular)
sagami (instrumental plural)
sadze (locative singular)
sagach (locative plural)
sago (singular vocative)
sagi (plural vocative)


Romeo

Romeo (nominative singular)
Romeowie (nominative plural)
Romea (genitive singular)
Romeów (genitive plural)
Romeowi (dative singular)
Romeom (dative plural)
Romea (accusative singular)
Romeów (accusative plural)
Romeem (instrumental singular)
Romeami (instrumental plural)
Romeo (locative singular)
Romeach (locative plural)
Romeo (singular vocative)
Romeowie (plural vocative)

(uncountable) Romeo (one of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet)


abugida

abugida (nominative singular)
abugidy (nominative plural)
abugidy (genitive singular)
abugid (genitive plural)
abugidzie (dative singular)
abugidom (dative plural)
abugidę (accusative singular)
abugidy (accusative plural)
abugidą (instrumental singular)
abugidami (instrumental plural)
abugidzie (locative singular)
abugidach (locative plural)
abugido (singular vocative)
abugidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ge'ez አቡጊዳ (ʾäbugida). First attested in the 21st century.

Podstawowe pole badań nad pismem fonograficznym podzielone jest na cztery obszary grafemiczne: pisma głoskowe (alfabet), sylabiczne, abdżad oraz abugidę.

2018, Aleksandra Smoczyńska, “Grafemika jako dział językoznawstwa-rozważania teoretyczne i perspektywy badań interdyscyplinarnych”, in Linguistica Copernicana, volume 15, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN:

The basic field of the studies on phonographic writing is divided into four graphemic fields: vocalic writing (alphabet), syllabic, abjad, as well as abugida.


narrator

narrator m pers (female equivalent narratorka, related adjective narratorski)

narratorka (feminine)
narratorski (adjective)
narrator (nominative singular)
narratorzy (nominative plural)
narratory (derogatory nominative plural)
narratora (genitive singular)
narratorów (genitive plural)
narratorowi (dative singular)
narratorom (dative plural)
narratora (accusative singular)
narratorów (accusative plural)
narratorem (instrumental singular)
narratorami (instrumental plural)
narratorze (locative singular)
narratorach (locative plural)
narratorze (singular vocative)
narratorzy (plural vocative)

(narratology) narrator (one who narrates or tells stories)


Biblia

Biblia (nominative singular)
Biblii (genitive singular)
Biblii (dative singular)
Biblię (accusative singular)
Biblią (instrumental singular)
Biblii (locative singular)
Biblio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin biblia, from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía).

(Christianity) the Bible (Christian holy book)


Tolkien

Tolkien (nominative singular)
Tolkiena (genitive singular)
Tolkienowi (dative singular)
Tolkiena (accusative singular)
Tolkienem (instrumental singular)
Tolkienie (locative singular)
Tolkienie (singular vocative)


alfabet

alfabet (nominative singular)
alfabety (nominative plural)
alfabetu (genitive singular)
alfabetów (genitive plural)
alfabetowi (dative singular)
alfabetom (dative plural)
alfabet (accusative singular)
alfabety (accusative plural)
alfabetem (instrumental singular)
alfabetami (instrumental plural)
alfabecie (locative singular)
alfabetach (locative plural)
alfabecie (singular vocative)
alfabety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; borrowed from German Alphabet or French alphabet, ultimately from Latin alphabētum. First attested in 1624–1639.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (08.02.2018) “ALFABET”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

alphabet, ABC (rudimentary knowledge of a given field)


Babel

Learned borrowing from Latin Babel. Doublet of Babilon and Babilonia.

(biblical) Babel (city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible)


duma

duma (nominative singular)
dumy (nominative plural)
dumy (genitive singular)
dum (genitive plural)
dumie (dative singular)
dumom (dative plural)
dumę (accusative singular)
dumy (accusative plural)
dumą (instrumental singular)
dumami (instrumental plural)
dumie (locative singular)
dumach (locative plural)
dumo (singular vocative)
dumy (plural vocative)

dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)

dumka (literary work based on such a composition)


haiku

(poetry) haiku (Japanese poem in three lines, the first and last consisting of five morae, and the second consisting of seven morae, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme)

(poetry) haiku (three-line poem in any language, with five syllables in the first and last lines and seven syllables in the second, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme)


rondo

rondko (diminutive)
rondo (nominative singular)
ronda (nominative plural)
ronda (genitive singular)
rond (genitive plural)
rondu (dative singular)
rondom (dative plural)
rondo (accusative singular)
ronda (accusative plural)
rondem (instrumental singular)
rondami (instrumental plural)
rondzie (locative singular)
rondach (locative plural)
rondo (singular vocative)
ronda (plural vocative)


volta

volta (nominative singular)
volty (nominative plural)
volty (genitive singular)
volt (genitive plural)
volcie (dative singular)
voltom (dative plural)
voltę (accusative singular)
volty (accusative plural)
voltą (instrumental singular)
voltami (instrumental plural)
volcie (locative singular)
voltach (locative plural)
volto (singular vocative)
volty (plural vocative)


psalm

pl-noun

psalm m inan (related adjective psalmowy)

psalmowy (adjective)
psalm (nominative singular)
psalmy (nominative plural)
psalmu (genitive singular)
psalmów (genitive plural)
psalmowi (dative singular)
psalmom (dative plural)
psalm (accusative singular)
psalmy (accusative plural)
psalmem (instrumental singular)
psalmami (instrumental plural)
psalmie (locative singular)
psalmach (locative plural)
psalmie (singular vocative)
psalmy (plural vocative)

(biblical) psalm (one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship)


lament

lament (nominative singular)
lamenty (nominative plural)
lamentu (genitive singular)
lamentów (genitive plural)
lamentowi (dative singular)
lamentom (dative plural)
lament (accusative singular)
lamenty (accusative plural)
lamentem (instrumental singular)
lamentami (instrumental plural)
lamencie (locative singular)
lamentach (locative plural)
lamencie (singular vocative)
lamenty (plural vocative)


science fiction

science fiction n (indeclinable, abbreviation s.f. or SF)

Unadapted borrowing from English science fiction.

ubor

elementy science fiction

(literature) science fiction (genre of fiction)


science fiction

pl-adj

science fiction (not comparable, no derived adverb)

opowiadanie science fiction

(literature, postpositive, relational) science fiction (genre of fiction)


holocaust

holocaust (nominative singular)
holocausty (nominative plural)
holocaustu (genitive singular)
holocaustów (genitive plural)
holocaustowi (dative singular)
holocaustom (dative plural)
holocaust (accusative singular)
holocausty (accusative plural)
holocaustem (instrumental singular)
holocaustami (instrumental plural)
holocauście (locative singular)
holocaustach (locative plural)
holocauście (singular vocative)
holocausty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin holocaustum, from Ancient Greek ὁλόκαυστος (holókaustos).

lbor

(biblical, historical, literary, religion) burnt offering, holocaust (slaughtered animal burnt on an altar)


Baal

Baal (nominative singular)
Baala (genitive singular)
Baalowi (dative singular)
Baala (accusative singular)
Baalem (instrumental singular)
Baalu (locative singular)
Baalu (singular vocative)

(mythology, biblical) Baal (storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons)


fantasy

Unadapted borrowing from English fantasy. Doublet of fantazja.


oda

oda (nominative singular)
ody (nominative plural)
ody (genitive singular)
od (genitive plural)
odzie (dative singular)
odom (dative plural)
odę (accusative singular)
ody (accusative plural)
odą (instrumental singular)
odami (instrumental plural)
odzie (locative singular)
odach (locative plural)
odo (singular vocative)
ody (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōda, from Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ).


Pentateuch

Pentateuch (nominative singular)
Pentateuchu (genitive singular)
Pentateuchowi (dative singular)
Pentateuch (accusative singular)
Pentateuchem (instrumental singular)
Pentateuchu (locative singular)
Pentateuchu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πεντάτευχος (pentáteukhos).


kreska

pl-noun

kreska f (diminutive kreseczka, augmentative krecha, related adjective kreskowy)

kreseczka (diminutive)
krecha (augmentative)
kreskowy (adjective)
kreska (nominative singular)
kreski (nominative plural)
kreski (genitive singular)
kresek (genitive plural)
kresce (dative singular)
kreskom (dative plural)
kreskę (accusative singular)
kreski (accusative plural)
kreską (instrumental singular)
kreskami (instrumental plural)
kresce (locative singular)
kreskach (locative plural)
kresko (singular vocative)
kreski (plural vocative)

(orthography) diacritic closely resembling an acute accent


Gabriel

pl-prop

Gabriel m pers (female equivalent Gabriela, diminutive Gabryś)

Gabriela (feminine)
Gabryś (diminutive)
Gabriel (nominative singular)
Gabrielowie (nominative plural)
Gabriele (derogatory nominative plural)
Gabriela (genitive singular)
Gabrieli (genitive plural)
Gabrielowi (dative singular)
Gabrielom (dative plural)
Gabriela (accusative singular)
Gabrieli (accusative plural)
Gabrielem (instrumental singular)
Gabrielami (instrumental plural)
Gabrielu (locative singular)
Gabrielach (locative plural)
Gabrielu (singular vocative)
Gabrielowie (plural vocative)


horror

horror (nominative singular)
horrory (nominative plural)
horroru (genitive singular)
horrorów (genitive plural)
horrorowi (dative singular)
horrorom (dative plural)
horror (accusative singular)
horrory (accusative plural)
horrorem (instrumental singular)
horrorami (instrumental plural)
horrorze (locative singular)
horrorach (locative plural)
horrorze (singular vocative)
horrory (plural vocative)


parabola

parabola (nominative singular)
parabole (nominative plural)
paraboli (genitive singular)
paraboli (genitive plural)
parabol (genitive plural)
paraboli (dative singular)
parabolom (dative plural)
parabolę (accusative singular)
parabole (accusative plural)
parabolą (instrumental singular)
parabolami (instrumental plural)
paraboli (locative singular)
parabolach (locative plural)
parabolo (singular vocative)
parabole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin parabola. Doublet of parol.


Exodus

Exodus (nominative singular)
Exodusu (genitive singular)
Exodusowi (dative singular)
Exodus (accusative singular)
Exodusem (instrumental singular)
Exodusie (locative singular)
Exodusie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos).


summa

summa (nominative singular)
summy (nominative plural)
summy (genitive singular)
summ (genitive plural)
summie (dative singular)
summom (dative plural)
summę (accusative singular)
summy (accusative plural)
summą (instrumental singular)
summami (instrumental plural)
summie (locative singular)
summach (locative plural)
summo (singular vocative)
summy (plural vocative)

(historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)


cyberpunk

cyberpunk (nominative singular)
cyberpunku (genitive singular)
cyberpunkowi (dative singular)
cyberpunk (accusative singular)
cyberpunkiem (instrumental singular)
cyberpunku (locative singular)
cyberpunku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English cyberpunk.

ubor

(film, science fiction) cyberpunk (sci-fi subgenre)


cyberpunk

cyberpunk (nominative singular)
cyberpunki (nominative plural)
cyberpunka (genitive singular)
cyberpunków (genitive plural)
cyberpunkowi (dative singular)
cyberpunkom (dative plural)
cyberpunka (accusative singular)
cyberpunków (accusative plural)
cyberpunkiem (instrumental singular)
cyberpunkami (instrumental plural)
cyberpunku (locative singular)
cyberpunkach (locative plural)
cyberpunku (singular vocative)
cyberpunki (plural vocative)

(film, science fiction) cyberpunk (cyberpunk character, a hacker punk, a high-tech low life)


mimesis

Learned borrowing from Latin mīmēsis, from Ancient Greek μῑ́μησις (mī́mēsis).

(art, literature) mimesis (representation of aspects of the real world, especially human actions)


panorama

pl-noun

panorama f (related adjective panoramowy)

panoramowy (adjective)
panorama (nominative singular)
panoramy (nominative plural)
panoramy (genitive singular)
panoram (genitive plural)
panoramie (dative singular)
panoramom (dative plural)
panoramę (accusative singular)
panoramy (accusative plural)
panoramą (instrumental singular)
panoramami (instrumental plural)
panoramie (locative singular)
panoramach (locative plural)
panoramo (singular vocative)
panoramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panorama, French panorama, German Panorama, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὅραμα (hórama).

(film, literature) panorama (comprehensive presentation of an issue in a literary work or film) [with genitive ‘of what’]


sutra

sutra (nominative singular)
sutry (nominative plural)
sutry (genitive singular)
sutr (genitive plural)
sutrze (dative singular)
sutrom (dative plural)
sutrę (accusative singular)
sutry (accusative plural)
sutrą (instrumental singular)
sutrami (instrumental plural)
sutrze (locative singular)
sutrach (locative plural)
sutro (singular vocative)
sutry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”).

bor+

(literature) sutra (rule or thesis in Sanskrit grammar or Hindu law or philosophy)


notes

notesik (diminutive)
notes (nominative singular)
notesy (nominative plural)
notesu (genitive singular)
notesów (genitive plural)
notesowi (dative singular)
notesom (dative plural)
notes (accusative singular)
notesy (accusative plural)
notesem (instrumental singular)
notesami (instrumental plural)
notesie (locative singular)
notesach (locative plural)
notesie (singular vocative)
notesy (plural vocative)


Harry'ego /xaˈrɛ.ɡɔ/ — genitive case of Harry

Georges'em /ˈʐɔr.ʐɛm/

put before the declension suffix of a foreign name, if the preceding letter is silent


pastel

pl-noun

pastel m inan (related adjective pastelowy)

pastelowy (adjective)
pastel (nominative singular)
pastele (nominative plural)
pastelu (genitive singular)
pasteli (genitive plural)
pastelów (genitive plural)
pastelowi (dative singular)
pastelom (dative plural)
pastel (accusative singular)
pastele (accusative plural)
pastelem (instrumental singular)
pastelami (instrumental plural)
pastelu (locative singular)
pastelach (locative plural)
pastelu (singular vocative)
pastele (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural) pastel (paint in the form of a soft crayon, used to draw without clear contours)


decorum

decorum (nominative singular)
decora (nominative plural)
decorum (genitive singular)
decorów (genitive plural)
decorum (dative singular)
decorom (dative plural)
decorum (accusative singular)
decora (accusative plural)
decorum (instrumental singular)
decorami (instrumental plural)
decorum (locative singular)
decorach (locative plural)
decorum (singular vocative)
decora (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin decōrum. Doublet of dekoracja and dekorować.

(literature) decorum (principle of classical rhetoric, poetry, and theatrical theory concerning the fitness or otherwise of a style to a theatrical subject)


Samuel

Samuel (nominative singular)
Samuelowie (nominative plural)
Samuela (genitive singular)
Samuelów (genitive plural)
Samuelowi (dative singular)
Samuelom (dative plural)
Samuela (accusative singular)
Samuelów (accusative plural)
Samuelem (instrumental singular)
Samuelami (instrumental plural)
Samuelu (locative singular)
Samuelach (locative plural)
Samuelu (singular vocative)
Samuelowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Samuel, from Ancient Greek Σαμουήλ (Samouḗl), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁמוּאֵל (šəmūʾḗl).


e-book

e-book (nominative singular)
e-booki (nominative plural)
e-booka (genitive singular)
e-booków (genitive plural)
e-bookowi (dative singular)
e-bookom (dative plural)
e-book (accusative singular)
e-booki (accusative plural)
e-bookiem (instrumental singular)
e-bookami (instrumental plural)
e-booku (locative singular)
e-bookach (locative plural)
e-booku (singular vocative)
e-booki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English e-book.


bookcrossing

bookcrossing m inan (related adjective bookcrossingowy)

bookcrossingowy (adjective)
bookcrossing (nominative singular)
bookcrossingu (genitive singular)
bookcrossingowi (dative singular)
bookcrossing (accusative singular)
bookcrossingiem (instrumental singular)
bookcrossingu (locative singular)
bookcrossingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bookcrossing.

ubor

bookcrossing (practice of leaving a book in a public location to be found and read by others, who then do the same)


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(rhetoric, poetry) echolalia (stylistic device consisting of the repetition of identical or similar vocal groups solely in order to emphasise the rhythmic or melodic character of the text)


shojo

Borrowed from Japanese 少女 (shōjo, “a young woman”).

bor+

Poradnik podaje bardzo precyzyjnie - krok po kroku - metodę tworzenia scen i postaci charakterystycznych dla dziewczęcej, romantycznej mangi shojo. Można tu też znaleźć opis podstawowych materiałów i narzędzi używanych do tworzenia mangi.

2008 October 10, “Sztuka rysowania mangi. Shojo”, in Empik:

The guide gives a very precise, step-by-step method for creating scenes and characters characteristic of girlish, romantic shojo manga. There is also a description of basic materials and tools used to create manga.

shojo - czyli tytuły, które są skierowane dla dziewczynek mniej więcej od 7 do 18 roku życia, dotyczą one przede wszystkim relacji między bohaterami, czyli różnymi zawirowaniami miłosnymi

2021 July 22, “Jakie są rodzaje i gatunki anime?”, in Wywrota:

shojo - that is, titles that are aimed at girls more or less from 7 to 18 years old, they are mainly about the relationship between the characters, that is, various love turmoil

Shojo - jest to gatunek mangi, w którym bohaterką jest młoda, piękna dziewczyna. Fabuła przeważnie dotyczy zawodów miłosnych głównej bohaterki, która mimo przeciwieństw losu gotowa jest poświęcić dla miłości wszystko.

2022, “Manga;-)”, in 日本 ;-), archived from the original on 2022-02-06:

Shojo - is a genre of manga, in which the main character is a young, beautiful girl. The plot mostly concerns the love disappointments of the main character, who, despite the odds, is ready to sacrifice everything for love.


bestseller

bestseller (nominative singular)
bestsellery (nominative plural)
bestsellera (genitive singular)
bestselleru (genitive singular)
bestsellerów (genitive plural)
bestsellerowi (dative singular)
bestsellerom (dative plural)
bestseller (accusative singular)
bestsellery (accusative plural)
bestsellerem (instrumental singular)
bestsellerami (instrumental plural)
bestsellerze (locative singular)
bestsellerach (locative plural)
bestsellerze (singular vocative)
bestsellery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bestseller.


thriller

thriller (nominative singular)
thrillery (nominative plural)
thrillera (genitive singular)
thrillerów (genitive plural)
thrillerowi (dative singular)
thrillerom (dative plural)
thriller (accusative singular)
thrillery (accusative plural)
thrillerem (instrumental singular)
thrillerami (instrumental plural)
thrillerze (locative singular)
thrillerach (locative plural)
thrillerze (singular vocative)
thrillery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English thriller.


motto

motto (nominative singular)
motta (nominative plural)
motta (genitive singular)
mott (genitive plural)
mottu (dative singular)
mottom (dative plural)
motto (accusative singular)
motta (accusative plural)
mottem (instrumental singular)
mottami (instrumental plural)
motcie (locative singular)
mottach (locative plural)
motto (singular vocative)
motta (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian motto, from Latin muttum.

(literature) epigraph (literary quotation placed at the beginning of a text)


alfa

alfa (nominative singular)
alfy (nominative plural)
alfy (genitive singular)
alf (genitive plural)
alfie (dative singular)
alfom (dative plural)
alfę (accusative singular)
alfy (accusative plural)
alfą (instrumental singular)
alfami (instrumental plural)
alfie (locative singular)
alfach (locative plural)
alfo (singular vocative)
alfy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ /ʾālep/). First attested in 1533.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “alfa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

umieć alfę z betą (Middle Polish)


jota

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta), from Phoenician 𐤉 (y /yōd/).


Abraham

pl-prop

Abraham m pers (related adjective Abrahamowy or Abrahamowski)

Abrahamowy (adjective)
Abrahamowski (adjective)
Abraham (nominative singular)
Abrahamowie (nominative plural)
Abrahama (genitive singular)
Abrahamów (genitive plural)
Abrahamowi (dative singular)
Abrahamom (dative plural)
Abrahama (accusative singular)
Abrahamów (accusative plural)
Abrahamem (instrumental singular)
Abrahamami (instrumental plural)
Abrahamie (locative singular)
Abrahamach (locative plural)
Abrahamie (singular vocative)
Abrahamowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Ābrahām. Doublet of Abram.


Maria

pl-prop

Maria f (diminutive Marysia or Marynia or Mania, augmentative Marycha)

Marysia (diminutive)
Marynia (diminutive)
Mania (diminutive)
Marycha (augmentative)
Maria (nominative singular)
Marie (nominative plural)
Marii (genitive singular)
Marii (genitive plural)
Maryj (archaic genitive plural)
Marii (dative singular)
Mariom (dative plural)
Marię (accusative singular)
Marie (accusative plural)
Marią (instrumental singular)
Mariami (instrumental plural)
Marii (locative singular)
Mariach (locative plural)
Mario (singular vocative)
Marie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Marīa. Doublet of Maryja.

(uncountable, biblical, Christianity, dated) Mary (mother of Jesus)


opis

opis (nominative singular)
opisy (nominative plural)
opisu (genitive singular)
opisów (genitive plural)
opisowi (dative singular)
opisom (dative plural)
opis (accusative singular)
opisy (accusative plural)
opisem (instrumental singular)
opisami (instrumental plural)
opisie (locative singular)
opisach (locative plural)
opisie (singular vocative)
opisy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from opisać. Cognate with Czech opis (“copy”).


Dickens

Dickens (nominative singular)
Dickensa (genitive singular)
Dickensowi (dative singular)
Dickensa (accusative singular)
Dickensem (instrumental singular)
Dickensie (locative singular)
Dickensie (singular vocative)


Genesis

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Genesis. Doublet of geneza.


Joanna

Joasia (diminutive)
Asia (diminutive)
Joanna (nominative singular)
Joanny (nominative plural)
Joanny (genitive singular)
Joann (genitive plural)
Joannie (dative singular)
Joannom (dative plural)
Joannę (accusative singular)
Joanny (accusative plural)
Joanną (instrumental singular)
Joannami (instrumental plural)
Joannie (locative singular)
Joannach (locative plural)
Joanno (singular vocative)
Joanny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, biblical) Joanna (one of the women following Jesus)


Koran

Koran (nominative singular)
Koranu (genitive singular)
Koranowi (dative singular)
Koran (accusative singular)
Koranem (instrumental singular)
Koranie (locative singular)
Koranie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


Pan

Pan (nominative singular)
Pana (genitive singular)
Panu (dative singular)
Pana (accusative singular)
Panem (instrumental singular)
Panie (locative singular)
Panie (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity, theology) Lord (Jesus)


Panna

Panna (nominative singular)
Panny (genitive singular)
Pannie (dative singular)
Pannę (accusative singular)
Panną (instrumental singular)
Pannie (locative singular)
Panno (singular vocative)

(biblical, Christianity, theology) the Virgin, in particular Virgin Mary


Set

Set (nominative singular)
Seta (genitive singular)
Setowi (dative singular)
Seta (accusative singular)
Setem (instrumental singular)
Secie (locative singular)
Secie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Biblical Hebrew שת.

lbor

(biblical) Seth (third son of Adam and Eve)


Tora

Tora (nominative singular)
Tory (genitive singular)
Torze (dative singular)
Torę (accusative singular)
Torą (instrumental singular)
Torze (locative singular)
Toro (singular vocative)


rota

rote (kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy)


rota

(historical, military) rota (infantry or cavalry unit in Poland in the 16th–17th c.)

(historical, military) rota (row of soldiers in formation in Poland in the 18th c.)


rota

(firefighting) group of rescuers or firefighters consisting of two people


rota

rota (nominative singular)
roty (nominative plural)
roty (genitive singular)
rot (genitive plural)
rocie (dative singular)
rotom (dative plural)
rotę (accusative singular)
roty (accusative plural)
rotą (instrumental singular)
rotami (instrumental plural)
rocie (locative singular)
rotach (locative plural)
roto (singular vocative)
roty (plural vocative)

(law, Roman Catholicism) tribunal of appeal functioning under the Roman Curia


Abel

Abel (nominative singular)
Able (nominative plural)
Ablowie (nominative plural)
Abla (genitive singular)
Abli (genitive plural)
Ablowi (dative singular)
Ablom (dative plural)
Abla (accusative singular)
Abli (accusative plural)
Ablem (instrumental singular)
Ablami (instrumental plural)
Ablu (locative singular)
Ablach (locative plural)
Ablu (singular vocative)
Able (plural vocative)
Ablowie (plural vocative)


Wikisłownik

Wikisłownik (nominative singular)
Wikisłowniki (nominative plural)
Wikisłownika (genitive singular)
Wikisłowników (genitive plural)
Wikisłownikowi (dative singular)
Wikisłownikom (dative plural)
Wikisłownik (accusative singular)
Wikisłowniki (accusative plural)
Wikisłownikiem (instrumental singular)
Wikisłownikami (instrumental plural)
Wikisłowniku (locative singular)
Wikisłownikach (locative plural)
Wikisłowniku (singular vocative)
Wikisłowniki (plural vocative)

Partial calque of English Wiktionary. Compare Czech Wikislovník.

Wiktionary (collaborative project run by the Wikimedia Foundation to produce a free and complete dictionary in every language; the dictionaries, collectively, produced by that project)


hangul

hangul (nominative singular)
hangulu (genitive singular)
hangulowi (dative singular)
hangul (accusative singular)
hangulem (instrumental singular)
hangulu (locative singular)
hangulu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Korean 한글 (han'geul), from 한 (han) + 글 (geul).


Disney

pl-prop

Disney m pers (related adjective disnejowski)

disnejowski (adjective)
Disney (nominative singular)
Disneya (genitive singular)
Disneyowi (dative singular)
Disneya (accusative singular)
Disneyem (instrumental singular)
Disneyu (locative singular)
Disneyu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Disney.

Walt Disney (American animator, film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneur)

(metonymically) Disney (The Walt Disney Company, named after Walt Disney)


pismo

pisemko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismom (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismem (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

(countable, linguistics) script, writing system (system of graphemes used to record sounds or concepts; all letters making up a given alphabet)


Hiob

Hiob (nominative singular)
Hiobowie (nominative plural)
Hioba (genitive singular)
Hiobów (genitive plural)
Hiobowi (dative singular)
Hiobom (dative plural)
Hioba (accusative singular)
Hiobów (accusative plural)
Hiobem (instrumental singular)
Hiobami (instrumental plural)
Hiobie (locative singular)
Hiobach (locative plural)
Hiobie (singular vocative)
Hiobowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iob, from Ancient Greek Ἰώβ (Iṓb), from Biblical Hebrew אִיּוֹב (ʾiyyōḇ).

(biblical) Job (Biblical and Qur'anic character)


Talmud

Talmud m inan (related adjective talmudowy or talmudyczny)

talmudowy (adjective)
talmudyczny (adjective)
Talmud (nominative singular)
Talmudy (nominative plural)
Talmudu (genitive singular)
Talmudów (genitive plural)
Talmudowi (dative singular)
Talmudom (dative plural)
Talmud (accusative singular)
Talmudy (accusative plural)
Talmudem (instrumental singular)
Talmudami (instrumental plural)
Talmudzie (locative singular)
Talmudach (locative plural)
Talmudzie (singular vocative)
Talmudy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hebrew תַּלְמוּד (talmúd).

(Judaism) Talmud (collection of Jewish writings)


nota

nota (nominative singular)
noty (nominative plural)
noty (genitive singular)
not (genitive plural)
nocie (dative singular)
notom (dative plural)
notę (accusative singular)
noty (accusative plural)
notą (instrumental singular)
notami (instrumental plural)
nocie (locative singular)
notach (locative plural)
noto (singular vocative)
noty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nuta (“note, tone”).

note (diplomatic missive or written communication)


steampunk

steampunk (nominative singular)
steampunku (genitive singular)
steampunkowi (dative singular)
steampunk (accusative singular)
steampunkiem (instrumental singular)
steampunku (locative singular)
steampunku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steampunk.

ubor

(film, science fiction) steampunk (sci-fi subgenre)


realia

realia (nominative plural)
realiów (genitive plural)
realiom (dative plural)
realia (accusative plural)
realiami (instrumental plural)
realiach (locative plural)
realia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin realia, neuter plural of realis (“real”).

lbor

(literature, film) backstory, background


Julia

pl-proper noun

Julia f (male equivalent Juliusz, diminutive Jula or Julcia or Julka)

Juliusz (masculine)
Jula (diminutive)
Julcia (diminutive)
Julka (diminutive)
Julia (nominative singular)
Julie (nominative plural)
Julii (genitive singular)
Julii (genitive plural)
Julij (archaic genitive plural)
Julii (dative singular)
Juliom (dative plural)
Julię (accusative singular)
Julie (accusative plural)
Julią (instrumental singular)
Juliami (instrumental plural)
Julii (locative singular)
Juliach (locative plural)
Julio (singular vocative)
Julie (plural vocative)


tekst

pl-noun

tekst m inan (diminutive tekścik, related adjective tekstowy)

tekścik (diminutive)
tekstowy (adjective)
tekst (nominative singular)
teksty (nominative plural)
tekstu (genitive singular)
tekstów (genitive plural)
tekstowi (dative singular)
tekstom (dative plural)
tekst (accusative singular)
teksty (accusative plural)
tekstem (instrumental singular)
tekstami (instrumental plural)
tekście (locative singular)
tekstach (locative plural)
tekście (singular vocative)
teksty (plural vocative)

(literature) text (book, tome, or other set of writings)


rotunda

rotundowy (adjective)
rotunda (nominative singular)
rotundy (genitive singular)
rotundzie (dative singular)
rotundę (accusative singular)
rotundą (instrumental singular)
rotundzie (locative singular)
rotundo (singular vocative)

(uncountable, typography) rotunda (Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th century; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based)


Joel

Joel (nominative singular)
Joela (genitive singular)
Joelowi (dative singular)
Joela (accusative singular)
Joelem (instrumental singular)
Joelu (locative singular)
Joelu (singular vocative)

(biblical) Joel (prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


biblioteka

biblioteka f (diminutive biblioteczka, related adjective biblioteczny)

biblioteczka (diminutive)
biblioteczny (adjective)
biblioteka (nominative singular)
biblioteki (nominative plural)
biblioteki (genitive singular)
bibliotek (genitive plural)
bibliotece (dative singular)
bibliotekom (dative plural)
bibliotekę (accusative singular)
biblioteki (accusative plural)
biblioteką (instrumental singular)
bibliotekami (instrumental plural)
bibliotece (locative singular)
bibliotekach (locative plural)
biblioteko (singular vocative)
biblioteki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin bibliothēca.

lbor

library (special room in the apartment with shelves of books)


Eden

Eden (nominative singular)
Edenu (genitive singular)
Edenowi (dative singular)
Eden (accusative singular)
Edenem (instrumental singular)
Edenie (locative singular)
Edenie (singular vocative)

(biblical) Eden (garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(poetry) mora (a unit used to measure lines and stanzas of poetry)


bibliomania

bibliomania (nominative singular)
bibliomanii (genitive singular)
bibliomanii (dative singular)
bibliomanię (accusative singular)
bibliomanią (instrumental singular)
bibliomanii (locative singular)
bibliomanio (singular vocative)

From biblio- + -mania. First attested in 1819.


romans

romansik (diminutive)
romans (nominative singular)
romanse (nominative plural)
romansy (nominative plural)
romansu (genitive singular)
romansów (genitive plural)
romansowi (dative singular)
romansom (dative plural)
romans (accusative singular)
romanse (accusative plural)
romansy (accusative plural)
romansem (instrumental singular)
romansami (instrumental plural)
romansie (locative singular)
romansach (locative plural)
romansie (singular vocative)
romanse (plural vocative)
romansy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French romance, from Spanish romance, itself probably a borrowing from either Old French romanz or Old Occitan romans, from Vulgar Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus. Doublet of romansz.

(literature) romance novel (story or novel dealing with idealized love, usually with little artistic value)

(literature, historical) Ancient Greek novel, romaunt


marker

marker (nominative singular)
markery (nominative plural)
markera (genitive singular)
markerów (genitive plural)
markerowi (dative singular)
markerom (dative plural)
marker (accusative singular)
markery (accusative plural)
markerem (instrumental singular)
markerami (instrumental plural)
markerze (locative singular)
markerach (locative plural)
markerze (singular vocative)
markery (plural vocative)


fin de siècle

fin de siècle (nominative singular)
fin de siècle'u (genitive singular)
fin de siècle'owi (dative singular)
fin de siècle (accusative singular)
fin de siècle'em (instrumental singular)
fin de siècle'u (locative singular)
fin de siècle'u (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from French fin-de-siècle.

ubor

(art, historical, literature) fin de siècle (literary and artistic climate of modernism, world-weariness, and self-indulgence)


runa

pl-noun

runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany)

runiczny (adjective)
runicki (adjective)
runowy (adjective)
runiany (adjective)
runa (nominative singular)
runy (nominative plural)
runy (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runie (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runę (accusative singular)
runy (accusative plural)
runą (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runy (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, historical) rune (letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons)

(chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)


manna

manna f (related adjective manniany or mannowy)

manniany (adjective)
mannowy (adjective)
manna (nominative singular)
manny (nominative plural)
manny (genitive singular)
mann (genitive plural)
mannie (dative singular)
mannom (dative plural)
mannę (accusative singular)
manny (accusative plural)
manną (instrumental singular)
mannami (instrumental plural)
mannie (locative singular)
mannach (locative plural)
manno (singular vocative)
manny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin manna.

(biblical) manna (food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus)


jamb

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


kreda

kreda (nominative singular)
kredy (nominative plural)
kredy (genitive singular)
kred (genitive plural)
kredzie (dative singular)
kredom (dative plural)
kredę (accusative singular)
kredy (accusative plural)
kredą (instrumental singular)
kredami (instrumental plural)
kredzie (locative singular)
kredach (locative plural)
kredo (singular vocative)
kredy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kreide, from Middle High German krīde, from Old High German krīda, from Vulgar Latin *crēda, from Latin crēta. Doublet of Kreta.


xenia

xenia (nominative singular)
xenie (nominative plural)
xenii (genitive singular)
xenii (genitive plural)
xenij (archaic genitive plural)
xenii (dative singular)
xeniom (dative plural)
xenię (accusative singular)
xenie (accusative plural)
xenią (instrumental singular)
xeniami (instrumental plural)
xenii (locative singular)
xeniach (locative plural)
xenio (singular vocative)
xenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξενίᾱ (xeníā).

lbor

(poetry) Xenien (biting epigram in the form of a two-line poem)


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


moc

moc (nominative singular)
moce (nominative plural)
mocy (genitive singular)
mocy (genitive plural)
mocy (dative singular)
mocom (dative plural)
moc (accusative singular)
moce (accusative plural)
mocą (instrumental singular)
mocami (instrumental plural)
mocy (locative singular)
mocach (locative plural)
mocy (singular vocative)
moce (plural vocative)

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) host of heaven understood as an army of angels or as stars

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) heaven; sky

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) wealth, possessions

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) act, action; brave deed

(countable, Middle Polish, biblical) stern facial expression

(uncountable, Middle Polish, biblical) helmet


kenning

kenning (nominative singular)
kenningi (nominative plural)
kenningu (genitive singular)
kenningów (genitive plural)
kenningowi (dative singular)
kenningom (dative plural)
kenning (accusative singular)
kenningi (accusative plural)
kenningiem (instrumental singular)
kenningami (instrumental plural)
kenningu (locative singular)
kenningach (locative plural)
kenningu (singular vocative)
kenningi (plural vocative)

(poetry) kenning (metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way)


baj

baj (nominative singular)
baje (nominative plural)
baja (genitive singular)
bajów (genitive plural)
bajowi (dative singular)
bajom (dative plural)
baja (accusative singular)
bajów (accusative plural)
bajem (instrumental singular)
bajami (instrumental plural)
baju (locative singular)
bajach (locative plural)
baju (singular vocative)
baje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajь. By surface analysis, deverbal from bajać.

surf

(literature) in-story storyteller or narrator in children's literature (a narrator of a children's fable within the fable itself)


peon

peon (nominative singular)
peony (nominative plural)
peonu (genitive singular)
peonów (genitive plural)
peonowi (dative singular)
peonom (dative plural)
peon (accusative singular)
peony (accusative plural)
peonem (instrumental singular)
peonami (instrumental plural)
peonie (locative singular)
peonach (locative plural)
peonie (singular vocative)
peony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παιών (paiṓn).

lbor

(poetry) paeon (foot containing any pattern of three short syllables and one long syllable)


Absalom

Absalom (nominative singular)
Absalomowie (nominative plural)
Absaloma (genitive singular)
Absalomów (genitive plural)
Absalomowi (dative singular)
Absalomom (dative plural)
Absaloma (accusative singular)
Absalomów (accusative plural)
Absalomem (instrumental singular)
Absalomami (instrumental plural)
Absalomie (locative singular)
Absalomach (locative plural)
Absalomie (singular vocative)
Absalomowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Absālōm, from Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם. Compare Old Polish Absalon.

der

Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם


miscellanea

miscellanea (nominative plural)
miscellaneów (genitive plural)
miscellaneom (dative plural)
miscellanea (accusative plural)
miscellaneami (instrumental plural)
miscellaneach (locative plural)
miscellanea (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mīscellānea.

lbor

(literature) varia, miscellany (collection of diverse texts, thoughts, or notes collected in a publication)


esej

esej (nominative singular)
eseje (nominative plural)
eseju (genitive singular)
esejów (genitive plural)
esejowi (dative singular)
esejom (dative plural)
esej (accusative singular)
eseje (accusative plural)
esejem (instrumental singular)
esejami (instrumental plural)
eseju (locative singular)
esejach (locative plural)
eseju (singular vocative)
eseje (plural vocative)

essay (written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject)


Herod

Herod (nominative singular)
Heroda (genitive singular)
Herodowi (dative singular)
Heroda (accusative singular)
Herodem (instrumental singular)
Herodzie (locative singular)
Herodzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἡρῴδης (Hērṓidēs).


epilog

epilog (nominative singular)
epilogi (nominative plural)
epilogu (genitive singular)
epilogów (genitive plural)
epilogowi (dative singular)
epilogom (dative plural)
epilog (accusative singular)
epilogi (accusative plural)
epilogiem (instrumental singular)
epilogami (instrumental plural)
epilogu (locative singular)
epilogach (locative plural)
epilogu (singular vocative)
epilogi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin epilogus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos).

epilogue (a brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece)


pisać

pisać (infinitive)
piszę (present singular)
piszemy (plural present)
piszesz (present singular)
piszecie (plural present)
pisze (present singular third-person)
piszą (plural present third-person)
pisze się (impersonal present)
pisałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m pisał (masculine past singular)
pisałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m pisała (feminine past singular)
pisałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m pisało (neuter past singular)
pisaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy pisali (past plural virile)
pisałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy pisały (nonvirile past plural)
pisałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś pisał (masculine past singular)
pisałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś pisała (feminine past singular)
pisałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś pisało (neuter past singular)
pisaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście pisali (past plural virile)
pisałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście pisały (nonvirile past plural)
pisał (masculine past singular third-person)
pisała (feminine past singular third-person)
pisało (neuter past singular third-person)
pisali (past plural third-person virile)
pisały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
pisano (impersonal past)
będę pisał (future masculine singular)
będę pisać (future masculine singular)
będę pisała (feminine future singular)
będę pisać (feminine future singular)
będę pisało (future neuter singular)
będę pisać (future neuter singular)
będziemy pisali (future plural virile)
będziemy pisać (future plural virile)
będziemy pisały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy pisać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz pisał (future masculine singular)
będziesz pisać (future masculine singular)
będziesz pisała (feminine future singular)
będziesz pisać (feminine future singular)
będziesz pisało (future neuter singular)
będziesz pisać (future neuter singular)
będziecie pisali (future plural virile)
będziecie pisać (future plural virile)
będziecie pisały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie pisać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie pisał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie pisać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie pisała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie pisać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie pisało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie pisać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą pisali (future plural third-person virile)
będą pisać (future plural third-person virile)
będą pisały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą pisać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie pisać się (future impersonal)
pisałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym pisał (conditional masculine singular)
pisałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym pisała (conditional feminine singular)
pisałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym pisało (conditional neuter singular)
pisalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy pisali (conditional plural virile)
pisałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy pisały (conditional nonvirile plural)
pisałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś pisał (conditional masculine singular)
pisałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś pisała (conditional feminine singular)
pisałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś pisało (conditional neuter singular)
pisalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście pisali (conditional plural virile)
pisałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście pisały (conditional nonvirile plural)
pisałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by pisał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
pisałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by pisała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
pisałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by pisało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
pisaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by pisali (conditional plural third-person virile)
pisałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by pisały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
pisano by (conditional impersonal)
niech piszę (imperative singular)
piszmy (imperative plural)
pisz (imperative singular)
piszcie (imperative plural)
niech pisze (imperative singular third-person)
niech piszą (imperative plural third-person)
piszący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
pisząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
piszące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
piszący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
piszące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
pisany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
pisana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
pisane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
pisani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
pisane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
pisząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
pisanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish pisać. Cognate with English paint and picture.

co było, a nie jest, nie pisze się w rejestr

(intransitive, of objects) to write (to be used in writing; to be able to be used for writing)


Abram

Abram (nominative singular)
Abramowie (nominative plural)
Abrama (genitive singular)
Abramów (genitive plural)
Abramowi (dative singular)
Abramom (dative plural)
Abrama (accusative singular)
Abramów (accusative plural)
Abramem (instrumental singular)
Abramami (instrumental plural)
Abramie (locative singular)
Abramach (locative plural)
Abramie (singular vocative)
Abramowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Hebrew אַבְרָם. Doublet of Abraham.

(uncountable, biblical, Qur'an) Abraham (prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar)


Lidia

Lidia (nominative singular)
Lidie (nominative plural)
Lidii (genitive singular)
Lidii (genitive plural)
Lidyj (archaic genitive plural)
Lidii (dative singular)
Lidiom (dative plural)
Lidię (accusative singular)
Lidie (accusative plural)
Lidią (instrumental singular)
Lidiami (instrumental plural)
Lidii (locative singular)
Lidiach (locative plural)
Lidio (singular vocative)
Lidie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Lȳdia, from Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía), from Λυδός (Ludós), from Lydian *luwdja.

(Christianity) Lydia (biblical character)


poema

poema (nominative singular)
poemy (nominative plural)
poemy (genitive singular)
poem (genitive plural)
poemie (dative singular)
poemom (dative plural)
poemę (accusative singular)
poemy (accusative plural)
poemą (instrumental singular)
poemami (instrumental plural)
poemie (locative singular)
poemach (locative plural)
poemo (singular vocative)
poemy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin poēma. First attested in 1752.


Juda

Juda (nominative singular)
Judy (genitive singular)
Judzie (dative singular)
Judę (accusative singular)
Judą (instrumental singular)
Judzie (locative singular)
Judo (singular vocative)

(biblical) Judah (fourth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)

(biblical) Judah (one of the Israelite tribes)


Juda

(biblical) Judah (southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel)


mangaka

mangaka (nominative singular)
mangacy (nominative plural)
mangaki (genitive singular)
mangaków (genitive plural)
mangace (dative singular)
mangakom (dative plural)
mangakę (accusative singular)
mangaków (accusative plural)
mangaką (instrumental singular)
mangakami (instrumental plural)
mangace (locative singular)
mangakach (locative plural)
mangako (singular vocative)
mangacy (plural vocative)

(comics) mangaka (professional manga or anime artist)


ogonek

pl-noun

ogonek m inan (diminutive ogoneczek, related adjective ogonkowy)

ogoneczek (diminutive)
ogonkowy (adjective)
ogonek (nominative singular)
ogonki (nominative plural)
ogonka (genitive singular)
ogonków (genitive plural)
ogonkowi (dative singular)
ogonkom (dative plural)
ogonek (accusative singular)
ogonki (accusative plural)
ogonkiem (instrumental singular)
ogonkami (instrumental plural)
ogonku (locative singular)
ogonkach (locative plural)
ogonku (singular vocative)
ogonki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аго́нэк (ahónek)

→ English: ogonek

→ Esperanto: ogoneko

→ German: Ogonek

→ Russian: ого́нэк (ogónɛk)

→ Ukrainian: ого́нек (ohónek)

Ponieważ jednak znaczek "ł" nie występuję w iso-8859-1, a że uskuteczniam wymianę pocztową z zagranicznikami, postanowiłem, że nieoficjalnie imię będę pisał tak, jak w pisowni oryginalnej, tj. Tomislav (w dowodzie mam Tomisław), nazwisko zaś okroję z ogonka nad "ń".

1999 April 23, Andrzej Bigus, Ogolnie syf:

Because as it turns out the letter "ł" doesn't show up in iso-8859-1, and the fact I'm realizing the postal exchange with foreigners, I decided that I'll unoffocially write my name in its original orthography, that is Tomislav (on my ID I have Tomisław), and I cut out the diacritic over "ń" in my last name.

[…] dopisano ogonki, czyli znaki diakrytyczne, by oznaczyć takimi literami np. głoski ż, ś, ć, ę, ą.

2000, Kazimierz Ożog, editor, Polonistyka zintegrowana, page 60:

Ogoneks are added, in other words diacritic marks in order to mark them with these letters, e.g. the sounds ż, ś, ć, ę, ą.

Ten zawiera wszystkie potrzebne "ogonki", to znaczy ą, ę, ć, ł i tak dalej."

2003, Bartek Chaciński, Wypasiony słownik najmłodszej polszczyzny, page 91:

This one contains all the needed diacritics, that is ą, ę, ć, ł and so forth.

(orthography, by extension, nonstandard) any diacritical mark


ołówek

ołóweczek (diminutive)
ołówek (nominative singular)
ołówki (nominative plural)
ołówka (genitive singular)
ołówków (genitive plural)
ołówkowi (dative singular)
ołówkom (dative plural)
ołówek (accusative singular)
ołówki (accusative plural)
ołówkiem (instrumental singular)
ołówkami (instrumental plural)
ołówku (locative singular)
ołówkach (locative plural)
ołówku (singular vocative)
ołówki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ало́вак (alóvak)

→ Ukrainian: оліве́ць (olivécʹ)


Rebeka

Rebeka (nominative singular)
Rebeki (nominative plural)
Rebeki (genitive singular)
Rebek (genitive plural)
Rebece (dative singular)
Rebekom (dative plural)
Rebekę (accusative singular)
Rebeki (accusative plural)
Rebeką (instrumental singular)
Rebekami (instrumental plural)
Rebece (locative singular)
Rebekach (locative plural)
Rebeko (singular vocative)
Rebeki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Rebecca, from Biblical Hebrew רִבְקָה.

(biblical) Rebekah (sister of Laban and wife to Isaac)


Mahomet

Mahomet (nominative singular)
Mahometa (genitive singular)
Mahometowi (dative singular)
Mahometa (accusative singular)
Mahometem (instrumental singular)
Mahomecie (locative singular)
Mahomecie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Mahometus, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).


Balzac

Balzac (nominative singular)
Balzaca (genitive singular)
Balzacowi (dative singular)
Balzaca (accusative singular)
Balzaciem (instrumental singular)
Balzacu (locative singular)
Balzacu (singular vocative)

(literature) Alternative spelling of Balzak


metrum

metrum (nominative singular)
metra (nominative plural)
metrum (genitive singular)
metrów (genitive plural)
metrum (dative singular)
metrom (dative plural)
metrum (accusative singular)
metra (accusative plural)
metrum (instrumental singular)
metrami (instrumental plural)
metrum (locative singular)
metrach (locative plural)
metrum (singular vocative)
metra (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum. Doublet of metr.

(poetry) metre (rhythm or measure in verse)


Jezus

Jezusek (diminutive)
Jezus (nominative singular)
Jezusa (genitive singular)
Jezusowi (dative singular)
Jezusa (accusative singular)
Jezusem (instrumental singular)
Jezusie (locative singular)
Jezusie (singular vocative)
Jezu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsūs. Doublet of Jozue.

(biblical, Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí Faith) Jesus (Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians; held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


tetralogia

tetralogia f (related adjective tetralogiczny)

tetralogiczny (adjective)
tetralogia (nominative singular)
tetralogie (nominative plural)
tetralogii (genitive singular)
tetralogii (genitive plural)
tetralogij (archaic genitive plural)
tetralogii (dative singular)
tetralogiom (dative plural)
tetralogię (accusative singular)
tetralogie (accusative plural)
tetralogią (instrumental singular)
tetralogiami (instrumental plural)
tetralogii (locative singular)
tetralogiach (locative plural)
tetralogio (singular vocative)
tetralogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) tetralogy (set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

legend (story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events)

legend (story in which a kernel of truth is embellished to an unlikely degree)

legend (person with legend-like qualities, such as extraordinary accomplishment)

(heraldry) legend (inscription, motto, or title, especially one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon a heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration)

legend (instrumental piece of lyrical character, similar to a ballad)


apostrof

apostrof (nominative singular)
apostrofy (nominative plural)
apostrofu (genitive singular)
apostrofów (genitive plural)
apostrofowi (dative singular)
apostrofom (dative plural)
apostrof (accusative singular)
apostrofy (accusative plural)
apostrofem (instrumental singular)
apostrofami (instrumental plural)
apostrofie (locative singular)
apostrofach (locative plural)
apostrofie (singular vocative)
apostrofy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos). Doublet of apostrofa.

lbor

(orthography) apostrophe (the text character ’)


bibliografia

bibliografia (nominative singular)
bibliografie (nominative plural)
bibliografii (genitive singular)
bibliografii (genitive plural)
bibliografij (archaic genitive plural)
bibliografii (dative singular)
bibliografiom (dative plural)
bibliografię (accusative singular)
bibliografie (accusative plural)
bibliografią (instrumental singular)
bibliografiami (instrumental plural)
bibliografii (locative singular)
bibliografiach (locative plural)
bibliografio (singular vocative)
bibliografie (plural vocative)

From biblio- + -grafia. First attested in 1861.

bogata bibliografia

dokładna bibliografia

obszerna bibliografia

pełna bibliografia

szczegółowa bibliografia

wyczerpująca bibliografia

bibliografia czasopism

bibliografia druków

bibliografia książek

bibliografia prac

bibliografia tekstów

bibliografia obejmuje/zawiera coś

a bibliography includes/contains something

dołączyć bibliografię

przejrzeć bibliografię

umieścić/zamieścić bibliografię

uzupełnić bibliografię

bibliography (a section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work)

dzieje/historia bibliografii

interesować się bibliografią

zajmować się bibliografią

bibliography (the study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication)


biografia

biografia (nominative singular)
biografie (nominative plural)
biografii (genitive singular)
biografii (genitive plural)
biografij (archaic genitive plural)
biografii (dative singular)
biografiom (dative plural)
biografię (accusative singular)
biografie (accusative plural)
biografią (instrumental singular)
biografiami (instrumental plural)
biografii (locative singular)
biografiach (locative plural)
biografio (singular vocative)
biografie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English biography, French biographie, German Biografie, ultimately from Latin biographia, from Ancient Greek βιογραφία (biographía). By surface analysis, bio- + -grafia. First attested in 1784.

artystyczna biografia

polityczna biografia

bogata biografia

odmienne biografie

PRL-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish People's Republic

PZPR-owskie biografie

biographies of the Polish United Workers' Party

fragment biografii

zarys biografii

fakty z biografii

szczegóły z biografii

wydarzenia z biografii

przedstawić biografię kogoś

znać biografię kogoś

autoryzowana biografia

beletryzowana biografia

filmowa biografia

krótka biografia

obszerna biografia

oficjalne biografie

biografia autorstwa kogoś

biografia aktora

biografia artysty

biografia pisarza

biografie dowódców

biografie kompozytorów

biografie malarzy

biografie muzyków

biografie polityków

biografie zawodników

autor/autorka biografii

wznowienie biografii

biografia ukazała się

czytać biografię

pisać/napisać biografię

opracować biografię

opublikować biografię

polecać biografię

sfilmować biografię

wydać biografię

na podstawie biografii

biography (a published form of such a life story)


vademecum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vademēcum.


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

abracadabra, mumbo jumbo (complicated technical or other jargon)


minka

minka (nominative singular)
minki (nominative plural)
minki (genitive singular)
minek (genitive plural)
mince (dative singular)
minkom (dative plural)
minkę (accusative singular)
minki (accusative plural)
minką (instrumental singular)
minkami (instrumental plural)
mince (locative singular)
minkach (locative plural)
minko (singular vocative)
minki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) emoticon (graphical representation of a particular emotion of the writer, used especially in SMS, email, or other electronic communication)


skald

skald (nominative singular)
skaldowie (nominative plural)
skalda (genitive singular)
skaldów (genitive plural)
skaldowi (dative singular)
skaldom (dative plural)
skalda (accusative singular)
skaldów (accusative plural)
skaldem (instrumental singular)
skaldami (instrumental plural)
skaldzie (locative singular)
skaldach (locative plural)
skaldzie (singular vocative)
skaldowie (plural vocative)

(historical, poetry) skald (Nordic poet)


Elohim

Transliteration of Biblical Hebrew אלוהים.

translit

(biblical, Judaism, theology) Elohim (one of the alternate names of God found in the Old Testament)


Melchizedek

Melchizedek (nominative singular)
Melchizedka (genitive singular)
Melchizedkowi (dative singular)
Melchizedka (accusative singular)
Melchizedkiem (instrumental singular)
Melchizedku (locative singular)
Melchizedku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Melchisedech, from Ancient Greek Μελχισέδεκ (Melkhisédek), from Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq).

der

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq)

Melchizedek (king and priest mentioned in the book of Genesis; contemporary of Abraham)


wu

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


katabasis

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek κατάβασις (katábasis).

ubor

(literature, mythology) katabasis (mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld)


triolet

triolet (nominative singular)
triolety (nominative plural)
trioletu (genitive singular)
trioletów (genitive plural)
trioletowi (dative singular)
trioletom (dative plural)
triolet (accusative singular)
triolety (accusative plural)
trioletem (instrumental singular)
trioletami (instrumental plural)
triolecie (locative singular)
trioletach (locative plural)
triolecie (singular vocative)
triolety (plural vocative)


epizod

epizodzik (diminutive)
epizod (nominative singular)
epizody (nominative plural)
epizodu (genitive singular)
epizodów (genitive plural)
epizodowi (dative singular)
epizodom (dative plural)
epizod (accusative singular)
epizody (accusative plural)
epizodem (instrumental singular)
epizodami (instrumental plural)
epizodzie (locative singular)
epizodach (locative plural)
epizodzie (singular vocative)
epizody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

(art, colloquial, film, literature, theater) episode (instalment of a drama told in parts)


epitet

epitet (nominative singular)
epitety (nominative plural)
epitetu (genitive singular)
epitetów (genitive plural)
epitetowi (dative singular)
epitetom (dative plural)
epitet (accusative singular)
epitety (accusative plural)
epitetem (instrumental singular)
epitetami (instrumental plural)
epitecie (locative singular)
epitetach (locative plural)
epitecie (singular vocative)
epitety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épithète, from Middle French épithète, from Latin epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from ἐπι- (epi-) + τίθημι (títhēmi).

(rhetoric, poetry) epithet (term used to characterize a person or thing)


makulatura

makulatura (nominative singular)
makulatury (nominative plural)
makulatury (genitive singular)
makulatur (genitive plural)
makulaturze (dative singular)
makulaturom (dative plural)
makulaturę (accusative singular)
makulatury (accusative plural)
makulaturą (instrumental singular)
makulaturami (instrumental plural)
makulaturze (locative singular)
makulaturach (locative plural)
makulaturo (singular vocative)
makulatury (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.

(colloquial, literature) junk, trash (low-quality literature)


Gilead

Gilead (nominative singular)
Gileadu (genitive singular)
Gileadowi (dative singular)
Gilead (accusative singular)
Gileadem (instrumental singular)
Gileadzie (locative singular)
Gileadzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew גִּלְעָד (gil'ád).

bor+

(biblical) Gilead (a region east of the Jordan river in Israel)


varia

varia (nominative plural)
variów (genitive plural)
variom (dative plural)
varia (accusative plural)
variami (instrumental plural)
variach (locative plural)
varia (plural vocative)

(literature) varia, miscellany (collection of diverse texts, thoughts, or notes collected in a publication)


elegia

elegia (nominative singular)
elegie (nominative plural)
elegii (genitive singular)
elegii (genitive plural)
elegij (archaic genitive plural)
elegii (dative singular)
elegiom (dative plural)
elegię (accusative singular)
elegie (accusative plural)
elegią (instrumental singular)
elegiami (instrumental plural)
elegii (locative singular)
elegiach (locative plural)
elegio (singular vocative)
elegie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin elegīa, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγεία ᾠδή (elegeía ōidḗ, “an elegiac song”), from ἐλεγεία (elegeía), feminine of ἐλεγεῖος (elegeîos, “elegiac”), from ἔλεγος (élegos, “poem or song of lament”), perhaps from Phrygian.

der

(poetry) elegy (mournful or plaintive poem or song)

(music) elegy (composition of mournful character)


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


Kain

Kain (nominative singular)
Kaini (nominative plural)
Kainy (derogatory nominative plural)
Kaina (genitive singular)
Kainów (genitive plural)
Kainowi (dative singular)
Kainom (dative plural)
Kaina (accusative singular)
Kainów (accusative plural)
Kainem (instrumental singular)
Kainami (instrumental plural)
Kainie (locative singular)
Kainach (locative plural)
Kainie (singular vocative)
Kaini (plural vocative)


analfabeta

pl-noun

analfabeta m pers (female equivalent analfabetka)

analfabetka (feminine)
analfabeta (nominative singular)
analfabeci (nominative plural)
analfabety (derogatory nominative plural)
analfabety (genitive singular)
analfabetów (genitive plural)
analfabecie (dative singular)
analfabetom (dative plural)
analfabetę (accusative singular)
analfabetów (accusative plural)
analfabetą (instrumental singular)
analfabetami (instrumental plural)
analfabecie (locative singular)
analfabetach (locative plural)
analfabeto (singular vocative)
analfabeci (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Analphabet, French analphabète, or Italian analfabeta, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀναλφάβητος (analphábētos). Displaced Old Polish nieliterat. First attested in 1830.

ref

Rejestr do powszechnego prawa krajowego dla Państw Pruskich. (in Polish), 1830, page 7

(education) illiterate, illiterate person

(by extension) illiterate (person bad at a given task)