van

van (nominative singular)
vany (nominative plural)
vana (genitive singular)
vanów (genitive plural)
vanowi (dative singular)
vanom (dative plural)
van (accusative singular)
vany (accusative plural)
vanem (instrumental singular)
vanami (instrumental plural)
vanie (locative singular)
vanach (locative plural)
vanie (singular vocative)
vany (plural vocative)

van (covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus)


jacht

jacht (nominative singular)
jachty (nominative plural)
jachtu (genitive singular)
jachtów (genitive plural)
jachtowi (dative singular)
jachtom (dative plural)
jacht (accusative singular)
jachty (accusative plural)
jachtem (instrumental singular)
jachtami (instrumental plural)
jachcie (locative singular)
jachtach (locative plural)
jachcie (singular vocative)
jachty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch jacht, from jachtschip (“chase ship”), from jacht (“hunt”) + schip.


diesel

diesel (nominative singular)
diesle (nominative plural)
diesla (genitive singular)
diesli (genitive plural)
dieslowi (dative singular)
dieslom (dative plural)
diesel (accusative singular)
diesle (accusative plural)
dieslem (instrumental singular)
dieslami (instrumental plural)
dieslu (locative singular)
dieslach (locative plural)
dieslu (singular vocative)
diesle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Diesel, named after German inventor Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913).


bat

bat (nominative singular)
baty (nominative plural)
batu (genitive singular)
batów (genitive plural)
batowi (dative singular)
batom (dative plural)
bat (accusative singular)
baty (accusative plural)
batem (instrumental singular)
batami (instrumental plural)
bacie (locative singular)
batach (locative plural)
bacie (singular vocative)
baty (plural vocative)

Either borrowed from Swedish bat or Italian batto.


kara

kara (nominative singular)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
kar (genitive plural)
karze (dative singular)
karom (dative plural)
karę (accusative singular)
kary (accusative plural)
karą (instrumental singular)
karami (instrumental plural)
karze (locative singular)
karach (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
kary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1, kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).


jaguar

jaguar (nominative singular)
jaguary (nominative plural)
jaguara (genitive singular)
jaguarów (genitive plural)
jaguarowi (dative singular)
jaguarom (dative plural)
jaguara (accusative singular)
jaguary (accusative plural)
jaguarem (instrumental singular)
jaguarami (instrumental plural)
jaguarze (locative singular)
jaguarach (locative plural)
jaguarze (singular vocative)
jaguary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Jaguar. Genericized trademark.


prom

prom (nominative singular)
promy (nominative plural)
promu (genitive singular)
promów (genitive plural)
promowi (dative singular)
promom (dative plural)
prom (accusative singular)
promy (accusative plural)
promem (instrumental singular)
promami (instrumental plural)
promie (locative singular)
promach (locative plural)
promie (singular vocative)
promy (plural vocative)


bus

bus m animal or m inan (diminutive busik)

bus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
busik (diminutive)
bus (nominative singular)
busy (nominative plural)
busa (genitive singular)
busu (genitive singular)
busów (genitive plural)
busowi (dative singular)
busom (dative plural)
busa (accusative singular)
bus (accusative singular)
busy (accusative plural)
busem (instrumental singular)
busami (instrumental plural)
busie (locative singular)
busach (locative plural)
busie (singular vocative)
busy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) van (motor vehicle used to carry goods or, usually, up to 10 people)


omnibus

omnibus (nominative singular)
omnibusowie (nominative plural)
omnibusa (genitive singular)
omnibusów (genitive plural)
omnibusowi (dative singular)
omnibusom (dative plural)
omnibusa (accusative singular)
omnibusów (accusative plural)
omnibusem (instrumental singular)
omnibusami (instrumental plural)
omnibusie (locative singular)
omnibusach (locative plural)
omnibusie (singular vocative)
omnibusowie (plural vocative)

(humorous, literary) jack of all trades (a person with knowledge in multiple fields)


panda

panda (nominative singular)
pandy (nominative plural)
pandy (genitive singular)
pand (genitive plural)
pandzie (dative singular)
pandom (dative plural)
pandę (accusative singular)
pandy (accusative plural)
pandą (instrumental singular)
pandami (instrumental plural)
pandzie (locative singular)
pandach (locative plural)
pando (singular vocative)
pandy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panda, French panda, German Panda.


leopard

leopard (nominative singular)
leopardy (nominative plural)
leoparda (genitive singular)
leopardów (genitive plural)
leopardowi (dative singular)
leopardom (dative plural)
leoparda (accusative singular)
leopardy (accusative plural)
leopardem (instrumental singular)
leopardami (instrumental plural)
leopardzie (locative singular)
leopardach (locative plural)
leopardzie (singular vocative)
leopardy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English leopard, French léopard, German Leopard, ultimately from Late Latin leopardus, from Ancient Greek λεόπαρδος (leópardos). Doublet of lampart.

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual


trailer

trailer (nominative singular)
trailery (nominative plural)
trailera (genitive singular)
trailerów (genitive plural)
trailerowi (dative singular)
trailerom (dative plural)
trailer (accusative singular)
trailery (accusative plural)
trailerem (instrumental singular)
trailerami (instrumental plural)
trailerze (locative singular)
trailerach (locative plural)
trailerze (singular vocative)
trailery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English trailer.

ubor

trailer (unpowered wheeled vehicle that is towed behind another, and used to carry equipment, with the exception of a caravan)


auto

autko (diminutive)
auto (nominative singular)
auta (nominative plural)
auta (genitive singular)
aut (genitive plural)
autu (dative singular)
autom (dative plural)
auto (accusative singular)
auta (accusative plural)
autem (instrumental singular)
autami (instrumental plural)
aucie (locative singular)
autach (locative plural)
auto (singular vocative)
auta (plural vocative)


tender

tender (nominative singular)
tendry (nominative plural)
tendra (genitive singular)
tendrów (genitive plural)
tendrowi (dative singular)
tendrom (dative plural)
tender (accusative singular)
tendry (accusative plural)
tendrem (instrumental singular)
tendrami (instrumental plural)
tendrze (locative singular)
tendrach (locative plural)
tendrze (singular vocative)
tendry (plural vocative)

(rail transport) tender (railroad car towed behind a steam engine to carry fuel)

(nautical) tender (ship functioning as mobile base for other ships)


tramp

pl-noun

tramp m inan (related adjective trampowy)

trampowy (adjective)
tramp (nominative singular)
trampy (nominative plural)
trampa (genitive singular)
trampów (genitive plural)
trampowi (dative singular)
trampom (dative plural)
tramp (accusative singular)
trampy (accusative plural)
trampem (instrumental singular)
trampami (instrumental plural)
trampie (locative singular)
trampach (locative plural)
trampie (singular vocative)
trampy (plural vocative)

tramp steamer (commercial steamship that has no regular schedule or published ports of call)


bark

barkowy (adjective)
bark (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barku (genitive singular)
barków (genitive plural)
barkowi (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
bark (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barkiem (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barku (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barku (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English barque. First attested in the 20th century. Doublet of barka.


monitor

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(computer hardware) monitor, screen (output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form)


taxi

Unadapted borrowing from French taxi. First attested in the 20th century.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “taxi”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

(colloquial) taxi (vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver)


golf

golf (nominative singular)
golfy (nominative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfów (genitive plural)
golfowi (dative singular)
golfom (dative plural)
golfa (accusative singular)
golfy (accusative plural)
golfem (instrumental singular)
golfami (instrumental plural)
golfie (locative singular)
golfach (locative plural)
golfie (singular vocative)
golfy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Volkswagen Golf, a genericized trademark.


autobus

pl-noun

autobus m animal or m inan (diminutive autobusik, related adjective autobusowy)

autobus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
autobusik (diminutive)
autobusowy (adjective)
autobus (nominative singular)
autobusy (nominative plural)
autobusa (genitive singular)
autobusu (genitive singular)
autobusów (genitive plural)
autobusowi (dative singular)
autobusom (dative plural)
autobusa (accusative singular)
autobus (accusative singular)
autobusy (accusative plural)
autobusem (instrumental singular)
autobusami (instrumental plural)
autobusie (locative singular)
autobusach (locative plural)
autobusie (singular vocative)
autobusy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аўтобус (aŭtóbus)

Internationalism; compare French autobus, German Autobus, Russian авто́бус (avtóbus). By surface analysis, auto- + bus.

bus (motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads)


mikrobus

mikrobus m animal or m inan (diminutive mikrobusik, related adjective mikrobusowy)

mikrobus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
mikrobusik (diminutive)
mikrobusowy (adjective)
mikrobus (nominative singular)
mikrobusy (nominative plural)
mikrobusa (genitive singular)
mikrobusu (genitive singular)
mikrobusów (genitive plural)
mikrobusowi (dative singular)
mikrobusom (dative plural)
mikrobusa (accusative singular)
mikrobus (accusative singular)
mikrobusy (accusative plural)
mikrobusem (instrumental singular)
mikrobusami (instrumental plural)
mikrobusie (locative singular)
mikrobusach (locative plural)
mikrobusie (singular vocative)
mikrobusy (plural vocative)

minibus (small bus, usually for up to ten people)


trolejbus

trolejbus m inan (related adjective trolejbusowy)

trolejbusowy (adjective)
trolejbus (nominative singular)
trolejbusy (nominative plural)
trolejbusu (genitive singular)
trolejbusów (genitive plural)
trolejbusowi (dative singular)
trolejbusom (dative plural)
trolejbus (accusative singular)
trolejbusy (accusative plural)
trolejbusem (instrumental singular)
trolejbusami (instrumental plural)
trolejbusie (locative singular)
trolejbusach (locative plural)
trolejbusie (singular vocative)
trolejbusy (plural vocative)

trolley bus (bus, powered via overhead electric cables, that does not run on tracks)


tabor

tabor m inan (diminutive taborek, related adjective taborowy)

taborek (diminutive)
taborowy (adjective)
tabor (nominative singular)
tabory (nominative plural)
taboru (genitive singular)
taborów (genitive plural)
taborowi (dative singular)
taborom (dative plural)
tabor (accusative singular)
tabory (accusative plural)
taborem (instrumental singular)
taborami (instrumental plural)
taborze (locative singular)
taborach (locative plural)
taborze (singular vocative)
tabory (plural vocative)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
migu (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
mig (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(colloquial) sign of communication made with gestures or facial expressions

(linguistics) sign (specific gesture or motion used to communicate by those with speaking or hearing difficulties; now specifically, a linguistic unit in sign language equivalent to a word in spoken languages)

flash, jiffy (very short, unspecified length of time)


mig

migowy (adjective)
mig (nominative singular)
migi (nominative plural)
miga (genitive singular)
migów (genitive plural)
migowi (dative singular)
migom (dative plural)
miga (accusative singular)
migi (accusative plural)
migiem (instrumental singular)
migami (instrumental plural)
migu (locative singular)
migach (locative plural)
migu (singular vocative)
migi (plural vocative)

(aviation) MiG (any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft)


flak

flak m inan (diminutive flaczek, related adjective flakowy)

flaczek (diminutive)
flakowy (adjective)
flak (nominative singular)
flaki (nominative plural)
flaka (genitive singular)
flaków (genitive plural)
flakowi (dative singular)
flakom (dative plural)
flak (accusative singular)
flaki (accusative plural)
flakiem (instrumental singular)
flakami (instrumental plural)
flaku (locative singular)
flakach (locative plural)
flaku (singular vocative)
flaki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German vlëcke.

sausage casing made from animal intestine

(colloquial or dialectal, Kielce, Żywiec, chiefly in the plural, of human anatomy) entrails, guts, innards, intestines, viscera (internal organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities)


SUV

SUV m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
SUV (nominative singular)
SUV-y (nominative plural)
SUV-a (genitive singular)
SUV-ów (genitive plural)
SUV-owi (dative singular)
SUV-om (dative plural)
SUV (accusative singular)
SUV-a (accusative singular)
SUV-y (accusative plural)
SUV-em (instrumental singular)
SUV-ami (instrumental plural)
SUV-ie (locative singular)
SUV-ach (locative plural)
SUV-ie (singular vocative)
SUV-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English SUV.

SUV (SUV-like automobile built on a passenger car platform, e.g. the Pontiac Torrent)


motor

motorek (diminutive)
motor (nominative singular)
motory (nominative plural)
motoru (genitive singular)
motorów (genitive plural)
motorowi (dative singular)
motorom (dative plural)
motor (accusative singular)
motory (accusative plural)
motorem (instrumental singular)
motorami (instrumental plural)
motorze (locative singular)
motorach (locative plural)
motorze (singular vocative)
motory (plural vocative)


gondola

gondolka (diminutive)
gondola (nominative singular)
gondole (nominative plural)
gondoli (genitive singular)
gondoli (genitive plural)
gondoli (dative singular)
gondolom (dative plural)
gondolę (accusative singular)
gondole (accusative plural)
gondolą (instrumental singular)
gondolami (instrumental plural)
gondoli (locative singular)
gondolach (locative plural)
gondolo (singular vocative)
gondole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian gondola, from Venetan góndoła, probably from Byzantine Greek κοντούρα (kontoúra, “small tail”).

gondola (narrow boat, especially in Venice)


sputnik

sputnik m inan (related adjective sputnikowy)

sputnikowy (adjective)
sputnik (nominative singular)
sputniki (nominative plural)
sputnika (genitive singular)
sputników (genitive plural)
sputnikowi (dative singular)
sputnikom (dative plural)
sputnik (accusative singular)
sputniki (accusative plural)
sputnikiem (instrumental singular)
sputnikami (instrumental plural)
sputniku (locative singular)
sputnikach (locative plural)
sputniku (singular vocative)
sputniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian спу́тник (spútnik).

bor+

(historical) sputnik (Soviet robotic space satellite)


wagon

wagon (nominative singular)
wagony (nominative plural)
wagonu (genitive singular)
wagonów (genitive plural)
wagonowi (dative singular)
wagonom (dative plural)
wagon (accusative singular)
wagony (accusative plural)
wagonem (instrumental singular)
wagonami (instrumental plural)
wagonie (locative singular)
wagonach (locative plural)
wagonie (singular vocative)
wagony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen, from Old Dutch *wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-.

(rail transport) car, railroad car (nonpowered unit in a railroad train)


telega

teleżka (diminutive)
telega (nominative singular)
telegi (nominative plural)
telegi (genitive singular)
teleg (genitive plural)
teledze (dative singular)
telegom (dative plural)
telegę (accusative singular)
telegi (accusative plural)
telegą (instrumental singular)
telegami (instrumental plural)
teledze (locative singular)
telegach (locative plural)
telego (singular vocative)
telegi (plural vocative)

Dwie telegi tego rodzaju zastaliśmy przed więzieniem w wewnętrznym jego dziedzińcu[…]

1876, Konstanty Wolicki, Wspomnienia z czasów pobytu w cytadeli warszawskiej i na Syberyi. (Erinnerungen aus den Zeiten des Aufenthaltes in der Warschauer Cittadelle und in Sibirien.), page 57:

We found two telegas of this kind in front of the prison in its inner courtyard […]

(historical) telega (simple four-wheeled Russian cart without springs)


spoiler

spoiler (nominative singular)
spoilery (nominative plural)
spoilera (genitive singular)
spoilerów (genitive plural)
spoilerowi (dative singular)
spoilerom (dative plural)
spoiler (accusative singular)
spoilery (accusative plural)
spoilerem (instrumental singular)
spoilerami (instrumental plural)
spoilerze (locative singular)
spoilerach (locative plural)
spoilerze (singular vocative)
spoilery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English spoiler.

ubor

(aeronautics) spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase drag)

spoiler (device to reduce lift and increase downforce)

(colloquial, media) spoiler (document, review, or comment that discloses the ending or some key surprise or twist in a story, or the internal rules controlling the behaviour of a video game, etc.)


quad

quad (nominative singular)
quady (nominative plural)
quada (genitive singular)
quadów (genitive plural)
quadowi (dative singular)
quadom (dative plural)
quad (accusative singular)
quady (accusative plural)
quadem (instrumental singular)
quadami (instrumental plural)
quadzie (locative singular)
quadach (locative plural)
quadzie (singular vocative)
quady (plural vocative)


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopu (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskop (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τηλεσκόπος (tēleskópos, “far-seeing”); from τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

lbor

(colloquial, vehicles) telescopic shock absorber


San

San (nominative singular)
Sana (genitive singular)
Sanowi (dative singular)
Sana (accusative singular)
Sanem (instrumental singular)
Sanie (locative singular)
Sanie (singular vocative)


automobil

pl-noun

automobil m inan (related adjective automobilowy)

automobilowy (adjective)
automobil (nominative singular)
automobile (nominative plural)
automobilu (genitive singular)
automobili (genitive plural)
automobilów (genitive plural)
automobilowi (dative singular)
automobilom (dative plural)
automobil (accusative singular)
automobile (accusative plural)
automobilem (instrumental singular)
automobilami (instrumental plural)
automobilu (locative singular)
automobilach (locative plural)
automobilu (singular vocative)
automobile (plural vocative)


toyota

toyota (nominative singular)
toyoty (nominative plural)
toyoty (genitive singular)
toyot (genitive plural)
toyocie (dative singular)
toyotom (dative plural)
toyotę (accusative singular)
toyoty (accusative plural)
toyotą (instrumental singular)
toyotami (instrumental plural)
toyocie (locative singular)
toyotach (locative plural)
toyoto (singular vocative)
toyoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese トヨタ (Toyota). Genericized trademark.


koń

koń m animal (diminutive konik, augmentative konisko, related adjective koński)

konik (diminutive)
konisko (augmentative)
koński (adjective)
koń (nominative singular)
konie (nominative plural)
konia (genitive singular)
koni (genitive plural)
koniowi (dative singular)
koniom (dative plural)
konia (accusative singular)
konie (accusative plural)
koniem (instrumental singular)
końmi (instrumental plural)
koniu (locative singular)
koniach (locative plural)
koniu (singular vocative)
konie (plural vocative)

darowanemu koniowi nie patrzy się w zęby

(Middle Polish) a type of torture device


tir

tirowy (adjective)
tir (nominative singular)
tiry (nominative plural)
tira (genitive singular)
tirów (genitive plural)
tirowi (dative singular)
tirom (dative plural)
tira (accusative singular)
tiry (accusative plural)
tirem (instrumental singular)
tirami (instrumental plural)
tirze (locative singular)
tirach (locative plural)
tirze (singular vocative)
tiry (plural vocative)

From blue-and-white plates with the French initialism TIR (“Transports Internationaux Routiers”), which are put on vehicles matching the requirements of the TIR Convention.


taksi

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of taxi


taboret

taboret (nominative singular)
taborety (nominative plural)
taboretu (genitive singular)
taboretów (genitive plural)
taboretowi (dative singular)
taboretom (dative plural)
taboret (accusative singular)
taborety (accusative plural)
taboretem (instrumental singular)
taboretami (instrumental plural)
taborecie (locative singular)
taboretach (locative plural)
taborecie (singular vocative)
taborety (plural vocative)


rydwan

rydwan (nominative singular)
rydwany (nominative plural)
rydwanu (genitive singular)
rydwanów (genitive plural)
rydwanowi (dative singular)
rydwanom (dative plural)
rydwan (accusative singular)
rydwany (accusative plural)
rydwanem (instrumental singular)
rydwanami (instrumental plural)
rydwanie (locative singular)
rydwanach (locative plural)
rydwanie (singular vocative)
rydwany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rydwan, rynwan. Per Bańkowski, from dialectal Middle High German rind(e)wagen. Alternatively from German Reitwagen.

inh+

chariot (a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle, used in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age warfare)


minibus

minibus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
minibus (nominative singular)
minibusy (nominative plural)
minibusa (genitive singular)
minibusu (genitive singular)
minibusów (genitive plural)
minibusowi (dative singular)
minibusom (dative plural)
minibusa (accusative singular)
minibus (accusative singular)
minibusy (accusative plural)
minibusem (instrumental singular)
minibusami (instrumental plural)
minibusie (locative singular)
minibusach (locative plural)
minibusie (singular vocative)
minibusy (plural vocative)

minibus (small bus, especially one used as transport for small groups)


mustang

mustang (nominative singular)
mustangi (nominative plural)
mustanga (genitive singular)
mustangów (genitive plural)
mustangowi (dative singular)
mustangom (dative plural)
mustanga (accusative singular)
mustangi (accusative plural)
mustangiem (instrumental singular)
mustangami (instrumental plural)
mustangu (locative singular)
mustangach (locative plural)
mustangu (singular vocative)
mustangi (plural vocative)

(usually in the plural) jeans or shoes by Mustang Holding


crossover

crossover (nominative singular)
crossovery (nominative plural)
crossovera (genitive singular)
crossoverów (genitive plural)
crossoverowi (dative singular)
crossoverom (dative plural)
crossovera (accusative singular)
crossovery (accusative plural)
crossoverem (instrumental singular)
crossoverami (instrumental plural)
crossoverze (locative singular)
crossoverach (locative plural)
crossoverze (singular vocative)
crossovery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English crossover.

ubor

crossover (SUV-like automobile built on a passenger car platform, e.g. the Pontiac Torrent)


mary

mary (nominative plural)
mar (genitive plural)
marom (dative plural)
mary (accusative plural)
marami (instrumental plural)
marach (locative plural)
mary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mary. Cognate with Czech máry and German Bahre.

(literary) bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)


tuning

pl-noun

tuning m inan (related adjective tuningowy)

tuningowy (adjective)
tuning (nominative singular)
tuningu (genitive singular)
tuningowi (dative singular)
tuning (accusative singular)
tuningiem (instrumental singular)
tuningu (locative singular)
tuningu (singular vocative)


bombardier

bombardier (nominative singular)
bombardiery (nominative plural)
bombardiera (genitive singular)
bombardierów (genitive plural)
bombardierowi (dative singular)
bombardierom (dative plural)
bombardiera (accusative singular)
bombardiery (accusative plural)
bombardierem (instrumental singular)
bombardierami (instrumental plural)
bombardierze (locative singular)
bombardierach (locative plural)
bombardierze (singular vocative)
bombardiery (plural vocative)

(rail transport) tram or train car manufactured by a company belonging to the Bombardier Inc. multinational


pana

pana (nominative singular)
pany (nominative plural)
pany (genitive singular)
pan (genitive plural)
panie (dative singular)
panom (dative plural)
panę (accusative singular)
pany (accusative plural)
paną (instrumental singular)
panami (instrumental plural)
panie (locative singular)
panach (locative plural)
pano (singular vocative)
pany (plural vocative)


fura

fura (nominative singular)
fury (nominative plural)
fury (genitive singular)
fur (genitive plural)
furze (dative singular)
furom (dative plural)
furę (accusative singular)
fury (accusative plural)
furą (instrumental singular)
furami (instrumental plural)
furze (locative singular)
furach (locative plural)
furo (singular vocative)
fury (plural vocative)


rollercoaster

rollercoaster (nominative singular)
rollercoastery (nominative plural)
rollercoastera (genitive singular)
rollercoasterów (genitive plural)
rollercoasterowi (dative singular)
rollercoasterom (dative plural)
rollercoaster (accusative singular)
rollercoastery (accusative plural)
rollercoasterem (instrumental singular)
rollercoasterami (instrumental plural)
rollercoasterze (locative singular)
rollercoasterach (locative plural)
rollercoasterze (singular vocative)
rollercoastery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rollercoaster.

ubor

(transport) rollercoaster, coaster (amusement ride consisting of a train on a track that rises, falls, twists, and turns)


arba

arba (nominative singular)
arby (nominative plural)
arby (genitive singular)
arb (genitive plural)
arbie (dative singular)
arbom (dative plural)
arbę (accusative singular)
arby (accusative plural)
arbą (instrumental singular)
arbami (instrumental plural)
arbie (locative singular)
arbach (locative plural)
arbo (singular vocative)
arby (plural vocative)


biga

biga (nominative singular)
bigi (nominative plural)
bigi (genitive singular)
big (genitive plural)
bidze (dative singular)
bigom (dative plural)
bigę (accusative singular)
bigi (accusative plural)
bigą (instrumental singular)
bigami (instrumental plural)
bidze (locative singular)
bigach (locative plural)
bigo (singular vocative)
bigi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German biegen. Doublet of Boh and Bug.

(printing) crease (element of the die-cutting machine used to emboss the bend line of the paper)


trup

trupek (diminutive)
trup (nominative singular)
trupy (nominative plural)
trupa (genitive singular)
trupów (genitive plural)
trupowi (dative singular)
trupom (dative plural)
trupa (accusative singular)
trupy (accusative plural)
trupem (instrumental singular)
trupami (instrumental plural)
trupie (locative singular)
trupach (locative plural)
trupie (singular vocative)
trupy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish trup, from Proto-Slavic *trupъ.


tragi

tragi (nominative plural)
trag (genitive plural)
tragów (genitive plural)
tragom (dative plural)
tragi (accusative plural)
tragami (instrumental plural)
tragach (locative plural)
tragi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tragi. Cognate with German Trage.


blok

bloczek (diminutive)
blok (nominative singular)
bloki (nominative plural)
bloku (genitive singular)
bloków (genitive plural)
blokowi (dative singular)
blokom (dative plural)
blok (accusative singular)
bloki (accusative plural)
blokiem (instrumental singular)
blokami (instrumental plural)
bloku (locative singular)
blokach (locative plural)
bloku (singular vocative)
bloki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Block. Sense 8 is a semantic loan from English code block, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English block, sense 10 is a semantic loan from English heart block, and sense 11 is a semantic loan from English engine block. First attested in 1782.

sl

apartment building, block, block of flats, tower block

blok serca

blok przedsionkowo-komorowy

blok napędowy

blok cylindrów

blok silnika


ogórek

pl-noun

ogórek m inan (diminutive ogóreczek, augmentative ogór or ogóras, related adjective ogórkowy or (rare) ogórczany)

ogóreczek (diminutive)
ogór (augmentative)
ogóras (augmentative)
ogórkowy (adjective)
ogórczany (adjective rare)
ogórek (nominative singular)
ogórki (nominative plural)
ogórka (genitive singular)
ogórków (genitive plural)
ogórkowi (dative singular)
ogórkom (dative plural)
ogórek (accusative singular)
ogórki (accusative plural)
ogórkiem (instrumental singular)
ogórkami (instrumental plural)
ogórku (locative singular)
ogórkach (locative plural)
ogórku (singular vocative)
ogórki (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: agur̃kas

Inherited from Old Polish ogurek, from Byzantine Greek ἀγγούριον (angoúrion, “cucumber”).

der

(colloquial, humorous) Jelcz-brand bus, commonly used for intercity and urban transportation in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s


U-Boot

U-Boot (nominative singular)
U-Booty (nominative plural)
U-Boota (genitive singular)
U-Bootów (genitive plural)
U-Bootowi (dative singular)
U-Bootom (dative plural)
U-Boota (accusative singular)
U-Booty (accusative plural)
U-Bootem (instrumental singular)
U-Bootami (instrumental plural)
U-Boocie (locative singular)
U-Bootach (locative plural)
U-Boocie (singular vocative)
U-Booty (plural vocative)

(colloquial, historical) U-boat (any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War)


grat

grat (nominative singular)
graty (nominative plural)
grata (genitive singular)
gratów (genitive plural)
gratowi (dative singular)
gratom (dative plural)
grata (accusative singular)
graty (accusative plural)
gratem (instrumental singular)
gratami (instrumental plural)
gracie (locative singular)
gratach (locative plural)
gracie (singular vocative)
graty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German geræte (“equipment”).

bor+

(informal, derogatory) clunker, decrepit car


atrapa

atrapa (nominative singular)
atrapy (nominative plural)
atrapy (genitive singular)
atrap (genitive plural)
atrapie (dative singular)
atrapom (dative plural)
atrapę (accusative singular)
atrapy (accusative plural)
atrapą (instrumental singular)
atrapami (instrumental plural)
atrapie (locative singular)
atrapach (locative plural)
atrapo (singular vocative)
atrapy (plural vocative)

dummy, mock-up, simulacrum (something that is only meant to resemble something else)


samochód

pl-noun

samochód m inan (diminutive samochodzik, augmentative samochodzisko, related adjective samochodowy)

samochodzik (diminutive)
samochodzisko (augmentative)
samochodowy (adjective)
samochód (nominative singular)
samochody (nominative plural)
samochodu (genitive singular)
samochodów (genitive plural)
samochodowi (dative singular)
samochodom (dative plural)
samochód (accusative singular)
samochody (accusative plural)
samochodem (instrumental singular)
samochodami (instrumental plural)
samochodzie (locative singular)
samochodach (locative plural)
samochodzie (singular vocative)
samochody (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: samòchód (rare)

→ Silesian: samochōd (rare)

From samo- + chód. There is a popular belief that the term was coined in a competition; however, no record of said competition exists. There was wavering between this term and samojazd as to which would be the default term for car, but samojazd was ultimately displaced in the 20th century. First attested in the 19th century. Compare Belarusian самахо́д (samaxód) and Russian самохо́д (samoxód).

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “samochód”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 17

car, automobile (wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation)

Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
pl:Ida Kurcz


pociąg

pl-noun

pociąg m inan (related adjective pociągowy)

pociągowy (adjective)
pociąg (nominative singular)
pociągi (nominative plural)
pociągu (genitive singular)
pociągów (genitive plural)
pociągowi (dative singular)
pociągom (dative plural)
pociąg (accusative singular)
pociągi (accusative plural)
pociągiem (instrumental singular)
pociągami (instrumental plural)
pociągu (locative singular)
pociągach (locative plural)
pociągu (singular vocative)
pociągi (plural vocative)

/ˈpɔ.t͡ɕɔŋk/

Deverbal from pociągać. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French train, English train, and German Zug. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from French inclination. First attested in 1550.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Pociąg do Warszawy odjeżdża za godzinę.

train (mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport)

(Middle Polish, construction) traverse holding up a wooden construction

(Middle Polish, sailing) sail (piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along; the sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars, and ropes)


jeep

jeep (nominative singular)
jeepy (nominative plural)
jeepa (genitive singular)
jeepów (genitive plural)
jeepowi (dative singular)
jeepom (dative plural)
jeepa (accusative singular)
jeepy (accusative plural)
jeepem (instrumental singular)
jeepami (instrumental plural)
jeepie (locative singular)
jeepach (locative plural)
jeepie (singular vocative)
jeepy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English jeep. Genericized trademark.


żubr

żubr (nominative singular)
żubrowie (nominative plural)
żubry (derogatory nominative plural)
żubra (genitive singular)
żubrów (genitive plural)
żubrowi (dative singular)
żubrom (dative plural)
żubra (accusative singular)
żubrów (accusative plural)
żubrem (instrumental singular)
żubrami (instrumental plural)
żubrze (locative singular)
żubrach (locative plural)
żubrze (singular vocative)
żubrowie (plural vocative)
żubry (derogatory plural vocative)

→ English: zubr

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: жубръ (žubr), żubr — alternative spelling
⇒ Ukrainian: жуброви́й (žubrovýj)

→ Vilamovian: żubr

Inherited from Old Polish zubr. The current form being żubr and not zubr is a result of hypercorrection due to avoiding mazuration.

(historical, politics) żubr kresowy (representative of a group of conservative Polish landowners who lived in the early 20th century in the eastern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, now part of Lithuania or Belarus)


rower

pl-noun

rower m inan (diminutive rowerek, related adjective rowerowy)

rowerek (diminutive)
rowerowy (adjective)
rower (nominative singular)
rowery (nominative plural)
roweru (genitive singular)
rowerów (genitive plural)
rowerowi (dative singular)
rowerom (dative plural)
rower (accusative singular)
rowery (accusative plural)
rowerem (instrumental singular)
rowerami (instrumental plural)
rowerze (locative singular)
rowerach (locative plural)
rowerze (singular vocative)
rowery (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ро́вар (róvar)

→ Ukrainian: ро́вер (róver)

→ Yiddish: ראָווער (rover)

Genericized trademark of the British company Rover.

bicycle, bike (vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals)


samara

samara (nominative singular)
samary (nominative plural)
samary (genitive singular)
samar (genitive plural)
samarze (dative singular)
samarom (dative plural)
samarę (accusative singular)
samary (accusative plural)
samarą (instrumental singular)
samarami (instrumental plural)
samarze (locative singular)
samarach (locative plural)
samaro (singular vocative)
samary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Сама́ра (Samára), an oblast of Russia.

(colloquial) Lada Samara (series of small family cars produced by Soviet/Russian vehicle manufacturer AvtoVAZ under the Lada brand between 1984 and 2013)


arka

arka (nominative singular)
arki (nominative plural)
arki (genitive singular)
arek (genitive plural)
arce (dative singular)
arkom (dative plural)
arkę (accusative singular)
arki (accusative plural)
arką (instrumental singular)
arkami (instrumental plural)
arce (locative singular)
arkach (locative plural)
arko (singular vocative)
arki (plural vocative)


banan

banan m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
banan (nominative singular)
banany (nominative plural)
banana (genitive singular)
bananów (genitive plural)
bananowi (dative singular)
bananom (dative plural)
banana (accusative singular)
banan (accusative singular)
banany (accusative plural)
bananem (instrumental singular)
bananami (instrumental plural)
bananie (locative singular)
bananach (locative plural)
bananie (singular vocative)
banany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French banane, from Portuguese banana, from Wolof banaana.

(colloquial) banana boat (boat resembling a banana)


pantera

panterka (diminutive)
pantera (nominative singular)
pantery (nominative plural)
pantery (genitive singular)
panter (genitive plural)
panterze (dative singular)
panterom (dative plural)
panterę (accusative singular)
pantery (accusative plural)
panterą (instrumental singular)
panterami (instrumental plural)
panterze (locative singular)
panterach (locative plural)
pantero (singular vocative)
pantery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panther, French panthère, German Panther, ultimately from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr). First attested in 1568.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pantera”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(military, historical) type of German tank used in World War II


barka

barkowy (adjective)
barka (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barki (genitive singular)
barek (genitive plural)
barce (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
barkę (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barką (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barce (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barko (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barca. Doublet of bark.

barge (large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo)


krypa

krypa (nominative singular)
krypy (nominative plural)
krypy (genitive singular)
kryp (genitive plural)
krypie (dative singular)
krypom (dative plural)
krypę (accusative singular)
krypy (accusative plural)
krypą (instrumental singular)
krypami (instrumental plural)
krypie (locative singular)
krypach (locative plural)
krypo (singular vocative)
krypy (plural vocative)

barge (flat-bottomed vessel used to transport sand, gravel, etc.)


lotniskowiec

lotniskowiec (nominative singular)
lotniskowce (nominative plural)
lotniskowca (genitive singular)
lotniskowców (genitive plural)
lotniskowcowi (dative singular)
lotniskowcom (dative plural)
lotniskowiec (accusative singular)
lotniskowce (accusative plural)
lotniskowcem (instrumental singular)
lotniskowcami (instrumental plural)
lotniskowcu (locative singular)
lotniskowcach (locative plural)
lotniskowcu (singular vocative)
lotniskowce (plural vocative)


traktor

traktor (nominative singular)
traktory (nominative plural)
traktora (genitive singular)
traktorów (genitive plural)
traktorowi (dative singular)
traktorom (dative plural)
traktor (accusative singular)
traktory (accusative plural)
traktorem (instrumental singular)
traktorami (instrumental plural)
traktorze (locative singular)
traktorach (locative plural)
traktorze (singular vocative)
traktory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tractor, from Latin tractus.


fregata

fregata (nominative singular)
fregaty (nominative plural)
fregaty (genitive singular)
fregat (genitive plural)
fregacie (dative singular)
fregatom (dative plural)
fregatę (accusative singular)
fregaty (accusative plural)
fregatą (instrumental singular)
fregatami (instrumental plural)
fregacie (locative singular)
fregatach (locative plural)
fregato (singular vocative)
fregaty (plural vocative)


opona

pl-noun

opona f (diminutive oponka, related adjective oponowy)

oponka (diminutive)
oponowy (adjective)
opona (nominative singular)
opony (nominative plural)
opony (genitive singular)
opon (genitive plural)
oponie (dative singular)
oponom (dative plural)
oponę (accusative singular)
opony (accusative plural)
oponą (instrumental singular)
oponami (instrumental plural)
oponie (locative singular)
oponach (locative plural)
opono (singular vocative)
opony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *opona. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic опона (opona, “curtain”) and Czech opona (“theater curtain”).


polonez

polonezik (diminutive)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
polonez (accusative singular)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)


galera

galera (nominative singular)
galery (nominative plural)
galery (genitive singular)
galer (genitive plural)
galerze (dative singular)
galerom (dative plural)
galerę (accusative singular)
galery (accusative plural)
galerą (instrumental singular)
galerami (instrumental plural)
galerze (locative singular)
galerach (locative plural)
galero (singular vocative)
galery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian galera, from galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea), from γαλέη (galéē), from Ancient Greek γαλεός (galeós).

(nautical) galley (ship propelled primarily by oars)


motocykl

motocykl (nominative singular)
motocykle (nominative plural)
motocykla (genitive singular)
motocykli (genitive plural)
motocyklów (genitive plural)
motocyklowi (dative singular)
motocyklom (dative plural)
motocykl (accusative singular)
motocykle (accusative plural)
motocyklem (instrumental singular)
motocyklami (instrumental plural)
motocyklu (locative singular)
motocyklach (locative plural)
motocyklu (singular vocative)
motocykle (plural vocative)


minivan

minivan (nominative singular)
minivany (nominative plural)
minivana (genitive singular)
minivanów (genitive plural)
minivanowi (dative singular)
minivanom (dative plural)
minivan (accusative singular)
minivany (accusative plural)
minivanem (instrumental singular)
minivanami (instrumental plural)
minivanie (locative singular)
minivanach (locative plural)
minivanie (singular vocative)
minivany (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English minivan.

ubor

minivan, people carrier, MPV (large and spacious passenger car, typically with five or seven seats and sliding rear doors)


kajak

kajaczek (diminutive)
kajak (nominative singular)
kajaki (nominative plural)
kajaka (genitive singular)
kajaków (genitive plural)
kajakowi (dative singular)
kajakom (dative plural)
kajak (accusative singular)
kajaki (accusative plural)
kajakiem (instrumental singular)
kajakami (instrumental plural)
kajaku (locative singular)
kajakach (locative plural)
kajaku (singular vocative)
kajaki (plural vocative)

From Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “man's boat”) or Greenlandic qajaq.


taksa

taksa (nominative singular)
taksy (nominative plural)
taksy (genitive singular)
taks (genitive plural)
taksie (dative singular)
taksom (dative plural)
taksę (accusative singular)
taksy (accusative plural)
taksą (instrumental singular)
taksami (instrumental plural)
taksie (locative singular)
taksach (locative plural)
takso (singular vocative)
taksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French taxe. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Silesian taksa.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “taksa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

+obj

od (+ genitive) za (+ accusative) ‘for what’

(administration) fee (fixed official fee charged for certain services) [with od (+ genitive) or za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]


akumulator

pl-noun

akumulator m inan (diminutive akumulatorek)

akumulatorek (diminutive)
akumulator (nominative singular)
akumulatory (nominative plural)
akumulatora (genitive singular)
akumulatorów (genitive plural)
akumulatorowi (dative singular)
akumulatorom (dative plural)
akumulator (accusative singular)
akumulatory (accusative plural)
akumulatorem (instrumental singular)
akumulatorami (instrumental plural)
akumulatorze (locative singular)
akumulatorach (locative plural)
akumulatorze (singular vocative)
akumulatory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Akkumulator or French accumulateur, Latin accumulātor. First attested in 1872.

ref

Opiekun Domowy : pismo tygodniowe sprawom wychowania, rzeczom społecznym, nauce, literaturze i sztuce poświęcone (in Polish), number R.8, Serya 3, nr 45, 1872, page 354

akumulator in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

accumulator, battery (wet-cell storage battery)


akcelerator

akcelerator (nominative singular)
akceleratory (nominative plural)
akceleratora (genitive singular)
akceleratorów (genitive plural)
akceleratorowi (dative singular)
akceleratorom (dative plural)
akcelerator (accusative singular)
akceleratory (accusative plural)
akceleratorem (instrumental singular)
akceleratorami (instrumental plural)
akceleratorze (locative singular)
akceleratorach (locative plural)
akceleratorze (singular vocative)
akceleratory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English accelerator. Ultimately from Latin accelerō + -ator. First attested in 1910.

particle accelerator
particle accelerator

(physics) accelerator, particle accelerator (machine or device used for accelerating particles)

accelerator (pedal of a car that accelerates)

(computing) accelerator (computer component using dedicated hardware to accelerate the processing and display of graphics)


bimba

bimba (nominative singular)
bimby (nominative plural)
bimby (genitive singular)
bimb (genitive plural)
bimbie (dative singular)
bimbom (dative plural)
bimbę (accusative singular)
bimby (accusative plural)
bimbą (instrumental singular)
bimbami (instrumental plural)
bimbie (locative singular)
bimbach (locative plural)
bimbo (singular vocative)
bimby (plural vocative)

historyczna bimba

stara bimba

zabytkowa bimba

poznańska bimba

jeździć/pojeździć bimbą

przejechać się bimbą

MPK twierdzi, że bimby jeżdżą punktualnie. Tymczasem w środę ok. 13.00 czekałem na Zwierzynieckiej na ,,dwójkę’’, która spóźniła się 10 minut. Tego samego dnia wieczorem na os. Tysiąclecia inna bimba spóźniła się 6 minut. Tamże, w sobotę rano tramwaj nie przyjechał w ogóle lub przyjechał przed czasem. To może zlikwidujmy rozkłady jazdy?

2002, the readership, “Opinie dnia”, in Gazeta Poznańska, Oficyna Wydawnicza Wielkopolski, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2022-06-14:

The Urban Transportation Company claims that the trams are punctual. Meanwhile on Wednesday around 1 pm I was waiting at Zwierzyniecka number two, which was late by 10 minutes. Later that day in the evening at Millennium estate another tram was late by 6 minutes. At the same place Saturday morning the tram didn't come at all, or came ahead of time. Maybe we should get rid of the timetables?


ekspres

Borrowed from French exprès, from Latin expressus.

(rail transport) train that stops only at major cities, faster than an express train


kombajn

kombajn (nominative singular)
kombajny (nominative plural)
kombajnu (genitive singular)
kombajnów (genitive plural)
kombajnowi (dative singular)
kombajnom (dative plural)
kombajn (accusative singular)
kombajny (accusative plural)
kombajnem (instrumental singular)
kombajnami (instrumental plural)
kombajnie (locative singular)
kombajnach (locative plural)
kombajnie (singular vocative)
kombajny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English combine, from Middle French combiner, from Late Latin combīnāre.


kierownik

pl-noun

kierownik m pers (female equivalent kierowniczka, related adjective kierowniczy)

kierowniczka (feminine)
kierowniczy (adjective)
kierownik (nominative singular)
kierownicy (nominative plural)
kierowniki (derogatory nominative plural)
kierownika (genitive singular)
kierowników (genitive plural)
kierownikowi (dative singular)
kierownikom (dative plural)
kierownika (accusative singular)
kierowników (accusative plural)
kierownikiem (instrumental singular)
kierownikami (instrumental plural)
kierowniku (locative singular)
kierownikach (locative plural)
kierowniku (singular vocative)
kierownicy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: кіраўні́к (kiraŭník)

→ Ukrainian: керівни́к (kerivnýk)

From kierować + -nik. First attested in 1595. Compare Kashubian czerownik.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “kierownik”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(chiefly in the vocative) boss (term of address)


intercity

Unadapted borrowing from English intercity.

ubor

(rail transport) InterCity train (long-distance passenger train in Europe)


tramwaj

tramwaj (nominative singular)
tramwaje (nominative plural)
tramwaju (genitive singular)
tramwajów (genitive plural)
tramwai (genitive plural)
tramwajowi (dative singular)
tramwajom (dative plural)
tramwaj (accusative singular)
tramwaje (accusative plural)
tramwajem (instrumental singular)
tramwajami (instrumental plural)
tramwaju (locative singular)
tramwajach (locative plural)
tramwaju (singular vocative)
tramwaje (plural vocative)


autokar

autokar (nominative singular)
autokary (nominative plural)
autokaru (genitive singular)
autokarów (genitive plural)
autokarowi (dative singular)
autokarom (dative plural)
autokar (accusative singular)
autokary (accusative plural)
autokarem (instrumental singular)
autokarami (instrumental plural)
autokarze (locative singular)
autokarach (locative plural)
autokarze (singular vocative)
autokary (plural vocative)


taczka

taczka (nominative singular)
taczki (nominative plural)
taczki (genitive singular)
taczek (genitive plural)
taczce (dative singular)
taczkom (dative plural)
taczkę (accusative singular)
taczki (accusative plural)
taczką (instrumental singular)
taczkami (instrumental plural)
taczce (locative singular)
taczkach (locative plural)
taczko (singular vocative)
taczki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish taczka, from Proto-Slavic *tačati + -ka.


sanki

saneczki (diminutive)
sanki (nominative plural)
sanek (genitive plural)
sankom (dative plural)
sanki (accusative plural)
sankami (instrumental plural)
sankach (locative plural)
sanki (plural vocative)


statek

pl-noun

statek m inan (diminutive stateczek, related adjective statkowy)

stateczek (diminutive)
statkowy (adjective)
statek (nominative singular)
statki (nominative plural)
statku (genitive singular)
statków (genitive plural)
statkowi (dative singular)
statkom (dative plural)
statek (accusative singular)
statki (accusative plural)
statkiem (instrumental singular)
statkami (instrumental plural)
statku (locative singular)
statkach (locative plural)
statku (singular vocative)
statki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish statek. Sense 1 is from sense 2; compare English vessel.

(obsolete) sedateness, calm; settling down; seriousness; takt


triera

triera (nominative singular)
triery (nominative plural)
triery (genitive singular)
trier (genitive plural)
trierze (dative singular)
trierom (dative plural)
trierę (accusative singular)
triery (accusative plural)
trierą (instrumental singular)
trierami (instrumental plural)
trierze (locative singular)
trierach (locative plural)
triero (singular vocative)
triery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τριήρης (triḗrēs).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) Ancient Greek trireme


tygrys

pl-noun

tygrys m animal (female equivalent tygrysica or tygrzyca, diminutive tygrysek, related adjective tygrysi or tygrysowy)

tygrysica (feminine)
tygrzyca (feminine)
tygrysek (diminutive)
tygrysi (adjective)
tygrysowy (adjective)
tygrys (nominative singular)
tygrysy (nominative plural)
tygrysa (genitive singular)
tygrysów (genitive plural)
tygrysowi (dative singular)
tygrysom (dative plural)
tygrysa (accusative singular)
tygrysy (accusative plural)
tygrysem (instrumental singular)
tygrysami (instrumental plural)
tygrysie (locative singular)
tygrysach (locative plural)
tygrysie (singular vocative)
tygrysy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tigris. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English tiger. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from German Tiger.

sl

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


towar

pl-noun

towar m inan (diminutive towarek, related adjective towarowy)

towarek (diminutive)
towarowy (adjective)
towar (nominative singular)
towary (nominative plural)
towaru (genitive singular)
towarów (genitive plural)
towarowi (dative singular)
towarom (dative plural)
towar (accusative singular)
towary (accusative plural)
towarem (instrumental singular)
towarami (instrumental plural)
towarze (locative singular)
towarach (locative plural)
towarze (singular vocative)
towary (plural vocative)

(colloquial) cargo train, freight train, goods train

(forestry) framed wood with a sharp edge


skuter

skuterek (diminutive)
skuter (nominative singular)
skutery (nominative plural)
skutera (genitive singular)
skuterów (genitive plural)
skuterowi (dative singular)
skuterom (dative plural)
skuter (accusative singular)
skutery (accusative plural)
skuterem (instrumental singular)
skuterami (instrumental plural)
skuterze (locative singular)
skuterach (locative plural)
skuterze (singular vocative)
skutery (plural vocative)


czajka

czajka (nominative singular)
czajki (nominative plural)
czajki (genitive singular)
czajek (genitive plural)
czajce (dative singular)
czajkom (dative plural)
czajkę (accusative singular)
czajki (accusative plural)
czajką (instrumental singular)
czajkami (instrumental plural)
czajce (locative singular)
czajkach (locative plural)
czajko (singular vocative)
czajki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čajьka. Sense 3 is presumed to be a semantic loan from Ukrainian ча́йка (čájka), given that this word, in any language but Ukrainian, is only put as an exotism for a vessel ascribed to the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Doublet of szajka.


łódź

łódka (diminutive)
łódeczka (diminutive)
łódź (nominative singular)
łodzie (nominative plural)
łodzi (genitive singular)
łodzi (genitive plural)
łodzi (dative singular)
łodziom (dative plural)
łódź (accusative singular)
łodzie (accusative plural)
łodzią (instrumental singular)
łodziami (instrumental plural)
łodzi (locative singular)
łodziach (locative plural)
łodzi (singular vocative)
łodzie (plural vocative)


ciężarówka

pl-noun

ciężarówka f (diminutive ciężaróweczka, augmentative ciężarówa)

ciężaróweczka (diminutive)
ciężarówa (augmentative)
ciężarówka (nominative singular)
ciężarówki (nominative plural)
ciężarówki (genitive singular)
ciężarówek (genitive plural)
ciężarówce (dative singular)
ciężarówkom (dative plural)
ciężarówkę (accusative singular)
ciężarówki (accusative plural)
ciężarówką (instrumental singular)
ciężarówkami (instrumental plural)
ciężarówce (locative singular)
ciężarówkach (locative plural)
ciężarówko (singular vocative)
ciężarówki (plural vocative)


koparka

koparka (nominative singular)
koparki (nominative plural)
koparki (genitive singular)
koparek (genitive plural)
koparce (dative singular)
koparkom (dative plural)
koparkę (accusative singular)
koparki (accusative plural)
koparką (instrumental singular)
koparkami (instrumental plural)
koparce (locative singular)
koparkach (locative plural)
koparko (singular vocative)
koparki (plural vocative)


czołg

czołg (nominative singular)
czołgi (nominative plural)
czołgu (genitive singular)
czołgów (genitive plural)
czołgowi (dative singular)
czołgom (dative plural)
czołg (accusative singular)
czołgi (accusative plural)
czołgiem (instrumental singular)
czołgami (instrumental plural)
czołgu (locative singular)
czołgach (locative plural)
czołgu (singular vocative)
czołgi (plural vocative)


ciągnik

ciągnik (nominative singular)
ciągniki (nominative plural)
ciągnika (genitive singular)
ciągników (genitive plural)
ciągnikowi (dative singular)
ciągnikom (dative plural)
ciągnik (accusative singular)
ciągniki (accusative plural)
ciągnikiem (instrumental singular)
ciągnikami (instrumental plural)
ciągniku (locative singular)
ciągnikach (locative plural)
ciągniku (singular vocative)
ciągniki (plural vocative)

/ˈt͡ɕɔŋɡ.ɲik/


taksówka

taksówka f (diminutive taksóweczka, related adjective taksówkowy)

taksóweczka (diminutive)
taksówkowy (adjective)
taksówka (nominative singular)
taksówki (nominative plural)
taksówki (genitive singular)
taksówek (genitive plural)
taksówce (dative singular)
taksówkom (dative plural)
taksówkę (accusative singular)
taksówki (accusative plural)
taksówką (instrumental singular)
taksówkami (instrumental plural)
taksówce (locative singular)
taksówkach (locative plural)
taksówko (singular vocative)
taksówki (plural vocative)

taxi (vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver)


jol

jol (nominative singular)
jole (nominative plural)
jola (genitive singular)
joli (genitive plural)
jolowi (dative singular)
jolom (dative plural)
jol (accusative singular)
jole (accusative plural)
jolem (instrumental singular)
jolami (instrumental plural)
jolu (locative singular)
jolach (locative plural)
jolu (singular vocative)
jole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Jolle, from Low German jolle, from Middle Low German jolle. Doublet of jola.

yawl (fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen stepped abaft the rudder post)

yawl (small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars)


ładowarka

ładowarka (nominative singular)
ładowarki (nominative plural)
ładowarki (genitive singular)
ładowarek (genitive plural)
ładowarce (dative singular)
ładowarkom (dative plural)
ładowarkę (accusative singular)
ładowarki (accusative plural)
ładowarką (instrumental singular)
ładowarkami (instrumental plural)
ładowarce (locative singular)
ładowarkach (locative plural)
ładowarko (singular vocative)
ładowarki (plural vocative)


amfibia

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Amphibie or French amphibien, from Latin amphibius, from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios). First attested in 1755.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (08.11.2022) “AMFIBIUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(aircraft, nautical) amphibious aircraft


kierunek

pl-noun

kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)

kierunkowy (adjective)
kierunek (nominative singular)
kierunki (nominative plural)
kierunku (genitive singular)
kierunków (genitive plural)
kierunkowi (dative singular)
kierunkom (dative plural)
kierunek (accusative singular)
kierunki (accusative plural)
kierunkiem (instrumental singular)
kierunkami (instrumental plural)
kierunku (locative singular)
kierunkach (locative plural)
kierunku (singular vocative)
kierunki (plural vocative)

From kierować + -unek or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786. Compare Kashubian czerënk and Silesian kierōnek.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “kierunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker


kierunkowskaz

pl-noun

kierunkowskaz m inan (related adjective kierunkowskazowy)

kierunkowskazowy (adjective)
kierunkowskaz (nominative singular)
kierunkowskazy (nominative plural)
kierunkowskazu (genitive singular)
kierunkowskazów (genitive plural)
kierunkowskazowi (dative singular)
kierunkowskazom (dative plural)
kierunkowskaz (accusative singular)
kierunkowskazy (accusative plural)
kierunkowskazem (instrumental singular)
kierunkowskazami (instrumental plural)
kierunkowskazie (locative singular)
kierunkowskazach (locative plural)
kierunkowskazie (singular vocative)
kierunkowskazy (plural vocative)

turn signal, blinker, directional, indicator (each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which is used to indicates the vehicle is moving left or right)


bąk

bączek (diminutive)
bąk (nominative singular)
bąki (nominative plural)
bąka (genitive singular)
bąków (genitive plural)
bąkowi (dative singular)
bąkom (dative plural)
bąka (accusative singular)
bąki (accusative plural)
bąkiem (instrumental singular)
bąkami (instrumental plural)
bąku (locative singular)
bąkach (locative plural)
bąku (singular vocative)
bąki (plural vocative)


ambulans

ambulans (nominative singular)
ambulanse (nominative plural)
ambulansy (nominative plural)
ambulansu (genitive singular)
ambulansów (genitive plural)
ambulansowi (dative singular)
ambulansom (dative plural)
ambulans (accusative singular)
ambulanse (accusative plural)
ambulansy (accusative plural)
ambulansem (instrumental singular)
ambulansami (instrumental plural)
ambulansie (locative singular)
ambulansach (locative plural)
ambulansie (singular vocative)
ambulanse (plural vocative)
ambulansy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ambulance, from Latin ambulāns, present participle of ambulō (“I walk, I go about”). First attested in 1810.

ref

Regulament służby obozowey dla woysk francuskich w r. 1809 wydany a dla użytku woysk Xięstwa Warszawskiego przetłumaczony. (in Polish), 1810, page 335


karetka

karetka (nominative singular)
karetki (nominative plural)
karetki (genitive singular)
karetek (genitive plural)
karetce (dative singular)
karetkom (dative plural)
karetkę (accusative singular)
karetki (accusative plural)
karetką (instrumental singular)
karetkami (instrumental plural)
karetce (locative singular)
karetkach (locative plural)
karetko (singular vocative)
karetki (plural vocative)

From kareta + -ka. Originally referred to a horse carriage that would later be used for transporting the injured.


kareta

kareta (nominative singular)
karety (nominative plural)
karety (genitive singular)
karet (genitive plural)
karecie (dative singular)
karetom (dative plural)
karetę (accusative singular)
karety (accusative plural)
karetą (instrumental singular)
karetami (instrumental plural)
karecie (locative singular)
karetach (locative plural)
kareto (singular vocative)
karety (plural vocative)


kibitka

kibitka (nominative singular)
kibitki (nominative plural)
kibitki (genitive singular)
kibitek (genitive plural)
kibitce (dative singular)
kibitkom (dative plural)
kibitkę (accusative singular)
kibitki (accusative plural)
kibitką (instrumental singular)
kibitkami (instrumental plural)
kibitce (locative singular)
kibitkach (locative plural)
kibitko (singular vocative)
kibitki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian киби́тка (kibítka).

bor+

(historical) kibitka (carriage or sleigh)


blacha

blaszka (diminutive)
blacha (nominative singular)
blachy (nominative plural)
blachy (genitive singular)
blach (genitive plural)
blasze (dative singular)
blachom (dative plural)
blachę (accusative singular)
blachy (accusative plural)
blachą (instrumental singular)
blachami (instrumental plural)
blasze (locative singular)
blachach (locative plural)
blacho (singular vocative)
blachy (plural vocative)

→ Russian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

→ Ukrainian: бля́ха (bljáxa)

Inherited from Old Polish blacha, from Middle High German blëch.

rozpalona blacha

blacha pieca

gotować coś na blasze

postawić coś na blasze

blacha do pieczenia

nasmarować/wysmarować blachę masłem/tłuszczem

to grease a baking sheet with butter/fat

piec na blasze

ułożyć coś na blasze

białe blachy

czarne blachy

nowe blachy

stare blachy

auto/pojazd/samochód na zagranicznych blachach


bagażnik

bagażnik (nominative singular)
bagażniki (nominative plural)
bagażnika (genitive singular)
bagażników (genitive plural)
bagażnikowi (dative singular)
bagażnikom (dative plural)
bagażnik (accusative singular)
bagażniki (accusative plural)
bagażnikiem (instrumental singular)
bagażnikami (instrumental plural)
bagażniku (locative singular)
bagażnikach (locative plural)
bagażniku (singular vocative)
bagażniki (plural vocative)

From bagaż + -nik. First attested in 1918.

baggage carrier (a metal attachment to various vehicles for carrying luggage)


parowiec

parowiec (nominative singular)
parowce (nominative plural)
parowca (genitive singular)
parowców (genitive plural)
parowcowi (dative singular)
parowcom (dative plural)
parowiec (accusative singular)
parowce (accusative plural)
parowcem (instrumental singular)
parowcami (instrumental plural)
parowcu (locative singular)
parowcach (locative plural)
parowcu (singular vocative)
parowce (plural vocative)


pancernik

pancernik (nominative singular)
pancerniki (nominative plural)
pancernika (genitive singular)
pancerników (genitive plural)
pancernikowi (dative singular)
pancernikom (dative plural)
pancernik (accusative singular)
pancerniki (accusative plural)
pancernikiem (instrumental singular)
pancernikami (instrumental plural)
pancerniku (locative singular)
pancernikach (locative plural)
pancerniku (singular vocative)
pancerniki (plural vocative)


lokomotywa

lokomotywka (diminutive)
lokomotywa (nominative singular)
lokomotywy (nominative plural)
lokomotywy (genitive singular)
lokomotyw (genitive plural)
lokomotywie (dative singular)
lokomotywom (dative plural)
lokomotywę (accusative singular)
lokomotywy (accusative plural)
lokomotywą (instrumental singular)
lokomotywami (instrumental plural)
lokomotywie (locative singular)
lokomotywach (locative plural)
lokomotywo (singular vocative)
lokomotywy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French locomotive, from Latin locō (literally “from a place”) (ablative of locus (“place”)) + Vulgar Latin mōtivus (“moving”).

(rail transport) locomotive (self-propelled vehicle that runs on rails)


passat

passat (nominative singular)
passaty (nominative plural)
passata (genitive singular)
passatów (genitive plural)
passatowi (dative singular)
passatom (dative plural)
passata (accusative singular)
passaty (accusative plural)
passatem (instrumental singular)
passatami (instrumental plural)
passacie (locative singular)
passatach (locative plural)
passacie (singular vocative)
passaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Passat, from Low German, from Dutch passaat. Genericized trademark. Doublet of pasat.


trumna

pl-noun

trumna f (diminutive trumienka, augmentative trumnisko, related adjective trumienny or trumniany)

trumienka (diminutive)
trumnisko (augmentative)
trumienny (adjective)
trumniany (adjective)
trumna (nominative singular)
trumny (nominative plural)
trumny (genitive singular)
trumien (genitive plural)
trumnie (dative singular)
trumnom (dative plural)
trumnę (accusative singular)
trumny (accusative plural)
trumną (instrumental singular)
trumnami (instrumental plural)
trumnie (locative singular)
trumnach (locative plural)
trumno (singular vocative)
trumny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish trona (“chest”), from Middle High German truhe, from Old High German truha. Compare Ukrainian труна́ (truná).

inh+

(colloquial) airplane or ship with a risk of disaster


bryg

bryg (nominative singular)
brygi (nominative plural)
brygu (genitive singular)
brygów (genitive plural)
brygowi (dative singular)
brygom (dative plural)
bryg (accusative singular)
brygi (accusative plural)
brygiem (instrumental singular)
brygami (instrumental plural)
brygu (locative singular)
brygach (locative plural)
brygu (singular vocative)
brygi (plural vocative)


deskorolka

deskorolka (nominative singular)
deskorolki (nominative plural)
deskorolki (genitive singular)
deskorolek (genitive plural)
deskorolce (dative singular)
deskorolkom (dative plural)
deskorolkę (accusative singular)
deskorolki (accusative plural)
deskorolką (instrumental singular)
deskorolkami (instrumental plural)
deskorolce (locative singular)
deskorolkach (locative plural)
deskorolko (singular vocative)
deskorolki (plural vocative)


bandzior

bandzior (nominative singular)
bandziory (nominative plural)
bandziora (genitive singular)
bandziorów (genitive plural)
bandziorowi (dative singular)
bandziorom (dative plural)
bandziora (accusative singular)
bandziory (accusative plural)
bandziorem (instrumental singular)
bandziorami (instrumental plural)
bandziorze (locative singular)
bandziorach (locative plural)
bandziorze (singular vocative)
bandziory (plural vocative)


licznik

licznik (nominative singular)
liczniki (nominative plural)
licznika (genitive singular)
liczników (genitive plural)
licznikowi (dative singular)
licznikom (dative plural)
licznik (accusative singular)
liczniki (accusative plural)
licznikiem (instrumental singular)
licznikami (instrumental plural)
liczniku (locative singular)
licznikach (locative plural)
liczniku (singular vocative)
liczniki (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: mianownik

(arithmetic) numerator (number or expression written above the line in a fraction)


niszczyciel

niszczyciel (nominative singular)
niszczyciele (nominative plural)
niszczyciela (genitive singular)
niszczycieli (genitive plural)
niszczycielowi (dative singular)
niszczycielom (dative plural)
niszczyciela (accusative singular)
niszczycieli (accusative plural)
niszczycielem (instrumental singular)
niszczycielami (instrumental plural)
niszczycielu (locative singular)
niszczycielach (locative plural)
niszczycielu (singular vocative)
niszczyciele (plural vocative)

/ɲiʂˈt͡ʂɘ.t͡ɕɛl/


niszczyciel

niszczyciel (nominative singular)
niszczyciele (nominative plural)
niszczyciela (genitive singular)
niszczycieli (genitive plural)
niszczycielowi (dative singular)
niszczycielom (dative plural)
niszczyciel (accusative singular)
niszczyciele (accusative plural)
niszczycielem (instrumental singular)
niszczycielami (instrumental plural)
niszczycielu (locative singular)
niszczycielach (locative plural)
niszczycielu (singular vocative)
niszczyciele (plural vocative)

/ɲiʂˈt͡ʂɘ.t͡ɕɛl/


lodołamacz

lodołamacz (nominative singular)
lodołamacze (nominative plural)
lodołamacza (genitive singular)
lodołamaczy (genitive plural)
lodołamaczowi (dative singular)
lodołamaczom (dative plural)
lodołamacz (accusative singular)
lodołamacze (accusative plural)
lodołamaczem (instrumental singular)
lodołamaczami (instrumental plural)
lodołamaczu (locative singular)
lodołamaczach (locative plural)
lodołamaczu (singular vocative)
lodołamacze (plural vocative)

From lód (“ice”) + -o- + łamać (“to break, snap”) + -acz.

af

icebreaker (ship designed to break through ice)


karoseria

karoseria (nominative singular)
karoserie (nominative plural)
karoserii (genitive singular)
karoserii (genitive plural)
karoseryj (archaic genitive plural)
karoserii (dative singular)
karoseriom (dative plural)
karoserię (accusative singular)
karoserie (accusative plural)
karoserią (instrumental singular)
karoseriami (instrumental plural)
karoserii (locative singular)
karoseriach (locative plural)
karoserio (singular vocative)
karoserie (plural vocative)

coachwork (body, the largest part of a car)


amortyzator

amortyzator (nominative singular)
amortyzatory (nominative plural)
amortyzatora (genitive singular)
amortyzatorów (genitive plural)
amortyzatorowi (dative singular)
amortyzatorom (dative plural)
amortyzator (accusative singular)
amortyzatory (accusative plural)
amortyzatorem (instrumental singular)
amortyzatorami (instrumental plural)
amortyzatorze (locative singular)
amortyzatorach (locative plural)
amortyzatorze (singular vocative)
amortyzatory (plural vocative)

From amortyzować + -ator. First attested in 1910.

ref

Kurjer Warszawski (in Polish), number R.90, nr 133, 1910, page 17

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(automotive, mechanical engineering) shock absorber


hamulec

pl-noun

hamulec m inan (related adjective hamulcowy)

hamulcowy (adjective)
hamulec (nominative singular)
hamulce (nominative plural)
hamulca (genitive singular)
hamulców (genitive plural)
hamulcowi (dative singular)
hamulcom (dative plural)
hamulec (accusative singular)
hamulce (accusative plural)
hamulcem (instrumental singular)
hamulcami (instrumental plural)
hamulcu (locative singular)
hamulcach (locative plural)
hamulcu (singular vocative)
hamulce (plural vocative)

(engineering) brake (device used to slow or stop the motion of a wheel, or of a vehicle, usually by friction (although other resistive forces, such as electromagnetic fields or aerodynamic drag, can also be used); also, the controls or apparatus used to engage such a mechanism such as the pedal in a car)


sprzęgło

sprzęgło (nominative singular)
sprzęgła (nominative plural)
sprzęgła (genitive singular)
sprzęgieł (genitive plural)
sprzęgłu (dative singular)
sprzęgłom (dative plural)
sprzęgło (accusative singular)
sprzęgła (accusative plural)
sprzęgłem (instrumental singular)
sprzęgłami (instrumental plural)
sprzęgle (locative singular)
sprzęgłach (locative plural)
sprzęgło (singular vocative)
sprzęgła (plural vocative)

/ˈspʂɛŋ.ɡwɔ/

(colloquial) clutch (pedal in a car that disengages power transmission)


kierownica

kierownica (nominative singular)
kierownice (nominative plural)
kierownicy (genitive singular)
kierownic (genitive plural)
kierownicy (dative singular)
kierownicom (dative plural)
kierownicę (accusative singular)
kierownice (accusative plural)
kierownicą (instrumental singular)
kierownicami (instrumental plural)
kierownicy (locative singular)
kierownicach (locative plural)
kierownico (singular vocative)
kierownice (plural vocative)


wycieraczka

wycieraczka (nominative singular)
wycieraczki (nominative plural)
wycieraczki (genitive singular)
wycieraczek (genitive plural)
wycieraczce (dative singular)
wycieraczkom (dative plural)
wycieraczkę (accusative singular)
wycieraczki (accusative plural)
wycieraczką (instrumental singular)
wycieraczkami (instrumental plural)
wycieraczce (locative singular)
wycieraczkach (locative plural)
wycieraczko (singular vocative)
wycieraczki (plural vocative)


piroga

piroga (nominative singular)
pirogi (nominative plural)
pirogi (genitive singular)
pirog (genitive plural)
pirodze (dative singular)
pirogom (dative plural)
pirogę (accusative singular)
pirogi (accusative plural)
pirogą (instrumental singular)
pirogami (instrumental plural)
pirodze (locative singular)
pirogach (locative plural)
pirogo (singular vocative)
pirogi (plural vocative)


kord

kordzik (diminutive)
kord (nominative singular)
kordy (nominative plural)
korda (genitive singular)
kordów (genitive plural)
kordowi (dative singular)
kordom (dative plural)
kord (accusative singular)
kordy (accusative plural)
kordem (instrumental singular)
kordami (instrumental plural)
kordzie (locative singular)
kordach (locative plural)
kordzie (singular vocative)
kordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian kard. Doublet of kard.

Bauernwehr (typical weapon of the common people in the Middle Ages and early modern times, which was particularly widespread in the 15th and 16th centuries)

(informal, nautical) cutlass (short sword with a curved blade, and a convex edge; once used by sailors when boarding an enemy ship)


kord

kordowy (adjective)
kord (nominative singular)
kordy (nominative plural)
kordu (genitive singular)
kordów (genitive plural)
kordowi (dative singular)
kordom (dative plural)
kord (accusative singular)
kordy (accusative plural)
kordem (instrumental singular)
kordami (instrumental plural)
kordzie (locative singular)
kordach (locative plural)
kordzie (singular vocative)
kordy (plural vocative)

cord (internal structure that reinforces the tyre of a vehicle, made of a layer of fibers or steel mesh)


ponton

pontonik (diminutive)
ponton (nominative singular)
pontony (nominative plural)
pontonu (genitive singular)
pontonów (genitive plural)
pontonowi (dative singular)
pontonom (dative plural)
ponton (accusative singular)
pontony (accusative plural)
pontonem (instrumental singular)
pontonami (instrumental plural)
pontonie (locative singular)
pontonach (locative plural)
pontonie (singular vocative)
pontony (plural vocative)

(nautical) raft, dinghy (small inflatable boat)


slup

slup (nominative singular)
slupy (nominative plural)
slupu (genitive singular)
slupów (genitive plural)
slupowi (dative singular)
slupom (dative plural)
slup (accusative singular)
slupy (accusative plural)
slupem (instrumental singular)
slupami (instrumental plural)
slupie (locative singular)
slupach (locative plural)
slupie (singular vocative)
slupy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch sloep, from Middle French chaloupe, chaloppe, from Old French eschalope. Doublet of szalupa.

(nautical) sloop (single-masted sailboat)


galeon

galeon (nominative singular)
galeony (nominative plural)
galeonu (genitive singular)
galeonów (genitive plural)
galeonowi (dative singular)
galeonom (dative plural)
galeon (accusative singular)
galeony (accusative plural)
galeonem (instrumental singular)
galeonami (instrumental plural)
galeonie (locative singular)
galeonach (locative plural)
galeonie (singular vocative)
galeony (plural vocative)


żaglowiec

żaglowiec (nominative singular)
żaglowce (nominative plural)
żaglowca (genitive singular)
żaglowców (genitive plural)
żaglowcowi (dative singular)
żaglowcom (dative plural)
żaglowiec (accusative singular)
żaglowce (accusative plural)
żaglowcem (instrumental singular)
żaglowcami (instrumental plural)
żaglowcu (locative singular)
żaglowcach (locative plural)
żaglowcu (singular vocative)
żaglowce (plural vocative)


żaglówka

żaglówka (nominative singular)
żaglówki (nominative plural)
żaglówki (genitive singular)
żaglówek (genitive plural)
żaglówce (dative singular)
żaglówkom (dative plural)
żaglówkę (accusative singular)
żaglówki (accusative plural)
żaglówką (instrumental singular)
żaglówkami (instrumental plural)
żaglówce (locative singular)
żaglówkach (locative plural)
żaglówko (singular vocative)
żaglówki (plural vocative)


trojka

trojka (nominative singular)
trojki (nominative plural)
trojki (genitive singular)
trojek (genitive plural)
trojce (dative singular)
trojkom (dative plural)
trojkę (accusative singular)
trojki (accusative plural)
trojką (instrumental singular)
trojkami (instrumental plural)
trojce (locative singular)
trojkach (locative plural)
trojko (singular vocative)
trojki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian тройка (trojka). Doublet of trójka.

troika (Russian vehicle pulled by three horses)


zmywarka

zmywarka (nominative singular)
zmywarki (nominative plural)
zmywarki (genitive singular)
zmywarek (genitive plural)
zmywarce (dative singular)
zmywarkom (dative plural)
zmywarkę (accusative singular)
zmywarki (accusative plural)
zmywarką (instrumental singular)
zmywarkami (instrumental plural)
zmywarce (locative singular)
zmywarkach (locative plural)
zmywarko (singular vocative)
zmywarki (plural vocative)

dishwasher (machine that is used to clean dishware, cookware, and cutlery automatically)


syrena

syrenka (diminutive)
syrena (nominative singular)
syreny (nominative plural)
syreny (genitive singular)
syren (genitive plural)
syrenie (dative singular)
syrenom (dative plural)
syrenę (accusative singular)
syreny (accusative plural)
syreną (instrumental singular)
syrenami (instrumental plural)
syrenie (locative singular)
syrenach (locative plural)
syreno (singular vocative)
syreny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sirène, from Latin sirēna, from Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).

mermaid (mythological woman with a fish's tail)


szkuner

szkuner (nominative singular)
szkunery (nominative plural)
szkunera (genitive singular)
szkunerów (genitive plural)
szkunerowi (dative singular)
szkunerom (dative plural)
szkuner (accusative singular)
szkunery (accusative plural)
szkunerem (instrumental singular)
szkunerami (instrumental plural)
szkunerze (locative singular)
szkunerach (locative plural)
szkunerze (singular vocative)
szkunery (plural vocative)


batyskaf

batyskaf (nominative singular)
batyskafy (nominative plural)
batyskafu (genitive singular)
batyskafów (genitive plural)
batyskafowi (dative singular)
batyskafom (dative plural)
batyskaf (accusative singular)
batyskafy (accusative plural)
batyskafem (instrumental singular)
batyskafami (instrumental plural)
batyskafie (locative singular)
batyskafach (locative plural)
batyskafie (singular vocative)
batyskafy (plural vocative)


nawa

nawowy (adjective)
nawa (nominative singular)
nawy (nominative plural)
nawy (genitive singular)
naw (genitive plural)
nawie (dative singular)
nawom (dative plural)
nawę (accusative singular)
nawy (accusative plural)
nawą (instrumental singular)
nawami (instrumental plural)
nawie (locative singular)
nawach (locative plural)
nawo (singular vocative)
nawy (plural vocative)

(obsolete, nautical) craft, ship, vessel


bibliobus

bibliobus m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
bibliobus (nominative singular)
bibliobusy (nominative plural)
bibliobusa (genitive singular)
bibliobusu (genitive singular)
bibliobusów (genitive plural)
bibliobusowi (dative singular)
bibliobusom (dative plural)
bibliobusa (accusative singular)
bibliobus (accusative singular)
bibliobusy (accusative plural)
bibliobusem (instrumental singular)
bibliobusami (instrumental plural)
bibliobusie (locative singular)
bibliobusach (locative plural)
bibliobusie (singular vocative)
bibliobusy (plural vocative)

From biblio- + bus. First attested in 1932.


pozycja

pozycja f (related adjective pozycyjny, abbreviation poz.)

pozycyjny (adjective)
poz. (abbreviation)
pozycja (nominative singular)
pozycje (nominative plural)
pozycji (genitive singular)
pozycji (genitive plural)
pozycyj (archaic genitive plural)
pozycji (dative singular)
pozycjom (dative plural)
pozycję (accusative singular)
pozycje (accusative plural)
pozycją (instrumental singular)
pozycjami (instrumental plural)
pozycji (locative singular)
pozycjach (locative plural)
pozycjo (singular vocative)
pozycje (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: pozycyjŏ

Learned borrowing from Latin positiō. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pozycja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(military) position (post; area prepared in a specific way in which a military unit defends itself)


bicykl

bicykl (nominative singular)
bicykle (nominative plural)
bicykla (genitive singular)
bicykli (genitive plural)
bicyklów (genitive plural)
bicyklowi (dative singular)
bicyklom (dative plural)
bicykl (accusative singular)
bicykle (accusative plural)
bicyklem (instrumental singular)
bicyklami (instrumental plural)
bicyklu (locative singular)
bicyklach (locative plural)
bicyklu (singular vocative)
bicykle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bicycle. By surface analysis, bi- + cykl.


furgon

furgon (nominative singular)
furgony (nominative plural)
furgonu (genitive singular)
furgonów (genitive plural)
furgonowi (dative singular)
furgonom (dative plural)
furgon (accusative singular)
furgony (accusative plural)
furgonem (instrumental singular)
furgonami (instrumental plural)
furgonie (locative singular)
furgonach (locative plural)
furgonie (singular vocative)
furgony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French fourgon, from Vulgar Latin *furicōnem, from *furicāre, from Latin furō.

panel van (large van without side windows or rear seats, with a chassis too big for a car)


słonka

słonka (nominative singular)
słonki (nominative plural)
słonki (genitive singular)
słonek (genitive plural)
słonce (dative singular)
słonkom (dative plural)
słonkę (accusative singular)
słonki (accusative plural)
słonką (instrumental singular)
słonkami (instrumental plural)
słonce (locative singular)
słonkach (locative plural)
słonko (singular vocative)
słonki (plural vocative)


maluch

maluszek (diminutive)
maluch (nominative singular)
maluchy (nominative plural)
malucha (genitive singular)
maluchów (genitive plural)
maluchowi (dative singular)
maluchom (dative plural)
malucha (accusative singular)
maluchy (accusative plural)
maluchem (instrumental singular)
maluchami (instrumental plural)
maluchu (locative singular)
maluchach (locative plural)
maluchu (singular vocative)
maluchy (plural vocative)


łódka

łódeczka (diminutive)
łódka (nominative singular)
łódki (nominative plural)
łódki (genitive singular)
łódek (genitive plural)
łódce (dative singular)
łódkom (dative plural)
łódkę (accusative singular)
łódki (accusative plural)
łódką (instrumental singular)
łódkami (instrumental plural)
łódce (locative singular)
łódkach (locative plural)
łódko (singular vocative)
łódki (plural vocative)


kaper

kaper (nominative singular)
kaprowie (nominative plural)
kaprzy (nominative plural)
kapra (genitive singular)
kaprów (genitive plural)
kaprowi (dative singular)
kaprom (dative plural)
kapra (accusative singular)
kaprów (accusative plural)
kaprem (instrumental singular)
kaprami (instrumental plural)
kaprze (locative singular)
kaprach (locative plural)
kaprze (singular vocative)
kaprowie (plural vocative)
kaprzy (plural vocative)

(historical) privateer (government-sanctioned pirate)


kaper

kaper (nominative singular)
kapry (nominative plural)
kapra (genitive singular)
kaprów (genitive plural)
kaprowi (dative singular)
kaprom (dative plural)
kaper (accusative singular)
kapry (accusative plural)
kaprem (instrumental singular)
kaprami (instrumental plural)
kaprze (locative singular)
kaprach (locative plural)
kaprze (singular vocative)
kapry (plural vocative)

(historical, in the plural) privateer (privately owned warship that had official sanction to attack enemy ships and take possession of their cargo)


błotnik

błotnik (nominative singular)
błotniki (nominative plural)
błotnika (genitive singular)
błotników (genitive plural)
błotnikowi (dative singular)
błotnikom (dative plural)
błotnika (accusative singular)
błotniki (accusative plural)
błotnikiem (instrumental singular)
błotnikami (instrumental plural)
błotniku (locative singular)
błotnikach (locative plural)
błotniku (singular vocative)
błotniki (plural vocative)

From błoto + -nik. First attested in 1621.

(obsolete) Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus


klakson

klakson (nominative singular)
klaksony (nominative plural)
klaksonu (genitive singular)
klaksonów (genitive plural)
klaksonowi (dative singular)
klaksonom (dative plural)
klakson (accusative singular)
klaksony (accusative plural)
klaksonem (instrumental singular)
klaksonami (instrumental plural)
klaksonie (locative singular)
klaksonach (locative plural)
klaksonie (singular vocative)
klaksony (plural vocative)

horn (any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually made of metal and often curved in various ways, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges)

horn, hooter, klaxon (loud alarm, especially one on a motor vehicle)


ręczny

ręczny (nominative singular)
ręczne (nominative plural)
ręcznego (genitive singular)
ręcznych (genitive plural)
ręcznemu (dative singular)
ręcznym (dative plural)
ręczny (accusative singular)
ręczne (accusative plural)
ręcznym (instrumental singular)
ręcznymi (instrumental plural)
ręcznym (locative singular)
ręcznych (locative plural)
ręczny (singular vocative)
ręczne (plural vocative)


lusterko

lustereczko (diminutive)
lusterko (nominative singular)
lusterka (nominative plural)
lusterka (genitive singular)
lusterek (genitive plural)
lusterku (dative singular)
lusterkom (dative plural)
lusterko (accusative singular)
lusterka (accusative plural)
lusterkiem (instrumental singular)
lusterkami (instrumental plural)
lusterku (locative singular)
lusterkach (locative plural)
lusterko (singular vocative)
lusterka (plural vocative)

any mirror on a vehicle, e.g. wing mirror or rear-view mirror


trabant

trabant (nominative singular)
trabanci (nominative plural)
trabanty (derogatory nominative plural)
trabanta (genitive singular)
trabantów (genitive plural)
trabantowi (dative singular)
trabantom (dative plural)
trabanta (accusative singular)
trabantów (accusative plural)
trabantem (instrumental singular)
trabantami (instrumental plural)
trabancie (locative singular)
trabantach (locative plural)
trabancie (singular vocative)
trabanci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trabant, from Middle High German drabant. Doublet of drab and drabant.


trabant

trabancik (diminutive)
trabant (nominative singular)
trabanty (nominative plural)
trabanta (genitive singular)
trabantów (genitive plural)
trabantowi (dative singular)
trabantom (dative plural)
trabanta (accusative singular)
trabanty (accusative plural)
trabantem (instrumental singular)
trabantami (instrumental plural)
trabancie (locative singular)
trabantach (locative plural)
trabancie (singular vocative)
trabanty (plural vocative)


kanonierka

kanonierka (nominative singular)
kanonierki (nominative plural)
kanonierki (genitive singular)
kanonierek (genitive plural)
kanonierce (dative singular)
kanonierkom (dative plural)
kanonierkę (accusative singular)
kanonierki (accusative plural)
kanonierką (instrumental singular)
kanonierkami (instrumental plural)
kanonierce (locative singular)
kanonierkach (locative plural)
kanonierko (singular vocative)
kanonierki (plural vocative)


elektryk

pl-noun

elektryk m pers (female equivalent elektryczka)

elektryczka (feminine)
elektryk (nominative singular)
elektrycy (nominative plural)
elektryki (derogatory nominative plural)
elektryka (genitive singular)
elektryków (genitive plural)
elektrykowi (dative singular)
elektrykom (dative plural)
elektryka (accusative singular)
elektryków (accusative plural)
elektrykiem (instrumental singular)
elektrykami (instrumental plural)
elektryku (locative singular)
elektrykach (locative plural)
elektryku (singular vocative)
elektrycy (plural vocative)

electrician (tradesperson who installs, repairs, and maintains electrical wiring and equipment)


elektryk

elektryk (nominative singular)
elektryki (nominative plural)
elektryka (genitive singular)
elektryków (genitive plural)
elektrykowi (dative singular)
elektrykom (dative plural)
elektryk (accusative singular)
elektryki (accusative plural)
elektrykiem (instrumental singular)
elektrykami (instrumental plural)
elektryku (locative singular)
elektrykach (locative plural)
elektryku (singular vocative)
elektryki (plural vocative)

(colloquial, education) electrical technical school (secondary school with an electrical profile)


elektryk

elektryk (nominative singular)
elektryki (nominative plural)
elektryka (genitive singular)
elektryków (genitive plural)
elektrykowi (dative singular)
elektrykom (dative plural)
elektryka (accusative singular)
elektryki (accusative plural)
elektrykiem (instrumental singular)
elektrykami (instrumental plural)
elektryku (locative singular)
elektrykach (locative plural)
elektryku (singular vocative)
elektryki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) electric car (car that uses electric motors and motor controllers instead of an internal combustion engine, the power coming from rechargeable batteries)


elektryk

electronic cigarette
electronic cigarette

(colloquial) electronic cigarette, vapor pen (cylindrical battery-powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution)


kabriolet

kabriolet (nominative singular)
kabriolety (nominative plural)
kabrioletu (genitive singular)
kabrioletów (genitive plural)
kabrioletowi (dative singular)
kabrioletom (dative plural)
kabriolet (accusative singular)
kabriolety (accusative plural)
kabrioletem (instrumental singular)
kabrioletami (instrumental plural)
kabriolecie (locative singular)
kabrioletach (locative plural)
kabriolecie (singular vocative)
kabriolety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French cabriolet, from Italian cabriola, from Latin capreolus, from Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“buck, he-goat”).


suw

suw m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
suw (nominative singular)
suwy (nominative plural)
suwa (genitive singular)
suwów (genitive plural)
suwowi (dative singular)
suwom (dative plural)
suw (accusative singular)
suwa (accusative singular)
suwy (accusative plural)
suwem (instrumental singular)
suwami (instrumental plural)
suwie (locative singular)
suwach (locative plural)
suwie (singular vocative)
suwy (plural vocative)


sanie

sanki (diminutive)
sanie (nominative plural)
sań (genitive plural)
sani (genitive plural)
saniom (dative plural)
sanie (accusative plural)
saniami (instrumental plural)
sańmi (instrumental plural)
saniach (locative plural)
sanie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish sani, from Proto-Slavic *sani, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śaʔnos, *śaʔnis.


rakieta

rakieta (nominative singular)
rakiety (nominative plural)
rakiety (genitive singular)
rakiet (genitive plural)
rakiecie (dative singular)
rakietom (dative plural)
rakietę (accusative singular)
rakiety (accusative plural)
rakietą (instrumental singular)
rakietami (instrumental plural)
rakiecie (locative singular)
rakietach (locative plural)
rakieto (singular vocative)
rakiety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rakete, from Italian rocchetta.

rocket (a vehicle propelled by a rocket engine)


kibel

kibelek (diminutive)
kibel (nominative singular)
kible (nominative plural)
kibla (genitive singular)
kibli (genitive plural)
kiblowi (dative singular)
kiblom (dative plural)
kibel (accusative singular)
kible (accusative plural)
kiblem (instrumental singular)
kiblami (instrumental plural)
kiblu (locative singular)
kiblach (locative plural)
kiblu (singular vocative)
kible (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kübel, from Old High German kubilo, from Latin cūpula. Doublet of kubeł (“bucket”) and kopuła.

electric multiple unit
electric multiple unit

(slang, rail transport) PKP class EN57 electric multiple unit


resor

pl-noun

resor m inan (diminutive resorek, related adjective resorowy)

resorek (diminutive)
resorowy (adjective)
resor (nominative singular)
resory (nominative plural)
resoru (genitive singular)
resorów (genitive plural)
resorowi (dative singular)
resorom (dative plural)
resor (accusative singular)
resory (accusative plural)
resorem (instrumental singular)
resorami (instrumental plural)
resorze (locative singular)
resorach (locative plural)
resorze (singular vocative)
resory (plural vocative)


radiowóz

radiowóz (nominative singular)
radiowozy (nominative plural)
radiowozu (genitive singular)
radiowozów (genitive plural)
radiowozowi (dative singular)
radiowozom (dative plural)
radiowóz (accusative singular)
radiowozy (accusative plural)
radiowozem (instrumental singular)
radiowozami (instrumental plural)
radiowozie (locative singular)
radiowozach (locative plural)
radiowozie (singular vocative)
radiowozy (plural vocative)


dubas

dubas (nominative singular)
dubasy (nominative plural)
dubasa (genitive singular)
dubasów (genitive plural)
dubasowi (dative singular)
dubasom (dative plural)
dubas (accusative singular)
dubasy (accusative plural)
dubasem (instrumental singular)
dubasami (instrumental plural)
dubasie (locative singular)
dubasach (locative plural)
dubasie (singular vocative)
dubasy (plural vocative)

(historical, nautical) a type of riverboat used mainly for transporting goods


pick-up

pick-up (nominative singular)
pick-upy (nominative plural)
pick-upu (genitive singular)
pick-upa (genitive singular)
pick-upów (genitive plural)
pick-upowi (dative singular)
pick-upom (dative plural)
pick-up (accusative singular)
pick-upy (accusative plural)
pick-upem (instrumental singular)
pick-upami (instrumental plural)
pick-upie (locative singular)
pick-upach (locative plural)
pick-upie (singular vocative)
pick-upy (plural vocative)


kamper

kamper (nominative singular)
kampery (nominative plural)
kamperu (genitive singular)
kamperów (genitive plural)
kamperowi (dative singular)
kamperom (dative plural)
kamper (accusative singular)
kampery (accusative plural)
kamperem (instrumental singular)
kamperami (instrumental plural)
kamperze (locative singular)
kamperach (locative plural)
kamperze (singular vocative)
kampery (plural vocative)

recreational vehicle
recreational vehicle

camper, campervan, motor home, recreational vehicle