barter

barter (nominative singular)
bartery (nominative plural)
barteru (genitive singular)
barterów (genitive plural)
barterowi (dative singular)
barterom (dative plural)
barter (accusative singular)
bartery (accusative plural)
barterem (instrumental singular)
barterami (instrumental plural)
barterze (locative singular)
barterach (locative plural)
barterze (singular vocative)
bartery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English barter, from Middle English, from Old French barater.

(business) barter (an exchange of goods or services without the use of money)


peso

Borrowed from Spanish peso, from Old Spanish peso, from Vulgar Latin *pēsum, from Latin pēnsum, from pendō.

peso (designation for specific currency)


euro

Internationalism; compare English euro, French euro, German Euro.

euro (currency unit of the European Monetary Union; symbol: €)


deal

deal (nominative singular)
deale (nominative plural)
dealu (genitive singular)
deali (genitive plural)
dealowi (dative singular)
dealom (dative plural)
deal (accusative singular)
deale (accusative plural)
dealem (instrumental singular)
dealami (instrumental plural)
dealu (locative singular)
dealach (locative plural)
dealu (singular vocative)
deale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English deal, from Middle English delen, from Old English dǣlan, from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan, from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰail-.

(business, slang) deal (transaction offered which is financially beneficial; a bargain)


port

pl-noun

port m inan (diminutive porcik, related adjective portowy)

porcik (diminutive)
portowy (adjective)
port (nominative singular)
porty (nominative plural)
portu (genitive singular)
portów (genitive plural)
portowi (dative singular)
portom (dative plural)
port (accusative singular)
porty (accusative plural)
portem (instrumental singular)
portami (instrumental plural)
porcie (locative singular)
portach (locative plural)
porcie (singular vocative)
porty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: pòrt

Inherited from Old Polish port. Sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from English port. Doublet of fiord (“fjord”).

sl

port (a place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers)


market

market (nominative singular)
markety (nominative plural)
marketu (genitive singular)
marketów (genitive plural)
marketowi (dative singular)
marketom (dative plural)
market (accusative singular)
markety (accusative plural)
marketem (instrumental singular)
marketami (instrumental plural)
markecie (locative singular)
marketach (locative plural)
markecie (singular vocative)
markety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English market, from Middle English market, from late Old English market and Anglo-Norman markiet, from Latin mercātus.


bank

bank (nominative singular)
banki (nominative plural)
banku (genitive singular)
banków (genitive plural)
bankowi (dative singular)
bankom (dative plural)
bank (accusative singular)
banki (accusative plural)
bankiem (instrumental singular)
bankami (instrumental plural)
banku (locative singular)
bankach (locative plural)
banku (singular vocative)
banki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bank, French banque, German Bank, ultimately from Lombardic bank.

trzymać bank

(gambling, card games) bank (a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw)


second hand

pl-noun

second hand m inan (related adjective secondhandowy)

secondhandowy (adjective)
second hand (nominative singular)
second handy (nominative plural)
second handu (genitive singular)
second handów (genitive plural)
second handowi (dative singular)
second handom (dative plural)
second hand (accusative singular)
second handy (accusative plural)
second handem (instrumental singular)
second handami (instrumental plural)
second handzie (locative singular)
second handach (locative plural)
second handzie (singular vocative)
second handy (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from second-hand clothing.

pseudo-loan

thrift shop (store that sells second-hand clothing)


boom

boom (nominative singular)
boomy (nominative plural)
boomu (genitive singular)
boomów (genitive plural)
boomowi (dative singular)
boomom (dative plural)
boom (accusative singular)
boomy (accusative plural)
boomem (instrumental singular)
boomami (instrumental plural)
boomie (locative singular)
boomach (locative plural)
boomie (singular vocative)
boomy (plural vocative)

(economics, business) boom (period of prosperity)


drukarka

drukarka (nominative singular)
drukarki (nominative plural)
drukarki (genitive singular)
drukarek (genitive plural)
drukarce (dative singular)
drukarkom (dative plural)
drukarkę (accusative singular)
drukarki (accusative plural)
drukarką (instrumental singular)
drukarkami (instrumental plural)
drukarce (locative singular)
drukarkach (locative plural)
drukarko (singular vocative)
drukarki (plural vocative)


ściana

pl-noun

ściana f (diminutive ścianka, related adjective ścianowy or ścienny)

ścianka (diminutive)
ścianowy (adjective)
ścienny (adjective)
ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścian (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianom (dative plural)
ścianę (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianą (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ściana. Sense 9 is a semantic loan from English wall.

sl

(mining) wall (exposed surface of the mineral deposit where it is being mined)


businessman

pl-noun

businessman m pers (female equivalent businesswoman)

businesswoman (feminine)
businessman (nominative singular)
businessmani (nominative plural)
businessmany (derogatory nominative plural)
businessmana (genitive singular)
businessmanów (genitive plural)
businessmanowi (dative singular)
businessmanom (dative plural)
businessmana (accusative singular)
businessmanów (accusative plural)
businessmanem (instrumental singular)
businessmanami (instrumental plural)
businessmanie (locative singular)
businessmanach (locative plural)
businessmanie (singular vocative)
businessmani (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English businessman.

ubor

(business) Alternative spelling of biznesmen


talent

talencik (diminutive)
talent (nominative singular)
talenty (nominative plural)
talenta (genitive singular)
talentów (genitive plural)
talentowi (dative singular)
talentom (dative plural)
talenta (accusative singular)
talenty (accusative plural)
talentem (instrumental singular)
talentami (instrumental plural)
talencie (locative singular)
talentach (locative plural)
talencie (singular vocative)
talenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin talentum, from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton), from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-


rata

ratka (diminutive)
rata (nominative singular)
raty (nominative plural)
raty (genitive singular)
rat (genitive plural)
racie (dative singular)
ratom (dative plural)
ratę (accusative singular)
raty (accusative plural)
ratą (instrumental singular)
ratami (instrumental plural)
racie (locative singular)
ratach (locative plural)
rato (singular vocative)
raty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rate, from Medieval Latin rata, from Latin ratus.

(banking, finance) installment (portion of debt)


lit

lit (nominative singular)
lity (nominative plural)
lita (genitive singular)
litów (genitive plural)
litowi (dative singular)
litom (dative plural)
lita (accusative singular)
lity (accusative plural)
litem (instrumental singular)
litami (instrumental plural)
licie (locative singular)
litach (locative plural)
licie (singular vocative)
lity (plural vocative)

(historical) litas (former unit of currency of Lithuania)


business

business (nominative singular)
businessy (nominative plural)
businessu (genitive singular)
businessów (genitive plural)
businessowi (dative singular)
businessom (dative plural)
business (accusative singular)
businessy (accusative plural)
businessem (instrumental singular)
businessami (instrumental plural)
businessie (locative singular)
businessach (locative plural)
businessie (singular vocative)
businessy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English business.

(business, education) Alternative spelling of biznes


bat

bat (nominative singular)
baty (nominative plural)
bata (genitive singular)
batów (genitive plural)
batowi (dative singular)
batom (dative plural)
bata (accusative singular)
baty (accusative plural)
batem (instrumental singular)
batami (instrumental plural)
bacie (locative singular)
batach (locative plural)
bacie (singular vocative)
baty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Thai บาท (bàat), from Sanskrit पाद (pāda).


won

won (nominative singular)
wony (nominative plural)
wona (genitive singular)
wonów (genitive plural)
wonowi (dative singular)
wonom (dative plural)
wona (accusative singular)
wony (accusative plural)
wonem (instrumental singular)
wonami (instrumental plural)
wonie (locative singular)
wonach (locative plural)
wonie (singular vocative)
wony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Korean 원 (won), from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán).


klub

pl-noun

klub m inan (diminutive klubik, related adjective klubowy)

klubik (diminutive)
klubowy (adjective)
klub (nominative singular)
kluby (nominative plural)
klubu (genitive singular)
klubów (genitive plural)
klubowi (dative singular)
klubom (dative plural)
klub (accusative singular)
kluby (accusative plural)
klubem (instrumental singular)
klubami (instrumental plural)
klubie (locative singular)
klubach (locative plural)
klubie (singular vocative)
kluby (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Klub or French club, ultimately from English club.
First attested in the 18th century. Compare Silesian klub.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “klub”, in Słownik języka polskiego

Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “klub”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego

club, nightclub (establishment that is open late at night)


outlet

outlet (nominative singular)
outlety (nominative plural)
outletu (genitive singular)
outletów (genitive plural)
outletowi (dative singular)
outletom (dative plural)
outlet (accusative singular)
outlety (accusative plural)
outletem (instrumental singular)
outletami (instrumental plural)
outlecie (locative singular)
outletach (locative plural)
outlecie (singular vocative)
outlety (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English outlet.


errata

errata (nominative singular)
erraty (nominative plural)
erraty (genitive singular)
errat (genitive plural)
erracie (dative singular)
erratom (dative plural)
erratę (accusative singular)
erraty (accusative plural)
erratą (instrumental singular)
erratami (instrumental plural)
erracie (locative singular)
erratach (locative plural)
errato (singular vocative)
erraty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin errāta (“mistaken things, mistakes”), neuter plural of errātus (“mistaken”).

lbor

(typography) errata (typeface whose letters slant to the right)


pub

pub (nominative singular)
puby (nominative plural)
pubu (genitive singular)
pubów (genitive plural)
pubowi (dative singular)
pubom (dative plural)
pub (accusative singular)
puby (accusative plural)
pubem (instrumental singular)
pubami (instrumental plural)
pubie (locative singular)
pubach (locative plural)
pubie (singular vocative)
puby (plural vocative)


agora

agora (nominative singular)
agory (nominative plural)
agory (genitive singular)
agor (genitive plural)
agorze (dative singular)
agorom (dative plural)
agorę (accusative singular)
agory (accusative plural)
agorą (instrumental singular)
agorami (instrumental plural)
agorze (locative singular)
agorach (locative plural)
agoro (singular vocative)
agory (plural vocative)


ampersand

ampersand (nominative singular)
ampersandy (nominative plural)
ampersandu (genitive singular)
ampersandów (genitive plural)
ampersandowi (dative singular)
ampersandom (dative plural)
ampersand (accusative singular)
ampersandy (accusative plural)
ampersandem (instrumental singular)
ampersandami (instrumental plural)
ampersandzie (locative singular)
ampersandach (locative plural)
ampersandzie (singular vocative)
ampersandy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English ampersand. First attested in the 20th century.


café

Unadapted borrowing from French café. Doublet of kawa.

café, coffee shop (establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages, simple meals or snacks, with a facility to consume them on the premises)


slogan

slogan (nominative singular)
slogany (nominative plural)
sloganu (genitive singular)
sloganów (genitive plural)
sloganowi (dative singular)
sloganom (dative plural)
slogan (accusative singular)
slogany (accusative plural)
sloganem (instrumental singular)
sloganami (instrumental plural)
sloganie (locative singular)
sloganach (locative plural)
sloganie (singular vocative)
slogany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English slogan, from earlier sloggorne, slughorne, from Scottish Gaelic sluagh-ghairm, from Old Irish slúag, slóg, from Proto-Celtic *slougos, from Proto-Indo-European *slowgʰo-, *slowgo- + Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garman-, *garrman-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-.

(advertising) slogan (catch phrase associated with the product or service being advertised)


requiem

(music) requiem (musical composition composed for such a mass)


businesswoman

Unadapted borrowing from English businesswoman.

ubor

(business) Alternative spelling of bizneswoman


pilot

pilot (nominative singular)
piloty (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotów (genitive plural)
pilotowi (dative singular)
pilotom (dative plural)
pilot (accusative singular)
piloty (accusative plural)
pilotem (instrumental singular)
pilotami (instrumental plural)
pilocie (locative singular)
pilotach (locative plural)
pilocie (singular vocative)
piloty (plural vocative)

(film, marketing) trailer (preview of a film)


import

import (nominative singular)
importu (genitive singular)
importowi (dative singular)
import (accusative singular)
importem (instrumental singular)
imporcie (locative singular)
imporcie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English import, from Middle English importen, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō.

(economics) import (something brought in from a foreign country)


hype

hype (nominative singular)
hype'y (nominative plural)
hype'u (genitive singular)
hype'ów (genitive plural)
hype'owi (dative singular)
hype'om (dative plural)
hype (accusative singular)
hype'y (accusative plural)
hype'em (instrumental singular)
hype'ami (instrumental plural)
hypie (locative singular)
hype'ach (locative plural)
hypie (singular vocative)
hype'y (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: moda

+obj

(slang, marketing) hype [with na (+ accusative) ‘for what’; or with wokół (+ genitive) ‘around/surrounding what’]


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


cent

pl-noun

cent m animal (diminutive cencik, related adjective centowy)

cencik (diminutive)
centowy (adjective)
cent (nominative singular)
centy (nominative plural)
centa (genitive singular)
centów (genitive plural)
centowi (dative singular)
centom (dative plural)
centa (accusative singular)
centy (accusative plural)
centem (instrumental singular)
centami (instrumental plural)
cencie (locative singular)
centach (locative plural)
cencie (singular vocative)
centy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English cent, French cent, German Cent, ultimately from Latin centum. Doublet of sto.

cent (subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries; symbol: ¢)


real

real (nominative singular)
reale (nominative plural)
reala (genitive singular)
reali (genitive plural)
realowi (dative singular)
realom (dative plural)
real (accusative singular)
reale (accusative plural)
realem (instrumental singular)
realami (instrumental plural)
realu (locative singular)
realach (locative plural)
realu (singular vocative)
reale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish real, from Latin rēgālis.

(historical) real (former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies)


real

Borrowed from Portuguese real, from Latin rēgālis.

(historical) real (former unit of currency of Portugal and Brazil)


język

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.


melon

melon m inan (diminutive melonik, related adjective melonowy)

melonik (diminutive)
melonowy (adjective)
melon (nominative singular)
melony (nominative plural)
melona (genitive singular)
melonów (genitive plural)
melonowi (dative singular)
melonom (dative plural)
melon (accusative singular)
melony (accusative plural)
melonem (instrumental singular)
melonami (instrumental plural)
melonie (locative singular)
melonach (locative plural)
melonie (singular vocative)
melony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mēlōnis.

lbor

(colloquial) one million big ones (one million of any currency, especially PLN)


bar

pl-noun

bar m inan (diminutive barek, related adjective barowy)

barek (diminutive)
barowy (adjective)
bar (nominative singular)
bary (nominative plural)
baru (genitive singular)
barów (genitive plural)
barowi (dative singular)
barom (dative plural)
bar (accusative singular)
bary (accusative plural)
barem (instrumental singular)
barami (instrumental plural)
barze (locative singular)
barach (locative plural)
barze (singular vocative)
bary (plural vocative)

bar, public house (business selling alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises, or the premises themselves)

bar, luncheon bar, buffet, wet bar (area for the preparation of alcoholic drinks, equipped with a countertop having a sink and running water and usually located in a home, hotel room, or similar quarters)


bar

baryczny (adjective)
bar (nominative singular)
bary (nominative plural)
bara (genitive singular)
barów (genitive plural)
barowi (dative singular)
barom (dative plural)
bar (accusative singular)
bary (accusative plural)
barem (instrumental singular)
barami (instrumental plural)
barze (locative singular)
barach (locative plural)
barze (singular vocative)
bary (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros).

lbor

bar (non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level)


label

label (nominative singular)
labele (nominative plural)
labela (genitive singular)
labeli (genitive plural)
labelowi (dative singular)
labelom (dative plural)
label (accusative singular)
labele (accusative plural)
labelem (instrumental singular)
labelami (instrumental plural)
labelu (locative singular)
labelach (locative plural)
labelu (singular vocative)
labele (plural vocative)


trailer

trailer (nominative singular)
trailery (nominative plural)
trailera (genitive singular)
trailerów (genitive plural)
trailerowi (dative singular)
trailerom (dative plural)
trailer (accusative singular)
trailery (accusative plural)
trailerem (instrumental singular)
trailerami (instrumental plural)
trailerze (locative singular)
trailerach (locative plural)
trailerze (singular vocative)
trailery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English trailer.


rand

pl-noun

rand m animal (related adjective randowy)

randowy (adjective)
rand (nominative singular)
randy (nominative plural)
randa (genitive singular)
randów (genitive plural)
randowi (dative singular)
random (dative plural)
randa (accusative singular)
randy (accusative plural)
randem (instrumental singular)
randami (instrumental plural)
randzie (locative singular)
randach (locative plural)
randzie (singular vocative)
randy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Afrikaans rand. Doublet of rant.


trust

trust m inan (related adjective trustowy)

trustowy (adjective)
trust (nominative singular)
trusty (nominative plural)
trustu (genitive singular)
trustów (genitive plural)
trustowi (dative singular)
trustom (dative plural)
trust (accusative singular)
trusty (accusative plural)
trustem (instrumental singular)
trustami (instrumental plural)
truście (locative singular)
trustach (locative plural)
truście (singular vocative)
trusty (plural vocative)

(business) trust (group of businessmen or traders)


kip

kip (nominative singular)
kipy (nominative plural)
kipa (genitive singular)
kipów (genitive plural)
kipowi (dative singular)
kipom (dative plural)
kipa (accusative singular)
kipy (accusative plural)
kipem (instrumental singular)
kipami (instrumental plural)
kipie (locative singular)
kipach (locative plural)
kipie (singular vocative)
kipy (plural vocative)

kip (unit of currency in Laos, divided into 100 att)


moneta

monetka (diminutive)
moneta (nominative singular)
monety (nominative plural)
monety (genitive singular)
monet (genitive plural)
monecie (dative singular)
monetom (dative plural)
monetę (accusative singular)
monety (accusative plural)
monetą (instrumental singular)
monetami (instrumental plural)
monecie (locative singular)
monetach (locative plural)
moneto (singular vocative)
monety (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: moneta

desctree

→ Russian: монета (moneta)
→ Armenian: մանեթ (manetʻ)
→ Azerbaijani: manat
→? Finnish: moni (obsolete, Helsinki slang)
→ Georgian: მანეთი (maneti)
→ Ingrian: monetta
→ Karakalpak: manat
→ Kazakh: мәнет (mänet)
→ Persian: منات (manât)
→ Turkmen: manat
→ Yakut: манньыат (mannyıat)
→ Abkhaz: амааҭ (amaat)

→ Yiddish: מאָנעטע (monete)

Learned borrowing from Latin monēta. Doublet of manat and mennica (“mint”).


złoty

zł (abbreviation)
złoty (nominative singular)
złote (nominative plural)
złotego (genitive singular)
złotych (genitive plural)
złotemu (dative singular)
złotym (dative plural)
złotego (accusative singular)
złote (accusative plural)
złotym (instrumental singular)
złotymi (instrumental plural)
złotym (locative singular)
złotych (locative plural)
złoty (singular vocative)
złote (plural vocative)

desc

→ Arabic: زْلوتِي, زْووتِي

→ Arabic: زْلوتِي, زْووتِي

→ Armenian: զլոտի (zloti)

→ Belarusian: зло́ты (zlóty)

→ Bulgarian: зло́ти (zlóti)

→ Catalan: esloti

→ Chinese: 茲羅提／兹罗提 (zīluótí)

→ Czech: zlotý

→ Danish: zloty

→ English: zloty, złoty

→ Esperanto: zloto

→ Finnish: zloty

→ French: zloty, złoty

→ Georgian: ზლოტი (zloṭi)

→ German: Zloty, Złoty

→ Greek: ζλότι (zlóti)

→ Hebrew: זלוטי

→ Hungarian: zloty, złoty

→ Japanese: ズロティ, ズウォティ

→ Japanese: ズロティ, ズウォティ

→ Korean: 즐로티 (jeulloti)

→ Macedonian: злоти (zloti)

→ Navajo: zwótii

→ Norwegian: zloty

→ Portuguese: zloty, zloti

→ Romanian: zlot

desctree

→ Russian: зло́тый (zlótyj)
→ Kazakh: злотый (zlotyi)

→ Serbo-Croatian: zlot, злот

→ Slovak: zlotý

→ Slovene: zlot

→ Spanish: esloti, zloty

→ Swedish: zloty, złoty

desc

→ Thai: ซวอตือ

→ Thai: ซวอตือ

→ Ukrainian: зло́тий (zlótyj)

→ Yiddish: זלאָטע (zlote)

Inherited from Old Polish złoty. Compare Silesian złoty. Doublet of chlor, zielony, and żółty.

(nominalized) zloty (currency of Poland)


diagonal

diagonal (nominative singular)
diagonale (nominative plural)
diagonalu (genitive singular)
diagonali (genitive plural)
diagonalów (genitive plural)
diagonalowi (dative singular)
diagonalom (dative plural)
diagonal (accusative singular)
diagonale (accusative plural)
diagonalem (instrumental singular)
diagonalami (instrumental plural)
diagonalu (locative singular)
diagonalach (locative plural)
diagonalu (singular vocative)
diagonale (plural vocative)


bok

boczny (adjective)
bok (nominative singular)
boki (nominative plural)
boku (genitive singular)
boków (genitive plural)
bokowi (dative singular)
bokom (dative plural)
bok (accusative singular)
boki (accusative plural)
bokiem (instrumental singular)
bokami (instrumental plural)
boku (locative singular)
bokach (locative plural)
boku (singular vocative)
boki (plural vocative)


administrator

pl-noun

administrator m pers (female equivalent administratorka)

administratorka (feminine)
administrator (nominative singular)
administratorzy (nominative plural)
administratory (derogatory nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratorów (genitive plural)
administratorowi (dative singular)
administratorom (dative plural)
administratora (accusative singular)
administratorów (accusative plural)
administratorem (instrumental singular)
administratorami (instrumental plural)
administratorze (locative singular)
administratorach (locative plural)
administratorze (singular vocative)
administratorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin administrātor. By surface analysis, administrować + -ator. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “administrator”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(government, management, technology) administrator


spot

spot (nominative singular)
spoty (nominative plural)
spotu (genitive singular)
spotów (genitive plural)
spotowi (dative singular)
spotom (dative plural)
spot (accusative singular)
spoty (accusative plural)
spotem (instrumental singular)
spotami (instrumental plural)
spocie (locative singular)
spotach (locative plural)
spocie (singular vocative)
spoty (plural vocative)

(radio) spot (short, usually 30-second, piece of advertising material that is aired either in between or during broadcasts)


agent

pl-noun

agent m pers (female equivalent agentka, diminutive agencik or agenciak)

agentka (feminine)
agencik (diminutive)
agenciak (diminutive)
agent (nominative singular)
agenci (nominative plural)
agenty (derogatory nominative plural)
agenta (genitive singular)
agentów (genitive plural)
agentowi (dative singular)
agentom (dative plural)
agenta (accusative singular)
agentów (accusative plural)
agentem (instrumental singular)
agentami (instrumental plural)
agencie (locative singular)
agentach (locative plural)
agencie (singular vocative)
agenci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Agent, from French agent, from Middle French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens. First attested in 1609.

(business) representative (company agent)


agenda

agendka (diminutive)
agenda (nominative singular)
agendy (nominative plural)
agendy (genitive singular)
agend (genitive plural)
agendzie (dative singular)
agendom (dative plural)
agendę (accusative singular)
agendy (accusative plural)
agendą (instrumental singular)
agendami (instrumental plural)
agendzie (locative singular)
agendach (locative plural)
agendo (singular vocative)
agendy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin agenda/agendum/agendus. First attested in 1560.

lbor

agenda liturgiczna

(obsolete, Christianity) Christian prayer book


lira

Borrowed from Maltese lira, from Italian lira, from Latin lībra.

(historical) lira (former unit of currency of Malta)


lira

lira (nominative singular)
liry (nominative plural)
liry (genitive singular)
lir (genitive plural)
lirze (dative singular)
lirom (dative plural)
lirę (accusative singular)
liry (accusative plural)
lirą (instrumental singular)
lirami (instrumental plural)
lirze (locative singular)
lirach (locative plural)
liro (singular vocative)
liry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish lira, from Italian lira, from Latin lībra.


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.

(architecture, art, typography) ornament, adornment


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(management) Alternative spelling of menedżer


hostel

hostelik (diminutive)
hostel (nominative singular)
hostele (nominative plural)
hostelu (genitive singular)
hosteli (genitive plural)
hostelowi (dative singular)
hostelom (dative plural)
hostel (accusative singular)
hostele (accusative plural)
hostelem (instrumental singular)
hostelami (instrumental plural)
hostelu (locative singular)
hostelach (locative plural)
hostelu (singular vocative)
hostele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English hostel. Doublet of hotel and szpital.

hostel (a commercial overnight lodging place)


hotel

hotelik (diminutive)
hotel (nominative singular)
hotele (nominative plural)
hotelu (genitive singular)
hoteli (genitive plural)
hotelów (genitive plural)
hotelowi (dative singular)
hotelom (dative plural)
hotel (accusative singular)
hotele (accusative plural)
hotelem (instrumental singular)
hotelami (instrumental plural)
hotelu (locative singular)
hotelach (locative plural)
hotelu (singular vocative)
hotele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hôtel. Doublet of hostel and szpital.


bistro

bistro (nominative singular)
bistra (nominative plural)
bistra (genitive singular)
bister (genitive plural)
bistru (dative singular)
bistrom (dative plural)
bistro (accusative singular)
bistra (accusative plural)
bistrem (instrumental singular)
bistrami (instrumental plural)
bistrze (locative singular)
bistrach (locative plural)
bistro (singular vocative)
bistra (plural vocative)

paryskie bistro

pobliskie bistro

małe bistro

bar i bistro


bum

bum (nominative singular)
bumy (nominative plural)
bumu (genitive singular)
bumów (genitive plural)
bumowi (dative singular)
bumom (dative plural)
bum (accusative singular)
bumy (accusative plural)
bumem (instrumental singular)
bumami (instrumental plural)
bumie (locative singular)
bumach (locative plural)
bumie (singular vocative)
bumy (plural vocative)


kapusta

kapusta (nominative singular)
kapusty (nominative plural)
kapusty (genitive singular)
kapustów (genitive plural)
kapuście (dative singular)
kapustom (dative plural)
kapustę (accusative singular)
kapustów (accusative plural)
kapustą (instrumental singular)
kapustami (instrumental plural)
kapuście (locative singular)
kapustach (locative plural)
kapusto (singular vocative)
kapusty (plural vocative)

An old Romance borrowing, probably formed from a contamination of Medieval Latin composita and caputium. Compare Belarusian капу́ста (kapústa), Kashubian kapùsta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Silesian kapusta, Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa), Serbo-Croatian kupus.

(colloquial, derogatory) cabbage (person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage)


kebab

pl-noun

kebab m animal or m inan (related adjective kebabowy)

kebab m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
kebabowy (adjective)
kebab (nominative singular)
kebaby (nominative plural)
kebaba (genitive singular)
kebabu (genitive singular)
kebabów (genitive plural)
kebabowi (dative singular)
kebabom (dative plural)
kebab (accusative singular)
kebaby (accusative plural)
kebabem (instrumental singular)
kebabami (instrumental plural)
kebabie (locative singular)
kebabach (locative plural)
kebabie (singular vocative)
kebaby (plural vocative)

doner kebab, gyro (Turkish dish in which meat (typically seasoned lamb or mutton, but alternatively chicken or perhaps beef) is grilled on a revolving vertical spit; when cooked, the meat is sliced off and served with fresh vegetables in pita or rolled in a piece of unleavened flatbread)


samizdat

samizdat (nominative singular)
samizdaty (nominative plural)
samizdatu (genitive singular)
samizdatów (genitive plural)
samizdatowi (dative singular)
samizdatom (dative plural)
samizdat (accusative singular)
samizdaty (accusative plural)
samizdatem (instrumental singular)
samizdatami (instrumental plural)
samizdacie (locative singular)
samizdatach (locative plural)
samizdacie (singular vocative)
samizdaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”), from сам (sam, “self”) + изда́т (izdát), an abbreviation of изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”).

bor+

(historical) samizdat (underground publishing)


rentier

pl-noun

rentier m pers (female equivalent rentierka)

rentierka (feminine)
rentier (nominative singular)
rentierzy (nominative plural)
rentiery (derogatory nominative plural)
rentiera (genitive singular)
rentierów (genitive plural)
rentierowi (dative singular)
rentierom (dative plural)
rentiera (accusative singular)
rentierów (accusative plural)
rentierem (instrumental singular)
rentierami (instrumental plural)
rentierze (locative singular)
rentierach (locative plural)
rentierze (singular vocative)
rentierzy (plural vocative)


lista

lista (nominative singular)
listy (nominative plural)
listy (genitive singular)
list (genitive plural)
liście (dative singular)
listom (dative plural)
listę (accusative singular)
listy (accusative plural)
listą (instrumental singular)
listami (instrumental plural)
liście (locative singular)
listach (locative plural)
listo (singular vocative)
listy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French liste. Doublet of listwa (“batten”).

(operations) inventory, list (register or roll of paper consisting of an enumeration or compilation of a set of possible items)

(operations) inventory, list (acodified representation of a list, used to store data or in processing)


frank

frank (nominative singular)
franki (nominative plural)
franka (genitive singular)
franków (genitive plural)
frankowi (dative singular)
frankom (dative plural)
franka (accusative singular)
franki (accusative plural)
frankiem (instrumental singular)
frankami (instrumental plural)
franku (locative singular)
frankach (locative plural)
franku (singular vocative)
franki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French franc, from Middle French franc, from Medieval Latin Franc, from Frankish *frankō (“a Frank”). Doublet of Frank.

(historical) franc (former unit of currency of Belgium)

(historical) franc (former unit of currency of France)

(historical) franc (former unit of currency of Luxembourg)

(historical) franc (former unit of currency of Monaco)


tabloid

tabloid (nominative singular)
tabloidy (nominative plural)
tabloidu (genitive singular)
tabloidów (genitive plural)
tabloidowi (dative singular)
tabloidom (dative plural)
tabloid (accusative singular)
tabloidy (accusative plural)
tabloidem (instrumental singular)
tabloidami (instrumental plural)
tabloidzie (locative singular)
tabloidach (locative plural)
tabloidzie (singular vocative)
tabloidy (plural vocative)


okno

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

okienko (diminutive)
okienny (adjective)
okno (nominative singular)
okna (nominative plural)
okna (genitive singular)
okien (genitive plural)
oknu (dative singular)
oknom (dative plural)
okno (accusative singular)
okna (accusative plural)
oknem (instrumental singular)
oknami (instrumental plural)
oknie (locative singular)
oknach (locative plural)
okno (singular vocative)
okna (plural vocative)

(mining) ventilation hole pierced in a coal wall between excavations


fen

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius.

(meteorology) foehn (warm dry wind blowing down the northern sides of the Alps)


fen

fen (nominative singular)
feny (nominative plural)
fenu (genitive singular)
fenów (genitive plural)
fenowi (dative singular)
fenom (dative plural)
fen (accusative singular)
feny (accusative plural)
fenem (instrumental singular)
fenami (instrumental plural)
fenie (locative singular)
fenach (locative plural)
fenie (singular vocative)
feny (plural vocative)


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.

(economics) transfer (payment to an individual or institution that does not arise out of current productive activity)


przychód

przychód (nominative singular)
przychody (nominative plural)
przychodu (genitive singular)
przychodów (genitive plural)
przychodowi (dative singular)
przychodom (dative plural)
przychód (accusative singular)
przychody (accusative plural)
przychodem (instrumental singular)
przychodami (instrumental plural)
przychodzie (locative singular)
przychodach (locative plural)
przychodzie (singular vocative)
przychody (plural vocative)


dochód

dochód (nominative singular)
dochody (nominative plural)
dochodu (genitive singular)
dochodów (genitive plural)
dochodowi (dative singular)
dochodom (dative plural)
dochód (accusative singular)
dochody (accusative plural)
dochodem (instrumental singular)
dochodami (instrumental plural)
dochodzie (locative singular)
dochodach (locative plural)
dochodzie (singular vocative)
dochody (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish dochód. By surface analysis, deverbal from dochodzić.

surf

income (sum of cash inflows in the economy of a state, enterprise, or individual in a specific period of time, less the costs of obtaining them)


marketing

marketing (nominative singular)
marketingu (genitive singular)
marketingowi (dative singular)
marketing (accusative singular)
marketingiem (instrumental singular)
marketingu (locative singular)
marketingu (singular vocative)

marketing (promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service)


kuna

kuna (nominative singular)
kuny (nominative plural)
kuny (genitive singular)
kun (genitive plural)
kunie (dative singular)
kunom (dative plural)
kunę (accusative singular)
kuny (accusative plural)
kuną (instrumental singular)
kunami (instrumental plural)
kunie (locative singular)
kunach (locative plural)
kuno (singular vocative)
kuny (plural vocative)

(historical) kuna (former currency of Croatia)


rabat

rabacik (diminutive)
rabat (nominative singular)
rabaty (nominative plural)
rabatu (genitive singular)
rabatów (genitive plural)
rabatowi (dative singular)
rabatom (dative plural)
rabat (accusative singular)
rabaty (accusative plural)
rabatem (instrumental singular)
rabatami (instrumental plural)
rabacie (locative singular)
rabatach (locative plural)
rabacie (singular vocative)
rabaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rabatt, from Italian rabatto.


salina

salina (nominative singular)
saliny (nominative plural)
saliny (genitive singular)
salin (genitive plural)
salinie (dative singular)
salinom (dative plural)
salinę (accusative singular)
saliny (accusative plural)
saliną (instrumental singular)
salinami (instrumental plural)
salinie (locative singular)
salinach (locative plural)
salino (singular vocative)
saliny (plural vocative)


bonanza

bonanza (nominative singular)
bonanzy (nominative plural)
bonanzy (genitive singular)
bonanz (genitive plural)
bonanzie (dative singular)
bonanzom (dative plural)
bonanzę (accusative singular)
bonanzy (accusative plural)
bonanzą (instrumental singular)
bonanzami (instrumental plural)
bonanzie (locative singular)
bonanzach (locative plural)
bonanzo (singular vocative)
bonanzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English bonanza, from Spanish bonanza, from Vulgar Latin *bonacia, alteration of malacia.

(literary, mining) bonanza (rich mine or vein of silver or gold)


banner

banner (nominative singular)
bannery (nominative plural)
banneru (genitive singular)
bannerów (genitive plural)
bannerowi (dative singular)
bannerom (dative plural)
banner (accusative singular)
bannery (accusative plural)
bannerem (instrumental singular)
bannerami (instrumental plural)
bannerze (locative singular)
bannerach (locative plural)
bannerze (singular vocative)
bannery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English banner.

(advertising, Internet) Alternative spelling of baner


grant

pl-noun

grant m inan (related adjective grantowy)

grantowy (adjective)
grant (nominative singular)
granty (nominative plural)
grantu (genitive singular)
grantów (genitive plural)
grantowi (dative singular)
grantom (dative plural)
grant (accusative singular)
granty (accusative plural)
grantem (instrumental singular)
grantami (instrumental plural)
grancie (locative singular)
grantach (locative plural)
grancie (singular vocative)
granty (plural vocative)

(law) grant (fund given by a person or organisation, often a public body, charitable foundation, a specialised grant-making institution, or in some cases a business with a corporate social responsibility mission, to an individual or another entity, usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local government body, for a specific purpose linked to public benefit)


motel

motel m inan (diminutive motelik, related adjective motelowy)

motelik (diminutive)
motelowy (adjective)
motel (nominative singular)
motele (nominative plural)
motelu (genitive singular)
moteli (genitive plural)
motelów (genitive plural)
motelowi (dative singular)
motelom (dative plural)
motel (accusative singular)
motele (accusative plural)
motelem (instrumental singular)
motelami (instrumental plural)
motelu (locative singular)
motelach (locative plural)
motelu (singular vocative)
motele (plural vocative)


lepton

lepton (nominative singular)
leptony (nominative plural)
leptonu (genitive singular)
leptonów (genitive plural)
leptonowi (dative singular)
leptonom (dative plural)
lepton (accusative singular)
leptony (accusative plural)
leptonem (instrumental singular)
leptonami (instrumental plural)
leptonie (locative singular)
leptonach (locative plural)
leptonie (singular vocative)
leptony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λεπτόν (leptón).


karaoke

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke).


firma

firma (nominative singular)
firmy (nominative plural)
firmy (genitive singular)
firm (genitive plural)
firmie (dative singular)
firmom (dative plural)
firmę (accusative singular)
firmy (accusative plural)
firmą (instrumental singular)
firmami (instrumental plural)
firmie (locative singular)
firmach (locative plural)
firmo (singular vocative)
firmy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre.

company (in legal context, a corporation)


quetzal

quetzal (nominative singular)
quetzale (nominative plural)
quetzala (genitive singular)
quetzali (genitive plural)
quetzalowi (dative singular)
quetzalom (dative plural)
quetzala (accusative singular)
quetzale (accusative plural)
quetzalem (instrumental singular)
quetzalami (instrumental plural)
quetzalu (locative singular)
quetzalach (locative plural)
quetzalu (singular vocative)
quetzale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish quetzal, from Classical Nahuatl quetzalli. Doublet of kwezal.


in memoriam

pl-adj

in memoriam (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in memoriam.


fast food

fast food (nominative singular)
fast foody (nominative plural)
fast foodu (genitive singular)
fast foodów (genitive plural)
fast foodowi (dative singular)
fast foodom (dative plural)
fast food (accusative singular)
fast foody (accusative plural)
fast foodem (instrumental singular)
fast foodami (instrumental plural)
fast foodzie (locative singular)
fast foodach (locative plural)
fast foodzie (singular vocative)
fast foody (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English fast food.


clearing

clearing (nominative singular)
clearingu (genitive singular)
clearingowi (dative singular)
clearing (accusative singular)
clearingiem (instrumental singular)
clearingu (locative singular)
clearingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English clearing.

(banking, finance) Alternative spelling of kliring


brutto

pl-adj

brutto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian brutto, from Latin brūtus.


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete, mining) stone closing the entrance to the mine

(obsolete) type of old, small Polish currency


holding

pl-noun

holding m inan (related adjective holdingowy)

holdingowy (adjective)
holding (nominative singular)
holdingi (nominative plural)
holdingu (genitive singular)
holdingów (genitive plural)
holdingowi (dative singular)
holdingom (dative plural)
holding (accusative singular)
holdingi (accusative plural)
holdingiem (instrumental singular)
holdingami (instrumental plural)
holdingu (locative singular)
holdingach (locative plural)
holdingu (singular vocative)
holdingi (plural vocative)

holding company (company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services)


rating

rating m inan (related adjective ratingowy)

ratingowy (adjective)
rating (nominative singular)
ratingi (nominative plural)
ratingu (genitive singular)
ratingów (genitive plural)
ratingowi (dative singular)
ratingom (dative plural)
rating (accusative singular)
ratingi (accusative plural)
ratingiem (instrumental singular)
ratingami (instrumental plural)
ratingu (locative singular)
ratingach (locative plural)
ratingu (singular vocative)
ratingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rating.

(finance) credit rating (estimate used by creditors to determine maximum amount of credit)


forma

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective formowy)

foremka (diminutive)
formowy (adjective)
forma (nominative singular)
formy (nominative plural)
formy (genitive singular)
form (genitive plural)
formie (dative singular)
formom (dative plural)
formę (accusative singular)
formy (accusative plural)
formą (instrumental singular)
formami (instrumental plural)
formie (locative singular)
formach (locative plural)
formo (singular vocative)
formy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fòrma

(printing) template (set of printing elements prepared for printing)


kiosk

kiosk (nominative singular)
kioski (nominative plural)
kiosku (genitive singular)
kiosków (genitive plural)
kioskowi (dative singular)
kioskom (dative plural)
kiosk (accusative singular)
kioski (accusative plural)
kioskiem (instrumental singular)
kioskami (instrumental plural)
kiosku (locative singular)
kioskach (locative plural)
kiosku (singular vocative)
kioski (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French kiosque, from Italian chiosco, from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşk), from Persian کوشک (kôšk, “palace, portico”), from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

(architecture) kiosk (Turkish garden pavillion)


komuna

komuna (nominative singular)
komuny (nominative plural)
komuny (genitive singular)
komun (genitive plural)
komunie (dative singular)
komunom (dative plural)
komunę (accusative singular)
komuny (accusative plural)
komuną (instrumental singular)
komunami (instrumental plural)
komunie (locative singular)
komunach (locative plural)
komuno (singular vocative)
komuny (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory, politics) communism, especially communist rule in Poland before 1989


supermarket

supermarket (nominative singular)
supermarkety (nominative plural)
supermarketu (genitive singular)
supermarketów (genitive plural)
supermarketowi (dative singular)
supermarketom (dative plural)
supermarket (accusative singular)
supermarkety (accusative plural)
supermarketem (instrumental singular)
supermarketami (instrumental plural)
supermarkecie (locative singular)
supermarketach (locative plural)
supermarkecie (singular vocative)
supermarkety (plural vocative)


lek

lek (nominative singular)
leki (nominative plural)
leka (genitive singular)
leków (genitive plural)
lekowi (dative singular)
lekom (dative plural)
leka (accusative singular)
leki (accusative plural)
lekiem (instrumental singular)
lekami (instrumental plural)
leku (locative singular)
lekach (locative plural)
leku (singular vocative)
leki (plural vocative)


netto

pl-adj

netto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian netto, from Vulgar Latin *nittus, a syncopation of Latin nitidus.

(economics) net (remaining after expenses or deductions)


strata

strata (nominative singular)
straty (nominative plural)
straty (genitive singular)
strat (genitive plural)
stracie (dative singular)
stratom (dative plural)
stratę (accusative singular)
straty (accusative plural)
stratą (instrumental singular)
stratami (instrumental plural)
stracie (locative singular)
stratach (locative plural)
strato (singular vocative)
straty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish strata. By surface analysis, deverbal from stracić. Compare Kashubian strata.

surf

(finance) loss (sum an entity loses on balance)


nobel

nobel (nominative singular)
noble (nominative plural)
nobla (genitive singular)
nobli (genitive plural)
noblowi (dative singular)
noblom (dative plural)
nobel (accusative singular)
noble (accusative plural)
noblem (instrumental singular)
noblami (instrumental plural)
noblu (locative singular)
noblach (locative plural)
noblu (singular vocative)
noble (plural vocative)

(historical) noble (medieval coin of England in the 14th and 15th centuries)


fortuna

fortunka (diminutive)
fortuna (nominative singular)
fortuny (nominative plural)
fortuny (genitive singular)
fortun (genitive plural)
fortunie (dative singular)
fortunom (dative plural)
fortunę (accusative singular)
fortuny (accusative plural)
fortuną (instrumental singular)
fortunami (instrumental plural)
fortunie (locative singular)
fortunach (locative plural)
fortuno (singular vocative)
fortuny (plural vocative)


ropa

ropa (nominative singular)
ropy (genitive singular)
ropie (dative singular)
ropę (accusative singular)
ropą (instrumental singular)
ropie (locative singular)
ropo (singular vocative)


layout

layout (nominative singular)
layouty (nominative plural)
layoutu (genitive singular)
layoutów (genitive plural)
layoutowi (dative singular)
layoutom (dative plural)
layout (accusative singular)
layouty (accusative plural)
layoutem (instrumental singular)
layoutami (instrumental plural)
layoucie (locative singular)
layoutach (locative plural)
layoucie (singular vocative)
layouty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English layout.

(Internet, publishing) layout (physical arrangement of content on a page)


remanent

remanencik (diminutive)
remanent (nominative singular)
remanenty (nominative plural)
remanentu (genitive singular)
remanentów (genitive plural)
remanentowi (dative singular)
remanentom (dative plural)
remanent (accusative singular)
remanenty (accusative plural)
remanentem (instrumental singular)
remanentami (instrumental plural)
remanencie (locative singular)
remanentach (locative plural)
remanencie (singular vocative)
remanenty (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from Italian rimanente, from rimanere, from Latin remanēre.

(operations) inventory, stocktaking (detailed list of all of the items on hand)


VAT

pl-noun

VAT m inan (indeclinable, related adjective VAT-owski or vatowski)

VAT-owski (adjective)
vatowski (adjective)
VAT (nominative singular)
VAT-y (nominative plural)
VAT-u (genitive singular)
VAT-ów (genitive plural)
VAT-u (dative singular)
VAT-om (dative plural)
VAT (accusative singular)
VAT-y (accusative plural)
VAT-em (instrumental singular)
VAT-ami (instrumental plural)
Vacie (locative singular)
VAT-ach (locative plural)
Vacie (singular vocative)
VAT-y (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English VAT.


napoleon

napoleon (nominative singular)
napoleony (nominative plural)
napoleona (genitive singular)
napoleonów (genitive plural)
napoleonowi (dative singular)
napoleonom (dative plural)
napoleona (accusative singular)
napoleony (accusative plural)
napoleonem (instrumental singular)
napoleonami (instrumental plural)
napoleonie (locative singular)
napoleonach (locative plural)
napoleonie (singular vocative)
napoleony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French napoléon, named after French military and political leader Napoleon Bonaparte.

named-after

(historical) napoleon (colloquial term for a former French gold coin, the 20-franc gold coin)


sam

sam (nominative singular)
samy (nominative plural)
samu (genitive singular)
samów (genitive plural)
samowi (dative singular)
samom (dative plural)
sam (accusative singular)
samy (accusative plural)
samem (instrumental singular)
samami (instrumental plural)
samie (locative singular)
samach (locative plural)
samie (singular vocative)
samy (plural vocative)


McDonald's

Unadapted borrowing from English McDonald's.

ubor

McDonald's (widespread chain of fast food restaurants)


sex shop

sex shop (nominative singular)
sex shopy (nominative plural)
sex shopu (genitive singular)
sex shopów (genitive plural)
sex shopowi (dative singular)
sex shopom (dative plural)
sex shop (accusative singular)
sex shopy (accusative plural)
sex shopem (instrumental singular)
sex shopami (instrumental plural)
sex shopie (locative singular)
sex shopach (locative plural)
sex shopie (singular vocative)
sex shopy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sex shop.


lump

lump (nominative singular)
lumpy (nominative plural)
lumpa (genitive singular)
lumpów (genitive plural)
lumpowi (dative singular)
lumpom (dative plural)
lump (accusative singular)
lumpy (accusative plural)
lumpem (instrumental singular)
lumpami (instrumental plural)
lumpie (locative singular)
lumpach (locative plural)
lumpie (singular vocative)
lumpy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) piece of clothing


proletariat

pl-noun

proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)

proletariacki (adjective)
proletariat (nominative singular)
proletariatu (genitive singular)
proletariatowi (dative singular)
proletariat (accusative singular)
proletariatem (instrumental singular)
proletariacie (locative singular)
proletariacie (singular vocative)

(collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)


business plan

business plan (nominative singular)
business plany (nominative plural)
business planu (genitive singular)
business planów (genitive plural)
business planowi (dative singular)
business planom (dative plural)
business plan (accusative singular)
business plany (accusative plural)
business planem (instrumental singular)
business planami (instrumental plural)
business planie (locative singular)
business planach (locative plural)
business planie (singular vocative)
business plany (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English business plan.

ubor

(business) Alternative spelling of biznesplan


outsider

pl-noun

outsider m pers (female equivalent outsiderka)

outsiderka (feminine)
outsider (nominative singular)
outsiderzy (nominative plural)
outsidery (derogatory nominative plural)
outsidera (genitive singular)
outsiderów (genitive plural)
outsiderowi (dative singular)
outsiderom (dative plural)
outsidera (accusative singular)
outsiderów (accusative plural)
outsiderem (instrumental singular)
outsiderami (instrumental plural)
outsiderze (locative singular)
outsiderach (locative plural)
outsiderze (singular vocative)
outsiderzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English outsider.

ubor

(economics) company refusing to join a monopoly consisting of the majority of enterprises in a given industry


dinar

denarek (diminutive)
dinar (nominative singular)
dinary (nominative plural)
dinara (genitive singular)
dinarów (genitive plural)
dinarowi (dative singular)
dinarom (dative plural)
dinara (accusative singular)
dinary (accusative plural)
dinarem (instrumental singular)
dinarami (instrumental plural)
dinarze (locative singular)
dinarach (locative plural)
dinarze (singular vocative)
dinary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic دِينَار (dīnār), from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of denar.

(historical) dinar (ancient Arab gold coin of 65 grains in weight)


talar

talarek (diminutive)
talar (nominative singular)
talary (nominative plural)
talara (genitive singular)
talarów (genitive plural)
talarowi (dative singular)
talarom (dative plural)
talara (accusative singular)
talary (accusative plural)
talarem (instrumental singular)
talarami (instrumental plural)
talarze (locative singular)
talarach (locative plural)
talarze (singular vocative)
talary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Thaler, Taler, from Sankt Joachimsthaler. Doublet of dolar.

(historical) thaler (historical monetary unit)

(historical) thaler (historical currency of Baden)


broker

broker (nominative singular)
brokerzy (nominative plural)
brokery (derogatory nominative plural)
brokera (genitive singular)
brokerów (genitive plural)
brokerowi (dative singular)
brokerom (dative plural)
brokera (accusative singular)
brokerów (accusative plural)
brokerem (instrumental singular)
brokerami (instrumental plural)
brokerze (locative singular)
brokerach (locative plural)
brokerze (singular vocative)
brokerzy (plural vocative)


korpo

(derogatory, slang) multinational company


newsletter

newsletter (nominative singular)
newslettery (nominative plural)
newslettera (genitive singular)
newsletterów (genitive plural)
newsletterowi (dative singular)
newsletterom (dative plural)
newsletter (accusative singular)
newslettery (accusative plural)
newsletterem (instrumental singular)
newsletterami (instrumental plural)
newsletterze (locative singular)
newsletterach (locative plural)
newsletterze (singular vocative)
newslettery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English newsletter.


rotunda

rotundowy (adjective)
rotunda (nominative singular)
rotundy (genitive singular)
rotundzie (dative singular)
rotundę (accusative singular)
rotundą (instrumental singular)
rotundzie (locative singular)
rotundo (singular vocative)

(uncountable, typography) rotunda (Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th century; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based)


saldo

saldo (nominative singular)
salda (nominative plural)
salda (genitive singular)
saled (genitive plural)
saldu (dative singular)
saldom (dative plural)
saldo (accusative singular)
salda (accusative plural)
saldem (instrumental singular)
saldami (instrumental plural)
saldzie (locative singular)
saldach (locative plural)
saldo (singular vocative)
salda (plural vocative)


lumpenproletariat

pl-noun

lumpenproletariat m inan (related adjective lumpenproletariacki)

lumpenproletariacki (adjective)
lumpenproletariat (nominative singular)
lumpenproletariatu (genitive singular)
lumpenproletariatowi (dative singular)
lumpenproletariat (accusative singular)
lumpenproletariatem (instrumental singular)
lumpenproletariacie (locative singular)
lumpenproletariacie (singular vocative)

(collective, Marxism) lumpenproletariat (the lowest stratum of the proletariat)


birr

birr (nominative singular)
birry (nominative plural)
birra (genitive singular)
birrów (genitive plural)
birrowi (dative singular)
birrom (dative plural)
birra (accusative singular)
birry (accusative plural)
birrem (instrumental singular)
birrami (instrumental plural)
birrze (locative singular)
birrach (locative plural)
birrze (singular vocative)
birry (plural vocative)


procent

procent m inan (diminutive procencik, related adjective procentowy, abbreviation proc.)

procencik (diminutive)
procentowy (adjective)
proc. (abbreviation)
procent (nominative singular)
procenty (nominative plural)
procenta (genitive singular)
procentu (genitive singular)
procentów (genitive plural)
procentowi (dative singular)
procentom (dative plural)
procent (accusative singular)
procenty (accusative plural)
procentem (instrumental singular)
procentami (instrumental plural)
procencie (locative singular)
procentach (locative plural)
procencie (singular vocative)
procenty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: procent

Borrowed from German Prozent. First attested in the 18th century.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “procent”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(finance, mathematics) percent (one part per hundred; one percent, represented with the symbol %)

(banking) percent (annuity or security with a certain fixed and guaranteed annual percentage rate of return or percentage dividend)


zielony

zielony (nominative singular)
zielone (nominative plural)
zielonego (genitive singular)
zielonych (genitive plural)
zielonemu (dative singular)
zielonym (dative plural)
zielonego (accusative singular)
zielone (accusative plural)
zielonym (instrumental singular)
zielonymi (instrumental plural)
zielonym (locative singular)
zielonych (locative plural)
zielony (singular vocative)
zielone (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zelenъ. Doublet of chlor, złoty, and żółty.


controlling

controlling (nominative singular)
controllingi (nominative plural)
controllingu (genitive singular)
controllingów (genitive plural)
controllingowi (dative singular)
controllingom (dative plural)
controlling (accusative singular)
controllingi (accusative plural)
controllingiem (instrumental singular)
controllingami (instrumental plural)
controllingu (locative singular)
controllingach (locative plural)
controllingu (singular vocative)
controllingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English controlling.

ubor

(business) Alternative spelling of kontroling


mary

mary (nominative plural)
mar (genitive plural)
marom (dative plural)
mary (accusative plural)
marami (instrumental plural)
marach (locative plural)
mary (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mary. Cognate with Czech máry and German Bahre.

(literary) bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)

(literary) bier, catafalque (platform or stand where a body or coffin is placed)


influencer

pl-noun

influencer m pers (female equivalent influencerka, related adjective influencerski)

influencerka (feminine)
influencerski (adjective)
influencer (nominative singular)
influencerzy (nominative plural)
influencery (derogatory nominative plural)
influencera (genitive singular)
influencerów (genitive plural)
influencerowi (dative singular)
influencerom (dative plural)
influencera (accusative singular)
influencerów (accusative plural)
influencerem (instrumental singular)
influencerami (instrumental plural)
influencerze (locative singular)
influencerach (locative plural)
influencerze (singular vocative)
influencerzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English influencer.

ubor

influencer (person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, or political preferences of their online audience by creating or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign)


noga

pl-noun

noga f (diminutive nóżka, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożny)

nóżka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożny (adjective)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nóg (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
nogę (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogą (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)

(mining) part of a coal deposit to protect miners from a ceiling collapse


kasa

kasa (nominative singular)
kasy (nominative plural)
kasy (genitive singular)
kas (genitive plural)
kasie (dative singular)
kasom (dative plural)
kasę (accusative singular)
kasy (accusative plural)
kasą (instrumental singular)
kasami (instrumental plural)
kasie (locative singular)
kasach (locative plural)
kaso (singular vocative)
kasy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa. Cognate with English cash.


druk

druk (nominative singular)
druki (nominative plural)
druku (genitive singular)
druków (genitive plural)
drukowi (dative singular)
drukom (dative plural)
druk (accusative singular)
druki (accusative plural)
drukiem (instrumental singular)
drukami (instrumental plural)
druku (locative singular)
drukach (locative plural)
druku (singular vocative)
druki (plural vocative)

Te książki właśnie wyszły z druku.

Those books have just come from printing.

(printing) printing (process of printing)

Ten tekst napisany jest zbyt małym drukiem.

(printing) print (letters forming the text of a document)


ort

ort (nominative singular)
orty (nominative plural)
orta (genitive singular)
ortów (genitive plural)
ortowi (dative singular)
ortom (dative plural)
ort (accusative singular)
orty (accusative plural)
ortem (instrumental singular)
ortami (instrumental plural)
orcie (locative singular)
ortach (locative plural)
orcie (singular vocative)
orty (plural vocative)

(historical) ort (type of small silver coin, minted in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–17th centuries)


dolar

dolar m animal (related adjective dolarowy, abbreviation dol.)

dolarowy (adjective)
dol. (abbreviation)
dolar (nominative singular)
dolary (nominative plural)
dolara (genitive singular)
dolarów (genitive plural)
dolarowi (dative singular)
dolarom (dative plural)
dolara (accusative singular)
dolary (accusative plural)
dolarem (instrumental singular)
dolarami (instrumental plural)
dolarze (locative singular)
dolarach (locative plural)
dolarze (singular vocative)
dolary (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: dolar

Borrowed from English dollar. Doublet of talar. First attested in 1796. Compare Silesian dolar.

ref

Gazeta Krakowska (in Polish), number 50, 1796 July 26, page 2

dollar (designation for specific currency)


Stalin

Stalin (nominative singular)
Stalina (genitive singular)
Stalinowi (dative singular)
Stalina (accusative singular)
Stalinem (instrumental singular)
Stalinie (locative singular)
Stalinie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Ста́лин (Stálin), from сталь (stalʹ, “steel”) + -ин (-in, possessive suffix), from German Stahl (“steel”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stahlą (“steel”).


marka

marka (nominative singular)
marki (nominative plural)
marki (genitive singular)
marek (genitive plural)
marce (dative singular)
markom (dative plural)
markę (accusative singular)
marki (accusative plural)
marką (instrumental singular)
markami (instrumental plural)
marce (locative singular)
markach (locative plural)
marko (singular vocative)
marki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Marke, from French marque, from Proto-Germanic *marką.

(historical) convertible mark (former unit of currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


sponsor

pl-noun

sponsor m pers (female equivalent sponsorka, related adjective sponsorski)

sponsorka (feminine)
sponsorski (adjective)
sponsor (nominative singular)
sponsorzy (nominative plural)
sponsory (derogatory nominative plural)
sponsora (genitive singular)
sponsorów (genitive plural)
sponsorowi (dative singular)
sponsorom (dative plural)
sponsora (accusative singular)
sponsorów (accusative plural)
sponsorem (instrumental singular)
sponsorami (instrumental plural)
sponsorze (locative singular)
sponsorach (locative plural)
sponsorze (singular vocative)
sponsorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English sponsor, from Latin spōnsor.

sponsor, patron, backer (person or organisation with responsibility (especially with a religious or financial aspect))


copywriter

copywriter m pers (female equivalent copywriterka)

copywriterka (feminine)
copywriter (nominative singular)
copywriterzy (nominative plural)
copywritery (derogatory nominative plural)
copywritera (genitive singular)
copywriterów (genitive plural)
copywriterowi (dative singular)
copywriterom (dative plural)
copywritera (accusative singular)
copywriterów (accusative plural)
copywriterem (instrumental singular)
copywriterami (instrumental plural)
copywriterze (locative singular)
copywriterach (locative plural)
copywriterze (singular vocative)
copywriterzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English copywriter.

ubor

(advertising, marketing) copywriter (person who writes advertising copy (the text used in advertisements))


sterling

sterling (nominative singular)
sterlingi (nominative plural)
sterlinga (genitive singular)
sterlingów (genitive plural)
sterlingowi (dative singular)
sterlingom (dative plural)
sterlinga (accusative singular)
sterlingi (accusative plural)
sterlingiem (instrumental singular)
sterlingami (instrumental plural)
sterlingu (locative singular)
sterlingach (locative plural)
sterlingu (singular vocative)
sterlingi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English sterling, from Middle English sterling, sterlinge, sterlynge, starling.


pizzeria

pizzeria (nominative singular)
pizzerie (nominative plural)
pizzerii (genitive singular)
pizzerii (genitive plural)
pizzeryj (archaic genitive plural)
pizzerii (dative singular)
pizzeriom (dative plural)
pizzerię (accusative singular)
pizzerie (accusative plural)
pizzerią (instrumental singular)
pizzeriami (instrumental plural)
pizzerii (locative singular)
pizzeriach (locative plural)
pizzerio (singular vocative)
pizzerie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian pizzeria.

pizzeria (restaurant that bakes and sells pizzas)


honorarium

honorarium (nominative singular)
honoraria (nominative plural)
honorarium (genitive singular)
honorariów (genitive plural)
honorarium (dative singular)
honorariom (dative plural)
honorarium (accusative singular)
honoraria (accusative plural)
honorarium (instrumental singular)
honorariami (instrumental plural)
honorarium (locative singular)
honorariach (locative plural)
honorarium (singular vocative)
honoraria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin honōrārium.


kram

kramik (diminutive)
kram (nominative singular)
kramy (nominative plural)
kramu (genitive singular)
kramów (genitive plural)
kramowi (dative singular)
kramom (dative plural)
kram (accusative singular)
kramy (accusative plural)
kramem (instrumental singular)
kramami (instrumental plural)
kramie (locative singular)
kramach (locative plural)
kramie (singular vocative)
kramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German krām, from Old High German kram, itself probably borrowed from Slavic. See modern German Kram.


teaser

teaser (nominative singular)
teasery (nominative plural)
teasera (genitive singular)
teaserów (genitive plural)
teaserowi (dative singular)
teaserom (dative plural)
teaser (accusative singular)
teasery (accusative plural)
teaserem (instrumental singular)
teaserami (instrumental plural)
teaserze (locative singular)
teaserach (locative plural)
teaserze (singular vocative)
teasery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English teaser.

(film, marketing, television) teaser (short acting scene preceding the actual lead of a film or television series)

(film, marketing) trailer (preview of a film)

(marketing) teaser (message used to advertise a product whose name is not disclosed in that advertisement)

(marketing) teaser (short document containing the most important information about an investment, presented in a simple way, addressed to a potential investor)


denar

Borrowed from Macedonian денар (denar), from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of dinar.


forint

forint (nominative singular)
forinty (nominative plural)
forinta (genitive singular)
forintów (genitive plural)
forintowi (dative singular)
forintom (dative plural)
forinta (accusative singular)
forinty (accusative plural)
forintem (instrumental singular)
forintami (instrumental plural)
forincie (locative singular)
forintach (locative plural)
forincie (singular vocative)
forinty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian forint, from Italian fiorino.


gulden

gulden (nominative singular)
guldeny (nominative plural)
guldena (genitive singular)
guldenów (genitive plural)
guldenowi (dative singular)
guldenom (dative plural)
guldena (accusative singular)
guldeny (accusative plural)
guldenem (instrumental singular)
guldenami (instrumental plural)
guldenie (locative singular)
guldenach (locative plural)
guldenie (singular vocative)
guldeny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Gulden, from Middle High German guldīn, gulden.

Wchodzili tam obaj ze służącym, zapalali parę płomyków gazu i, podczas gdy służący zamiatał podłogę, pan Ignacy odczytywał przez binokle ze swego notatnika rozkład zajęć na dzień dzisiejszy.
 — Oddać w banku 800 rubli, aha... Do Lublina wysłać trzy albumy, tuzin portmonetek... Właśnie!... Do Wiednia przekaz na 1.200 guldenów... Z kolei odebrać transport... Zmonitować rymarza za nieodesłanie walizek... Bagatela!... Napisać list do Stasia... Bagatela...

1890, Bolesław Prus, chapter 2, in David Welsh, transl., Lalka, volume 1:

He and the servant went in, lit a few little gas-jets and, while the servant was sweeping the floor, Ignacy perused his timetable for the day through his eye-glasses:
‘Put 800 roubles into the bank, hm ... Three albums and a dozen wallets to be dispatched in Lublin ... That's it! An order to Vienna for 1,200 guldens ... A mere nothing, to be sure! Write to Staś ... Oh, a mere nothing ...’

(historical) gulden (former unit of currency of Austria-Hungary)

(historical) guilder, gulden (former unit of currency of the Netherlands)

(historical) gulden (former unit of currency of the Free City of Danzig)

(historical) guilder (former unit of currency of Suriname)


aureus

aureus (nominative singular)
aureusy (nominative plural)
aureusa (genitive singular)
aureusów (genitive plural)
aureusowi (dative singular)
aureusom (dative plural)
aureusa (accusative singular)
aureusy (accusative plural)
aureusem (instrumental singular)
aureusami (instrumental plural)
aureusie (locative singular)
aureusach (locative plural)
aureusie (singular vocative)
aureusy (plural vocative)


manat

manat (nominative singular)
manaty (nominative plural)
manata (genitive singular)
manatów (genitive plural)
manatowi (dative singular)
manatom (dative plural)
manata (accusative singular)
manaty (accusative plural)
manatem (instrumental singular)
manatami (instrumental plural)
manacie (locative singular)
manatach (locative plural)
manacie (singular vocative)
manaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish manatí, from a Cariban language.

manatee (marine mammal of the family Trichechidae)


manat

Borrowed from Azerbaijani manat, from Russian моне́та (monéta), from Polish moneta, from Latin monēta. Doublet of mennica and moneta.


manat

manat (nominative singular)
manaty (nominative plural)
manata (genitive singular)
manatów (genitive plural)
manatowi (dative singular)
manatom (dative plural)
manat (accusative singular)
manaty (accusative plural)
manatem (instrumental singular)
manatami (instrumental plural)
manacie (locative singular)
manatach (locative plural)
manacie (singular vocative)
manaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Turkmen manat, from Russian моне́та (monéta), from Polish moneta, from Latin monēta. Doublet of mennica and moneta.


biga

biga (nominative singular)
bigi (nominative plural)
bigi (genitive singular)
big (genitive plural)
bidze (dative singular)
bigom (dative plural)
bigę (accusative singular)
bigi (accusative plural)
bigą (instrumental singular)
bigami (instrumental plural)
bidze (locative singular)
bigach (locative plural)
bigo (singular vocative)
bigi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German biegen. Doublet of Boh and Bug.

(printing) crease (element of the die-cutting machine used to emboss the bend line of the paper)


planetarium

planetarium (nominative singular)
planetaria (nominative plural)
planetarium (genitive singular)
planetariów (genitive plural)
planetarium (dative singular)
planetariom (dative plural)
planetarium (accusative singular)
planetaria (accusative plural)
planetarium (instrumental singular)
planetariami (instrumental plural)
planetarium (locative singular)
planetariach (locative plural)
planetarium (singular vocative)
planetaria (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English planetarium, from New Latin planētārium.

(astronomy) planetarium (museum which displays images of space)


lej

lej (nominative singular)
leje (nominative plural)
leja (genitive singular)
lejów (genitive plural)
lei (genitive plural)
lejowi (dative singular)
lejom (dative plural)
leja (accusative singular)
leje (accusative plural)
lejem (instrumental singular)
lejami (instrumental plural)
leju (locative singular)
lejach (locative plural)
leju (singular vocative)
leje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Romanian leu, from Latin leō, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).


ruda

ruda (nominative singular)
rudy (nominative plural)
rudy (genitive singular)
rud (genitive plural)
rudzie (dative singular)
rudom (dative plural)
rudę (accusative singular)
rudy (accusative plural)
rudą (instrumental singular)
rudami (instrumental plural)
rudzie (locative singular)
rudach (locative plural)
rudo (singular vocative)
rudy (plural vocative)


gospoda

gospoda (nominative singular)
gospody (nominative plural)
gospody (genitive singular)
gospód (genitive plural)
gospodzie (dative singular)
gospodom (dative plural)
gospodę (accusative singular)
gospody (accusative plural)
gospodą (instrumental singular)
gospodami (instrumental plural)
gospodzie (locative singular)
gospodach (locative plural)
gospodo (singular vocative)
gospody (plural vocative)


kantor

pl-noun

kantor m inan (diminutive kantorek, related adjective kantorowy)

kantorek (diminutive)
kantorowy (adjective)
kantor (nominative singular)
kantory (nominative plural)
kantoru (genitive singular)
kantorów (genitive plural)
kantorowi (dative singular)
kantorom (dative plural)
kantor (accusative singular)
kantory (accusative plural)
kantorem (instrumental singular)
kantorami (instrumental plural)
kantorze (locative singular)
kantorach (locative plural)
kantorze (singular vocative)
kantory (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: kȧntor

Borrowed from German Kontor. Doublet of kontuar.

bureau de change, currency exchange (place where foreign currency can be exchanged)


storno

storno (nominative singular)
storna (nominative plural)
storna (genitive singular)
storn (genitive plural)
stornu (dative singular)
stornom (dative plural)
storno (accusative singular)
storna (accusative plural)
stornem (instrumental singular)
stornami (instrumental plural)
stornie (locative singular)
stornach (locative plural)
storno (singular vocative)
storna (plural vocative)

(finance) cancellation (a reversal of a transaction)


tragi

tragi (nominative plural)
trag (genitive plural)
tragów (genitive plural)
tragom (dative plural)
tragi (accusative plural)
tragami (instrumental plural)
tragach (locative plural)
tragi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish tragi. Cognate with German Trage.


spis

spis (nominative singular)
spisy (nominative plural)
spisu (genitive singular)
spisów (genitive plural)
spisowi (dative singular)
spisom (dative plural)
spis (accusative singular)
spisy (accusative plural)
spisem (instrumental singular)
spisami (instrumental plural)
spisie (locative singular)
spisach (locative plural)
spisie (singular vocative)
spisy (plural vocative)

(operations) inventory, list (text containing an enumeration in a specific order of objects, persons, activities, etc.)

(operations) inventory, list (process of producing or updating such a text)


waga

wagowy (adjective)
waga (nominative singular)
wagi (nominative plural)
wagi (genitive singular)
wag (genitive plural)
wadze (dative singular)
wagom (dative plural)
wagę (accusative singular)
wagi (accusative plural)
wagą (instrumental singular)
wagami (instrumental plural)
wadze (locative singular)
wagach (locative plural)
wago (singular vocative)
wagi (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: wôga

→ Russian: ва́га (vága)

→ Slovincian: wogha

→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)

→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)

(obsolete, trading) official right to control weighing of products intended for trade


stempel

stempelek (diminutive)
stempel (nominative singular)
stemple (nominative plural)
stempla (genitive singular)
stempli (genitive plural)
stemplowi (dative singular)
stemplom (dative plural)
stempel (accusative singular)
stemple (accusative plural)
stemplem (instrumental singular)
stemplami (instrumental plural)
stemplu (locative singular)
stemplach (locative plural)
stemplu (singular vocative)
stemple (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Stempel. Doublet of sztępel.


pens

pens (nominative singular)
pensy (nominative plural)
pensa (genitive singular)
pensów (genitive plural)
pensowi (dative singular)
pensom (dative plural)
pensa (accusative singular)
pensy (accusative plural)
pensem (instrumental singular)
pensami (instrumental plural)
pensie (locative singular)
pensach (locative plural)
pensie (singular vocative)
pensy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pence. Doublet of pieniądz.

penny (one-hundredth of a pound sterling)


outsourcing

outsourcing (nominative singular)
outsourcingu (genitive singular)
outsourcingowi (dative singular)
outsourcing (accusative singular)
outsourcingiem (instrumental singular)
outsourcingu (locative singular)
outsourcingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English outsourcing.


call center

Unadapted borrowing from English call center.


telemarketing

telemarketing (nominative singular)
telemarketingu (genitive singular)
telemarketingowi (dative singular)
telemarketing (accusative singular)
telemarketingiem (instrumental singular)
telemarketingu (locative singular)
telemarketingu (singular vocative)


Big Mac

Big Mac (nominative singular)
Big Maki (nominative plural)
Big Maca (genitive singular)
Big Maców (genitive plural)
Big Macowi (dative singular)
Big Macom (dative plural)
Big Maca (accusative singular)
Big Maki (accusative plural)
Big Makiem (instrumental singular)
Big Macami (instrumental plural)
Big Macu (locative singular)
Big Macach (locative plural)
Big Macu (singular vocative)
Big Maki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from American English Big Mac.

Big Mac (hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments)


billboard

billboard (nominative singular)
billboardy (nominative plural)
billboardu (genitive singular)
billboardów (genitive plural)
billboardowi (dative singular)
billboardom (dative plural)
billboard (accusative singular)
billboardy (accusative plural)
billboardem (instrumental singular)
billboardami (instrumental plural)
billboardzie (locative singular)
billboardach (locative plural)
billboardzie (singular vocative)
billboardy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English billboard.

billboard/bilbord reklamowy

postawić billboard/bilbord

billboard (large advertisement along side of highway)


renta

renta (nominative singular)
renty (nominative plural)
renty (genitive singular)
rent (genitive plural)
rencie (dative singular)
rentom (dative plural)
rentę (accusative singular)
renty (accusative plural)
rentą (instrumental singular)
rentami (instrumental plural)
rencie (locative singular)
rentach (locative plural)
rento (singular vocative)
renty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Rente, from Old French rente, from Early Medieval Latin rendita.

pogoń za rentą

(rare, economics) rent; profit made from one's capital or wealth


suma

pl-noun

suma f (diminutive sumka, related adjective sumowy)

sumka (diminutive)
sumowy (adjective)
suma (nominative singular)
sumy (nominative plural)
sumy (genitive singular)
sum (genitive plural)
sumie (dative singular)
sumom (dative plural)
sumę (accusative singular)
sumy (accusative plural)
sumą (instrumental singular)
sumami (instrumental plural)
sumie (locative singular)
sumach (locative plural)
sumo (singular vocative)
sumy (plural vocative)

amount, sum, figure (certain amount of money)

(mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)

(Roman Catholicism) mass, service (main mass help in church on Sundays and holidays)

(Middle Polish) sum, summary (short summation of text)


jechać

pl-verb

jechać impf (determinate, indeterminate jeździć)

jeździć (indeterminate)
jechać (infinitive)
jadę (present singular)
jedziemy (plural present)
jedziesz (present singular)
jedziecie (plural present)
jedzie (present singular third-person)
jadą (plural present third-person)
jedzie się (impersonal present)
jechałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechał (masculine past singular third-person)
jechała (feminine past singular third-person)
jechało (neuter past singular third-person)
jechali (past plural third-person virile)
jechały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
jechano (impersonal past)
będę jechał (future masculine singular)
będę jechać (future masculine singular)
będę jechała (feminine future singular)
będę jechać (feminine future singular)
będę jechało (future neuter singular)
będę jechać (future neuter singular)
będziemy jechali (future plural virile)
będziemy jechać (future plural virile)
będziemy jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz jechał (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechać (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechała (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechać (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechało (future neuter singular)
będziesz jechać (future neuter singular)
będziecie jechali (future plural virile)
będziecie jechać (future plural virile)
będziecie jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie jechał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą jechali (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechać (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą jechać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie jechać się (future impersonal)
jechałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by jechał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
jechałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by jechała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
jechałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by jechało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
jechaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by jechali (conditional plural third-person virile)
jechałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by jechały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
jechano by (conditional impersonal)
niech jadę (imperative singular)
jedźmy (imperative plural)
jedź (imperative singular)
jedźcie (imperative plural)
niech jedzie (imperative singular third-person)
niech jadą (imperative plural third-person)
jadący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
jadąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
jadące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
jadący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
jadące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
jadąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
jechanie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive, obsolete, mining) to walk in a mine


siano

sianko (diminutive)
siano (nominative singular)
siana (genitive singular)
sianu (dative singular)
siano (accusative singular)
sianem (instrumental singular)
sianie (locative singular)
siano (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sě̑no, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śéinas, *śáinan, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱóh₁y-no-, from the root *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine, shimmer”).


handel

pl-noun

handel m inan (diminutive handelek, related adjective handlowy)

handelek (diminutive)
handlowy (adjective)
handel (nominative singular)
handlu (genitive singular)
handlowi (dative singular)
handel (accusative singular)
handlem (instrumental singular)
handlu (locative singular)
handlu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Handel. First attested in 1538.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “handel”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(economics) trade (buying and selling of goods and services on a market) [with instrumental ‘in what’]

(obsolete) warehouse (place for storing large amounts of products)

(obsolete, colloquial, humorous) streetside junk trader (person who trades in junk by the street)

(Middle Polish) commodity (that which is traded)

(Middle Polish) trade (making transactions, activity, conduct, occupation, profession; enterprise, business, matter)


toner

pl-noun

toner m inan (related adjective tonerowy)

tonerowy (adjective)
toner (nominative singular)
tonery (nominative plural)
toneru (genitive singular)
tonerów (genitive plural)
tonerowi (dative singular)
tonerom (dative plural)
toner (accusative singular)
tonery (accusative plural)
tonerem (instrumental singular)
tonerami (instrumental plural)
tonerze (locative singular)
tonerach (locative plural)
tonerze (singular vocative)
tonery (plural vocative)

(printing) toner (powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on the printed paper)

(printing) toner cartridge (consumable component of a laser printer)


start-up

start-up (nominative singular)
start-upy (nominative plural)
start-upu (genitive singular)
start-upów (genitive plural)
start-upowi (dative singular)
start-upom (dative plural)
start-up (accusative singular)
start-upy (accusative plural)
start-upem (instrumental singular)
start-upami (instrumental plural)
start-upie (locative singular)
start-upach (locative plural)
start-upie (singular vocative)
start-upy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English start-up.

ubor

startup (new company, organization, or business venture designed for rapid growth)


legenda

legendowy (adjective)
legenda (nominative singular)
legendy (nominative plural)
legendy (genitive singular)
legend (genitive plural)
legendzie (dative singular)
legendom (dative plural)
legendę (accusative singular)
legendy (accusative plural)
legendą (instrumental singular)
legendami (instrumental plural)
legendzie (locative singular)
legendach (locative plural)
legendo (singular vocative)
legendy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English legend, French légende, German Legende, ultimately from Medieval Latin legenda.

legend (story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events)

legend (story in which a kernel of truth is embellished to an unlikely degree)

legend (person with legend-like qualities, such as extraordinary accomplishment)

(cartography) legend (key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.)

(heraldry) legend (inscription, motto, or title, especially one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon a heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration)

legend (instrumental piece of lyrical character, similar to a ballad)

(espionage, slang) legend (fabricated backstory for a spy, with associated documents and records)


funt

funt (nominative singular)
funty (nominative plural)
funta (genitive singular)
funtów (genitive plural)
funtowi (dative singular)
funtom (dative plural)
funta (accusative singular)
funty (accusative plural)
funtem (instrumental singular)
funtami (instrumental plural)
funcie (locative singular)
funtach (locative plural)
funcie (singular vocative)
funty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German phunt, from Old High German pfunt, phunt, from Proto-Germanic *pundą, from Latin pondō or pondus.

pound (currency of the United Kingdom, including its 9 territories: British Antarctic Territory; British Indian Ocean Territory; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Guernsey; Isle of Man; Jersey; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)


konto

konto (nominative singular)
konta (nominative plural)
konta (genitive singular)
kont (genitive plural)
kontu (dative singular)
kontom (dative plural)
konto (accusative singular)
konta (accusative plural)
kontem (instrumental singular)
kontami (instrumental plural)
koncie (locative singular)
kontach (locative plural)
konto (singular vocative)
konta (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: קאָנטע (konte)

Borrowed from German Konto, from Italian conto, from Vulgar Latin *contus, from Latin computus.

(accounting) account (registry of pecuniary transactions)


dieta

dieta (nominative singular)
diety (nominative plural)
diety (genitive singular)
diet (genitive plural)
diecie (dative singular)
dietom (dative plural)
dietę (accusative singular)
diety (accusative plural)
dietą (instrumental singular)
dietami (instrumental plural)
diecie (locative singular)
dietach (locative plural)
dieto (singular vocative)
diety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English diet, French diète, German Diät, ultimately from Latin diaeta, from Ancient Greek δῐ́αιτα (díaita).


baza

bazowy (adjective)
baza (nominative singular)
bazy (nominative plural)
bazy (genitive singular)
baz (genitive plural)
bazie (dative singular)
bazom (dative plural)
bazę (accusative singular)
bazy (accusative plural)
bazą (instrumental singular)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazie (locative singular)
bazach (locative plural)
bazo (singular vocative)
bazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: baza

→ Silesian: baza

Borrowed from French base. First attested in 1683.

ref

Danuta Lankiewicz (22.06.2015) “BAZA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Coordinate term: nadbudowa

(Marxism) base (forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life)


semafor

pl-noun

semafor m inan (related adjective semaforowy)

semaforowy (adjective)
semafor (nominative singular)
semafory (nominative plural)
semafora (genitive singular)
semaforów (genitive plural)
semaforowi (dative singular)
semaforom (dative plural)
semafor (accusative singular)
semafory (accusative plural)
semaforem (instrumental singular)
semaforami (instrumental plural)
semaforze (locative singular)
semaforach (locative plural)
semaforze (singular vocative)
semafory (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sémaphore. First attested in 1830.

(countable, advertising) semaphore; business sign (two-sided advertising sign mounted on a building wall perpendicular to it, often with a business's logo, etc.)


altruista

altruista m pers (female equivalent altruistka)

altruistka (feminine)
altruista (nominative singular)
altruiści (nominative plural)
altruisty (derogatory nominative plural)
altruisty (genitive singular)
altruistów (genitive plural)
altruiście (dative singular)
altruistom (dative plural)
altruistę (accusative singular)
altruistów (accusative plural)
altruistą (instrumental singular)
altruistami (instrumental plural)
altruiście (locative singular)
altruistach (locative plural)
altruisto (singular vocative)
altruiści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French altruiste. By surface analysis, altruizm + -ista. First attested in 1887.

ref

Izraelita (in Polish), number R.22, nr 6, 1887, page 44

altruista in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

prawdziwy altruista

wielki/większy/największy altruista


kombinat

pl-noun

kombinat m inan (related adjective kombinacki or kombinatowy)

kombinacki (adjective)
kombinatowy (adjective)
kombinat (nominative singular)
kombinaty (nominative plural)
kombinatu (genitive singular)
kombinatów (genitive plural)
kombinatowi (dative singular)
kombinatom (dative plural)
kombinat (accusative singular)
kombinaty (accusative plural)
kombinatem (instrumental singular)
kombinatami (instrumental plural)
kombinacie (locative singular)
kombinatach (locative plural)
kombinacie (singular vocative)
kombinaty (plural vocative)

combine, kombinat (group of enterprises that are technologically and organisationally linked)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


kapitalizm

kapitalizm (nominative singular)
kapitalizmu (genitive singular)
kapitalizmowi (dative singular)
kapitalizm (accusative singular)
kapitalizmem (instrumental singular)
kapitalizmie (locative singular)
kapitalizmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English capitalism, French capitalisme, German Kapitalismus.

(economics) capitalism (socio-economic system based on private property rights)