quiz

quiz (nominative singular)
quizy (nominative plural)
quizu (genitive singular)
quizów (genitive plural)
quizowi (dative singular)
quizom (dative plural)
quiz (accusative singular)
quizy (accusative plural)
quizem (instrumental singular)
quizami (instrumental plural)
quizie (locative singular)
quizach (locative plural)
quizie (singular vocative)
quizy (plural vocative)

quiz (competition in the answering of questions)


bank

bank (nominative singular)
banki (nominative plural)
banku (genitive singular)
banków (genitive plural)
bankowi (dative singular)
bankom (dative plural)
bank (accusative singular)
banki (accusative plural)
bankiem (instrumental singular)
bankami (instrumental plural)
banku (locative singular)
bankach (locative plural)
banku (singular vocative)
banki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bank, French banque, German Bank, ultimately from Lombardic bank.

trzymać bank

(gambling, card games) bank (a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw)


as

asik (diminutive)
as (nominative singular)
asy (nominative plural)
asa (genitive singular)
asów (genitive plural)
asowi (dative singular)
asom (dative plural)
asa (accusative singular)
asy (accusative plural)
asem (instrumental singular)
asami (instrumental plural)
asie (locative singular)
asach (locative plural)
asie (singular vocative)
asy (plural vocative)


tan

tan (nominative singular)
tany (nominative plural)
tanu (genitive singular)
tanów (genitive plural)
tanowi (dative singular)
tanom (dative plural)
tan (accusative singular)
tany (accusative plural)
tanem (instrumental singular)
tanami (instrumental plural)
tanie (locative singular)
tanach (locative plural)
tanie (singular vocative)
tany (plural vocative)

(archaic, humorous, usually in the plural) dance


boss

boss (nominative singular)
bossowie (nominative plural)
bossa (genitive singular)
bossów (genitive plural)
bossowi (dative singular)
bossom (dative plural)
bossa (accusative singular)
bossów (accusative plural)
bossem (instrumental singular)
bossami (instrumental plural)
bossie (locative singular)
bossach (locative plural)
bossie (singular vocative)
bossowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English boss, from Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes, from Old Dutch *baso, from Proto-Germanic *baswô.

(video games) boss (enemy in a video game)


salsa

salsa (nominative singular)
salsy (nominative plural)
salsy (genitive singular)
sals (genitive plural)
salsie (dative singular)
salsom (dative plural)
salsę (accusative singular)
salsy (accusative plural)
salsą (instrumental singular)
salsami (instrumental plural)
salsie (locative singular)
salsach (locative plural)
salso (singular vocative)
salsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish salsa, from Latin salsus (“salted”). Doublet of sos (“sauce”).


bal

balik (diminutive)
bal (nominative singular)
bale (nominative plural)
balu (genitive singular)
bali (genitive plural)
balowi (dative singular)
balom (dative plural)
bal (accusative singular)
bale (accusative plural)
balem (instrumental singular)
balami (instrumental plural)
balu (locative singular)
balach (locative plural)
balu (singular vocative)
bale (plural vocative)

→ Silesian: bŏl

Borrowed from French bal. First attested in 1665–1683.

ref

Paweł Kupiszewski (13.06.2024) “BAL”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]


bal

bal (nominative singular)
bale (nominative plural)
balu (genitive singular)
bali (genitive plural)
balowi (dative singular)
balom (dative plural)
bal (accusative singular)
bale (accusative plural)
balem (instrumental singular)
balami (instrumental plural)
balu (locative singular)
balach (locative plural)
balu (singular vocative)
bale (plural vocative)

bale (rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation, ten reams)


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, games) captain (most important player or team manager)

(uncountable, obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


wieża

wieżyczka (diminutive)
wieża (nominative singular)
wieże (nominative plural)
wieży (genitive singular)
wież (genitive plural)
wieży (dative singular)
wieżom (dative plural)
wieżę (accusative singular)
wieże (accusative plural)
wieżą (instrumental singular)
wieżami (instrumental plural)
wieży (locative singular)
wieżach (locative plural)
wieżo (singular vocative)
wieże (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wieża, from Proto-Slavic *věža.


chat

chatowy (adjective)
chat (nominative singular)
chaty (nominative plural)
chatu (genitive singular)
chatów (genitive plural)
chatowi (dative singular)
chatom (dative plural)
chat (accusative singular)
chaty (accusative plural)
chatem (instrumental singular)
chatami (instrumental plural)
chacie (locative singular)
chatach (locative plural)
chacie (singular vocative)
chaty (plural vocative)


fit

fit (nominative singular)
fity (nominative plural)
fita (genitive singular)
fitu (genitive singular)
fitów (genitive plural)
fitowi (dative singular)
fitom (dative plural)
fit (accusative singular)
fity (accusative plural)
fitem (instrumental singular)
fitami (instrumental plural)
ficie (locative singular)
fitach (locative plural)
ficie (singular vocative)
fity (plural vocative)


pula

pula (nominative singular)
pule (nominative plural)
puli (genitive singular)
pul (genitive plural)
puli (genitive plural)
puli (dative singular)
pulom (dative plural)
pulę (accusative singular)
pule (accusative plural)
pulą (instrumental singular)
pulami (instrumental plural)
puli (locative singular)
pulach (locative plural)
pulo (singular vocative)
pule (plural vocative)

(card games) pool, stakes, the pot (money available to be won)


set

set (nominative singular)
seta (genitive singular)
setowi (dative singular)
seta (accusative singular)
setem (instrumental singular)
secie (locative singular)
secie (singular vocative)

(card games) Set (real-time card game designed by Marsha Falco in 1974 and published by Set Enterprises in 1991)


full

pl-adj

full (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of ful


full

full (nominative singular)
fulle (nominative plural)
fullu (genitive singular)
fulli (genitive plural)
fullowi (dative singular)
fullom (dative plural)
full (accusative singular)
fulle (accusative plural)
fullem (instrumental singular)
fullami (instrumental plural)
fullu (locative singular)
fullach (locative plural)
fullu (singular vocative)
fulle (plural vocative)


klub

pl-noun

klub m inan (diminutive klubik, related adjective klubowy)

klubik (diminutive)
klubowy (adjective)
klub (nominative singular)
kluby (nominative plural)
klubu (genitive singular)
klubów (genitive plural)
klubowi (dative singular)
klubom (dative plural)
klub (accusative singular)
kluby (accusative plural)
klubem (instrumental singular)
klubami (instrumental plural)
klubie (locative singular)
klubach (locative plural)
klubie (singular vocative)
kluby (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Klub or French club, ultimately from English club.
First attested in the 18th century. Compare Silesian klub.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “klub”, in Słownik języka polskiego

Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “klub”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego

(politics) club (fraction of parliamentarians of the Polish parliament)


mana

mana (nominative singular)
many (genitive singular)
manie (dative singular)
manę (accusative singular)
maną (instrumental singular)
manie (locative singular)
mano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Maori mana, from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.

(fantasy roleplaying games) mana (magical power)


menu

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


pik

Borrowed from French pique. Doublet of pika.

(card games) spades (card game in which the spade suit cards are trumps)

(card games) spade (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♠)


pik

(card games, postpositive, relational) spades (card game in which the spade suit cards are trumps)


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(obsolete, university slang, games) leather ball


pat

pacik (diminutive)
pat (nominative singular)
paty (nominative plural)
pata (genitive singular)
patów (genitive plural)
patowi (dative singular)
patom (dative plural)
pata (accusative singular)
paty (accusative plural)
patem (instrumental singular)
patami (instrumental plural)
pacie (locative singular)
patach (locative plural)
pacie (singular vocative)
paty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pat, from Italian patta, probably from Latin pacta, plural of pactum.


papier

papier m inan (diminutive papierek, augmentative papierzysko, related adjective papierowy)

papierek (diminutive)
papierzysko (augmentative)
papierowy (adjective)
papier (nominative singular)
papiery (nominative plural)
papieru (genitive singular)
papierów (genitive plural)
papierowi (dative singular)
papierom (dative plural)
papier (accusative singular)
papiery (accusative plural)
papierem (instrumental singular)
papierami (instrumental plural)
papierze (locative singular)
papierach (locative plural)
papierze (singular vocative)
papiery (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: папе́ра (papjéra)

→ Kashubian: papiór

→ Lithuanian: popierius

→ Latvian: papīrs

Borrowed from Middle High German papier. First attested in 1528. Compare Silesian papiōr.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “papier”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

paper (open hand in the game of rock paper scissors)


hip-hop

hip-hop (nominative singular)
hip-hopu (genitive singular)
hip-hopowi (dative singular)
hip-hop (accusative singular)
hip-hopem (instrumental singular)
hip-hopie (locative singular)
hip-hopie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip-hop.

ubor

(dance) hip-hop dance (range of street dance styles primarily performed to hip hop music or that have evolved as part of hip hop culture)


pole

pl-noun

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(Middle Polish, chess) field (area on a chessboard)


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


los

losowy (adjective)
los (nominative singular)
losy (nominative plural)
losu (genitive singular)
losów (genitive plural)
losowi (dative singular)
losom (dative plural)
los (accusative singular)
losy (accusative plural)
losem (instrumental singular)
losami (instrumental plural)
losie (locative singular)
losach (locative plural)
losie (singular vocative)
losy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: лёс (ljos)

Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.

(countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)


lewa

lewa (nominative singular)
lewy (nominative plural)
lewy (genitive singular)
lew (genitive plural)
lewie (dative singular)
lewom (dative plural)
lewę (accusative singular)
lewy (accusative plural)
lewą (instrumental singular)
lewami (instrumental plural)
lewie (locative singular)
lewach (locative plural)
lewo (singular vocative)
lewy (plural vocative)


poker

poker (nominative singular)
pokera (genitive singular)
pokerowi (dative singular)
poker (accusative singular)
pokerem (instrumental singular)
pokerze (locative singular)
pokerze (singular vocative)

poker królewski


snooker

snooker (nominative singular)
snookera (genitive singular)
snookerowi (dative singular)
snooker (accusative singular)
snookerem (instrumental singular)
snookerze (locative singular)
snookerze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English snooker.


RPG

Orthographic borrowing from English RPG.

roleplaying game, RPG (type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master))

roleplaying game, RPG (type of computer game where the player takes the role of a character or party, normally lacking tests of physical skill and including more story-telling and narrative aspects than traditional action games)


abandonware

abandonware (nominative singular)
abandonware'u (genitive singular)
abandonware'owi (dative singular)
abandonware (accusative singular)
abandonware'em (instrumental singular)
abandonwarze (locative singular)
abandonwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English abandonware. First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

[…], a które to cechy ewentualnie umożliwiałyby kwalifikację danego programu komputerowego do kategorii abandonware.

2019, Łukasz Koźbiał, “ABANDONWARE W ŚWIETLE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO – UWAGI OGÓLNE”, in Małgorzata Babula, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

[…], which traits could potentially allow for the possibility to qualify the given program as abandonware.

(software) abandonware (software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it)


joker

joker (nominative singular)
jokery (nominative plural)
jokera (genitive singular)
jokerów (genitive plural)
jokerowi (dative singular)
jokerom (dative plural)
jokera (accusative singular)
jokery (accusative plural)
jokerem (instrumental singular)
jokerami (instrumental plural)
jokerze (locative singular)
jokerach (locative plural)
jokerze (singular vocative)
jokery (plural vocative)

(card games) Alternative spelling of dżoker


flamenco

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish flamenco. Doublet of Flamand.

ubor

flamenco (genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, Spain)


adagio

adagio (nominative singular)
adagia (nominative plural)
adagia (genitive singular)
adagiów (genitive plural)
adagiu (dative singular)
adagiom (dative plural)
adagio (accusative singular)
adagia (accusative plural)
adagiem (instrumental singular)
adagiami (instrumental plural)
adagiu (locative singular)
adagiach (locative plural)
adagio (singular vocative)
adagio (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian adagio. First attested in 1823.

ref

Kurjer Warszawski (in Polish), volume 3, t.2, number 167, 1823, page 1

(dance) adagio (a male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts)


kot

pl-noun

kot m animal (female equivalent kocica or kotka, diminutive kotek, augmentative kocur or kocisko, related adjective koci)

kocica (feminine)
kotka (feminine)
kotek (diminutive)
kocur (augmentative)
kocisko (augmentative)
koci (adjective)
kot (nominative singular)
koty (nominative plural)
kota (genitive singular)
kotów (genitive plural)
kotu (dative singular)
kotom (dative plural)
kota (accusative singular)
koty (accusative plural)
kotem (instrumental singular)
kotami (instrumental plural)
kocie (locative singular)
kotach (locative plural)
kocie (singular vocative)
koty (plural vocative)

(in the plural, colloquial) dust bunny (clump of dust that accumulates indoors)

W istocie, kot czuł s tyłu myśliwych i psiarnie,
Rwał w pole, słuchy wytknął jak dwa różki sarnie

1834, Adam Mickiewicz, chapter IV, in Pan Tadeusz, page 189, lines 934–935:

In very truth, the hare felt behind it the hunters and the pack; it was making for the field; it stretched out behind it its ears like two deer's horns [transl. by George Rapall Noyes]

(hunting slang) hare (any mammal of the genus Lepus, similar to a rabbit, but larger and with longer ears)

dać kota

dostać kota


wilk

wilk m animal (female equivalent wilczyca, diminutive wilczek, augmentative wilczysko, related adjective wilczy)

wilczyca (feminine)
wilczek (diminutive)
wilczysko (augmentative)
wilczy (adjective)
wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilka (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilka (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


pad

pad (nominative singular)
pady (nominative plural)
padu (genitive singular)
padów (genitive plural)
padowi (dative singular)
padom (dative plural)
pad (accusative singular)
pady (accusative plural)
padem (instrumental singular)
padami (instrumental plural)
padzie (locative singular)
padach (locative plural)
padzie (singular vocative)
pady (plural vocative)


park

parkowy (adjective)
park (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parku (genitive singular)
parków (genitive plural)
parkowi (dative singular)
parkom (dative plural)
park (accusative singular)
parki (accusative plural)
parkiem (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)
parku (locative singular)
parkach (locative plural)
parku (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin parcus.

lbor

park (ground for recreation in a city or town)


mat

mat (nominative singular)
maty (nominative plural)
mata (genitive singular)
matów (genitive plural)
matowi (dative singular)
matom (dative plural)
mata (accusative singular)
maty (accusative plural)
matem (instrumental singular)
matami (instrumental plural)
macie (locative singular)
matach (locative plural)
macie (singular vocative)
maty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَات (māt), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât).


joystick

joystick (nominative singular)
joysticki (nominative plural)
joysticku (genitive singular)
joysticków (genitive plural)
joystickowi (dative singular)
joystickom (dative plural)
joystick (accusative singular)
joysticki (accusative plural)
joystickiem (instrumental singular)
joystickami (instrumental plural)
joysticku (locative singular)
joystickach (locative plural)
joysticku (singular vocative)
joysticki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joystick.


twist

twist (nominative singular)
twisty (nominative plural)
twista (genitive singular)
twistów (genitive plural)
twistowi (dative singular)
twistom (dative plural)
twist (accusative singular)
twisty (accusative plural)
twistem (instrumental singular)
twistami (instrumental plural)
twiście (locative singular)
twistach (locative plural)
twiście (singular vocative)
twisty (plural vocative)

jar with a threaded neck and a screw cap allowing airtight sealing


oko

pl-noun

oko n (diminutive oczko, augmentative oczysko)

oczko (diminutive)
oczysko (augmentative)
oko (nominative singular)
oczy (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
oczu (genitive plural)
ócz (genitive plural)
oczów (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
oczom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oczy (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
oczami (instrumental plural)
oczyma (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
oczach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oczy (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(Middle Polish, games) point on a game die


oko

oko (nominative singular)
oka (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
ok (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
okom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oka (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
okami (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
okach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oka (plural vocative)


rumba

rumba (nominative singular)
rumby (nominative plural)
rumby (genitive singular)
rumb (genitive plural)
rumbie (dative singular)
rumbom (dative plural)
rumbę (accusative singular)
rumby (accusative plural)
rumbą (instrumental singular)
rumbami (instrumental plural)
rumbie (locative singular)
rumbach (locative plural)
rumbo (singular vocative)
rumby (plural vocative)


hazard

hazard (nominative singular)
hazardy (nominative plural)
hazardu (genitive singular)
hazardów (genitive plural)
hazardowi (dative singular)
hazardom (dative plural)
hazard (accusative singular)
hazardy (accusative plural)
hazardem (instrumental singular)
hazardami (instrumental plural)
hazardzie (locative singular)
hazardach (locative plural)
hazardzie (singular vocative)
hazardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hasard, from Old French hasart, from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).


gambit

gambit (nominative singular)
gambity (nominative plural)
gambitu (genitive singular)
gambitów (genitive plural)
gambitowi (dative singular)
gambitom (dative plural)
gambit (accusative singular)
gambity (accusative plural)
gambitem (instrumental singular)
gambitami (instrumental plural)
gambicie (locative singular)
gambitach (locative plural)
gambicie (singular vocative)
gambity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English gambit, from Italian gambetto, from gamba, from Late Latin gamba, from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ), from Proto-Indo-European *kamp-.


hetman

hetman (nominative singular)
hetmany (nominative plural)
hetmana (genitive singular)
hetmanów (genitive plural)
hetmanowi (dative singular)
hetmanom (dative plural)
hetmana (accusative singular)
hetmany (accusative plural)
hetmanem (instrumental singular)
hetmanami (instrumental plural)
hetmanie (locative singular)
hetmanach (locative plural)
hetmanie (singular vocative)
hetmany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman, from houbet, heupt. Compare German Hauptmann. The e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.


pas

pas (nominative singular)
pasy (nominative plural)
pasu (genitive singular)
pasów (genitive plural)
pasowi (dative singular)
pasom (dative plural)
pas (accusative singular)
pasy (accusative plural)
pasem (instrumental singular)
pasami (instrumental plural)
pasie (locative singular)
pasach (locative plural)
pasie (singular vocative)
pasy (plural vocative)


pion

pionek (diminutive)
pion (nominative singular)
piony (nominative plural)
piona (genitive singular)
pionów (genitive plural)
pionowi (dative singular)
pionom (dative plural)
pion (accusative singular)
piony (accusative plural)
pionem (instrumental singular)
pionami (instrumental plural)
pionie (locative singular)
pionach (locative plural)
pionie (singular vocative)
piony (plural vocative)


samba

samba (nominative singular)
samby (nominative plural)
samby (genitive singular)
samb (genitive plural)
sambie (dative singular)
sambom (dative plural)
sambę (accusative singular)
samby (accusative plural)
sambą (instrumental singular)
sambami (instrumental plural)
sambie (locative singular)
sambach (locative plural)
sambo (singular vocative)
samby (plural vocative)


volta

volta (nominative singular)
volty (nominative plural)
volty (genitive singular)
volt (genitive plural)
volcie (dative singular)
voltom (dative plural)
voltę (accusative singular)
volty (accusative plural)
voltą (instrumental singular)
voltami (instrumental plural)
volcie (locative singular)
voltach (locative plural)
volto (singular vocative)
volty (plural vocative)


bluff

bluff (nominative singular)
bluffy (nominative plural)
bluffu (genitive singular)
bluffów (genitive plural)
bluffowi (dative singular)
bluffom (dative plural)
bluff (accusative singular)
bluffy (accusative plural)
bluffem (instrumental singular)
bluffami (instrumental plural)
bluffie (locative singular)
bluffach (locative plural)
bluffie (singular vocative)
bluffy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from French bluff, from English bluff.

(card games) Alternative spelling of blef


drab

drab (nominative singular)
draby (nominative plural)
draba (genitive singular)
drabów (genitive plural)
drabowi (dative singular)
drabom (dative plural)
draba (accusative singular)
draby (accusative plural)
drabem (instrumental singular)
drabami (instrumental plural)
drabie (locative singular)
drabach (locative plural)
drabie (singular vocative)
draby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech dráb, from Middle High German drabant, trabant. Doublet of drabant and trabant.


bingo

bingo! (used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task)


honor

honor (nominative singular)
honory (nominative plural)
honoru (genitive singular)
honorów (genitive plural)
honorowi (dative singular)
honorom (dative plural)
honor (accusative singular)
honory (accusative plural)
honorem (instrumental singular)
honorami (instrumental plural)
honorze (locative singular)
honorach (locative plural)
honorze (singular vocative)
honory (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: го́норъ (hónor), го́неръ (hóner)
Belarusian: го́нар (hónar)
Carpathian Rusyn: го́нор (hónor)
Ukrainian: го́нор (hónor); го́нір (hónir) (dialectal)
→ Middle Russian: го́норъ (gónor)
Russian: го́нор (gónor)

Inherited from Old Polish honor, from Latin honor.

(countable, bridge, card games) honor (in bridge: an ace, king, queen, jack, or ten, especially of the trump suit; in some other games: an ace, king, queen, or jack)


sala

pl-noun

sala f (diminutive salka, related adjective salowy)

salka (diminutive)
salowy (adjective)
sala (nominative singular)
sale (nominative plural)
sali (genitive singular)
sal (genitive plural)
sali (dative singular)
salom (dative plural)
salę (accusative singular)
sale (accusative plural)
salą (instrumental singular)
salami (instrumental plural)
sali (locative singular)
salach (locative plural)
salo (singular vocative)
sale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French salle. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “sala”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


diabolo

Borrowed from French diabolo. Doublet of diabeł.

diabolo (juggling apparatus consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string attached to handsticks)

diabolo (activity of playing with diabolo)


rock and roll

rock and roll (nominative singular)
rock and rolla (genitive singular)
rock and rollowi (dative singular)
rock and rolla (accusative singular)
rock and rollem (instrumental singular)
rock and rollu (locative singular)
rock and rollu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rock and roll.

ubor

rock and roll (style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music)


tango

tango (nominative singular)
tanga (nominative plural)
tanga (genitive singular)
tang (genitive plural)
tangu (dative singular)
tangom (dative plural)
tango (accusative singular)
tanga (accusative plural)
tangiem (instrumental singular)
tangami (instrumental plural)
tangu (locative singular)
tangach (locative plural)
tango (singular vocative)
tanga (plural vocative)


spa

spa (health resort near a mineral spring or hot spring)


blackjack

blackjack (nominative singular)
blackjacki (nominative plural)
blackjacka (genitive singular)
blackjacków (genitive plural)
blackjackowi (dative singular)
blackjackom (dative plural)
blackjacka (accusative singular)
blackjacki (accusative plural)
blackjackiem (instrumental singular)
blackjackami (instrumental plural)
blackjacku (locative singular)
blackjackach (locative plural)
blackjacku (singular vocative)
blackjacki (plural vocative)

/blɛɡˈd͡ʐɛk/

Unadapted borrowing from English blackjack.

(card games) blackjack (common gambling card game in casinos, where the object is to get as close to 21 without going over)


polka

poleczka (diminutive)
polka (nominative singular)
polki (nominative plural)
polki (genitive singular)
polek (genitive plural)
polce (dative singular)
polkom (dative plural)
polkę (accusative singular)
polki (accusative plural)
polką (instrumental singular)
polkami (instrumental plural)
polce (locative singular)
polkach (locative plural)
polko (singular vocative)
polki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Czech polka. Doublet of półka.


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete) die used in a particular children's game


bossa nova

bossa nova (nominative singular)
bossa novy (genitive singular)
bossa novie (dative singular)
bossa novę (accusative singular)
bossa novą (instrumental singular)
bossa novie (locative singular)
bossa novo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Brazilian Portuguese bossa nova.


black jack

black jack (nominative singular)
black jacki (nominative plural)
black jacka (genitive singular)
black jacków (genitive plural)
black jackowi (dative singular)
black jackom (dative plural)
black jacka (accusative singular)
black jacki (accusative plural)
black jackiem (instrumental singular)
black jackami (instrumental plural)
black jacku (locative singular)
black jackach (locative plural)
black jacku (singular vocative)
black jacki (plural vocative)

/blɛɡˈd͡ʐɛk/

(card games) Alternative spelling of blackjack


bowling

bowling (nominative singular)
bowlingu (genitive singular)
bowlingowi (dative singular)
bowling (accusative singular)
bowlingiem (instrumental singular)
bowlingu (locative singular)
bowlingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bowling.


breakdance

pl-noun

breakdance m inan (indeclinable, related adjective breakdance'owy or breakdansowy)

breakdance'owy (adjective)
breakdansowy (adjective)
breakdance (nominative singular)
breakdance'y (nominative plural)
breakdance'a (genitive singular)
breakdance'ów (genitive plural)
breakdance'owi (dative singular)
breakdance'om (dative plural)
breakdance (accusative singular)
breakdance'y (accusative plural)
breakdance'em (instrumental singular)
breakdance'ami (instrumental plural)
breakdansie (locative singular)
breakdance'ach (locative plural)
breakdansie (singular vocative)
breakdance'y (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from breakdance.

pseudo-loan

(dance) breakdancing (urban style of acrobatic street dance that originated in the hip hop culture of New York City in the late 20th century)


sudoku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 数独 (sūdoku).


jota

jota (nominative singular)
joty (nominative plural)
joty (genitive singular)
jot (genitive plural)
jocie (dative singular)
jotom (dative plural)
jotę (accusative singular)
joty (accusative plural)
jotą (instrumental singular)
jotami (instrumental plural)
jocie (locative singular)
jotach (locative plural)
joto (singular vocative)
joty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish jota, from older xota, from Mozarabic *šáwta, from Latin saltō.


frisbee

Unadapted borrowing from English Frisbee. Genericized trademark.

Frisbee, disc, flying disc (disk-shaped gliding toy, sold under the brand name Frisbee)


muppet

muppet (nominative singular)
muppety (nominative plural)
muppeta (genitive singular)
muppetów (genitive plural)
muppetowi (dative singular)
muppetom (dative plural)
muppeta (accusative singular)
muppety (accusative plural)
muppetem (instrumental singular)
muppetami (instrumental plural)
muppecie (locative singular)
muppetach (locative plural)
muppecie (singular vocative)
muppety (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English muppet.

Muppet (puppet in the style of Jim Henson's Muppets)


fianchetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian fianchetto.

(chess) fianchetto (development of a bishop by moving it one square to a long diagonal; specifically, a set of opening moves where a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent knight file)


Barbie

Unadapted borrowing from English Barbie.

Barbie (tall, slender female fashion doll)


mach

mach (nominative singular)
machy (nominative plural)
macha (genitive singular)
machów (genitive plural)
machowi (dative singular)
machom (dative plural)
macha (accusative singular)
machy (accusative plural)
machem (instrumental singular)
machami (instrumental plural)
machu (locative singular)
machach (locative plural)
machu (singular vocative)
machy (plural vocative)


arkan

arkan (nominative singular)
arkanu (genitive singular)
arkanowi (dative singular)
arkan (accusative singular)
arkanem (instrumental singular)
arkanie (locative singular)
arkanie (singular vocative)

arkan (popular circle dance of the Ukrainian Hutsul people (from Hutsulshchyna, southwestern Ukraine))


domino

dominowy (adjective)
domino (nominative singular)
domina (genitive singular)
dominu (dative singular)
domino (accusative singular)
dominem (instrumental singular)
dominie (locative singular)
domino (singular vocative)

(dominoes) dominoes (any of several games played by arranging domino tiles on a flat surface)


koń

pl-noun

koń m animal (diminutive konik, augmentative konisko, related adjective koński)

konik (diminutive)
konisko (augmentative)
koński (adjective)
koń (nominative singular)
konie (nominative plural)
konia (genitive singular)
koni (genitive plural)
koniowi (dative singular)
koniom (dative plural)
konia (accusative singular)
konie (accusative plural)
koniem (instrumental singular)
końmi (instrumental plural)
koniu (locative singular)
koniach (locative plural)
koniu (singular vocative)
konie (plural vocative)

darowanemu koniowi nie patrzy się w zęby

(chess) knight (chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces)


balerina

balerina (nominative singular)
baleriny (nominative plural)
baleriny (genitive singular)
balerin (genitive plural)
balerinie (dative singular)
balerinom (dative plural)
balerinę (accusative singular)
baleriny (accusative plural)
baleriną (instrumental singular)
balerinami (instrumental plural)
balerinie (locative singular)
balerinach (locative plural)
balerino (singular vocative)
baleriny (plural vocative)


tarot

tarot (nominative singular)
tarota (genitive singular)
tarotowi (dative singular)
tarot (accusative singular)
tarotem (instrumental singular)
tarocie (locative singular)
tarocie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French tarot, from Italian tarocco.


balet

balet m inan (diminutive balecik, related adjective baletowy)

balecik (diminutive)
baletowy (adjective)
balet (nominative singular)
balety (nominative plural)
baletu (genitive singular)
baletów (genitive plural)
baletowi (dative singular)
baletom (dative plural)
balet (accusative singular)
balety (accusative plural)
baletem (instrumental singular)
baletami (instrumental plural)
balecie (locative singular)
baletach (locative plural)
balecie (singular vocative)
balety (plural vocative)

ballet (classical form of dance or a theatrical presentation of such dancing)

ballet (company of persons who perform this dance)

(colloquial, in the plural) dance party with music


kolo

kolo (nominative singular)
kola (genitive singular)
kolu (dative singular)
kolo (accusative singular)
kolem (instrumental singular)
kolu (locative singular)
kolo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kolo. Doublet of koło

kolo (national folk dance common in regions pertaining to South Slavic people, performed in a circle)


figura

figura (nominative singular)
figury (nominative plural)
figury (genitive singular)
figur (genitive plural)
figurze (dative singular)
figurom (dative plural)
figurę (accusative singular)
figury (accusative plural)
figurą (instrumental singular)
figurami (instrumental plural)
figurze (locative singular)
figurach (locative plural)
figuro (singular vocative)
figury (plural vocative)


soundtrack

soundtrack (nominative singular)
soundtracki (nominative plural)
soundtracku (genitive singular)
soundtracków (genitive plural)
soundtrackowi (dative singular)
soundtrackom (dative plural)
soundtrack (accusative singular)
soundtracki (accusative plural)
soundtrackiem (instrumental singular)
soundtrackami (instrumental plural)
soundtracku (locative singular)
soundtrackach (locative plural)
soundtracku (singular vocative)
soundtracki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soundtrack.

ubor

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (recording of such music for sale)


PlayStation

Unadapted borrowing from English PlayStation.

PlayStation (any of the home consoles in Sony's PlayStation product line, especially the original PlayStation)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


dama

dama (nominative singular)
damy (nominative plural)
damy (genitive singular)
dam (genitive plural)
damie (dative singular)
damom (dative plural)
damę (accusative singular)
damy (accusative plural)
damą (instrumental singular)
damami (instrumental plural)
damie (locative singular)
damach (locative plural)
damo (singular vocative)
damy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French dame, Old French dame, from Late Latin domna, shortened variant of Latin domina. Doublet of domina.

dama karo

dama kier

dama pik

dama trefl


lotto

Borrowed from Italian lotto. Doublet of los. Compare Old Polish lot, lotować.

(colloquial) lotto (game of chance similar to bingo)


gigolo

gigolo (nominative singular)
gigolowie (nominative plural)
gigola (genitive singular)
gigolów (genitive plural)
gigolowi (dative singular)
gigolom (dative plural)
gigola (accusative singular)
gigolów (accusative plural)
gigolem (instrumental singular)
gigolami (instrumental plural)
gigolu (locative singular)
gigolach (locative plural)
gigolu (singular vocative)
gigolowie (plural vocative)


totalizator

totalizator (nominative singular)
totalizatory (nominative plural)
totalizatoru (genitive singular)
totalizatorów (genitive plural)
totalizatorowi (dative singular)
totalizatorom (dative plural)
totalizator (accusative singular)
totalizatory (accusative plural)
totalizatorem (instrumental singular)
totalizatorami (instrumental plural)
totalizatorze (locative singular)
totalizatorach (locative plural)
totalizatorze (singular vocative)
totalizatory (plural vocative)

(gambling) totalizator (gambling game in the form of betting, the participants of which typify the results of sports competitions)

(gambling) totalizator (computer-like machine, at a racecourse, that registers bets and distributes the total amount bet among those who win)


ful

ful (nominative singular)
fule (nominative plural)
fulu (genitive singular)
fuli (genitive plural)
fulowi (dative singular)
fulom (dative plural)
ful (accusative singular)
fule (accusative plural)
fulem (instrumental singular)
fulami (instrumental plural)
fulu (locative singular)
fulach (locative plural)
fulu (singular vocative)
fule (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English full. Doublet of pełny and plenum.


camping

camping (nominative singular)
campingi (nominative plural)
campingu (genitive singular)
campingów (genitive plural)
campingowi (dative singular)
campingom (dative plural)
camping (accusative singular)
campingi (accusative plural)
campingiem (instrumental singular)
campingami (instrumental plural)
campingu (locative singular)
campingach (locative plural)
campingu (singular vocative)
campingi (plural vocative)


jacuzzi

Unadapted borrowing from American English jacuzzi. Genericized trademark. Doublet of Jakub.

ubor

jacuzzi (hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body)


headshot

headshot (nominative singular)
headshoty (nominative plural)
headshota (genitive singular)
headshotów (genitive plural)
headshotowi (dative singular)
headshotom (dative plural)
headshot (accusative singular)
headshoty (accusative plural)
headshotem (instrumental singular)
headshotami (instrumental plural)
headshocie (locative singular)
headshotach (locative plural)
headshocie (singular vocative)
headshoty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English headshot.

(video games) headshot (gunshot to the head)


bila

bila (nominative singular)
bile (nominative plural)
bili (genitive singular)
bil (genitive plural)
bili (dative singular)
bilom (dative plural)
bilę (accusative singular)
bile (accusative plural)
bilą (instrumental singular)
bilami (instrumental plural)
bili (locative singular)
bilach (locative plural)
bilo (singular vocative)
bile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bille. First attested in 1837.

biała bila

czarna bila

kolorowa bila

bila uderza o coś/w coś

uderzyć (w) bilę


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)


tuz

tuz (nominative singular)
tuzy (nominative plural)
tuza (genitive singular)
tuzów (genitive plural)
tuzowi (dative singular)
tuzom (dative plural)
tuza (accusative singular)
tuzy (accusative plural)
tuzem (instrumental singular)
tuzami (instrumental plural)
tuzie (locative singular)
tuzach (locative plural)
tuzie (singular vocative)
tuzy (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: туз (tuz)
→ Armenian: տուզ (tuz)
→ Estonian: tuus
→ Georgian: ტუზი (ṭuzi)
→ Mingrelian: ტუზი (ṭuzi, “ace”), ტუზუ (ṭuzu, “big-shot”)

→ Ukrainian: туз (tuz)

Borrowed from Middle High German tūs, dūs (“deuce”) (German Daus), from Old French dous (“two”).


zugzwang

zugzwang (nominative singular)
zugzwangi (nominative plural)
zugzwangu (genitive singular)
zugzwangów (genitive plural)
zugzwangowi (dative singular)
zugzwangom (dative plural)
zugzwang (accusative singular)
zugzwangi (accusative plural)
zugzwangiem (instrumental singular)
zugzwangami (instrumental plural)
zugzwangu (locative singular)
zugzwangach (locative plural)
zugzwangu (singular vocative)
zugzwangi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Zugzwang.

ubor

(chess) zugzwang (situation in which a player is forced to make a disadvantageous move)


gra

pl-noun

gra f (diminutive gierka, related adjective growy or gierny)

gierka (diminutive)
growy (adjective)
gierny (adjective)
gra (nominative singular)
gry (nominative plural)
gry (genitive singular)
gier (genitive plural)
grze (dative singular)
grom (dative plural)
grę (accusative singular)
gry (accusative plural)
grą (instrumental singular)
grami (instrumental plural)
grze (locative singular)
grach (locative plural)
gro (singular vocative)
gry (plural vocative)


berek

berek (nominative singular)
berki (nominative plural)
berka (genitive singular)
berków (genitive plural)
berkowi (dative singular)
berkom (dative plural)
berka (accusative singular)
berki (accusative plural)
berkiem (instrumental singular)
berkami (instrumental plural)
berku (locative singular)
berkach (locative plural)
berku (singular vocative)
berki (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Some scholars claim it may be a form of a dialectal word berek which meant short, stocky, sturdy horse.

bawić się/grać w berka


kolor

kolorek (diminutive)
kolor (nominative singular)
kolory (nominative plural)
koloru (genitive singular)
kolorów (genitive plural)
kolorowi (dative singular)
kolorom (dative plural)
kolor (accusative singular)
kolory (accusative plural)
kolorem (instrumental singular)
kolorami (instrumental plural)
kolorze (locative singular)
kolorach (locative plural)
kolorze (singular vocative)
kolory (plural vocative)


deska

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska. Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).


kość

kość f (diminutive kostka, augmentative kościsko, related adjective kostny)

kostka (diminutive)
kościsko (augmentative)
kostny (adjective)
kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościom (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kością (instrumental singular)
kośćmi (instrumental plural)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)

bone (composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates)

(chiefly in the plural) die (isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


comber

comber (nominative singular)
combry (nominative plural)
combra (genitive singular)
combrów (genitive plural)
combrowi (dative singular)
combrom (dative plural)
comber (accusative singular)
combry (accusative plural)
combrem (instrumental singular)
combrami (instrumental plural)
combrze (locative singular)
combrach (locative plural)
combrze (singular vocative)
combry (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from German Zampern, Zempern, Zemper.

(historical) medieval folk carnival game formerly held in various regions of Poland, usually on Fat Thursday


wist

wist (nominative singular)
wisty (nominative plural)
wistu (genitive singular)
wistów (genitive plural)
wistowi (dative singular)
wistom (dative plural)
wist (accusative singular)
wisty (accusative plural)
wistem (instrumental singular)
wistami (instrumental plural)
wiście (locative singular)
wistach (locative plural)
wiście (singular vocative)
wisty (plural vocative)


blok

bloczek (diminutive)
blok (nominative singular)
bloki (nominative plural)
bloku (genitive singular)
bloków (genitive plural)
blokowi (dative singular)
blokom (dative plural)
blok (accusative singular)
bloki (accusative plural)
blokiem (instrumental singular)
blokami (instrumental plural)
bloku (locative singular)
blokach (locative plural)
bloku (singular vocative)
bloki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Block. Sense 8 is a semantic loan from English code block, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English block, sense 10 is a semantic loan from English heart block, and sense 11 is a semantic loan from English engine block. First attested in 1782.

sl

blok okolicznościowy/pamiątkowy

wydać blok

(philately) block, miniature sheet (joined group of four (or in some cases nine) postage stamps, forming a roughly square shape)


granica

graniczny (adjective)
granica (nominative singular)
granice (nominative plural)
granicy (genitive singular)
granic (genitive plural)
granicy (dative singular)
granicom (dative plural)
granicę (accusative singular)
granice (accusative plural)
granicą (instrumental singular)
granicami (instrumental plural)
granicy (locative singular)
granicach (locative plural)
granico (singular vocative)
granice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish granica. By surface analysis, grań + -ica.

(obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


gamepad

gamepad (nominative singular)
gamepady (nominative plural)
gamepadu (genitive singular)
gamepadów (genitive plural)
gamepadowi (dative singular)
gamepadom (dative plural)
gamepad (accusative singular)
gamepady (accusative plural)
gamepadem (instrumental singular)
gamepadami (instrumental plural)
gamepadzie (locative singular)
gamepadach (locative plural)
gamepadzie (singular vocative)
gamepady (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English gamepad.


almeja

almeja (nominative singular)
almeje (nominative plural)
almei (genitive singular)
almei (genitive plural)
almej (genitive plural)
almei (dative singular)
almejom (dative plural)
almeję (accusative singular)
almeje (accusative plural)
almeją (instrumental singular)
almejami (instrumental plural)
almei (locative singular)
almejach (locative plural)
almejo (singular vocative)
almeje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French almée. First attested in the mid 19th c..

almah (Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment)


zumba

zumba (nominative singular)
zumby (genitive singular)
zumbie (dative singular)
zumbę (accusative singular)
zumbą (instrumental singular)
zumbie (locative singular)
zumbo (singular vocative)

(dance, exercise) Zumba (fitness program that combines Latin and international music with dance)


łacina

łaciński (adjective)
łacina (nominative singular)
łaciny (genitive singular)
łacinie (dative singular)
łacinę (accusative singular)
łaciną (instrumental singular)
łacinie (locative singular)
łacino (singular vocative)

Latin (language of the ancient Romans, other Latins, and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin)


ochota

ochota (nominative singular)
ochoty (genitive singular)
ochocie (dative singular)
ochotę (accusative singular)
ochotą (instrumental singular)
ochocie (locative singular)
ochoto (singular vocative)


jechać

pl-verb

jechać impf (determinate, perfective pojechać, indeterminate jeździć)

pojechać (perfective)
jeździć (indeterminate)
jechać (infinitive)
jadę (present singular)
jedziemy (plural present)
jedziesz (present singular)
jedziecie (plural present)
jedzie (present singular third-person)
jadą (plural present third-person)
jedzie się (impersonal present)
jechałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechał (masculine past singular third-person)
jechała (feminine past singular third-person)
jechało (neuter past singular third-person)
jechali (past plural third-person virile)
jechały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
jechano (impersonal past)
będę jechał (future masculine singular)
będę jechać (future masculine singular)
będę jechała (feminine future singular)
będę jechać (feminine future singular)
będę jechało (future neuter singular)
będę jechać (future neuter singular)
będziemy jechali (future plural virile)
będziemy jechać (future plural virile)
będziemy jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz jechał (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechać (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechała (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechać (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechało (future neuter singular)
będziesz jechać (future neuter singular)
będziecie jechali (future plural virile)
będziecie jechać (future plural virile)
będziecie jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie jechał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą jechali (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechać (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą jechać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie jechać się (future impersonal)
jechałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by jechał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
jechałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by jechała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
jechałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by jechało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
jechaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by jechali (conditional plural third-person virile)
jechałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by jechały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
jechano by (conditional impersonal)
niech jadę (imperative singular)
jedźmy (imperative plural)
jedź (imperative singular)
jedźcie (imperative plural)
niech jedzie (imperative singular third-person)
niech jadą (imperative plural third-person)
jadący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
jadąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
jadące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
jadący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
jadące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
jadąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
jechanie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive, Middle Polish, chess) to move (to make a move with a chess piece)


joypad

joypad (nominative singular)
joypady (nominative plural)
joypadu (genitive singular)
joypadów (genitive plural)
joypadowi (dative singular)
joypadom (dative plural)
joypad (accusative singular)
joypady (accusative plural)
joypadem (instrumental singular)
joypadami (instrumental plural)
joypadzie (locative singular)
joypadach (locative plural)
joypadzie (singular vocative)
joypady (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joypad.


jojo

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of jo-jo


mnich

mnich (nominative singular)
mniszy (nominative plural)
mnichowie (nominative plural)
mnicha (genitive singular)
mnichów (genitive plural)
mnichowi (dative singular)
mnichom (dative plural)
mnicha (accusative singular)
mnichy (accusative plural)
mnichem (instrumental singular)
mnichy (instrumental plural)
mnichami (instrumental plural)
mnichu (locative singular)
mnichach (locative plural)
mnichoch (locative plural)
mnichu (singular vocative)
mniszy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mich

→ Old Lithuanian: minỹkas, minỹchas

Lithuanian: (dialectal) minỹkas

Inherited from Old Polish mnich. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Mönch.


koło

kółko (diminutive)
koło (nominative singular)
koła (nominative plural)
koła (genitive singular)
kół (genitive plural)
kołu (dative singular)
kołom (dative plural)
koło (accusative singular)
koła (accusative plural)
kołem (instrumental singular)
kołami (instrumental plural)
kole (locative singular)
kołach (locative plural)
koło (singular vocative)
koła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koło. Doublet of kolo. Related to English cycle and wheel.


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Bulgarian: карта (karta)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


sekundant

pl-noun

sekundant m pers (female equivalent sekndantka)

sekndantka (feminine)
sekundant (nominative singular)
sekundanci (nominative plural)
sekundanty (derogatory nominative plural)
sekundanta (genitive singular)
sekundantów (genitive plural)
sekundantowi (dative singular)
sekundantom (dative plural)
sekundanta (accusative singular)
sekundantów (accusative plural)
sekundantem (instrumental singular)
sekundantami (instrumental plural)
sekundancie (locative singular)
sekundantach (locative plural)
sekundancie (singular vocative)
sekundanci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Sekundant. By surface analysis, sekundować + -ant.

(chess) second (assistant hired to help a player in preparation for and during a major match or tournament)


polonez

polonezik (diminutive)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)
polonez (nominative singular)
polonezy (nominative plural)
poloneza (genitive singular)
polonezów (genitive plural)
polonezowi (dative singular)
polonezom (dative plural)
polonez (accusative singular)
poloneza (accusative singular)
polonezy (accusative plural)
polonezem (instrumental singular)
polonezami (instrumental plural)
polonezie (locative singular)
polonezach (locative plural)
polonezie (singular vocative)
polonezy (plural vocative)


metr

metr (nominative singular)
metrowie (nominative plural)
metra (genitive singular)
metrów (genitive plural)
metrowi (dative singular)
metrom (dative plural)
metra (accusative singular)
metrów (accusative plural)
metrem (instrumental singular)
metrami (instrumental plural)
metrze (locative singular)
metrach (locative plural)
metrze (singular vocative)
metrowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French maître. First attested in 1752. Doublet of magister, maestro, majster, and mistrz.

ref

Ewa Rodek (24.02.2021) “METR”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

dbt

(education, now historical) teacher of dance, or sometimes music or language


lala

lala (nominative singular)
lale (nominative plural)
lali (genitive singular)
lal (genitive plural)
lali (dative singular)
lalom (dative plural)
lalę (accusative singular)
lale (accusative plural)
lalą (instrumental singular)
lalami (instrumental plural)
lali (locative singular)
lalach (locative plural)
lalo (singular vocative)
lalu (singular vocative)
lale (plural vocative)

(childish) puppet (any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove)

(colloquial, derogatory) Barbie, bimbo (physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence)


król

król (nominative singular)
króle (nominative plural)
króla (genitive singular)
króli (genitive plural)
królowi (dative singular)
królom (dative plural)
króla (accusative singular)
króle (accusative plural)
królem (instrumental singular)
królami (instrumental plural)
królu (locative singular)
królach (locative plural)
królu (singular vocative)
króle (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish król. Sense 2, sense 3, and sense 4 and are an internationalism semantic loan; compare English king, French roi and German König. Doublet of Karol.

(chess) king (principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate)

król karo

król kier

król pik

król trefl

(card games) king (playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit)

(bowling) king (central pin or skittle in bowling games)

(obsolete, card games) a type of card game

(obsolete, children's games) a type of children's ball game.


goniec

goniec (nominative singular)
gońce (nominative plural)
gońca (genitive singular)
gońców (genitive plural)
gońcowi (dative singular)
gońcom (dative plural)
gońca (accusative singular)
gońce (accusative plural)
gońcem (instrumental singular)
gońcami (instrumental plural)
gońcu (locative singular)
gońcach (locative plural)
gońcu (singular vocative)
gońce (plural vocative)


skoczek

skoczek (nominative singular)
skoczki (nominative plural)
skoczka (genitive singular)
skoczków (genitive plural)
skoczkowi (dative singular)
skoczkom (dative plural)
skoczka (accusative singular)
skoczki (accusative plural)
skoczkiem (instrumental singular)
skoczkami (instrumental plural)
skoczku (locative singular)
skoczkach (locative plural)
skoczku (singular vocative)
skoczki (plural vocative)

any grasshopper belonging to the genus Omocestus

any insect belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha


skoczek

pl-noun

skoczek m pers (female equivalent skoczkini)

skoczkini (feminine)
skoczek (nominative singular)
skoczkowie (nominative plural)
skoczki (derogatory nominative plural)
skoczka (genitive singular)
skoczków (genitive plural)
skoczkowi (dative singular)
skoczkom (dative plural)
skoczka (accusative singular)
skoczków (accusative plural)
skoczkiem (instrumental singular)
skoczkami (instrumental plural)
skoczku (locative singular)
skoczkach (locative plural)
skoczku (singular vocative)
skoczkowie (plural vocative)

(sports) a jumper; an athlete specializing in jumping

job-hopper (someone who frequently changes jobs)


talia

talia (nominative singular)
talie (nominative plural)
talii (genitive singular)
talii (genitive plural)
talij (archaic genitive plural)
talii (dative singular)
taliom (dative plural)
talię (accusative singular)
talie (accusative plural)
talią (instrumental singular)
taliami (instrumental plural)
talii (locative singular)
taliach (locative plural)
talio (singular vocative)
talie (plural vocative)

(card games) deck (pack of playing cards)


dziadek

dziadek m pers (diminutive dziadziuś, augmentative dziad)

dziadziuś (diminutive)
dziad (augmentative)
dziadek (nominative singular)
dziadkowie (nominative plural)
dziadki (derogatory nominative plural)
dziadka (genitive singular)
dziadków (genitive plural)
dziadkowi (dative singular)
dziadkom (dative plural)
dziadka (accusative singular)
dziadków (accusative plural)
dziadkiem (instrumental singular)
dziadkami (instrumental plural)
dziadku (locative singular)
dziadkach (locative plural)
dziadku (singular vocative)
dziadkowie (plural vocative)

gdyby babcia miała wąsy, toby była dziadkiem

(card games, chiefly bridge) dummy (player whose hand is shown and is to be played from by another player)


twerk

twerk (nominative singular)
twerku (genitive singular)
twerkowi (dative singular)
twerk (accusative singular)
twerkiem (instrumental singular)
twerku (locative singular)
twerku (singular vocative)

twerk (dance involving sexual movements of the hips and buttocks)


parkiet

parkiecik (diminutive)
parkiet (nominative singular)
parkiety (nominative plural)
parkietu (genitive singular)
parkietów (genitive plural)
parkietowi (dative singular)
parkietom (dative plural)
parkiet (accusative singular)
parkiety (accusative plural)
parkietem (instrumental singular)
parkietami (instrumental plural)
parkiecie (locative singular)
parkietach (locative plural)
parkiecie (singular vocative)
parkiety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parquet. For sense 2, compare Finnish parketti.


balon

balon m inan (diminutive balonik or balonek)

balonik (diminutive)
balonek (diminutive)
balon (nominative singular)
balony (nominative plural)
balonu (genitive singular)
balonów (genitive plural)
balonowi (dative singular)
balonom (dative plural)
balon (accusative singular)
balony (accusative plural)
balonem (instrumental singular)
balonami (instrumental plural)
balonie (locative singular)
balonach (locative plural)
balonie (singular vocative)
balony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ballon, from Middle French ballon, from northern Italian balone, ballone.

(aviation) balloon (inflatable and buoyant object)


Nintendo

Nintendo (Japanese multinational company that develops, publishes, and releases both video games and video game consoles)


strategia

strategia (nominative singular)
strategie (nominative plural)
strategii (genitive singular)
strategii (genitive plural)
strategij (archaic genitive plural)
strategii (dative singular)
strategiom (dative plural)
strategię (accusative singular)
strategie (accusative plural)
strategią (instrumental singular)
strategiami (instrumental plural)
strategii (locative singular)
strategiach (locative plural)
strategio (singular vocative)
strategie (plural vocative)


ojciec

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

ojczulek (diminutive)
ojczysko (augmentative)
o. (abbreviation)
oo. (abbreviation)
ojciec (nominative singular)
ojcowie (nominative plural)
ojce (derogatory nominative plural)
ojca (genitive singular)
ojców (genitive plural)
ojcu (dative singular)
ojcom (dative plural)
ojca (accusative singular)
ojców (accusative plural)
ojcem (instrumental singular)
ojcami (instrumental plural)
ojcu (locative singular)
ojcach (locative plural)
ojcze (singular vocative)
ojcowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą


menuet

menuecik (diminutive)
menuet (nominative singular)
menuety (nominative plural)
menueta (genitive singular)
menuetów (genitive plural)
menuetowi (dative singular)
menuetom (dative plural)
menueta (accusative singular)
menuety (accusative plural)
menuetem (instrumental singular)
menuetami (instrumental plural)
menuecie (locative singular)
menuetach (locative plural)
menuecie (singular vocative)
menuety (plural vocative)

minuet (slow graceful dance consisting of a coupé, a high step, and a balance)

(music) minuet (music accompanying the dance)


pionek

pionek (nominative singular)
pionki (nominative plural)
pionka (genitive singular)
pionków (genitive plural)
pionkowi (dative singular)
pionkom (dative plural)
pionek (accusative singular)
pionki (accusative plural)
pionkiem (instrumental singular)
pionkami (instrumental plural)
pionku (locative singular)
pionkach (locative plural)
pionku (singular vocative)
pionki (plural vocative)


zakład

zakładzik (diminutive)
zakład (nominative singular)
zakłady (nominative plural)
zakładu (genitive singular)
zakładów (genitive plural)
zakładowi (dative singular)
zakładom (dative plural)
zakład (accusative singular)
zakłady (accusative plural)
zakładem (instrumental singular)
zakładami (instrumental plural)
zakładzie (locative singular)
zakładach (locative plural)
zakładzie (singular vocative)
zakłady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zakład. By surface analysis, deverbal from zakładać. Compare Kashubian zakłôd and Slovincian zaklod.

surf

+obj

bet, wager (agreement between two parties that a stake will be paid by the loser to the winner) [with o (+ accusative) ‘for what’ and z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]


królowa

królowa (nominative singular)
królowe (nominative plural)
królowej (genitive singular)
królowych (genitive plural)
królowej (dative singular)
królowym (dative plural)
królową (accusative singular)
królowe (accusative plural)
królową (instrumental singular)
królowymi (instrumental plural)
królowej (locative singular)
królowych (locative plural)
królowo (singular vocative)
królowe (plural vocative)


bateria

pl-noun

bateria f (related adjective bateriowy or bateryjny)

bateriowy (adjective)
bateryjny (adjective)
bateria (nominative singular)
baterie (nominative plural)
baterii (genitive singular)
baterii (genitive plural)
bateryj (archaic genitive plural)
baterii (dative singular)
bateriom (dative plural)
baterię (accusative singular)
baterie (accusative plural)
baterią (instrumental singular)
bateriami (instrumental plural)
baterii (locative singular)
bateriach (locative plural)
baterio (singular vocative)
baterie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: bateriô

Borrowed from French batterie. Compare Slovincian batrëja.

(chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
konika (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konika (accusative singular)
koniki (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

sea horse (fish of the genus Hippocampus)


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
koniku (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konik (accusative singular)
koniki (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

Lubiłem śpiewać, umiałem śpiewać, umiałem tańczyć, a Teatr na Targówku to był teatr muzyczny i w sumie to bardzo mi odpowiadało. Miał ambicje wystawiania musicali, a to był mój konik.

2011, Artur Barciś, Marzanna Graff, Rozmowy bez retuszu, Wydawnictwo M, →ISBN, page 72:

I liked to sing, I knew how to sing, I knew how to dance, and the Targówek Theater was a musical theater, and all in all, I was very happy with it. He had ambitions to put on musicals, and it was my specialty.

Czerwiński nigdy nie miał żadnych rezerw finansowych. Wszystkie nadwyżki inwestował tylko i wyłącznie w rozwój nowych produktów. Badania naukowe to był jego konik, na nie wydawał wszystkie pieniądze.

2012, Rafał Szczepanik, 7 śmiertelnych błędów szefa. Wydanie III rozszerzone, →ISBN:

Czerwiński never had any financial reserves. He invested anything extra exclusive in the development of new products. Scientific research was his passion, he spent all of his money on it.

Tego Leppieja?! – Kremser podniósł głos. – Tego samego, ministra rolnictwa. Pamiętasz aferę gruntową, która wysadziła go z siodła? – Polityka to nie mój konik, ale o tej sprawie to chyba wszyscy słyszeli – mówił już ciszej.

2014, Krzysztof Koziołek, Bóg nie weźmie w tym udziału, Manufaktura Tekstów, →ISBN, page 126:

"That Leppiej?!" Kremser raised his voice. "The very same, the minister of agriculture. Do you remember the territorial dispute that kicked him out?" "Politics is not my thing, but I think everyone has already heard about this," he said more quitely.

(colloquial) hobby horse; hobby, passion (activity to which one devotes a lot of time and resources and can talk much about)


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
konika (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konika (accusative singular)
koników (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) scalper, ticket tout (person that sells tickets unofficially just before the event, often at inflated prices)


odpowiedź

odpowiedź f (related adjective odpowiedziowy)

odpowiedziowy (adjective)
odpowiedź (nominative singular)
odpowiedzi (nominative plural)
odpowiedzi (genitive singular)
odpowiedzi (genitive plural)
odpowiedzi (dative singular)
odpowiedziom (dative plural)
odpowiedź (accusative singular)
odpowiedzi (accusative plural)
odpowiedzią (instrumental singular)
odpowiedziami (instrumental plural)
odpowiedzi (locative singular)
odpowiedziach (locative plural)
odpowiedzi (singular vocative)
odpowiedzi (plural vocative)

Russian: о́тповедь (ótpovedʹ)

Inherited from Old Polish odpowiedź. By surface analysis, deverbal from odpowiedzieć. Compare Kashubian òdpòwiédz, Czech odpověď.

surf

+obj

(board games, card games, chess, games, sports) response (move done in reponse to another player) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (move)’]


prowadzić

pl-verb

prowadzić impf (frequentative prowadzać)

prowadzać (frequentative)
prowadzić (infinitive)
prowadzę (present singular)
prowadzimy (plural present)
prowadzisz (present singular)
prowadzicie (plural present)
prowadzi (present singular third-person)
prowadzą (plural present third-person)
prowadzi się (impersonal present)
prowadziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadził (masculine past singular)
prowadziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziła (feminine past singular)
prowadziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś prowadziło (neuter past singular)
prowadziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście prowadzili (past plural virile)
prowadziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście prowadziły (nonvirile past plural)
prowadził (masculine past singular third-person)
prowadziła (feminine past singular third-person)
prowadziło (neuter past singular third-person)
prowadzili (past plural third-person virile)
prowadziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
prowadzono (impersonal past)
będę prowadził (future masculine singular)
będę prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będę prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będę prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będę prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będę prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziemy prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz prowadził (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz prowadziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz prowadziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz prowadzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie prowadzili (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadzić (future plural virile)
będziecie prowadziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie prowadzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie prowadził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie prowadziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie prowadziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie prowadzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą prowadzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą prowadziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą prowadzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie prowadzić się (future impersonal)
prowadziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś prowadził (conditional masculine singular)
prowadziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś prowadziła (conditional feminine singular)
prowadziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś prowadziło (conditional neuter singular)
prowadzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście prowadzili (conditional plural virile)
prowadziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
prowadziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by prowadził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
prowadziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by prowadziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
prowadziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by prowadziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
prowadziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by prowadzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
prowadziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by prowadziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
prowadzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech prowadzę (imperative singular)
prowadźmy (imperative plural)
prowadź (imperative singular)
prowadźcie (imperative plural)
niech prowadzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech prowadzą (imperative plural third-person)
prowadzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
prowadząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
prowadzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
prowadzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
prowadzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
prowadzony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
prowadzona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
prowadzone (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
prowadzeni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
prowadzone (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
prowadząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
prowadzenie (noun-from-verb)

→ Kashubian: prowadzëc

→ Slovincian: prôwadzëc

(transitive, dance) to lead (to guide or conduct a dance with a partner) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what dance’]


wychodzić

wyjść (perfective)
wychodzić (infinitive)
wychodzę (present singular)
wychodzimy (plural present)
wychodzisz (present singular)
wychodzicie (plural present)
wychodzi (present singular third-person)
wychodzą (plural present third-person)
wychodzi się (impersonal present)
wychodziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m wychodził (masculine past singular)
wychodziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m wychodziła (feminine past singular)
wychodziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m wychodziło (neuter past singular)
wychodziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy wychodzili (past plural virile)
wychodziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy wychodziły (nonvirile past plural)
wychodziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś wychodził (masculine past singular)
wychodziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś wychodziła (feminine past singular)
wychodziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś wychodziło (neuter past singular)
wychodziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście wychodzili (past plural virile)
wychodziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście wychodziły (nonvirile past plural)
wychodził (masculine past singular third-person)
wychodziła (feminine past singular third-person)
wychodziło (neuter past singular third-person)
wychodzili (past plural third-person virile)
wychodziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
wychodzono (impersonal past)
będę wychodził (future masculine singular)
będę wychodzić (future masculine singular)
będę wychodziła (feminine future singular)
będę wychodzić (feminine future singular)
będę wychodziło (future neuter singular)
będę wychodzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy wychodzili (future plural virile)
będziemy wychodzić (future plural virile)
będziemy wychodziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy wychodzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz wychodził (future masculine singular)
będziesz wychodzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz wychodziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz wychodzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz wychodziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz wychodzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie wychodzili (future plural virile)
będziecie wychodzić (future plural virile)
będziecie wychodziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie wychodzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie wychodził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie wychodziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie wychodziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą wychodzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą wychodzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą wychodziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą wychodzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie wychodzić się (future impersonal)
wychodziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym wychodził (conditional masculine singular)
wychodziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym wychodziła (conditional feminine singular)
wychodziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym wychodziło (conditional neuter singular)
wychodzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy wychodzili (conditional plural virile)
wychodziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
wychodziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś wychodził (conditional masculine singular)
wychodziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś wychodziła (conditional feminine singular)
wychodziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś wychodziło (conditional neuter singular)
wychodzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście wychodzili (conditional plural virile)
wychodziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
wychodziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by wychodził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
wychodziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by wychodziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
wychodziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by wychodziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
wychodziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by wychodzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
wychodziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
wychodzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech wychodzę (imperative singular)
wychodźmy (imperative plural)
wychodź (imperative singular)
wychodźcie (imperative plural)
niech wychodzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech wychodzą (imperative plural third-person)
wychodzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
wychodząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
wychodzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
wychodzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
wychodzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
wychodząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
wychodzenie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish wychodzić. By surface analysis, wy- + chodzić.

(intransitive, colloquial, card games) to end up (to find oneself in a particular situation) [with na (+ locative) ‘what situation’]


wyjście

wyjście (nominative singular)
wyjścia (nominative plural)
wyjścia (genitive singular)
wyjść (genitive plural)
wyjściu (dative singular)
wyjściom (dative plural)
wyjście (accusative singular)
wyjścia (accusative plural)
wyjściem (instrumental singular)
wyjściami (instrumental plural)
wyjściu (locative singular)
wyjściach (locative plural)
wyjście (singular vocative)
wyjścia (plural vocative)

/ˈvɘ.jɕt͡ɕɛ/

Inherited from Old Polish wyszcie, wyście. By surface analysis, wyjść + -ie.


punkt

pl-noun

punkt m inan (diminutive punkcik, abbreviation p. or pkt)

punkcik (diminutive)
p. (abbreviation)
pkt (abbreviation)
punkt (nominative singular)
punkty (nominative plural)
punktu (genitive singular)
punktów (genitive plural)
punktowi (dative singular)
punktom (dative plural)
punkt (accusative singular)
punkty (accusative plural)
punktem (instrumental singular)
punktami (instrumental plural)
punkcie (locative singular)
punktach (locative plural)
punkcie (singular vocative)
punkty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pūnctum. First attested in 1566. Doublet of puenta.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “punkt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “punkt I”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

punkt widzenia zależy od punktu siedzenia

(board games, sports, video games) point (unit of scoring in a game or competition)

(obsolete, billiards) hole on a billiards table


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

inh+

die (polyhedron used in games of chance)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


laufer

laufer (nominative singular)
laufry (nominative plural)
laufra (genitive singular)
laufrów (genitive plural)
laufrowi (dative singular)
laufrom (dative plural)
laufra (accusative singular)
laufry (accusative plural)
laufrem (instrumental singular)
lauframi (instrumental plural)
laufrze (locative singular)
laufrach (locative plural)
laufrze (singular vocative)
laufry (plural vocative)


galop

galop (nominative singular)
galopy (nominative plural)
galopa (genitive singular)
galopów (genitive plural)
galopowi (dative singular)
galopom (dative plural)
galopa (accusative singular)
galopy (accusative plural)
galopem (instrumental singular)
galopami (instrumental plural)
galopie (locative singular)
galopach (locative plural)
galopie (singular vocative)
galopy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Galopp, from French galop.

(historical) galop (lively French country dance of the nineteenth century)


kanasta

kanasta (nominative singular)
kanasty (nominative plural)
kanasty (genitive singular)
kanast (genitive plural)
kanaście (dative singular)
kanastom (dative plural)
kanastę (accusative singular)
kanasty (accusative plural)
kanastą (instrumental singular)
kanastami (instrumental plural)
kanaście (locative singular)
kanastach (locative plural)
kanasto (singular vocative)
kanasty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish canasta, from Latin cānistrum, from Ancient Greek κάναστρον (kánastron, “basket of reeds”).


rząd

pl-noun

rząd m inan (diminutive rządek, related adjective rzędowy)

rządek (diminutive)
rzędowy (adjective)
rząd (nominative singular)
rzędy (nominative plural)
rzędu (genitive singular)
rzędów (genitive plural)
rzędowi (dative singular)
rzędom (dative plural)
rząd (accusative singular)
rzędy (accusative plural)
rzędem (instrumental singular)
rzędami (instrumental plural)
rzędzie (locative singular)
rzędach (locative plural)
rzędzie (singular vocative)
rzędy (plural vocative)


zabijać

zabić (perfective)
zabijać (infinitive)
zabijam (present singular)
zabijamy (plural present)
zabijasz (present singular)
zabijacie (plural present)
zabija (present singular third-person)
zabijają (plural present third-person)
zabija się (impersonal present)
zabijałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m zabijał (masculine past singular)
zabijałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m zabijała (feminine past singular)
zabijałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m zabijało (neuter past singular)
zabijaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy zabijali (past plural virile)
zabijałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy zabijały (nonvirile past plural)
zabijałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś zabijał (masculine past singular)
zabijałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś zabijała (feminine past singular)
zabijałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś zabijało (neuter past singular)
zabijaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście zabijali (past plural virile)
zabijałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście zabijały (nonvirile past plural)
zabijał (masculine past singular third-person)
zabijała (feminine past singular third-person)
zabijało (neuter past singular third-person)
zabijali (past plural third-person virile)
zabijały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
zabijano (impersonal past)
będę zabijał (future masculine singular)
będę zabijać (future masculine singular)
będę zabijała (feminine future singular)
będę zabijać (feminine future singular)
będę zabijało (future neuter singular)
będę zabijać (future neuter singular)
będziemy zabijali (future plural virile)
będziemy zabijać (future plural virile)
będziemy zabijały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy zabijać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz zabijał (future masculine singular)
będziesz zabijać (future masculine singular)
będziesz zabijała (feminine future singular)
będziesz zabijać (feminine future singular)
będziesz zabijało (future neuter singular)
będziesz zabijać (future neuter singular)
będziecie zabijali (future plural virile)
będziecie zabijać (future plural virile)
będziecie zabijały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie zabijać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie zabijał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie zabijała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie zabijało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą zabijali (future plural third-person virile)
będą zabijać (future plural third-person virile)
będą zabijały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą zabijać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie zabijać się (future impersonal)
zabijałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym zabijał (conditional masculine singular)
zabijałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym zabijała (conditional feminine singular)
zabijałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym zabijało (conditional neuter singular)
zabijalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy zabijali (conditional plural virile)
zabijałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zabijałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś zabijał (conditional masculine singular)
zabijałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś zabijała (conditional feminine singular)
zabijałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś zabijało (conditional neuter singular)
zabijalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście zabijali (conditional plural virile)
zabijałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zabijałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by zabijał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
zabijałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by zabijała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
zabijałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by zabijało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
zabijaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by zabijali (conditional plural third-person virile)
zabijałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
zabijano by (conditional impersonal)
niech zabijam (imperative singular)
zabijajmy (imperative plural)
zabijaj (imperative singular)
zabijajcie (imperative plural)
niech zabija (imperative singular third-person)
niech zabijają (imperative plural third-person)
zabijający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
zabijająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
zabijające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
zabijający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
zabijające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
zabijając (adjectival contemporary participle)
zabijanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish zabijać, from Proto-Slavic *zabijati. By surface analysis, zabić + -ać.

(transitive, games) to take (e.g. a piece)


szachy

szachy (nominative plural)
szachów (genitive plural)
szachom (dative plural)
szachy (accusative plural)
szachami (instrumental plural)
szachach (locative plural)
szachy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ша́хы (šáxy) (dated)

→ Ukrainian: ша́хи (šáxy)

Nie mogę znaleźć moich szachów


akcja

akcyjny (adjective)
akcja (nominative singular)
akcje (nominative plural)
akcji (genitive singular)
akcji (genitive plural)
akcyj (archaic genitive plural)
akcji (dative singular)
akcjom (dative plural)
akcję (accusative singular)
akcje (accusative plural)
akcją (instrumental singular)
akcjami (instrumental plural)
akcji (locative singular)
akcjach (locative plural)
akcjo (singular vocative)
akcje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akcjô

Learned borrowing from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”). Sense 1 and sense 6 are semantic loans from German Aktion or French action. First attested in 1553.

sl

akcja sceniczna

akcja dramatyczna

gra akcji

akcja sztuki

film akcji

akcja filmu

(film, literature, theater, video games) action (fast-paced activity especially in literature, play acting, or film)


kolej

kolejowy (adjective)
kolej (nominative singular)
koleje (nominative plural)
kolei (genitive singular)
kolei (genitive plural)
kolei (dative singular)
kolejom (dative plural)
kolej (accusative singular)
koleje (accusative plural)
koleją (instrumental singular)
kolejami (instrumental plural)
kolei (locative singular)
kolejach (locative plural)
kolei (singular vocative)
koleje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koleja, with an unexpected loss of -a.

Polskie Koleje Państwowe

(countable) rail, railway (enterprise dealing with rail transportation)

(countable) train (vehicle that moves on rails)

(countable, obsolete) rut (furrow, groove, or track worn in the ground)

(countable, obsolete) hairdo (particular way in which one places their hair)


kier

kier (nominative singular)
kiery (nominative plural)
kiera (genitive singular)
kierów (genitive plural)
kier (genitive plural)
kierowi (dative singular)
kierom (dative plural)
kier (accusative singular)
kiera (accusative singular)
kiery (accusative plural)
kierem (instrumental singular)
kierami (instrumental plural)
kierze (locative singular)
kierach (locative plural)
kierze (singular vocative)
kiery (plural vocative)