quiz

quiz (nominative singular)
quizy (nominative plural)
quizu (genitive singular)
quizów (genitive plural)
quizowi (dative singular)
quizom (dative plural)
quiz (accusative singular)
quizy (accusative plural)
quizem (instrumental singular)
quizami (instrumental plural)
quizie (locative singular)
quizach (locative plural)
quizie (singular vocative)
quizy (plural vocative)

quiz (competition in the answering of questions)


bank

bank (nominative singular)
banki (nominative plural)
banku (genitive singular)
banków (genitive plural)
bankowi (dative singular)
bankom (dative plural)
bank (accusative singular)
banki (accusative plural)
bankiem (instrumental singular)
bankami (instrumental plural)
banku (locative singular)
bankach (locative plural)
banku (singular vocative)
banki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English bank, French banque, German Bank, ultimately from Lombardic bank.

trzymać bank

(gambling, card games) bank (a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw)


boss

boss (nominative singular)
bossowie (nominative plural)
bossa (genitive singular)
bossów (genitive plural)
bossowi (dative singular)
bossom (dative plural)
bossa (accusative singular)
bossów (accusative plural)
bossem (instrumental singular)
bossami (instrumental plural)
bossie (locative singular)
bossach (locative plural)
bossie (singular vocative)
bossowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English boss, from Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes, from Old Dutch *baso, from Proto-Germanic *baswô.

(video games) boss (enemy in a video game)


wieża

wieżyczka (diminutive)
wieża (nominative singular)
wieże (nominative plural)
wieży (genitive singular)
wież (genitive plural)
wieży (dative singular)
wieżom (dative plural)
wieżę (accusative singular)
wieże (accusative plural)
wieżą (instrumental singular)
wieżami (instrumental plural)
wieży (locative singular)
wieżach (locative plural)
wieżo (singular vocative)
wieże (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wieża, from Proto-Slavic *věža.


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, games) captain (most important player or team manager)

(uncountable, obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


as

asik (diminutive)
as (nominative singular)
asy (nominative plural)
asa (genitive singular)
asów (genitive plural)
asowi (dative singular)
asom (dative plural)
asa (accusative singular)
asy (accusative plural)
asem (instrumental singular)
asami (instrumental plural)
asie (locative singular)
asach (locative plural)
asie (singular vocative)
asy (plural vocative)


chat

chatowy (adjective)
chat (nominative singular)
chaty (nominative plural)
chatu (genitive singular)
chatów (genitive plural)
chatowi (dative singular)
chatom (dative plural)
chat (accusative singular)
chaty (accusative plural)
chatem (instrumental singular)
chatami (instrumental plural)
chacie (locative singular)
chatach (locative plural)
chacie (singular vocative)
chaty (plural vocative)


pula

pula (nominative singular)
pule (nominative plural)
puli (genitive singular)
pul (genitive plural)
puli (genitive plural)
puli (dative singular)
pulom (dative plural)
pulę (accusative singular)
pule (accusative plural)
pulą (instrumental singular)
pulami (instrumental plural)
puli (locative singular)
pulach (locative plural)
pulo (singular vocative)
pule (plural vocative)

(card games) pool, stakes, the pot (money available to be won)


fit

fit (nominative singular)
fity (nominative plural)
fita (genitive singular)
fitu (genitive singular)
fitów (genitive plural)
fitowi (dative singular)
fitom (dative plural)
fit (accusative singular)
fity (accusative plural)
fitem (instrumental singular)
fitami (instrumental plural)
ficie (locative singular)
fitach (locative plural)
ficie (singular vocative)
fity (plural vocative)


set

set (nominative singular)
seta (genitive singular)
setowi (dative singular)
seta (accusative singular)
setem (instrumental singular)
secie (locative singular)
secie (singular vocative)

(card games) Set (real-time card game designed by Marsha Falco in 1974 and published by Set Enterprises in 1991)


mana

mana (nominative singular)
many (genitive singular)
manie (dative singular)
manę (accusative singular)
maną (instrumental singular)
manie (locative singular)
mano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Maori mana, from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.

(fantasy roleplaying games) mana (magical power)


menu

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


full

pl-adj

full (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of ful


full

full (nominative singular)
fulle (nominative plural)
fullu (genitive singular)
fulli (genitive plural)
fullowi (dative singular)
fullom (dative plural)
full (accusative singular)
fulle (accusative plural)
fullem (instrumental singular)
fullami (instrumental plural)
fullu (locative singular)
fullach (locative plural)
fullu (singular vocative)
fulle (plural vocative)


pik

Borrowed from French pique. Doublet of pika.

(card games) spades (card game in which the spade suit cards are trumps)

(card games) spade (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♠)


pik

(card games, postpositive, relational) spades (card game in which the spade suit cards are trumps)


papier

pl-noun

papier m inan (diminutive papierek, augmentative papierzysko, related adjective papierowy)

papierek (diminutive)
papierzysko (augmentative)
papierowy (adjective)
papier (nominative singular)
papiery (nominative plural)
papieru (genitive singular)
papierów (genitive plural)
papierowi (dative singular)
papierom (dative plural)
papier (accusative singular)
papiery (accusative plural)
papierem (instrumental singular)
papierami (instrumental plural)
papierze (locative singular)
papierach (locative plural)
papierze (singular vocative)
papiery (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: папе́ра (papjéra)

→ Kashubian: papiór

→ Lithuanian: popierius

→ Latvian: papīrs

Borrowed from Middle High German papier. First attested in 1528. Compare Silesian papiōr.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “papier”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

paper (open hand in the game of rock paper scissors)


pat

pacik (diminutive)
pat (nominative singular)
paty (nominative plural)
pata (genitive singular)
patów (genitive plural)
patowi (dative singular)
patom (dative plural)
pata (accusative singular)
paty (accusative plural)
patem (instrumental singular)
patami (instrumental plural)
pacie (locative singular)
patach (locative plural)
pacie (singular vocative)
paty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pat, from Italian patta, probably from Latin pacta, plural of pactum.


spam

spam (nominative singular)
spamu (genitive singular)
spamowi (dative singular)
spam (accusative singular)
spamem (instrumental singular)
spamie (locative singular)
spamie (singular vocative)

(computing, Internet) spam (unsolicited bulk electronic messages)


lewa

lewa (nominative singular)
lewy (nominative plural)
lewy (genitive singular)
lew (genitive plural)
lewie (dative singular)
lewom (dative plural)
lewę (accusative singular)
lewy (accusative plural)
lewą (instrumental singular)
lewami (instrumental plural)
lewie (locative singular)
lewach (locative plural)
lewo (singular vocative)
lewy (plural vocative)


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(obsolete, university slang, games) leather ball


los

losowy (adjective)
los (nominative singular)
losy (nominative plural)
losu (genitive singular)
losów (genitive plural)
losowi (dative singular)
losom (dative plural)
los (accusative singular)
losy (accusative plural)
losem (instrumental singular)
losami (instrumental plural)
losie (locative singular)
losach (locative plural)
losie (singular vocative)
losy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: лёс (ljos)

Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.

(countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)


pole

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(Middle Polish, chess) field (area on a chessboard)


RPG

Orthographic borrowing from English RPG.

roleplaying game, RPG (type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master))

roleplaying game, RPG (type of computer game where the player takes the role of a character or party, normally lacking tests of physical skill and including more story-telling and narrative aspects than traditional action games)


snooker

snooker (nominative singular)
snookera (genitive singular)
snookerowi (dative singular)
snooker (accusative singular)
snookerem (instrumental singular)
snookerze (locative singular)
snookerze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English snooker.


poker

poker (nominative singular)
pokera (genitive singular)
pokerowi (dative singular)
poker (accusative singular)
pokerem (instrumental singular)
pokerze (locative singular)
pokerze (singular vocative)

poker królewski


abandonware

abandonware (nominative singular)
abandonware'u (genitive singular)
abandonware'owi (dative singular)
abandonware (accusative singular)
abandonware'em (instrumental singular)
abandonwarze (locative singular)
abandonwarze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English abandonware. First attested in 2000.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

[…], a które to cechy ewentualnie umożliwiałyby kwalifikację danego programu komputerowego do kategorii abandonware.

2019, Łukasz Koźbiał, “ABANDONWARE W ŚWIETLE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO – UWAGI OGÓLNE”, in Małgorzata Babula, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

[…], which traits could potentially allow for the possibility to qualify the given program as abandonware.

(software) abandonware (software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it)


joker

joker (nominative singular)
jokery (nominative plural)
jokera (genitive singular)
jokerów (genitive plural)
jokerowi (dative singular)
jokerom (dative plural)
jokera (accusative singular)
jokery (accusative plural)
jokerem (instrumental singular)
jokerami (instrumental plural)
jokerze (locative singular)
jokerach (locative plural)
jokerze (singular vocative)
jokery (plural vocative)

(card games) Alternative spelling of dżoker


pad

pad (nominative singular)
pady (nominative plural)
padu (genitive singular)
padów (genitive plural)
padowi (dative singular)
padom (dative plural)
pad (accusative singular)
pady (accusative plural)
padem (instrumental singular)
padami (instrumental plural)
padzie (locative singular)
padach (locative plural)
padzie (singular vocative)
pady (plural vocative)


joystick

joystick (nominative singular)
joysticki (nominative plural)
joysticku (genitive singular)
joysticków (genitive plural)
joystickowi (dative singular)
joystickom (dative plural)
joystick (accusative singular)
joysticki (accusative plural)
joystickiem (instrumental singular)
joystickami (instrumental plural)
joysticku (locative singular)
joystickach (locative plural)
joysticku (singular vocative)
joysticki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joystick.


mat

mat (nominative singular)
maty (nominative plural)
mata (genitive singular)
matów (genitive plural)
matowi (dative singular)
matom (dative plural)
mata (accusative singular)
maty (accusative plural)
matem (instrumental singular)
matami (instrumental plural)
macie (locative singular)
matach (locative plural)
macie (singular vocative)
maty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَات (māt), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât).


oko

pl-noun

oko n (diminutive oczko, augmentative oczysko)

oczko (diminutive)
oczysko (augmentative)
oko (nominative singular)
oczy (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
oczu (genitive plural)
ócz (genitive plural)
oczów (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
oczom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oczy (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
oczami (instrumental plural)
oczyma (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
oczach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oczy (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(Middle Polish, games) point on a game die


oko

oko (nominative singular)
oka (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
ok (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
okom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oka (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
okami (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
okach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oka (plural vocative)


hazard

hazard (nominative singular)
hazardy (nominative plural)
hazardu (genitive singular)
hazardów (genitive plural)
hazardowi (dative singular)
hazardom (dative plural)
hazard (accusative singular)
hazardy (accusative plural)
hazardem (instrumental singular)
hazardami (instrumental plural)
hazardzie (locative singular)
hazardach (locative plural)
hazardzie (singular vocative)
hazardy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French hasard, from Old French hasart, from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).


gambit

gambit (nominative singular)
gambity (nominative plural)
gambitu (genitive singular)
gambitów (genitive plural)
gambitowi (dative singular)
gambitom (dative plural)
gambit (accusative singular)
gambity (accusative plural)
gambitem (instrumental singular)
gambitami (instrumental plural)
gambicie (locative singular)
gambitach (locative plural)
gambicie (singular vocative)
gambity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English gambit, from Italian gambetto, from gamba, from Late Latin gamba, from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ), from Proto-Indo-European *kamp-.


hetman

hetman (nominative singular)
hetmany (nominative plural)
hetmana (genitive singular)
hetmanów (genitive plural)
hetmanowi (dative singular)
hetmanom (dative plural)
hetmana (accusative singular)
hetmany (accusative plural)
hetmanem (instrumental singular)
hetmanami (instrumental plural)
hetmanie (locative singular)
hetmanach (locative plural)
hetmanie (singular vocative)
hetmany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman, from houbet, heupt. Compare German Hauptmann. The e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.


pion

pionek (diminutive)
pion (nominative singular)
piony (nominative plural)
piona (genitive singular)
pionów (genitive plural)
pionowi (dative singular)
pionom (dative plural)
pion (accusative singular)
piony (accusative plural)
pionem (instrumental singular)
pionami (instrumental plural)
pionie (locative singular)
pionach (locative plural)
pionie (singular vocative)
piony (plural vocative)


bluff

bluff (nominative singular)
bluffy (nominative plural)
bluffu (genitive singular)
bluffów (genitive plural)
bluffowi (dative singular)
bluffom (dative plural)
bluff (accusative singular)
bluffy (accusative plural)
bluffem (instrumental singular)
bluffami (instrumental plural)
bluffie (locative singular)
bluffach (locative plural)
bluffie (singular vocative)
bluffy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from French bluff, from English bluff.

(card games) Alternative spelling of blef


pas

pas (nominative singular)
pasy (nominative plural)
pasu (genitive singular)
pasów (genitive plural)
pasowi (dative singular)
pasom (dative plural)
pas (accusative singular)
pasy (accusative plural)
pasem (instrumental singular)
pasami (instrumental plural)
pasie (locative singular)
pasach (locative plural)
pasie (singular vocative)
pasy (plural vocative)


drab

drab (nominative singular)
draby (nominative plural)
draba (genitive singular)
drabów (genitive plural)
drabowi (dative singular)
drabom (dative plural)
draba (accusative singular)
draby (accusative plural)
drabem (instrumental singular)
drabami (instrumental plural)
drabie (locative singular)
drabach (locative plural)
drabie (singular vocative)
draby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech dráb, from Middle High German drabant, trabant. Doublet of drabant and trabant.


bingo

bingo! (used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task)


honor

honor (nominative singular)
honory (nominative plural)
honoru (genitive singular)
honorów (genitive plural)
honorowi (dative singular)
honorom (dative plural)
honor (accusative singular)
honory (accusative plural)
honorem (instrumental singular)
honorami (instrumental plural)
honorze (locative singular)
honorach (locative plural)
honorze (singular vocative)
honory (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: го́норъ (hónor)
Belarusian: го́нар (hónar)
Carpathian Rusyn: го́нор (hónor)
Ukrainian: го́нор (hónor); го́нір (hónir) (dialectal)
→ Middle Russian: го́норъ (gónor)
Russian: го́нор (gónor)

Inherited from Old Polish honor, from Latin honor.

(countable, bridge, card games) honor (in bridge: an ace, king, queen, jack, or ten, especially of the trump suit; in some other games: an ace, king, queen, or jack)


diabolo

Borrowed from French diabolo. Doublet of diabeł.

diabolo (juggling apparatus consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string attached to handsticks)

diabolo (activity of playing with diabolo)


blackjack

blackjack (nominative singular)
blackjacki (nominative plural)
blackjacka (genitive singular)
blackjacków (genitive plural)
blackjackowi (dative singular)
blackjackom (dative plural)
blackjacka (accusative singular)
blackjacki (accusative plural)
blackjackiem (instrumental singular)
blackjackami (instrumental plural)
blackjacku (locative singular)
blackjackach (locative plural)
blackjacku (singular vocative)
blackjacki (plural vocative)

/blɛɡˈd͡ʐɛk/

Unadapted borrowing from English blackjack.

ubor

(card games) blackjack (common gambling card game in casinos, where the object is to get as close to 21 without going over)


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete) die used in a particular children's game


black jack

black jack (nominative singular)
black jacki (nominative plural)
black jacka (genitive singular)
black jacków (genitive plural)
black jackowi (dative singular)
black jackom (dative plural)
black jacka (accusative singular)
black jacki (accusative plural)
black jackiem (instrumental singular)
black jackami (instrumental plural)
black jacku (locative singular)
black jackach (locative plural)
black jacku (singular vocative)
black jacki (plural vocative)

/blɛɡˈd͡ʐɛk/

(card games) Alternative spelling of blackjack


bowling

bowling (nominative singular)
bowlingu (genitive singular)
bowlingowi (dative singular)
bowling (accusative singular)
bowlingiem (instrumental singular)
bowlingu (locative singular)
bowlingu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English bowling.


sudoku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 数独 (sūdoku).


fianchetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian fianchetto.

(chess) fianchetto (development of a bishop by moving it one square to a long diagonal; specifically, a set of opening moves where a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent knight file)


koń

pl-noun

koń m animal (diminutive konik, augmentative konisko, related adjective koński)

konik (diminutive)
konisko (augmentative)
koński (adjective)
koń (nominative singular)
konie (nominative plural)
konia (genitive singular)
koni (genitive plural)
koniowi (dative singular)
koniom (dative plural)
konia (accusative singular)
konie (accusative plural)
koniem (instrumental singular)
końmi (instrumental plural)
koniu (locative singular)
koniach (locative plural)
koniu (singular vocative)
konie (plural vocative)

darowanemu koniowi nie patrzy się w zęby

(chess) knight (chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces)


tarot

tarot (nominative singular)
tarota (genitive singular)
tarotowi (dative singular)
tarot (accusative singular)
tarotem (instrumental singular)
tarocie (locative singular)
tarocie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French tarot, from Italian tarocco.


domino

dominowy (adjective)
domino (nominative singular)
domina (genitive singular)
dominu (dative singular)
domino (accusative singular)
dominem (instrumental singular)
dominie (locative singular)
domino (singular vocative)

(dominoes) dominoes (any of several games played by arranging domino tiles on a flat surface)


figura

figura (nominative singular)
figury (nominative plural)
figury (genitive singular)
figur (genitive plural)
figurze (dative singular)
figurom (dative plural)
figurę (accusative singular)
figury (accusative plural)
figurą (instrumental singular)
figurami (instrumental plural)
figurze (locative singular)
figurach (locative plural)
figuro (singular vocative)
figury (plural vocative)


soundtrack

soundtrack (nominative singular)
soundtracki (nominative plural)
soundtracku (genitive singular)
soundtracków (genitive plural)
soundtrackowi (dative singular)
soundtrackom (dative plural)
soundtrack (accusative singular)
soundtracki (accusative plural)
soundtrackiem (instrumental singular)
soundtrackami (instrumental plural)
soundtracku (locative singular)
soundtrackach (locative plural)
soundtracku (singular vocative)
soundtracki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soundtrack.

ubor

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (recording of such music for sale)


PlayStation

Unadapted borrowing from English PlayStation.

PlayStation (any of the home consoles in Sony's PlayStation product line, especially the original PlayStation)


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


dama

dama (nominative singular)
damy (nominative plural)
damy (genitive singular)
dam (genitive plural)
damie (dative singular)
damom (dative plural)
damę (accusative singular)
damy (accusative plural)
damą (instrumental singular)
damami (instrumental plural)
damie (locative singular)
damach (locative plural)
damo (singular vocative)
damy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French dame, Old French dame, from Late Latin domna, shortened variant of Latin domina. Doublet of domina.

dama karo

dama kier

dama pik

dama trefl


lotto

Borrowed from Italian lotto. Doublet of los. Compare Old Polish lot, lotować.

(colloquial) lotto (game of chance similar to bingo)


ful

ful (nominative singular)
fule (nominative plural)
fulu (genitive singular)
fuli (genitive plural)
fulowi (dative singular)
fulom (dative plural)
ful (accusative singular)
fule (accusative plural)
fulem (instrumental singular)
fulami (instrumental plural)
fulu (locative singular)
fulach (locative plural)
fulu (singular vocative)
fule (plural vocative)


headshot

headshot (nominative singular)
headshoty (nominative plural)
headshota (genitive singular)
headshotów (genitive plural)
headshotowi (dative singular)
headshotom (dative plural)
headshot (accusative singular)
headshoty (accusative plural)
headshotem (instrumental singular)
headshotami (instrumental plural)
headshocie (locative singular)
headshotach (locative plural)
headshocie (singular vocative)
headshoty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English headshot.

ubor

(video games) headshot (gunshot to the head)


bila

bila (nominative singular)
bile (nominative plural)
bili (genitive singular)
bil (genitive plural)
bili (dative singular)
bilom (dative plural)
bilę (accusative singular)
bile (accusative plural)
bilą (instrumental singular)
bilami (instrumental plural)
bili (locative singular)
bilach (locative plural)
bilo (singular vocative)
bile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French bille. First attested in 1837.

biała bila

czarna bila

kolorowa bila

bila uderza o coś/w coś

uderzyć (w) bilę


tuz

tuz (nominative singular)
tuzy (nominative plural)
tuza (genitive singular)
tuzów (genitive plural)
tuzowi (dative singular)
tuzom (dative plural)
tuza (accusative singular)
tuzy (accusative plural)
tuzem (instrumental singular)
tuzami (instrumental plural)
tuzie (locative singular)
tuzach (locative plural)
tuzie (singular vocative)
tuzy (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: туз (tuz)
→ Armenian: տուզ (tuz)
→ Estonian: tuus
→ Georgian: ტუზი (ṭuzi)
→ Mingrelian: ტუზი (ṭuzi, “ace”), ტუზუ (ṭuzu, “big-shot”)

→ Ukrainian: туз (tuz)

Borrowed from Middle High German tūs, dūs (“deuce”) (German Daus), from Old French dous (“two”).


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)


zugzwang

zugzwang (nominative singular)
zugzwangi (nominative plural)
zugzwangu (genitive singular)
zugzwangów (genitive plural)
zugzwangowi (dative singular)
zugzwangom (dative plural)
zugzwang (accusative singular)
zugzwangi (accusative plural)
zugzwangiem (instrumental singular)
zugzwangami (instrumental plural)
zugzwangu (locative singular)
zugzwangach (locative plural)
zugzwangu (singular vocative)
zugzwangi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Zugzwang.

ubor

(chess) zugzwang (situation in which a player is forced to make a disadvantageous move)


gra

gierka (diminutive)
gra (nominative singular)
gry (nominative plural)
gry (genitive singular)
gier (genitive plural)
grze (dative singular)
grom (dative plural)
grę (accusative singular)
gry (accusative plural)
grą (instrumental singular)
grami (instrumental plural)
grze (locative singular)
grach (locative plural)
gro (singular vocative)
gry (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish igra, from Proto-Slavic *jьgra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg-.


berek

berek (nominative singular)
berki (nominative plural)
berka (genitive singular)
berków (genitive plural)
berkowi (dative singular)
berkom (dative plural)
berka (accusative singular)
berki (accusative plural)
berkiem (instrumental singular)
berkami (instrumental plural)
berku (locative singular)
berkach (locative plural)
berku (singular vocative)
berki (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Some scholars claim it may be a form of a dialectal word berek which meant short, stocky, sturdy horse.

bawić się/grać w berka


kolor

kolorek (diminutive)
kolor (nominative singular)
kolory (nominative plural)
koloru (genitive singular)
kolorów (genitive plural)
kolorowi (dative singular)
kolorom (dative plural)
kolor (accusative singular)
kolory (accusative plural)
kolorem (instrumental singular)
kolorami (instrumental plural)
kolorze (locative singular)
kolorach (locative plural)
kolorze (singular vocative)
kolory (plural vocative)


deska

pl-noun

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish cka, deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska, via Germanic from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos). Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).


kość

kość f (diminutive kostka, augmentative kościsko, related adjective kostny)

kostka (diminutive)
kościsko (augmentative)
kostny (adjective)
kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościom (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kością (instrumental singular)
kośćmi (instrumental plural)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)

bone (composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates)

(chiefly in the plural) die (isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


comber

comber (nominative singular)
combry (nominative plural)
combra (genitive singular)
combrów (genitive plural)
combrowi (dative singular)
combrom (dative plural)
comber (accusative singular)
combry (accusative plural)
combrem (instrumental singular)
combrami (instrumental plural)
combrze (locative singular)
combrach (locative plural)
combrze (singular vocative)
combry (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from German Zampern, Zempern, Zemper.

(historical) medieval folk carnival game formerly held in various regions of Poland, usually on Fat Thursday


wist

wist (nominative singular)
wisty (nominative plural)
wistu (genitive singular)
wistów (genitive plural)
wistowi (dative singular)
wistom (dative plural)
wist (accusative singular)
wisty (accusative plural)
wistem (instrumental singular)
wistami (instrumental plural)
wiście (locative singular)
wistach (locative plural)
wiście (singular vocative)
wisty (plural vocative)


granica

graniczny (adjective)
granica (nominative singular)
granice (nominative plural)
granicy (genitive singular)
granic (genitive plural)
granicy (dative singular)
granicom (dative plural)
granicę (accusative singular)
granice (accusative plural)
granicą (instrumental singular)
granicami (instrumental plural)
granicy (locative singular)
granicach (locative plural)
granico (singular vocative)
granice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish granica. By surface analysis, grań + -ica.

(obsolete, children's games) type of children's game


gamepad

gamepad (nominative singular)
gamepady (nominative plural)
gamepadu (genitive singular)
gamepadów (genitive plural)
gamepadowi (dative singular)
gamepadom (dative plural)
gamepad (accusative singular)
gamepady (accusative plural)
gamepadem (instrumental singular)
gamepadami (instrumental plural)
gamepadzie (locative singular)
gamepadach (locative plural)
gamepadzie (singular vocative)
gamepady (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English gamepad.


jechać

pl-verb

jechać impf (determinate, indeterminate jeździć)

jeździć (indeterminate)
jechać (infinitive)
jadę (present singular)
jedziemy (plural present)
jedziesz (present singular)
jedziecie (plural present)
jedzie (present singular third-person)
jadą (plural present third-person)
jedzie się (impersonal present)
jechałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś jechał (masculine past singular)
jechałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś jechała (feminine past singular)
jechałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś jechało (neuter past singular)
jechaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście jechali (past plural virile)
jechałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście jechały (nonvirile past plural)
jechał (masculine past singular third-person)
jechała (feminine past singular third-person)
jechało (neuter past singular third-person)
jechali (past plural third-person virile)
jechały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
jechano (impersonal past)
będę jechał (future masculine singular)
będę jechać (future masculine singular)
będę jechała (feminine future singular)
będę jechać (feminine future singular)
będę jechało (future neuter singular)
będę jechać (future neuter singular)
będziemy jechali (future plural virile)
będziemy jechać (future plural virile)
będziemy jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz jechał (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechać (future masculine singular)
będziesz jechała (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechać (feminine future singular)
będziesz jechało (future neuter singular)
będziesz jechać (future neuter singular)
będziecie jechali (future plural virile)
będziecie jechać (future plural virile)
będziecie jechały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie jechać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie jechał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie jechała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie jechało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie jechać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą jechali (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechać (future plural third-person virile)
będą jechały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą jechać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie jechać się (future impersonal)
jechałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś jechał (conditional masculine singular)
jechałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś jechała (conditional feminine singular)
jechałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś jechało (conditional neuter singular)
jechalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście jechali (conditional plural virile)
jechałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście jechały (conditional nonvirile plural)
jechałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by jechał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
jechałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by jechała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
jechałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by jechało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
jechaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by jechali (conditional plural third-person virile)
jechałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by jechały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
jechano by (conditional impersonal)
niech jadę (imperative singular)
jedźmy (imperative plural)
jedź (imperative singular)
jedźcie (imperative plural)
niech jedzie (imperative singular third-person)
niech jadą (imperative plural third-person)
jadący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
jadąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
jadące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
jadący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
jadące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
jadąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
jechanie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive, Middle Polish, chess) to move (to make a move with a chess piece)


joypad

joypad (nominative singular)
joypady (nominative plural)
joypadu (genitive singular)
joypadów (genitive plural)
joypadowi (dative singular)
joypadom (dative plural)
joypad (accusative singular)
joypady (accusative plural)
joypadem (instrumental singular)
joypadami (instrumental plural)
joypadzie (locative singular)
joypadach (locative plural)
joypadzie (singular vocative)
joypady (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joypad.


mnich

mnich (nominative singular)
mniszy (nominative plural)
mnichowie (nominative plural)
mnicha (genitive singular)
mnichów (genitive plural)
mnichowi (dative singular)
mnichom (dative plural)
mnicha (accusative singular)
mnichy (accusative plural)
mnichem (instrumental singular)
mnichy (instrumental plural)
mnichami (instrumental plural)
mnichu (locative singular)
mnichach (locative plural)
mnichoch (locative plural)
mnichu (singular vocative)
mniszy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mich

→ Old Lithuanian: minỹkas, minỹchas

Lithuanian: (dialectal) minỹkas

Inherited from Old Polish mnich. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Mönch.


koło

kółko (diminutive)
koło (nominative singular)
koła (nominative plural)
koła (genitive singular)
kół (genitive plural)
kołu (dative singular)
kołom (dative plural)
koło (accusative singular)
koła (accusative plural)
kołem (instrumental singular)
kołami (instrumental plural)
kole (locative singular)
kołach (locative plural)
koło (singular vocative)
koła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koło. Doublet of kolo. Related to English cycle and wheel.


sekundant

pl-noun

sekundant m pers (female equivalent sekndantka)

sekndantka (feminine)
sekundant (nominative singular)
sekundanci (nominative plural)
sekundanty (derogatory nominative plural)
sekundanta (genitive singular)
sekundantów (genitive plural)
sekundantowi (dative singular)
sekundantom (dative plural)
sekundanta (accusative singular)
sekundantów (accusative plural)
sekundantem (instrumental singular)
sekundantami (instrumental plural)
sekundancie (locative singular)
sekundantach (locative plural)
sekundancie (singular vocative)
sekundanci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Sekundant. By surface analysis, sekundować + -ant.

(chess) second (assistant hired to help a player in preparation for and during a major match or tournament)


karta

karta (nominative singular)
karty (nominative plural)
karty (genitive singular)
kart (genitive plural)
karcie (dative singular)
kartom (dative plural)
kartę (accusative singular)
karty (accusative plural)
kartą (instrumental singular)
kartami (instrumental plural)
karcie (locative singular)
kartach (locative plural)
karto (singular vocative)
karty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ка́рта (kárta)

→ Lithuanian: korta

desctree

→ Russian: ка́рта (kárta)
→ Armenian: կարտ (kart)
→ Bashkir: кәрт (kərt)
→ Ingrian: kartta
→ Kazakh: карта (karta)
→ Yup'ik: kaal'taaq
→ Kyrgyz: карта (karta)
→ Mongolian: карт (kart)
→ Tajik: корт (kort)
→ Tatar: карта (qarta)
→ Turkmen: karta
→ Uyghur: قارتا (qarta)
→ Uzbek: karta
→ Yakut: хаарта (qaarta)

→ Ukrainian: ка́рта (kárta)


goniec

goniec (nominative singular)
gońce (nominative plural)
gońca (genitive singular)
gońców (genitive plural)
gońcowi (dative singular)
gońcom (dative plural)
gońca (accusative singular)
gońce (accusative plural)
gońcem (instrumental singular)
gońcami (instrumental plural)
gońcu (locative singular)
gońcach (locative plural)
gońcu (singular vocative)
gońce (plural vocative)


skoczek

skoczek (nominative singular)
skoczki (nominative plural)
skoczka (genitive singular)
skoczków (genitive plural)
skoczkowi (dative singular)
skoczkom (dative plural)
skoczka (accusative singular)
skoczki (accusative plural)
skoczkiem (instrumental singular)
skoczkami (instrumental plural)
skoczku (locative singular)
skoczkach (locative plural)
skoczku (singular vocative)
skoczki (plural vocative)

any grasshopper belonging to the genus Omocestus

any insect belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha


skoczek

pl-noun

skoczek m pers (female equivalent skoczkini)

skoczkini (feminine)
skoczek (nominative singular)
skoczkowie (nominative plural)
skoczki (derogatory nominative plural)
skoczka (genitive singular)
skoczków (genitive plural)
skoczkowi (dative singular)
skoczkom (dative plural)
skoczka (accusative singular)
skoczków (accusative plural)
skoczkiem (instrumental singular)
skoczkami (instrumental plural)
skoczku (locative singular)
skoczkach (locative plural)
skoczku (singular vocative)
skoczkowie (plural vocative)

(sports) a jumper; an athlete specializing in jumping

job-hopper (someone who frequently changes jobs)


król

król (nominative singular)
króle (nominative plural)
króla (genitive singular)
króli (genitive plural)
królowi (dative singular)
królom (dative plural)
króla (accusative singular)
króle (accusative plural)
królem (instrumental singular)
królami (instrumental plural)
królu (locative singular)
królach (locative plural)
królu (singular vocative)
króle (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish król. Sense 2, sense 3, and sense 4 and are an internationalism semantic loan; compare English king, French roi and German König. Doublet of Karol.

(chess) king (principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate)

król karo

król kier

król pik

król trefl

(card games) king (playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit)

(bowling) king (central pin or skittle in bowling games)

(obsolete, card games) a type of card game

(obsolete, children's games) a type of children's ball game.


talia

talia (nominative singular)
talie (nominative plural)
talii (genitive singular)
talii (genitive plural)
talij (archaic genitive plural)
talii (dative singular)
taliom (dative plural)
talię (accusative singular)
talie (accusative plural)
talią (instrumental singular)
taliami (instrumental plural)
talii (locative singular)
taliach (locative plural)
talio (singular vocative)
talie (plural vocative)

(card games) deck (pack of playing cards)


dziadek

dziadek m pers (diminutive dziadziuś, augmentative dziad)

dziadziuś (diminutive)
dziad (augmentative)
dziadek (nominative singular)
dziadkowie (nominative plural)
dziadki (derogatory nominative plural)
dziadka (genitive singular)
dziadków (genitive plural)
dziadkowi (dative singular)
dziadkom (dative plural)
dziadka (accusative singular)
dziadków (accusative plural)
dziadkiem (instrumental singular)
dziadkami (instrumental plural)
dziadku (locative singular)
dziadkach (locative plural)
dziadku (singular vocative)
dziadkowie (plural vocative)

gdyby babcia miała wąsy, toby była dziadkiem

(card games, chiefly bridge) dummy (player whose hand is shown and is to be played from by another player)


Nintendo

Nintendo (Japanese multinational company that develops, publishes, and releases both video games and video game consoles)


strategia

strategia (nominative singular)
strategie (nominative plural)
strategii (genitive singular)
strategii (genitive plural)
strategij (archaic genitive plural)
strategii (dative singular)
strategiom (dative plural)
strategię (accusative singular)
strategie (accusative plural)
strategią (instrumental singular)
strategiami (instrumental plural)
strategii (locative singular)
strategiach (locative plural)
strategio (singular vocative)
strategie (plural vocative)


ojciec

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

ojczulek (diminutive)
ojczysko (augmentative)
o. (abbreviation)
oo. (abbreviation)
ojciec (nominative singular)
ojcowie (nominative plural)
ojce (derogatory nominative plural)
ojca (genitive singular)
ojców (genitive plural)
ojcu (dative singular)
ojcom (dative plural)
ojca (accusative singular)
ojców (accusative plural)
ojcem (instrumental singular)
ojcami (instrumental plural)
ojcu (locative singular)
ojcach (locative plural)
ojcze (singular vocative)
ojcowie (plural vocative)

/ˈɔjt͡ɕɛt͡s/

/ˈɔjt͡ɕɛt͡s/

/ˈɔjt͡ɕɛt͡s/

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą


pionek

pionek (nominative singular)
pionki (nominative plural)
pionka (genitive singular)
pionków (genitive plural)
pionkowi (dative singular)
pionkom (dative plural)
pionek (accusative singular)
pionki (accusative plural)
pionkiem (instrumental singular)
pionkami (instrumental plural)
pionku (locative singular)
pionkach (locative plural)
pionku (singular vocative)
pionki (plural vocative)


królowa

królowa (nominative singular)
królowe (nominative plural)
królowej (genitive singular)
królowych (genitive plural)
królowej (dative singular)
królowym (dative plural)
królową (accusative singular)
królowe (accusative plural)
królową (instrumental singular)
królowymi (instrumental plural)
królowej (locative singular)
królowych (locative plural)
królowo (singular vocative)
królowe (plural vocative)


zakład

zakładzik (diminutive)
zakład (nominative singular)
zakłady (nominative plural)
zakładu (genitive singular)
zakładów (genitive plural)
zakładowi (dative singular)
zakładom (dative plural)
zakład (accusative singular)
zakłady (accusative plural)
zakładem (instrumental singular)
zakładami (instrumental plural)
zakładzie (locative singular)
zakładach (locative plural)
zakładzie (singular vocative)
zakłady (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zakład. By surface analysis, deverbal from zakładać. Compare Kashubian zakłôd and Slovincian zaklod.

surf

+obj

bet, wager (agreement between two parties that a stake will be paid by the loser to the winner) [with o (+ accusative) ‘for what’ and z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
konika (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konika (accusative singular)
koniki (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

sea horse (fish of the genus Hippocampus)


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
koniku (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konik (accusative singular)
koniki (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

Lubiłem śpiewać, umiałem śpiewać, umiałem tańczyć, a Teatr na Targówku to był teatr muzyczny i w sumie to bardzo mi odpowiadało. Miał ambicje wystawiania musicali, a to był mój konik.

2011, Artur Barciś, Marzanna Graff, Rozmowy bez retuszu, Wydawnictwo M, →ISBN, page 72:

I liked to sing, I knew how to sing, I knew how to dance, and the Targówek Theater was a musical theater, and all in all, I was very happy with it. He had ambitions to put on musicals, and it was my specialty.

Czerwiński nigdy nie miał żadnych rezerw finansowych. Wszystkie nadwyżki inwestował tylko i wyłącznie w rozwój nowych produktów. Badania naukowe to był jego konik, na nie wydawał wszystkie pieniądze.

2012, Rafał Szczepanik, 7 śmiertelnych błędów szefa. Wydanie III rozszerzone, →ISBN:

Czerwiński never had any financial reserves. He invested anything extra exclusive in the development of new products. Scientific research was his passion, he spent all of his money on it.

Tego Leppieja?! – Kremser podniósł głos. – Tego samego, ministra rolnictwa. Pamiętasz aferę gruntową, która wysadziła go z siodła? – Polityka to nie mój konik, ale o tej sprawie to chyba wszyscy słyszeli – mówił już ciszej.

2014, Krzysztof Koziołek, Bóg nie weźmie w tym udziału, Manufaktura Tekstów, →ISBN, page 126:

"That Leppiej?!" Kremser raised his voice. "The very same, the minister of agriculture. Do you remember the territorial dispute that kicked him out?" "Politics is not my thing, but I think everyone has already heard about this," he said more quitely.

(colloquial) hobby horse; hobby, passion (activity to which one devotes a lot of time and resources and can talk much about)


konik

konik (nominative singular)
koniki (nominative plural)
konika (genitive singular)
koników (genitive plural)
konikowi (dative singular)
konikom (dative plural)
konika (accusative singular)
koników (accusative plural)
konikiem (instrumental singular)
konikami (instrumental plural)
koniku (locative singular)
konikach (locative plural)
koniku (singular vocative)
koniki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) scalper, ticket tout (person that sells tickets unofficially just before the event, often at inflated prices)


odpowiedź

pl-noun

odpowiedź f (related adjective odpowiedziowy)

odpowiedziowy (adjective)
odpowiedź (nominative singular)
odpowiedzi (nominative plural)
odpowiedzi (genitive singular)
odpowiedzi (genitive plural)
odpowiedzi (dative singular)
odpowiedziom (dative plural)
odpowiedź (accusative singular)
odpowiedzi (accusative plural)
odpowiedzią (instrumental singular)
odpowiedziami (instrumental plural)
odpowiedzi (locative singular)
odpowiedziach (locative plural)
odpowiedzi (singular vocative)
odpowiedzi (plural vocative)

Russian: о́тповедь (ótpovedʹ)

Inherited from Old Polish odpowiedź. By surface analysis, deverbal from odpowiedzieć. Compare Kashubian òdpòwiédz, Czech odpověď.

surf

+obj

(board games, card games, chess, games, sports) response (move done in reponse to another player) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what (move)’]


bateria

pl-noun

bateria f (related adjective bateriowy or bateryjny)

bateriowy (adjective)
bateryjny (adjective)
bateria (nominative singular)
baterie (nominative plural)
baterii (genitive singular)
baterii (genitive plural)
bateryj (archaic genitive plural)
baterii (dative singular)
bateriom (dative plural)
baterię (accusative singular)
baterie (accusative plural)
baterią (instrumental singular)
bateriami (instrumental plural)
baterii (locative singular)
bateriach (locative plural)
baterio (singular vocative)
baterie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: bateriô

Borrowed from French batterie. Compare Slovincian batrëja.

(chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)


wyjście

wyjście (nominative singular)
wyjścia (nominative plural)
wyjścia (genitive singular)
wyjść (genitive plural)
wyjściu (dative singular)
wyjściom (dative plural)
wyjście (accusative singular)
wyjścia (accusative plural)
wyjściem (instrumental singular)
wyjściami (instrumental plural)
wyjściu (locative singular)
wyjściach (locative plural)
wyjście (singular vocative)
wyjścia (plural vocative)

/ˈvɘj.ɕt͡ɕɛ/

Inherited from Old Polish wyszcie, wyście. By surface analysis, wyjść + -ie.


wychodzić

wyjść (perfective)
wychodzić (infinitive)
wychodzę (present singular)
wychodzimy (plural present)
wychodzisz (present singular)
wychodzicie (plural present)
wychodzi (present singular third-person)
wychodzą (plural present third-person)
wychodzi się (impersonal present)
wychodziłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m wychodził (masculine past singular)
wychodziłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m wychodziła (feminine past singular)
wychodziłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m wychodziło (neuter past singular)
wychodziliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy wychodzili (past plural virile)
wychodziłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy wychodziły (nonvirile past plural)
wychodziłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś wychodził (masculine past singular)
wychodziłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś wychodziła (feminine past singular)
wychodziłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś wychodziło (neuter past singular)
wychodziliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście wychodzili (past plural virile)
wychodziłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście wychodziły (nonvirile past plural)
wychodził (masculine past singular third-person)
wychodziła (feminine past singular third-person)
wychodziło (neuter past singular third-person)
wychodzili (past plural third-person virile)
wychodziły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
wychodzono (impersonal past)
będę wychodził (future masculine singular)
będę wychodzić (future masculine singular)
będę wychodziła (feminine future singular)
będę wychodzić (feminine future singular)
będę wychodziło (future neuter singular)
będę wychodzić (future neuter singular)
będziemy wychodzili (future plural virile)
będziemy wychodzić (future plural virile)
będziemy wychodziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy wychodzić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz wychodził (future masculine singular)
będziesz wychodzić (future masculine singular)
będziesz wychodziła (feminine future singular)
będziesz wychodzić (feminine future singular)
będziesz wychodziło (future neuter singular)
będziesz wychodzić (future neuter singular)
będziecie wychodzili (future plural virile)
będziecie wychodzić (future plural virile)
będziecie wychodziły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie wychodzić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie wychodził (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie wychodziła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie wychodziło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie wychodzić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą wychodzili (future plural third-person virile)
będą wychodzić (future plural third-person virile)
będą wychodziły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą wychodzić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie wychodzić się (future impersonal)
wychodziłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym wychodził (conditional masculine singular)
wychodziłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym wychodziła (conditional feminine singular)
wychodziłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym wychodziło (conditional neuter singular)
wychodzilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy wychodzili (conditional plural virile)
wychodziłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
wychodziłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś wychodził (conditional masculine singular)
wychodziłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś wychodziła (conditional feminine singular)
wychodziłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś wychodziło (conditional neuter singular)
wychodzilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście wychodzili (conditional plural virile)
wychodziłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural)
wychodziłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by wychodził (conditional masculine singular third-person)
wychodziłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by wychodziła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
wychodziłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by wychodziło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
wychodziliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by wychodzili (conditional plural third-person virile)
wychodziłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by wychodziły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
wychodzono by (conditional impersonal)
niech wychodzę (imperative singular)
wychodźmy (imperative plural)
wychodź (imperative singular)
wychodźcie (imperative plural)
niech wychodzi (imperative singular third-person)
niech wychodzą (imperative plural third-person)
wychodzący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
wychodząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
wychodzące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
wychodzący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
wychodzące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
wychodząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
wychodzenie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish wychodzić. By surface analysis, wy- + chodzić.

(intransitive, colloquial, card games) to end up (to find oneself in a particular situation) [with na (+ locative) ‘what situation’]


punkt

pl-noun

punkt m inan (diminutive punkcik, abbreviation p. or pkt)

punkcik (diminutive)
p. (abbreviation)
pkt (abbreviation)
punkt (nominative singular)
punkty (nominative plural)
punktu (genitive singular)
punktów (genitive plural)
punktowi (dative singular)
punktom (dative plural)
punkt (accusative singular)
punkty (accusative plural)
punktem (instrumental singular)
punktami (instrumental plural)
punkcie (locative singular)
punktach (locative plural)
punkcie (singular vocative)
punkty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin pūnctum. First attested in 1566. Doublet of puenta.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “punkt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “punkt I”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

punkt widzenia zależy od punktu siedzenia

(board games, sports, video games) point (unit of scoring in a game or competition)

(obsolete, billiards) hole on a billiards table


kostka

kosteczka (diminutive)
kostka (nominative singular)
kostki (nominative plural)
kostki (genitive singular)
kostek (genitive plural)
kostce (dative singular)
kostkom (dative plural)
kostkę (accusative singular)
kostki (accusative plural)
kostką (instrumental singular)
kostkami (instrumental plural)
kostce (locative singular)
kostkach (locative plural)
kostko (singular vocative)
kostki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). By surface analysis, kość + -ka.

inh+

die (polyhedron used in games of chance)

(colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)


laufer

laufer (nominative singular)
laufry (nominative plural)
laufra (genitive singular)
laufrów (genitive plural)
laufrowi (dative singular)
laufrom (dative plural)
laufra (accusative singular)
laufry (accusative plural)
laufrem (instrumental singular)
lauframi (instrumental plural)
laufrze (locative singular)
laufrach (locative plural)
laufrze (singular vocative)
laufry (plural vocative)


kanasta

kanasta (nominative singular)
kanasty (nominative plural)
kanasty (genitive singular)
kanast (genitive plural)
kanaście (dative singular)
kanastom (dative plural)
kanastę (accusative singular)
kanasty (accusative plural)
kanastą (instrumental singular)
kanastami (instrumental plural)
kanaście (locative singular)
kanastach (locative plural)
kanasto (singular vocative)
kanasty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish canasta, from Latin cānistrum, from Ancient Greek κάναστρον (kánastron, “basket of reeds”).


szachy

szachy (nominative plural)
szachów (genitive plural)
szachom (dative plural)
szachy (accusative plural)
szachami (instrumental plural)
szachach (locative plural)
szachy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ша́хы (šáxy) (dated)

→ Ukrainian: ша́хи (šáxy)

Nie mogę znaleźć moich szachów


zabijać

zabić (perfective)
zabijać (infinitive)
zabijam (present singular)
zabijamy (plural present)
zabijasz (present singular)
zabijacie (plural present)
zabija (present singular third-person)
zabijają (plural present third-person)
zabija się (impersonal present)
zabijałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m zabijał (masculine past singular)
zabijałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m zabijała (feminine past singular)
zabijałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m zabijało (neuter past singular)
zabijaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy zabijali (past plural virile)
zabijałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy zabijały (nonvirile past plural)
zabijałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś zabijał (masculine past singular)
zabijałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś zabijała (feminine past singular)
zabijałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś zabijało (neuter past singular)
zabijaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście zabijali (past plural virile)
zabijałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście zabijały (nonvirile past plural)
zabijał (masculine past singular third-person)
zabijała (feminine past singular third-person)
zabijało (neuter past singular third-person)
zabijali (past plural third-person virile)
zabijały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
zabijano (impersonal past)
będę zabijał (future masculine singular)
będę zabijać (future masculine singular)
będę zabijała (feminine future singular)
będę zabijać (feminine future singular)
będę zabijało (future neuter singular)
będę zabijać (future neuter singular)
będziemy zabijali (future plural virile)
będziemy zabijać (future plural virile)
będziemy zabijały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy zabijać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz zabijał (future masculine singular)
będziesz zabijać (future masculine singular)
będziesz zabijała (feminine future singular)
będziesz zabijać (feminine future singular)
będziesz zabijało (future neuter singular)
będziesz zabijać (future neuter singular)
będziecie zabijali (future plural virile)
będziecie zabijać (future plural virile)
będziecie zabijały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie zabijać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie zabijał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie zabijała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie zabijało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie zabijać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą zabijali (future plural third-person virile)
będą zabijać (future plural third-person virile)
będą zabijały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą zabijać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie zabijać się (future impersonal)
zabijałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym zabijał (conditional masculine singular)
zabijałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym zabijała (conditional feminine singular)
zabijałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym zabijało (conditional neuter singular)
zabijalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy zabijali (conditional plural virile)
zabijałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zabijałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś zabijał (conditional masculine singular)
zabijałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś zabijała (conditional feminine singular)
zabijałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś zabijało (conditional neuter singular)
zabijalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście zabijali (conditional plural virile)
zabijałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zabijałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by zabijał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
zabijałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by zabijała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
zabijałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by zabijało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
zabijaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by zabijali (conditional plural third-person virile)
zabijałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by zabijały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
zabijano by (conditional impersonal)
niech zabijam (imperative singular)
zabijajmy (imperative plural)
zabijaj (imperative singular)
zabijajcie (imperative plural)
niech zabija (imperative singular third-person)
niech zabijają (imperative plural third-person)
zabijający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
zabijająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
zabijające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
zabijający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
zabijające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
zabijając (adjectival contemporary participle)
zabijanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish zabijać, from Proto-Slavic *zabijati. By surface analysis, zabić + -ać.

(transitive, games) to take (e.g. a piece)


rząd

pl-noun

rząd m inan (diminutive rządek, related adjective rzędowy)

rządek (diminutive)
rzędowy (adjective)
rząd (nominative singular)
rzędy (nominative plural)
rzędu (genitive singular)
rzędów (genitive plural)
rzędowi (dative singular)
rzędom (dative plural)
rząd (accusative singular)
rzędy (accusative plural)
rzędem (instrumental singular)
rzędami (instrumental plural)
rzędzie (locative singular)
rzędach (locative plural)
rzędzie (singular vocative)
rzędy (plural vocative)


akcja

akcyjny (adjective)
akcja (nominative singular)
akcje (nominative plural)
akcji (genitive singular)
akcji (genitive plural)
akcyj (archaic genitive plural)
akcji (dative singular)
akcjom (dative plural)
akcję (accusative singular)
akcje (accusative plural)
akcją (instrumental singular)
akcjami (instrumental plural)
akcji (locative singular)
akcjach (locative plural)
akcjo (singular vocative)
akcje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akcjô

Learned borrowing from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”). Sense 1 and sense 6 are semantic loans from German Aktion or French action. First attested in 1553.

sl

akcja sceniczna

akcja dramatyczna

gra akcji

akcja sztuki

film akcji

akcja filmu

(film, literature, theater, video games) action (fast-paced activity especially in literature, play acting, or film)


kolej

kolejowy (adjective)
kolej (nominative singular)
koleje (nominative plural)
kolei (genitive singular)
kolei (genitive plural)
kolei (dative singular)
kolejom (dative plural)
kolej (accusative singular)
koleje (accusative plural)
koleją (instrumental singular)
kolejami (instrumental plural)
kolei (locative singular)
kolejach (locative plural)
kolei (singular vocative)
koleje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish koleja, with an unexpected loss of -a.

Polskie Koleje Państwowe

(countable) rail, railway (enterprise dealing with rail transportation)

(countable) train (vehicle that moves on rails)

(countable, obsolete) rut (furrow, groove, or track worn in the ground)

(countable, obsolete) hairdo (particular way in which one places their hair)


kier

kier (nominative singular)
kiery (nominative plural)
kiera (genitive singular)
kierów (genitive plural)
kier (genitive plural)
kierowi (dative singular)
kierom (dative plural)
kier (accusative singular)
kiera (accusative singular)
kiery (accusative plural)
kierem (instrumental singular)
kierami (instrumental plural)
kierze (locative singular)
kierach (locative plural)
kierze (singular vocative)
kiery (plural vocative)


temat

pl-noun

temat m inan (diminutive temacik, related adjective tematowy or tematyczny)

temacik (diminutive)
tematowy (adjective)
tematyczny (adjective)
temat (nominative singular)
tematy (nominative plural)
tematu (genitive singular)
tematów (genitive plural)
tematowi (dative singular)
tematom (dative plural)
temat (accusative singular)
tematy (accusative plural)
tematem (instrumental singular)
tematami (instrumental plural)
temacie (locative singular)
tematach (locative plural)
temacie (singular vocative)
tematy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin thema (genitive thematis). First attested in the 19th century. Compare Kashubian téma and Silesian tymat.

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “temat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 41

(chess) base idea on which a chess task is based


bohater

pl-noun

bohater m pers (female equivalent bohaterka)

bohaterka (feminine)
bohater (nominative singular)
bohaterowie (nominative plural)
bohaterzy (nominative plural)
bohatera (genitive singular)
bohaterów (genitive plural)
bohaterowi (dative singular)
bohaterom (dative plural)
bohatera (accusative singular)
bohaterów (accusative plural)
bohaterem (instrumental singular)
bohaterami (instrumental plural)
bohaterze (locative singular)
bohaterach (locative plural)
bohaterze (singular vocative)
bohaterowie (plural vocative)
bohaterzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic богатꙑрь (bogatyrĭ), from a Turkic language. First attested in 1606. Doublet of bogatyr. Compare Kyrgyz баатыр (baatır), Mongolian баатар (baatar) and Persian بهادر (bahâdor).

wojenny bohater

bohater narodowy

bohater powstania

bohater rewolucji

bohater wojny

bohaterowie pól bitewnych

składać hołd bohaterom

bohater dnia

antyczny bohater

mitologiczny bohater

mityczny bohater


grać

zagrać (perfective)
grać (infinitive)
gram (present singular)
gramy (plural present)
grasz (present singular)
gracie (plural present)
gra (present singular third-person)
grają (plural present third-person)
gra się (impersonal present)
grałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m grał (masculine past singular)
grałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m grała (feminine past singular)
grałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m grało (neuter past singular)
graliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy grali (past plural virile)
grałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy grały (nonvirile past plural)
grałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś grał (masculine past singular)
grałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś grała (feminine past singular)
grałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś grało (neuter past singular)
graliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście grali (past plural virile)
grałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście grały (nonvirile past plural)
grał (masculine past singular third-person)
grała (feminine past singular third-person)
grało (neuter past singular third-person)
grali (past plural third-person virile)
grały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
grano (impersonal past)
będę grał (future masculine singular)
będę grać (future masculine singular)
będę grała (feminine future singular)
będę grać (feminine future singular)
będę grało (future neuter singular)
będę grać (future neuter singular)
będziemy grali (future plural virile)
będziemy grać (future plural virile)
będziemy grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy grać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz grał (future masculine singular)
będziesz grać (future masculine singular)
będziesz grała (feminine future singular)
będziesz grać (feminine future singular)
będziesz grało (future neuter singular)
będziesz grać (future neuter singular)
będziecie grali (future plural virile)
będziecie grać (future plural virile)
będziecie grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie grać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie grał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie grać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą grali (future plural third-person virile)
będą grać (future plural third-person virile)
będą grały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą grać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie grać się (future impersonal)
grałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by grał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
grałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by grała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
grałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by grało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
graliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by grali (conditional plural third-person virile)
grałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by grały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
grano by (conditional impersonal)
niech gram (imperative singular)
grajmy (imperative plural)
graj (imperative singular)
grajcie (imperative plural)
niech gra (imperative singular third-person)
niech grają (imperative plural third-person)
grający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
grająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
grające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
grający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
grające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
grany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
grana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
grane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
grani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
grane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
grając (adjectival contemporary participle)
granie (noun-from-verb)
grać (infinitive)
graję (present singular)
grajemy (plural present)
grajesz (present singular)
grajecie (plural present)
graje (present singular third-person)
grają (plural present third-person)
graje się (impersonal present)
grałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m grał (masculine past singular)
grałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m grała (feminine past singular)
grałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m grało (neuter past singular)
graliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy grali (past plural virile)
grałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy grały (nonvirile past plural)
grałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś grał (masculine past singular)
grałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś grała (feminine past singular)
grałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś grało (neuter past singular)
graliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście grali (past plural virile)
grałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście grały (nonvirile past plural)
grał (masculine past singular third-person)
grała (feminine past singular third-person)
grało (neuter past singular third-person)
grali (past plural third-person virile)
grały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
grano (impersonal past)
będę grał (future masculine singular)
będę grać (future masculine singular)
będę grała (feminine future singular)
będę grać (feminine future singular)
będę grało (future neuter singular)
będę grać (future neuter singular)
będziemy grali (future plural virile)
będziemy grać (future plural virile)
będziemy grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy grać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz grał (future masculine singular)
będziesz grać (future masculine singular)
będziesz grała (feminine future singular)
będziesz grać (feminine future singular)
będziesz grało (future neuter singular)
będziesz grać (future neuter singular)
będziecie grali (future plural virile)
będziecie grać (future plural virile)
będziecie grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie grać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie grał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie grać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą grali (future plural third-person virile)
będą grać (future plural third-person virile)
będą grały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą grać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie grać się (future impersonal)
grałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by grał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
grałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by grała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
grałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by grało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
graliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by grali (conditional plural third-person virile)
grałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by grały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
grano by (conditional impersonal)
niech graję (imperative singular)
grajmy (imperative plural)
graj (imperative singular)
grajcie (imperative plural)
niech graje (imperative singular third-person)
niech grają (imperative plural third-person)
grający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
grająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
grające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
grający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
grające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
grany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
grana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
grane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
grani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
grane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
grając (adjectival contemporary participle)
granie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish grać. By surface analysis, clipping of igrać. Compare Kashubian grac.

+obj

(transitive, intransitive, card games) to play (to lay out a card on the table) [with accusative or w (+ locative) ‘what’]

(transitive, intransitive, card games) to play (to accept a particular suit as the winning suit) [with accusative or w (+ locative) ‘what suit’]

(transitive, Middle Polish, euphemistic) to have sex (to have sexual relations with)


grać

grać (infinitive)
gram (present singular)
gramy (plural present)
grasz (present singular)
gracie (plural present)
gra (present singular third-person)
grają (plural present third-person)
gra się (impersonal present)
grałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m grał (masculine past singular)
grałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m grała (feminine past singular)
grałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m grało (neuter past singular)
graliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy grali (past plural virile)
grałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy grały (nonvirile past plural)
grałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś grał (masculine past singular)
grałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś grała (feminine past singular)
grałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś grało (neuter past singular)
graliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście grali (past plural virile)
grałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście grały (nonvirile past plural)
grał (masculine past singular third-person)
grała (feminine past singular third-person)
grało (neuter past singular third-person)
grali (past plural third-person virile)
grały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
grano (impersonal past)
będę grał (future masculine singular)
będę grać (future masculine singular)
będę grała (feminine future singular)
będę grać (feminine future singular)
będę grało (future neuter singular)
będę grać (future neuter singular)
będziemy grali (future plural virile)
będziemy grać (future plural virile)
będziemy grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy grać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz grał (future masculine singular)
będziesz grać (future masculine singular)
będziesz grała (feminine future singular)
będziesz grać (feminine future singular)
będziesz grało (future neuter singular)
będziesz grać (future neuter singular)
będziecie grali (future plural virile)
będziecie grać (future plural virile)
będziecie grały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie grać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie grał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie grała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie grało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie grać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą grali (future plural third-person virile)
będą grać (future plural third-person virile)
będą grały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą grać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie grać się (future impersonal)
grałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś grał (conditional masculine singular)
grałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś grała (conditional feminine singular)
grałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś grało (conditional neuter singular)
gralibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście grali (conditional plural virile)
grałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście grały (conditional nonvirile plural)
grałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by grał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
grałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by grała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
grałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by grało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
graliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by grali (conditional plural third-person virile)
grałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by grały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
grano by (conditional impersonal)
niech gram (imperative singular)
grajmy (imperative plural)
graj (imperative singular)
grajcie (imperative plural)
niech gra (imperative singular third-person)
niech grają (imperative plural third-person)
grający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
grająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
grające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
grający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
grające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
grając (adjectival contemporary participle)
granie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grajati. First attested in the 18th century.

ref

Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “grać II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN

(intransitive, hunting, of capercaillies and black grouse) to make a characteristic call during courtship display


diabeł

pl-noun

diabeł m animal or m pers (female equivalent diablica, diminutive diabełek, related adjective diabli)

diabeł m animal or (canonical masculine person)
diablica (feminine)
diabełek (diminutive)
diabli (adjective)
diabeł (nominative singular)
diabły (nominative plural)
diabli (nominative plural)
diabła (genitive singular)
diabłów (genitive plural)
diabłu (dative singular)
diabłom (dative plural)
diabła (accusative singular)
diabły (accusative plural)
diabłów (accusative plural)
diabłem (instrumental singular)
diabłami (instrumental plural)
diable (locative singular)
diabłach (locative plural)
diable (singular vocative)
diabły (plural vocative)
diabli (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: diôbéł

→ Slovincian: djôùbel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δια- (dia-)
Proto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō-der.
Ancient Greek βᾰ́λλω (bállō)
Ancient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)
Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.
Latin diaboluslbor.
Old Czech diábelbor.
Old Polish dyjabeł
Polish diabeł
Inherited from Old Polish dyjabeł. Doublet of diabolo.

etymon

gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy

modli się pod figurą, a diabła ma za skórą

ubrał się diabeł w ornat i ogonem na mszę dzwoni

(countable, Middle Polish, religion) foreign, pagan god; idol


kamień

pl-noun

kamień m inan (diminutive kamyk, augmentative kamor)

kamyk (diminutive)
kamor (augmentative)
kamień (nominative singular)
kamienie (nominative plural)
kamienia (genitive singular)
kamieni (genitive plural)
kamieniowi (dative singular)
kamieniom (dative plural)
kamień (accusative singular)
kamienie (accusative plural)
kamieniem (instrumental singular)
kamieniami (instrumental plural)
kamieniu (locative singular)
kamieniach (locative plural)
kamieniu (singular vocative)
kamienie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kamień. Compare Latvian akmens, Lithuanian akmuo, Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman).

(games, sports) stone (small stone-like item used in some games and sports)

rock (closed hand in the game of rock paper scissors)


życie

życie (nominative singular)
życia (nominative plural)
życia (genitive singular)
żyć (genitive plural)
życiu (dative singular)
życiom (dative plural)
życie (accusative singular)
życia (accusative plural)
życiem (instrumental singular)
życiami (instrumental plural)
życiu (locative singular)
życiach (locative plural)
życie (singular vocative)
życia (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish życie. By surface analysis, żyć + -cie.

(countable, video games) life (chance to play that is lost when a mistake is made)


brydż

brydż (nominative singular)
brydża (genitive singular)
brydżowi (dative singular)
brydża (accusative singular)
brydżem (instrumental singular)
brydżu (locative singular)
brydżu (singular vocative)


szach

szach (nominative singular)
szachu (genitive singular)
szacha (genitive singular)
szachowi (dative singular)
szach (accusative singular)
szacha (accusative singular)
szachem (instrumental singular)
szachu (locative singular)
szachu (singular vocative)

(chess) check (a situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece)


komórka

komórka f (diminutive komóreczka, augmentative komóra, related adjective komórkowy)

komóreczka (diminutive)
komóra (augmentative)
komórkowy (adjective)
komórka (nominative singular)
komórki (nominative plural)
komórki (genitive singular)
komórek (genitive plural)
komórce (dative singular)
komórkom (dative plural)
komórkę (accusative singular)
komórki (accusative plural)
komórką (instrumental singular)
komórkami (instrumental plural)
komórce (locative singular)
komórkach (locative plural)
komórko (singular vocative)
komórki (plural vocative)

→ German: Kamurke

→ Kashubian: kòmórka (semantic loan)

→ Russian: камо́рка (kamórka)

→ Ukrainian: комі́рка (komírka)

Inherited from Old Polish komórka. By surface analysis, komora + -ka. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin cellula. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from English cell. Compare Slovincian kômórka.

sl

(in the plural, obsolete, children's games) a type of children's game


krzyżówka

pl-noun

krzyżówka f (related adjective krzyżówkowy)

krzyżówkowy (adjective)
krzyżówka (nominative singular)
krzyżówki (nominative plural)
krzyżówki (genitive singular)
krzyżówek (genitive plural)
krzyżówce (dative singular)
krzyżówkom (dative plural)
krzyżówkę (accusative singular)
krzyżówki (accusative plural)
krzyżówką (instrumental singular)
krzyżówkami (instrumental plural)
krzyżówce (locative singular)
krzyżówkach (locative plural)
krzyżówko (singular vocative)
krzyżówki (plural vocative)

(games) crossword (word puzzle in which interlocking words are entered usually horizontally and vertically into a grid based on clues given for each word)


gracz

gracz m pers (female equivalent graczka)

graczka (feminine)
gracz (nominative singular)
gracze (nominative plural)
gracza (genitive singular)
graczy (genitive plural)
graczowi (dative singular)
graczom (dative plural)
gracza (accusative singular)
graczy (accusative plural)
graczem (instrumental singular)
graczami (instrumental plural)
graczu (locative singular)
graczach (locative plural)
graczu (singular vocative)
gracze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish igracz, from Proto-Slavic *jьgračь. By surface analysis, grać + -acz.

(gaming, video games) gamer (person who plays any video game)


ruch

ruch (nominative singular)
ruchy (nominative plural)
ruchu (genitive singular)
ruchów (genitive plural)
ruchowi (dative singular)
ruchom (dative plural)
ruch (accusative singular)
ruchy (accusative plural)
ruchem (instrumental singular)
ruchami (instrumental plural)
ruchu (locative singular)
ruchach (locative plural)
ruchu (singular vocative)
ruchy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ. First attested in 1579.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ruch”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(games) move (turn, act of taking action in a game)


kręgle

kręgle (nominative plural)
kręgli (genitive plural)
kręglom (dative plural)
kręgle (accusative plural)
kręglami (instrumental plural)
kręglach (locative plural)
kręgle (plural vocative)


studium

studialny (adjective)
studium (nominative singular)
studia (nominative plural)
studium (genitive singular)
studiów (genitive plural)
studium (dative singular)
studiom (dative plural)
studium (accusative singular)
studia (accusative plural)
studium (instrumental singular)
studiami (instrumental plural)
studium (locative singular)
studiach (locative plural)
studium (singular vocative)
studia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin studium. First attested in the 16th century. Doublet of etiuda, studia, and studio.

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “studium”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


kuchnia

pl-noun

kuchnia f (diminutive kuchenka, related adjective kuchenny)

kuchenka (diminutive)
kuchenny (adjective)
kuchnia (nominative singular)
kuchnie (nominative plural)
kuchni (genitive singular)
kuchni (genitive plural)
kuchni (dative singular)
kuchniom (dative plural)
kuchnię (accusative singular)
kuchnie (accusative plural)
kuchnią (instrumental singular)
kuchniami (instrumental plural)
kuchni (locative singular)
kuchniach (locative plural)
kuchnio (singular vocative)
kuchnie (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: ку́хня (kúhnja)

desc

→ Kashubian: kùchniô (through Middle Polish)

→ Lower Sorbian: kuchnja

→ Macedonian: кујна (kujna)

→? Old Slovak: kuchňa

Pannonian Rusyn: кухня (kuxnja)

desctree

→ Russian: ку́хня (kúxnja)
→ Armenian: կուխնի (kuxni)
→ Bezhta: кухна (kuxna)
→ Chechen: кухни (kuxni)
→ Kildin Sami: кухня (kuxnja)
→ Kyrgyz: кухня (kuhnya)
→ Turkmen: kuhnýa
→ Yakut: куукуна (kuukuna)

→ Slovincian: kùchnja

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti
Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō
Latin coquō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *-os
Latin -us
Latin coquus
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnus
Latin coquīnus
Latin coquina
Late Latin cocīnabor.
Proto-West Germanic *kukinā
Old High German chuhhinabor.
Old Polish kuchnia
Polish kuchnia
Inherited from Old Polish kuchnia.

etymon

(Middle Polish, chess) square where the king stands during castling


partia

partyjka (diminutive)
partia (nominative singular)
partie (nominative plural)
partii (genitive singular)
partii (genitive plural)
partyj (archaic genitive plural)
partii (dative singular)
partiom (dative plural)
partię (accusative singular)
partie (accusative plural)
partią (instrumental singular)
partiami (instrumental plural)
partii (locative singular)
partiach (locative plural)
partio (singular vocative)
partie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: partiô

Borrowed from French partie. First attested in the second half of the 17th century.

ref

Paweł Kupiszewski (14.11.2016) “PARTYJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “partia”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(games) match, game (particular instance of playing a game)


Atari

Unadapted borrowing from English Atari, from Japanese 当たり.


ksiądz

pl-noun

ksiądz m pers (diminutive księżulek, related adjective księżowski or księży, abbreviation ks.)

księżulek (diminutive)
księżowski (adjective)
księży (adjective)
ks. (abbreviation)
ksiądz (nominative singular)
księża (nominative plural)
księdza (genitive singular)
księży (genitive plural)
księdzu (dative singular)
księżom (dative plural)
księdza (accusative singular)
księży (accusative plural)
księdzem (instrumental singular)
księżmi (instrumental plural)
księdzu (locative singular)
księżach (locative plural)
księże (singular vocative)
księża (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ксёндз (ksjondz)

→ Latvian: ksendzs

→ Russian: ксёндз (ksjondz)

→ Ukrainian: ксьондз (ksʹondz)

Inherited from Old Polish ksiądz. Doublet of kniaź.

kto ma księdza w rodzie, tego bieda nie ubodzie


animacja

animacja (nominative singular)
animacje (nominative plural)
animacji (genitive singular)
animacji (genitive plural)
animacyj (archaic genitive plural)
animacji (dative singular)
animacjom (dative plural)
animację (accusative singular)
animacje (accusative plural)
animacją (instrumental singular)
animacjami (instrumental plural)
animacji (locative singular)
animacjach (locative plural)
animacjo (singular vocative)
animacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin animātiō. First attested in 1690.

ref

Krystyna Siekierska (24.01.2020) “ANIMACJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Musimy zmienić animację otwierania menu, obecna jest denerwująco wolna.

We have to change the menu opening animation, the current one is annoyingly slow.

(computing) animation (motion design in computer systems)


wojna

+obj

[with pomiędzy (+ instrumental) ‘between whom’]

pl-noun

wojna f (diminutive wojenka, related adjective wojenny)

wojna (canonical feminine)
wojenka (diminutive)
wojenny (adjective)
wojna (nominative singular)
wojny (nominative plural)
wojny (genitive singular)
wojen (genitive plural)
wojnie (dative singular)
wojnom (dative plural)
wojnę (accusative singular)
wojny (accusative plural)
wojną (instrumental singular)
wojnami (instrumental plural)
wojnie (locative singular)
wojnach (locative plural)
wojno (singular vocative)
wojny (plural vocative)

(uncountable, card games) war (any of a family of card games where all cards are dealt at the beginning of play and players attempt to capture them all, typically involving no skill and only serving to kill time)


dupek

dupek (nominative singular)
dupki (nominative plural)
dupka (genitive singular)
dupków (genitive plural)
dupkowi (dative singular)
dupkom (dative plural)
dupka (accusative singular)
dupków (accusative plural)
dupkiem (instrumental singular)
dupkami (instrumental plural)
dupku (locative singular)
dupkach (locative plural)
dupku (singular vocative)
dupki (plural vocative)

(sympathetic) schmuck (poor schmuck or lost soul)


bankier

bankier m pers (female equivalent bankierka)

bankierka (feminine)
bankier (nominative singular)
bankierzy (nominative plural)
bankiery (derogatory nominative plural)
bankiera (genitive singular)
bankierów (genitive plural)
bankierowi (dative singular)
bankierom (dative plural)
bankiera (accusative singular)
bankierów (accusative plural)
bankierem (instrumental singular)
bankierami (instrumental plural)
bankierze (locative singular)
bankierach (locative plural)
bankierze (singular vocative)
bankierzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French banquier or German Bankier.

(gambling) banker (dealer in a casino, or one who keeps the bank in a banking game)