gag

gag (nominative singular)
gagi (nominative plural)
gagu (genitive singular)
gagów (genitive plural)
gagowi (dative singular)
gagom (dative plural)
gag (accusative singular)
gagi (accusative plural)
gagiem (instrumental singular)
gagami (instrumental plural)
gagu (locative singular)
gagach (locative plural)
gagu (singular vocative)
gagi (plural vocative)


musical

musical (nominative singular)
musicale (nominative plural)
musicalu (genitive singular)
musicali (genitive plural)
musicalowi (dative singular)
musicalom (dative plural)
musical (accusative singular)
musicale (accusative plural)
musicalem (instrumental singular)
musicalami (instrumental plural)
musicalu (locative singular)
musicalach (locative plural)
musicalu (singular vocative)
musicale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English musical, from Middle English musical, from Old French, from Medieval Latin mūsicālis, from Latin mūsica + -ālis.

ubor

(film, music, theater) musical (stage performance, show or film)


humor

pl-noun

humor m inan (diminutive humorek, related adjective humorny)

humorek (diminutive)
humorny (adjective)
humor (nominative singular)
humory (nominative plural)
humoru (genitive singular)
humorów (genitive plural)
humorowi (dative singular)
humorom (dative plural)
humor (accusative singular)
humory (accusative plural)
humorem (instrumental singular)
humorami (instrumental plural)
humorze (locative singular)
humorach (locative plural)
humorze (singular vocative)
humory (plural vocative)

(uncountable) humour (ability to see what the funny side of things and make others laugh)

(uncountable) humour (quality of being amusing, comical, funny)

(uncountable) humour (collection of texts or fragments of texts that entertain or make people laugh)

czarny humor

wisielczy humor

poczucie humoru

(uncountable) humour, mood (temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim)

(uncountable) good mood (mental state characterized by the dominance of positive feelings as a result of the relationship of a person to the surrounding world)

(countable, historical, medicine) humour (any of the fluids in an animal body, especially the four "cardinal humours" of blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm that were believed to control the health and mood of the human body)


song

song (nominative singular)
songi (nominative plural)
songu (genitive singular)
songów (genitive plural)
songowi (dative singular)
songom (dative plural)
song (accusative singular)
songi (accusative plural)
songiem (instrumental singular)
songami (instrumental plural)
songu (locative singular)
songach (locative plural)
songu (singular vocative)
songi (plural vocative)

(music, theater) musical theater song, usually with social or political commentary


prequel

prequel (nominative singular)
prequle (nominative plural)
prequela (genitive singular)
prequelu (genitive singular)
prequli (genitive plural)
prequlowi (dative singular)
prequlom (dative plural)
prequel (accusative singular)
prequle (accusative plural)
prequlem (instrumental singular)
prequlami (instrumental plural)
prequlu (locative singular)
prequlach (locative plural)
prequlu (singular vocative)
prequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English prequel.


sequel

sequel (nominative singular)
sequle (nominative plural)
sequela (genitive singular)
sequelu (genitive singular)
sequli (genitive plural)
sequlowi (dative singular)
sequlom (dative plural)
sequel (accusative singular)
sequle (accusative plural)
sequlem (instrumental singular)
sequlami (instrumental plural)
sequlu (locative singular)
sequlach (locative plural)
sequlu (singular vocative)
sequle (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English sequel, from Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī.


drama

drama (nominative singular)
dramy (nominative plural)
dramy (genitive singular)
dram (genitive plural)
dramie (dative singular)
dramom (dative plural)
dramę (accusative singular)
dramy (accusative plural)
dramą (instrumental singular)
dramami (instrumental plural)
dramie (locative singular)
dramach (locative plural)
dramo (singular vocative)
dramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French drame, from Latin drama, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma). First attested in 1728. Doublet of dramat.

ref

Wiesław Morawski (13.06.2019) “DRAMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(drama) drama (composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue)

(literary, theater) drama (type of play)


pasta

pasta (nominative singular)
pasty (nominative plural)
pasty (genitive singular)
past (genitive plural)
paście (dative singular)
pastom (dative plural)
pastę (accusative singular)
pasty (accusative plural)
pastą (instrumental singular)
pastami (instrumental plural)
paście (locative singular)
pastach (locative plural)
pasto (singular vocative)
pasty (plural vocative)

(Internet slang) copypasta (block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else)


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós).

der

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, drama, historical, literary) deus ex machina (plot resolution in ancient tragedy involving the sudden and unexpected appearance of a deity)

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, drama, historical, literary) deus ex machina (deity in Greek and Roman drama who was brought in by stage machinery to intervene in a difficult situation)

(literary, narratology) deus ex machina (contrived plot resolution)


clown

clown (nominative singular)
clowni (nominative plural)
clowny (derogatory nominative plural)
clowna (genitive singular)
clownów (genitive plural)
clownowi (dative singular)
clownom (dative plural)
clowna (accusative singular)
clownów (accusative plural)
clownem (instrumental singular)
clownami (instrumental plural)
clownie (locative singular)
clownach (locative plural)
clownie (singular vocative)
clowni (plural vocative)


narrator

pl-noun

narrator m pers (female equivalent narratorka, related adjective narratorski)

narratorka (feminine)
narratorski (adjective)
narrator (nominative singular)
narratorzy (nominative plural)
narratory (derogatory nominative plural)
narratora (genitive singular)
narratorów (genitive plural)
narratorowi (dative singular)
narratorom (dative plural)
narratora (accusative singular)
narratorów (accusative plural)
narratorem (instrumental singular)
narratorami (instrumental plural)
narratorze (locative singular)
narratorach (locative plural)
narratorze (singular vocative)
narratorzy (plural vocative)

(narratology) narrator (one who narrates or tells stories)


kabuki

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 歌舞伎 (kabuki).


volta

volta (nominative singular)
volty (nominative plural)
volty (genitive singular)
volt (genitive plural)
volcie (dative singular)
voltom (dative plural)
voltę (accusative singular)
volty (accusative plural)
voltą (instrumental singular)
voltami (instrumental plural)
volcie (locative singular)
voltach (locative plural)
volto (singular vocative)
volty (plural vocative)


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


stand-up

stand-up (nominative singular)
stand-upy (nominative plural)
stand-upu (genitive singular)
stand-upów (genitive plural)
stand-upowi (dative singular)
stand-upom (dative plural)
stand-up (accusative singular)
stand-upy (accusative plural)
stand-upem (instrumental singular)
stand-upami (instrumental plural)
stand-upie (locative singular)
stand-upach (locative plural)
stand-upie (singular vocative)
stand-upy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English stand-up.


jury

Unadapted borrowing from French jury, from English jury, from Middle English jure, from Anglo-Norman juree, from Medieval Latin iūrāta, from Latin iūrō.

(theater) jury (group of judges in a competition)


parabola

parabola (nominative singular)
parabole (nominative plural)
paraboli (genitive singular)
paraboli (genitive plural)
parabol (genitive plural)
paraboli (dative singular)
parabolom (dative plural)
parabolę (accusative singular)
parabole (accusative plural)
parabolą (instrumental singular)
parabolami (instrumental plural)
paraboli (locative singular)
parabolach (locative plural)
parabolo (singular vocative)
parabole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin parabola. Doublet of parol.


slapstick

slapstick (nominative singular)
slapsticki (nominative plural)
slapsticku (genitive singular)
slapsticków (genitive plural)
slapstickowi (dative singular)
slapstickom (dative plural)
slapstick (accusative singular)
slapsticki (accusative plural)
slapstickiem (instrumental singular)
slapstickami (instrumental plural)
slapsticku (locative singular)
slapstickach (locative plural)
slapsticku (singular vocative)
slapsticki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English slapstick.


aktor

pl-noun

aktor m pers (female equivalent aktorka, diminutive aktorzyk, augmentative aktorzyna or aktorzysko)

aktorka (feminine)
aktorzyk (diminutive)
aktorzyna (augmentative)
aktorzysko (augmentative)
aktor (nominative singular)
aktorzy (nominative plural)
aktory (derogatory nominative plural)
aktora (genitive singular)
aktorów (genitive plural)
aktorowi (dative singular)
aktorom (dative plural)
aktora (accusative singular)
aktorów (accusative plural)
aktorem (instrumental singular)
aktorami (instrumental plural)
aktorze (locative singular)
aktorach (locative plural)
aktorze (singular vocative)
aktorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin āctor. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French acteur. First attested in 1587.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aktor”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(film, television, theater) actor (person who performs in a theatrical play or film)


ensemble

Unadapted borrowing from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

ubor

(music, theater) Alternative spelling of ansambl


soundtrack

soundtrack (nominative singular)
soundtracki (nominative plural)
soundtracku (genitive singular)
soundtracków (genitive plural)
soundtrackowi (dative singular)
soundtrackom (dative plural)
soundtrack (accusative singular)
soundtracki (accusative plural)
soundtrackiem (instrumental singular)
soundtrackami (instrumental plural)
soundtracku (locative singular)
soundtrackach (locative plural)
soundtracku (singular vocative)
soundtracki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soundtrack.

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)

(film, gaming, music, television, theater) soundtrack (recording of such music for sale)


estrada

pl-noun

estrada f (diminutive estradka, related adjective estradowy)

estradka (diminutive)
estradowy (adjective)
estrada (nominative singular)
estrady (nominative plural)
estrady (genitive singular)
estrad (genitive plural)
estradzie (dative singular)
estradom (dative plural)
estradę (accusative singular)
estrady (accusative plural)
estradą (instrumental singular)
estradami (instrumental plural)
estradzie (locative singular)
estradach (locative plural)
estrado (singular vocative)
estrady (plural vocative)

(comedy, music, figurative) music and cabaret entertainment industry


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale.

ubor

(idiomatic, narratology) femme fatale (attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman)


ferm

ferm (nominative singular)
fermy (nominative plural)
fermu (genitive singular)
fermów (genitive plural)
fermowi (dative singular)
fermom (dative plural)
ferm (accusative singular)
fermy (accusative plural)
fermem (instrumental singular)
fermami (instrumental plural)
fermie (locative singular)
fermach (locative plural)
fermie (singular vocative)
fermy (plural vocative)

(theater) theatrical decoration depicting landscapes or buildings


wic

wic (nominative singular)
wice (nominative plural)
wica (genitive singular)
wiców (genitive plural)
wicowi (dative singular)
wicom (dative plural)
wic (accusative singular)
wice (accusative plural)
wicem (instrumental singular)
wicami (instrumental plural)
wicu (locative singular)
wicach (locative plural)
wicu (singular vocative)
wice (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Witz, derived from Middle High German witz, derived from Old High German wizzi, derived from Proto-West Germanic *witi, derived from Proto-Germanic *witją, derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-.

(colloquial) joke (story with a funny punchline, told to make the audience laugh)


animator

pl-noun

animator m pers (female equivalent animatorka)

animatorka (feminine)
animator (nominative singular)
animatorzy (nominative plural)
animatory (derogatory nominative plural)
animatora (genitive singular)
animatorów (genitive plural)
animatorowi (dative singular)
animatorom (dative plural)
animatora (accusative singular)
animatorów (accusative plural)
animatorem (instrumental singular)
animatorami (instrumental plural)
animatorze (locative singular)
animatorach (locative plural)
animatorze (singular vocative)
animatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French animateur, from Latin animō + -ato. First attested in 1915.

ref

Dziennik Poznański : wychodzi codziennie z wyjątkiem poniedziałków i dni poświętnych (in Polish), number R.57, nr 23, 1915, page 6

animator teatralny

animator lalek

animator teatru

(theater) puppeteer (person who moves puppets during a puppet show)


intermezzo

intermezzo (nominative singular)
intermezza (nominative plural)
intermezza (genitive singular)
intermezzów (genitive plural)
intermezzu (dative singular)
intermezzom (dative plural)
intermezzo (accusative singular)
intermezza (accusative plural)
intermezzem (instrumental singular)
intermezzami (instrumental plural)
intermezzu (locative singular)
intermezzach (locative plural)
intermezzo (singular vocative)
intermezza (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian intermezzo.

ubor

(music, opera) intermezzo (short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle)

(historical, music, opera) intermezzo (musical and dramatic interlude of a comic character, performed in the antracts of Italian opera in the 17th–18th centuries)


parodia

parodia (nominative singular)
parodie (nominative plural)
parodii (genitive singular)
parodii (genitive plural)
parodyj (archaic genitive plural)
parodii (dative singular)
parodiom (dative plural)
parodię (accusative singular)
parodie (accusative plural)
parodią (instrumental singular)
parodiami (instrumental plural)
parodii (locative singular)
parodiach (locative plural)
parodio (singular vocative)
parodie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parodiez, from Latin parōdia, from Ancient Greek παρῳδία (parōidía).


figurant

pl-noun

figurant m pers (female equivalent figurantka)

figurantka (feminine)
figurant (nominative singular)
figuranci (nominative plural)
figuranty (derogatory nominative plural)
figuranta (genitive singular)
figurantów (genitive plural)
figurantowi (dative singular)
figurantom (dative plural)
figuranta (accusative singular)
figurantów (accusative plural)
figurantem (instrumental singular)
figurantami (instrumental plural)
figurancie (locative singular)
figurantach (locative plural)
figurancie (singular vocative)
figuranci (plural vocative)


scena

scena f (diminutive scenka, related adjective scenowy)

scenka (diminutive)
scenowy (adjective)
scena (nominative singular)
sceny (nominative plural)
sceny (genitive singular)
scen (genitive plural)
scenie (dative singular)
scenom (dative plural)
scenę (accusative singular)
sceny (accusative plural)
sceną (instrumental singular)
scenami (instrumental plural)
scenie (locative singular)
scenach (locative plural)
sceno (singular vocative)
sceny (plural vocative)

(theater) stage, platform (surface, generally elevated, upon which show performances or other public events are given)


piernik

pierniczek (diminutive)
piernik (nominative singular)
pierniki (nominative plural)
piernika (genitive singular)
pierników (genitive plural)
piernikowi (dative singular)
piernikom (dative plural)
piernik (accusative singular)
pierniki (accusative plural)
piernikiem (instrumental singular)
piernikami (instrumental plural)
pierniku (locative singular)
piernikach (locative plural)
pierniku (singular vocative)
pierniki (plural vocative)

→ English: piernik

(archaic, theater) a role of little value


tetralogia

tetralogia f (related adjective tetralogiczny)

tetralogiczny (adjective)
tetralogia (nominative singular)
tetralogie (nominative plural)
tetralogii (genitive singular)
tetralogii (genitive plural)
tetralogij (archaic genitive plural)
tetralogii (dative singular)
tetralogiom (dative plural)
tetralogię (accusative singular)
tetralogie (accusative plural)
tetralogią (instrumental singular)
tetralogiami (instrumental plural)
tetralogii (locative singular)
tetralogiach (locative plural)
tetralogio (singular vocative)
tetralogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) tetralogy (set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works)

(Ancient Greece, theater) tetralogy (group of four tragedies staged as part of a single show)


abrakadabra

abrakadabra (nominative singular)
abrakadabry (nominative plural)
abrakadabry (genitive singular)
abrakadabr (genitive plural)
abrakadabrze (dative singular)
abrakadabrom (dative plural)
abrakadabrę (accusative singular)
abrakadabry (accusative plural)
abrakadabrą (instrumental singular)
abrakadabrami (instrumental plural)
abrakadabrze (locative singular)
abrakadabrach (locative plural)
abrakadabro (singular vocative)
abrakadabry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abracadabra. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abrakadraba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

abracadabra, mumbo jumbo (complicated technical or other jargon)


primadonna

primadonna (nominative singular)
primadonny (nominative plural)
primadonny (genitive singular)
primadonn (genitive plural)
primadonnie (dative singular)
primadonnom (dative plural)
primadonnę (accusative singular)
primadonny (accusative plural)
primadonną (instrumental singular)
primadonnami (instrumental plural)
primadonnie (locative singular)
primadonnach (locative plural)
primadonno (singular vocative)
primadonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian prima donna (“first lady”).


kulisa

kulisa (nominative singular)
kulisy (nominative plural)
kulisy (genitive singular)
kulis (genitive plural)
kulisie (dative singular)
kulisom (dative plural)
kulisę (accusative singular)
kulisy (accusative plural)
kulisą (instrumental singular)
kulisami (instrumental plural)
kulisie (locative singular)
kulisach (locative plural)
kuliso (singular vocative)
kulisy (plural vocative)


epizod

epizodzik (diminutive)
epizod (nominative singular)
epizody (nominative plural)
epizodu (genitive singular)
epizodów (genitive plural)
epizodowi (dative singular)
epizodom (dative plural)
epizod (accusative singular)
epizody (accusative plural)
epizodem (instrumental singular)
epizodami (instrumental plural)
epizodzie (locative singular)
epizodach (locative plural)
epizodzie (singular vocative)
epizody (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

(art, colloquial, film, literature, theater) episode (instalment of a drama told in parts)


mim

mim (nominative singular)
mimy (nominative plural)
mimu (genitive singular)
mimów (genitive plural)
mimowi (dative singular)
mimom (dative plural)
mim (accusative singular)
mimy (accusative plural)
mimem (instrumental singular)
mimami (instrumental plural)
mimie (locative singular)
mimach (locative plural)
mimie (singular vocative)
mimy (plural vocative)

(theater) mime (classical theatrical entertainment in the form of farce)


lala

lala (nominative singular)
lale (nominative plural)
lali (genitive singular)
lal (genitive plural)
lali (dative singular)
lalom (dative plural)
lalę (accusative singular)
lale (accusative plural)
lalą (instrumental singular)
lalami (instrumental plural)
lali (locative singular)
lalach (locative plural)
lalo (singular vocative)
lalu (singular vocative)
lale (plural vocative)

(childish) puppet (any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove)

(colloquial, derogatory) Barbie, bimbo (physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence)

(Central Greater Poland) sheepdog stick with lead inserted in the head


etiologia

etiologia (nominative singular)
etiologie (nominative plural)
etiologii (genitive singular)
etiologii (genitive plural)
etiologij (archaic genitive plural)
etiologii (dative singular)
etiologiom (dative plural)
etiologię (accusative singular)
etiologie (accusative plural)
etiologią (instrumental singular)
etiologiami (instrumental plural)
etiologii (locative singular)
etiologiach (locative plural)
etiologio (singular vocative)
etiologie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aetiologia.

aetiology (establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something)

(anthropology, narratology) pourquoi story


klaun

klaun (nominative singular)
klauni (nominative plural)
klauny (derogatory nominative plural)
klauna (genitive singular)
klaunów (genitive plural)
klaunowi (dative singular)
klaunom (dative plural)
klauna (accusative singular)
klaunów (accusative plural)
klaunem (instrumental singular)
klaunami (instrumental plural)
klaunie (locative singular)
klaunach (locative plural)
klaunie (singular vocative)
klauni (plural vocative)

(comedy) clown (performance artist working in a circus)


suita

suita (nominative singular)
suity (nominative plural)
suity (genitive singular)
suit (genitive plural)
suicie (dative singular)
suitom (dative plural)
suitę (accusative singular)
suity (accusative plural)
suitą (instrumental singular)
suitami (instrumental plural)
suicie (locative singular)
suitach (locative plural)
suito (singular vocative)
suity (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French suite. Doublet of świta.

(theater) suite (spectacle comprising distinct scenes or stage forms)


osoba

osóbka (diminutive)
osoba (nominative singular)
osoby (nominative plural)
osoby (genitive singular)
osób (genitive plural)
osobie (dative singular)
osobom (dative plural)
osobę (accusative singular)
osoby (accusative plural)
osobą (instrumental singular)
osobami (instrumental plural)
osobie (locative singular)
osobach (locative plural)
osobo (singular vocative)
osoby (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, theater) character in a play

→ (narratology) character in any work [with genitive ‘of what’]


chór

pl-noun

chór m inan (diminutive chórek, related adjective chóralny or chórowy)

chórek (diminutive)
chóralny (adjective)
chórowy (adjective)
chór (nominative singular)
chóry (nominative plural)
chóru (genitive singular)
chórów (genitive plural)
chórowi (dative singular)
chórom (dative plural)
chór (accusative singular)
chóry (accusative plural)
chórem (instrumental singular)
chórami (instrumental plural)
chórze (locative singular)
chórach (locative plural)
chórze (singular vocative)
chóry (plural vocative)

(countable, Ancient Greece, historical, theater) chorus (group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song)

(countable, Ancient Greece, historical, theater) chorus (song performed by the singers of such a group)


protagonista

protagonista m pers (female equivalent protagonistka)

protagonistka (feminine)
protagonista (nominative singular)
protagoniści (nominative plural)
protagonisty (derogatory nominative plural)
protagonisty (genitive singular)
protagonistów (genitive plural)
protagoniście (dative singular)
protagonistom (dative plural)
protagonistę (accusative singular)
protagonistów (accusative plural)
protagonistą (instrumental singular)
protagonistami (instrumental plural)
protagoniście (locative singular)
protagonistach (locative plural)
protagonisto (singular vocative)
protagoniści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French protagoniste, from Ancient Greek πρωταγωνιστής (prōtagōnistḗs).

der

πρωταγωνιστής

(film, literature, theater) protagonist (main character)


katharsis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).

lbor

(drama) catharsis (release of emotional tension)


ansambl

ansambl (nominative singular)
ansamble (nominative plural)
ansamblu (genitive singular)
ansambli (genitive plural)
ansamblów (genitive plural)
ansamblowi (dative singular)
ansamblom (dative plural)
ansambl (accusative singular)
ansamble (accusative plural)
ansamblem (instrumental singular)
ansamblami (instrumental plural)
ansamblu (locative singular)
ansamblach (locative plural)
ansamblu (singular vocative)
ansamble (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French ensemble, from Latin īnsimul.

(theater) ensemble (a mob scene or crowd scene in a theatrical or opera presentation)


anegdota

anegdotka (diminutive)
anegdota (nominative singular)
anegdoty (nominative plural)
anegdoty (genitive singular)
anegdot (genitive plural)
anegdocie (dative singular)
anegdotom (dative plural)
anegdotę (accusative singular)
anegdoty (accusative plural)
anegdotą (instrumental singular)
anegdotami (instrumental plural)
anegdocie (locative singular)
anegdotach (locative plural)
anegdoto (singular vocative)
anegdoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French anecdote, from Ancient Greek ἀνέκδοτος (anékdotos). First attested in 1791.

ref

Prince August Sułkowski (1791) Sekretna konferencya między ś. p. Xiążęciem S. Woiewodą Poznańskim a Marszałkiem Gurowskim w wieczności (in Polish), page 86


dramaturgia

dramaturgia (nominative singular)
dramaturgii (genitive singular)
dramaturgii (dative singular)
dramaturgię (accusative singular)
dramaturgią (instrumental singular)
dramaturgii (locative singular)
dramaturgio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English dramaturgy, French dramaturgie, German Dramaturgie, ultimately from Ancient Greek δραματουργία (dramatourgía).

der

δραματουργία

dramaturgy, dramatology (study of dramatic composition and the representation of the main elements of drama on the stage)

(film, literature, music, theater) drama (act of building tension in the course of the plot in a literary, theatrical, cinematic, or musical work)

drama (course of events that keeps viewers in suspense)


akt

akcik (diminutive)
akt (nominative singular)
akty (nominative plural)
aktu (genitive singular)
aktów (genitive plural)
aktowi (dative singular)
aktom (dative plural)
akt (accusative singular)
akty (accusative plural)
aktem (instrumental singular)
aktami (instrumental plural)
akcie (locative singular)
aktach (locative plural)
akcie (singular vocative)
akty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin āctus. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from German Akt. First attested in 1529.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “akt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


farsa

pl-noun

farsa f (augmentative farsidło, related adjective farsowy)

farsidło (augmentative)
farsowy (adjective)
farsa (nominative singular)
farsy (nominative plural)
farsy (genitive singular)
fars (genitive plural)
farsie (dative singular)
farsom (dative plural)
farsę (accusative singular)
farsy (accusative plural)
farsą (instrumental singular)
farsami (instrumental plural)
farsie (locative singular)
farsach (locative plural)
farso (singular vocative)
farsy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French farce. Doublet of farsz.

(theater) farce (style of humor marked by broad improbabilities with little regard to regularity or method)

(theater) farce (motion picture or play featuring this style of humor)

(colloquial) farce (situation abounding with ludicrous incidents)


ojciec

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

ojczulek (diminutive)
ojczysko (augmentative)
o. (abbreviation)
oo. (abbreviation)
ojciec (nominative singular)
ojcowie (nominative plural)
ojce (derogatory nominative plural)
ojca (genitive singular)
ojców (genitive plural)
ojcu (dative singular)
ojcom (dative plural)
ojca (accusative singular)
ojców (accusative plural)
ojcem (instrumental singular)
ojcami (instrumental plural)
ojcu (locative singular)
ojcach (locative plural)
ojcze (singular vocative)
ojcowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą


akcja

akcyjny (adjective)
akcja (nominative singular)
akcje (nominative plural)
akcji (genitive singular)
akcji (genitive plural)
akcyj (archaic genitive plural)
akcji (dative singular)
akcjom (dative plural)
akcję (accusative singular)
akcje (accusative plural)
akcją (instrumental singular)
akcjami (instrumental plural)
akcji (locative singular)
akcjach (locative plural)
akcjo (singular vocative)
akcje (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: akcjô

Learned borrowing from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”). Sense 1 and sense 6 are semantic loans from German Aktion or French action. First attested in 1553.

sl

akcja sceniczna

akcja dramatyczna

gra akcji

akcja sztuki

film akcji

akcja filmu

(film, literature, theater, video games) action (fast-paced activity especially in literature, play acting, or film)


sztuka

pl-noun

sztuka f (diminutive sztuczka, abbreviation szt.)

sztuczka (diminutive)
szt. (abbreviation)
sztuka (nominative singular)
sztuki (nominative plural)
sztuki (genitive singular)
sztuk (genitive plural)
sztuce (dative singular)
sztukom (dative plural)
sztukę (accusative singular)
sztuki (accusative plural)
sztuką (instrumental singular)
sztukami (instrumental plural)
sztuce (locative singular)
sztukach (locative plural)
sztuko (singular vocative)
sztuki (plural vocative)

→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)

Inherited from Old Polish sztuka. Sense 1 was derived from sense 12. Doublet of stiuk.

play (theatrical piece featuring actors)

play (single performance of such a piece)


bohater

bohater m pers (female equivalent bohaterka)

bohaterka (feminine)
bohater (nominative singular)
bohaterowie (nominative plural)
bohaterzy (nominative plural)
bohatera (genitive singular)
bohaterów (genitive plural)
bohaterowi (dative singular)
bohaterom (dative plural)
bohatera (accusative singular)
bohaterów (accusative plural)
bohaterem (instrumental singular)
bohaterami (instrumental plural)
bohaterze (locative singular)
bohaterach (locative plural)
bohaterze (singular vocative)
bohaterowie (plural vocative)
bohaterzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic богатꙑрь (bogatyrĭ), from a Turkic language. First attested in 1606. Doublet of bogatyr. Compare Kyrgyz баатыр (baatır), Mongolian баатар (baatar) and Persian بهادر (bahâdor).

główny bohater

tytułowy bohater

filmowy bohater

bohater literacki

pierwszoplanowy bohater

telewizyjny bohater

bohater baśni

bohater dramatu

bohater powieści

bohater utworu

bohater filmu

bohater książki

bohater epopei/eposu

bohater serialu

dzieje bohatera

losy bohatera

przygody bohatera

śledzić losy bohaterów

(film, literature, narratology) character, protagonist


antagonista

antagonista m pers (female equivalent antagonistka)

antagonistka (feminine)
antagonista (nominative singular)
antagoniści (nominative plural)
antagonisty (derogatory nominative plural)
antagonisty (genitive singular)
antagonistów (genitive plural)
antagoniście (dative singular)
antagonistom (dative plural)
antagonistę (accusative singular)
antagonistów (accusative plural)
antagonistą (instrumental singular)
antagonistami (instrumental plural)
antagoniście (locative singular)
antagonistach (locative plural)
antagonisto (singular vocative)
antagoniści (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antagoniste, from Latin antagōnista, from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs).

der

ἀνταγωνιστής

(film, literature, theater) antagonist (main opponent)


miniatura

pl-noun

miniatura f (diminutive miniaturka, related adjective miniaturowy)

miniaturka (diminutive)
miniaturowy (adjective)
miniatura (nominative singular)
miniatury (nominative plural)
miniatury (genitive singular)
miniatur (genitive plural)
miniaturze (dative singular)
miniaturom (dative plural)
miniaturę (accusative singular)
miniatury (accusative plural)
miniaturą (instrumental singular)
miniaturami (instrumental plural)
miniaturze (locative singular)
miniaturach (locative plural)
miniaturo (singular vocative)
miniatury (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, theater) miniature (composition which is short in duration)


zmiana

zmiana (nominative singular)
zmiany (nominative plural)
zmiany (genitive singular)
zmian (genitive plural)
zmianie (dative singular)
zmianom (dative plural)
zmianę (accusative singular)
zmiany (accusative plural)
zmianą (instrumental singular)
zmianami (instrumental plural)
zmianie (locative singular)
zmianach (locative plural)
zmiano (singular vocative)
zmiany (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)


sytuacja

sytuacja (nominative singular)
sytuacje (nominative plural)
sytuacji (genitive singular)
sytuacji (genitive plural)
sytuacyj (archaic genitive plural)
sytuacji (dative singular)
sytuacjom (dative plural)
sytuację (accusative singular)
sytuacje (accusative plural)
sytuacją (instrumental singular)
sytuacjami (instrumental plural)
sytuacji (locative singular)
sytuacjach (locative plural)
sytuacjo (singular vocative)
sytuacje (plural vocative)

Kashubian: sytuacjô

Borrowed from French situation. By surface analysis, sytuować + -cja. First attested in 1665–1683.

Jan III Sobieski ((Can we date this quote?)) Listy do Marysieńki, (1665 - 1683) (in Polish), published 1962, page 578: “Przed wczorem widzieliśmy paszów dwóch, alepskiego i nikopolskiego, wychodzących z ludźmi swymi, których było pewnie do obrony najmniej cztery tysiące; zamku zaś sytuacja tak mocna, że to cud nad cudami, że się ci ludzie poddali.”

situation (combination of circumstances at a given moment) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]

fragment of action, especially in a play or movie


jaskółka

jaskółeczka (diminutive)
jaskółka (nominative singular)
jaskółki (nominative plural)
jaskółki (genitive singular)
jaskółek (genitive plural)
jaskółce (dative singular)
jaskółkom (dative plural)
jaskółkę (accusative singular)
jaskółki (accusative plural)
jaskółką (instrumental singular)
jaskółkami (instrumental plural)
jaskółce (locative singular)
jaskółkach (locative plural)
jaskółko (singular vocative)
jaskółki (plural vocative)

(architecture, obsolete, theater) gods, paradise (the upper gallery in a theatre)


postać

postaciowy (adjective)
postać (nominative singular)
postacie (nominative plural)
postaci (nominative plural)
postaci (genitive singular)
postaci (genitive plural)
postaci (dative singular)
postaciom (dative plural)
postać (accusative singular)
postacie (accusative plural)
postaci (accusative plural)
postacią (instrumental singular)
postaciami (instrumental plural)
postaci (locative singular)
postaciach (locative plural)
postaci (singular vocative)
postacie (plural vocative)
postaci (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish postać (noun). Compare Russian стать (statʹ) (noun), Ukrainian стать (statʹ) and постать (postatʹ).

Near-synonym: figura

(narratology) character (agent within a story)


numer

pl-noun

numer m inan (diminutive numerek, related adjective numerowy, abbreviation nr)

numerek (diminutive)
numerowy (adjective)
nr (abbreviation)
numer (nominative singular)
numery (nominative plural)
numeru (genitive singular)
numerów (genitive plural)
numerowi (dative singular)
numerom (dative plural)
numer (accusative singular)
numery (accusative plural)
numerem (instrumental singular)
numerami (instrumental plural)
numerze (locative singular)
numerach (locative plural)
numerze (singular vocative)
numery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Nummer. First attested in 1772.

ref

Aleksandra Wieczorek (23.04.2021) “NUMER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

number (anything marked in such a sequence)

(colloquial) quickie (sexual intercourse in a hurry and in a place not intended for this purpose, especially with a prostitute)


partia

partyjka (diminutive)
partia (nominative singular)
partie (nominative plural)
partii (genitive singular)
partii (genitive plural)
partyj (archaic genitive plural)
partii (dative singular)
partiom (dative plural)
partię (accusative singular)
partie (accusative plural)
partią (instrumental singular)
partiami (instrumental plural)
partii (locative singular)
partiach (locative plural)
partio (singular vocative)
partie (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: partiô

Borrowed from French partie. First attested in the second half of the 17th century.

ref

Paweł Kupiszewski (14.11.2016) “PARTYJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “partia”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

(games) match, game (particular instance of playing a game)


sprawa

pl-noun

sprawa f (diminutive sprawka, augmentative sprawina)

sprawka (diminutive)
sprawina (augmentative)
sprawa (nominative singular)
sprawy (nominative plural)
sprawy (genitive singular)
spraw (genitive plural)
sprawie (dative singular)
sprawom (dative plural)
sprawę (accusative singular)
sprawy (accusative plural)
sprawą (instrumental singular)
sprawami (instrumental plural)
sprawie (locative singular)
sprawach (locative plural)
sprawo (singular vocative)
sprawy (plural vocative)

→ Slovincian: sprawa

Inherited from Old Polish sprawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from sprawić.
Cognates
East Slavic cognates include Belarusian спра́ва (správa), Russian спра́ва (správa), and Ukrainian спра́ва (správa).
South Slavic cognates include Serbo-Croatian sprȁva/спра̏ва and Macedonian справа (sprava).
Western Slavic cognates include Kashubian sprawa, Silesian sprawa, Czech správa, and Slovak správa.

surf

Sprawa IV złożona z 6 części, czyli scen.

1841, Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, Teatr starożytny w Polsce Kazimiérza Władysława Wojcickiego, volume 1, page 290:

Act 4 composed of 6 parts, in other words scenes.

W bibliotece kórnickiej jest broszura ćwiartkowa […] obejmująca dialog podzielony na sprawy (akty).

1851-1852, Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 3, pages 1, 17:

In the Kórnik library there is a quarter broshure […] containing dialog divided into acts (acts).

(obsolete, theater) act (division of a theatrical performance)


żart

żarcik (diminutive)
żart (nominative singular)
żarty (nominative plural)
żartu (genitive singular)
żartów (genitive plural)
żartowi (dative singular)
żartom (dative plural)
żart (accusative singular)
żarty (accusative plural)
żartem (instrumental singular)
żartami (instrumental plural)
żarcie (locative singular)
żartach (locative plural)
żarcie (singular vocative)
żarty (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: жарт (žart)

→ Ukrainian: жарт (žart)

Deverbal from żartować. Compare Slovak žart, Czech žert.


przedstawienie

przedstawienie (nominative singular)
przedstawienia (nominative plural)
przedstawienia (genitive singular)
przedstawień (genitive plural)
przedstawieniu (dative singular)
przedstawieniom (dative plural)
przedstawienie (accusative singular)
przedstawienia (accusative plural)
przedstawieniem (instrumental singular)
przedstawieniami (instrumental plural)
przedstawieniu (locative singular)
przedstawieniach (locative plural)
przedstawienie (singular vocative)
przedstawienia (plural vocative)

(countable, ballet, opera, theater) performance


próba

próba (nominative singular)
próby (nominative plural)
próby (genitive singular)
prób (genitive plural)
próbie (dative singular)
próbom (dative plural)
próbę (accusative singular)
próby (accusative plural)
próbą (instrumental singular)
próbami (instrumental plural)
próbie (locative singular)
próbach (locative plural)
próbo (singular vocative)
próby (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: próba

→ Slovincian: próba

Borrowed from German Probe. First attested in the 16th century. Cognate with English proof, probe.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “próba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(theater) rehearsal (practicing of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done)


spektakl

spektakl (nominative singular)
spektakle (nominative plural)
spektaklu (genitive singular)
spektakli (genitive plural)
spektaklowi (dative singular)
spektaklom (dative plural)
spektakl (accusative singular)
spektakle (accusative plural)
spektaklem (instrumental singular)
spektaklami (instrumental plural)
spektaklu (locative singular)
spektaklach (locative plural)
spektaklu (singular vocative)
spektakle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French spectacle, from Latin spectāculum.

(theater) spectacle (theatrical performance)


animacja

animacja (nominative singular)
animacje (nominative plural)
animacji (genitive singular)
animacji (genitive plural)
animacyj (archaic genitive plural)
animacji (dative singular)
animacjom (dative plural)
animację (accusative singular)
animacje (accusative plural)
animacją (instrumental singular)
animacjami (instrumental plural)
animacji (locative singular)
animacjach (locative plural)
animacjo (singular vocative)
animacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin animātiō. First attested in 1690.

Krystyna Siekierska (24.01.2020) “ANIMACJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(theater) puppeteering (act of moving puppets in a puppet show)


wątek

wątek (nominative singular)
wątki (nominative plural)
wątku (genitive singular)
wątków (genitive plural)
wątkowi (dative singular)
wątkom (dative plural)
wątek (accusative singular)
wątki (accusative plural)
wątkiem (instrumental singular)
wątkami (instrumental plural)
wątku (locative singular)
wątkach (locative plural)
wątku (singular vocative)
wątki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wątek, from Proto-Slavic *ǫtъkъ.

(narratology) subplot (separate chain of events within a plot of the story)


premiera

pl-noun

premiera f (related adjective premierowy)

premierowy (adjective)
premiera (nominative singular)
premiery (nominative plural)
premiery (genitive singular)
premier (genitive plural)
premierze (dative singular)
premierom (dative plural)
premierę (accusative singular)
premiery (accusative plural)
premierą (instrumental singular)
premierami (instrumental plural)
premierze (locative singular)
premierach (locative plural)
premiero (singular vocative)
premiery (plural vocative)

(film, opera, theater) premiere (first showing of a film, play, opera, or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests)


kieszeń

kieszeń f (diminutive kieszonka, related adjective kieszeniowy)

kieszonka (diminutive)
kieszeniowy (adjective)
kieszeń (nominative singular)
kieszenie (nominative plural)
kieszeni (genitive singular)
kieszeni (genitive plural)
kieszeni (dative singular)
kieszeniom (dative plural)
kieszeń (accusative singular)
kieszenie (accusative plural)
kieszenią (instrumental singular)
kieszeniami (instrumental plural)
kieszeni (locative singular)
kieszeniach (locative plural)
kieszeni (singular vocative)
kieszenie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian кішэ́нь (kišénʹ).

bor+

(theater) wing (room next to the theater stage for storing decorations)


prima aprilis

pl-noun

prima aprilis m inan (indeclinable, related adjective primaaprilisowy)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin prīma Aprīlis.

ubor

April Fools' Day, All Fools' Day (the first day in April, when tricks and practical jokes are traditionally played)


producent

pl-noun

producent m pers (female equivalent producentka)

producentka (feminine)
producent (nominative singular)
producenci (nominative plural)
producenty (derogatory nominative plural)
producenta (genitive singular)
producentów (genitive plural)
producentowi (dative singular)
producentom (dative plural)
producenta (accusative singular)
producentów (accusative plural)
producentem (instrumental singular)
producentami (instrumental plural)
producencie (locative singular)
producentach (locative plural)
producencie (singular vocative)
producenci (plural vocative)


dramaturg

dramaturg m pers (female equivalent dramaturżka, related adjective dramaturgiczny)

dramaturżka (feminine)
dramaturgiczny (adjective)
dramaturg (nominative singular)
dramaturdzy (nominative plural)
dramaturgowie (nominative plural)
dramaturgi (derogatory nominative plural)
dramaturga (genitive singular)
dramaturgów (genitive plural)
dramaturgowi (dative singular)
dramaturgom (dative plural)
dramaturga (accusative singular)
dramaturgów (accusative plural)
dramaturgiem (instrumental singular)
dramaturgami (instrumental plural)
dramaturgu (locative singular)
dramaturgach (locative plural)
dramaturgu (singular vocative)
dramaturdzy (plural vocative)
dramaturgowie (plural vocative)
dramaturgi (derogatory plural vocative)

playwright, stagewright (writer and creator of theatrical plays)


teatr

teatr m inan (diminutive teatrzyk, related adjective teatralny)

teatrzyk (diminutive)
teatralny (adjective)
teatr (nominative singular)
teatry (nominative plural)
teatru (genitive singular)
teatrów (genitive plural)
teatrowi (dative singular)
teatrom (dative plural)
teatr (accusative singular)
teatry (accusative plural)
teatrem (instrumental singular)
teatrami (instrumental plural)
teatrze (locative singular)
teatrach (locative plural)
teatrze (singular vocative)
teatry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French théâtre. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Kashubian teater /téater and Silesian tyjater.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “teatr”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable) theater (audience attending a performance)


metabola

metabola (nominative singular)
metaboli (genitive singular)
metaboli (dative singular)
metabolę (accusative singular)
metabolą (instrumental singular)
metaboli (locative singular)
metabolo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ).

lbor

(narratology) a sudden change in character or plot


bohaterski

pl-adj

bohaterski (comparative bardziej bohaterski, superlative najbardziej bohaterski, derived adverb bohatersko)

bardziej bohaterski (comparative)
najbardziej bohaterski (superlative)
bohaterski (masculine nominative singular)
bohaterska (feminine nominative singular)
bohaterskie (neuter nominative singular)
bohaterscy (nominative plural virile)
bohaterskie (nominative plural)
bohaterskiego (genitive masculine singular)
bohaterskiej (feminine genitive singular)
bohaterskiego (genitive neuter singular)
bohaterskich (genitive plural)
bohaterskich (genitive plural virile)
bohaterskiemu (dative masculine singular)
bohatersku (archaic dative masculine singular)
bohaterskiej (dative feminine singular)
bohaterskiemu (dative neuter singular)
bohatersku (archaic dative neuter singular)
bohaterskim (dative plural)
bohaterskim (dative plural virile)
bohaterskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
bohaterski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
bohaterską (accusative feminine singular)
bohaterskie (accusative neuter singular)
bohaterskich (accusative plural virile)
bohaterskie (accusative plural)
bohaterskim (instrumental masculine singular)
bohaterską (feminine instrumental singular)
bohaterskim (instrumental neuter singular)
bohaterskimi (instrumental plural)
bohaterskimi (instrumental plural virile)
bohaterskim (locative masculine singular)
bohaterskiej (feminine locative singular)
bohaterskim (locative neuter singular)
bohaterskich (locative plural)
bohaterskich (locative plural virile)

From bohater + -ski. First attested in the middle of the 17th century.

etydate

(film, literature, narratology, relational) hero; heroic


sufler

pl-noun

sufler m pers (female equivalent suflerka, related adjective suflerski)

suflerka (feminine)
suflerski (adjective)
sufler (nominative singular)
suflerzy (nominative plural)
suflery (derogatory nominative plural)
suflera (genitive singular)
suflerów (genitive plural)
suflerowi (dative singular)
suflerom (dative plural)
suflera (accusative singular)
suflerów (accusative plural)
suflerem (instrumental singular)
suflerami (instrumental plural)
suflerze (locative singular)
suflerach (locative plural)
suflerze (singular vocative)
suflerzy (plural vocative)

(theater) prompter (person who prompts or cues actors when they forget their lines or neglect to move on the stage to where they are supposed to be situated)


greps

greps (nominative singular)
grepsy (nominative plural)
grepsu (genitive singular)
grepsów (genitive plural)
grepsowi (dative singular)
grepsom (dative plural)
greps (accusative singular)
grepsy (accusative plural)
grepsem (instrumental singular)
grepsami (instrumental plural)
grepsie (locative singular)
grepsach (locative plural)
grepsie (singular vocative)
grepsy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) gag (unsophisticated comedy gimmick in a movie or play)


amfiteatr

amfiteatr (nominative singular)
amfiteatry (nominative plural)
amfiteatru (genitive singular)
amfiteatrów (genitive plural)
amfiteatrowi (dative singular)
amfiteatrom (dative plural)
amfiteatr (accusative singular)
amfiteatry (accusative plural)
amfiteatrem (instrumental singular)
amfiteatrami (instrumental plural)
amfiteatrze (locative singular)
amfiteatrach (locative plural)
amfiteatrze (singular vocative)
amfiteatry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amphitheātrum, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιθέᾱτρον (amphithéātron). By surface analysis, amfi- + teatr. First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “amfiteatrum”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(architecture, theater) amphitheatre, amphitheater


dowcip

dowcipek (diminutive)
dowcip (nominative singular)
dowcipy (nominative plural)
dowcipu (genitive singular)
dowcipów (genitive plural)
dowcipowi (dative singular)
dowcipom (dative plural)
dowcip (accusative singular)
dowcipy (accusative plural)
dowcipem (instrumental singular)
dowcipami (instrumental plural)
dowcipie (locative singular)
dowcipach (locative plural)
dowcipie (singular vocative)
dowcipy (plural vocative)


Święty Mikołaj

Święty Mikołaj (nominative singular)
Świętego Mikołaja (genitive singular)
Świętemu Mikołajowi (dative singular)
Świętego Mikołaja (accusative singular)
Świętym Mikołajem (instrumental singular)
Świętym Mikołaju (locative singular)
Święty Mikołaju (singular vocative)

(folklore) Saint Nicholas, Santa Claus (fictional figure)


pointa

pointa (nominative singular)
pointy (nominative plural)
pointy (genitive singular)
point (genitive plural)
poincie (dative singular)
pointom (dative plural)
pointę (accusative singular)
pointy (accusative plural)
pointą (instrumental singular)
pointami (instrumental plural)
poincie (locative singular)
pointach (locative plural)
pointo (singular vocative)
pointy (plural vocative)


charakter

pl-noun

charakter m inan (related adjective charakterowy)

charakterowy (adjective)
charakter (nominative singular)
charaktery (nominative plural)
charakteru (genitive singular)
charakterów (genitive plural)
charakterowi (dative singular)
charakterom (dative plural)
charakter (accusative singular)
charaktery (accusative plural)
charakterem (instrumental singular)
charakterami (instrumental plural)
charakterze (locative singular)
charakterach (locative plural)
charakterze (singular vocative)
charaktery (plural vocative)
charakter (nominative singular)
charaktry (nominative plural)
charaktru (genitive singular)
charaktrów (genitive plural)
charaktrowi (dative singular)
charaktrom (dative plural)
charakter (accusative singular)
charaktry (accusative plural)
charaktrem (instrumental singular)
charaktrami (instrumental plural)
charaktrze (locative singular)
charaktrach (locative plural)
charaktrze (singular vocative)
charaktry (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: charakter

→ Russian: хара́ктер (xarákter)

desc

→ Silesian: karakter (through Middle Polish "karakter")

Learned borrowing from Latin charactē̆r. First attested in 1557. Compare Czech charakter and Slovak charakter.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “karakter, charakter”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(narratology) character (being that can act in a work of fiction)


suchar

suchar (nominative singular)
suchary (nominative plural)
suchara (genitive singular)
sucharów (genitive plural)
sucharowi (dative singular)
sucharom (dative plural)
suchar (accusative singular)
suchary (accusative plural)
sucharem (instrumental singular)
sucharami (instrumental plural)
sucharze (locative singular)
sucharach (locative plural)
sucharze (singular vocative)
suchary (plural vocative)

(colloquial) dad joke, groaner, unfunny joke


dramat

dramat (nominative singular)
dramaty (nominative plural)
dramatu (genitive singular)
dramatów (genitive plural)
dramatowi (dative singular)
dramatom (dative plural)
dramat (accusative singular)
dramaty (accusative plural)
dramatem (instrumental singular)
dramatami (instrumental plural)
dramacie (locative singular)
dramatach (locative plural)
dramacie (singular vocative)
dramaty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin drāmatis, genitive singular of Latin drāma, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma). Doublet of drama.

lbor

(drama) drama (composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue)


lalka

laleczka (diminutive)
lalka (nominative singular)
lalki (nominative plural)
lalki (genitive singular)
lalek (genitive plural)
lalce (dative singular)
lalkom (dative plural)
lalkę (accusative singular)
lalki (accusative plural)
lalką (instrumental singular)
lalkami (instrumental plural)
lalce (locative singular)
lalkach (locative plural)
lalko (singular vocative)
lalki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ля́лька (ljálʹka)

desctree

→ Ukrainian: ля́лька (ljálʹka)
→ Russian: ля́лька (ljálʹka)

puppet (any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove)

(colloquial, derogatory) Barbie, bimbo (physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence)


wystawa

wystawowy (adjective)
wystawa (nominative singular)
wystawy (nominative plural)
wystawy (genitive singular)
wystaw (genitive plural)
wystawie (dative singular)
wystawom (dative plural)
wystawę (accusative singular)
wystawy (accusative plural)
wystawą (instrumental singular)
wystawami (instrumental plural)
wystawie (locative singular)
wystawach (locative plural)
wystawo (singular vocative)
wystawy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from wystawić. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech výstava, Kashubian wëstawa, Silesian wystawa, and Ukrainian виста́ва (vystáva).

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wystawa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, theater) display; setting (manner of presenting a play)


kawał

pl-noun

kawał m inan (diminutive kawałek or kawalik)

kawałek (diminutive)
kawalik (diminutive)
kawał (nominative singular)
kawały (nominative plural)
kawału (genitive singular)
kawałów (genitive plural)
kawałowi (dative singular)
kawałom (dative plural)
kawał (accusative singular)
kawały (accusative plural)
kawałem (instrumental singular)
kawałami (instrumental plural)
kawale (locative singular)
kawałach (locative plural)
kawale (singular vocative)
kawały (plural vocative)


cyrk

cyrk (nominative singular)
cyrki (nominative plural)
cyrku (genitive singular)
cyrków (genitive plural)
cyrkowi (dative singular)
cyrkom (dative plural)
cyrk (accusative singular)
cyrki (accusative plural)
cyrkiem (instrumental singular)
cyrkami (instrumental plural)
cyrku (locative singular)
cyrkach (locative plural)
cyrku (singular vocative)
cyrki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English circus, French cirque, German Zirkus, ultimately from Latin circus, from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos). Doublet of kark.


copypasta

copypasta (nominative singular)
copypasty (nominative plural)
copypasty (genitive singular)
copypast (genitive plural)
copypaście (dative singular)
copypastom (dative plural)
copypastę (accusative singular)
copypasty (accusative plural)
copypastą (instrumental singular)
copypastami (instrumental plural)
copypaście (locative singular)
copypastach (locative plural)
copypasto (singular vocative)
copypasty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English copypasta.

ubor

(Internet slang) copypasta (block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else)


klown

klown (nominative singular)
klowni (nominative plural)
klowny (derogatory nominative plural)
klowna (genitive singular)
klownów (genitive plural)
klownowi (dative singular)
klownom (dative plural)
klowna (accusative singular)
klownów (accusative plural)
klownem (instrumental singular)
klownami (instrumental plural)
klownie (locative singular)
klownach (locative plural)
klownie (singular vocative)
klowni (plural vocative)


kabaret

kabaret (nominative singular)
kabarety (nominative plural)
kabaretu (genitive singular)
kabaretów (genitive plural)
kabaretowi (dative singular)
kabaretom (dative plural)
kabaret (accusative singular)
kabarety (accusative plural)
kabaretem (instrumental singular)
kabaretami (instrumental plural)
kabarecie (locative singular)
kabaretach (locative plural)
kabarecie (singular vocative)
kabarety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kabarett, from French cabaret, from Middle French cabaret, from Middle Dutch cambret, from Old Northern French camberete and Old Picard camberet (“little room”), diminutive of cambre (“chamber”), from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”).


śmieszny

pl-adj

śmieszny (comparative śmieszniejszy, superlative najśmieszniejszy, derived adverb śmiesznie)

śmieszniejszy (comparative)
najśmieszniejszy (superlative)
śmieszny (masculine nominative singular)
śmieszna (feminine nominative singular)
śmieszne (neuter nominative singular)
śmieszni (nominative plural virile)
śmieszne (nominative plural)
śmiesznego (genitive masculine singular)
śmiesznej (feminine genitive singular)
śmiesznego (genitive neuter singular)
śmiesznych (genitive plural)
śmiesznych (genitive plural virile)
śmiesznemu (dative masculine singular)
śmiesznej (dative feminine singular)
śmiesznemu (dative neuter singular)
śmiesznym (dative plural)
śmiesznym (dative plural virile)
śmiesznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
śmieszny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
śmieszną (accusative feminine singular)
śmieszne (accusative neuter singular)
śmiesznych (accusative plural virile)
śmieszne (accusative plural)
śmiesznym (instrumental masculine singular)
śmieszną (feminine instrumental singular)
śmiesznym (instrumental neuter singular)
śmiesznymi (instrumental plural)
śmiesznymi (instrumental plural virile)
śmiesznym (locative masculine singular)
śmiesznej (feminine locative singular)
śmiesznym (locative neuter singular)
śmiesznych (locative plural)
śmiesznych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish śmieszny, from Proto-Slavic *směšьnъ.


filut

pl-noun

filut m pers (female equivalent filutka)

filutka (feminine)
filut (nominative singular)
filuci (nominative plural)
filuty (derogatory nominative plural)
filuta (genitive singular)
filutów (genitive plural)
filutowi (dative singular)
filutom (dative plural)
filuta (accusative singular)
filutów (accusative plural)
filutem (instrumental singular)
filutami (instrumental plural)
filucie (locative singular)
filutach (locative plural)
filucie (singular vocative)
filuci (plural vocative)


klimaks

klimaks (nominative singular)
klimaksy (nominative plural)
klimaksu (genitive singular)
klimaksów (genitive plural)
klimaksowi (dative singular)
klimaksom (dative plural)
klimaks (accusative singular)
klimaksy (accusative plural)
klimaksem (instrumental singular)
klimaksami (instrumental plural)
klimaksie (locative singular)
klimaksach (locative plural)
klimaksie (singular vocative)
klimaksy (plural vocative)

(narratology) climax (the culmination of a narrative's rising action, the turning point)


happy end

happy end (nominative singular)
happy endy (nominative plural)
happy endu (genitive singular)
happy endów (genitive plural)
happy endowi (dative singular)
happy endom (dative plural)
happy end (accusative singular)
happy endy (accusative plural)
happy endem (instrumental singular)
happy endami (instrumental plural)
happy endzie (locative singular)
happy endach (locative plural)
happy endzie (singular vocative)
happy endy (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from happy ending.

pseudo-loan

(film, literature, theater) happy ending (clichéd conclusion in which all loose ends are tied up and all main characters are content)


intermedium

intermedium (nominative singular)
intermedia (nominative plural)
intermedium (genitive singular)
intermediów (genitive plural)
intermedium (dative singular)
intermediom (dative plural)
intermedium (accusative singular)
intermedia (accusative plural)
intermedium (instrumental singular)
intermediami (instrumental plural)
intermedium (locative singular)
intermediach (locative plural)
intermedium (singular vocative)
intermedia (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin intermedium.

lbor

(music, opera, theater) interlude (short piece put between the parts of a longer composition)

(historical, medieval theater) interlude (comic interlude between the parts of the show concerning religious matters)

(music, opera) interlude (musical interlude of a cheerful character, performed between acts of a play or opera)

(music, opera) intermezzo (short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle)


rozwiązanie

pl-noun

rozwiązanie n (related adjective rozwiązaniowy)

rozwiązaniowy (adjective)
rozwiązanie (nominative singular)
rozwiązania (nominative plural)
rozwiązania (genitive singular)
rozwiązań (genitive plural)
rozwiązaniu (dative singular)
rozwiązaniom (dative plural)
rozwiązanie (accusative singular)
rozwiązania (accusative plural)
rozwiązaniem (instrumental singular)
rozwiązaniami (instrumental plural)
rozwiązaniu (locative singular)
rozwiązaniach (locative plural)
rozwiązanie (singular vocative)
rozwiązania (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rozwiązanie. By surface analysis, rozwiązać + -anie. Compare Kashubian rozwiązanié.

(countable, narratology) resolution (moment in which the conflict ends and the outcome of the action is clear) [with genitive ‘to what’]


żartować

zażartować (perfective)
żartować (infinitive)
żartuję (present singular)
żartujemy (plural present)
żartujesz (present singular)
żartujecie (plural present)
żartuje (present singular third-person)
żartują (plural present third-person)
żartuje się (impersonal present)
żartowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m żartował (masculine past singular)
żartowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m żartowała (feminine past singular)
żartowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m żartowało (neuter past singular)
żartowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy żartowali (past plural virile)
żartowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy żartowały (nonvirile past plural)
żartowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś żartował (masculine past singular)
żartowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś żartowała (feminine past singular)
żartowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś żartowało (neuter past singular)
żartowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście żartowali (past plural virile)
żartowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście żartowały (nonvirile past plural)
żartował (masculine past singular third-person)
żartowała (feminine past singular third-person)
żartowało (neuter past singular third-person)
żartowali (past plural third-person virile)
żartowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
żartowano (impersonal past)
będę żartował (future masculine singular)
będę żartować (future masculine singular)
będę żartowała (feminine future singular)
będę żartować (feminine future singular)
będę żartowało (future neuter singular)
będę żartować (future neuter singular)
będziemy żartowali (future plural virile)
będziemy żartować (future plural virile)
będziemy żartowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy żartować (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz żartował (future masculine singular)
będziesz żartować (future masculine singular)
będziesz żartowała (feminine future singular)
będziesz żartować (feminine future singular)
będziesz żartowało (future neuter singular)
będziesz żartować (future neuter singular)
będziecie żartowali (future plural virile)
będziecie żartować (future plural virile)
będziecie żartowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie żartować (future nonvirile plural)
będzie żartował (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie żartować (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie żartowała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie żartować (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie żartowało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie żartować (future neuter singular third-person)
będą żartowali (future plural third-person virile)
będą żartować (future plural third-person virile)
będą żartowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą żartować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie żartować się (future impersonal)
żartowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym żartował (conditional masculine singular)
żartowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym żartowała (conditional feminine singular)
żartowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym żartowało (conditional neuter singular)
żartowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy żartowali (conditional plural virile)
żartowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy żartowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
żartowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś żartował (conditional masculine singular)
żartowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś żartowała (conditional feminine singular)
żartowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś żartowało (conditional neuter singular)
żartowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście żartowali (conditional plural virile)
żartowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście żartowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
żartowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by żartował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
żartowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by żartowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
żartowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by żartowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
żartowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by żartowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
żartowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by żartowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
żartowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech żartuję (imperative singular)
żartujmy (imperative plural)
żartuj (imperative singular)
żartujcie (imperative plural)
niech żartuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech żartują (imperative plural third-person)
żartujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
żartująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
żartujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
żartujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
żartujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
żartując (adjectival contemporary participle)
żartowanie (noun-from-verb)

Adapted borrowing of Middle High German serten + -ować. Compare Slovak žartovať, Czech žertovat, Ukrainian жартувати (žartuvaty).

af

(intransitive) to mess with, to put on, to have on [with z (+ genitive) ‘someone’]


finał

pl-noun

finał m inan (related adjective finałowy)

finałowy (adjective)
finał (nominative singular)
finały (nominative plural)
finału (genitive singular)
finałów (genitive plural)
finałowi (dative singular)
finałom (dative plural)
finał (accusative singular)
finały (accusative plural)
finałem (instrumental singular)
finałami (instrumental plural)
finale (locative singular)
finałach (locative plural)
finale (singular vocative)
finały (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English final, French finale, German Finale, ultimately from Italian finale, from Late Latin fīnālis.

(opera) finale (end of the entire opera or one of its acts)


alegoria

alegoryjka (diminutive)
alegoria (nominative singular)
alegorie (nominative plural)
alegorii (genitive singular)
alegorii (genitive plural)
alegoryj (archaic genitive plural)
alegorii (dative singular)
alegoriom (dative plural)
alegorię (accusative singular)
alegorie (accusative plural)
alegorią (instrumental singular)
alegoriami (instrumental plural)
alegorii (locative singular)
alegoriach (locative plural)
alegorio (singular vocative)
alegorie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin allēgoria, from Ancient Greek ἀλληγορία (allēgoría). First attested in 1583.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “alegoryja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(narratology, rhetoric) allegory (narrative in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences)


burleska

burleska (nominative singular)
burleski (nominative plural)
burleski (genitive singular)
burlesek (genitive plural)
burlesce (dative singular)
burleskom (dative plural)
burleskę (accusative singular)
burleski (accusative plural)
burleską (instrumental singular)
burleskami (instrumental plural)
burlesce (locative singular)
burleskach (locative plural)
burlesko (singular vocative)
burleski (plural vocative)

burlesque (variety adult entertainment show)


dramatycznie

pl-adv

dramatycznie (comparative bardziej dramatycznie, superlative najbardziej dramatycznie)

bardziej dramatycznie (comparative)
najbardziej dramatycznie (superlative)


dramatyczny

pl-adj

dramatyczny (comparative bardziej dramatyczny, superlative najbardziej dramatyczny, derived adverb dramatycznie)

bardziej dramatyczny (comparative)
najbardziej dramatyczny (superlative)
dramatyczny (masculine nominative singular)
dramatyczna (feminine nominative singular)
dramatyczne (neuter nominative singular)
dramatyczni (nominative plural virile)
dramatyczne (nominative plural)
dramatycznego (genitive masculine singular)
dramatycznej (feminine genitive singular)
dramatycznego (genitive neuter singular)
dramatycznych (genitive plural)
dramatycznych (genitive plural virile)
dramatycznemu (dative masculine singular)
dramatycznej (dative feminine singular)
dramatycznemu (dative neuter singular)
dramatycznym (dative plural)
dramatycznym (dative plural virile)
dramatycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
dramatyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
dramatyczną (accusative feminine singular)
dramatyczne (accusative neuter singular)
dramatycznych (accusative plural virile)
dramatyczne (accusative plural)
dramatycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
dramatyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
dramatycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
dramatycznymi (instrumental plural)
dramatycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
dramatycznym (locative masculine singular)
dramatycznej (feminine locative singular)
dramatycznym (locative neuter singular)
dramatycznych (locative plural)
dramatycznych (locative plural virile)

dramatic (striking in appearance or effect)


creepypasta

creepypasta (nominative singular)
creepypasty (nominative plural)
creepypasty (genitive singular)
creepypast (genitive plural)
creepypaście (dative singular)
creepypastom (dative plural)
creepypastę (accusative singular)
creepypasty (accusative plural)
creepypastą (instrumental singular)
creepypastami (instrumental plural)
creepypaście (locative singular)
creepypastach (locative plural)
creepypasto (singular vocative)
creepypasty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English creepypasta.

ubor

(Internet slang) creepypasta (frightening urban legends and short stories circulated on the Internet)


galeria

galeria (nominative singular)
galerie (nominative plural)
galerii (genitive singular)
galerii (genitive plural)
galeryj (archaic genitive plural)
galerii (dative singular)
galeriom (dative plural)
galerię (accusative singular)
galerie (accusative plural)
galerią (instrumental singular)
galeriami (instrumental plural)
galerii (locative singular)
galeriach (locative plural)
galerio (singular vocative)
galerie (plural vocative)

(architecture, theater) gods, paradise (the upper gallery in a theatre)


przypowieść

pl-noun

przypowieść f (diminutive przypowiastka)

przypowiastka (diminutive)
przypowieść (nominative singular)
przypowieści (nominative plural)
przypowieści (genitive singular)
przypowieści (genitive plural)
przypowieści (dative singular)
przypowieściom (dative plural)
przypowieść (accusative singular)
przypowieści (accusative plural)
przypowieścią (instrumental singular)
przypowieściami (instrumental plural)
przypowieści (locative singular)
przypowieściach (locative plural)
przypowieści (singular vocative)
przypowieści (plural vocative)

/pʂɘˈpɔ.vjɛɕt͡ɕ/

/pʂɨˈpɔ.vjɛɕt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish przypowieść. By surface analysis, deverbal from przypowiedzieć.


puenta

puenta (nominative singular)
puenty (nominative plural)
puenty (genitive singular)
puent (genitive plural)
puencie (dative singular)
puentom (dative plural)
puentę (accusative singular)
puenty (accusative plural)
puentą (instrumental singular)
puentami (instrumental plural)
puencie (locative singular)
puentach (locative plural)
puento (singular vocative)
puenty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pointe. Doublet of punkt.

(comedy) punch line (final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners)


wkręt

wkręcik (diminutive)
wkręt (nominative singular)
wkręty (nominative plural)
wkręta (genitive singular)
wkrętu (genitive singular)
wkrętów (genitive plural)
wkrętowi (dative singular)
wkrętom (dative plural)
wkręt (accusative singular)
wkręty (accusative plural)
wkrętem (instrumental singular)
wkrętami (instrumental plural)
wkręcie (locative singular)
wkrętach (locative plural)
wkręcie (singular vocative)
wkręty (plural vocative)

Pamiętasz psa przebranego za pająka? To był wkręt stulecia.

Remember the dog dressed up as a spider? That was the prank of the century.

(slang) a prank that involves deception or misinformation


Polandball

Polandball (nominative singular)
Polandballe (nominative plural)
Polandballa (genitive singular)
Polandballi (genitive plural)
Polandballowi (dative singular)
Polandballom (dative plural)
Polandballa (accusative singular)
Polandballe (accusative plural)
Polandballem (instrumental singular)
Polandballami (instrumental plural)
Polandballu (locative singular)
Polandballach (locative plural)
Polandballu (singular vocative)
Polandballe (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Polandball.

ubor

Polandball (user-generated internet meme, where countries are presented as spherical personas (countryballs) that interact in often broken English, poking fun at national stereotypes and international relations; an individual spherical persona from this)


exodos

exodos (nominative singular)
exodosy (nominative plural)
exodosu (genitive singular)
exodosów (genitive plural)
exodosowi (dative singular)
exodosom (dative plural)
exodos (accusative singular)
exodosy (accusative plural)
exodosem (instrumental singular)
exodosami (instrumental plural)
exodosie (locative singular)
exodosach (locative plural)
exodosie (singular vocative)
exodosy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos). Doublet of exodus.

lbor

(drama, Ancient Greek drama) exodos (final scene or departure in a play, especially a tragedy)


śmieszkować

śmieszkować (infinitive)
śmieszkuję (present singular)
śmieszkujemy (plural present)
śmieszkujesz (present singular)
śmieszkujecie (plural present)
śmieszkuje (present singular third-person)
śmieszkują (plural present third-person)
śmieszkuje się (impersonal present)
śmieszkowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m śmieszkował (masculine past singular)
śmieszkowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m śmieszkowała (feminine past singular)
śmieszkowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m śmieszkowało (neuter past singular)
śmieszkowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy śmieszkowali (past plural virile)
śmieszkowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy śmieszkowały (nonvirile past plural)
śmieszkowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś śmieszkował (masculine past singular)
śmieszkowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś śmieszkowała (feminine past singular)
śmieszkowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś śmieszkowało (neuter past singular)
śmieszkowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście śmieszkowali (past plural virile)
śmieszkowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście śmieszkowały (nonvirile past plural)
śmieszkował (masculine past singular third-person)
śmieszkowała (feminine past singular third-person)
śmieszkowało (neuter past singular third-person)
śmieszkowali (past plural third-person virile)
śmieszkowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
śmieszkowano (impersonal past)
będę śmieszkował (future masculine singular)
będę śmieszkować (future masculine singular)
będę śmieszkowała (feminine future singular)
będę śmieszkować (feminine future singular)
będę śmieszkowało (future neuter singular)
będę śmieszkować (future neuter singular)
będziemy śmieszkowali (future plural virile)
będziemy śmieszkować (future plural virile)
będziemy śmieszkowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy śmieszkować (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz śmieszkował (future masculine singular)
będziesz śmieszkować (future masculine singular)
będziesz śmieszkowała (feminine future singular)
będziesz śmieszkować (feminine future singular)
będziesz śmieszkowało (future neuter singular)
będziesz śmieszkować (future neuter singular)
będziecie śmieszkowali (future plural virile)
będziecie śmieszkować (future plural virile)
będziecie śmieszkowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie śmieszkować (future nonvirile plural)
będzie śmieszkował (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie śmieszkować (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie śmieszkowała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie śmieszkować (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie śmieszkowało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie śmieszkować (future neuter singular third-person)
będą śmieszkowali (future plural third-person virile)
będą śmieszkować (future plural third-person virile)
będą śmieszkowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą śmieszkować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie śmieszkować się (future impersonal)
śmieszkowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym śmieszkował (conditional masculine singular)
śmieszkowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym śmieszkowała (conditional feminine singular)
śmieszkowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym śmieszkowało (conditional neuter singular)
śmieszkowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy śmieszkowali (conditional plural virile)
śmieszkowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy śmieszkowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
śmieszkowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś śmieszkował (conditional masculine singular)
śmieszkowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś śmieszkowała (conditional feminine singular)
śmieszkowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś śmieszkowało (conditional neuter singular)
śmieszkowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście śmieszkowali (conditional plural virile)
śmieszkowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście śmieszkowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
śmieszkowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by śmieszkował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
śmieszkowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by śmieszkowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
śmieszkowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by śmieszkowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
śmieszkowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by śmieszkowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
śmieszkowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by śmieszkowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
śmieszkowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech śmieszkuję (imperative singular)
śmieszkujmy (imperative plural)
śmieszkuj (imperative singular)
śmieszkujcie (imperative plural)
niech śmieszkuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech śmieszkują (imperative plural third-person)
śmieszkujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
śmieszkująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
śmieszkujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
śmieszkujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
śmieszkujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
śmieszkując (adjectival contemporary participle)
śmieszkowanie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive, Internet slang) to have a giggle, to mock, to ridicule


polandball

polandball (nominative singular)
polandballe (nominative plural)
polandballa (genitive singular)
polandballi (genitive plural)
polandballowi (dative singular)
polandballom (dative plural)
polandballa (accusative singular)
polandballe (accusative plural)
polandballem (instrumental singular)
polandballami (instrumental plural)
polandballu (locative singular)
polandballach (locative plural)
polandballu (singular vocative)
polandballe (plural vocative)

Przy DLC powinna byc wersja z polandball i informacja.

2010 January 26, kamil, “Re: pc vs konsole”, in pl.rec.gry.komputerowe (Usenet):

A version with a Polandball and information should come with the DLC.

Te osoby które znają „polandball” powinny wiedzieć o co chodzi.

2013 April 17, Forum Dyskusyjne Królestwa Dreamlandu, “Takie Tam”, in Królestwo Dreamlandu (Usenet):

The people who know “Polandball” should know what I'm talking about.

A nadałoby się to do rysowania komiksów typu polandball i rage?

2014 June 2, J.F., “Re: Tablet graficzny „made in Biedronka” :)”, in pl.rec.foto.cyfrowa (Usenet):

And would it be good for drawing Polandball and rage comics?

Alternative letter-case form of Polandball


kostucha

kostusia (diminutive)
kostucha (nominative singular)
kostuchy (nominative plural)
kostuchy (genitive singular)
kostuch (genitive plural)
kostusze (dative singular)
kostuchom (dative plural)
kostuchę (accusative singular)
kostuchy (accusative plural)
kostuchą (instrumental singular)
kostuchami (instrumental plural)
kostusze (locative singular)
kostuchach (locative plural)
kostucho (singular vocative)
kostuchy (plural vocative)

From kość + -ucha. Compare Russian костля́вая (kostljávaja).


igrzec

igrzec (nominative singular)
igrcy (nominative plural)
igrce (derogatory nominative plural)
igrca (genitive singular)
igrców (genitive plural)
igrcowi (dative singular)
igrcom (dative plural)
igrca (accusative singular)
igrców (accusative plural)
igrcem (instrumental singular)
igrcami (instrumental plural)
igrcu (locative singular)
igrcach (locative plural)
igrcu (singular vocative)
igrcy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish igrzec. By surface analysis, igrać + -iec.

(historical) comedian, juggler, prestidigitator


psota

psota (nominative singular)
psoty (nominative plural)
psoty (genitive singular)
psot (genitive plural)
psocie (dative singular)
psotom (dative plural)
psotę (accusative singular)
psoty (accusative plural)
psotą (instrumental singular)
psotami (instrumental plural)
psocie (locative singular)
psotach (locative plural)
psoto (singular vocative)
psoty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsota. By surface analysis, pies + -ota.


trylogia

pl-noun

trylogia f (related adjective trylogiczny)

trylogiczny (adjective)
trylogia (nominative singular)
trylogie (nominative plural)
trylogii (genitive singular)
trylogii (genitive plural)
trylogij (archaic genitive plural)
trylogii (dative singular)
trylogiom (dative plural)
trylogię (accusative singular)
trylogie (accusative plural)
trylogią (instrumental singular)
trylogiami (instrumental plural)
trylogii (locative singular)
trylogiach (locative plural)
trylogio (singular vocative)
trylogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) trilogy (set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works)

(Ancient Greece, theater) trilogy (group of three tragedies staged as part of a single show)


dylogia

dylogia f (related adjective dylogiczny)

dylogiczny (adjective)
dylogia (nominative singular)
dylogie (nominative plural)
dylogii (genitive singular)
dylogii (genitive plural)
dylogij (archaic genitive plural)
dylogii (dative singular)
dylogiom (dative plural)
dylogię (accusative singular)
dylogie (accusative plural)
dylogią (instrumental singular)
dylogiami (instrumental plural)
dylogii (locative singular)
dylogiach (locative plural)
dylogio (singular vocative)
dylogie (plural vocative)

(film, literature, music, painting, theater) dilogy, duology (set of two works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as two individual works)

(Ancient Greece, theater) dilogy, duology (group of two tragedies staged as part of a single show)


figiel

figiel m inan (diminutive figielek or figlik)

figielek (diminutive)
figlik (diminutive)
figiel (nominative singular)
figle (nominative plural)
figla (genitive singular)
figli (genitive plural)
figlów (genitive plural)
figlowi (dative singular)
figlom (dative plural)
figiel (accusative singular)
figla (accusative singular)
figle (accusative plural)
figlem (instrumental singular)
figlami (instrumental plural)
figlu (locative singular)
figlach (locative plural)
figlu (singular vocative)
figle (plural vocative)

→ Czech: fígl

→ Slovak: fígeľ

→ Ukrainian: фі́гель (fíhelʹ)

Brückner (1927) states that this term is derived from Latin figūra via the dialectal form figuły. Alternatively, borrowed from Middle High German vigilje, from Medieval Latin vigiliae. If so, then a doublet of wigilia (“eve”) and Wigilia (“Christmas Eve”).

dbt

amusing, clever, or facetious work of art


błazen

blaźnisko (augmentative)
błazen (nominative singular)
błazny (nominative plural)
błaźni (nominative plural)
błazna (genitive singular)
błaznów (genitive plural)
błaznowi (dative singular)
błaznom (dative plural)
błazna (accusative singular)
błaznów (accusative plural)
błaznem (instrumental singular)
błaznami (instrumental plural)
błaźnie (locative singular)
błaznach (locative plural)
błaźnie (singular vocative)
błazny (plural vocative)
błaźni (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish błazno, from Proto-Slavic *blaznъ.

błazen z cyrku

błazen w cyrku

popisy/wygłupy błazna

błazna

występy błazna

clown, circus clown (circus entertainer)

istny błazen

prawdziwy błazen

arogancki błazen

grać/udawać błazna

robić z kogoś/z siebie błazna

to beat the clown(ery) out of someone/oneself

okazać się błaznem

wyjść/wychodzić na błazna

uznać kogoś za błazna

(derogatory) clown, jester, joker (person who jokes)

królewski błazen/błazen króla

nadworny błazen

mądry błazen

(historical) court jester, fool, joker (person who amused a medieval court)


kuglarz

pl-noun

kuglarz m pers (female equivalent kuglarka)

kuglarka (feminine)
kuglarz (nominative singular)
kuglarze (nominative plural)
kuglarza (genitive singular)
kuglarzy (genitive plural)
kuglarzów (genitive plural)
kuglarzowi (dative singular)
kuglarzom (dative plural)
kuglarza (accusative singular)
kuglarzy (accusative plural)
kuglarzów (accusative plural)
kuglarzem (instrumental singular)
kuglarzami (instrumental plural)
kuglarzu (locative singular)
kuglarzach (locative plural)
kuglarzu (singular vocative)
kuglarze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kuglarz, kuglerz, from Middle High German goukelaere, gougelaere.

der

illusionist (one who entertains using sleight of hand)

(historical) itinerant entertainer performing magic tricks, juggling, or puppet shows


kuglarz

kuglarz (nominative singular)
kuglarze (nominative plural)
kuglarza (genitive singular)
kuglarzy (genitive plural)
kuglarzowi (dative singular)
kuglarzom (dative plural)
kuglarza (accusative singular)
kuglarze (accusative plural)
kuglarzem (instrumental singular)
kuglarzami (instrumental plural)
kuglarzu (locative singular)
kuglarzach (locative plural)
kuglarzu (singular vocative)
kuglarze (plural vocative)

Terathopius ecaudatus
Terathopius ecaudatus#Translingual


figlarz

figlarz (nominative singular)
figlarze (nominative plural)
figlarza (genitive singular)
figlarzy (genitive plural)
figlarzowi (dative singular)
figlarzom (dative plural)
figlarz (accusative singular)
figlarze (accusative plural)
figlarzem (instrumental singular)
figlarzami (instrumental plural)
figlarzu (locative singular)
figlarzach (locative plural)
figlarzu (singular vocative)
figlarze (plural vocative)


psikus

psikus (nominative singular)
psikusy (nominative plural)
psikusa (genitive singular)
psikusów (genitive plural)
psikusowi (dative singular)
psikusom (dative plural)
psikusa (accusative singular)
psikusy (accusative plural)
psikusem (instrumental singular)
psikusami (instrumental plural)
psikusie (locative singular)
psikusach (locative plural)
psikusie (singular vocative)
psikusy (plural vocative)

cukierek albo psikus


zażartować

żartować (imperfective)
zażartować (infinitive)
zażartuję (future singular)
zażartujemy (future plural)
zażartujesz (future singular)
zażartujecie (future plural)
zażartuje (future singular third-person)
zażartują (future plural third-person)
zażartuje się (future impersonal)
zażartowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m zażartował (masculine past singular)
zażartowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m zażartowała (feminine past singular)
zażartowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m zażartowało (neuter past singular)
zażartowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy zażartowali (past plural virile)
zażartowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy zażartowały (nonvirile past plural)
zażartowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś zażartował (masculine past singular)
zażartowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś zażartowała (feminine past singular)
zażartowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś zażartowało (neuter past singular)
zażartowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście zażartowali (past plural virile)
zażartowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście zażartowały (nonvirile past plural)
zażartował (masculine past singular third-person)
zażartowała (feminine past singular third-person)
zażartowało (neuter past singular third-person)
zażartowali (past plural third-person virile)
zażartowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
zażartowano (impersonal past)
zażartowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym zażartował (conditional masculine singular)
zażartowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym zażartowała (conditional feminine singular)
zażartowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym zażartowało (conditional neuter singular)
zażartowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy zażartowali (conditional plural virile)
zażartowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy zażartowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zażartowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś zażartował (conditional masculine singular)
zażartowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś zażartowała (conditional feminine singular)
zażartowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś zażartowało (conditional neuter singular)
zażartowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście zażartowali (conditional plural virile)
zażartowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście zażartowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
zażartowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by zażartował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
zażartowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by zażartowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
zażartowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by zażartowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
zażartowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by zażartowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
zażartowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by zażartowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
zażartowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech zażartuję (imperative singular)
zażartujmy (imperative plural)
zażartuj (imperative singular)
zażartujcie (imperative plural)
niech zażartuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech zażartują (imperative plural third-person)
zażartowawszy (adverbial anterior participle)
zażartowanie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive) to mess with, to put on, to have on [with z (+ genitive) ‘someone’]


alegoryczny

pl-adj

alegoryczny (comparative bardziej alegoryczny, superlative najbardziej alegoryczny, derived adverb alegorycznie)

bardziej alegoryczny (comparative)
najbardziej alegoryczny (superlative)
alegoryczny (masculine nominative singular)
alegoryczna (feminine nominative singular)
alegoryczne (neuter nominative singular)
alegoryczni (nominative plural virile)
alegoryczne (nominative plural)
alegorycznego (genitive masculine singular)
alegorycznej (feminine genitive singular)
alegorycznego (genitive neuter singular)
alegorycznych (genitive plural)
alegorycznych (genitive plural virile)
alegorycznemu (dative masculine singular)
alegorycznej (dative feminine singular)
alegorycznemu (dative neuter singular)
alegorycznym (dative plural)
alegorycznym (dative plural virile)
alegorycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
alegoryczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
alegoryczną (accusative feminine singular)
alegoryczne (accusative neuter singular)
alegorycznych (accusative plural virile)
alegoryczne (accusative plural)
alegorycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
alegoryczną (feminine instrumental singular)
alegorycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
alegorycznymi (instrumental plural)
alegorycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
alegorycznym (locative masculine singular)
alegorycznej (feminine locative singular)
alegorycznym (locative neuter singular)
alegorycznych (locative plural)
alegorycznych (locative plural virile)

From alegoria + -yczny. First attested in 1583.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “alegoryczny”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(narratology, relational, rhetoric) allegorical


alegorycznie

pl-adv

alegorycznie (comparative bardziej alegorycznie, superlative najbardziej alegorycznie)

bardziej alegorycznie (comparative)
najbardziej alegorycznie (superlative)

/a.lɛ.ɡɔˈrɘt͡ʂ.ɲɛ/

From alegoryczny + -ie. First attested in 1743–1745.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (06.05.2009) “ALEGORYCZNIE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

interpretować alegorycznie

odczytywać alegorycznie

przedstawić alegorycznie

rozumieć alegorycznie

mówić alegorycznie


repertuar

repertuar (nominative singular)
repertuary (nominative plural)
repertuaru (genitive singular)
repertuarów (genitive plural)
repertuarowi (dative singular)
repertuarom (dative plural)
repertuar (accusative singular)
repertuary (accusative plural)
repertuarem (instrumental singular)
repertuarami (instrumental plural)
repertuarze (locative singular)
repertuarach (locative plural)
repertuarze (singular vocative)
repertuary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French répertoire, from Late Latin repertōrium, from Latin reperiō.

(film, theater) repertoire (list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed)


antrakt

antrakt (nominative singular)
antrakty (nominative plural)
antraktu (genitive singular)
antraktów (genitive plural)
antraktowi (dative singular)
antraktom (dative plural)
antrakt (accusative singular)
antrakty (accusative plural)
antraktem (instrumental singular)
antraktami (instrumental plural)
antrakcie (locative singular)
antraktach (locative plural)
antrakcie (singular vocative)
antrakty (plural vocative)

(theater) intermission, interlude, entr'acte (the time between the first and second acts)


zapadnia

zapadnia (nominative singular)
zapadnie (nominative plural)
zapadni (genitive singular)
zapadni (genitive plural)
zapadni (dative singular)
zapadniom (dative plural)
zapadnię (accusative singular)
zapadnie (accusative plural)
zapadnią (instrumental singular)
zapadniami (instrumental plural)
zapadni (locative singular)
zapadniach (locative plural)
zapadnio (singular vocative)
zapadnie (plural vocative)


kawalarz

pl-noun

kawalarz m pers (female equivalent kawalarka)

kawalarka (feminine)
kawalarz (nominative singular)
kawalarze (nominative plural)
kawalarza (genitive singular)
kawalarzy (genitive plural)
kawalarzowi (dative singular)
kawalarzom (dative plural)
kawalarza (accusative singular)
kawalarzy (accusative plural)
kawalarzem (instrumental singular)
kawalarzami (instrumental plural)
kawalarzu (locative singular)
kawalarzach (locative plural)
kawalarzu (singular vocative)
kawalarze (plural vocative)

practical joker (person who makes practical jokes)