Irkuck

Irkuck (nominative singular)
Irkucka (genitive singular)
Irkuckowi (dative singular)
Irkuck (accusative singular)
Irkuckiem (instrumental singular)
Irkucku (locative singular)
Irkucku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ирку́тск (Irkútsk).

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


Sewilla

Sewilla (nominative singular)
Sewilli (genitive singular)
Sewilli (dative singular)
Sewillę (accusative singular)
Sewillą (instrumental singular)
Sewilli (locative singular)
Sewillo (singular vocative)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Donieck

pl-proper noun

Donieck m inan (related adjective doniecki)

doniecki (adjective)
Donieck (nominative singular)
Doniecka (genitive singular)
Donieckowi (dative singular)
Donieck (accusative singular)
Donieckiem (instrumental singular)
Doniecku (locative singular)
Doniecku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Доне́цьк (Donécʹk).


Samarkanda

Samarkanda (nominative singular)
Samarkandy (genitive singular)
Samarkandzie (dative singular)
Samarkandę (accusative singular)
Samarkandą (instrumental singular)
Samarkandzie (locative singular)
Samarkando (singular vocative)


Algier

Algier (nominative singular)
Algieru (genitive singular)
Algierowi (dative singular)
Algier (accusative singular)
Algierem (instrumental singular)
Algierze (locative singular)
Algierze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

اَلْجَزَائِر


Sarajewo

Sarajewo (nominative singular)
Sarajewa (genitive singular)
Sarajewu (dative singular)
Sarajewo (accusative singular)
Sarajewem (instrumental singular)
Sarajewie (locative singular)
Sarajewo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای, Turkish Saray-ovası, from saray (“palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Zurych

Zurych (nominative singular)
Zurychu (genitive singular)
Zurychowi (dative singular)
Zurych (accusative singular)
Zurychem (instrumental singular)
Zurychu (locative singular)
Zurychu (singular vocative)

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Hirosima

pl-prop

Hirosima f (related adjective hirosimski)

hirosimski (adjective)
Hirosima (nominative singular)
Hirosimy (genitive singular)
Hirosimie (dative singular)
Hirosimę (accusative singular)
Hirosimą (instrumental singular)
Hirosimie (locative singular)
Hirosimo (singular vocative)

Hiroshima (the capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan; the target of the first atomic bomb dropped in warfare on August 6, 1945)


Ołomuniec

Ołomuniec m inan (related adjective ołomuniecki)

ołomuniecki (adjective)
Ołomuniec (nominative singular)
Ołomuńca (genitive singular)
Ołomuńcowi (dative singular)
Ołomuniec (accusative singular)
Ołomuńcem (instrumental singular)
Ołomuńcu (locative singular)
Ołomuńcu (singular vocative)


Bratysława

Bratysława f (related adjective bratysławski, demonym bratysławianin, female demonym bratysławianka)

bratysławski (adjective)
bratysławianin (demonym)
bratysławianka (demonym feminine)
Bratysława (nominative singular)
Bratysławy (genitive singular)
Bratysławie (dative singular)
Bratysławę (accusative singular)
Bratysławą (instrumental singular)
Bratysławie (locative singular)
Bratysławo (singular vocative)

Bratislava (the capital and largest city of Slovakia)


Samara

Samara (nominative singular)
Samary (genitive singular)
Samarze (dative singular)
Samarę (accusative singular)
Samarą (instrumental singular)
Samarze (locative singular)
Samaro (singular vocative)

Samara (a city, the administrative center of Samara Oblast, Russia)


Omsk

Omsk (nominative singular)
Omska (genitive singular)
Omskowi (dative singular)
Omsk (accusative singular)
Omskiem (instrumental singular)
Omsku (locative singular)
Omsku (singular vocative)

Omsk (a city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia)


Zamość

Zamość (nominative singular)
Zamościa (genitive singular)
Zamościowi (dative singular)
Zamość (accusative singular)
Zamościem (instrumental singular)
Zamościu (locative singular)
Zamościu (singular vocative)

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship#English

Zamość (a city in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)


Brema

bremeński (adjective)
Brema (nominative singular)
Bremy (genitive singular)
Bremie (dative singular)
Bremę (accusative singular)
Bremą (instrumental singular)
Bremie (locative singular)
Bremo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Bremen, from Old Saxon bremo, from Proto-Germanic.

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)

Badenia-Wirtembergia · Bawaria · Brandenburgia · Hesja · Dolna Saksonia · Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie · Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia · Nadrenia-Palatynat · Saara · Saksonia · Saksonia-Anhalt · Szlezwik-Holsztyn · Turyngia


Archangielsk

Archangielsk (nominative singular)
Archangielska (genitive singular)
Archangielskowi (dative singular)
Archangielsk (accusative singular)
Archangielskiem (instrumental singular)
Archangielsku (locative singular)
Archangielsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Арха́нгельск (Arxángelʹsk).

bor+

Арха́нгельск


Kursk

kurski (adjective)
Kursk (nominative singular)
Kurska (genitive singular)
Kurskowi (dative singular)
Kursk (accusative singular)
Kurskiem (instrumental singular)
Kursku (locative singular)
Kursku (singular vocative)

Kursk (a city, the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia)


Genewa

Genewa (nominative singular)
Genewy (genitive singular)
Genewie (dative singular)
Genewę (accusative singular)
Genewą (instrumental singular)
Genewie (locative singular)
Genewo (singular vocative)


Orenburg

pl-prop

Orenburg m inan (related adjective orenburski)

orenburski (adjective)
Orenburg (nominative singular)
Orenburga (genitive singular)
Orenburgowi (dative singular)
Orenburg (accusative singular)
Orenburgiem (instrumental singular)
Orenburgu (locative singular)
Orenburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Оренбу́рг (Orenbúrg).

bor+

Orenburg (a city, the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia)


Tomsk

Tomsk (nominative singular)
Tomska (genitive singular)
Tomskowi (dative singular)
Tomsk (accusative singular)
Tomskiem (instrumental singular)
Tomsku (locative singular)
Tomsku (singular vocative)

Tomsk (a city, the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Russia)


Wiktoria

pl-proper noun

Wiktoria f (diminutive (dialectal) Wichta)

Wichta (dialectal diminutive)
Wiktoria (nominative singular)
Wiktorie (nominative plural)
Wiktorii (genitive singular)
Wiktorii (genitive plural)
Wiktoryj (archaic genitive plural)
Wiktorii (dative singular)
Wiktoriom (dative plural)
Wiktorię (accusative singular)
Wiktorie (accusative plural)
Wiktorią (instrumental singular)
Wiktoriami (instrumental plural)
Wiktorii (locative singular)
Wiktoriach (locative plural)
Wiktorio (singular vocative)
Wiktorie (plural vocative)
Wichtora (alternative)

Victoria (a city, the capital of British Columbia)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the capital of Seychelles)

Victoria (the capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta)


Tajpej

Tajpej (nominative singular)
Tajpeju (genitive singular)
Tajpejowi (dative singular)
Tajpej (accusative singular)
Tajpejem (instrumental singular)
Tajpeju (locative singular)
Tajpeju (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺北 /台北 (Tʻai²-pei³).


Jeruzalem

Learned borrowing from Latin Hierūsalēm. Doublet of Jerozolima.

(literary) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Esbjerg

Esbjerg (nominative singular)
Esbjergu (genitive singular)
Esbjergowi (dative singular)
Esbjerg (accusative singular)
Esbjergiem (instrumental singular)
Esbjergu (locative singular)
Esbjergu (singular vocative)

Southern Denmark
Southern Denmark#English

Esbjerg (a port city, the seat of Esbjerg municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark, on the North Sea)


Czelabińsk

Czelabińsk (nominative singular)
Czelabińska (genitive singular)
Czelabińskowi (dative singular)
Czelabińsk (accusative singular)
Czelabińskiem (instrumental singular)
Czelabińsku (locative singular)
Czelabińsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Челя́бинск (Čeljábinsk).

Chelyabinsk (a city, the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia)


Władywostok

Władywostok (nominative singular)
Władywostoku (genitive singular)
Władywostokowi (dative singular)
Władywostok (accusative singular)
Władywostokiem (instrumental singular)
Władywostoku (locative singular)
Władywostoku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

Владивосто́к


Nikozja

Nikozja (nominative singular)
Nikozji (genitive singular)
Nikozji (dative singular)
Nikozję (accusative singular)
Nikozją (instrumental singular)
Nikozji (locative singular)
Nikozjo (singular vocative)

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; the capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Abidżan

Abidżan (nominative singular)
Abidżanu (genitive singular)
Abidżanowi (dative singular)
Abidżan (accusative singular)
Abidżanem (instrumental singular)
Abidżanie (locative singular)
Abidżanie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Abidjan.

Abidjan (de facto capital city of Côte d'Ivoire)


Królewiec

pl-prop

Królewiec m inan (related adjective królewiecki)

królewiecki (adjective)
Królewiec (nominative singular)
Królewca (genitive singular)
Królewcowi (dative singular)
Królewiec (accusative singular)
Królewcem (instrumental singular)
Królewcu (locative singular)
Królewcu (singular vocative)

pl:Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Geograficznych poza Granicami Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

From król + -ewiec. Calque of German Königsberg (literally “King's Hill”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian Кролеве́ць (Krolevécʹ).

sl

Kaliningrad, Königsberg (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)

Krolevets (a city in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine)


Makau

Borrowed from Portuguese Macao, from Chinese 阿媽港／阿妈港, from 阿媽／阿妈 (āmā) + 港 (gǎng). Doublet of makao.

Macau (a city and special administrative region of China)


Bolonia

Bolonia (nominative singular)
Bolonii (genitive singular)
Bolonii (dative singular)
Bolonię (accusative singular)
Bolonią (instrumental singular)
Bolonii (locative singular)
Bolonio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Bologna or Medieval Latin Bolōnia, from Latin Bonōnia.


Chartum

Chartum (nominative singular)
Chartumu (genitive singular)
Chartumowi (dative singular)
Chartum (accusative singular)
Chartumem (instrumental singular)
Chartumie (locative singular)
Chartumie (singular vocative)


Lucerna

pl-prop

Lucerna f (related adjective lucerneński)

lucerneński (adjective)
Lucerna (nominative singular)
Lucerny (genitive singular)
Lucernie (dative singular)
Lucernę (accusative singular)
Lucerną (instrumental singular)
Lucernie (locative singular)
Lucerno (singular vocative)

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


Nowy Orlean

Nowy Orlean (nominative singular)
Nowy Orleanu (genitive singular)
Nowy Orleanowi (dative singular)
Nowy Orlean (accusative singular)
Nowy Orleanem (instrumental singular)
Nowy Orleanie (locative singular)
Nowy Orleanie (singular vocative)

New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


Rejkiawik

Rejkiawik m inan (related adjective rejkiawicki)

rejkiawicki (adjective)
Rejkiawik (nominative singular)
Rejkiawiku (genitive singular)
Rejkiawikowi (dative singular)
Rejkiawik (accusative singular)
Rejkiawikiem (instrumental singular)
Rejkiawiku (locative singular)
Rejkiawiku (singular vocative)

(dated) Reykjavík (the capital and largest city of Iceland)


Nawakszut

Nawakszut (nominative singular)
Nawakszutu (genitive singular)
Nawakszutowi (dative singular)
Nawakszut (accusative singular)
Nawakszutem (instrumental singular)
Nawakszucie (locative singular)
Nawakszucie (singular vocative)

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Bejrut

Bejrut (nominative singular)
Bejrutu (genitive singular)
Bejrutowi (dative singular)
Bejrut (accusative singular)
Bejrutem (instrumental singular)
Bejrucie (locative singular)
Bejrucie (singular vocative)


Phenian

Phenian (nominative singular)
Phenianu (genitive singular)
Phenianowi (dative singular)
Phenian (accusative singular)
Phenianem (instrumental singular)
Phenianie (locative singular)
Phenianie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Пхёнья́н (Pxjonʹján).

bor+

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Lwów

lwowski (adjective)
Lwów (nominative singular)
Lwowa (genitive singular)
Lwowowi (dative singular)
Lwów (accusative singular)
Lwowem (instrumental singular)
Lwowie (locative singular)
Lwowie (singular vocative)

From Lew + -ów, named after Leo I of Galicia, a 13th century king of Rus' and son of the founder of the city, Daniel of Galicia. Lew is the East Slavic calque (loan translation) of the Latin personal name Leo.


Podolsk

pl-proper noun

Podolsk m inan (related adjective podolski)

Borrowed from Russian Подольск (Podolʹsk).

bor+

Podolsk (a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia)


Podolsk

podolski (adjective)
Podolsk (nominative singular)
Podolska (genitive singular)
Podolskowi (dative singular)
Podolsk (accusative singular)
Podolskiem (instrumental singular)
Podolsku (locative singular)
Podolsku (singular vocative)

Podilsk (a city in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine)


Batumi

Borrowed from Russian Бату́ми (Batúmi), from Georgian ბათუმი (batumi).


Grodno

pl-prop

Grodno n (related adjective grodzieński)

grodzieński (adjective)
Grodno (nominative singular)
Grodna (genitive singular)
Grodnu (dative singular)
Grodno (accusative singular)
Grodnem (instrumental singular)
Grodnie (locative singular)
Grodno (singular vocative)


Psków

Psków m inan (related adjective pskowski)

pskowski (adjective)
Psków (nominative singular)
Pskowa (genitive singular)
Pskowowi (dative singular)
Psków (accusative singular)
Pskowem (instrumental singular)
Pskowie (locative singular)
Pskowie (singular vocative)

Pskov (a city, the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia)


Bazylea

Bazylea (nominative singular)
Bazylei (genitive singular)
Bazylei (dative singular)
Bazyleę (accusative singular)
Bazyleą (instrumental singular)
Bazylei (locative singular)
Bazyleo (singular vocative)


Hebron

Hebron m inan (related adjective hebroński)

hebroński (adjective)
Hebron (nominative singular)
Hebronu (genitive singular)
Hebronowi (dative singular)
Hebron (accusative singular)
Hebronem (instrumental singular)
Hebronie (locative singular)
Hebronie (singular vocative)


Ułan Bator

Ułan Bator m inan (indeclinable, related adjective ułanbatorski)

ułanbatorski (adjective)
Ułan Bator (nominative singular)
Ułan Batoru (genitive singular)
Ułan Batorowi (dative singular)
Ułan Bator (accusative singular)
Ułan Batorem (instrumental singular)
Ułan Batorze (locative singular)
Ułan Batorze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Улан-Ба́тор (Ulan-Bátor).

bor+

Ulaanbaatar (the capital and largest city of Mongolia)


Dubrownik

pl-prop

Dubrownik m inan (related adjective dubrownicki)

dubrownicki (adjective)
Dubrownik (nominative singular)
Dubrownika (genitive singular)
Dubrownikowi (dative singular)
Dubrownik (accusative singular)
Dubrownikiem (instrumental singular)
Dubrowniku (locative singular)
Dubrowniku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Ду̀бро̄внӣк /Dùbrōvnīk.

bor+

Ду̀бро̄внӣк//Dùbrōvnīk


Jarosław

Jarosław (nominative singular)
Jarosławia (genitive singular)
Jarosławiowi (dative singular)
Jarosław (accusative singular)
Jarosławiem (instrumental singular)
Jarosławiu (locative singular)
Jarosławiu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ), from Old East Slavic Ꙗрославль (Jaroslavlĭ), from Proto-Slavic *Jaroslavъ, from *jarъ + *slava.

Yaroslavl (a city, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia)


Nowe Delhi

Nowe Delhi (nominative singular)
Nowego Delhi (genitive singular)
Nowemu Delhi (dative singular)
Nowe Delhi (accusative singular)
Nowym Delhi (instrumental singular)
Nowym Delhi (locative singular)
Nowe Delhi (singular vocative)


Ad-Dauha

Ad-Dauha (nominative singular)
Ad-Dauhy (genitive singular)
Ad-Dausze (dative singular)
Ad-Dauże (dative singular)
Ad-Dauhę (accusative singular)
Ad-Dauhą (instrumental singular)
Ad-Dausze (locative singular)
Ad-Dauże (locative singular)
Ad-Dauho (singular vocative)
Dauha (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic الدَّوْحَة (ad-dawḥa).


Wagadugu

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


Betlejem

pl-prop

Betlejem n (indeclinable, related adjective betlejemski)


Dauha

Dauha (nominative singular)
Dauhy (genitive singular)
Dausze (dative singular)
Dauże (dative singular)
Dauhę (accusative singular)
Dauhą (instrumental singular)
Dausze (locative singular)
Dauże (locative singular)
Dauho (singular vocative)
Ad-Dauha (alternative)


Agra

Agra (nominative singular)
Agry (genitive singular)
Agrze (dative singular)
Agrę (accusative singular)
Agrą (instrumental singular)
Agrze (locative singular)
Agro (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्रेवण (agrevaṇa), from अग्र (agra) + वन (vana).


Jekaterynburg

Jekaterynburg (nominative singular)
Jekaterynburga (genitive singular)
Jekaterynburgowi (dative singular)
Jekaterynburg (accusative singular)
Jekaterynburgiem (instrumental singular)
Jekaterynburgu (locative singular)
Jekaterynburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Екатеринбу́рг (Jekaterinbúrg).

bor+

Екатеринбу́рг

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


Kazań

pl-prop

Kazań m inan (related adjective kazański)

kazański (adjective)
Kazań (nominative singular)
Kazania (genitive singular)
Kazaniowi (dative singular)
Kazań (accusative singular)
Kazaniem (instrumental singular)
Kazaniu (locative singular)
Kazaniu (singular vocative)

Kazan (the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)


Izmir

Izmir m inan (related adjective izmirski)

izmirski (adjective)
Izmir (nominative singular)
Izmiru (genitive singular)
Izmirowi (dative singular)
Izmir (accusative singular)
Izmirem (instrumental singular)
Izmirze (locative singular)
Izmirze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish İzmir. Doublet of Smyrna.

Izmir (a major port city, the capital of İzmir Province, Turkey, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna)


Oświęcim

pl-proper noun

Oświęcim m inan (related adjective oświęcimski, demonym oświęcimianin, female demonym oświęcimianka)

oświęcimski (adjective)
oświęcimianin (demonym)
oświęcimianka (demonym feminine)
Oświęcim (nominative singular)
Oświęcimia (genitive singular)
Oświęcimiowi (dative singular)
Oświęcim (accusative singular)
Oświęcimiem (instrumental singular)
Oświęcimiu (locative singular)
Oświęcimiu (singular vocative)

From older Uswiczin. First attested as Ospenchin in a Latin text. Doublet of Auschwitz.


Smoleńsk

Smoleńsk (nominative singular)
Smoleńska (genitive singular)
Smoleńskowi (dative singular)
Smoleńsk (accusative singular)
Smoleńskiem (instrumental singular)
Smoleńsku (locative singular)
Smoleńsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Смоле́нск (Smolénsk).


Marsylia

pl-prop

Marsylia f (related adjective marsylski)

marsylski (adjective)
Marsylia (nominative singular)
Marsylii (genitive singular)
Marsylii (dative singular)
Marsylię (accusative singular)
Marsylią (instrumental singular)
Marsylii (locative singular)
Marsylio (singular vocative)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital and largest city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital and largest city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Pusan

Pusan (nominative singular)
Pusanu (genitive singular)
Pusanowi (dative singular)
Pusan (accusative singular)
Pusanem (instrumental singular)
Pusanie (locative singular)
Pusanie (singular vocative)


Rijeka

rijecki (adjective)
Rijeka (nominative singular)
Rijeki (genitive singular)
Rijece (dative singular)
Rijekę (accusative singular)
Rijeką (instrumental singular)
Rijece (locative singular)
Rijeko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Рије́ка /Rijéka. Doublet of rzeka.

bor+

Рије́ка //Rijéka


Sopot

pl-prop

Sopot m inan (related adjective sopocki)

sopocki (adjective)
Sopot (nominative singular)
Sopotu (genitive singular)
Sopotowi (dative singular)
Sopot (accusative singular)
Sopotem (instrumental singular)
Sopocie (locative singular)
Sopocie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sopotъ (“place with echo, resound”), from *so(p)ti (“to wheeze, to whistle”).

inh+

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Sopot (a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Gandawa

Gandawa (nominative singular)
Gandawy (genitive singular)
Gandawie (dative singular)
Gandawę (accusative singular)
Gandawą (instrumental singular)
Gandawie (locative singular)
Gandawo (singular vocative)

Ghent (the capital city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Wientian

Wientian (nominative singular)
Wientianu (genitive singular)
Wientianowi (dative singular)
Wientian (accusative singular)
Wientianem (instrumental singular)
Wientianie (locative singular)
Wientianie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Vientiane, from Lao ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan).


Ostrawa

Ostrawa (nominative singular)
Ostrawy (genitive singular)
Ostrawie (dative singular)
Ostrawę (accusative singular)
Ostrawą (instrumental singular)
Ostrawie (locative singular)
Ostrawo (singular vocative)


Abu Zabi

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby).

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Málaga

Málaga (nominative singular)
Málagi (genitive singular)
Máladze (dative singular)
Málagę (accusative singular)
Málagą (instrumental singular)
Máladze (locative singular)
Málago (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Málaga.


Dubaj

Dubaj (nominative singular)
Dubaju (genitive singular)
Dubajowi (dative singular)
Dubaj (accusative singular)
Dubajem (instrumental singular)
Dubaju (locative singular)
Dubaju (singular vocative)

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Olita

olicki (adjective)
Olita (nominative singular)
Olity (genitive singular)
Olicie (dative singular)
Olitę (accusative singular)
Olitą (instrumental singular)
Olicie (locative singular)
Olito (singular vocative)


Krasnojarsk

Krasnojarsk (nominative singular)
Krasnojarska (genitive singular)
Krasnojarskowi (dative singular)
Krasnojarsk (accusative singular)
Krasnojarskiem (instrumental singular)
Krasnojarsku (locative singular)
Krasnojarsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Красноя́рск (Krasnojársk).

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai#English

Krasnoyarsk (a city, the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, Russia)


Jerycho

pl-prop

Jerycho n (related adjective jerychoński)

jerychoński (adjective)
Jerycho (nominative singular)
Jerycha (genitive singular)
Jerychu (dative singular)
Jerycho (accusative singular)
Jerychem (instrumental singular)
Jerychu (locative singular)
Jerycho (singular vocative)


Syrakuzy

pl-proper noun

Syrakuzy nvir pl (related adjective syrakuzański, demonym Syrakuzanin, female demonym Syrakuzanka)

syrakuzański (adjective)
Syrakuzanin (demonym)
Syrakuzanka (demonym feminine)
Syrakuzy (nominative plural)
Syrakuz (genitive plural)
Syrakuzom (dative plural)
Syrakuzy (accusative plural)
Syrakuzami (instrumental plural)
Syrakuzach (locative plural)
Syrakuzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Syrācūsae, from Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).

Syracuse (a port, the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Kalkuta

Kalkuta (nominative singular)
Kalkuty (genitive singular)
Kalkucie (dative singular)
Kalkutę (accusative singular)
Kalkutą (instrumental singular)
Kalkucie (locative singular)
Kalkuto (singular vocative)


Padwa

Padwa (nominative singular)
Padwy (genitive singular)
Padwie (dative singular)
Padwę (accusative singular)
Padwą (instrumental singular)
Padwie (locative singular)
Padwo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Padova, from Latin Patavium.


Asyż

Asyż (nominative singular)
Asyżu (genitive singular)
Asyżowi (dative singular)
Asyż (accusative singular)
Asyżem (instrumental singular)
Asyżu (locative singular)
Asyżu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Assisi, from Latin Asīsium.


Lozanna

Lozanna (nominative singular)
Lozanny (genitive singular)
Lozannie (dative singular)
Lozannę (accusative singular)
Lozanną (instrumental singular)
Lozannie (locative singular)
Lozanno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Lausanne, from Latin Lausanna.


Woroneż

Woroneż (nominative singular)
Woroneża (genitive singular)
Woroneżowi (dative singular)
Woroneż (accusative singular)
Woroneżem (instrumental singular)
Woroneżu (locative singular)
Woroneżu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Воро́неж (Vorónež), from Old East Slavic Воронажь, Воронѧжь, Воронежь (Voronažĭ, Voronęžĭ, Voronežĭ).

der

Воронажь, Воронѧжь, Воронежь

Voronezh (a city, the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast, Russia)


Saloniki

Saloniki (nominative plural)
Salonik (genitive plural)
Salonikom (dative plural)
Saloniki (accusative plural)
Salonikami (instrumental plural)
Salonikach (locative plural)
Saloniki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Greek Σαλονίκη (Saloníki).


Antwerpia

Antwerpia (nominative singular)
Antwerpii (genitive singular)
Antwerpii (dative singular)
Antwerpię (accusative singular)
Antwerpią (instrumental singular)
Antwerpii (locative singular)
Antwerpio (singular vocative)

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)


Piza

Piza (nominative singular)
Pizy (genitive singular)
Pizie (dative singular)
Pizę (accusative singular)
Pizą (instrumental singular)
Pizie (locative singular)
Pizo (singular vocative)


Nicea

nicejski (adjective)
Nicea (nominative singular)
Nicei (genitive singular)
Nicei (dative singular)
Niceę (accusative singular)
Niceą (instrumental singular)
Nicei (locative singular)
Niceo (singular vocative)

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Mostar

Mostar (nominative singular)
Mostaru (genitive singular)
Mostarowi (dative singular)
Mostar (accusative singular)
Mostarem (instrumental singular)
Mostarze (locative singular)
Mostarze (singular vocative)

Mostar (a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Genk

Genk (nominative singular)
Genku (genitive singular)
Genkowi (dative singular)
Genk (accusative singular)
Genkiem (instrumental singular)
Genku (locative singular)
Genku (singular vocative)

Genk (a city and municipality of Belgium)


Bandżul

Bandżul (nominative singular)
Bandżulu (genitive singular)
Bandżulowi (dative singular)
Bandżul (accusative singular)
Bandżulem (instrumental singular)
Bandżulu (locative singular)
Bandżulu (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Banjul.

Banjul (the capital and largest city of the Gambia)


's-Hertogenbosch

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch 's-Hertogenbosch.

ubor

's-Hertogenbosch (a municipality, the provincial capital of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Den Bosch

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Den Bosch.

Den Bosch (a municipality, the provincial capital of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Rawson

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Rawson.

Rawson (a city, the capital of Chubut, Argentina)


Pardubice

pl-prop

Pardubice nvir pl (related adjective pardubicki)

pardubicki (adjective)
Pardubice (nominative plural)
Pardubic (genitive plural)
Pardubicom (dative plural)
Pardubice (accusative plural)
Pardubicami (instrumental plural)
Pardubicach (locative plural)
Pardubice (plural vocative)


La Rioja

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish La Rioja.

ubor

La Rioja (the capital of La Rioja province, Argentina)


Suwałki

Suwałki (nominative plural)
Suwałk (genitive plural)
Suwałkom (dative plural)
Suwałki (accusative plural)
Suwałkami (instrumental plural)
Suwałkach (locative plural)
Suwałki (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: Suvalkija

Borrowed from Lithuanian Suvalkai, from Lithuanian su- (“near”) + the root of valka (“small river, swampy place”).


Kowno

pl-proper noun

Kowno n (related adjective kowieński, demonym kownianin, female demonym kownianka)

kowieński (adjective)
kownianin (demonym)
kownianka (demonym feminine)
Kowno (nominative singular)
Kowna (genitive singular)
Kownu (dative singular)
Kowno (accusative singular)
Kownem (instrumental singular)
Kownie (locative singular)
Kowno (singular vocative)


Hiroszima

pl-prop

Hiroszima f (related adjective hiroszimski)

hiroszimski (adjective)
Hiroszima (nominative singular)
Hiroszimy (genitive singular)
Hiroszimie (dative singular)
Hiroszimę (accusative singular)
Hiroszimą (instrumental singular)
Hiroszimie (locative singular)
Hiroszimo (singular vocative)
Hiroshima (alternative)
Hirosima (alternative)

Hiroshima (the capital and largest city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


Hanower

Hanower m inan (related adjective hanowerski)

hanowerski (adjective)
Hanower (nominative singular)
Hanoweru (genitive singular)
Hanowerowi (dative singular)
Hanower (accusative singular)
Hanowerem (instrumental singular)
Hanowerze (locative singular)
Hanowerze (singular vocative)

Hanover, Hannover (the capital city of Lower Saxony, Germany)


Charków

Charków m inan (related adjective charkowski)

charkowski (adjective)
Charków (nominative singular)
Charkowa (genitive singular)
Charkowowi (dative singular)
Charków (accusative singular)
Charkowem (instrumental singular)
Charkowie (locative singular)
Charkowie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ха́рьков (Xárʹkov). Doublet of Charkiw.

bor+

Kharkiv, Kharkov (a city, administrative centre, and raion of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine)


Braga

Braga (nominative singular)
Bragi (genitive singular)
Bradze (dative singular)
Bragę (accusative singular)
Bragą (instrumental singular)
Bradze (locative singular)
Brago (singular vocative)

Braga (a city and municipality of Braga district, Portugal)


Almería

Almería (nominative singular)
Almeríi (genitive singular)
Almeríi (dative singular)
Almeríę (accusative singular)
Almeríą (instrumental singular)
Almeríi (locative singular)
Almerío (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Almería.

ubor

rare spelling of Almeria: Almeria (a city, the provincial capital of Almería, Andalusia, Spain)


Szanghaj

Szanghaj (nominative singular)
Szanghaju (genitive singular)
Szanghajowi (dative singular)
Szanghaj (accusative singular)
Szanghajem (instrumental singular)
Szanghaju (locative singular)
Szanghaju (singular vocative)

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Mogilew

Borrowed from Russian Могилёв (Mogiljóv).


Heidelberg

Heidelberg (nominative singular)
Heidelbergu (genitive singular)
Heidelbergowi (dative singular)
Heidelberg (accusative singular)
Heidelbergiem (instrumental singular)
Heidelbergu (locative singular)
Heidelbergu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Heidelberg.

ubor

Heidelberg (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Giza

Giza (nominative singular)
Gizy (genitive singular)
Gizie (dative singular)
Gizę (accusative singular)
Gizą (instrumental singular)
Gizie (locative singular)
Gizo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Egyptian Arabic اَلْجِيزَة (il-Gīza)


Adana

Adana (nominative singular)
Adany (genitive singular)
Adanie (dative singular)
Adanę (accusative singular)
Adaną (instrumental singular)
Adanie (locative singular)
Adano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish Adana, from Ottoman Turkish آطنه (Adana), from Ancient Greek Ἄδανα (Ádana).

Adana (a city, the capital of Adana Province, Turkey)


Trójmiasto

pl-prop

Trójmiasto n (related adjective trójmiejski)

trójmiejski (adjective)
Trójmiasto (nominative singular)
Trójmiasta (genitive singular)
Trójmiastu (dative singular)
Trójmiasto (accusative singular)
Trójmiastem (instrumental singular)
Trójmieście (locative singular)
Trójmiasto (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: Труймя́ста (Trujmjásta)

→ Czech: Trojměstí (calque)

→ Dutch: Driestad (calque)

→ English: Tricity (calque)

→ French: Tricité, Triville (calque)

→ German: Dreistadt (calque)

→ Greek: Τρίπολη (Trípoli) (calque)

→ Hungarian: Hármasváros (calque)

desc

→ Italian: Tripla Città, Trecittà (calque)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Trippelbyen (calque)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Trippelbyen (calque)

→ Portuguese: Tricidade (calque)

→ Romanian: Trioraș (calque)

→ Russian: Труймя́сто (Trujmjásto)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Тројмјасто

→ Slovak: Trojmesto (calque)

→ Spanish: Triciudad (calque)

→ Ukrainian: Тримі́сто (Trymísto) (calque)

From trój- + miasto. Compare Kashubian Trzëgard.

Tricity (metropolitan area in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, consisting of three contiguous coastal cities in Pomerelia forming a row on the coastline of the Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, namely the cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Sopot, along with other cities and towns in their vicinity)


Nitra

nitrzański (adjective)
Nitra (nominative singular)
Nitry (genitive singular)
Nitrze (dative singular)
Nitrę (accusative singular)
Nitrą (instrumental singular)
Nitrze (locative singular)
Nitro (singular vocative)


Hel

pl-prop

Hel m inan (related adjective helski, demonym helanin, female demonym helanka)

helski (adjective)
helanin (demonym)
helanka (demonym feminine)
Hel (nominative singular)
Helu (genitive singular)
Helowi (dative singular)
Hel (accusative singular)
Helem (instrumental singular)
Helu (locative singular)
Helu (singular vocative)

Kazimierz Rymut
pl:Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch
pl:Nazwy miejscowe Polski

Hel (a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Parnawa

Parnawa (nominative singular)
Parnawy (genitive singular)
Parnawie (dative singular)
Parnawę (accusative singular)
Parnawą (instrumental singular)
Parnawie (locative singular)
Parnawo (singular vocative)


Ramallah

Ramallah (nominative singular)
Ramallahu (genitive singular)
Ramallahowi (dative singular)
Ramallah (accusative singular)
Ramallahem (instrumental singular)
Ramallahu (locative singular)
Ramallahu (singular vocative)
Ramallah (nominative singular)
Ramalli (genitive singular)
Ramalli (dative singular)
Ramallę (accusative singular)
Ramallą (instrumental singular)
Ramalli (locative singular)
Ramallo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic رَام اَللّٰه (rām allāh).

bor+

رَام اَللّٰه


Dorpat

Dorpat (nominative singular)
Dorpatu (genitive singular)
Dorpatowi (dative singular)
Dorpat (accusative singular)
Dorpatem (instrumental singular)
Dorpacie (locative singular)
Dorpacie (singular vocative)


Rovaniemi

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Rovaniemi.

ubor

Rovaniemi (a city and municipality of Lapland, Finland)


Sudak

pl-prop

Sudak m inan (related adjective sudacki)

sudacki (adjective)
Sudak (nominative singular)
Sudaki (nominative plural)
Sodaka (genitive singular)
sodaku (genitive singular)
Sudaków (genitive plural)
Sudakowi (dative singular)
Sudakom (dative plural)
Sudak (accusative singular)
Sudaki (accusative plural)
Sudakiem (instrumental singular)
Sudakami (instrumental plural)
Sudaku (locative singular)
Sudakach (locative plural)
Sudaku (singular vocative)
Sudaki (plural vocative)


Mariupol

pl-proper noun

Mariupol m inan (related adjective mariupolski)

mariupolski (adjective)
Mariupol (nominative singular)
Mariupola (genitive singular)
Mariupolowi (dative singular)
Mariupol (accusative singular)
Mariupolem (instrumental singular)
Mariupolu (locative singular)
Mariupolu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Маріу́поль (Mariúpolʹ).

bor+

Mariupol (a city in Mariupol Raion, Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine, on the shore of the Sea of Azov, of the Black Sea)


Kramatorsk

pl-prop

Kramatorsk m inan (related adjective kramatorski)

kramatorski (adjective)
Kramatorsk (nominative singular)
Kramatorsku (genitive singular)
Kramatorskowi (dative singular)
Kramatorsk (accusative singular)
Kramatorskiem (instrumental singular)
Kramatorsku (locative singular)
Kramatorsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Крамато́рськ (Kramatórsʹk).

bor+

Крамато́рськ

Kramatorsk (a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine)


Trewir

Trewir (nominative singular)
Trewiru (genitive singular)
Trewirowi (dative singular)
Trewir (accusative singular)
Trewirem (instrumental singular)
Trewirze (locative singular)
Trewirze (singular vocative)


Teby

pl-prop

Teby nvir pl (related adjective tebański)

Thebes (a modern city in the regional unit of Boeotia, Greece)


Kadyks

Kadyks (nominative singular)
Kadyksu (genitive singular)
Kadyksowi (dative singular)
Kadyks (accusative singular)
Kadyksem (instrumental singular)
Kadyksie (locative singular)
Kadyksie (singular vocative)


Nysa

nyski (adjective)
Nysa (nominative singular)
Nysy (genitive singular)
Nysie (dative singular)
Nysę (accusative singular)
Nysą (instrumental singular)
Nysie (locative singular)
Nyso (singular vocative)

Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship#English

Nysa (a city in Opole Voivodeship, Poland)


Wormacja

Wormacja (nominative singular)
Wormacji (genitive singular)
Wormacji (dative singular)
Wormację (accusative singular)
Wormacją (instrumental singular)
Wormacji (locative singular)
Wormacjo (singular vocative)


Lemingrad

Lemingrad (nominative singular)
Lemingradu (genitive singular)
Lemingradowi (dative singular)
Lemingrad (accusative singular)
Lemingradem (instrumental singular)
Lemingradzie (locative singular)
Lemingradzie (singular vocative)

Blend of leming (“lemming, also: stereotypical centrist voter”) + Leningrad (“former name of Saint-Petersburg”).

blend

(slang, derogatory, humorous) derogatory name for Warsaw, the capital and largest city of Poland


Żyrardów

Żyrardów (nominative singular)
Żyrardowa (genitive singular)
Żyrardowowi (dative singular)
Żyrardów (accusative singular)
Żyrardowem (instrumental singular)
Żyrardowie (locative singular)
Żyrardowie (singular vocative)

From Żyrard + -ów, named after French engineer and inventor Philippe de Girard. The town was established in 1830 to manufacture linen with machines invented by Girard; Żyrard is an approximate phonetic rendering of his surname.

named-after

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Żyrardów (a city in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Gorzów

pl-proper noun

Gorzów m inan (related adjective gorzowski, demonym gorzowianin, female demonym gorzowianka)

gorzowski (adjective)
gorzowianin (demonym)
gorzowianka (demonym feminine)
Gorzów (nominative singular)
Gorzowa (genitive singular)
Gorzowowi (dative singular)
Gorzów (accusative singular)
Gorzowem (instrumental singular)
Gorzowie (locative singular)
Gorzowie (singular vocative)

Attested since 1847, derived from earlier Gorzowa or Gorzowo, which has the same meaning and is attested at least since 17th century. The two most probable etymologies are:
* gorzeć (“archaic: to burn, to be on fire”) + -ów. Currently the verb is more often spelled goreć.
* gorzeć (“obsolete: to distill”) + -ów. Remnants of this meaning are present in the words gorzelnia and gorzałka, which are still in use.
Before World War II, this was the official name of Gorzów Śląski, a town known in German as Landsberg. After the war, the name was changed to disambiguate it from Gorzów Wielkopolski, a different town also called Landsberg in the Recovered Territories, which had no commonly used Polish name and was renamed by analogy.

af

Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski#English

Lubusz Voivodeship
Lubusz Voivodeship#English

(informal) Gorzów Wielkopolski (one of two capitals of Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland)


Bełchatów

pl-proper noun

Bełchatów m inan (related adjective bełchatowski, demonym bełchatowianin, female demonym bełchatowianka)

bełchatowski (adjective)
bełchatowianin (demonym)
bełchatowianka (demonym feminine)
Bełchatów (nominative singular)
Bełchatowa (genitive singular)
Bełchatowowi (dative singular)
Bełchatów (accusative singular)
Bełchatowem (instrumental singular)
Bełchatowie (locative singular)
Bełchatowie (singular vocative)

From Bełchat + -ów. Bełchat is a surname, later recorded as Bełchacki, and may come from bełtać (“to mix, to talk unintelligibly”) or from dialectal bełkać, bełczeć (“to babble, to make a rustling sound”).

Lodz Voivodeship
Lodz Voivodeship#English

Bełchatów (a city in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland)


Sana

Sana (nominative singular)
Sany (genitive singular)
Sanie (dative singular)
Sanę (accusative singular)
Saną (instrumental singular)
Sanie (locative singular)
Sano (singular vocative)

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


Sajgon

pl-prop

Sajgon m inan (related adjective sajgoński)

sajgoński (adjective)
Sajgon (nominative singular)
Sajgonu (genitive singular)
Sajgonowi (dative singular)
Sajgon (accusative singular)
Sajgonem (instrumental singular)
Sajgonie (locative singular)
Sajgonie (singular vocative)

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


Almeria

Almeria (nominative singular)
Almerii (genitive singular)
Almerii (dative singular)
Almerię (accusative singular)
Almerią (instrumental singular)
Almerii (locative singular)
Almerio (singular vocative)
Almería (alternative)

Almeria (a city, the provincial capital of Almería, Andalusia, Spain)


Mikołów

Mikołów (nominative singular)
Mikołowa (genitive singular)
Mikołowowi (dative singular)
Mikołów (accusative singular)
Mikołowem (instrumental singular)
Mikołowie (locative singular)
Mikołowie (singular vocative)

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

a city in Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland


Mysłowice

Mysłowice nvir pl (related adjective mysłowicki, demonym mysłowiczanin, female demonym mysłowiczanka)

mysłowicki (adjective)
mysłowiczanin (demonym)
mysłowiczanka (demonym feminine)
Mysłowice (nominative plural)
Mysłowic (genitive plural)
Mysłowicom (dative plural)
Mysłowice (accusative plural)
Mysłowicami (instrumental plural)
Mysłowicach (locative plural)
Mysłowice (plural vocative)

Mysłowice (a city in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Świętochłowice

Świętochłowice nvir pl (related adjective świętochłowicki)

świętochłowicki (adjective)
Świętochłowice (nominative plural)
Świętochłowic (genitive plural)
Świętochłowicom (dative plural)
Świętochłowice (accusative plural)
Świętochłowicami (instrumental plural)
Świętochłowicach (locative plural)
Świętochłowice (plural vocative)

Świętochłowice (a city in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Racibórz

Racibórz (nominative singular)
Raciborza (genitive singular)
Raciborzowi (dative singular)
Racibórz (accusative singular)
Raciborzem (instrumental singular)
Raciborzu (locative singular)
Raciborzu (singular vocative)

Racibórz (a city in Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland)


Gniezno

Gniezno n (related adjective gnieźnieński, demonym gnieźnianin or gnieźnienka, female demonym gnieźnianka or gnieźnieńczyk)

gnieźnieński (adjective)
gnieźnianin (demonym)
gnieźnienka (demonym)
gnieźnianka (demonym feminine)
gnieźnieńczyk (demonym feminine)
Gniezno (nominative singular)
Gniezna (genitive singular)
Gnieznu (dative singular)
Gniezno (accusative singular)
Gnieznem (instrumental singular)
Gnieźnie (locative singular)
Gniezno (singular vocative)

Traditionally believed to be derived from gnieździć się + -no.

Gniezno (a city in Greater Poland, Poland)


Włodzimierz

Włodzimierz m inan (related adjective włodzimierski)

włodzimierski (adjective)
Włodzimierz (nominative singular)
Włodzimierza (genitive singular)
Włodzimierzowi (dative singular)
Włodzimierz (accusative singular)
Włodzimierzem (instrumental singular)
Włodzimierzu (locative singular)
Włodzimierzu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Влади́мир (Vladímir).

bor+

Vladimir (a city, the administrative centre of Vladimir Oblast, Russia)


Włodzimierz

Borrowed from Ukrainian Володи́мир (Volodýmyr).

Volodymyr (a city, administrative centre, and raion of Volyn Oblast, Ukraine)


Okazaki

Okazaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


Mesyna

Mesyna (nominative singular)
Mesyny (genitive singular)
Mesynie (dative singular)
Mesynę (accusative singular)
Mesyną (instrumental singular)
Mesynie (locative singular)
Mesyno (singular vocative)
Messyna (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian Messina, from Latin Messāna, from Ancient Greek Μεσσήνη (Messḗnē).


Messyna

Messyna (nominative singular)
Messyny (genitive singular)
Messynie (dative singular)
Messynę (accusative singular)
Messyną (instrumental singular)
Messynie (locative singular)
Messyno (singular vocative)


Thorshavn

Borrowed from Danish Thorshavn, from Faroese Tórshavn, from Old Norse Þórshǫfn.

Tórshavn (the capital city of the Faroe Islands)


Spira

Spira (nominative singular)
Spiry (genitive singular)
Spirze (dative singular)
Spirę (accusative singular)
Spirą (instrumental singular)
Spirze (locative singular)
Spiro (singular vocative)

Speyer (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Siemianowice Śląskie

pl-prop

Siemianowice Śląskie nvir pl (related adjective siemianowicki)

siemianowicki (adjective)
Siemianowice Śląskie (nominative plural)
Siemianowic Śląskich (genitive plural)
Siemianowicom Śląskim (dative plural)
Siemianowice Śląskie (accusative plural)
Siemianowicami Śląskimi (instrumental plural)
Siemianowicach Śląskich (locative plural)
Siemianowice Śląskie (plural vocative)

Siemianowice Śląskie
Siemianowice Śląskie#English

Siemianowice Śląskie (a city in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Skoczów

Skoczów (nominative singular)
Skoczowa (genitive singular)
Skoczowowi (dative singular)
Skoczów (accusative singular)
Skoczowem (instrumental singular)
Skoczowie (locative singular)
Skoczowie (singular vocative)


Lądek

Lądek (nominative singular)
Lądka (genitive singular)
Lądkowi (dative singular)
Lądek (accusative singular)
Lądkiem (instrumental singular)
Lądku (locative singular)
Lądku (singular vocative)

From a situational gag in the cult comedy film Miś, where a post office clerk refuses to send a telegram, saying that “There is no such city as London. There is Lądek, Lądek-Zdrój...”, maliciously pretending not to realize that the customer wants to send the telegram to England.

(humorous, slang) London (the capital and largest city of the United Kingdom)

(humorous, slang) London (the capital and largest city of England, United Kingdom)


Mohylew

Mohylew (nominative singular)
Mohylewa (genitive singular)
Mohylewowi (dative singular)
Mohylew (accusative singular)
Mohylewem (instrumental singular)
Mohylewie (locative singular)
Mohylewie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Магілёў (Mahiljóŭ).


Lubin

pl-proper noun

Lubin m inan (related adjective lubiński, demonym lubinianin, female demonym lubinianka)

lubiński (adjective)
lubinianin (demonym)
lubinianka (demonym feminine)
Lubin (nominative singular)
Lubina (genitive singular)
Lubinowi (dative singular)
Lubin (accusative singular)
Lubinem (instrumental singular)
Lubinie (locative singular)
Lubiniu (locative singular)
Lubinie (singular vocative)

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Lubin (a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Timiszoara

Timiszoara (nominative singular)
Timiszoary (genitive singular)
Timiszoarze (dative singular)
Timiszoarę (accusative singular)
Timiszoarą (instrumental singular)
Timiszoarze (locative singular)
Timiszoaro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Romanian Timișoara, from Hungarian Temesvár.


Reda

redzki (adjective)
Reda (nominative singular)
Redy (genitive singular)
Redzie (dative singular)
Redę (accusative singular)
Redą (instrumental singular)
Redzie (locative singular)
Redo (singular vocative)

Reda (a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland)


Akerman

pl-prop

Akerman m inan (related adjective akermański)

akermański (adjective)
Akerman (nominative singular)
Akermanu (genitive singular)
Akermanowi (dative singular)
Akerman (accusative singular)
Akermanem (instrumental singular)
Akermanie (locative singular)
Akermanie (singular vocative)
Akierman (alternative)
Akkerman (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آق كرمان (ak kerman).

bor+

Tam zdala błyszczy obłok? tam jutrzenka wschodzi?
To błyszczy Dniestr, to weszła lampa Akermanu.

1826, Adam Mickiewicz, Stepy akermańskie, lines 7–8:

Is there a cloud shining in the distance? There the dawn is rising?
The Dniester is shining, the lamp of Akerman has come in.

(historical) Akkerman (former name of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi)


Bida

Bida (nominative singular)
Bidy (genitive singular)
Bidzie (dative singular)
Bidę (accusative singular)
Bidą (instrumental singular)
Bidzie (locative singular)
Bido (singular vocative)


Kobryń

Kobryń (nominative singular)
Kobrynia (genitive singular)
Kobryniowi (dative singular)
Kobryń (accusative singular)
Kobryniem (instrumental singular)
Kobryniu (locative singular)
Kobryniu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Ко́брын (Kóbryn).


Lipowiec

pl-proper noun

Lipowiec m pers or f (related adjective lipowiecki)

lipowiecki (adjective)
Lipowiec (nominative singular)
Lipowcowie (nominative plural)
Lipowca (genitive singular)
Lipowców (genitive plural)
Lipowcowi (dative singular)
Lipowcom (dative plural)
Lipowca (accusative singular)
Lipowców (accusative plural)
Lipowcem (instrumental singular)
Lipowcami (instrumental plural)
Lipowcu (locative singular)
Lipowcach (locative plural)
Lipowcze (singular vocative)
Lipowcowie (plural vocative)

→ English: Lipowiec

Lypovets (a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine)


Mielec

pl-prop

Mielec m inan (related adjective mielecki, demonym mielczanin, female demonym mielczanka)

mielecki (adjective)
mielczanin (demonym)
mielczanka (demonym feminine)
Mielec (nominative singular)
Mielca (genitive singular)
Mielcowi (dative singular)
Mielec (accusative singular)
Mielcem (instrumental singular)
Mielcu (locative singular)
Mielcu (singular vocative)

Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English

Mielec (a city in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Buga

Buga (nominative singular)
Bugi (genitive singular)
Budze (dative singular)
Bugę (accusative singular)
Bugą (instrumental singular)
Budze (locative singular)
Bugo (singular vocative)

Buga (a city in Valle del Cauca department, Colombia)


Bangi

Bangi n (indeclinable, related adjective bangijski)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


Pireus

Pireus m inan (related adjective pireuski)

pireuski (adjective)
Pireus (nominative singular)
Pireusu (genitive singular)
Pireusowi (dative singular)
Pireus (accusative singular)
Pireusem (instrumental singular)
Pireusie (locative singular)
Pireusie (singular vocative)


Tarent

Tarent m inan (related adjective tarencki)

tarencki (adjective)
Tarent (nominative singular)
Tarentu (genitive singular)
Tarentowi (dative singular)
Tarent (accusative singular)
Tarentem (instrumental singular)
Tarencie (locative singular)
Tarencie (singular vocative)


Sławuta

pl-proper noun

Sławuta m pers or f (related adjective sławucki)

sławucki (adjective)
Sławuta (nominative singular)
Sławutowie (nominative plural)
Sławuty (genitive singular)
Sławutów (genitive plural)
Sławucie (dative singular)
Sławutom (dative plural)
Sławutę (accusative singular)
Sławutów (accusative plural)
Sławutą (instrumental singular)
Sławutami (instrumental plural)
Sławucie (locative singular)
Sławutach (locative plural)
Sławuto (singular vocative)
Sławutowie (plural vocative)
Sławuta (nominative singular)
Sławuty (nominative plural)
Sławuty (genitive singular)
Sławut (genitive plural)
Sławucie (dative singular)
Sławutom (dative plural)
Sławutę (accusative singular)
Sławuty (accusative plural)
Sławutą (instrumental singular)
Sławutami (instrumental plural)
Sławucie (locative singular)
Sławutach (locative plural)
Sławuto (singular vocative)
Sławuty (plural vocative)

Slavuta (a city in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine)


Zwoleń

pl-prop

Zwoleń m inan (related adjective zwoleński)

zwoleński (adjective)
Zwoleń (nominative singular)
Zwolenia (genitive singular)
Zwoleniowi (dative singular)
Zwoleń (accusative singular)
Zwoleniem (instrumental singular)
Zwoleniu (locative singular)
Zwoleniu (singular vocative)


Stryj

Stryj m inan (related adjective stryjski)

stryjski (adjective)
Stryj (nominative singular)
Stryja (genitive singular)
Stryjowi (dative singular)
Stryj (accusative singular)
Stryjem (instrumental singular)
Stryju (locative singular)
Stryju (singular vocative)

Stryi (a city, administrative centre, and raion of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine)


Rodos

Rodos (nominative singular)
Rodosu (genitive singular)
Rodosowi (dative singular)
Rodos (accusative singular)
Rodosem (instrumental singular)
Rodosie (locative singular)
Rodosie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek Ρόδος (Ródos), from Ancient Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos).

Rhodes (a city on the island of Rhodes, Greece)


Sokal

Sokal m inan (related adjective sokalski)

sokalski (adjective)
Sokal (nominative singular)
Sokala (genitive singular)
Sokalowi (dative singular)
Sokal (accusative singular)
Sokalem (instrumental singular)
Sokalu (locative singular)
Sokalu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Сока́ль (Sokálʹ).

bor+

Sokal (a city in Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine)


Nowy Sącz

Nowy Sącz (nominative singular)
Nowego Sączu (genitive singular)
Nowemu Sączowi (dative singular)
Nowy Sącz (accusative singular)
Nowym Sączem (instrumental singular)
Nowym Sączu (locative singular)
Nowy Sączu (singular vocative)

Literally, “New Sącz”, in contrast with Stary Sącz (“Old Sącz”). The form Sącz is attested since the mid-19th century, from earlier Sandecz, Sądecz (phonetic simplification of the genitive form Sądcza to Sącza, resulting in re-analysis of the nominative form as Sącz), from a personal name Sądek, Sędek + Proto-Slavic *-jь.

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Nowy Sącz (a city in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Konin

pl-proper noun

Konin m inan (related adjective koniński, demonym koninianin, female demonym koninianka)

koniński (adjective)
koninianin (demonym)
koninianka (demonym feminine)
Konin (nominative singular)
Konina (genitive singular)
Koninowi (dative singular)
Konin (accusative singular)
Koninem (instrumental singular)
Koninie (locative singular)
Koninie (singular vocative)

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

Konin (a city in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Siedlce

Siedlce (nominative plural)
Siedlec (genitive plural)
Siedlcom (dative plural)
Siedlce (accusative plural)
Siedlcami (instrumental plural)
Siedlcach (locative plural)
Siedlce (plural vocative)

Siedlce (a city in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Sieradz

pl-prop

Sieradz m inan (related adjective sieradzki)

sieradzki (adjective)
Sieradz (nominative singular)
Sieradza (genitive singular)
Sieradzowi (dative singular)
Sieradz (accusative singular)
Sieradzem (instrumental singular)
Sieradzu (locative singular)
Sieradzu (singular vocative)

Sieradz (a city in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland)


Korynt

Korynt (nominative singular)
Korynty (nominative plural)
Koryntu (genitive singular)
Koryntów (genitive plural)
Koryntowi (dative singular)
Koryntom (dative plural)
Korynt (accusative singular)
Korynty (accusative plural)
Koryntem (instrumental singular)
Koryntami (instrumental plural)
Koryncie (locative singular)
Koryntach (locative plural)
Koryncie (singular vocative)
Korynty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Corinthus, from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos).


Prudnik

Prudnik (nominative singular)
Prudnika (genitive singular)
Prudnikowi (dative singular)
Prudnik (accusative singular)
Prudnikiem (instrumental singular)
Prudniku (locative singular)
Prudniku (singular vocative)

a city in Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland


Tczew

Tczew m inan (related adjective tczewski)

tczewski (adjective)
Tczew (nominative singular)
Tczewu (genitive singular)
Tczewowi (dative singular)
Tczew (accusative singular)
Tczewem (instrumental singular)
Tczewie (locative singular)
Tczewie (singular vocative)

Tczew (a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Świnoujście

Świnoujście (nominative singular)
Świnoujścia (genitive singular)
Świnoujściu (dative singular)
Świnoujście (accusative singular)
Świnoujściem (instrumental singular)
Świnoujściu (locative singular)
Świnoujście (singular vocative)

From Świna + -o- + ujście. Calque of German Swinemünde.

West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Świnoujście (a city in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Antananarywa

Antananarywa (nominative singular)
Antananarywy (genitive singular)
Antananarywie (dative singular)
Antananarywę (accusative singular)
Antananarywą (instrumental singular)
Antananarywie (locative singular)
Antananarywo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Antananarivo.

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Przemyśl

Przemyśl m inan (related adjective przemyski)

przemyski (adjective)
Przemyśl (nominative singular)
Przemyśla (genitive singular)
Przemyślowi (dative singular)
Przemyśl (accusative singular)
Przemyślem (instrumental singular)
Przemyślu (locative singular)
Przemyślu (singular vocative)

Przemyśl (a city in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Wersal

pl-proper noun

Wersal m inan (related adjective wersalski)

wersalski (adjective)
Wersal (nominative singular)
Wersalu (genitive singular)
Wersalowi (dative singular)
Wersal (accusative singular)
Wersalem (instrumental singular)
Wersalu (locative singular)
Wersalu (singular vocative)

Versailles (a city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France)


Nałęczów

Nałęczów (nominative singular)
Nałęczowa (genitive singular)
Nałęczowowi (dative singular)
Nałęczowu (dative singular)
Nałęczów (accusative singular)
Nałęczowem (instrumental singular)
Nałęczowie (locative singular)
Nałęczowie (singular vocative)


Marrakesz

Marrakesz (nominative singular)
Marrakeszu (genitive singular)
Marrakeszowi (dative singular)
Marrakesz (accusative singular)
Marrakeszem (instrumental singular)
Marrakeszu (locative singular)
Marrakeszu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Marrakech. Doublet of Maroko.

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Ałmaty

Ałmaty (nominative plural)
Ałmatów (genitive plural)
Ałmatom (dative plural)
Ałmaty (accusative plural)
Ałmatami (instrumental plural)
Ałmatach (locative plural)
Ałmaty (plural vocative)


Mogadiszu

Borrowed from English Mogadishu, from Arabic مَقَدِيشُو (maqadīšū), from Persian شاه مقعد (literally “seat of the Shah”).

der

Arabic مَقَدِيشُو (maqadīšū)


Brugia

Brugia (nominative singular)
Brugii (genitive singular)
Brugii (dative singular)
Brugię (accusative singular)
Brugią (instrumental singular)
Brugii (locative singular)
Brugio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch Brugge, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Dubna

Dubna (nominative singular)
Dubnej (genitive singular)
Dubnej (dative singular)
Dubną (accusative singular)
Dubną (instrumental singular)
Dubnej (locative singular)
Dubna (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Дубна́ (Dubná), from Old East Slavic дубьнъ (dubĭnŭ), from дуб (dub).


Piekary

Piekary (nominative plural)
Piekar (genitive plural)
Piekarom (dative plural)
Piekary (accusative plural)
Piekarami (instrumental plural)
Piekarach (locative plural)
Piekary (plural vocative)

Uncertain; derived from either pieczara (“grotto”) or piekarz (“baker”).

(colloquial) Piekary Śląskie (a city and county of Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Rijad

Rijad (nominative singular)
Rijadu (genitive singular)
Rijadowi (dative singular)
Rijad (accusative singular)
Rijadem (instrumental singular)
Rijadzie (locative singular)
Rijadzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Abudża

Abudża (nominative singular)
Abudży (genitive singular)
Abudży (dative singular)
Abudżę (accusative singular)
Abudżą (instrumental singular)
Abudży (locative singular)
Abudżo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Abuja.


Sri Dźajawardanapura Kotte

pl-proper noun

Sri Dźajawardanapura Kotte n (indeclinable)

Transliteration of Tamil ஶ்ரீ ஜயவர்த்தனபுரம் கோட்டை (śrī jayavarttaṉapuram kōṭṭai).

translit

ஶ்ரீ ஜயவர்த்தனபுரம் கோட்டை

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte#English

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (the capital city of Sri Lanka)


Ndżamena

Ndżamena (nominative singular)
Ndżameny (genitive singular)
Ndżamenie (dative singular)
Ndżamenę (accusative singular)
Ndżameną (instrumental singular)
Ndżamenie (locative singular)
Ndżameno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic نِجَامِينَا (nijāmīnā).

bor+

N'Djamena (the capital and largest city of Chad)


Kinszasa

Kinszasa (nominative singular)
Kinszasy (genitive singular)
Kinszasie (dative singular)
Kinszasę (accusative singular)
Kinszasą (instrumental singular)
Kinszasie (locative singular)
Kinszaso (singular vocative)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Windhuk

Windhuk (nominative singular)
Windhuku (genitive singular)
Windhukowi (dative singular)
Windhuk (accusative singular)
Windhukiem (instrumental singular)
Windhuku (locative singular)
Windhuku (singular vocative)


Bużumbura

Bużumbura (nominative singular)
Bużumbury (genitive singular)
Bużumburze (dative singular)
Bużumburę (accusative singular)
Bużumburą (instrumental singular)
Bużumburze (locative singular)
Bużumburo (singular vocative)


Dżuba

Dżuba (nominative singular)
Dżuby (genitive singular)
Dżubie (dative singular)
Dżubę (accusative singular)
Dżubą (instrumental singular)
Dżubie (locative singular)
Dżubo (singular vocative)


Skarżysko-Kamienna

pl-prop

Skarżysko-Kamienna n (related adjective skarżyski)

skarżyski (adjective)
Skarżysko-Kamienna (nominative singular)
Skarżyska-Kamiennej (genitive singular)
Skarżysku-Kamiennej (dative singular)
Skarżysko-Kamienną (accusative singular)
Skarżyskiem-Kamienną (instrumental singular)
Skarżysku-Kamiennej (locative singular)
Skarżysko-Kamienno (singular vocative)

Holy Cross Voivodeship
Holy Cross Voivodeship#English

a city in Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland


Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (nominative singular)
Ostrowca Świętokrzyskiego (genitive singular)
Ostrowcowi Świętokrzyskiemu (dative singular)
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (accusative singular)
Ostrowcem Świętokrzyskim (instrumental singular)
Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim (locative singular)
Ostrowcu Świętokrzyski (singular vocative)

From ostrów (“river island”) via Ostrów, the former village on the site, + -iec; the adjective świętokrzyski (“of the Holy Cross”) refers to the voivodeship where it is located, see Świętokrzyskie.

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski#English

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (a city in Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland)


Tarnobrzeg

Tarnobrzeg m inan (related adjective tarnobrzeski)

tarnobrzeski (adjective)
Tarnobrzeg (nominative singular)
Tarnobrzega (genitive singular)
Tarnobrzegu (genitive singular)
Tarnobrzegowi (dative singular)
Tarnobrzeg (accusative singular)
Tarnobrzegiem (instrumental singular)
Tarnobrzegu (locative singular)
Tarnobrzegu (singular vocative)

From Tarno(wski) + brzeg. It was founded by the House of Tarnowski and follows a similar naming structure to other cities founded by them (Tarnopol, Tarnogród).

Meronyms: Borek, Góra, Machów

Tarnobrzeg (a city in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Starachowice

Starachowice (nominative plural)
Starachowic (genitive plural)
Starachowicom (dative plural)
Starachowice (accusative plural)
Starachowicami (instrumental plural)
Starachowicach (locative plural)
Starachowice (plural vocative)

Starachowice (a city in Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland)


Piotrków Trybunalski

Piotrków Trybunalski (nominative singular)
Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego (genitive singular)
Piotrkowowi Trybunalskiemu (dative singular)
Piotrków Trybunalski (accusative singular)
Piotrkowem Trybunalskim (instrumental singular)
Piotrkowie Trybunalskim (locative singular)
Piotrkowie Trybunalski (singular vocative)

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski#English

Piotrków Trybunalski (a city in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland)


Pietropawłowsk Kamczacki

Pietropawłowsk Kamczacki (nominative singular)
Pietropawłowska Kamczackiego (genitive singular)
Pietropawłowskowi Kamczackiemu (dative singular)
Pietropawłowsk Kamczacki (accusative singular)
Pietropawłowskiem Kamczackim (instrumental singular)
Pietropawłowsku Kamczackim (locative singular)
Pietropawłowsku Kamczacki (singular vocative)

Partial calque of Russian Петропа́вловск-Камча́тский (Petropávlovsk-Kamčátskij).

partial calque

Петропа́вловск-Камча́тский

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (the administrative centre and largest city in Kamchatka Krai, Russia)


Eupatoria

pl-proper noun

Eupatoria f (related adjective eupatoryjski)

eupatoryjski (adjective)
Eupatoria (nominative singular)
Eupatorii (genitive singular)
Eupatorii (dative singular)
Eupatorię (accusative singular)
Eupatorią (instrumental singular)
Eupatorii (locative singular)
Eupatorio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Εὐπατορία (Eupatoría).

lbor

Yevpatoria (A resort city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia)


Majkop

Majkop (nominative singular)
Majkopu (genitive singular)
Majkopowi (dative singular)
Majkop (accusative singular)
Majkopem (instrumental singular)
Majkopie (locative singular)
Majkopie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Майко́п (Majkóp).

translit

Maykop (the capital and largest city of Adygea, Russia)


Joszkar-Oła

Joszkar-Oła (nominative singular)
Joszkar-Oły (genitive singular)
Joszkar-Ole (dative singular)
Joszkar-Ołę (accusative singular)
Joszkar-Ołą (instrumental singular)
Joszkar-Ole (locative singular)
Joszkar-Oło (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Йошка́р-Ола́ (Joškár-Olá), from Eastern Mari Йошкар-Ола (Joškar-Ola, “Yoshkar-Ola”), from йошкар (joškar, “red”) and ола (ola, “city”).

Йошка́р-Ола́

der

Yoshkar-Ola (the capital and largest city of Mari El, Russia)


Stargard

Stargard (nominative singular)
Stargardu (genitive singular)
Stargardowi (dative singular)
Stargard (accusative singular)
Stargardem (instrumental singular)
Stargardzie (locative singular)
Stargardzie (singular vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *starъ (“old”) + *gordъ (“town, city”).

Stargard (a city in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Chełm

pl-proper noun

Chełm m inan (related adjective chełmski, demonym chełmianin, female demonym chełmianka)

chełmski (adjective)
chełmianin (demonym)
chełmianka (demonym feminine)
Chełm (nominative singular)
Chełma (genitive singular)
Chełmowi (dative singular)
Chełm (accusative singular)
Chełmem (instrumental singular)
Chełmie (locative singular)
Chełmie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xъlmъ (“hill”).

inh+

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship#English

Chełm (a city in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)


Łuck

łucki (adjective)
Łuck (nominative singular)
Łucka (genitive singular)
Łuckowi (dative singular)
Łuck (accusative singular)
Łuckiem (instrumental singular)
Łucku (locative singular)
Łucku (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Ukrainian Луцьк (Lucʹk).


Równe

pl-proper noun

Równe n (related adjective rówieński, demonym równianin, female demonym równianka)

rówieński (adjective)
równianin (demonym)
równianka (demonym feminine)
Równe (nominative singular)
Równego (genitive singular)
Równemu (dative singular)
Równe (accusative singular)
Równem (instrumental singular)
Równem (locative singular)
Równe (singular vocative)


Ługańsk

Ługańsk m inan (related adjective ługański)

ługański (adjective)
Ługańsk (nominative singular)
Ługańska (genitive singular)
Ługańskowi (dative singular)
Ługańsk (accusative singular)
Ługańskiem (instrumental singular)
Ługańsku (locative singular)
Ługańsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Луга́нск (Lugánsk).


Połtawa

pl-proper noun

Połtawa f (related adjective połtawski, demonym połtawianin, female demonym połtawianka)

połtawski (adjective)
połtawianin (demonym)
połtawianka (demonym feminine)
Połtawa (nominative singular)
Połtawy (genitive singular)
Połtawie (dative singular)
Połtawę (accusative singular)
Połtawą (instrumental singular)
Połtawie (locative singular)
Połtawo (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).


Kowel

pl-proper noun

Kowel m inan (related adjective kowelski)

kowelski (adjective)
Kowel (nominative singular)
Kowla (genitive singular)
Kowlowi (dative singular)
Kowel (accusative singular)
Kowlem (instrumental singular)
Kowlu (locative singular)
Kowlu (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Ukrainian Ко́вель (Kóvelʹ).


Żytomierz

pl-proper noun

Żytomierz m inan (related adjective żytomierski, demonym żytomierzanin, female demonym żytomierzanka)

żytomierski (adjective)
żytomierzanin (demonym)
żytomierzanka (demonym feminine)
Żytomierz (nominative singular)
Żytomierza (genitive singular)
Żytomierzowi (dative singular)
Żytomierz (accusative singular)
Żytomierzem (instrumental singular)
Żytomierzu (locative singular)
Żytomierzu (singular vocative)

/ʐɘˈtɔ.mjɛʂ/

Borrowed from Ukrainian Жито́мир (Žytómyr).


Użhorod

pl-proper noun

Użhorod m inan (related adjective użhorodzki)

użhorodzki (adjective)
Użhorod (nominative singular)
Użhorodu (genitive singular)
Użhorodowi (dative singular)
Użhorod (accusative singular)
Użhorodem (instrumental singular)
Użhorodzie (locative singular)
Użhorodzie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Ukrainian У́жгород (Úžhorod).


Zaporoże

pl-prop

Zaporoże n (related adjective zaporoski)

zaporoski (adjective)
Zaporoże (nominative singular)
Zaporoża (genitive singular)
Zaporożu (dative singular)
Zaporoże (accusative singular)
Zaporożem (instrumental singular)
Zaporożu (locative singular)
Zaporoże (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Запоро́жье (Zaporóžʹje). Piecewise doublet of zaproże.

bor+

Zaporizhzhia (an industrial city and urban hromada, the administrative center of Zaporizhzhia Raion and Zaporizhzhia Oblast, in south-central Ukraine, on the Dnipro River)


Mikołajów

pl-proper noun

Mikołajów m inan (related adjective mikołajowski)

mikołajowski (adjective)
Mikołajów (nominative singular)
Mikołajowa (genitive singular)
Mikołajowowi (dative singular)
Mikołajów (accusative singular)
Mikołajowem (instrumental singular)
Mikołajowie (locative singular)
Mikołajowie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Микола́їв (Mykolájiv).


Brześć

Brześć (nominative singular)
Brześcia (genitive singular)
Brześciowi (dative singular)
Brześć (accusative singular)
Brześciem (instrumental singular)
Brześciu (locative singular)
Brześciu (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *berstьje (compare Belarusian Бе́расце (Bjérascje), Ukrainian Бере́стя (Beréstja)), from *berstъ. Doublet of brzost, Brzeszcze, Brześce, Brzeście, Brzeźce, and Brzyście.


Pińsk

Pińsk (nominative singular)
Pińska (genitive singular)
Pińskowi (dative singular)
Pińsk (accusative singular)
Pińskiem (instrumental singular)
Pińsku (locative singular)
Pińsku (singular vocative)


Koszyce

Koszyce (nominative plural)
Koszyc (genitive plural)
Koszycom (dative plural)
Koszyce (accusative plural)
Koszycami (instrumental plural)
Koszycach (locative plural)
Koszyce (plural vocative)

/kɔˈʂɘ.t͡sɛ/


Trenczyn

Trenczyn (nominative singular)
Trenczyna (genitive singular)
Trenczynowi (dative singular)
Trenczyn (accusative singular)
Trenczynem (instrumental singular)
Trenczynie (locative singular)
Trenczynie (singular vocative)


Preszów

Preszów (nominative singular)
Preszowa (genitive singular)
Preszowowi (dative singular)
Preszowu (dative singular)
Preszów (accusative singular)
Preszowem (instrumental singular)
Preszowie (locative singular)
Preszowie (singular vocative)


Żylina

Żylina (nominative singular)
Żyliny (genitive singular)
Żylinie (dative singular)
Żylinę (accusative singular)
Żyliną (instrumental singular)
Żylinie (locative singular)
Żylino (singular vocative)


Kołobrzeg

pl-proper noun

Kołobrzeg m inan (related adjective kołobrzeski, demonym kołobrzeżanin, female demonym kołobrzeżanka)

kołobrzeski (adjective)
kołobrzeżanin (demonym)
kołobrzeżanka (demonym feminine)
Kołobrzeg (nominative singular)
Kołobrzegu (genitive singular)
Kołobrzegowi (dative singular)
Kołobrzeg (accusative singular)
Kołobrzegiem (instrumental singular)
Kołobrzegu (locative singular)
Kołobrzegu (singular vocative)

a city in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland


Tyflis

Tyflis (nominative singular)
Tyflisu (genitive singular)
Tyflisowi (dative singular)
Tyflis (accusative singular)
Tyflisem (instrumental singular)
Tyflisie (locative singular)
Tyflisie (singular vocative)

(historical) Tbilisi (the capital city of Georgia)


Ełk

pl-prop

Ełk m inan (related adjective ełcki, demonym ełczanin, female demonym ełczanka)

ełcki (adjective)
ełczanin (demonym)
ełczanka (demonym feminine)
Ełk (nominative singular)
Ełku (genitive singular)
Ełkowi (dative singular)
Ełk (accusative singular)
Ełkiem (instrumental singular)
Ełku (locative singular)
Ełku (singular vocative)

Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship#English

Ełk (a city in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland)


Łomża

pl-proper noun

Łomża f (related adjective łomżyński, demonym łomżanin, female demonym łomżanka)

łomżyński (adjective)
łomżanin (demonym)
łomżanka (demonym feminine)
Łomża (nominative singular)
Łomży (genitive singular)
Łomży (dative singular)
Łomżę (accusative singular)
Łomżą (instrumental singular)
Łomży (locative singular)
Łomżo (singular vocative)

Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship#English


Suchumi

Borrowed from Russian Суху́ми (Suxúmi), from Georgian სოხუმი (soxumi).

Sukhumi (the capital city of Abkhazia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia)


Cchinwali

Borrowed from Russian Цхинва́ли (Cxinváli), from Georgian ცხინვალი (cxinvali), from Old Georgian krtskhinvali (“land of hornbeams”), from earlier krtskhilvani.

der

Tskhinvali (the capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia)


Lipieck

Lipieck (nominative singular)
Lipiecka (genitive singular)
Lipieckowi (dative singular)
Lipieck (accusative singular)
Lipieckiem (instrumental singular)
Lipiecku (locative singular)
Lipiecku (singular vocative)

Lipetsk (a city, the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia)


Tambow

Tambow (nominative singular)
Tambowa (genitive singular)
Tambowowi (dative singular)
Tambow (accusative singular)
Tambowem (instrumental singular)
Tambowie (locative singular)
Tambowie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Тамбо́в (Tambóv), from a Moksha language word meaning wetland.

Tambov (a city, the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, Russia)


Swierdłowsk

Swierdłowsk (nominative singular)
Swierdłowska (genitive singular)
Swierdłowskowi (dative singular)
Swierdłowsk (accusative singular)
Swierdłowskiem (instrumental singular)
Swierdłowsku (locative singular)
Swierdłowsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Свердло́вск (Sverdlóvsk).

bor+

(historical) Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


Pietropawłowsk

Pietropawłowsk (nominative singular)
Pietropawłowska (genitive singular)
Pietropawłowskowi (dative singular)
Pietropawłowsk (accusative singular)
Pietropawłowskiem (instrumental singular)
Pietropawłowsku (locative singular)
Pietropawłowsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Петропа́вловск (Petropávlovsk).

Петропа́вловск


Rostów nad Donem

Rostów nad Donem (nominative singular)
Rostowu nad Donem (genitive singular)
Rostowowi nad Donem (dative singular)
Rostów nad Donem (accusative singular)
Rostowem nad Donem (instrumental singular)
Rostowie nad Donem (locative singular)
Rostowie nad Donem (singular vocative)

Calque of Russian Росто́в-на-Дону́ (Rostóv-na-Donú).

cal

Росто́в-на-Дону́

Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-na-Donu (a city, the administrative center of Rostov Oblast, Russia)


Rostów

Rostów (nominative singular)
Rostowa (genitive singular)
Rostowowi (dative singular)
Rostów (accusative singular)
Rostowem (instrumental singular)
Rostowie (locative singular)
Rostowie (singular vocative)

Rostov (a city in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia)


Riazań

Riazań (nominative singular)
Riazania (genitive singular)
Riazaniowi (dative singular)
Riazań (accusative singular)
Riazaniem (instrumental singular)
Riazaniu (locative singular)
Riazaniu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ряза́нь (Rjazánʹ).

Ryazan (a city, the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia)


Sewastopol

pl-proper noun

Sewastopol m inan (related adjective sewastopolski)

sewastopolski (adjective)
Sewastopol (nominative singular)
Sewastopola (genitive singular)
Sewastopolowi (dative singular)
Sewastopol (accusative singular)
Sewastopolem (instrumental singular)
Sewastopolu (locative singular)
Sewastopolu (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Ukrainian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ), from Greek Σεβαστούπολη (Sevastoúpoli), from Koine Greek σεβαστός (sebastós, “venerable, august”) and πόλις (pólis, “city”).

translit

Севасто́поль

der

Σεβαστούπολη

Sevastopol (a city in Ukraine and city in Russia)


Symferopol

pl-prop

Symferopol m inan (related adjective symferopolski, demonym symferopolczyk, female demonym symferopolka)

symferopolski (adjective)
symferopolczyk (demonym)
symferopolka (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Сімферо́поль (Simferópolʹ), from Ancient Greek Συμφερόπολις (Sumpherópolis, “city of usefulness”).

bor+

Сімферо́поль

der

Συμφερόπολις

Simferopol (the capital city of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine and capital city of the Republic of Crimea, Russia)


Nur-Sułtan

Nur-Sułtan (nominative singular)
Nur-Sułtana (genitive singular)
Nur-Sułtanowi (dative singular)
Nur-Sułtan (accusative singular)
Nur-Sułtanem (instrumental singular)
Nur-Sułtanie (locative singular)
Nur-Sułtanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Kazakh Нұр-Сұлтан (Nūr-Sūltan).

bor+

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan)


Uralsk

Uralsk (nominative singular)
Uralska (genitive singular)
Uralskowi (dative singular)
Uralsk (accusative singular)
Uralskiem (instrumental singular)
Uralsku (locative singular)
Uralsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ура́льск (Urálʹsk), from Kazakh Орал (Oral).


Lukka

Lukka (nominative singular)
Lukki (genitive singular)
Lukce (dative singular)
Lukkę (accusative singular)
Lukką (instrumental singular)
Lukce (locative singular)
Lukko (singular vocative)

Lucca (the capital city of the province of Lucca, Tuscany, Italy)


Port-of-Spain

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)


Saint George's

St. George's (the capital city of Grenada)


Hajfa

hajfański (adjective)
Hajfa (nominative singular)
Hajfy (genitive singular)
Hajfie (dative singular)
Hajfę (accusative singular)
Hajfą (instrumental singular)
Hajfie (locative singular)
Hajfo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic حَيْفَا (ḥayfā), from Hebrew חיפה (kheifa).


Fryburg

Fryburg (nominative singular)
Fryburga (genitive singular)
Fryburgowi (dative singular)
Fryburg (accusative singular)
Fryburgiem (instrumental singular)
Fryburgu (locative singular)
Fryburgu (singular vocative)

Fribourg (the capital city of Fribourg canton, Switzerland)


Pecz

pl-prop

Pecz m inan (related adjective peczeński)

peczeński (adjective)
Pecz (nominative singular)
Peczu (genitive singular)
Peczowi (dative singular)
Pecz (accusative singular)
Peczem (instrumental singular)
Peczu (locative singular)
Peczu (singular vocative)

Pécs (a city, the county seat of Baranya County, Hungary)


Połock

Połock (nominative singular)
Połocka (genitive singular)
Połockowi (dative singular)
Połock (accusative singular)
Połockiem (instrumental singular)
Połocku (locative singular)
Połocku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian По́лацк (Pólack).


Piła

pilski (adjective)
Piła (nominative singular)
Piły (genitive singular)
Pile (dative singular)
Piłę (accusative singular)
Piłą (instrumental singular)
Pile (locative singular)
Piło (singular vocative)

Piła (a city in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Kutno

pl-prop

Kutno n (related adjective kutnowski or kucieński, demonym kutnianin, female demonym kutnianka)

kutnowski (adjective)
kucieński (adjective)
kutnianin (demonym)
kutnianka (demonym feminine)
Kutno (nominative singular)
Kutna (genitive singular)
Kutnu (dative singular)
Kutno (accusative singular)
Kutnem (instrumental singular)
Kutnie (locative singular)
Kutno (singular vocative)

Lodz Voivodeship
Lodz Voivodeship#English

Kutno (a city in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland)


Stalowa Wola

Stalowa Wola (nominative singular)
Stalowej Woli (genitive singular)
Stalowej Woli (dative singular)
Stalową Wolę (accusative singular)
Stalową Wolą (instrumental singular)
Stalowej Woli (locative singular)
Stalowa Wolo (singular vocative)

Stalowa Wola (a city in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Tarnowskie Góry

Tarnowskie Góry (nominative plural)
Tarnowskich Gór (genitive plural)
Tarnowskim Górom (dative plural)
Tarnowskie Góry (accusative plural)
Tarnowskimi Górami (instrumental plural)
Tarnowskich Górach (locative plural)
Tarnowskie Góry (plural vocative)

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Tarnowskie Góry (a city in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Kędzierzyn-Koźle

Kędzierzyn-Koźle (nominative singular)
Kędzierzyna-Koźla (genitive singular)
Kędzierzynowi-Koźlu (dative singular)
Kędzierzyn-Koźle (accusative singular)
Kędzierzynem-Koźlem (instrumental singular)
Kędzierzynie-Koźlu (locative singular)
Kędzierzynie-Koźlu (singular vocative)

/kɛɲˈd͡ʑɛ.ʐɘn ˈkɔ.ʑlɛ/

Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship#English

Kędzierzyn-Koźle (a city in Opole Voivodeship, Poland)


Świdnica

Świdnica (nominative singular)
Świdnicy (genitive singular)
Świdnicy (dative singular)
Świdnicę (accusative singular)
Świdnicą (instrumental singular)
Świdnicy (locative singular)
Świdnico (singular vocative)

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Świdnica (a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Orlean

Orlean (nominative singular)
Orleanu (genitive singular)
Orleanowi (dative singular)
Orlean (accusative singular)
Orleanem (instrumental singular)
Orleanie (locative singular)
Orleanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Orléans, from Latin Aurelianum.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (a city, the capital of Loiret department, France; the regional capital of Centre-Val de Loire)


Płowdiw

Płowdiw (nominative singular)
Płowdiwu (genitive singular)
Płowdiwowi (dative singular)
Płowdiw (accusative singular)
Płowdiwem (instrumental singular)
Płowdiwie (locative singular)
Płowdiwie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Bulgarian Пло́вдив (Plóvdiv).


Karlowe Wary

Karlowe Wary (nominative plural)
Karlowych Warów (genitive plural)
Karlowym Warom (dative plural)
Karlowe Wary (accusative plural)
Karlowymi Warami (instrumental plural)
Karlowych Warach (locative plural)
Karlowe Wary (plural vocative)

Karlovy Vary (a city in the Czech Republic)


Pruszków

pl-prop

Pruszków m inan (related adjective pruszkowski)

pruszkowski (adjective)
Pruszków (nominative singular)
Pruszkowa (genitive singular)
Pruszkowowi (dative singular)
Pruszków (accusative singular)
Pruszkowem (instrumental singular)
Pruszkowie (locative singular)
Pruszkowie (singular vocative)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Pruszków (a city in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Otwock

Otwock (nominative singular)
Otwocka (genitive singular)
Otwockowi (dative singular)
Otwock (accusative singular)
Otwockiem (instrumental singular)
Otwocku (locative singular)
Otwocku (singular vocative)

Otwock (a city in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Miasto Aniołów

Miasto Aniołów (nominative singular)
Miasta Aniołów (genitive singular)
Miastu Aniołów (dative singular)
Miasto Aniołów (accusative singular)
Miastem Aniołów (instrumental singular)
Miaście Aniołów (locative singular)
Miasto Aniołów (singular vocative)

(idiomatic, literary) City of Angels (Los Angeles)


Lejda

Lejda (nominative singular)
Lejdy (genitive singular)
Lejdzie (dative singular)
Lejdę (accusative singular)
Lejdą (instrumental singular)
Lejdzie (locative singular)
Lejdo (singular vocative)

Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)


Chersoń

Chersoń m inan (related adjective chersoński)

chersoński (adjective)
Chersoń (nominative singular)
Chersonia (genitive singular)
Chersoniowi (dative singular)
Chersoń (accusative singular)
Chersoniem (instrumental singular)
Chersoniu (locative singular)
Chersoniu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Херсо́н (Xersón), from Ancient Greek Χερσόνησος (Khersónēsos).

Kherson (a city, the administrative center of Kherson Oblast, in southern Ukraine)


Syjon

Syjon m inan (related adjective syjoński)

syjoński (adjective)
Syjon (nominative singular)
Syjonu (genitive singular)
Syjonowi (dative singular)
Syjon (accusative singular)
Syjonem (instrumental singular)
Syjonie (locative singular)
Syjonie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Sion.

lbor

(figuratively) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Pabianice

pl-proper noun

Pabianice nvir pl (demonym pabianiczanin, female demonym pabianiczanka)

pabianiczanin (demonym)
pabianiczanka (demonym feminine)
Pabianice (nominative plural)
Pabianic (genitive plural)
Pabianicom (dative plural)
Pabianice (accusative plural)
Pabianicami (instrumental plural)
Pabianicach (locative plural)
Pabianice (plural vocative)


Niżny Nowogród

Niżny Nowogród (nominative singular)
Niżnego Nowogrodu (genitive singular)
Niżnemu Nowogrodowi (dative singular)
Niżny Nowogród (accusative singular)
Niżnym Nowogrodem (instrumental singular)
Niżnym Nowogrodzie (locative singular)
Niżny Nowogrodzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ни́жний Но́вгород (Nížnij Nóvgorod).

bor+

Ни́жний Но́вгород

Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod#English:_Q891

Nizhny Novgorod (the capital city of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia; the fourth-largest in the country by population)


Lipawa

Lipawa (nominative singular)
Lipawy (genitive singular)
Lipawie (dative singular)
Lipawę (accusative singular)
Lipawą (instrumental singular)
Lipawie (locative singular)
Lipawo (singular vocative)

Liepāja (a city in the Courland region, Latvia)


Drohobycz

pl-prop

Drohobycz m inan (related adjective drohobycki)

drohobycki (adjective)
Drohobycz (nominative singular)
Drohobycza (genitive singular)
Drohobyczowi (dative singular)
Drohobycz (accusative singular)
Drohobyczem (instrumental singular)
Drohobyczu (locative singular)
Drohobyczu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Дрого́бич (Drohóbyč).

bor+

Drohobych (a city, administrative centre, and raion of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine)


Konstancja

Konstancja (nominative singular)
Konstancji (genitive singular)
Konstancji (dative singular)
Konstancję (accusative singular)
Konstancją (instrumental singular)
Konstancji (locative singular)
Konstancjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Constantia.

Konstanz (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Tel Awiw

pl-prop

Tel Awiw m inan (related adjective telawiwski)

telawiwski (adjective)
Tel Awiw (nominative singular)
Tel Awiwu (genitive singular)
Tel Awiwowi (dative singular)
Tel Awiw (accusative singular)
Tel Awiwem (instrumental singular)
Tel Awiwie (locative singular)
Tel Awiwie (singular vocative)


Tel Awiw-Jafa

Tel Awiw-Jafa (nominative singular)
Tel Awiwu-Jafy (genitive singular)
Tel Awiwowi-Jafie (dative singular)
Tel Awiwu-Jafę (accusative singular)
Tel Awiwem-Jafą (instrumental singular)
Tel Awiwie-Jafie (locative singular)
Tel Awiwie-Jafo (singular vocative)


Wieczne Miasto

Wieczne Miasto (nominative singular)
Wiecznego Miasta (genitive singular)
Wiecznemu Miastu (dative singular)
Wieczne Miasto (accusative singular)
Wiecznym Miastem (instrumental singular)
Wiecznym Mieście (locative singular)
Wieczne Miasto (singular vocative)

Literally, “Eternal City”. Calque of Latin Urbs Aeterna.

(literary, periphrastic) Eternal City (nickname for Rome, the capital of Italy)


Wyborg

Wyborg (nominative singular)
Wyborga (genitive singular)
Wyborgowi (dative singular)
Wyborg (accusative singular)
Wyborgiem (instrumental singular)
Wyborgu (locative singular)
Wyborgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Вы́борг (Výborg), from Swedish Viborg.


Puławy

Puławy (nominative plural)
Puław (genitive plural)
Puławom (dative plural)
Puławy (accusative plural)
Puławami (instrumental plural)
Puławach (locative plural)
Puławy (plural vocative)

Puławy (a city in eastern Poland, Lublin Voivodeship)


Rewel

Rewel (nominative singular)
Rewla (genitive singular)
Rewlowi (dative singular)
Rewel (accusative singular)
Rewlem (instrumental singular)
Rewlu (locative singular)
Rewlu (singular vocative)

(historical) Reval (the capital city of Estonia)


Narwa

Narwa (nominative singular)
Narwy (genitive singular)
Narwie (dative singular)
Narwę (accusative singular)
Narwą (instrumental singular)
Narwie (locative singular)
Narwo (singular vocative)

Narva (a city and municipality of Estonia)


Kluż-Napoka

Kluż-Napoka (nominative singular)
Klużu-Napoki (genitive singular)
Klużowi-Napoce (dative singular)
Kluż-Napokę (accusative singular)
Klużem-Napoką (instrumental singular)
Klużu-Napoce (locative singular)
Klużu-Napoko (singular vocative)


Jassy

jaski (adjective)
Jassy (nominative plural)
Jass (genitive plural)
Jassów (genitive plural)
Jassom (dative plural)
Jassy (accusative plural)
Jassami (instrumental plural)
Jassach (locative plural)
Jassy (plural vocative)


Naryn

Naryn (nominative singular)
Narynu (genitive singular)
Narynowi (dative singular)
Naryn (accusative singular)
Narynem (instrumental singular)
Narynie (locative singular)
Narynie (singular vocative)


Stalińsk

Stalińsk (nominative singular)
Stalińsku (genitive singular)
Stalińskowi (dative singular)
Stalińsk (accusative singular)
Stalińskiem (instrumental singular)
Stalińsku (locative singular)
Stalińsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ста́линск (Stálinsk), named after Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.

named-after

(historical) Novokuznetsk (a city in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia) (historical name used from 1932 to 1961)


Maribor

pl-prop

Maribor m inan (related adjective mariborski)

mariborski (adjective)
Maribor (nominative singular)
Mariboru (genitive singular)
Mariborowi (dative singular)
Maribor (accusative singular)
Mariborem (instrumental singular)
Mariborze (locative singular)
Mariborze (singular vocative)


Popasna

Popasna (nominative singular)
Popasny (genitive singular)
Popaśnie (dative singular)
Popasnę (accusative singular)
Popasną (instrumental singular)
Popaśnie (locative singular)
Popasno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Попа́сна (Popásna).

bor+

Popasna (a city, the administrative centre of Popasna urban hromada, Siverskodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded as a railway station in 1878, occupied by Russian forces since May 2022, heavily damaged during the war in Donbas and then razed to the ground during the Battle of Popasna)


Winnica

winnicki (adjective)
Winnica (nominative singular)
Winnicy (genitive singular)
Winnicy (dative singular)
Winnicę (accusative singular)
Winnicą (instrumental singular)
Winnicy (locative singular)
Winnico (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Ві́нниця (Vínnycja), from Old Ruthenian Ви́нница (Vínnica).

Vinnytsia (a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, in western Ukraine)


Czernihów

pl-proper noun

Czernihów m inan (related adjective czernihowski)

czernihowski (adjective)
Czernihów (nominative singular)
Czernihowa (genitive singular)
Czernihowowi (dative singular)
Czernihowu (dative singular)
Czernihów (accusative singular)
Czernihowem (instrumental singular)
Czernihowie (locative singular)
Czernihowie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Черні́гів (Černíhiv).

bor+

Chernihiv (a city in Chernihiv Oblast, in northern Ukraine)


Stanisławów

pl-proper noun

Stanisławów m inan (related adjective stanisławowski)

stanisławowski (adjective)
Stanisławów (nominative singular)
Stanisławowa (genitive singular)
Stanisławowowi (dative singular)
Stanisławowu (dative singular)
Stanisławów (accusative singular)
Stanisławowem (instrumental singular)
Stanisławowie (locative singular)
Stanisławowie (singular vocative)

(historical) Stanyslaviv (a city in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine)


Krzywy Róg

Krzywy Róg m inan (related adjective krzyworoski)

krzyworoski (adjective)
Krzywy Róg (nominative singular)
Krzywego Rogu (genitive singular)
Krzywemu Rogowi (dative singular)
Krzywy Róg (accusative singular)
Krzywym Rogiem (instrumental singular)
Krzywym Rogu (locative singular)
Krzywy Rogu (singular vocative)

Calque of Ukrainian Криви́й Рі́г (Kryvýj Ríh) or Russian Криво́й Ро́г (Krivój Róg).

cal

Криви́й Рі́г

Криво́й Ро́г

Kryvyi Rih (a city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine)


Iwano-Frankowsk

pl-proper noun

Iwano-Frankowsk m inan (related adjective iwanofrankowski)

iwanofrankowski (adjective)
Iwano-Frankowsk (nominative singular)
Iwano-Frankowska (genitive singular)
Iwano-Frankowskowi (dative singular)
Iwano-Frankowsk (accusative singular)
Iwano-Frankowskiem (instrumental singular)
Iwano-Frankowsku (locative singular)
Iwano-Frankowsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ива́но-Франко́вск (Iváno-Frankóvsk), named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

bor+

Ива́но-Франко́вск

(dated) Alternative form of Iwano-Frankiwsk


Iwano-Frankiwsk

pl-proper noun

Iwano-Frankiwsk m inan (related adjective iwanofrankiwski)

iwanofrankiwski (adjective)
Iwano-Frankiwsk (nominative singular)
Iwano-Frankiwska (genitive singular)
Iwano-Frankiwskowi (dative singular)
Iwano-Frankiwsk (accusative singular)
Iwano-Frankiwskiem (instrumental singular)
Iwano-Frankiwsku (locative singular)
Iwano-Frankiwsku (singular vocative)
Iwano-Frankowsk (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Іва́но-Франкі́вськ (Iváno-Frankívsʹk), named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

bor+

Іва́но-Франкі́вськ

Ivano-Frankivsk (a city in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine)


Werona

Werona (nominative singular)
Werony (genitive singular)
Weronie (dative singular)
Weronę (accusative singular)
Weroną (instrumental singular)
Weronie (locative singular)
Werono (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Verona, from Latin Vērōna.


Lusajl

Lusajl (nominative singular)
Lusajlu (genitive singular)
Lusajlowi (dative singular)
Lusajl (accusative singular)
Lusajlem (instrumental singular)
Lusajlu (locative singular)
Lusajlu (singular vocative)


Poprad

popradzki (adjective)
Poprad (nominative singular)
Popradu (genitive singular)
Popradowi (dative singular)
Poprad (accusative singular)
Popradem (instrumental singular)
Popradzie (locative singular)
Popradzie (singular vocative)


Carogród

Carogród (nominative singular)
Carogrodu (genitive singular)
Carogrodowi (dative singular)
Carogród (accusative singular)
Carogrodem (instrumental singular)
Carogrodzie (locative singular)
Carogrodzie (singular vocative)

From car + -o- + gród, a partial calque of Old Church Slavonic Царьград (Carĭgrad).

pcal

(historical) Constantinople (the largest city in Turkey)


Stambuł

pl-prop

Stambuł m inan (related adjective stambulski)

stambulski (adjective)
Stambuł (nominative singular)
Stambułu (genitive singular)
Stambułowi (dative singular)
Stambuł (accusative singular)
Stambułem (instrumental singular)
Stambule (locative singular)
Stambule (singular vocative)
Istambuł (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish استانبول (stanbul), from Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin). Doublet of Istambuł.

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


Istambuł

Istambuł (nominative singular)
Istambułu (genitive singular)
Istambułowi (dative singular)
Istambuł (accusative singular)
Istambułem (instrumental singular)
Istambule (locative singular)
Istambule (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish İstanbul, from Ottoman Turkish استانبول (istanbul), from Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin). Doublet of Stambuł.

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


Brunszwik

Brunszwik (nominative singular)
Brunszwika (genitive singular)
Brunszwiku (genitive singular)
Brunszwikowi (dative singular)
Brunszwik (accusative singular)
Brunszwikiem (instrumental singular)
Brunszwiku (locative singular)
Brunszwiku (singular vocative)

Braunschweig, Brunswick (a city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Krosno

pl-prop

Krosno n (related adjective krośnieński, demonym krośnianin, female demonym krośnianka)

krośnieński (adjective)
krośnianin (demonym)
krośnianka (demonym feminine)
Krosno (nominative singular)
Krosna (genitive singular)
Krosnu (dative singular)
Krosno (accusative singular)
Krosnem (instrumental singular)
Krośnie (locative singular)
Krosno (singular vocative)

Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English

Krosno (a city in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Biała Podlaska

Biała Podlaska f (related adjective bialski or bialskopodlaski)

bialski (adjective)
bialskopodlaski (adjective)
Biała Podlaska (nominative singular)
Białej Podlaskiej (genitive singular)
Białej Podlaskiej (dative singular)
Białą Podlaską (accusative singular)
Białą Podlaską (instrumental singular)
Białej Podlaskiej (locative singular)
Biała Podlaska (singular vocative)

Probably named after founder of the city Piotr “Biały” Janowicz and Podlasie + -ka.

named-after

Biała Podlaska (a city in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)


Głogów

pl-proper noun

Głogów m inan (related adjective głogowski, demonym głogowianin, female demonym głogowianka)

głogowski (adjective)
głogowianin (demonym)
głogowianka (demonym feminine)
Głogów (nominative singular)
Głogowa (genitive singular)
Głogowowi (dative singular)
Głogów (accusative singular)
Głogowem (instrumental singular)
Głogowie (locative singular)
Głogowie (singular vocative)

→ English: Głogów

Głogów (a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Inowrocław

Inowrocław m inan (related adjective inowrocławski, demonym inowrocławianin, female demonym inowrocławianka)

inowrocławski (adjective)
inowrocławianin (demonym)
inowrocławianka (demonym feminine)
Inowrocław (nominative singular)
Inowrocławia (genitive singular)
Inowrocławiowi (dative singular)
Inowrocław (accusative singular)
Inowrocławiem (instrumental singular)
Inowrocławiu (locative singular)
Inowrocławiu (singular vocative)

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Inowroclaw (a city in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Legionowo

pl-prop

Legionowo n (related adjective legionowski, demonym legionowianin, female demonym legionowianka)

legionowski (adjective)
legionowianin (demonym)
legionowianka (demonym feminine)
Legionowo (nominative singular)
Legionowa (genitive singular)
Legionowu (dative singular)
Legionowo (accusative singular)
Legionowem (instrumental singular)
Legionowie (locative singular)
Legionowo (singular vocative)

Legionowo (a city in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)