Grudziądz

pl-proper noun

Grudziądz m inan (related adjective grudziądzki, demonym grudziądzanin, female demonym grudziądzanka)

grudziądzki (adjective)
grudziądzanin (demonym)
grudziądzanka (demonym feminine)
Grudziądz (nominative singular)
Grudziądza (genitive singular)
Grudziądzowi (dative singular)
Grudziądz (accusative singular)
Grudziądzem (instrumental singular)
Grudziądzu (locative singular)
Grudziądzu (singular vocative)

Grudziądz (a city in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Chorzów

pl-prop

Chorzów m inan (related adjective chorzowski, demonym chorzowianin, female demonym chorzowianka)

chorzowski (adjective)
chorzowianin (demonym)
chorzowianka (demonym feminine)
Chorzów (nominative singular)
Chorzowa (genitive singular)
Chorzowowi (dative singular)
Chorzów (accusative singular)
Chorzowem (instrumental singular)
Chorzowie (locative singular)
Chorzowie (singular vocative)

→ English: Chorzów

Unknown. Possible etymologies include:
* from chory (“ill”) + -ów, meaning “unhealthy place” or “town of sick people”;
* from Chorz + -ów, where Chorz is an archaic personal name, possibly a diminutive of Zachariasz;
* from the place name Zversov.
The city developed during the industrialization and was called Königshütte (literally “Royal Ironworks”) by the Prussians. This was translated to Polish as Królewska Huta, but in 1934, the official name was changed to Chorzów, the name of an original village in the area of the city, which was first attested in the 12th century.

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Chorzów (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Jelenia Góra

pl-proper noun

Jelenia Góra f (related adjective jeleniogórski, demonym jeleniogórzanin, female demonym jeleniogórzanka)

jeleniogórski (adjective)
jeleniogórzanin (demonym)
jeleniogórzanka (demonym feminine)
Jelenia Góra (nominative singular)
Jeleniej Góry (genitive singular)
Jeleniej Górze (dative singular)
Jelenią Górę (accusative singular)
Jelenią Górą (instrumental singular)
Jeleniej Górze (locative singular)
Jelenia Góro (singular vocative)

Literally, “Deer Mountain”. Calque of German Hirschberg.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Jelenia Góra (a city in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Kalisz

Kalisz m inan (related adjective kaliski, demonym kaliszanin, female demonym kaliszanka)

kaliski (adjective)
kaliszanin (demonym)
kaliszanka (demonym feminine)
Kalisz (nominative singular)
Kalisza (genitive singular)
Kaliszowi (dative singular)
Kalisz (accusative singular)
Kaliszem (instrumental singular)
Kaliszu (locative singular)
Kaliszu (singular vocative)

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

Kalisz (a city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Abchazja

Abchazja (nominative singular)
Abchazji (genitive singular)
Abchazji (dative singular)
Abchazję (accusative singular)
Abchazją (instrumental singular)
Abchazji (locative singular)
Abchazjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Абха́зия (Abxázija), from Georgian აფხაზეთი (apxazeti).

bor+

Abkhazia (a de-facto independent country in the Caucasus Region in Asia, internationally recognized as an autonomous republic of the country of Georgia)


Troja

trojański (adjective)
Troja (nominative singular)
Troi (genitive singular)
Troi (dative singular)
Troję (accusative singular)
Troją (instrumental singular)
Troi (locative singular)
Trojo (singular vocative)

Troy (an ancient city and archaeological site in modern Turkey)


Wołga

Wołga (nominative singular)
Wołgi (genitive singular)
Wołdze (dative singular)
Wołgę (accusative singular)
Wołgą (instrumental singular)
Wołdze (locative singular)
Wołgo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Во́лга (Vólga), probably from Proto-Slavic *vьlga.


pastwisko

pastwisko (nominative singular)
pastwiska (nominative plural)
pastwiska (genitive singular)
pastwisk (genitive plural)
pastwisku (dative singular)
pastwiskom (dative plural)
pastwisko (accusative singular)
pastwiska (accusative plural)
pastwiskiem (instrumental singular)
pastwiskami (instrumental plural)
pastwisku (locative singular)
pastwiskach (locative plural)
pastwisko (singular vocative)
pastwiska (plural vocative)


Poczdam

Poczdam (nominative singular)
Poczdamu (genitive singular)
Poczdamowi (dative singular)
Poczdam (accusative singular)
Poczdamem (instrumental singular)
Poczdamie (locative singular)
Poczdamie (singular vocative)


Drezno

drezdeński (adjective)
Drezno (nominative singular)
Drezna (genitive singular)
Dreznu (dative singular)
Drezno (accusative singular)
Dreznem (instrumental singular)
Dreźnie (locative singular)
Drezno (singular vocative)

Dresden (the capital and largest city of Saxony, Germany)


Norymberga

Norymberga (nominative singular)
Norymbergi (genitive singular)
Norymberdze (dative singular)
Norymbergę (accusative singular)
Norymbergą (instrumental singular)
Norymberdze (locative singular)
Norymbergo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Nürnberg, from Medieval Latin Norinberga.

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Monachium

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Lipsk

Lipsk (nominative singular)
Lipska (genitive singular)
Lipskowi (dative singular)
Lipsk (accusative singular)
Lipskiem (instrumental singular)
Lipsku (locative singular)
Lipsku (singular vocative)


lecha

(agriculture, Far Masovian) plot of arable land twice as wide as a normal one


szczyt

szczyt (nominative singular)
szczyty (nominative plural)
szczytu (genitive singular)
szczytów (genitive plural)
szczytowi (dative singular)
szczytom (dative plural)
szczyt (accusative singular)
szczyty (accusative plural)
szczytem (instrumental singular)
szczytami (instrumental plural)
szczycie (locative singular)
szczytach (locative plural)
szczycie (singular vocative)
szczyty (plural vocative)


Mediolan

Mediolan (nominative singular)
Mediolanu (genitive singular)
Mediolanowi (dative singular)
Mediolan (accusative singular)
Mediolanem (instrumental singular)
Mediolanie (locative singular)
Mediolanie (singular vocative)


Berno

Berno (nominative singular)
Berna (genitive singular)
Bernu (dative singular)
Berno (accusative singular)
Bernem (instrumental singular)
Bernie (locative singular)
Berno (singular vocative)


Łaba

Łaba (nominative singular)
Łaby (genitive singular)
Łabie (dative singular)
Łabę (accusative singular)
Łabą (instrumental singular)
Łabie (locative singular)
Łabo (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *olba, from Proto-Germanic *albī.

Elbe (a river in the Czech Republic and Germany)


Lubeka

Lubeka (nominative singular)
Lubeki (genitive singular)
Lubece (dative singular)
Lubekę (accusative singular)
Lubeką (instrumental singular)
Lubece (locative singular)
Lubeko (singular vocative)


Wełtawa

Wełtawa (nominative singular)
Wełtawy (genitive singular)
Wełtawie (dative singular)
Wełtawę (accusative singular)
Wełtawą (instrumental singular)
Wełtawie (locative singular)
Wełtawo (singular vocative)


Moza

Moza (nominative singular)
Mozy (genitive singular)
Mozie (dative singular)
Mozę (accusative singular)
Mozą (instrumental singular)
Mozie (locative singular)
Mozo (singular vocative)

Meuse (a major river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Sekwana

Sekwana (nominative singular)
Sekwany (genitive singular)
Sekwanie (dative singular)
Sekwanę (accusative singular)
Sekwaną (instrumental singular)
Sekwanie (locative singular)
Sekwano (singular vocative)


Loara

Loara (nominative singular)
Loary (genitive singular)
Loarze (dative singular)
Loarę (accusative singular)
Loarą (instrumental singular)
Loarze (locative singular)
Loaro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Loire, from Latin Liger, Ligerim, itself a transcription of the native Gaulish name of the river, from Gaulish *liga (“silt, sediment, deposit, alluvium”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, lay”).


Babilon

pl-prop

Babilon m inan (related adjective babiloński)

babiloński (adjective)
Babilon (nominative singular)
Babilonu (genitive singular)
Babilonowi (dative singular)
Babilon (accusative singular)
Babilonem (instrumental singular)
Babilonie (locative singular)
Babilonie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Babylōn. Doublet of Babel and Babilonia.

(historical) Babylon (the ancient capital of the kingdom of Babylonia, in modern Iraq)


Warta

Warta (nominative singular)
Warty (genitive singular)
Warcie (dative singular)
Wartę (accusative singular)
Wartą (instrumental singular)
Warcie (locative singular)
Warto (singular vocative)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Warta (a town in the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, on the banks of the eponymous river)


Tamiza

Tamiza (nominative singular)
Tamizy (genitive singular)
Tamizie (dative singular)
Tamizę (accusative singular)
Tamizą (instrumental singular)
Tamizie (locative singular)
Tamizo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Thames, from Middle English Temese, from Old English Temes, Temese, from Latin Tamesis, Tamesas, of Celtic origin.


Tyber

Tyber m inan (related adjective tybrzański)

tybrzański (adjective)
Tyber (nominative singular)
Tybru (genitive singular)
Tybrowi (dative singular)
Tyber (accusative singular)
Tybrem (instrumental singular)
Tybrze (locative singular)
Tybrze (singular vocative)


Sztokholm

Sztokholm (nominative singular)
Sztokholmu (genitive singular)
Sztokholmowi (dative singular)
Sztokholm (accusative singular)
Sztokholmem (instrumental singular)
Sztokholmie (locative singular)
Sztokholmie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Stockholm, from Swedish Stockholm.

Stockholm (the capital and largest city of Sweden)


Rodan

pl-proper noun

Rodan m inan (related adjective rodański)

rodański (adjective)
Rodan (nominative singular)
Rodanu (genitive singular)
Rodanowi (dative singular)
Rodan (accusative singular)
Rodanem (instrumental singular)
Rodanie (locative singular)
Rodanie (singular vocative)

Rhone, Rhône (a major river in France and Switzerland)


Wenecja

Wenecja (nominative singular)
Wenecji (genitive singular)
Wenecji (dative singular)
Wenecję (accusative singular)
Wenecją (instrumental singular)
Wenecji (locative singular)
Wenecjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Venezia, from Latin Venetia.


wydma

wydmowy (adjective)
wydma (nominative singular)
wydmy (nominative plural)
wydmy (genitive singular)
wydm (genitive plural)
wydmie (dative singular)
wydmom (dative plural)
wydmę (accusative singular)
wydmy (accusative plural)
wydmą (instrumental singular)
wydmami (instrumental plural)
wydmie (locative singular)
wydmach (locative plural)
wydmo (singular vocative)
wydmy (plural vocative)

dune (ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind)


Antarktyda

pl-prop

Antarktyda f (related adjective antarktydzki)

antarktydzki (adjective)
Antarktyda (nominative singular)
Antarktydy (genitive singular)
Antarktydzie (dative singular)
Antarktydę (accusative singular)
Antarktydą (instrumental singular)
Antarktydzie (locative singular)
Antarktydo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare Italian Antartide, Portuguese Antártida, Romanian Antarctida, Russian Антаркти́да (Antarktída), Spanish Antártida. More distantly cognate to English Antarctica. Doublet of Antarktyka.


Azory

Azory nvir pl (related adjective azorski)

azorski (adjective)
Azory (nominative plural)
Azorów (genitive plural)
Azorom (dative plural)
Azory (accusative plural)
Azorami (instrumental plural)
Azorach (locative plural)
Azory (plural vocative)

Azores (an archipelago and autonomous region of Portugal)


Czarnobyl

Czarnobyl m inan (related adjective czarnobylski)

czarnobylski (adjective)
Czarnobyl (nominative singular)
Czarnobyla (genitive singular)
Czarnobylowi (dative singular)
Czarnobyl (accusative singular)
Czarnobylem (instrumental singular)
Czarnobylu (locative singular)
Czarnobylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Чорно́биль (Čornóbylʹ). Compare Old Polish czarnobyl.

bor+

Chernobyl (a city in Vyshhorod, Ukraine)


Galicja

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Gallicia, Gallitia, from Old East Slavic Галичь (Galičĭ).

lbor

(historical) Galicia (a historical region in central Europe, in modern Poland and Ukraine)


Galicja

Galicja (nominative singular)
Galicji (genitive singular)
Galicji (dative singular)
Galicję (accusative singular)
Galicją (instrumental singular)
Galicji (locative singular)
Galicjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī.

autonomous community
autonomous community

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Korsyka

pl-proper noun

Korsyka f (related adjective korsykański, demonym Korsykanin, female demonym Korsykanka)

korsykański (adjective)
Korsykanin (demonym)
Korsykanka (demonym feminine)
Korsyka (nominative singular)
Korsyki (genitive singular)
Korsyce (dative singular)
Korsykę (accusative singular)
Korsyką (instrumental singular)
Korsyce (locative singular)
Korsyko (singular vocative)

administrative region
administrative region

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Sycylia

pl-prop

Sycylia f (related adjective sycylijski)

sycylijski (adjective)
Sycylia (nominative singular)
Sycylii (genitive singular)
Sycylii (dative singular)
Sycylię (accusative singular)
Sycylią (instrumental singular)
Sycylii (locative singular)
Sycylio (singular vocative)

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Grenlandia

Grenlandia (nominative singular)
Grenlandii (genitive singular)
Grenlandii (dative singular)
Grenlandię (accusative singular)
Grenlandią (instrumental singular)
Grenlandii (locative singular)
Grenlandio (singular vocative)

Ultimately, from Old Norse Grœnland (“Greenland”), from grœnn (“green”) + land (“land”).

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Hawaje

Hawaje (nominative plural)
Hawajów (genitive plural)
Hawajom (dative plural)
Hawaje (accusative plural)
Hawajami (instrumental plural)
Hawajach (locative plural)
Hawaje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Hawaii, from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki (“traditional homeland”).

der

Hawaii (an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean)


Jerozolima

pl-prop

Jerozolima f (related adjective jerozolimski)

jerozolimski (adjective)
Jerozolima (nominative singular)
Jerozolimy (genitive singular)
Jerozolimie (dative singular)
Jerozolimę (accusative singular)
Jerozolimą (instrumental singular)
Jerozolimie (locative singular)
Jerozolimo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Hierosolyma. Doublet of Jeruzalem.

lbor

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Waszyngton

Waszyngton (nominative singular)
Waszyngtonu (genitive singular)
Waszyngtonowi (dative singular)
Waszyngton (accusative singular)
Waszyngtonem (instrumental singular)
Waszyngtonie (locative singular)
Waszyngtonie (singular vocative)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (a city in Columbia district, United States)

Washington (a state of the United States)


Kiszyniów

pl-prop

Kiszyniów m inan (related adjective kiszyniowski)

kiszyniowski (adjective)
Kiszyniów (nominative singular)
Kiszyniowa (genitive singular)
Kiszyniowowi (dative singular)
Kiszyniów (accusative singular)
Kiszyniowem (instrumental singular)
Kiszyniowie (locative singular)
Kiszyniowie (singular vocative)


Nowa Kaledonia

Nowa Kaledonia (nominative singular)
Nowej Kaledonii (genitive singular)
Nowej Kaledonii (dative singular)
Nową Kaledonię (accusative singular)
Nową Kaledonią (instrumental singular)
Nowej Kaledonii (locative singular)
Nowa Kaledonio (singular vocative)

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Florencja

Florencja (nominative singular)
Florencji (genitive singular)
Florencji (dative singular)
Florencję (accusative singular)
Florencją (instrumental singular)
Florencji (locative singular)
Florencjo (singular vocative)


Baleary

Baleary (nominative plural)
Balearów (genitive plural)
Balearom (dative plural)
Baleary (accusative plural)
Balearami (instrumental plural)
Balearach (locative plural)
Baleary (plural vocative)

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Balearic Islands (an archipelago of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea)

Balearic Islands (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Kopenhaga

Kopenhaga (nominative singular)
Kopenhagi (genitive singular)
Kopenhadze (dative singular)
Kopenhagę (accusative singular)
Kopenhagą (instrumental singular)
Kopenhadze (locative singular)
Kopenhago (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Morze Kaspijskie

Morze Kaspijskie (nominative singular)
Morza Kaspijskiego (genitive singular)
Morzu Kaspijskiemu (dative singular)
Morze Kaspijskie (accusative singular)
Morzem Kaspijskim (instrumental singular)
Morzu Kaspijskim (locative singular)
Morze Kaspijskie (singular vocative)


leszczyna

leszczyna (nominative singular)
leszczyny (nominative plural)
leszczyny (genitive singular)
leszczyn (genitive plural)
leszczynie (dative singular)
leszczynom (dative plural)
leszczynę (accusative singular)
leszczyny (accusative plural)
leszczyną (instrumental singular)
leszczynami (instrumental plural)
leszczynie (locative singular)
leszczynach (locative plural)
leszczyno (singular vocative)
leszczyny (plural vocative)

hazel (any tree or shrub of the genus Corylus)


depresja

depresja (nominative singular)
depresje (nominative plural)
depresji (genitive singular)
depresji (genitive plural)
depresyj (archaic genitive plural)
depresji (dative singular)
depresjom (dative plural)
depresję (accusative singular)
depresje (accusative plural)
depresją (instrumental singular)
depresjami (instrumental plural)
depresji (locative singular)
depresjach (locative plural)
depresjo (singular vocative)
depresje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English depression, French dépression, German Depression, ultimately from Latin dēpressiō.

(clinical psychology, medicine) dejection, depression, despondency, lethargy, spleen (state of mind producing serious long-term lowering of enjoyment)

(economics) depression (period of major economic contraction)

(geography) depression, lowland (low area)

(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)


Kapsztad

Kapsztad m inan (related adjective kapsztadzki)

kapsztadzki (adjective)
Kapsztad (nominative singular)
Kapsztadu (genitive singular)
Kapsztadowi (dative singular)
Kapsztad (accusative singular)
Kapsztadem (instrumental singular)
Kapsztadzie (locative singular)
Kapsztadzie (singular vocative)

Cape Town (a city, the legislative capital of South Africa)


Haga

Haga (nominative singular)
Hagi (genitive singular)
Hadze (dative singular)
Hagę (accusative singular)
Hagą (instrumental singular)
Hadze (locative singular)
Hago (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch Den Haag, short form of 's-Gravenhage, from Middle Dutch des Graven hage.

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Antyle Holenderskie

Antyle Holenderskie (nominative plural)
Antyli Holenderskich (genitive plural)
Antylom Holenderskim (dative plural)
Antyle Holenderskie (accusative plural)
Antylami Holenderskimi (instrumental plural)
Antylach Holenderskich (locative plural)
Antyle Holenderskie (plural vocative)

Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antilles#English

Netherlands Antilles (a former constituent country of the Netherlands, dissolved in 2010; it consisted of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten)


Portoryko

Portoryko (nominative singular)
Portoryka (genitive singular)
Portoryku (dative singular)
Portoryko (accusative singular)
Portorykiem (instrumental singular)
Portoryku (locative singular)
Portoryko (singular vocative)

Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean)


Antyle

Antyle (nominative plural)
Antyli (genitive plural)
Antylom (dative plural)
Antyle (accusative plural)
Antylami (instrumental plural)
Antylach (locative plural)
Antyle (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Antilles.

the Antilles (a group of islands in the Caribbean)


zatoka

pl-noun

zatoka f (diminutive zatoczka, related adjective zatokowy)

zatoczka (diminutive)
zatokowy (adjective)
zatoka (nominative singular)
zatoki (nominative plural)
zatoki (genitive singular)
zatok (genitive plural)
zatoce (dative singular)
zatokom (dative plural)
zatokę (accusative singular)
zatoki (accusative plural)
zatoką (instrumental singular)
zatokami (instrumental plural)
zatoce (locative singular)
zatokach (locative plural)
zatoko (singular vocative)
zatoki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zatoka, *zatokъ.

inh+

bay, cove, gulf (body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land)


Golgota

golgotowy (adjective)
Golgota (nominative singular)
Golgoty (genitive singular)
Golgocie (dative singular)
Golgotę (accusative singular)
Golgotą (instrumental singular)
Golgocie (locative singular)
Golgoto (singular vocative)

(biblical) Calvary, Golgotha (hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified)

(Christianity) Calvary (complex of chapels connected by pathways, symbolically commemorating the Way of the Cross of Jesus in Jerusalem, which he passed to Calvary, the place of crucifixion)


Trypolis

Trypolis (nominative singular)
Trypolisu (genitive singular)
Trypolisowi (dative singular)
Trypolis (accusative singular)
Trypolisem (instrumental singular)
Trypolisie (locative singular)
Trypolisie (singular vocative)


Taszkent

Taszkent (nominative singular)
Taszkentu (genitive singular)
Taszkentowi (dative singular)
Taszkent (accusative singular)
Taszkentem (instrumental singular)
Taszkencie (locative singular)
Taszkencie (singular vocative)


Turyn

Turyn (nominative singular)
Turynu (genitive singular)
Turynowi (dative singular)
Turyn (accusative singular)
Turynem (instrumental singular)
Turynie (locative singular)
Turynie (singular vocative)


Biszkek

Biszkek (nominative singular)
Biszkeku (genitive singular)
Biszkekowi (dative singular)
Biszkek (accusative singular)
Biszkekiem (instrumental singular)
Biszkeku (locative singular)
Biszkeku (singular vocative)

Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


Hawana

Hawana (nominative singular)
Hawany (genitive singular)
Hawanie (dative singular)
Hawanę (accusative singular)
Hawaną (instrumental singular)
Hawanie (locative singular)
Hawano (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish La Habana, from Taíno Habaguanex.


Skandynawia

Skandynawia (nominative singular)
Skandynawii (genitive singular)
Skandynawii (dative singular)
Skandynawię (accusative singular)
Skandynawią (instrumental singular)
Skandynawii (locative singular)
Skandynawio (singular vocative)

Scandinavia (a region of Northern Europe)


Toskania

pl-prop

Toskania f (related adjective toskański)

toskański (adjective)
Toskania (nominative singular)
Toskanii (genitive singular)
Toskanii (dative singular)
Toskanię (accusative singular)
Toskanią (instrumental singular)
Toskanii (locative singular)
Toskanio (singular vocative)

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Aszchabad

Aszchabad (nominative singular)
Aszchabadu (genitive singular)
Aszchabadowi (dative singular)
Aszchabad (accusative singular)
Aszchabadem (instrumental singular)
Aszchabadzie (locative singular)
Aszchabadzie (singular vocative)

From Persian عشقآباد ('ešq-âbâd, literally “city of love”)


pacht

pl-noun

pacht m inan (related adjective pachtowy)

pachtowy (adjective)
pacht (nominative singular)
pachty (nominative plural)
pachtu (genitive singular)
pachtów (genitive plural)
pachtowi (dative singular)
pachtom (dative plural)
pacht (accusative singular)
pachty (accusative plural)
pachtem (instrumental singular)
pachtami (instrumental plural)
pachcie (locative singular)
pachtach (locative plural)
pachcie (singular vocative)
pachty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pacht. Doublet of pakt. Compare Kashubian pacht and Slovincian pacht.

(obsolete) place or room set aside for a leaser


Aleuty

pl-prop

Aleuty nvir pl (related adjective aleucki)

aleucki (adjective)
Aleuty (nominative plural)
Aleutów (genitive plural)
Aleutom (dative plural)
Aleuty (accusative plural)
Aleutami (instrumental plural)
Aleutach (locative plural)
Aleuty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Aleutian.

Aleutian Islands
Aleutian Islands#English

Aleutian Islands (an archipelago in western Alaska, United States)


Lublana

lublański (adjective)
Lublana (nominative singular)
Lublany (genitive singular)
Lublanie (dative singular)
Lublanę (accusative singular)
Lublaną (instrumental singular)
Lublanie (locative singular)
Lublano (singular vocative)

Ljubljana (the capital and largest city of Slovenia)


Tuluza

Tuluza (nominative singular)
Tuluzy (genitive singular)
Tuluzie (dative singular)
Tuluzę (accusative singular)
Tuluzą (instrumental singular)
Tuluzie (locative singular)
Tuluzo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Toulouse, from Latin Tolōsa.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Moguncja

moguncki (adjective)
Moguncja (nominative singular)
Moguncji (genitive singular)
Moguncji (dative singular)
Moguncję (accusative singular)
Moguncją (instrumental singular)
Moguncji (locative singular)
Moguncjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Mogontiacum.

lbor

Mainz (the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Walencja

Walencja (nominative singular)
Walencji (genitive singular)
Walencji (dative singular)
Walencję (accusative singular)
Walencją (instrumental singular)
Walencji (locative singular)
Walencjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish Valencia, from Latin Valentia.

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Bawaria

Bawaria (nominative singular)
Bawarii (genitive singular)
Bawarii (dative singular)
Bawarię (accusative singular)
Bawarią (instrumental singular)
Bawarii (locative singular)
Bawario (singular vocative)

Badenia-Wirtembergia · Bawaria · Brandenburgia · Hesja · Dolna Saksonia · Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie · Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia · Nadrenia-Palatynat · Saara · Saksonia · Saksonia-Anhalt · Szlezwik-Holsztyn · Turyngia


Kamczatka

Kamczatka (nominative singular)
Kamczatki (genitive singular)
Kamczatce (dative singular)
Kamczatkę (accusative singular)
Kamczatką (instrumental singular)
Kamczatce (locative singular)
Kamczatko (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Камча́тка (Kamčátka).

bor+

Kamchatka (a long peninsula in the Far East of Russia)

Kamchatka (a river in Kamchatka Krai, Russia)


Olimp

Olimp (nominative singular)
Olimpu (genitive singular)
Olimpowi (dative singular)
Olimp (accusative singular)
Olimpem (instrumental singular)
Olimpie (locative singular)
Olimpie (singular vocative)


Edynburg

Edynburg (nominative singular)
Edynburga (genitive singular)
Edynburgowi (dative singular)
Edynburg (accusative singular)
Edynburgiem (instrumental singular)
Edynburgu (locative singular)
Edynburgu (singular vocative)

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)

Edinburgh, Edinburgh (a council area of Scotland)


Jakuck

Jakuck (nominative singular)
Jakucka (genitive singular)
Jakuckowi (dative singular)
Jakuck (accusative singular)
Jakuckiem (instrumental singular)
Jakucku (locative singular)
Jakucku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).


Irkuck

Irkuck (nominative singular)
Irkucka (genitive singular)
Irkuckowi (dative singular)
Irkuck (accusative singular)
Irkuckiem (instrumental singular)
Irkucku (locative singular)
Irkucku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ирку́тск (Irkútsk).

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


Syberia

Syberia (nominative singular)
Syberii (genitive singular)
Syberii (dative singular)
Syberię (accusative singular)
Syberią (instrumental singular)
Syberii (locative singular)
Syberio (singular vocative)


Nowosybirsk

Nowosybirsk (nominative singular)
Nowosybirska (genitive singular)
Nowosybirskowi (dative singular)
Nowosybirsk (accusative singular)
Nowosybirskiem (instrumental singular)
Nowosybirsku (locative singular)
Nowosybirsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk).

Новосиби́рск

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


Tajwan

Tajwan (nominative singular)
Tajwanu (genitive singular)
Tajwanowi (dative singular)
Tajwan (accusative singular)
Tajwanem (instrumental singular)
Tajwanie (locative singular)
Tajwanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân).


pl-proper noun

Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich m inan (abbreviation ZSRR)

/ˈzvjɔw̃.zɛk sɔ.t͡sja.lisˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘx rɛˈpu.blik raˈd͡ʑɛt͡s.kix/

/ˈzvjɔn.zɛk sɔ.t͡sja.lisˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘx rɛˈpu.blik raˈd͡ʑɛt͡s.kix/

Literally, “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”.

lit

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics#English

(historical) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


Teksas

Teksas (nominative singular)
Teksasu (genitive singular)
Teksasowi (dative singular)
Teksas (accusative singular)
Teksasem (instrumental singular)
Teksasie (locative singular)
Teksasie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Texas, from Spanish Texas, Tejas, from Hasinai Caddo táyshaʔ (“friend, ally”), used to refer to the Caddo nation.


Sewilla

Sewilla (nominative singular)
Sewilli (genitive singular)
Sewilli (dative singular)
Sewillę (accusative singular)
Sewillą (instrumental singular)
Sewilli (locative singular)
Sewillo (singular vocative)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Donieck

pl-proper noun

Donieck m inan (related adjective doniecki)

doniecki (adjective)
Donieck (nominative singular)
Doniecka (genitive singular)
Donieckowi (dative singular)
Donieck (accusative singular)
Donieckiem (instrumental singular)
Doniecku (locative singular)
Doniecku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Доне́цьк (Donécʹk).


Samarkanda

Samarkanda (nominative singular)
Samarkandy (genitive singular)
Samarkandzie (dative singular)
Samarkandę (accusative singular)
Samarkandą (instrumental singular)
Samarkandzie (locative singular)
Samarkando (singular vocative)


Algier

Algier (nominative singular)
Algieru (genitive singular)
Algierowi (dative singular)
Algier (accusative singular)
Algierem (instrumental singular)
Algierze (locative singular)
Algierze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

اَلْجَزَائِر


Sarajewo

Sarajewo (nominative singular)
Sarajewa (genitive singular)
Sarajewu (dative singular)
Sarajewo (accusative singular)
Sarajewem (instrumental singular)
Sarajewie (locative singular)
Sarajewo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای, Turkish Saray-ovası, from saray (“palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


rynek

pl-noun

rynek m inan (diminutive ryneczek, related adjective rynkowy)

ryneczek (diminutive)
rynkowy (adjective)
rynek (nominative singular)
rynki (nominative plural)
rynku (genitive singular)
rynków (genitive plural)
rynkowi (dative singular)
rynkom (dative plural)
rynek (accusative singular)
rynki (accusative plural)
rynkiem (instrumental singular)
rynkami (instrumental plural)
rynku (locative singular)
rynkach (locative plural)
rynku (singular vocative)
rynki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ры́нак (rýnak)

→ Kashubian: rënk

→ Russian: ры́нок (rýnok)

→ Ukrainian: ри́нок (rýnok)

Inherited from Old Polish rynek. Doublet of ranga and ring.

(economics, trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)


Jukon

Jukon (nominative singular)
Jukonu (genitive singular)
Jukonowi (dative singular)
Jukon (accusative singular)
Jukonem (instrumental singular)
Jukonie (locative singular)
Jukonie (singular vocative)

Yukon, Yukon Territory (a territory of Canada)


Elba

Elba (nominative singular)
Elby (genitive singular)
Elbie (dative singular)
Elbę (accusative singular)
Elbą (instrumental singular)
Elbie (locative singular)
Elbo (singular vocative)


Zurych

Zurych (nominative singular)
Zurychu (genitive singular)
Zurychowi (dative singular)
Zurych (accusative singular)
Zurychem (instrumental singular)
Zurychu (locative singular)
Zurychu (singular vocative)

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Hirosima

pl-prop

Hirosima f (related adjective hirosimski)

hirosimski (adjective)
Hirosima (nominative singular)
Hirosimy (genitive singular)
Hirosimie (dative singular)
Hirosimę (accusative singular)
Hirosimą (instrumental singular)
Hirosimie (locative singular)
Hirosimo (singular vocative)


Floryda

Floryda (nominative singular)
Florydy (genitive singular)
Florydzie (dative singular)
Florydę (accusative singular)
Florydą (instrumental singular)
Florydzie (locative singular)
Florydo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Florida, from Spanish Florida.

Florida (a peninsula in the United States)


Bermudy

Bermudy nvir pl (related adjective bermudzki)

bermudzki (adjective)
Bermudy (nominative plural)
Bermudów (genitive plural)
Bermudom (dative plural)
Bermudy (accusative plural)
Bermudami (instrumental plural)
Bermudach (locative plural)
Bermudy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Bermuda.

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom)


spichlerz

pl-noun

spichlerz m inan (diminutive spichlerzyk)

spichlerzyk (diminutive)
spichlerz (nominative singular)
spichlerze (nominative plural)
spichlerza (genitive singular)
spichlerzów (genitive plural)
spichlerzy (genitive plural)
spichlerzowi (dative singular)
spichlerzom (dative plural)
spichlerz (accusative singular)
spichlerze (accusative plural)
spichlerzem (instrumental singular)
spichlerzami (instrumental plural)
spichlerzu (locative singular)
spichlerzach (locative plural)
spichlerzu (singular vocative)
spichlerze (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: шпіхлі́р (špixlír)

Borrowed from Middle High German spīcher, from Old High German spīhhāri, from Proto-West Germanic *spīkārī, from Late Latin spīcārium, with an unexplained epenthetic “-l-”. Compare German Speicher. Doublet of spichrz.

bor+

(figurative) breadbasket, food bowl, foodshed, granary (food-producing region)


Normandia

Normandia (nominative singular)
Normandii (genitive singular)
Normandii (dative singular)
Normandię (accusative singular)
Normandią (instrumental singular)
Normandii (locative singular)
Normandio (singular vocative)

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Wezuwiusz

pl-prop

Wezuwiusz m animal (related adjective wezuwiański)

wezuwiański (adjective)
Wezuwiusz (nominative singular)
Wezuwiusza (genitive singular)
Wezuwiuszowi (dative singular)
Wezuwiusza (accusative singular)
Wezuwiuszem (instrumental singular)
Wezuwiuszu (locative singular)
Wezuwiuszu (singular vocative)


Kartagina

Kartagina (nominative singular)
Kartaginy (genitive singular)
Kartaginie (dative singular)
Kartaginę (accusative singular)
Kartaginą (instrumental singular)
Kartaginie (locative singular)
Kartagino (singular vocative)

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)

Carthage (an ancient civilisation in North Africa, centred on the city of Carthage)


Zelandia

Zelandia (nominative singular)
Zelandii (genitive singular)
Zelandii (dative singular)
Zelandię (accusative singular)
Zelandią (instrumental singular)
Zelandii (locative singular)
Zelandio (singular vocative)


krajobraz

pl-noun

krajobraz m inan (diminutive krajobrazek or krajobrazik)

krajobrazek (diminutive)
krajobrazik (diminutive)
krajobraz (nominative singular)
krajobrazy (nominative plural)
krajobrazu (genitive singular)
krajobrazów (genitive plural)
krajobrazowi (dative singular)
krajobrazom (dative plural)
krajobraz (accusative singular)
krajobrazy (accusative plural)
krajobrazem (instrumental singular)
krajobrazami (instrumental plural)
krajobrazie (locative singular)
krajobrazach (locative plural)
krajobrazie (singular vocative)
krajobrazy (plural vocative)

From kraj + -o- + obraz. Calque of German Landschaft or French paysage.

landscape (area separated on the basis of its natural, topographical, etc. characteristics)


Ołomuniec

pl-prop

Ołomuniec m inan (related adjective ołomuniecki)

ołomuniecki (adjective)
Ołomuniec (nominative singular)
Ołomuńca (genitive singular)
Ołomuńcowi (dative singular)
Ołomuniec (accusative singular)
Ołomuńcem (instrumental singular)
Ołomuńcu (locative singular)
Ołomuńcu (singular vocative)


Łużyce

Łużyce nvir pl (related adjective łużycki)

łużycki (adjective)
Łużyce (nominative plural)
Łużyc (genitive plural)
Łużycom (dative plural)
Łużyce (accusative plural)
Łużycami (instrumental plural)
Łużycach (locative plural)
Łużyce (plural vocative)

Lusatia (a region of Central Europe, in modern Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic)


Getsemani

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Γεθσημανή (Gethsēmanḗ).

lbor

(biblical) Gethsemane (biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion)


Flandria

Flandria (nominative singular)
Flandrii (genitive singular)
Flandrii (dative singular)
Flandrię (accusative singular)
Flandrią (instrumental singular)
Flandrii (locative singular)
Flandrio (singular vocative)

Flanders (a historical region of Western Europe)

Flanders, Flanders (a historical county of Western Europe, of varying extent)

Flanders (two provinces of Belgium, West Flanders and East Flanders)


Bratysława

pl-prop

Bratysława f (related adjective bratysławski)

bratysławski (adjective)
Bratysława (nominative singular)
Bratysławy (genitive singular)
Bratysławie (dative singular)
Bratysławę (accusative singular)
Bratysławą (instrumental singular)
Bratysławie (locative singular)
Bratysławo (singular vocative)

Bratislava (the capital and largest city of Slovakia)


kurnik

pl-noun

kurnik m inan (diminutive kurniczek, related adjective kurnikowy)

kurniczek (diminutive)
kurnikowy (adjective)
kurnik (nominative singular)
kurniki (nominative plural)
kurnika (genitive singular)
kurników (genitive plural)
kurnikowi (dative singular)
kurnikom (dative plural)
kurnik (accusative singular)
kurniki (accusative plural)
kurnikiem (instrumental singular)
kurnikami (instrumental plural)
kurniku (locative singular)
kurnikach (locative plural)
kurniku (singular vocative)
kurniki (plural vocative)

(countable) hencoop, henhouse (coop where hens are kept)

(uncountable, colloquial, derogatory) building or room that the speaker considers too small, too neglected, or lacking in appearance to be suitable for what it is supposed to be used for

(uncountable, colloquial, derogatory) chaotic place or situation that is poorly managed


Samara

Samara (nominative singular)
Samary (genitive singular)
Samarze (dative singular)
Samarę (accusative singular)
Samarą (instrumental singular)
Samarze (locative singular)
Samaro (singular vocative)

Samara (a city, the administrative center of Samara Oblast, Russia)

Samara (a tributary of the Volga in Russia)


Zamość

Zamość (nominative singular)
Zamościa (genitive singular)
Zamościowi (dative singular)
Zamość (accusative singular)
Zamościem (instrumental singular)
Zamościu (locative singular)
Zamościu (singular vocative)

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship#English

Zamość (a city in the Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)


Omsk

Omsk (nominative singular)
Omska (genitive singular)
Omskowi (dative singular)
Omsk (accusative singular)
Omskiem (instrumental singular)
Omsku (locative singular)
Omsku (singular vocative)

Omsk (a city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia)


Babilonia

Babilonia (nominative singular)
Babilonii (genitive singular)
Babilonii (dative singular)
Babilonię (accusative singular)
Babilonią (instrumental singular)
Babilonii (locative singular)
Babilonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Babylōnia. Doublet of Babel and Babilon.

(historical) Babylonia (an ancient region and empire in southern Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq)


Burgundia

pl-prop

Burgundia f (related adjective burgundzki)

burgundzki (adjective)
Burgundia (nominative singular)
Burgundii (genitive singular)
Burgundii (dative singular)
Burgundię (accusative singular)
Burgundią (instrumental singular)
Burgundii (locative singular)
Burgundio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Burgundia.

lbor

Burgundy (a region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

Burgundy (An early-medieval kingdom and later former duchy in France and the Netherlands)


Alzacja

Alzacja (nominative singular)
Alzacji (genitive singular)
Alzacji (dative singular)
Alzację (accusative singular)
Alzacją (instrumental singular)
Alzacji (locative singular)
Alzacjo (singular vocative)

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Owernia

Owernia (nominative singular)
Owernii (genitive singular)
Owernii (dative singular)
Owernię (accusative singular)
Owernią (instrumental singular)
Owernii (locative singular)
Owernio (singular vocative)

Auvergne (a former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


Kastylia

Kastylia (nominative singular)
Kastylii (genitive singular)
Kastylii (dative singular)
Kastylię (accusative singular)
Kastylią (instrumental singular)
Kastylii (locative singular)
Kastylio (singular vocative)


Bretania

Bretania (nominative singular)
Bretanii (genitive singular)
Bretanii (dative singular)
Bretanię (accusative singular)
Bretanią (instrumental singular)
Bretanii (locative singular)
Bretanio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Bretagne, from Latin Britannia, from Ancient Greek Πρεττανία (Prettanía). Doublet of Brytania.

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Archangielsk

Archangielsk (nominative singular)
Archangielska (genitive singular)
Archangielskowi (dative singular)
Archangielsk (accusative singular)
Archangielskiem (instrumental singular)
Archangielsku (locative singular)
Archangielsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Арха́нгельск (Arxángelʹsk).

bor+

Арха́нгельск


Saksonia

pl-proper noun

Saksonia f (related adjective saksoński)

saksoński (adjective)
Saksonia (nominative singular)
Saksonii (genitive singular)
Saksonii (dative singular)
Saksonię (accusative singular)
Saksonią (instrumental singular)
Saksonii (locative singular)
Saksonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Saxonia. Doublet of saksy and Sas.


Brema

bremeński (adjective)
Brema (nominative singular)
Bremy (genitive singular)
Bremie (dative singular)
Bremę (accusative singular)
Bremą (instrumental singular)
Bremie (locative singular)
Bremo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Bremen, from Old Saxon bremo, from Proto-Germanic.

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Kursk

kurski (adjective)
Kursk (nominative singular)
Kurska (genitive singular)
Kurskowi (dative singular)
Kursk (accusative singular)
Kurskiem (instrumental singular)
Kursku (locative singular)
Kursku (singular vocative)

Kursk (a city, the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia)


brytyjski

pl-adj

brytyjski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

brytyjski (masculine nominative singular)
brytyjska (feminine nominative singular)
brytyjskie (neuter nominative singular)
brytyjscy (nominative plural virile)
brytyjskie (nominative plural)
brytyjskiego (genitive masculine singular)
brytyjskiej (feminine genitive singular)
brytyjskiego (genitive neuter singular)
brytyjskich (genitive plural)
brytyjskich (genitive plural virile)
brytyjskiemu (dative masculine singular)
brytyjsku (archaic dative masculine singular)
brytyjskiej (dative feminine singular)
brytyjskiemu (dative neuter singular)
brytyjsku (archaic dative neuter singular)
brytyjskim (dative plural)
brytyjskim (dative plural virile)
brytyjskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
brytyjski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
brytyjską (accusative feminine singular)
brytyjskie (accusative neuter singular)
brytyjskich (accusative plural virile)
brytyjskie (accusative plural)
brytyjskim (instrumental masculine singular)
brytyjską (feminine instrumental singular)
brytyjskim (instrumental neuter singular)
brytyjskimi (instrumental plural)
brytyjskimi (instrumental plural virile)
brytyjskim (locative masculine singular)
brytyjskiej (feminine locative singular)
brytyjskim (locative neuter singular)
brytyjskich (locative plural)
brytyjskich (locative plural virile)

From Brytania + -ski. First attested in 1819. Compare Kashubian britijsczi and Silesian brytyjski.

ref

Daniel Stein Christian Gottfried (1819) Jeografia matematyczna, fizyczna a osobliwie polityczna podług naynowszych określeń granic dla szkół ułożona : dla użytku zaś młodzieży polskiéy na ojczysty ięzyk przełożona z mapą hydrograficzną kuli ziemskiéy (in Polish), page 167


Genewa

Genewa (nominative singular)
Genewy (genitive singular)
Genewie (dative singular)
Genewę (accusative singular)
Genewą (instrumental singular)
Genewie (locative singular)
Genewo (singular vocative)


Orenburg

pl-prop

Orenburg m inan (related adjective orenburski)

orenburski (adjective)
Orenburg (nominative singular)
Orenburga (genitive singular)
Orenburgowi (dative singular)
Orenburg (accusative singular)
Orenburgiem (instrumental singular)
Orenburgu (locative singular)
Orenburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Оренбу́рг (Orenbúrg).

bor+

Orenburg (a city, the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia)


Tomsk

Tomsk (nominative singular)
Tomska (genitive singular)
Tomskowi (dative singular)
Tomsk (accusative singular)
Tomskiem (instrumental singular)
Tomsku (locative singular)
Tomsku (singular vocative)

Tomsk (a city, the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Russia)


Kaluga

Kaluga (nominative singular)
Kalugi (genitive singular)
Kaludze (dative singular)
Kalugę (accusative singular)
Kalugą (instrumental singular)
Kaludze (locative singular)
Kalugo (singular vocative)

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Kaluga (a part of Otfinów, a village in the Gmina of Żabno, Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Mimas

Mimas (nominative singular)
Mimasi (nominative plural)
Mimasy (derogatory nominative plural)
Mimasa (genitive singular)
Mimasów (genitive plural)
Mimasowi (dative singular)
Mimasom (dative plural)
Mimasa (accusative singular)
Mimasów (accusative plural)
Mimasem (instrumental singular)
Mimasami (instrumental plural)
Mimasie (locative singular)
Mimasach (locative plural)
Mimasie (singular vocative)
Mimasi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μίμᾱς (Mímās).

lbor

(astronomy) Mimas (innermost of Saturn's classical satellites, marked by a giant impact crater (Herschel) on its surface)


Mari El

Transliteration of Russian Марий Эл (Marij El).

translit

Mari El (a republic of Russia; capital: Yoshkar-Ola)


eldorado

eldorado (nominative singular)
eldorada (genitive singular)
eldoradu (dative singular)
eldorado (accusative singular)
eldoradem (instrumental singular)
eldoradzie (locative singular)
eldorado (singular vocative)

El Dorado (any place of fabulous wealth)


Węgierka

Węgierka (nominative singular)
Węgierki (genitive singular)
Węgierce (dative singular)
Węgierkę (accusative singular)
Węgierką (instrumental singular)
Węgierce (locative singular)
Węgierko (singular vocative)

Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English

Węgierka (a village in the Gmina of Roźwienica, Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)


Wiktoria

pl-proper noun

Wiktoria f (diminutive (dialectal) Wichta)

Wichta (dialectal diminutive)
Wiktoria (nominative singular)
Wiktorie (nominative plural)
Wiktorii (genitive singular)
Wiktorii (genitive plural)
Wiktoryj (archaic genitive plural)
Wiktorii (dative singular)
Wiktoriom (dative plural)
Wiktorię (accusative singular)
Wiktorie (accusative plural)
Wiktorią (instrumental singular)
Wiktoriami (instrumental plural)
Wiktorii (locative singular)
Wiktoriach (locative plural)
Wiktorio (singular vocative)
Wiktorie (plural vocative)

(singular only) Victoria (a state of Australia)


farma

farma (nominative singular)
farmy (nominative plural)
farmy (genitive singular)
farm (genitive plural)
farmie (dative singular)
farmom (dative plural)
farmę (accusative singular)
farmy (accusative plural)
farmą (instrumental singular)
farmami (instrumental plural)
farmie (locative singular)
farmach (locative plural)
farmo (singular vocative)
farmy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English farm. Doublet of ferma.

(agriculture) farm (large farm, especially in America or Western Europe)


Brytyjczyk

pl-noun

Brytyjczyk m pers (female equivalent Brytyjka)

Brytyjka (feminine)
Brytyjczyk (nominative singular)
Brytyjczycy (nominative plural)
Brytyjczyka (genitive singular)
Brytyjczyków (genitive plural)
Brytyjczykowi (dative singular)
Brytyjczykom (dative plural)
Brytyjczyka (accusative singular)
Brytyjczyków (accusative plural)
Brytyjczykiem (instrumental singular)
Brytyjczykami (instrumental plural)
Brytyjczyku (locative singular)
Brytyjczykach (locative plural)
Brytyjczyku (singular vocative)
Brytyjczycy (plural vocative)


boisko

boisko (nominative singular)
boiska (nominative plural)
boiska (genitive singular)
boisk (genitive plural)
boisku (dative singular)
boiskom (dative plural)
boisko (accusative singular)
boiska (accusative plural)
boiskiem (instrumental singular)
boiskami (instrumental plural)
boisku (locative singular)
boiskach (locative plural)
boisko (singular vocative)
boiska (plural vocative)

From bój (“fight, battle”) + -isko. First attested in 1551.

(sports) pitch, field (field on which a sport is played)


Wyspa Man

Wyspa Man (nominative singular)
Wyspy Man (genitive singular)
Wyspie Man (dative singular)
Wyspę Man (accusative singular)
Wyspą Man (instrumental singular)
Wyspie Man (locative singular)
Wyspo Man (singular vocative)

Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Andaluzja

Andaluzja (nominative singular)
Andaluzji (genitive singular)
Andaluzji (dative singular)
Andaluzję (accusative singular)
Andaluzją (instrumental singular)
Andaluzji (locative singular)
Andaluzjo (singular vocative)

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Bliski Wschód

Bliski Wschód (nominative singular)
Bliskiego Wschodu (genitive singular)
Bliskiemu Wschodowi (dative singular)
Bliski Wschód (accusative singular)
Bliskim Wschodem (instrumental singular)
Bliskim Wschodzie (locative singular)
Bliski Wschodzie (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: Daleki Wschód

starożytny Bliski Wschód

kraje Bliskiego Wschodu

ludy Bliskiego Wschodu

korespondencja z Bliskiego Wschodu

sytuacja na Bliskim Wschodzie

kultura na Bliskim Wschodzie

literatura na Bliskim Wschodzie


rów

rowek (diminutive)
rów (nominative singular)
rowy (nominative plural)
rowu (genitive singular)
rowów (genitive plural)
rowowi (dative singular)
rowom (dative plural)
rów (accusative singular)
rowy (accusative plural)
rowem (instrumental singular)
rowami (instrumental plural)
rowie (locative singular)
rowach (locative plural)
rowie (singular vocative)
rowy (plural vocative)

(geology) Ellipsis of rów tektoniczny (“graben”).


Tajpej

Tajpej (nominative singular)
Tajpeju (genitive singular)
Tajpejowi (dative singular)
Tajpej (accusative singular)
Tajpejem (instrumental singular)
Tajpeju (locative singular)
Tajpeju (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺北／台北 (Tʻai²-pei³).


Związek Radziecki

Związek Radziecki (nominative singular)
Związku Radzieckiego (genitive singular)
Związkowi Radzieckiemu (dative singular)
Związek Radziecki (accusative singular)
Związkiem Radzieckim (instrumental singular)
Związku Radzieckim (locative singular)
Związku Radziecki (singular vocative)

Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich

(historical) Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


Zatoka Fińska

Zatoka Fińska (nominative singular)
Zatoki Fińskiej (genitive singular)
Zatoce Fińskiej (dative singular)
Zatokę Fińską (accusative singular)
Zatoką Fińską (instrumental singular)
Zatoce Fińskiej (locative singular)
Zatoko Fińska (singular vocative)


Bajkał

pl-prop

Bajkał m inan (related adjective bajkalski)

bajkalski (adjective)
Bajkał (nominative singular)
Bajkału (genitive singular)
Bajkałowi (dative singular)
Bajkał (accusative singular)
Bajkałem (instrumental singular)
Bajkale (locative singular)
Bajkale (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Байка́л (Bajkál), from Buryat Байгал нуур (Bajgal nuur).


Mazury

Mazury nvir pl (related adjective mazurski)

mazurski (adjective)
Mazury (nominative plural)
Mazur (genitive plural)
Mazurom (dative plural)
Mazury (accusative plural)
Mazurami (instrumental plural)
Mazurach (locative plural)
Mazury (plural vocative)


Polinezja

Polinezja (nominative singular)
Polinezji (genitive singular)
Polinezji (dative singular)
Polinezję (accusative singular)
Polinezją (instrumental singular)
Polinezji (locative singular)
Polinezjo (singular vocative)


Fobos

Fobos (nominative singular)
Fobosa (genitive singular)
Fobosowi (dative singular)
Fobosa (accusative singular)
Fobosem (instrumental singular)
Fobosie (locative singular)
Fobosie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos).


Kajmany

Kajmany (nominative plural)
Kajmanów (genitive plural)
Kajmanom (dative plural)
Kajmany (accusative plural)
Kajmanami (instrumental plural)
Kajmanach (locative plural)
Kajmany (plural vocative)

Cayman Islands (three islands constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea)


Samoa Amerykańskie

Samoa Amerykańskie (nominative singular)
Samoa Amerykańskiego (genitive singular)
Samoa Amerykańskiemu (dative singular)
Samoa Amerykańskie (accusative singular)
Samoa Amerykańskim (instrumental singular)
Samoa Amerykańskim (locative singular)
Samoa Amerykańskie (singular vocative)

American Samoa (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in Polynesia)


Wyspy Owcze

Wyspy Owcze (nominative plural)
Wysp Owczych (genitive plural)
Wyspom Owczym (dative plural)
Wyspy Owcze (accusative plural)
Wyspami Owczymi (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Owczych (locative plural)
Wyspy Owcze (plural vocative)

Literally, “Sheep Islands”. Calque of Old Norse Færeyjar.

Faroe Islands (an archipelago and self-governing dependent territory of Denmark, in the North Atlantic Ocean)


oceanarium

oceanarium (nominative singular)
oceanaria (nominative plural)
oceanarium (genitive singular)
oceanariów (genitive plural)
oceanarium (dative singular)
oceanariom (dative plural)
oceanarium (accusative singular)
oceanaria (accusative plural)
oceanarium (instrumental singular)
oceanariami (instrumental plural)
oceanarium (locative singular)
oceanariach (locative plural)
oceanarium (singular vocative)
oceanaria (plural vocative)

oceanarium (park where visitors can see marine mammals and/or fish)


Stepanakert

Stepanakert (nominative singular)
Stepanakertu (genitive singular)
Stepanakertowi (dative singular)
Stepanakert (accusative singular)
Stepanakertem (instrumental singular)
Stepanakercie (locative singular)
Stepanakercie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Armenian Ստեփանակերտ (Stepʻanakert).

bor+

Stepanakert (the capital city of Nagorno-Karabakh)


Pendżab

Pendżab (nominative singular)
Pendżabu (genitive singular)
Pendżabowi (dative singular)
Pendżab (accusative singular)
Pendżabem (instrumental singular)
Pendżabie (locative singular)
Pendżabie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پَنْجاب (Pencâb), from Persian پنجاب (panjâb).

Punjab (a geographical region of South Asia)


Finlandia

Finlandia (nominative singular)
Finlandii (genitive singular)
Finlandii (dative singular)
Finlandię (accusative singular)
Finlandią (instrumental singular)
Finlandii (locative singular)
Finlandio (singular vocative)


Jeruzalem

Learned borrowing from Latin Hierūsalēm. Doublet of Jerozolima.

(literary) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Jeruzalem (a village in the Gmina of Lipnica, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Kolorado

Borrowed from English Colorado, from Spanish colorado (“red, ruddy, colored”).


Esbjerg

Esbjerg (nominative singular)
Esbjergu (genitive singular)
Esbjergowi (dative singular)
Esbjerg (accusative singular)
Esbjergiem (instrumental singular)
Esbjergu (locative singular)
Esbjergu (singular vocative)

Southern Denmark
Southern Denmark#English

Esbjerg (a port city, the seat of Esbjerg municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark, on the North Sea)

Esbjerg (a municipality of the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark)


PGR

PGR (nominative singular)
PGR-y (nominative plural)
PGR-u (genitive singular)
PGR-ów (genitive plural)
PGR-owi (dative singular)
PGR-om (dative plural)
PGR (accusative singular)
PGR-y (accusative plural)
PGR-em (instrumental singular)
PGR-ami (instrumental plural)
PGR-ze (locative singular)
PGR-ach (locative plural)
PGR-ze (singular vocative)
PGR-y (plural vocative)

Initialism of Państwowe Gospodarstwo Rolne.

initialism

(agriculture, historical) State Agricultural Farm (form of collective farming in the Polish People's Republic)


Władywostok

Władywostok (nominative singular)
Władywostoku (genitive singular)
Władywostokowi (dative singular)
Władywostok (accusative singular)
Władywostokiem (instrumental singular)
Władywostoku (locative singular)
Władywostoku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor+

Владивосто́к


Czelabińsk

Czelabińsk (nominative singular)
Czelabińska (genitive singular)
Czelabińskowi (dative singular)
Czelabińsk (accusative singular)
Czelabińskiem (instrumental singular)
Czelabińsku (locative singular)
Czelabińsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Челя́бинск (Čeljábinsk).

Chelyabinsk (an oblast of Russia, near the Ural Mountains)

Chelyabinsk (a city, the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia)


Inguszetia

Inguszetia (nominative singular)
Inguszetii (genitive singular)
Inguszetii (dative singular)
Inguszetię (accusative singular)
Inguszetią (instrumental singular)
Inguszetii (locative singular)
Inguszetio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ингуше́тия (Ingušétija), from Georgian ინგუშეთი (ingušeti).

Ingushetia (a republic of Russia; capital: Magas)


Majotta

Majotta (nominative singular)
Majotty (genitive singular)
Majotcie (dative singular)
Majottę (accusative singular)
Majottą (instrumental singular)
Majotcie (locative singular)
Majotto (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Mayotte, from Arabic مَوْت (mawt, “death”).

territorial collectivity
territorial collectivity

Mayotte (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar)


Nikozja

Nikozja (nominative singular)
Nikozji (genitive singular)
Nikozji (dative singular)
Nikozję (accusative singular)
Nikozją (instrumental singular)
Nikozji (locative singular)
Nikozjo (singular vocative)

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


anglofobia

anglofobia (nominative singular)
anglofobii (genitive singular)
anglofobii (dative singular)
anglofobię (accusative singular)
anglofobią (instrumental singular)
anglofobii (locative singular)
anglofobio (singular vocative)


Asturia

Asturia (nominative singular)
Asturii (genitive singular)
Asturii (dative singular)
Asturię (accusative singular)
Asturią (instrumental singular)
Asturii (locative singular)
Asturio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Asturias.

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


anglofilia

anglofilia (nominative singular)
anglofilii (genitive singular)
anglofilii (dative singular)
anglofilię (accusative singular)
anglofilią (instrumental singular)
anglofilii (locative singular)
anglofilio (singular vocative)

Znaczenie recepcji haseł libertyńskich (a zarazem frankofilii) było wyolbrzymiane w historiografii polskiej lat 50. XX w. - obecnie akcentuje się raczej anglofilię czołowych reformatorów i działaczy Sejmu Czteroletniego, od Stanisława Augusta przez Potockich do działaczy terenowych niższego kalibru (Richard Butterwick).

2008, Urszula Augustyniak, Historia Polski 1572-1795, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN:

The significance of reception of libertine slogans (as well as of Francophilia) was exaggerated in Polish historiography in the 50's - currently Anglophilia of leading reformers and activists of the Four-Year Sejm is accented, from Stanisław Augusta by the Potockies to field activists of a lower Caliber (Richard Butterwick).


Missisipi

Borrowed from English Mississippi, from Ojibwe misi-ziibi (“great river”)/ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi).

Mississippi (a state of the United States)


Missisipi

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


Polin

Polin (nominative singular)
Polinu (genitive singular)
Polinowi (dative singular)
Polin (accusative singular)
Polinem (instrumental singular)
Polinie (locative singular)
Polinie (singular vocative)


Abidżan

Abidżan (nominative singular)
Abidżanu (genitive singular)
Abidżanowi (dative singular)
Abidżan (accusative singular)
Abidżanem (instrumental singular)
Abidżanie (locative singular)
Abidżanie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Abidjan.

Abidjan (de facto capital city of Ivory Coast)


Bałkany

pl-prop

Bałkany nvir pl (related adjective bałkański)

bałkański (adjective)
Bałkany (nominative plural)
Bałkanów (genitive plural)
Bałkanom (dative plural)
Bałkany (accusative plural)
Bałkanami (instrumental plural)
Bałkanach (locative plural)
Bałkany (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Balkans.

Balkans (a peninsula and mountain range in southeast Europe)


Imperium Osmańskie

Imperium Osmańskie (nominative singular)
Imperium Osmańskiego (genitive singular)
Imperium Osmańskiemu (dative singular)
Imperium Osmańskie (accusative singular)
Imperium Osmańskim (instrumental singular)
Imperium Osmańskim (locative singular)
Imperium Osmańskie (singular vocative)


Buriacja

Buriacja (nominative singular)
Buriacji (genitive singular)
Buriacji (dative singular)
Buriację (accusative singular)
Buriacją (instrumental singular)
Buriacji (locative singular)
Buriacjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Буря́тия (Burjátija).

bor+

Buryatia (a republic of Russia; capital: Ulan-Ude)


Czuwaszja

Czuwaszja (nominative singular)
Czuwaszji (genitive singular)
Czuwaszji (dative singular)
Czuwaszję (accusative singular)
Czuwaszją (instrumental singular)
Czuwaszji (locative singular)
Czuwaszjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Чува́шия (Čuvášija).


Jakucja

Jakucja (nominative singular)
Jakucji (genitive singular)
Jakucji (dative singular)
Jakucję (accusative singular)
Jakucją (instrumental singular)
Jakucji (locative singular)
Jakucjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тия (Jakútija).

Sakha (a republic of Russia; capital: Yakutsk)


Kałmucja

Kałmucja (nominative singular)
Kałmucji (genitive singular)
Kałmucji (dative singular)
Kałmucję (accusative singular)
Kałmucją (instrumental singular)
Kałmucji (locative singular)
Kałmucjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Калмы́кия (Kalmýkija).

Kalmykia (a republic of Russia; capital: Elista)


baszkirski

baszkirski (nominative singular)
baszkirskiego (genitive singular)
baszkirskiemu (dative singular)
baszkirski (accusative singular)
baszkirskim (instrumental singular)
baszkirskim (locative singular)
baszkirski (singular vocative)

Bashkir (the language spoken by the Bashkir Turkic people)


Królewiec

pl-prop

Królewiec m inan (related adjective królewiecki)

królewiecki (adjective)
Królewiec (nominative singular)
Królewca (genitive singular)
Królewcowi (dative singular)
Królewiec (accusative singular)
Królewcem (instrumental singular)
Królewcu (locative singular)
Królewcu (singular vocative)

pl:Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Geograficznych poza Granicami Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

From król + -ewiec. Calque of German Königsberg (literally “King's Hill”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian Кролеве́ць (Krolevécʹ).

sl

Kaliningrad, Königsberg (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)

Krolevets (a city in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine)


Baszkiria

Baszkiria (nominative singular)
Baszkirii (genitive singular)
Baszkirii (dative singular)
Baszkirię (accusative singular)
Baszkirią (instrumental singular)
Baszkirii (locative singular)
Baszkirio (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Башки́рия (Baškírija).


Szkotka

Szkot (masculine)
Szkotka (nominative singular)
Szkotki (nominative plural)
Szkotki (genitive singular)
Szkotek (genitive plural)
Szkotce (dative singular)
Szkotkom (dative plural)
Szkotkę (accusative singular)
Szkotki (accusative plural)
Szkotką (instrumental singular)
Szkotkami (instrumental plural)
Szkotce (locative singular)
Szkotkach (locative plural)
Szkotko (singular vocative)
Szkotki (plural vocative)


Szkot

pl-noun

Szkot m pers (female equivalent Szkotka)

Szkotka (feminine)
Szkot (nominative singular)
Szkoci (nominative plural)
Szkoty (derogatory nominative plural)
Szkota (genitive singular)
Szkotów (genitive plural)
Szkotowi (dative singular)
Szkotom (dative plural)
Szkota (accusative singular)
Szkotów (accusative plural)
Szkotem (instrumental singular)
Szkotami (instrumental plural)
Szkocie (locative singular)
Szkotach (locative plural)
Szkocie (singular vocative)
Szkoci (plural vocative)


Walijczyk

Walijczyk m pers (female equivalent Walijka)

Walijka (feminine)
Walijczyk (nominative singular)
Walijczycy (nominative plural)
Walijczyki (derogatory nominative plural)
Walijczyka (genitive singular)
Walijczyków (genitive plural)
Walijczykowi (dative singular)
Walijczykom (dative plural)
Walijczyka (accusative singular)
Walijczyków (accusative plural)
Walijczykiem (instrumental singular)
Walijczykami (instrumental plural)
Walijczyku (locative singular)
Walijczykach (locative plural)
Walijczyku (singular vocative)
Walijczycy (plural vocative)


nawa

nawowy (adjective)
nawa (nominative singular)
nawy (nominative plural)
nawy (genitive singular)
naw (genitive plural)
nawie (dative singular)
nawom (dative plural)
nawę (accusative singular)
nawy (accusative plural)
nawą (instrumental singular)
nawami (instrumental plural)
nawie (locative singular)
nawach (locative plural)
nawo (singular vocative)
nawy (plural vocative)

(literary) country, state (sovereign polity)


sezam

sezam m inan (related adjective sezamowy)

sezamowy (adjective)
sezam (nominative singular)
sezamu (genitive singular)
sezamowi (dative singular)
sezam (accusative singular)
sezamem (instrumental singular)
sezamie (locative singular)
sezamie (singular vocative)

benne, sesame (any plant of the genus Sesamum)


Makau

Borrowed from Portuguese Macao, from Chinese 阿媽港／阿妈港, from 阿媽／阿妈 (āmā) + 港 (gǎng). Doublet of makao.

Macau (a city and special administrative region of China)


Bolonia

Bolonia (nominative singular)
Bolonii (genitive singular)
Bolonii (dative singular)
Bolonię (accusative singular)
Bolonią (instrumental singular)
Bolonii (locative singular)
Bolonio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Bologna or Medieval Latin Bolōnia, from Latin Bonōnia.


Gwadelupa

Gwadelupa (nominative singular)
Gwadelupy (genitive singular)
Gwadelupie (dative singular)
Gwadelupę (accusative singular)
Gwadelupą (instrumental singular)
Gwadelupie (locative singular)
Gwadelupo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Guadeloupe, from Spanish Santa María de Guadalupe. (The Virgin Mary named after the Spanish town of Guadalupe in Extremadura.).

gl

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


biel

biel (nominative singular)
bieli (genitive singular)
bieli (dative singular)
biel (accusative singular)
bielą (instrumental singular)
bieli (locative singular)
bieli (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish biel, from Proto-Slavic *bělь.


Arkadia

pl-prop

Arkadia f (related adjective arkadyjski)

arkadyjski (adjective)
Arkadia (nominative singular)
Arkadii (genitive singular)
Arkadii (dative singular)
Arkadię (accusative singular)
Arkadią (instrumental singular)
Arkadii (locative singular)
Arkadio (singular vocative)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Arkadia (a village in the Gmina of Nieborów, Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)


Chartum

Chartum (nominative singular)
Chartumu (genitive singular)
Chartumowi (dative singular)
Chartum (accusative singular)
Chartumem (instrumental singular)
Chartumie (locative singular)
Chartumie (singular vocative)


Nowa Gwinea

Nowa Gwinea (nominative singular)
Nowej Gwinei (genitive singular)
Nowej Gwinei (dative singular)
Nową Gwineę (accusative singular)
Nową Gwineą (instrumental singular)
Nowej Gwinei (locative singular)
Nowa Gwineo (singular vocative)


Laponia

lapoński (adjective)
Laponia (nominative singular)
Laponii (genitive singular)
Laponii (dative singular)
Laponię (accusative singular)
Laponią (instrumental singular)
Laponii (locative singular)
Laponio (singular vocative)

Lapland (a region in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden)


kanion

kanion (nominative singular)
kaniony (nominative plural)
kanionu (genitive singular)
kanionów (genitive plural)
kanionowi (dative singular)
kanionom (dative plural)
kanion (accusative singular)
kaniony (accusative plural)
kanionem (instrumental singular)
kanionami (instrumental plural)
kanionie (locative singular)
kanionach (locative plural)
kanionie (singular vocative)
kaniony (plural vocative)


Lucerna

Lucerna f (related adjective lucerneński)

lucerneński (adjective)
Lucerna (nominative singular)
Lucerny (genitive singular)
Lucernie (dative singular)
Lucernę (accusative singular)
Lucerną (instrumental singular)
Lucernie (locative singular)
Lucerno (singular vocative)

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


Nowy Orlean

Nowy Orlean (nominative singular)
Nowy Orleanu (genitive singular)
Nowy Orleanowi (dative singular)
Nowy Orlean (accusative singular)
Nowy Orleanem (instrumental singular)
Nowy Orleanie (locative singular)
Nowy Orleanie (singular vocative)

New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


schowek

schowek (nominative singular)
schowki (nominative plural)
schowka (genitive singular)
schowków (genitive plural)
schowkowi (dative singular)
schowkom (dative plural)
schowek (accusative singular)
schowki (accusative plural)
schowkiem (instrumental singular)
schowkami (instrumental plural)
schowku (locative singular)
schowkach (locative plural)
schowku (singular vocative)
schowki (plural vocative)


terytorium

terytorium (nominative singular)
terytoria (nominative plural)
terytorium (genitive singular)
terytoriów (genitive plural)
terytorium (dative singular)
terytoriom (dative plural)
terytorium (accusative singular)
terytoria (accusative plural)
terytorium (instrumental singular)
terytoriami (instrumental plural)
terytorium (locative singular)
terytoriach (locative plural)
terytorium (singular vocative)
terytoria (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin territorium.


Rejkiawik

pl-prop

Rejkiawik m inan (related adjective rejkiawicki)

rejkiawicki (adjective)
Rejkiawik (nominative singular)
Rejkiawiku (genitive singular)
Rejkiawikowi (dative singular)
Rejkiawik (accusative singular)
Rejkiawikiem (instrumental singular)
Rejkiawiku (locative singular)
Rejkiawiku (singular vocative)

(dated) Reykjavík (the capital and largest city of Iceland)


Nawakszut

Nawakszut (nominative singular)
Nawakszutu (genitive singular)
Nawakszutowi (dative singular)
Nawakszut (accusative singular)
Nawakszutem (instrumental singular)
Nawakszucie (locative singular)
Nawakszucie (singular vocative)

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Zatoka Botnicka

Zatoka Botnicka (nominative singular)
Zatoki Botnickiej (genitive singular)
Zatoce Botnickiej (dative singular)
Zatokę Botnicką (accusative singular)
Zatoką Botnicką (instrumental singular)
Zatoce Botnickiej (locative singular)
Zatoko Botnicka (singular vocative)


Bejrut

Bejrut (nominative singular)
Bejrutu (genitive singular)
Bejrutowi (dative singular)
Bejrut (accusative singular)
Bejrutem (instrumental singular)
Bejrucie (locative singular)
Bejrucie (singular vocative)


Phenian

Phenian (nominative singular)
Phenianu (genitive singular)
Phenianowi (dative singular)
Phenian (accusative singular)
Phenianem (instrumental singular)
Phenianie (locative singular)
Phenianie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Пхёнья́н (Pxjonʹján).

bor+

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Bałtyk

pl-prop

Bałtyk m inan (related adjective bałtycki)

bałtycki (adjective)
Bałtyk (nominative singular)
Bałtyku (genitive singular)
Bałtykowi (dative singular)
Bałtyk (accusative singular)
Bałtykiem (instrumental singular)
Bałtyku (locative singular)
Bałtyku (singular vocative)


Lwów

lwowski (adjective)
Lwów (nominative singular)
Lwowa (genitive singular)
Lwowowi (dative singular)
Lwów (accusative singular)
Lwowem (instrumental singular)
Lwowie (locative singular)
Lwowie (singular vocative)

From Lew + -ów, named after Leo I of Galicia, a 13th century king of Rus' and son of the founder of the city, Daniel of Galicia. Lew is the East Slavic calque (loan translation) of the Latin personal name Leo.


lunapark

pl-noun

lunapark m inan (related adjective lunaparkowy)

lunaparkowy (adjective)
lunapark (nominative singular)
lunaparki (nominative plural)
lunaparku (genitive singular)
lunaparków (genitive plural)
lunaparkowi (dative singular)
lunaparkom (dative plural)
lunapark (accusative singular)
lunaparki (accusative plural)
lunaparkiem (instrumental singular)
lunaparkami (instrumental plural)
lunaparku (locative singular)
lunaparkach (locative plural)
lunaparku (singular vocative)
lunaparki (plural vocative)

amusement park, fairground, funhouse, theme park (commercially-operated collection of rides, games and other entertainment attractions)


Batumi

Borrowed from Russian Бату́ми (Batúmi), from Georgian ბათუმი (batumi).


Podolsk

pl-proper noun

Podolsk m inan (related adjective podolski)

Borrowed from Russian Подольск (Podolʹsk).

bor+

Podolsk (a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia)


Podolsk

podolski (adjective)
Podolsk (nominative singular)
Podolska (genitive singular)
Podolskowi (dative singular)
Podolsk (accusative singular)
Podolskiem (instrumental singular)
Podolsku (locative singular)
Podolsku (singular vocative)

Podilsk (a city in Odessa Oblast, Ukraine)


Budziszyn

Budziszyn (nominative singular)
Budziszyna (genitive singular)
Budziszynowi (dative singular)
Budziszyn (accusative singular)
Budziszynem (instrumental singular)
Budziszynie (locative singular)
Budziszynie (singular vocative)


Grodno

Grodno (nominative singular)
Grodna (genitive singular)
Grodnu (dative singular)
Grodno (accusative singular)
Grodnem (instrumental singular)
Grodnie (locative singular)
Grodno (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Гро́дна (Hródna).


Psków

pl-prop

Psków m inan (related adjective pskowski)

pskowski (adjective)
Psków (nominative singular)
Pskowa (genitive singular)
Pskowowi (dative singular)
Psków (accusative singular)
Pskowem (instrumental singular)
Pskowie (locative singular)
Pskowie (singular vocative)

Pskov (a city, the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia)


Bazylea

Bazylea (nominative singular)
Bazylei (genitive singular)
Bazylei (dative singular)
Bazyleę (accusative singular)
Bazyleą (instrumental singular)
Bazylei (locative singular)
Bazyleo (singular vocative)


przedmieście

przedmieście (nominative singular)
przedmieścia (nominative plural)
przedmieścia (genitive singular)
przedmieść (genitive plural)
przedmieściu (dative singular)
przedmieściom (dative plural)
przedmieście (accusative singular)
przedmieścia (accusative plural)
przedmieściem (instrumental singular)
przedmieściami (instrumental plural)
przedmieściu (locative singular)
przedmieściach (locative plural)
przedmieście (singular vocative)
przedmieścia (plural vocative)

/pʂɛdˈmjɛɕ.t͡ɕɛ/

Obowiązujący od kilkudziesięciu lat w USA podział społeczny na biedne centra wielkich miast i bogate przedmieścia przechodzi do historii.

2013 May 22, Tomasz Deptuła, “USA: coraz więcej biednych na przedmieściach”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-11-23:

The social divide between poor centers of large cities and affluent suburbs, prevailing in the USA for the last few decades, is vanishing into history.

...siły rosyjskie wycofują się z przedmieść Kijowa, aby przegrupować się i zintensyfikować ataki w regionie Donbasu.

2022 April 7, “Ukraina przygotowuje się do rosyjskiej ofensywy na froncie wschodnim”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-04-07:

...Russian forces are withdrawing from the suburbs of Kyiv, in order to regroup and intensify their attacks in the region of the Donbas.

suburb (area on the periphery of a city or large town)


Wyspa Bożego Narodzenia

Wyspa Bożego Narodzenia (nominative singular)
Wyspy Bożego Narodzenia (genitive singular)
Wyspie Bożego Narodzenia (dative singular)
Wyspę Bożego Narodzenia (accusative singular)
Wyspą Bożego Narodzenia (instrumental singular)
Wyspie Bożego Narodzenia (locative singular)
Wyspo Bożego Narodzenia (singular vocative)

Christmas Island
Christmas Island#English

Christmas Island (an island and territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean)


Hebron

Hebron m inan (related adjective hebroński)

hebroński (adjective)
Hebron (nominative singular)
Hebronu (genitive singular)
Hebronowi (dative singular)
Hebron (accusative singular)
Hebronem (instrumental singular)
Hebronie (locative singular)
Hebronie (singular vocative)


Ułan Bator

Ułan Bator m inan (indeclinable, related adjective ułanbatorski)

ułanbatorski (adjective)
Ułan Bator (nominative singular)
Ułan Batoru (genitive singular)
Ułan Batorowi (dative singular)
Ułan Bator (accusative singular)
Ułan Batorem (instrumental singular)
Ułan Batorze (locative singular)
Ułan Batorze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Улан-Ба́тор (Ulan-Bátor).

bor+

Ulaanbaatar (the capital and largest city of Mongolia)


Mazowsze

Mazowsze (nominative singular)
Mazowsza (genitive singular)
Mazowszu (dative singular)
Mazowsze (accusative singular)
Mazowszem (instrumental singular)
Mazowszu (locative singular)
Mazowsze (singular vocative)


filar

filar (nominative singular)
filary (nominative plural)
filaru (genitive singular)
filara (genitive singular)
filarów (genitive plural)
filarowi (dative singular)
filarom (dative plural)
filar (accusative singular)
filary (accusative plural)
filarem (instrumental singular)
filarami (instrumental plural)
filarze (locative singular)
filarach (locative plural)
filarze (singular vocative)
filary (plural vocative)

From Latin pilare, from pila (“column”).


zbieg

zbieg (nominative singular)
zbiegowie (nominative plural)
zbiedzy (nominative plural)
zbiega (genitive singular)
zbiegów (genitive plural)
zbiegowi (dative singular)
zbiegom (dative plural)
zbiega (accusative singular)
zbiegów (accusative plural)
zbiegiem (instrumental singular)
zbiegami (instrumental plural)
zbiegu (locative singular)
zbiegach (locative plural)
zbiegu (singular vocative)
zbiegowie (plural vocative)
zbiedzy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zbieg. By surface analysis, deverbal from zbiegać.

surf

(law enforcement) fugitive (person who flees or escapes and travels secretly from place to place, and sometimes uses disguises and aliases to conceal their identity, as to avoid law authorities and an arrest or prosecution, or to avoid some other unwanted situation)


Uznam

Uznam (nominative singular)
Uznamu (genitive singular)
Uznamowi (dative singular)
Uznam (accusative singular)
Uznamem (instrumental singular)
Uznamie (locative singular)
Uznamie (singular vocative)

Usedom (an island in Germany and Poland)


chlew

chlew (nominative singular)
chlewy (nominative plural)
chlewa (genitive singular)
chlewu (genitive singular)
chlewów (genitive plural)
chlewowi (dative singular)
chlewom (dative plural)
chlew (accusative singular)
chlewy (accusative plural)
chlewem (instrumental singular)
chlewami (instrumental plural)
chlewie (locative singular)
chlewach (locative plural)
chlewie (singular vocative)
chlewy (plural vocative)

(agriculture) pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept, either a building or part of one)


Dubrownik

pl-prop

Dubrownik m inan (related adjective dubrownicki)

dubrownicki (adjective)
Dubrownik (nominative singular)
Dubrownika (genitive singular)
Dubrownikowi (dative singular)
Dubrownik (accusative singular)
Dubrownikiem (instrumental singular)
Dubrowniku (locative singular)
Dubrowniku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Ду̀бро̄внӣк／Dùbrōvnīk.

bor+

Ду̀бро̄внӣк//Dùbrōvnīk


Rysy

Rysy (nominative plural)
Rysów (genitive plural)
Rysom (dative plural)
Rysy (accusative plural)
Rysami (instrumental plural)
Rysach (locative plural)
Rysy (plural vocative)


Karkonosze

Karkonosze (nominative plural)
Karkonoszy (genitive plural)
Karkonoszom (dative plural)
Karkonosze (accusative plural)
Karkonoszami (instrumental plural)
Karkonoszach (locative plural)
Karkonosze (plural vocative)

Giant Mountains (a mountain range in Sudetes)


Bieszczady

Bieszczady (nominative plural)
Bieszczad (genitive plural)
Bieszczadów (genitive plural)
Bieszczadom (dative plural)
Bieszczady (accusative plural)
Bieszczadami (instrumental plural)
Bieszczadach (locative plural)
Bieszczady (plural vocative)

Unknown, suggested to have originated from Middle Low German beshêt (“drainage division”). Perhaps a doublet of Beskidy.

der

Bieszczady Mountains
w:Bieszczady Mountains

Bieszczady Mountains (a mountain range in Carpathians)


Dolny Śląsk

pl-prop

Dolny Śląsk m inan (related adjective dolnośląski)

dolnośląski (adjective)
Dolny Śląsk (nominative singular)
Dolnego Śląska (genitive singular)
Dolnemu Śląskowi (dative singular)
Dolny Śląsk (accusative singular)
Dolnym Śląskiem (instrumental singular)
Dolnym Śląsku (locative singular)
Dolny Śląsku (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: Górny Śląsk

Lower Silesia (a historical region in the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland)


Górny Śląsk

Górny Śląsk m inan (related adjective górnośląski)

górnośląski (adjective)
Górny Śląsk (nominative singular)
Górnego Śląska (genitive singular)
Górnemu Śląskowi (dative singular)
Górny Śląsk (accusative singular)
Górnym Śląskiem (instrumental singular)
Górnym Śląsku (locative singular)
Górny Śląsku (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: Dolny Śląsk

Upper Silesia (a historical region in the Czech Republic and Poland)


Beskidy

Beskidy (nominative plural)
Beskidów (genitive plural)
Beskidom (dative plural)
Beskidy (accusative plural)
Beskidami (instrumental plural)
Beskidach (locative plural)
Beskidy (plural vocative)

Unknown, possibly from Proto-Albanian *beškāi tāi (cf. bjeshkët). Perhaps a doublet of Bieszczady.

Beskids (a mountain range in Carpathians)


Pomorze

Pomorze (nominative singular)
Pomorza (genitive singular)
Pomorzu (dative singular)
Pomorze (accusative singular)
Pomorzem (instrumental singular)
Pomorzu (locative singular)
Pomorze (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pomorьje. By surface analysis, po- + morze + -e.


Pacyfik

Pacyfik (nominative singular)
Pacyfiku (genitive singular)
Pacyfikowi (dative singular)
Pacyfik (accusative singular)
Pacyfikiem (instrumental singular)
Pacyfiku (locative singular)
Pacyfiku (singular vocative)


Kaszuby

Kaszuby (nominative plural)
Kaszub (genitive plural)
Kaszubom (dative plural)
Kaszuby (accusative plural)
Kaszubami (instrumental plural)
Kaszubach (locative plural)
Kaszuby (plural vocative)

Ultimately uncertain, see Kashubian Kaszëbë for more.


Zdzisław

Zdzisław (nominative singular)
Zdzisławia (genitive singular)
Zdzisławiowi (dative singular)
Zdzisław (accusative singular)
Zdzisławiem (instrumental singular)
Zdzisławiu (locative singular)
Zdzisławiu (singular vocative)

Lubusz Voivodeship
Lubusz Voivodeship#English

Zdzisław (a village in the Gmina of Babimost, Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland)


Kazimierz

Kazimierz (nominative singular)
Kazimierza (genitive singular)
Kazimierzowi (dative singular)
Kazimierz (accusative singular)
Kazimierzem (instrumental singular)
Kazimierzu (locative singular)
Kazimierzu (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *Kaziměrъ, *Kazimirъ (“destroyer of peace”, from *kaziti (“to destroy”) + *mirъ (“peace”)).

inh+

Kazimierz (a district of Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Kazimierz (a district of Sosnowiec, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)

Kazimierz (a village in the Gmina of Lutomiersk, Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Kazimierz (a village in the Gmina of Skomlin, Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship#English

Kazimierz (a village in the Gmina of Głogówek, Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland)

Kazimierz (a village in the Gmina of Kosakowo, Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)

West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Kazimierz (a village in the Gmina of Biały Bór, Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Jarosław

Jarosław (nominative singular)
Jarosławia (genitive singular)
Jarosławiowi (dative singular)
Jarosław (accusative singular)
Jarosławiem (instrumental singular)
Jarosławiu (locative singular)
Jarosławiu (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish Jarosław, Jerosław, from Proto-Slavic *Jaroslavъ, from *jarъ + *slava.

Jarosław (a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Jarosław (a village in the Gmina of Udanin, Środa Śląska County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)

Jarosław (a village in the Gmina of Złocieniec, Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Jarosław

Borrowed from Russian Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ), from Old East Slavic Ꙗрославль (Jaroslavlĭ), from Proto-Slavic *Jaroslavъ, from *jarъ + *slava.

bor+

Yaroslavl (a city, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia)


Nowe Delhi

Nowe Delhi (nominative singular)
Nowego Delhi (genitive singular)
Nowemu Delhi (dative singular)
Nowe Delhi (accusative singular)
Nowym Delhi (instrumental singular)
Nowym Delhi (locative singular)
Nowe Delhi (singular vocative)


Bośnia

Bośnia (nominative singular)
Bośni (genitive singular)
Bośni (dative singular)
Bośnię (accusative singular)
Bośnią (instrumental singular)
Bośni (locative singular)
Bośnio (singular vocative)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia (a country in Southeast Europe, in the Balkans)


nizina

nizina (nominative singular)
niziny (nominative plural)
niziny (genitive singular)
nizin (genitive plural)
nizinie (dative singular)
nizinom (dative plural)
nizinę (accusative singular)
niziny (accusative plural)
niziną (instrumental singular)
nizinami (instrumental plural)
nizinie (locative singular)
nizinach (locative plural)
nizino (singular vocative)
niziny (plural vocative)


gaj

gaik (diminutive)
gaj (nominative singular)
gaje (nominative plural)
gaju (genitive singular)
gajów (genitive plural)
gajowi (dative singular)
gajom (dative plural)
gaj (accusative singular)
gaje (accusative plural)
gajem (instrumental singular)
gajami (instrumental plural)
gaju (locative singular)
gajach (locative plural)
gaju (singular vocative)
gaje (plural vocative)


Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze

Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze (nominative plural)
Brytyjskich Wysp Dziewiczych (genitive plural)
Brytyjskim Wyspom Dziewiczym (dative plural)
Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze (accusative plural)
Brytyjskimi Wyspami Dziewiczymi (instrumental plural)
Brytyjskich Wyspach Dziewiczych (locative plural)
Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze (plural vocative)

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


Ad-Dauha

Ad-Dauha (nominative singular)
Ad-Dauhy (genitive singular)
Ad-Dausze (dative singular)
Ad-Dauże (dative singular)
Ad-Dauhę (accusative singular)
Ad-Dauhą (instrumental singular)
Ad-Dausze (locative singular)
Ad-Dauże (locative singular)
Ad-Dauho (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic الدَّوْحَة (ad-dawḥa).


dzicz

dzicz (nominative singular)
dziczy (genitive singular)
dziczy (dative singular)
dzicz (accusative singular)
dziczą (instrumental singular)
dziczy (locative singular)
dziczy (singular vocative)

Back-formation from dziki. Compare Russian дичь f (dičʹ, “game (wild animals); wilderness; nonsense”), Belarusian дзіч f (dzič, “game; backwoods”).


Wagadugu

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


Betlejem

pl-prop

Betlejem n (indeclinable, related adjective betlejemski)


Dauha

Dauha (nominative singular)
Dauhy (genitive singular)
Dausze (dative singular)
Dauże (dative singular)
Dauhę (accusative singular)
Dauhą (instrumental singular)
Dausze (locative singular)
Dauże (locative singular)
Dauho (singular vocative)


Agra

Agra (nominative singular)
Agry (genitive singular)
Agrze (dative singular)
Agrę (accusative singular)
Agrą (instrumental singular)
Agrze (locative singular)
Agro (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्रेवण (agrevaṇa), from अग्र (agra) + वन (vana).


Baktria

Baktria (nominative singular)
Baktrii (genitive singular)
Baktrii (dative singular)
Baktrię (accusative singular)
Baktrią (instrumental singular)
Baktrii (locative singular)
Baktrio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Βακτριανή (Baktrianḗ).


Republika Korei

Republika Korei (nominative singular)
Republiki Korei (nominative plural)
Republiki Korei (genitive singular)
Republik Korei (genitive plural)
Republice Korei (dative singular)
Republikom Korei (dative plural)
Republikę Korei (accusative singular)
Republiki Korei (accusative plural)
Republiką Korei (instrumental singular)
Republikami Korei (instrumental plural)
Republice Korei (locative singular)
Republikach Korei (locative plural)
Republiko Korei (singular vocative)
Republiki Korei (plural vocative)

Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea#English

Republic of Korea, South Korea (a country in East Asia)


Łyna

Łyna (nominative singular)
Łyny (genitive singular)
Łynie (dative singular)
Łynę (accusative singular)
Łyną (instrumental singular)
Łynie (locative singular)
Łyno (singular vocative)

Kaliningrad Oblast
Kaliningrad Oblast#English

Łyna (a river in northern Poland as well as in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia)


Wieprz

Wieprz (nominative singular)
Wieprza (genitive singular)
Wieprzowi (dative singular)
Wieprz (accusative singular)
Wieprzem (instrumental singular)
Wieprzu (locative singular)
Wieprzu (singular vocative)

A river in central-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula


Pilica

Pilica (nominative singular)
Pilicy (genitive singular)
Pilicy (dative singular)
Pilicę (accusative singular)
Pilicą (instrumental singular)
Pilicy (locative singular)
Pilico (singular vocative)

Pilica (a river in central Poland, a tributary of the Vistula)


Bóbr

Bóbr (nominative singular)
Bobru (genitive singular)
Bobrowi (dative singular)
Bóbr (accusative singular)
Bobrem (instrumental singular)
Bobrze (locative singular)
Bobrze (singular vocative)

Bóbr (a left tributary of the Oder in Czech Republic and Poland)

Bobr (a left tributary of the Berezina in Belarus)


Wkra

Wkra (nominative singular)
Wkry (nominative plural)
Wkry (genitive singular)
Wkier (genitive plural)
Wkrze (dative singular)
Wkrom (dative plural)
Wkrę (accusative singular)
Wkry (accusative plural)
Wkrą (instrumental singular)
Wkrami (instrumental plural)
Wkrze (locative singular)
Wkrach (locative plural)
Wkro (singular vocative)
Wkry (plural vocative)

Wkra (a river in northeastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew)

Uecker (a river in northeastern Germany)


Noteć

notecki (adjective)
Noteć (nominative singular)
Noteci (genitive singular)
Noteci (dative singular)
Noteć (accusative singular)
Notecią (instrumental singular)
Noteci (locative singular)
Noteci (singular vocative)

Noteć (a left tributary of the Warta in Poland)


Narew

Narew (nominative singular)
Narwi (genitive singular)
Narwi (dative singular)
Narew (accusative singular)
Narwią (instrumental singular)
Narwi (locative singular)
Narwi (singular vocative)

Narew (a river in eastern Poland and Belarus, a tributary of the Vistula)


Nysa Łużycka

Nysa Łużycka (nominative singular)
Nysy Łużyckiej (genitive singular)
Nysie Łużyckiej (dative singular)
Nysę Łużycką (accusative singular)
Nysą Łużycką (instrumental singular)
Nysie Łużyckiej (locative singular)
Nyso Łużycka (singular vocative)

Lusatian Neisse (a left tributary of the Oder flowing through Czech Republic, Poland and Germany)


Dunajec

Dunajec (nominative singular)
Dunajca (genitive singular)
Dunajcowi (dative singular)
Dunajec (accusative singular)
Dunajcem (instrumental singular)
Dunajcu (locative singular)
Dunajcu (singular vocative)

Kazimierz Rymut
pl:Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch
pl:Nazwy miejscowe Polski

A phonetic reduction of Dunawiec, from Proto-Slavic *dunavъ, *dunajъ (“backwater”) + -ec.

af

Dunajec (a river in southern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula)


Pamir

Pamir (nominative singular)
Pamiru (genitive singular)
Pamirowi (dative singular)
Pamir (accusative singular)
Pamirem (instrumental singular)
Pamirze (locative singular)
Pamirze (singular vocative)

Pamir (a mountain range in Central Asia)


arcosolium

arcosolium (nominative singular)
arcosolia (nominative plural)
arcosolium (genitive singular)
arcosoliów (genitive plural)
arcosolium (dative singular)
arcosoliom (dative plural)
arcosolium (accusative singular)
arcosolia (accusative plural)
arcosolium (instrumental singular)
arcosoliami (instrumental plural)
arcosolium (locative singular)
arcosoliach (locative plural)
arcosolium (singular vocative)
arcosolia (plural vocative)


wzgórze

wzgórze (nominative singular)
wzgórza (nominative plural)
wzgórza (genitive singular)
wzgórz (genitive plural)
wzgórzu (dative singular)
wzgórzom (dative plural)
wzgórze (accusative singular)
wzgórza (accusative plural)
wzgórzem (instrumental singular)
wzgórzami (instrumental plural)
wzgórzu (locative singular)
wzgórzach (locative plural)
wzgórze (singular vocative)
wzgórza (plural vocative)


Rubikon

Rubikon (nominative singular)
Rubikonu (genitive singular)
Rubikonowi (dative singular)
Rubikon (accusative singular)
Rubikonem (instrumental singular)
Rubikonie (locative singular)
Rubikonie (singular vocative)

Rubicon (a small river of historical significance in Italy, formerly known as the Fiumicino)


ZSRR

Initialism of Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich.

initialism

(historical) USSR, Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


Nowy Brunszwik

Nowy Brunszwik (nominative singular)
Nowego Brunszwika (genitive singular)
Nowemu Brunszwikowi (dative singular)
Nowy Brunszwik (accusative singular)
Nowym Brunszwikiem (instrumental singular)
Nowym Brunszwiku (locative singular)
Nowy Brunszwiku (singular vocative)


Jekaterynburg

Jekaterynburg (nominative singular)
Jekaterynburga (genitive singular)
Jekaterynburgowi (dative singular)
Jekaterynburg (accusative singular)
Jekaterynburgiem (instrumental singular)
Jekaterynburgu (locative singular)
Jekaterynburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Екатеринбу́рг (Jekaterinbúrg).

bor+

Екатеринбу́рг

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


Kazań

pl-prop

Kazań m inan (related adjective kazański)

kazański (adjective)
Kazań (nominative singular)
Kazania (genitive singular)
Kazaniowi (dative singular)
Kazań (accusative singular)
Kazaniem (instrumental singular)
Kazaniu (locative singular)
Kazaniu (singular vocative)

Kazan (the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)


Sankt Petersburg

Sankt Petersburg (nominative singular)
Sankt Petersburga (genitive singular)
Sankt Petersburgowi (dative singular)
Sankt Petersburg (accusative singular)
Sankt Petersburgiem (instrumental singular)
Sankt Petersburgu (locative singular)
Sankt Petersburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Са́нкт-Петербу́рг (Sánkt-Peterbúrg), from German Sankt Peterburg (“Saint Peter's City”).

bor+

Са́нкт-Петербу́рг

der

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Tottenham

Tottenham (nominative singular)
Tottenhamu (genitive singular)
Tottenhamowi (dative singular)
Tottenham (accusative singular)
Tottenhamem (instrumental singular)
Tottenhamie (locative singular)
Tottenhamie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Tottenham.


Oświęcim

Oświęcim (nominative singular)
Oświęcimia (genitive singular)
Oświęcimiowi (dative singular)
Oświęcim (accusative singular)
Oświęcimiem (instrumental singular)
Oświęcimiu (locative singular)
Oświęcimiu (singular vocative)

From older Uswiczin. First attested as Ospenchin in a Latin text


Izmir

pl-prop

Izmir m inan (related adjective izmirski)

izmirski (adjective)
Izmir (nominative singular)
Izmiru (genitive singular)
Izmirowi (dative singular)
Izmir (accusative singular)
Izmirem (instrumental singular)
Izmirze (locative singular)
Izmirze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish İzmir. Doublet of Smyrna.

Izmir (the capital city of İzmir, Turkey)


Smoleńsk

Smoleńsk (nominative singular)
Smoleńska (genitive singular)
Smoleńskowi (dative singular)
Smoleńsk (accusative singular)
Smoleńskiem (instrumental singular)
Smoleńsku (locative singular)
Smoleńsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Смоле́нск (Smolénsk).


Marsylia

pl-prop

Marsylia f (related adjective marsylski)

marsylski (adjective)
Marsylia (nominative singular)
Marsylii (genitive singular)
Marsylii (dative singular)
Marsylię (accusative singular)
Marsylią (instrumental singular)
Marsylii (locative singular)
Marsylio (singular vocative)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital and largest city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital and largest city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)