Afryka

afrykański (adjective)
Afryka (nominative singular)
Afryki (genitive singular)
Afryce (dative singular)
Afrykę (accusative singular)
Afryką (instrumental singular)
Afryce (locative singular)
Afryko (singular vocative)

Africa (the continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica)


Ameryka Południowa

pl-prop

Ameryka Południowa f (related adjective południowoamerykański)

południowoamerykański (adjective)
Ameryka Południowa (nominative singular)
Ameryki Południowej (genitive singular)
Ameryce Południowej (dative singular)
Amerykę Południową (accusative singular)
Ameryką Południową (instrumental singular)
Ameryce Południowej (locative singular)
Ameryko Południowa (singular vocative)


Bahamy

Bahamy nvir pl (related adjective bahamski)

bahamski (adjective)
Bahamy (nominative plural)
Bahamów (genitive plural)
Bahamom (dative plural)
Bahamy (accusative plural)
Bahamami (instrumental plural)
Bahamach (locative plural)
Bahamy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Bahamas.

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Bahrajn

Bahrajn (nominative singular)
Bahrajny (nominative plural)
Bahrajnu (genitive singular)
Bahrajnów (genitive plural)
Bahrajnowi (dative singular)
Bahrajnom (dative plural)
Bahrajn (accusative singular)
Bahrajny (accusative plural)
Bahrajnem (instrumental singular)
Bahrajnami (instrumental plural)
Bahrajnie (locative singular)
Bahrajnach (locative plural)
Bahrajnie (singular vocative)
Bahrajny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn, literally “the two seas”)

bor+

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Komory

pl-proper noun

Komory m inan (related adjective komoryjski)

komoryjski (adjective)
Komory (nominative singular)
Komorów (genitive singular)
Komorom (dative singular)
Komory (accusative singular)
Komorami (instrumental singular)
Komorach (locative singular)
Komory (singular vocative)

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Dominika

Dominika f (related adjective dominicki)

dominicki (adjective)
Dominika (nominative singular)
Dominiki (nominative plural)
Dominiki (genitive singular)
Dominik (genitive plural)
Dominice (dative singular)
Dominikom (dative plural)
Dominikę (accusative singular)
Dominiki (accusative plural)
Dominiką (instrumental singular)
Dominikami (instrumental plural)
Dominice (locative singular)
Dominikach (locative plural)
Dominiko (singular vocative)
Dominiki (plural vocative)

(singular only) Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Nikaragua

Nikaragua f (related adjective nikaraguański)

nikaraguański (adjective)
Nikaragua (nominative singular)
Nikaragui (genitive singular)
Nikaragui (dative singular)
Nikaraguę (accusative singular)
Nikaraguą (instrumental singular)
Nikaragui (locative singular)
Nikaraguo (singular vocative)

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Jenisej

Jenisej (nominative singular)
Jeniseju (genitive singular)
Jenisejowi (dative singular)
Jenisej (accusative singular)
Jenisejem (instrumental singular)
Jeniseju (locative singular)
Jeniseju (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Енисе́й (Jeniséj), from Old Kyrgyz Эне-Сай (Ene-Say, “mother river”) or from Evenki Ионэсси (Ionəssi, “big water”).


Tajlandia

Tajlandia (nominative singular)
Tajlandii (genitive singular)
Tajlandii (dative singular)
Tajlandię (accusative singular)
Tajlandią (instrumental singular)
Tajlandii (locative singular)
Tajlandio (singular vocative)


kocioł

pl-noun

kocioł m inan (diminutive kociołek or kotlik)

kociołek (diminutive)
kotlik (diminutive)
kocioł (nominative singular)
kotły (nominative plural)
kotła (genitive singular)
kotłów (genitive plural)
kotłowi (dative singular)
kotłom (dative plural)
kocioł (accusative singular)
kotły (accusative plural)
kotłem (instrumental singular)
kotłami (instrumental plural)
kotle (locative singular)
kotłach (locative plural)
kotle (singular vocative)
kotły (plural vocative)


apteka

apteka (nominative singular)
apteki (nominative plural)
apteki (genitive singular)
aptek (genitive plural)
aptece (dative singular)
aptekom (dative plural)
aptekę (accusative singular)
apteki (accusative plural)
apteką (instrumental singular)
aptekami (instrumental plural)
aptece (locative singular)
aptekach (locative plural)
apteko (singular vocative)
apteki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аптэ́ка (aptéka)

→ Kashubian: aptéka

→ Russian: апте́ка (aptéka) (see there for further descendants)

→ Slovincian: aptéka

→ Ukrainian: апте́ка (aptéka)

Inherited from Old Polish apoteka. Doublet of butik.

(pharmacy) pharmacy (place where prescription drugs are dispensed)

(Middle Polish) book of prescriptions and treatments

Tata kupił wczoraj leki w aptece.

Dad bought medicine yesterday at the pharmacy


eurocent

eurocent m animal (related adjective eurocentowy)

eurocentowy (adjective)
eurocent (nominative singular)
eurocenty (nominative plural)
eurocenta (genitive singular)
eurocentów (genitive plural)
eurocentowi (dative singular)
eurocentom (dative plural)
eurocenta (accusative singular)
eurocenty (accusative plural)
eurocentem (instrumental singular)
eurocentami (instrumental plural)
eurocencie (locative singular)
eurocentach (locative plural)
eurocencie (singular vocative)
eurocenty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare Dutch eurocent, English Eurocent, German Eurocent. By surface analysis, euro- + cent.

Coordinate term: euro


Görlitz

Unadapted borrowing from German Görlitz. Doublet of Zgorzelec.


Auschwitz

Auschwitz (nominative singular)
Auschwitzu (genitive singular)
Auschwitzowi (dative singular)
Auschwitz (accusative singular)
Auschwitzem (instrumental singular)
Auschwitzu (locative singular)
Auschwitzu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Auschwitz, from Polish Oświęcim.

ubor

(historical, Nazism, World War II) Auschwitz (concentration camp)


obóz

obozowy (adjective)
obóz (nominative singular)
obozy (nominative plural)
obozu (genitive singular)
obozów (genitive plural)
obozowi (dative singular)
obozom (dative plural)
obóz (accusative singular)
obozy (accusative plural)
obozem (instrumental singular)
obozami (instrumental plural)
obozie (locative singular)
obozach (locative plural)
obozie (singular vocative)
obozy (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: abazas

Inherited from Old Polish obóz. By surface analysis, deverbal from obwieźć.

surf

camp (recreation consisting of a given group spending time of people outside their place of residence, at least for a few days, enabling them to combine rest with study or sport)

camp (people participating in such recreation)

camp (training intended for athletes, carried out to improve their physical condition and skills before sports competitions)


wieś

pl-noun

wieś f (diminutive wioska, augmentative wiocha, related adjective wiejski or (obsolete) wsiowy or (obsolete) wieśny or (rare) wsiański, abbreviation w.)

wioska (diminutive)
wiocha (augmentative)
wiejski (adjective)
wsiowy (adjective obsolete)
wieśny (adjective obsolete)
wsiański (adjective rare)
w. (abbreviation)
wieś (nominative singular)
wsie (nominative plural)
wsi (nominative plural)
wsi (genitive singular)
wsi (genitive plural)
wsi (dative singular)
wsiom (dative plural)
wieś (accusative singular)
wsie (accusative plural)
wsi (accusative plural)
wsią (instrumental singular)
wsiami (instrumental plural)
wsi (locative singular)
wsiach (locative plural)
wsi (singular vocative)
wsie (plural vocative)
wsi (plural vocative)

(demonym) village (residents of such a place)


Rosja

Rosja (nominative singular)
Rosje (nominative plural)
Rosji (genitive singular)
Rosji (genitive plural)
Rosyj (archaic genitive plural)
Rosji (dative singular)
Rosjom (dative plural)
Rosję (accusative singular)
Rosje (accusative plural)
Rosją (instrumental singular)
Rosjami (instrumental plural)
Rosji (locative singular)
Rosjach (locative plural)
Rosjo (singular vocative)
Rosje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωσία (Rhōsía), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ), possibly from Finnish Ruotsi (“Sweden”), from Old Norse Róðrsland (“the land of rowing”), older name of Roslagen, where the Finns and Swedes first met.

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Mołdawia

Mołdawia (nominative singular)
Mołdawii (genitive singular)
Mołdawii (dative singular)
Mołdawię (accusative singular)
Mołdawią (instrumental singular)
Mołdawii (locative singular)
Mołdawio (singular vocative)


dziura

dziurka (diminutive)
dziura (nominative singular)
dziury (nominative plural)
dziury (genitive singular)
dziur (genitive plural)
dziurze (dative singular)
dziurom (dative plural)
dziurę (accusative singular)
dziury (accusative plural)
dziurą (instrumental singular)
dziurami (instrumental plural)
dziurze (locative singular)
dziurach (locative plural)
dziuro (singular vocative)
dziury (plural vocative)

dura

Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Malbork

(colloquial, derogatory) backwater (place that is impoverished and perceived as far from civilization)


Ameryka Północna

pl-prop

Ameryka Północna f (related adjective północnoamerykański)

północnoamerykański (adjective)
Ameryka Północna (nominative singular)
Ameryki Północnej (genitive singular)
Ameryce Północnej (dative singular)
Amerykę Północną (accusative singular)
Ameryką Północną (instrumental singular)
Ameryce Północnej (locative singular)
Ameryko Północna (singular vocative)


ogród

ogródek (diminutive)
ogród (nominative singular)
ogrody (nominative plural)
ogrodu (genitive singular)
ogrodów (genitive plural)
ogrodowi (dative singular)
ogrodom (dative plural)
ogród (accusative singular)
ogrody (accusative plural)
ogrodem (instrumental singular)
ogrodami (instrumental plural)
ogrodzie (locative singular)
ogrodach (locative plural)
ogrodzie (singular vocative)
ogrody (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)gordъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from ogrodzić.


Ameryka

pl-proper noun

Ameryka f (related adjective amerykański)

amerykański (adjective)
Ameryka (nominative singular)
Ameryki (nominative plural)
Ameryki (genitive singular)
Ameryk (genitive plural)
Ameryce (dative singular)
Amerykom (dative plural)
Amerykę (accusative singular)
Ameryki (accusative plural)
Ameryką (instrumental singular)
Amerykami (instrumental plural)
Ameryce (locative singular)
Amerykach (locative plural)
Ameryko (singular vocative)
Ameryki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English America.

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Katarzyna

Katarzyna (nominative singular)
Katarzyny (genitive singular)
Katarzynie (dative singular)
Katarzynę (accusative singular)
Katarzyną (instrumental singular)
Katarzynie (locative singular)
Katarzyno (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Catharina, Catherina.

lbor

Piotrków Kujawski
Piotrków Kujawski#English

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Katarzyna (a village in the Gmina of Piotrków Kujawski, Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

Katarzyna (a village in the Gmina of Przedecz, Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Nazaret

Nazaret (nominative singular)
Nazaretu (genitive singular)
Nazaretowi (dative singular)
Nazaret (accusative singular)
Nazaretem (instrumental singular)
Nazarecie (locative singular)
Nazarecie (singular vocative)

Northern District
Northern District#English

Nazareth (the largest city in the Northern District, Israel)


Krym

Krym (nominative singular)
Krymu (genitive singular)
Krymowi (dative singular)
Krym (accusative singular)
Krymem (instrumental singular)
Krymie (locative singular)
Krymie (singular vocative)


kontynent

kontynent (nominative singular)
kontynenty (nominative plural)
kontynentu (genitive singular)
kontynentów (genitive plural)
kontynentowi (dative singular)
kontynentom (dative plural)
kontynent (accusative singular)
kontynenty (accusative plural)
kontynentem (instrumental singular)
kontynentami (instrumental plural)
kontynencie (locative singular)
kontynentach (locative plural)
kontynencie (singular vocative)
kontynenty (plural vocative)


Neapol

Neapol (nominative singular)
Neapolu (genitive singular)
Neapolowi (dative singular)
Neapol (accusative singular)
Neapolem (instrumental singular)
Neapolu (locative singular)
Neapolu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā) + πόλῐς (pólĭs).


rozwidlenie

rozwidlenie (nominative singular)
rozwidlenia (nominative plural)
rozwidlenia (genitive singular)
rozwidleń (genitive plural)
rozwidleniu (dative singular)
rozwidleniom (dative plural)
rozwidlenie (accusative singular)
rozwidlenia (accusative plural)
rozwidleniem (instrumental singular)
rozwidleniami (instrumental plural)
rozwidleniu (locative singular)
rozwidleniach (locative plural)
rozwidlenie (singular vocative)
rozwidlenia (plural vocative)

(countable) crotch (area where something forks or branches, where a ramification takes place)


Chińska Republika Ludowa

pl-prop

Chińska Republika Ludowa f (abbreviation ChRL)

ChRL (abbreviation)
Chińska Republika Ludowa (nominative singular)
Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej (genitive singular)
Chińskiej Republice Ludowej (dative singular)
Chińską Republikę Ludową (accusative singular)
Chińską Republiką Ludową (instrumental singular)
Chińskiej Republice Ludowej (locative singular)
Chińska Republiko Ludowa (singular vocative)

Literally, “Chinese People's Republic”. Perhaps a calque of Russian Кита́йская Наро́дная Респу́блика (Kitájskaja Naródnaja Respúblika).

cal

Кита́йская Наро́дная Респу́блика

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

China, People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia)


Falklandy

pl-prop

Falklandy nvir pl (related adjective falklandzki)

falklandzki (adjective)
Falklandy (nominative plural)
Falklandów (genitive plural)
Falklandom (dative plural)
Falklandy (accusative plural)
Falklandami (instrumental plural)
Falklandach (locative plural)
Falklandy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Falklands.

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English

Falklands, Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom)


wulkan

pl-noun

wulkan m inan (related adjective wulkaniczny)

wulkaniczny (adjective)
wulkan (nominative singular)
wulkany (nominative plural)
wulkanu (genitive singular)
wulkanów (genitive plural)
wulkanowi (dative singular)
wulkanom (dative plural)
wulkan (accusative singular)
wulkany (accusative plural)
wulkanem (instrumental singular)
wulkanami (instrumental plural)
wulkanie (locative singular)
wulkanach (locative plural)
wulkanie (singular vocative)
wulkany (plural vocative)

(volcanology) volcano (mountain containing a magma chamber)

(figurative) ball of fire (person who is especially hard-working, high-achieving, ambitious, or active)


rzeka

rzeka f (diminutive rzeczka or rzeczułka, related adjective rzeczny)

rzeczka (diminutive)
rzeczułka (diminutive)
rzeczny (adjective)
rzeka (nominative singular)
rzeki (nominative plural)
rzeki (genitive singular)
rzek (genitive plural)
rzece (dative singular)
rzekom (dative plural)
rzekę (accusative singular)
rzeki (accusative plural)
rzeką (instrumental singular)
rzekami (instrumental plural)
rzece (locative singular)
rzekach (locative plural)
rzeko (singular vocative)
rzeki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rzeka. Doublet of Rijeka.

(figuratively) river (large number of objects moving in an uninterrupted, steady motion)


Ryga

pl-prop

Ryga f (related adjective ryski, demonym ryżanin, female demonym ryżanka)

ryski (adjective)
ryżanin (demonym)
ryżanka (demonym feminine)
Ryga (nominative singular)
Rygi (genitive singular)
Rydze (dative singular)
Rygę (accusative singular)
Rygą (instrumental singular)
Rydze (locative singular)
Rygo (singular vocative)

Riga (the capital and largest city of Latvia)


Bianka

Bianka (nominative singular)
Bianki (nominative plural)
Bianki (genitive singular)
Bianek (genitive plural)
Biance (dative singular)
Biankom (dative plural)
Biankę (accusative singular)
Bianki (accusative plural)
Bianką (instrumental singular)
Biankami (instrumental plural)
Biance (locative singular)
Biankach (locative plural)
Bianko (singular vocative)
Bianki (plural vocative)


miejsce

miejsce (nominative singular)
miejsca (nominative plural)
miejsca (genitive singular)
miejsc (genitive plural)
miejscu (dative singular)
miejscom (dative plural)
miejsce (accusative singular)
miejsca (accusative plural)
miejscem (instrumental singular)
miejscami (instrumental plural)
miejscu (locative singular)
miejscach (locative plural)
miejsce (singular vocative)
miejsca (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mieśćce. By surface analysis, miasto + -ce.

(Middle Polish) opportunity, occasion; possibility; need


Śląsk

śląski (adjective)
Śląsk (nominative singular)
Śląska (genitive singular)
Śląskowi (dative singular)
Śląsk (accusative singular)
Śląskiem (instrumental singular)
Śląsku (locative singular)
Śląsku (singular vocative)

Silesia (a historical region in the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland)


Epir

Epir m inan (related adjective epirski or epirocki)

epirski (adjective)
epirocki (adjective)
Epir (nominative singular)
Epiru (genitive singular)
Epirowi (dative singular)
Epir (accusative singular)
Epirem (instrumental singular)
Epirze (locative singular)
Epirze (singular vocative)

Epirus (a historical region in Albania and Greece)


niż

Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).

surf

Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.

1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2:

You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.

...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.

1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4:

[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.

...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.

2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178:

...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.

Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.

2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45:

Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.

Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...

2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20:

As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...

used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than

(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however


niż

Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.


niż

bo my nyſzeſzmy thego doſſwyatczely iſſz tho czo ſye dzyalo za przodkow naſſzych […] bylo wſzyſthko dobrze

1500-1547, Libri legationum, page 8/133:

NYſz ſpráwą myſlą zſſedwſſy ſie ſpołu/ rozráduymy ſie pánu ſwemu

Czos chces niz ſię winien dawam

Panie ſtrzez ſie chytry to Chłop A ſnaċ chytroſczj nicz [!] ktory Pop RejKup dd5; iż ſie dla thego vcżył/ áby ſwą náuką pożytecżnem ſie sſtał niż wten cżás gdy ná to ſie wſpomoże á záłoży

1558, E. Gliczner, Książki o wychowaniu dzieci, page Ov:

Krol IMPan nasz na Zęby chor, ale iakis pod czas słaby bywa wszakze niz todwakroć albo trzy po odiachaniu wm wpole wyiezdzał

1588, Acta primi regiminis Sigismundi III, page 155:

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


niż

niż (nominative singular)
niże (nominative plural)
niżu (genitive singular)
niżów (genitive plural)
niżowi (dative singular)
niżom (dative plural)
niż (accusative singular)
niże (accusative plural)
niżem (instrumental singular)
niżami (instrumental plural)
niżu (locative singular)
niżach (locative plural)
niżu (singular vocative)
niże (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(geography) depression, lowland (low area)


sypialnia

sypialnia (nominative singular)
sypialnie (nominative plural)
sypialni (genitive singular)
sypialni (genitive plural)
sypialń (genitive plural)
sypialni (dative singular)
sypialniom (dative plural)
sypialnię (accusative singular)
sypialnie (accusative plural)
sypialnią (instrumental singular)
sypialniami (instrumental plural)
sypialni (locative singular)
sypialniach (locative plural)
sypialnio (singular vocative)
sypialnie (plural vocative)

(informal, derogatory) dormitory suburb; a remote neighborhood of a city consisting exclusively of residential buildings


Kosowo

Kosowo (nominative singular)
Kosowa (genitive singular)
Kosowu (dative singular)
Kosowo (accusative singular)
Kosowem (instrumental singular)
Kosowie (locative singular)
Kosowo (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Salwador

pl-proper noun

Salwador m inan (related adjective salwadorski)

salwadorski (adjective)
Salwador (nominative singular)
Salwadoru (genitive singular)
Salwadorowi (dative singular)
Salwador (accusative singular)
Salwadorem (instrumental singular)
Salwadorze (locative singular)
Salwadorze (singular vocative)

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Erytrea

Erytrea f (related adjective erytrejski)

erytrejski (adjective)
Erytrea (nominative singular)
Erytrei (genitive singular)
Erytrei (dative singular)
Erytreę (accusative singular)
Erytreą (instrumental singular)
Erytrei (locative singular)
Erytreo (singular vocative)

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Londyn

pl-prop

Londyn m inan (related adjective londyński)

londyński (adjective)
Londyn (nominative singular)
Londynu (genitive singular)
Londynowi (dative singular)
Londyn (accusative singular)
Londynem (instrumental singular)
Londynie (locative singular)
Londynie (singular vocative)

London (the capital and largest city of the United Kingdom)

London (the capital and largest city of England, United Kingdom)


Rzym

Rzym (nominative singular)
Rzymu (genitive singular)
Rzymowi (dative singular)
Rzym (accusative singular)
Rzymem (instrumental singular)
Rzymie (locative singular)
Rzymie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish Rzym. For similar religious borrowings, compare Żyd (“Jew”), krzyż (“cross”).

(Ancient Rome, historical) Roman Empire (an ancient empire)


Poznań

Poznań (nominative singular)
Poznania (genitive singular)
Poznaniowi (dative singular)
Poznań (accusative singular)
Poznaniem (instrumental singular)
Poznaniu (locative singular)
Poznaniu (singular vocative)

Possessive form of the Old Polish name Poznan, itself from poznać (“to learn, to get to know (a person)”).

Poznan (the capital city of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Wrocław

Wrocław (nominative singular)
Wrocławia (genitive singular)
Wrocławiowi (dative singular)
Wrocław (accusative singular)
Wrocławiem (instrumental singular)
Wrocławiu (locative singular)
Wrocławiu (singular vocative)

From Wrocisław, Wrócisław, or Warcisław, an Old Polish given name, cognate with the Czech Vratislav. The name is derived from wrócić (“to return; archaically: to give back, to defeat a foe, to force to flee”) + -sław (“name, respect, glory, reputation”). Traditionally considered to be named after Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia, the legendary founder of the city. However, this hypothesis is problematic, since the first records of the city's existence are several decades later than the death of Vratislaus I.

named-after

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Wrocław (the capital city of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Szczecin

Szczecin (nominative singular)
Szczecina (genitive singular)
Szczecinowi (dative singular)
Szczecin (accusative singular)
Szczecinem (instrumental singular)
Szczecinie (locative singular)
Szczecinie (singular vocative)

/ˈʂt͡ʂɛ.t͡ɕin/

Most likely from szczeć (“teasel”) + -in. The city at one time had a German name, Bürstenburg, of similar meaning.

West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Szczecin (the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Pekin

Pekin (nominative singular)
Pekinu (genitive singular)
Pekinowi (dative singular)
Pekin (accusative singular)
Pekinem (instrumental singular)
Pekinie (locative singular)
Pekinie (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Białystok

pl-proper noun

Białystok m inan (related adjective białostocki)

białostocki (adjective)
Białystok (nominative singular)
Białegostoku (genitive singular)
Białemustokowi (dative singular)
Białystok (accusative singular)
Białymstokiem (instrumental singular)
Białymstoku (locative singular)
Białystoku (singular vocative)

Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship#English

Bialystok (the capital city of the Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland)


Lublin

pl-prop

Lublin m inan (related adjective lubelski)

lubelski (adjective)
Lublin (nominative singular)
Lublina (genitive singular)
Lublinowi (dative singular)
Lublin (accusative singular)
Lublinem (instrumental singular)
Lublinie (locative singular)
Lublinie (singular vocative)

→ English: Lublin

→ German: Lublin

Inherited from Old Polish Lublin, from the given name *Lubla/*Lubel + -in (compare Lubomir, Lubogost).

Mieszkam w Lublinie.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship#English

Lublin (the capital city of the Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)

Kazimierz Rymut
pl:Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch
pl:Nazwy miejscowe Polski


Lizbona

lizboński (adjective)
Lizbona (nominative singular)
Lizbony (genitive singular)
Lizbonie (dative singular)
Lizbonę (accusative singular)
Lizboną (instrumental singular)
Lizbonie (locative singular)
Lizbono (singular vocative)

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


Chorwacja

Chorwacja (nominative singular)
Chorwacji (genitive singular)
Chorwacji (dative singular)
Chorwację (accusative singular)
Chorwacją (instrumental singular)
Chorwacji (locative singular)
Chorwacjo (singular vocative)

Internationalism, compare English Croatia, ultimatetly from Latin Croatia.

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Słowenia

Słowenia (nominative singular)
Słowenii (genitive singular)
Słowenii (dative singular)
Słowenię (accusative singular)
Słowenią (instrumental singular)
Słowenii (locative singular)
Słowenio (singular vocative)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Łotwa

Łotwa (nominative singular)
Łotwy (genitive singular)
Łotwie (dative singular)
Łotwę (accusative singular)
Łotwą (instrumental singular)
Łotwie (locative singular)
Łotwo (singular vocative)


Budapeszt

Budapeszt m inan (related adjective budapeszteński)

budapeszteński (adjective)
Budapeszt (nominative singular)
Budapesztu (genitive singular)
Budapesztowi (dative singular)
Budapeszt (accusative singular)
Budapesztem (instrumental singular)
Budapeszcie (locative singular)
Budapeszcie (singular vocative)

Budapest (the capital and largest city of Hungary)


Patagonia

Patagonia (nominative singular)
Patagonii (genitive singular)
Patagonii (dative singular)
Patagonię (accusative singular)
Patagonią (instrumental singular)
Patagonii (locative singular)
Patagonio (singular vocative)


Ocean Spokojny

Ocean Spokojny (nominative singular)
Oceanu Spokojnego (genitive singular)
Oceanowi Spokojnemu (dative singular)
Ocean Spokojny (accusative singular)
Oceanem Spokojnym (instrumental singular)
Oceanie Spokojnym (locative singular)
Oceanie Spokojny (singular vocative)


Ocean Atlantycki

Ocean Atlantycki (nominative singular)
Oceanu Atlantyckiego (genitive singular)
Oceanowi Atlantyckiemu (dative singular)
Ocean Atlantycki (accusative singular)
Oceanem Atlantyckim (instrumental singular)
Oceanie Atlantyckim (locative singular)
Oceanie Atlantycki (singular vocative)


Ocean Indyjski

Ocean Indyjski (nominative singular)
Oceanu Indyjskiego (genitive singular)
Oceanowi Indyjskiemu (dative singular)
Ocean Indyjski (accusative singular)
Oceanem Indyjskim (instrumental singular)
Oceanie Indyjskim (locative singular)
Oceanie Indyjski (singular vocative)


Ocean Arktyczny

Ocean Arktyczny (nominative singular)
Oceanu Arktycznego (genitive singular)
Oceanowi Arktycznemu (dative singular)
Ocean Arktyczny (accusative singular)
Oceanem Arktycznym (instrumental singular)
Oceanie Arktycznym (locative singular)
Oceanie Arktyczny (singular vocative)


mrowisko

mrowisko (nominative singular)
mrowiska (nominative plural)
mrowiska (genitive singular)
mrowisk (genitive plural)
mrowisku (dative singular)
mrowiskom (dative plural)
mrowisko (accusative singular)
mrowiska (accusative plural)
mrowiskiem (instrumental singular)
mrowiskami (instrumental plural)
mrowisku (locative singular)
mrowiskach (locative plural)
mrowisko (singular vocative)
mrowiska (plural vocative)

Equivalent to mrówa + -isko or mrowie + -isko.


Jokohama

Jokohama f (related adjective jokohamski)

jokohamski (adjective)
Jokohama (nominative singular)
Jokohamy (genitive singular)
Jokohamie (dative singular)
Jokohamę (accusative singular)
Jokohamą (instrumental singular)
Jokohamie (locative singular)
Jokohamo (singular vocative)

Yokohama (the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


Gujana

gujański (adjective)
Gujana (nominative singular)
Gujany (genitive singular)
Gujanie (dative singular)
Gujanę (accusative singular)
Gujaną (instrumental singular)
Gujanie (locative singular)
Gujano (singular vocative)


Celina

Celina (nominative singular)
Celiny (genitive singular)
Celinie (dative singular)
Celinę (accusative singular)
Celiną (instrumental singular)
Celinie (locative singular)
Celino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Céline, from Latin Caelīna, Coelīna.

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Celina (a village in the Gmina of Kobiele Wielkie, Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Celina (a village in the Gmina of Jelcz-Laskowice, Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


kanał

kanał (nominative singular)
kanały (nominative plural)
kanału (genitive singular)
kanałów (genitive plural)
kanałowi (dative singular)
kanałom (dative plural)
kanał (accusative singular)
kanały (accusative plural)
kanałem (instrumental singular)
kanałami (instrumental plural)
kanale (locative singular)
kanałach (locative plural)
kanale (singular vocative)
kanały (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Russian: канава (kanava)
→ Azerbaijani: qanov
→ Bezhta: канав (kanav)
→ Finnish: kanava
→ Komi-Zyrian: канава (kanava)
→ Votic: kanavõ

→ Ukrainian: канава (kanava)

Learned borrowing from Latin canālis (“channel, canal”).


Republika Czeska

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


tygrys

pl-noun

tygrys m animal (female equivalent tygrysica or tygrzyca, diminutive tygrysek, related adjective tygrysi or tygrysowy)

tygrysica (feminine)
tygrzyca (feminine)
tygrysek (diminutive)
tygrysi (adjective)
tygrysowy (adjective)
tygrys (nominative singular)
tygrysy (nominative plural)
tygrysa (genitive singular)
tygrysów (genitive plural)
tygrysowi (dative singular)
tygrysom (dative plural)
tygrysa (accusative singular)
tygrysy (accusative plural)
tygrysem (instrumental singular)
tygrysami (instrumental plural)
tygrysie (locative singular)
tygrysach (locative plural)
tygrysie (singular vocative)
tygrysy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tigris. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English tiger. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from German Tiger.

sl

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(figurative) tiger (relatively small country or group of countries with a fast-growing economy)


przesmyk

przesmyk (nominative singular)
przesmyki (nominative plural)
przesmyku (genitive singular)
przesmyków (genitive plural)
przesmykowi (dative singular)
przesmykom (dative plural)
przesmyk (accusative singular)
przesmyki (accusative plural)
przesmykiem (instrumental singular)
przesmykami (instrumental plural)
przesmyku (locative singular)
przesmykach (locative plural)
przesmyku (singular vocative)
przesmyki (plural vocative)

corridor, gorge, neck (narrow, tight passage, e.g. between rocks or buildings)


Kioto

Kyoto (the capital and largest city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


Alpy

pl-prop

Alpy nvir pl (related adjective alpejski)

alpejski (adjective)
Alpy (nominative plural)
Alp (genitive plural)
Alpom (dative plural)
Alpy (accusative plural)
Alpami (instrumental plural)
Alpach (locative plural)
Alpy (plural vocative)

Alps (a mountain range in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia and Switzerland)


Tatry

Tatry (nominative plural)
Tatr (genitive plural)
Tatrom (dative plural)
Tatry (accusative plural)
Tatrami (instrumental plural)
Tatrach (locative plural)
Tatry (plural vocative)

Tatra Mountains (a mountain range in Carpathians)


Himalaje

Himalaje nvir pl (related adjective himalajski)

himalajski (adjective)
Himalaje (nominative plural)
Himalajów (genitive plural)
Himalajom (dative plural)
Himalaje (accusative plural)
Himalajami (instrumental plural)
Himalajach (locative plural)
Himalaje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Himalayas, French Himalaya, German Himalaja, ultimately from Sanskrit हिमालय (himālaya).

Himalayas (a mountain range in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan)


Karpaty

Karpaty (nominative plural)
Karpat (genitive plural)
Karpatom (dative plural)
Karpaty (accusative plural)
Karpatami (instrumental plural)
Karpatach (locative plural)
Karpaty (plural vocative)

Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains#English


Sardynia

Sardynia f (related adjective sardyński)

sardyński (adjective)
Sardynia (nominative singular)
Sardynii (genitive singular)
Sardynii (dative singular)
Sardynię (accusative singular)
Sardynią (instrumental singular)
Sardynii (locative singular)
Sardynio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Sardegna, from Latin Sardinia, from Ancient Greek Σαρδώ (Sardṓ).

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


bełt

bełt m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bełt (nominative singular)
bełty (nominative plural)
bełtu (genitive singular)
bełtów (genitive plural)
bełtowi (dative singular)
bełtom (dative plural)
bełt (accusative singular)
bełta (accusative singular)
bełty (accusative plural)
bełtem (instrumental singular)
bełtami (instrumental plural)
bełcie (locative singular)
bełtach (locative plural)
bełcie (singular vocative)
bełty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bełt. By surface analysis, deverbal from bełtać (“to stir”).

surf

(obsolete, fishing) rod (pole with a knob at the end which fishermen use to swirl the water, driving fish into the net sometimes used as a kind of oar to push the boat in shallow, swampy or overgrown places)


Kanton

pl-prop

Kanton m inan (related adjective kantoński)

kantoński (adjective)
Kanton (nominative singular)
Kantonu (genitive singular)
Kantonowi (dative singular)
Kanton (accusative singular)
Kantonem (instrumental singular)
Kantonie (locative singular)
Kantonie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Canton, French Canton, Russian Канто́н (Kantón), ultimately from Portuguese Cantão, from Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng). Doublet of Guangdong.

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Numidia

Numidia (nominative singular)
Numidii (genitive singular)
Numidii (dative singular)
Numidię (accusative singular)
Numidią (instrumental singular)
Numidii (locative singular)
Numidio (singular vocative)


Libia

libijski (adjective)
Libia (nominative singular)
Libii (genitive singular)
Libii (dative singular)
Libię (accusative singular)
Libią (instrumental singular)
Libii (locative singular)
Libio (singular vocative)


Erywań

Erywań (nominative singular)
Erywania (genitive singular)
Erywaniowi (dative singular)
Erywań (accusative singular)
Erywaniem (instrumental singular)
Erywaniu (locative singular)
Erywaniu (singular vocative)


dół

dołek (diminutive)
dół (nominative singular)
doły (nominative plural)
dołu (genitive singular)
dołów (genitive plural)
dołowi (dative singular)
dołom (dative plural)
dół (accusative singular)
doły (accusative plural)
dołem (instrumental singular)
dołami (instrumental plural)
dole (locative singular)
dołach (locative plural)
dole (singular vocative)
doły (plural vocative)


przystanek

pl-noun

przystanek m inan (diminutive przystaneczek, related adjective przystankowy)

przystaneczek (diminutive)
przystankowy (adjective)
przystanek (nominative singular)
przystanki (nominative plural)
przystanku (genitive singular)
przystanków (genitive plural)
przystankowi (dative singular)
przystankom (dative plural)
przystanek (accusative singular)
przystanki (accusative plural)
przystankiem (instrumental singular)
przystankami (instrumental plural)
przystanku (locative singular)
przystankach (locative plural)
przystanku (singular vocative)
przystanki (plural vocative)

przystanek autobusowy

przystanek tramwajowy

przystanek na żądanie

stop (usually marked place where buses, trams, or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station)


Kallisto

Callisto (Jupiter's second largest moon)


cmentarz

cmentarz m inan (diminutive cmentarzyk, augmentative cmentarzysko, related adjective cmentarny)

cmentarzyk (diminutive)
cmentarzysko (augmentative)
cmentarny (adjective)
cmentarz (nominative singular)
cmentarze (nominative plural)
cmentarza (genitive singular)
cmentarzy (genitive plural)
cmentarzowi (dative singular)
cmentarzom (dative plural)
cmentarz (accusative singular)
cmentarze (accusative plural)
cmentarzem (instrumental singular)
cmentarzami (instrumental plural)
cmentarzu (locative singular)
cmentarzach (locative plural)
cmentarzu (singular vocative)
cmentarze (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: цвінта́р (cvintár)

→ Ukrainian: цви́нтар (cvýntar)

Inherited from Old Polish cmyntarz, from Latin cimitērium, from coemētērium, from Ancient Greek κοιμητήριον (koimētḗrion, “sleeping chamber”), from κοιμάω (koimáō, “to put to sleep”).


Azja

azjatycki (adjective)
Azja (nominative singular)
Azji (genitive singular)
Azji (dative singular)
Azję (accusative singular)
Azją (instrumental singular)
Azji (locative singular)
Azjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/), probably from Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/) of uncertain origin.


polana

polanka (diminutive)
polana (nominative singular)
polany (nominative plural)
polany (genitive singular)
polan (genitive plural)
polanie (dative singular)
polanom (dative plural)
polanę (accusative singular)
polany (accusative plural)
polaną (instrumental singular)
polanami (instrumental plural)
polanie (locative singular)
polanach (locative plural)
polano (singular vocative)
polany (plural vocative)


Gwinea Równikowa

Gwinea Równikowa (nominative singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (genitive singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (dative singular)
Gwineę Równikową (accusative singular)
Gwineą Równikową (instrumental singular)
Gwinei Równikowej (locative singular)
Gwineo Równikowa (singular vocative)

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Adelajda

Adelajda (nominative singular)
Adelajdy (nominative plural)
Adelajdy (genitive singular)
Adelajd (genitive plural)
Adelajdzie (dative singular)
Adelajdom (dative plural)
Adelajdę (accusative singular)
Adelajdy (accusative plural)
Adelajdą (instrumental singular)
Adelajdami (instrumental plural)
Adelajdzie (locative singular)
Adelajdach (locative plural)
Adelajdo (singular vocative)
Adelajdy (plural vocative)

Adelaide (the state capital of South Australia)


Vantaa

Vantaa (nominative singular)
Vanty (genitive singular)
Vancie (dative singular)
Vantę (accusative singular)
Vantą (instrumental singular)
Vancie (locative singular)
Vanto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Vantaa.

Vantaa (a city and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland)


Republika Środkowoafrykańska

Republika Środkowoafrykańska (nominative singular)
Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej (genitive singular)
Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej (dative singular)
Republikę Środkowoafrykańską (accusative singular)
Republiką Środkowoafrykańską (instrumental singular)
Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej (locative singular)
Republiko Środkowoafrykańska (singular vocative)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


wąwóz

wąwóz (nominative singular)
wąwozy (nominative plural)
wąwozu (genitive singular)
wąwozów (genitive plural)
wąwozowi (dative singular)
wąwozom (dative plural)
wąwóz (accusative singular)
wąwozy (accusative plural)
wąwozem (instrumental singular)
wąwozami (instrumental plural)
wąwozie (locative singular)
wąwozach (locative plural)
wąwozie (singular vocative)
wąwozy (plural vocative)


brzeg

pl-noun

brzeg m inan (diminutive brzeżek, related adjective brzegowy or brzeżny)

brzeżek (diminutive)
brzegowy (adjective)
brzeżny (adjective)
brzeg (nominative singular)
brzegi (nominative plural)
brzegu (genitive singular)
brzegów (genitive plural)
brzegowi (dative singular)
brzegom (dative plural)
brzeg (accusative singular)
brzegi (accusative plural)
brzegiem (instrumental singular)
brzegami (instrumental plural)
brzegu (locative singular)
brzegach (locative plural)
brzegu (singular vocative)
brzegi (plural vocative)

→ Yiddish: ברעג (breg)

Margineus, et Marginalis, Co ná końcu/ brzegu/ kráwędźi á kráyu yeſt.

Brzeg, krai, burta.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 639b:

(Middle Polish) edge; Further details are uncertain.


wybrzeże

wybrzeże (nominative singular)
wybrzeża (nominative plural)
wybrzeża (genitive singular)
wybrzeży (genitive plural)
wybrzeżu (dative singular)
wybrzeżom (dative plural)
wybrzeże (accusative singular)
wybrzeża (accusative plural)
wybrzeżem (instrumental singular)
wybrzeżami (instrumental plural)
wybrzeżu (locative singular)
wybrzeżach (locative plural)
wybrzeże (singular vocative)
wybrzeża (plural vocative)


siodło

siodełko (diminutive)
siodło (nominative singular)
siodła (nominative plural)
siodła (genitive singular)
siodeł (genitive plural)
siodłu (dative singular)
siodłom (dative plural)
siodło (accusative singular)
siodła (accusative plural)
siodłem (instrumental singular)
siodłami (instrumental plural)
siodle (locative singular)
siodłach (locative plural)
siodło (singular vocative)
siodła (plural vocative)
siodło (nominative singular)
siodła (nominative plural)
siodła (genitive singular)
siódł (genitive plural)
siodłu (dative singular)
siodłom (dative plural)
siodło (accusative singular)
siodła (accusative plural)
siodłem (instrumental singular)
siodłami (instrumental plural)
siedle (locative singular)
siodłach (locative plural)
siodło (singular vocative)
siodła (plural vocative)


Konstantynopol

Konstantynopol (nominative singular)
Konstantynopola (genitive singular)
Konstantynopolowi (dative singular)
Konstantynopol (accusative singular)
Konstantynopolem (instrumental singular)
Konstantynopolu (locative singular)
Konstantynopolu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Cōnstantīnopolis, from Byzantine Greek Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs).

der

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

(historical) Constantinople (the largest city in Turkey)


Dżakarta

Dżakarta (nominative singular)
Dżakarty (genitive singular)
Dżakarcie (dative singular)
Dżakartę (accusative singular)
Dżakartą (instrumental singular)
Dżakarcie (locative singular)
Dżakarto (singular vocative)


Dżibuti

pl-proper noun

Dżibuti n (indeclinable, related adjective dżibucki)

Djibouti (a country in East Africa)
Djibouti (the capital city of Djibouti)


dżungla

dżungla (nominative singular)
dżungle (nominative plural)
dżungli (genitive singular)
dżungli (genitive plural)
dżungli (dative singular)
dżunglom (dative plural)
dżunglę (accusative singular)
dżungle (accusative plural)
dżunglą (instrumental singular)
dżunglami (instrumental plural)
dżungli (locative singular)
dżunglach (locative plural)
dżunglo (singular vocative)
dżungle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English jungle, from Hindi जंगल (jaṅgal), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala).

(colloquial) jungle (place where people behave ruthlessly)


Argentyna

pl-prop

Argentyna f (related adjective argentyński)

argentyński (adjective)
Argentyna (nominative singular)
Argentyny (genitive singular)
Argentynie (dative singular)
Argentynę (accusative singular)
Argentyną (instrumental singular)
Argentynie (locative singular)
Argentyno (singular vocative)


szkocki

pl-adj

szkocki (not comparable, no derived adverb)

szkocki (masculine nominative singular)
szkocka (feminine nominative singular)
szkockie (neuter nominative singular)
szkoccy (nominative plural virile)
szkockie (nominative plural)
szkockiego (genitive masculine singular)
szkockiej (feminine genitive singular)
szkockiego (genitive neuter singular)
szkockich (genitive plural)
szkockich (genitive plural virile)
szkockiemu (dative masculine singular)
szkocku (archaic dative masculine singular)
szkockiej (dative feminine singular)
szkockiemu (dative neuter singular)
szkocku (archaic dative neuter singular)
szkockim (dative plural)
szkockim (dative plural virile)
szkockiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
szkocki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
szkocką (accusative feminine singular)
szkockie (accusative neuter singular)
szkockich (accusative plural virile)
szkockie (accusative plural)
szkockim (instrumental masculine singular)
szkocką (feminine instrumental singular)
szkockim (instrumental neuter singular)
szkockimi (instrumental plural)
szkockimi (instrumental plural virile)
szkockim (locative masculine singular)
szkockiej (feminine locative singular)
szkockim (locative neuter singular)
szkockich (locative plural)
szkockich (locative plural virile)


walijski

walijski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

walijski (masculine nominative singular)
walijska (feminine nominative singular)
walijskie (neuter nominative singular)
walijscy (nominative plural virile)
walijskie (nominative plural)
walijskiego (genitive masculine singular)
walijskiej (feminine genitive singular)
walijskiego (genitive neuter singular)
walijskich (genitive plural)
walijskich (genitive plural virile)
walijskiemu (dative masculine singular)
walijsku (archaic dative masculine singular)
walijskiej (dative feminine singular)
walijskiemu (dative neuter singular)
walijsku (archaic dative neuter singular)
walijskim (dative plural)
walijskim (dative plural virile)
walijskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
walijski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
walijską (accusative feminine singular)
walijskie (accusative neuter singular)
walijskich (accusative plural virile)
walijskie (accusative plural)
walijskim (instrumental masculine singular)
walijską (feminine instrumental singular)
walijskim (instrumental neuter singular)
walijskimi (instrumental plural)
walijskimi (instrumental plural virile)
walijskim (locative masculine singular)
walijskiej (feminine locative singular)
walijskim (locative neuter singular)
walijskich (locative plural)
walijskich (locative plural virile)


Wisła

pl-prop

Wisła f (diminutive Wisełka, related adjective wiślany or wiślny)

Wisełka (diminutive)
wiślany (adjective)
wiślny (adjective)
Wisła (nominative singular)
Wisły (genitive singular)
Wiśle (dative singular)
Wisłę (accusative singular)
Wisłą (instrumental singular)
Wiśle (locative singular)
Wisło (singular vocative)

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Wisła (a town in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, near the source of the Vistula)


Niemen

Niemen (nominative singular)
Niemna (genitive singular)
Niemnowi (dative singular)
Niemen (accusative singular)
Niemnem (instrumental singular)
Niemnie (locative singular)
Niemnie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Не́ман (Néman), from Lithuanian Nemunas, of uncertain origin, possibly from an Old Lithuanian word meaning "damp, wet".

Neman (a river in Belarus, Lithuania and Russia)


Bruksela

Bruksela (nominative singular)
Brukseli (genitive singular)
Brukseli (dative singular)
Brukselę (accusative singular)
Brukselą (instrumental singular)
Brukseli (locative singular)
Brukselo (singular vocative)


Akwizgran

Akwizgran (nominative singular)
Akwizgranu (genitive singular)
Akwizgranowi (dative singular)
Akwizgran (accusative singular)
Akwizgranem (instrumental singular)
Akwizgranie (locative singular)
Akwizgranie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Aquisgranum.

lbor

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


półwysep

półwysep (nominative singular)
półwyspy (nominative plural)
półwyspu (genitive singular)
półwyspów (genitive plural)
półwyspowi (dative singular)
półwyspom (dative plural)
półwysep (accusative singular)
półwyspy (accusative plural)
półwyspem (instrumental singular)
półwyspami (instrumental plural)
półwyspie (locative singular)
półwyspach (locative plural)
półwyspie (singular vocative)
półwyspy (plural vocative)

From pół- (“half”) + Old Polish wysep (“island”).


Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej

Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej (nominative singular)
Wybrzeża Kości Słoniowej (genitive singular)
Wybrzeżu Kości Słoniowej (dative singular)
Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej (accusative singular)
Wybrzeżem Kości Słoniowej (instrumental singular)
Wybrzeżu Kości Słoniowej (locative singular)
Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej (singular vocative)

/vɘˈbʐɛ.ʐɛ ˈkɔɕ.t͡ɕi swɔˈɲɔ.vɛj/

Mieszkam w Wybrzeżu Kości Słoniowej.

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Bukareszt

pl-prop

Bukareszt m inan (related adjective bukareszteński)

bukareszteński (adjective)
Bukareszt (nominative singular)
Bukaresztu (genitive singular)
Bukaresztowi (dative singular)
Bukareszt (accusative singular)
Bukaresztem (instrumental singular)
Bukareszcie (locative singular)
Bukareszcie (singular vocative)

Bucharest (the capital and largest city of Romania)


Ateny

Ateny (nominative plural)
Aten (genitive plural)
Atenom (dative plural)
Ateny (accusative plural)
Atenami (instrumental plural)
Atenach (locative plural)
Ateny (plural vocative)


Madryt

Madryt (nominative singular)
Madrytu (genitive singular)
Madrytowi (dative singular)
Madryt (accusative singular)
Madrytem (instrumental singular)
Madrycie (locative singular)
Madrycie (singular vocative)

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


Zagrzeb

Zagrzeb m inan (related adjective zagrzebski)

zagrzebski (adjective)
Zagrzeb (nominative singular)
Zagrzebia (genitive singular)
Zagrzebiowi (dative singular)
Zagrzeb (accusative singular)
Zagrzebiem (instrumental singular)
Zagrzebiu (locative singular)
Zagrzebiu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian За́греб /Zágreb.

bor+

За́греб//Zágreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Wilno

Wilno (nominative singular)
Wilna (genitive singular)
Wilnu (dative singular)
Wilno (accusative singular)
Wilnem (instrumental singular)
Wilnie (locative singular)
Wilno (singular vocative)


Filipiny

Filipiny (nominative plural)
Filipin (genitive plural)
Filipinom (dative plural)
Filipiny (accusative plural)
Filipinami (instrumental plural)
Filipinach (locative plural)
Filipiny (plural vocative)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Serbia i Czarnogóra

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(historical) Serbia and Montenegro (a former country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans (2003–2006), now split into the countries of Serbia and Montenegro)


Zjednoczone Królestwo

Zjednoczone Królestwo (nominative singular)
Zjednoczonego Królestwa (genitive singular)
Zjednoczonemu Królestwu (dative singular)
Zjednoczone Królestwo (accusative singular)
Zjednoczonym Królestwem (instrumental singular)
Zjednoczonym Królestwie (locative singular)
Zjednoczone Królestwo (singular vocative)

Literally, “United Kingdom”. Calque of English United Kingdom.

United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Malediwy

pl-prop

Malediwy nvir pl (related adjective malediwski)

malediwski (adjective)
Malediwy (nominative plural)
Malediwów (genitive plural)
Malediwom (dative plural)
Malediwy (accusative plural)
Malediwami (instrumental plural)
Malediwach (locative plural)
Malediwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Maldives.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia)


Brazylia

Brazylia f (related adjective brazylijski)

brazylijski (adjective)
Brazylia (nominative singular)
Brazylii (genitive singular)
Brazylii (dative singular)
Brazylię (accusative singular)
Brazylią (instrumental singular)
Brazylii (locative singular)
Brazylio (singular vocative)

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Paragwaj

Paragwaj m inan (related adjective paragwajski)

paragwajski (adjective)
Paragwaj (nominative singular)
Paragwaju (genitive singular)
Paragwajowi (dative singular)
Paragwaj (accusative singular)
Paragwajem (instrumental singular)
Paragwaju (locative singular)
Paragwaju (singular vocative)


Bośnia i Hercegowina

pl-proper noun

Bośnia i Hercegowina f (related adjective hercegbośniacki)

hercegbośniacki (adjective)
Bośnia i Hercegowina (nominative singular)
Bośni i Hercegowiny (genitive singular)
Bośni i Hercegowinie (dative singular)
Bośnię i Hercegowinę (accusative singular)
Bośnią i Hercegowiną (instrumental singular)
Bośni i Hercegowinie (locative singular)
Bośnio i Hercegowino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Bosna i Hercegovina.

bor+

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Walia

Walia (nominative singular)
Walii (genitive singular)
Walii (dative singular)
Walię (accusative singular)
Walią (instrumental singular)
Walii (locative singular)
Walio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Wales, from Middle English Wales, from Old English Wēalas, plural of wealh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Doublet of wałach, Wałach, Włoch, Włochy, and Wołoch.

dbt

Wales (a country in northwestern Europe, a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Seszele

pl-proper noun

Seszele nvir pl (related adjective seszelski)

seszelski (adjective)
Seszele (nominative plural)
Seszeli (genitive plural)
Seszelów (genitive plural)
Seszelom (dative plural)
Seszele (accusative plural)
Seszelami (instrumental plural)
Seszelach (locative plural)
Seszele (plural vocative)

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Wyspy Cooka

Wyspy Cooka (nominative plural)
Wysp Cooka (genitive plural)
Wyspom Cooka (dative plural)
Wyspy Cooka (accusative plural)
Wyspami Cooka (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Cooka (locative plural)
Wyspy Cooka (plural vocative)

Cook Islands
Cook Islands#English:_Q26988

Cook Islands (An archipelago and self-governing country in Oceania, in free association with New Zealand)


Mikronezja

pl-prop

Mikronezja f (related adjective mikronezyjski)

mikronezyjski (adjective)
Mikronezja (nominative singular)
Mikronezji (genitive singular)
Mikronezji (dative singular)
Mikronezję (accusative singular)
Mikronezją (instrumental singular)
Mikronezji (locative singular)
Mikronezjo (singular vocative)

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


gardło

pl-noun

gardło n (diminutive gardełko or gardziołko)

gardełko (diminutive)
gardziołko (diminutive)
gardło (nominative singular)
gardła (nominative plural)
gardła (genitive singular)
gardeł (genitive plural)
gardłu (dative singular)
gardłom (dative plural)
gardło (accusative singular)
gardła (accusative plural)
gardłem (instrumental singular)
gardłami (instrumental plural)
gardle (locative singular)
gardłach (locative plural)
gardło (singular vocative)
gardła (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъrdlo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gurˀdla-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₃-dʰlom, from *gʷerh₃-. Baltic cognates are Lithuanian gurklỹs (“crop”), gùrklis (“crop”) and Old Prussian gurcle.

corridor, gorge, neck (narrow, tight passage, e.g. between rocks or buildings)


londyński

pl-adj

londyński (not comparable, no derived adverb)

londyński (masculine nominative singular)
londyńska (feminine nominative singular)
londyńskie (neuter nominative singular)
londyńscy (nominative plural virile)
londyńskie (nominative plural)
londyńskiego (genitive masculine singular)
londyńskiej (feminine genitive singular)
londyńskiego (genitive neuter singular)
londyńskich (genitive plural)
londyńskich (genitive plural virile)
londyńskiemu (dative masculine singular)
londyńskiej (dative feminine singular)
londyńskiemu (dative neuter singular)
londyńskim (dative plural)
londyńskim (dative plural virile)
londyńskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
londyński (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
londyńską (accusative feminine singular)
londyńskie (accusative neuter singular)
londyńskich (accusative plural virile)
londyńskie (accusative plural)
londyńskim (instrumental masculine singular)
londyńską (feminine instrumental singular)
londyńskim (instrumental neuter singular)
londyńskimi (instrumental plural)
londyńskimi (instrumental plural virile)
londyńskim (locative masculine singular)
londyńskiej (feminine locative singular)
londyńskim (locative neuter singular)
londyńskich (locative plural)
londyńskich (locative plural virile)

(relational) London; Londonese (of, from or pertaining to London in the United Kingdom)


Kolonia

koloński (adjective)
Kolonia (nominative singular)
Kolonii (genitive singular)
Kolonii (dative singular)
Kolonię (accusative singular)
Kolonią (instrumental singular)
Kolonii (locative singular)
Kolonio (singular vocative)

Cologne (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Nowy Jork

Nowy Jork (nominative singular)
Nowego Jorku (genitive singular)
Nowemu Jorkowi (dative singular)
Nowy Jork (accusative singular)
Nowym Jorkiem (instrumental singular)
Nowym Jorku (locative singular)
Nowy Jorku (singular vocative)

New York City (a city in the United States)


lodowiec

lodowczyk (diminutive)
lodowiec (nominative singular)
lodowce (nominative plural)
lodowca (genitive singular)
lodowców (genitive plural)
lodowcowi (dative singular)
lodowcom (dative plural)
lodowiec (accusative singular)
lodowce (accusative plural)
lodowcem (instrumental singular)
lodowcami (instrumental plural)
lodowcu (locative singular)
lodowcach (locative plural)
lodowcu (singular vocative)
lodowce (plural vocative)

(geology) glacier (large body of ice which flows under its own mass, usually downhill)


Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie

pl-prop

Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie nvir pl (abbreviation ZEA)

ZEA (abbreviation)
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie (nominative plural)
Zjednoczonych Emiratów Arabskich (genitive plural)
Zjednoczonym Emiratom Arabskim (dative plural)
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie (accusative plural)
Zjednoczonymi Emiratami Arabskimi (instrumental plural)
Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich (locative plural)
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie (plural vocative)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Republika Południowej Afryki

Republika Południowej Afryki (nominative singular)
Republiki Południowej Afryki (genitive singular)
Republice Południowej Afryki (dative singular)
Republikę Południowej Afryki (accusative singular)
Republiką Południowej Afryki (instrumental singular)
Republice Południowej Afryki (locative singular)
Republiko Południowej Afryki (singular vocative)

Republic of South Africa
Republic of South Africa#English

Republic of South Africa, South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Wyspy Brytyjskie

Wyspy Brytyjskie (nominative plural)
Wysp Brytyjskich (genitive plural)
Wyspom Brytyjskim (dative plural)
Wyspy Brytyjskie (accusative plural)
Wyspami Brytyjskimi (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Brytyjskich (locative plural)
Wyspy Brytyjskie (plural vocative)

British Isles
British Isles#English:_Q38272

British Isles (an archipelago in Northern Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands and many smaller islands)


kolonia

pl-noun

kolonia f (diminutive kolonijka, related adjective kolonijny)

kolonijka (diminutive)
kolonijny (adjective)
kolonia (nominative singular)
kolonie (nominative plural)
kolonii (genitive singular)
kolonii (genitive plural)
kolonij (archaic genitive plural)
kolonii (dative singular)
koloniom (dative plural)
kolonię (accusative singular)
kolonie (accusative plural)
kolonią (instrumental singular)
koloniami (instrumental plural)
kolonii (locative singular)
koloniach (locative plural)
kolonio (singular vocative)
kolonie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English colony, French colonie, German Kolonie, ultimately from Latin colōnia.

penal colony (place of forced stay, isolated from society)


Kair

Kair (nominative singular)
Kairu (genitive singular)
Kairowi (dative singular)
Kair (accusative singular)
Kairem (instrumental singular)
Kairze (locative singular)
Kairze (singular vocative)


Mińsk

Mińsk (nominative singular)
Mińska (genitive singular)
Mińskowi (dative singular)
Mińsk (accusative singular)
Mińskiem (instrumental singular)
Mińsku (locative singular)
Mińsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Мінск (Minsk), from Old East Slavic Мѣньскъ (Měnĭskŭ).


Nowa Zelandia

pl-proper noun

Nowa Zelandia f (related adjective nowozelandzki)

nowozelandzki (adjective)
Nowa Zelandia (nominative singular)
Nowej Zelandii (genitive singular)
Nowej Zelandii (dative singular)
Nową Zelandię (accusative singular)
Nową Zelandią (instrumental singular)
Nowej Zelandii (locative singular)
Nowa Zelandio (singular vocative)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Wielkanoc

Wielkanoc (nominative singular)
Wielkanocy (genitive singular)
Wielkanocy (dative singular)
Wielkanoc (accusative singular)
Wielkanocą (instrumental singular)
Wielkanocy (locative singular)
Wielkanocy (singular vocative)

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Wielkanoc (a village in the Gmina of Gołcza, Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Indonezja

Indonezja (nominative singular)
Indonezji (genitive singular)
Indonezji (dative singular)
Indonezję (accusative singular)
Indonezją (instrumental singular)
Indonezji (locative singular)
Indonezjo (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indian”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


pustynia

pustynia (nominative singular)
pustynie (nominative plural)
pustyni (genitive singular)
pustyń (genitive plural)
pustyni (dative singular)
pustyniom (dative plural)
pustynię (accusative singular)
pustynie (accusative plural)
pustynią (instrumental singular)
pustyniami (instrumental plural)
pustyni (locative singular)
pustyniach (locative plural)
pustynio (singular vocative)
pustynie (plural vocative)

jak pył pustyni w zwiewną piramidę

like the dust of a desert into a volatile pyramid


Naddniestrze

Naddniestrze (nominative singular)
Naddniestrza (genitive singular)
Naddniestrzu (dative singular)
Naddniestrze (accusative singular)
Naddniestrzem (instrumental singular)
Naddniestrzu (locative singular)
Naddniestrze (singular vocative)

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


kolumna

kolumienka (diminutive)
kolumna (nominative singular)
kolumny (nominative plural)
kolumny (genitive singular)
kolumn (genitive plural)
kolumnie (dative singular)
kolumnom (dative plural)
kolumnę (accusative singular)
kolumny (accusative plural)
kolumną (instrumental singular)
kolumnami (instrumental plural)
kolumnie (locative singular)
kolumnach (locative plural)
kolumno (singular vocative)
kolumny (plural vocative)

(sculpture) column (monument in the shape of a pillar, with a statue on it)

column (body of troops or vehicles, usually strung out along a road)

(media, typography) newspaper column (body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page)


Sumy

sumski (adjective)
Sumy (nominative plural)
Sum (genitive plural)
Sumom (dative plural)
Sumy (accusative plural)
Sumami (instrumental plural)
Sumach (locative plural)
Sumy (plural vocative)


Perm

Perm (nominative singular)
Permu (genitive singular)
Permowi (dative singular)
Perm (accusative singular)
Permem (instrumental singular)
Permie (locative singular)
Permie (singular vocative)

Perm (a historical region of northeastern Russia)

Perm (a city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia)


kaldera

kalderowy (adjective)
kaldera (nominative singular)
kaldery (nominative plural)
kaldery (genitive singular)
kalder (genitive plural)
kalderze (dative singular)
kalderom (dative plural)
kalderę (accusative singular)
kaldery (accusative plural)
kalderą (instrumental singular)
kalderami (instrumental plural)
kalderze (locative singular)
kalderach (locative plural)
kaldero (singular vocative)
kaldery (plural vocative)

(volcanology) caldera (large crater formed by a volcanic explosion)


Netta

Netta (nominative singular)
Netty (genitive singular)
Netcie (dative singular)
Nettę (accusative singular)
Nettą (instrumental singular)
Netcie (locative singular)
Netto (singular vocative)

Netta (a right tributary of the Biebrza in Poland)


azyl

azyl (nominative singular)
azyle (nominative plural)
azylu (genitive singular)
azyli (genitive plural)
azylowi (dative singular)
azylom (dative plural)
azyl (accusative singular)
azyle (accusative plural)
azylem (instrumental singular)
azylami (instrumental plural)
azylu (locative singular)
azylach (locative plural)
azylu (singular vocative)
azyle (plural vocative)

(politics, law) right of asylum, asylum, refuge, sanctuary (protection offered to a refugee)

(literary) asylum, refuge, sanctuary (safe place)


chodnik

pl-noun

chodnik m inan (diminutive chodniczek, related adjective chodnikowy)

chodniczek (diminutive)
chodnikowy (adjective)
chodnik (nominative singular)
chodniki (nominative plural)
chodnika (genitive singular)
chodników (genitive plural)
chodnikowi (dative singular)
chodnikom (dative plural)
chodnik (accusative singular)
chodniki (accusative plural)
chodnikiem (instrumental singular)
chodnikami (instrumental plural)
chodniku (locative singular)
chodnikach (locative plural)
chodniku (singular vocative)
chodniki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish chodnik. By surface analysis, chód + -nik.


Grozny

Grozny (nominative singular)
Groznego (genitive singular)
Groznemu (dative singular)
Grozny (accusative singular)
Groznym (instrumental singular)
Groznym (locative singular)
Grozny (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Гро́зный (Gróznyj), with the suffix assimilated to -ny.

bor+

Grozny (the regional capital and largest city in Chechnya, Russia)


Ufa

ufijski (adjective)
Ufa (nominative singular)
Ufy (genitive singular)
Ufie (dative singular)
Ufę (accusative singular)
Ufą (instrumental singular)
Ufie (locative singular)
Ufo (singular vocative)

Ufa (the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan, Russia)

Ufa (a tributary of Belaya river, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)


Abakan

Abakan (nominative singular)
Abakanu (genitive singular)
Abakanowi (dative singular)
Abakan (accusative singular)
Abakanem (instrumental singular)
Abakanie (locative singular)
Abakanie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Абака́н (Abakán).


garaż

garaż (nominative singular)
garaże (nominative plural)
garażu (genitive singular)
garaży (genitive plural)
garażowi (dative singular)
garażom (dative plural)
garaż (accusative singular)
garaże (accusative plural)
garażem (instrumental singular)
garażami (instrumental plural)
garażu (locative singular)
garażach (locative plural)
garażu (singular vocative)
garaże (plural vocative)

(automotive) garage (place to store a car)


Nowak

Nowak (nominative singular)
Nowaka (genitive singular)
Nowakowi (dative singular)
Nowak (accusative singular)
Nowakiem (instrumental singular)
Nowaku (locative singular)
Nowaku (singular vocative)

Králický Sněžník Mountains
Králický Sněžník Mountains#English

Nowak (a mountain in the Králický Sněžník Mountains and Sudetes, Poland)


Algieria

pl-proper noun

Algieria f (related adjective algierski)

algierski (adjective)
Algieria (nominative singular)
Algierii (genitive singular)
Algierii (dative singular)
Algierię (accusative singular)
Algierią (instrumental singular)
Algierii (locative singular)
Algierio (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”).

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Antigua i Barbuda

pl-prop

Antigua i Barbuda f (related adjective antiguańsko-barbudzki)

antiguańsko-barbudzki (adjective)
Antigua i Barbuda (nominative singular)
Antigui i Barbudy (genitive singular)
Antigui i Barbudzie (dative singular)
Antiguę i Barbudę (accusative singular)
Antiguą i Barbudą (instrumental singular)
Antigui i Barbudzie (locative singular)
Antiguo i Barbudo (singular vocative)

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Arabia Saudyjska

Arabia Saudyjska (nominative singular)
Arabie Saudyjskie (nominative plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (genitive singular)
Arabii (genitive plural)
Arabij  Saudyjskich (archaic genitive plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (dative singular)
Arabiom Saudyjskim (dative plural)
Arabię Saudyjską (accusative singular)
Arabie Saudyjskie (accusative plural)
Arabią Saudyjską (instrumental singular)
Arabiami Saudyjskimi (instrumental plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (locative singular)
Arabiach Saudyjskich (locative plural)
Arabio Saudyjska (singular vocative)
Arabie Saudyjskie (plural vocative)

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Azerbejdżan

Azerbejdżan m inan (related adjective azerbejdżański or azerski)

azerbejdżański (adjective)
azerski (adjective)
Azerbejdżan (nominative singular)
Azerbejdżanu (genitive singular)
Azerbejdżanowi (dative singular)
Azerbejdżan (accusative singular)
Azerbejdżanem (instrumental singular)
Azerbejdżanie (locative singular)
Azerbejdżanie (singular vocative)

Derived from Persian آذربایجان (âzarbâyjân). See English Azerbaijan for more.

der+

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Damaszek

pl-prop

Damaszek m inan (related adjective damasceński)

damasceński (adjective)
Damaszek (nominative singular)
Damaszku (genitive singular)
Damaszkowi (dative singular)
Damaszek (accusative singular)
Damaszkiem (instrumental singular)
Damaszku (locative singular)
Damaszku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Dāmascus. Doublet of adamaszek and Damascena.

Damascus (the capital and largest city of Syria)


Birma

Birma (nominative singular)
Birmy (nominative plural)
Birmy (genitive singular)
Birm (genitive plural)
Birmie (dative singular)
Birmom (dative plural)
Birmę (accusative singular)
Birmy (accusative plural)
Birmą (instrumental singular)
Birmami (instrumental plural)
Birmie (locative singular)
Birmach (locative plural)
Birmo (singular vocative)
Birmy (plural vocative)


Boliwia

Boliwia f (related adjective boliwijski)

boliwijski (adjective)
Boliwia (nominative singular)
Boliwii (genitive singular)
Boliwii (dative singular)
Boliwię (accusative singular)
Boliwią (instrumental singular)
Boliwii (locative singular)
Boliwio (singular vocative)


Cypr

Cypr (nominative singular)
Cypru (genitive singular)
Cyprowi (dative singular)
Cypr (accusative singular)
Cyprem (instrumental singular)
Cyprze (locative singular)
Cyprze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros). Doublet of szypr.

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Czarnogóra

Czarnogóra f (related adjective czarnogórski)

czarnogórski (adjective)
Czarnogóra (nominative singular)
Czarnogóry (genitive singular)
Czarnogórze (dative singular)
Czarnogórę (accusative singular)
Czarnogórą (instrumental singular)
Czarnogórze (locative singular)
Czarnogóro (singular vocative)

From czarny + -o- + góra. Calque of Serbo-Croatian Crna Gora.

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Demokratyczna Republika Konga

Demokratyczna Republika Konga (nominative singular)
Demokratyczne Republiki Konga (nominative plural)
Demokratycznej Republiki Konga (genitive singular)
Demokratycznych Republik Konga (genitive plural)
Demokratycznej Republice Konga (dative singular)
Demokratycznym Republikom Konga (dative plural)
Demokratyczną Republikę Konga (accusative singular)
Demokratyczne Republiki Konga (accusative plural)
Demokratyczną Republiką Konga (instrumental singular)
Demokratycznymi Republikami Konga (instrumental plural)
Demokratycznej Republice Konga (locative singular)
Demokratycznych Republikach Konga (locative plural)
Demokratyczna Republiko Konga (singular vocative)
Demokratyczne Republiki Konga (plural vocative)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Dominikana

pl-proper noun

Dominikana f (related adjective dominikański)

dominikański (adjective)
Dominikana (nominative singular)
Dominikany (genitive singular)
Dominikanie (dative singular)
Dominikanę (accusative singular)
Dominikaną (instrumental singular)
Dominikanie (locative singular)
Dominikano (singular vocative)

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Ekwador

pl-prop

Ekwador m inan (related adjective ekwadorski)

ekwadorski (adjective)
Ekwador (nominative singular)
Ekwadoru (genitive singular)
Ekwadorowi (dative singular)
Ekwador (accusative singular)
Ekwadorem (instrumental singular)
Ekwadorze (locative singular)
Ekwadorze (singular vocative)


Amur

Amur (nominative singular)
Amuru (genitive singular)
Amurowi (dative singular)
Amur (accusative singular)
Amurem (instrumental singular)
Amurze (locative singular)
Amurze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Аму́р (Amúr), of unknown origin.

Amur (long river forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China)


Fidżi

pl-proper noun

Fidżi n (indeclinable, related adjective fidżyjski)

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Gruzja

Gruzja (nominative singular)
Gruzje (nominative plural)
Gruzji (genitive singular)
Gruzji (genitive plural)
Gruzyj (archaic genitive plural)
Gruzji (dative singular)
Gruzjom (dative plural)
Gruzję (accusative singular)
Gruzje (accusative plural)
Gruzją (instrumental singular)
Gruzjami (instrumental plural)
Gruzji (locative singular)
Gruzjach (locative plural)
Gruzjo (singular vocative)
Gruzje (plural vocative)

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Gwatemala

Gwatemala f (related adjective gwatemalski)

gwatemalski (adjective)
Gwatemala (nominative singular)
Gwatemali (genitive singular)
Gwatemali (dative singular)
Gwatemalę (accusative singular)
Gwatemalą (instrumental singular)
Gwatemali (locative singular)
Gwatemalo (singular vocative)

Guatemala (a country in Central America)

Guatemala City (the capital of Guatemala)


Gwinea

gwinejski (adjective)
Gwinea (nominative singular)
Gwinei (genitive singular)
Gwinei (dative singular)
Gwineę (accusative singular)
Gwineą (instrumental singular)
Gwinei (locative singular)
Gwineo (singular vocative)


Gwinea Bissau

Gwinea Bissau (nominative singular)
Gwinei Bissau (genitive singular)
Gwinei Bissau (dative singular)
Gwineę Bissau (accusative singular)
Gwineą Bissau (instrumental singular)
Gwinei Bissau (locative singular)
Gwineo Bissau (singular vocative)

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Kambodża

Kambodża (nominative singular)
Kambodży (genitive singular)
Kambodży (dative singular)
Kambodżę (accusative singular)
Kambodżą (instrumental singular)
Kambodży (locative singular)
Kambodżo (singular vocative)


Sodoma

sodomski (adjective)
Sodoma (nominative singular)
Sodomy (genitive singular)
Sodomie (dative singular)
Sodomę (accusative singular)
Sodomą (instrumental singular)
Sodomie (locative singular)
Sodomo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Sodoma. Doublet of Sedom.

(biblical, Qur'an) Sodom (ancient Biblical city in Canaan, destroyed due to its sinfulness)


Korea Południowa

Korea Południowa (nominative singular)
Korei Południowej (genitive singular)
Korei Południowej (dative singular)
Koreę Południową (accusative singular)
Koreą Południową (instrumental singular)
Korei Południowej (locative singular)
Koreo Południowa (singular vocative)


Korea Północna

Korea Północna (nominative singular)
Korei Północnej (genitive singular)
Korei Północnej (dative singular)
Koreę Północną (accusative singular)
Koreą Północną (instrumental singular)
Korei Północnej (locative singular)
Koreo Północna (singular vocative)


Czechosłowacja

Czechosłowacja (nominative singular)
Czechosłowacji (genitive singular)
Czechosłowacji (dative singular)
Czechosłowację (accusative singular)
Czechosłowacją (instrumental singular)
Czechosłowacji (locative singular)
Czechosłowacjo (singular vocative)

(historical) Czechoslovakia (a former country in Central Europe (1918–1992), now split into the countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia)


Papua-Nowa Gwinea

Papua-Nowa Gwinea (nominative singular)
Papui-Nowej Gwinei (genitive singular)
Papui-Nowej Gwinei (dative singular)
Papuę-Nową Gwineę (accusative singular)
Papuą-Nową Gwineą (instrumental singular)
Papui-Nowej Gwinei (locative singular)
Papuo-Nowa Gwineo (singular vocative)

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Republika Zielonego Przylądka

Republika Zielonego Przylądka (nominative singular)
Republiki Zielonego Przylądka (genitive singular)
Republice Zielonego Przylądka (dative singular)
Republikę Zielonego Przylądka (accusative singular)
Republiką Zielonego Przylądka (instrumental singular)
Republice Zielonego Przylądka (locative singular)
Republiko Zielonego Przylądka (singular vocative)

Literally, “Republic of the Green Cape”.

Republic of Cape Verde
Republic of Cape Verde#English

Republic of Cape Verde, Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Saint Kitts i Nevis

Calque of English Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean)


Saint Vincent i Grenadyny

Saint Vincent i Grenadyny (nominative plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadyn (genitive plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadynom (dative plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadyny (accusative plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadynami (instrumental plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadynach (locative plural)
Saint Vincent i Grenadyny (plural vocative)

Calque of English Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

calque

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Suazi

pl-prop

Suazi n (indeclinable, related adjective suazyjski)

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


Tadżykistan

Tadżykistan (nominative singular)
Tadżykistanu (genitive singular)
Tadżykistanowi (dative singular)
Tadżykistan (accusative singular)
Tadżykistanem (instrumental singular)
Tadżykistanie (locative singular)
Tadżykistanie (singular vocative)


Trynidad i Tobago

pl-proper noun

Trynidad i Tobago m inan (related adjective trynidadzko-tobagijski)

trynidadzko-tobagijski (adjective)
Trynidad i Tobago (nominative singular)
Trynidadu i Tobago (genitive singular)
Trynidadowi i Tobago (dative singular)
Trynidad i Tobago (accusative singular)
Trynidadem i Tobago (instrumental singular)
Trynidadzie i Tobago (locative singular)
Trynidadzie i Tobago (singular vocative)

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Tunezja

Tunezja f (related adjective tunezyjski)

tunezyjski (adjective)
Tunezja (nominative singular)
Tunezji (genitive singular)
Tunezji (dative singular)
Tunezję (accusative singular)
Tunezją (instrumental singular)
Tunezji (locative singular)
Tunezjo (singular vocative)


Turcja

turecki (adjective)
Turcja (nominative singular)
Turcji (genitive singular)
Turcji (dative singular)
Turcję (accusative singular)
Turcją (instrumental singular)
Turcji (locative singular)
Turcjo (singular vocative)

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia)


Czeczenia

Czeczenia (nominative singular)
Czeczenii (genitive singular)
Czeczenii (dative singular)
Czeczenię (accusative singular)
Czeczenią (instrumental singular)
Czeczenii (locative singular)
Czeczenio (singular vocative)

/t͡ʂɛˈt͡ʂɛ.ɲa/

Borrowed from Russian Чечня́ (Čečnjá, “place of the Chechens”), from Kabardian.

bor+

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Urugwaj

pl-prop

Urugwaj m inan (related adjective urugwajski)

urugwajski (adjective)
Urugwaj (nominative singular)
Urugwaju (genitive singular)
Urugwajowi (dative singular)
Urugwaj (accusative singular)
Urugwajem (instrumental singular)
Urugwaju (locative singular)
Urugwaju (singular vocative)

Uruguay River (a major river in South America)


Watykan

Watykan (nominative singular)
Watykanu (genitive singular)
Watykanowi (dative singular)
Watykan (accusative singular)
Watykanem (instrumental singular)
Watykanie (locative singular)
Watykanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus, from vāticinārī.

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Wenezuela

Wenezuela f (related adjective wenezuelski)

wenezuelski (adjective)
Wenezuela (nominative singular)
Wenezueli (genitive singular)
Wenezueli (dative singular)
Wenezuelę (accusative singular)
Wenezuelą (instrumental singular)
Wenezueli (locative singular)
Wenezuelo (singular vocative)


Wyspy Marshalla

Wyspy Marshalla (nominative plural)
Wysp Marshalla (genitive plural)
Wyspom Marshalla (dative plural)
Wyspy Marshalla (accusative plural)
Wyspami Marshalla (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Marshalla (locative plural)
Wyspy Marshalla (plural vocative)

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Wyspy Salomona

Wyspy Salomona nvir pl (related adjective salomoński)

salomoński (adjective)
Wyspy Salomona (nominative plural)
Wysp Salomona (genitive plural)
Wyspom Salomona (dative plural)
Wyspy Salomona (accusative plural)
Wyspami Salomona (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Salomona (locative plural)
Wyspy Salomona (plural vocative)

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca

pl-proper noun

Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca nvir pl

Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca (nominative plural)
Wysp Świętego Tomasza i Książęcej (genitive plural)
Wyspom Świętego Tomasza i Książęcej (dative plural)
Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęcą (accusative plural)
Wyspami Świętego Tomasza i Książęcą (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Świętego Tomasza i Książęcej (locative plural)
Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca (plural vocative)

/ˈvɘ.spɘ ɕfjɛnˈtɛ.ɡɔ tɔˈma.ʂa i‿kɕɔw̃ˈʐɛn.t͡sa/

/ˈvɘ.spɘ ɕfjɛnˈtɛ.ɡɔ tɔˈma.ʂa i‿kɕɔnˈʐɛn.t͡sa/

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


Jugosławia

pl-prop

Jugosławia f (related adjective jugosłowiański)

jugosłowiański (adjective)
Jugosławia (nominative singular)
Jugosławii (genitive singular)
Jugosławii (dative singular)
Jugosławię (accusative singular)
Jugosławią (instrumental singular)
Jugosławii (locative singular)
Jugosławio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija.

bor+

(historical) Yugoslavia (a former country in Europe)


Austro-Węgry

Austro-Węgry (nominative plural)
Austro-Węgier (genitive plural)
Austro-Węgrom (dative plural)
Austro-Węgry (accusative plural)
Austro-Węgrami (instrumental plural)
Austro-Węgrzech (locative plural)
Austro-Węgry (plural vocative)

(historical) Austria-Hungary (a former empire in Europe)


Persja

Persja (nominative singular)
Persji (genitive singular)
Persji (dative singular)
Persję (accusative singular)
Persją (instrumental singular)
Persji (locative singular)
Persjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /pārsa/).

Persia (the former name of Iran, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


staw

pl-noun

staw m inan (diminutive stawek or stawik)

stawek (diminutive)
stawik (diminutive)
staw (nominative singular)
stawy (nominative plural)
stawu (genitive singular)
stawów (genitive plural)
stawowi (dative singular)
stawom (dative plural)
staw (accusative singular)
stawy (accusative plural)
stawem (instrumental singular)
stawami (instrumental plural)
stawie (locative singular)
stawach (locative plural)
stawie (singular vocative)
stawy (plural vocative)


Bydgoszcz

pl-proper noun

Bydgoszcz f (related adjective bydgoski, demonym bydgoszczanin, female demonym bydgoszczanka)

bydgoski (adjective)
bydgoszczanin (demonym)
bydgoszczanka (demonym feminine)
Bydgoszcz (nominative singular)
Bydgoszczy (genitive singular)
Bydgoszczy (dative singular)
Bydgoszcz (accusative singular)
Bydgoszczą (instrumental singular)
Bydgoszczy (locative singular)
Bydgoszczy (singular vocative)

/ˈbɘd.ɡɔʂt͡ʂ/

Originally possessive adjective, from name *Byd(i)gostь + *-jь, a lengthened variant of Proto-Slavic *Bъdigostь, from the imperative form of *bъděti (“to be awake”) + *gostь (“guest”).

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Bydgoszcz (the capital city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Katowice

pl-prop

Katowice nvir pl (related adjective katowicki, demonym katowiczanin, female demonym katowiczanka)

katowicki (adjective)
katowiczanin (demonym)
katowiczanka (demonym feminine)
Katowice (nominative plural)
Katowic (genitive plural)
Katowicom (dative plural)
Katowice (accusative plural)
Katowicami (instrumental plural)
Katowicach (locative plural)
Katowice (plural vocative)

Uncertain. There are two theories. Most likely, it comes from the nickname kat (“executioner, hangman”), used to describe the first settler. The second theory is that it comes from the word kąt (“angle”).

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Katowice (the capital and largest city of the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Gdynia

Gdynia f (related adjective gdyński, demonym gdynianin, female demonym gdynianka)

gdyński (adjective)
gdynianin (demonym)
gdynianka (demonym feminine)
Gdynia (nominative singular)
Gdyni (genitive singular)
Gdyni (dative singular)
Gdynię (accusative singular)
Gdynią (instrumental singular)
Gdyni (locative singular)
Gdynio (singular vocative)

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Gdynia (a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Częstochowa

pl-proper noun

Częstochowa f (related adjective częstochowski, demonym częstochowianin, female demonym częstochowianka)

częstochowski (adjective)
częstochowianin (demonym)
częstochowianka (demonym feminine)
Częstochowa (nominative singular)
Częstochowy (genitive singular)
Częstochowie (dative singular)
Częstochowę (accusative singular)
Częstochową (instrumental singular)
Częstochowie (locative singular)
Częstochowo (singular vocative)

From the given name Częstoch m + -owa f (adjectival suffix).


Radom

Radom (nominative singular)
Radomia (genitive singular)
Radomiowi (dative singular)
Radom (accusative singular)
Radomiem (instrumental singular)
Radomiu (locative singular)
Radomiu (singular vocative)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Radom (a city in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Sosnowiec

Sosnowiec (nominative singular)
Sosnowce (nominative plural)
Sosnowca (genitive singular)
Sosnowców (genitive plural)
Sosnowcowi (dative singular)
Sosnowcom (dative plural)
Sosnowiec (accusative singular)
Sosnowce (accusative plural)
Sosnowcem (instrumental singular)
Sosnowcami (instrumental plural)
Sosnowcu (locative singular)
Sosnowcach (locative plural)
Sosnowcu (singular vocative)
Sosnowce (plural vocative)

Sosnowiec (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Toruń

pl-prop

Toruń m inan (related adjective toruński)

toruński (adjective)
Toruń (nominative singular)
Torunia (genitive singular)
Toruniowi (dative singular)
Toruń (accusative singular)
Toruniem (instrumental singular)
Toruniu (locative singular)
Toruniu (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)

→ Czech: Toruň

→ English: Toruń

→ Kashubian: Torń

→ Lithuanian: Torunė

→ Russian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)

→ Slovak: Toruň

→ Ukrainian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Thorun.

lbor

Toruń (the capital and largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Kielce

pl-prop

Kielce nvir pl (related adjective kielecki, demonym kielczanin, female demonym kielczanka)

kielecki (adjective)
kielczanin (demonym)
kielczanka (demonym feminine)
Kielce (nominative plural)
Kielc (genitive plural)
Kielcom (dative plural)
Kielce (accusative plural)
Kielcami (instrumental plural)
Kielcach (locative plural)
Kielce (plural vocative)

Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship#English

Kielce (the capital and largest city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland)


Gliwice

Gliwice nvir pl (related adjective gliwicki, demonym gliwiczanin, female demonym gliwiczanka)

gliwicki (adjective)
gliwiczanin (demonym)
gliwiczanka (demonym feminine)
Gliwice (nominative plural)
Gliwic (genitive plural)
Gliwicom (dative plural)
Gliwice (accusative plural)
Gliwicami (instrumental plural)
Gliwicach (locative plural)
Gliwice (plural vocative)

→ Czech: Hlivice

→ English: Gliwice

→ German: Gleiwitz

Gliwice (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Zabrze

Zabrze (nominative singular)
Zabrza (genitive singular)
Zabrzu (dative singular)
Zabrze (accusative singular)
Zabrzem (instrumental singular)
Zabrzu (locative singular)
Zabrze (singular vocative)

Zabrze (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Bytom

pl-proper noun

Bytom m inan (related adjective bytomski, demonym bytomianin, female demonym bytomianka)

bytomski (adjective)
bytomianin (demonym)
bytomianka (demonym feminine)
Bytom (nominative singular)
Bytomia (genitive singular)
Bytomiowi (dative singular)
Bytom (accusative singular)
Bytomiem (instrumental singular)
Bytomiu (locative singular)
Bytomiu (singular vocative)

Bytom (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Olsztyn

pl-prop

Olsztyn m inan (related adjective olsztyński)

olsztyński (adjective)
Olsztyn (nominative singular)
Olsztynu (genitive singular)
Olsztynowi (dative singular)
Olsztyn (accusative singular)
Olsztynem (instrumental singular)
Olsztynie (locative singular)
Olsztynie (singular vocative)

Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship#English

Olsztyn (the capital city of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland)


Bielsko-Biała

Bielsko-Biała n or f (related adjective bielski or bielsko-bialski)

bielski (adjective)
bielsko-bialski (adjective)
Bielsko-Biała (nominative singular)
Bielska-Białej (genitive singular)
Bielsku-Białej (dative singular)
Bielsko-Białą (accusative singular)
Bielskiem-Białą (instrumental singular)
Bielsku-Białej (locative singular)
Bielsko-Biała (singular vocative)

Bielsko-Biała (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Rzeszów

Rzeszów m inan (related adjective rzeszowski)

rzeszowski (adjective)
Rzeszów (nominative singular)
Rzeszowa (genitive singular)
Rzeszowowi (dative singular)
Rzeszów (accusative singular)
Rzeszowem (instrumental singular)
Rzeszowie (locative singular)
Rzeszowie (singular vocative)

desc

→ Belarusian: Жэ́шаў (Žéšaŭ), Рэ́шаў (Réšaŭ)

→ Crimean Tatar: Jeşuv

→ Czech: Řešov

→ English: Rzeszów

→ German: Reichshof, Resche

→ Latin: Resovia

→ Latvian: Žešova

→ Lithuanian: Žešova, Žešuvas

→ Russian: Же́шув (Žéšuv)

→ Silesian: Rzeszůw

→ Slovak: Rešov

→ Ukrainian: Ря́шів (Rjášiv), Же́шув (Žéšuv)

→ Yiddish: ריישע (reyshe)

From earlier *Rzaszów, from the personal name *Rzasz + -ów, from rzegotać. The change to Rzeszów (Rza > Rze) is irregular, resulting from a raising from palatal rz, historically pronounced /r̝/.

Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English

Rzeszów (the capital city of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland)


Zgierz

Zgierz (nominative singular)
Zgierza (genitive singular)
Zgierzowi (dative singular)
Zgierz (accusative singular)
Zgierzem (instrumental singular)
Zgierzu (locative singular)
Zgierzu (singular vocative)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Zgierz (a city in the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)


Ruda Śląska

Ruda Śląska (nominative singular)
Rudy Śląskiej (genitive singular)
Rudzie Śląskiej (dative singular)
Rudę Śląską (accusative singular)
Rudą Śląską (instrumental singular)
Rudzie Śląskiej (locative singular)
Rudo Śląska (singular vocative)


Rybnik

pl-prop

Rybnik m inan (related adjective rybnicki)

rybnicki (adjective)
Rybnik (nominative singular)
Rybnika (genitive singular)
Rybnikowi (dative singular)
Rybnik (accusative singular)
Rybnikiem (instrumental singular)
Rybniku (locative singular)
Rybniku (singular vocative)

Rybnik (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Tychy

Tychy (nominative plural)
Tychów (genitive plural)
Tych (genitive plural)
Tychom (dative plural)
Tychy (accusative plural)
Tychami (instrumental plural)
Tychach (locative plural)
Tychy (plural vocative)

Tychy (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Dąbrowa Górnicza

Dąbrowa Górnicza (nominative singular)
Dąbrowy Górniczej (genitive singular)
Dąbrowie Górniczej (dative singular)
Dąbrowę Górniczą (accusative singular)
Dąbrową Górniczą (instrumental singular)
Dąbrowie Górniczej (locative singular)
Dąbrowo Górnicza (singular vocative)

Dąbrowa Górnicza
Dąbrowa Górnicza#English

Dąbrowa Górnicza (a city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Płock

Płock (nominative singular)
Płocka (genitive singular)
Płockowi (dative singular)
Płock (accusative singular)
Płockiem (instrumental singular)
Płocku (locative singular)
Płocku (singular vocative)

Płock (a city in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Opole

opolski (adjective)
Opole (nominative singular)
Opola (genitive singular)
Opolu (dative singular)
Opole (accusative singular)
Opolem (instrumental singular)
Opolu (locative singular)
Opole (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: Апо́ле (Apólje)

→ Czech: Opolí

→ English: Opole

→ German: Oppeln

→ Lithuanian: Opolė

→ Russian: Опо́ле (Opóle)

→ Slovak: Opole

→ Ukrainian: Опо́ле (Opóle)

Inherited from Old Polish Opole, from opole.

Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship#English

Opole (the capital city of the Opole Voivodeship, Poland)


Elbląg

Elbląg m inan (related adjective elbląski, demonym elblążanin, female demonym elblążanka)

elbląski (adjective)
elblążanin (demonym)
elblążanka (demonym feminine)
Elbląg (nominative singular)
Elbląga (genitive singular)
Elblągowi (dative singular)
Elbląg (accusative singular)
Elblągiem (instrumental singular)
Elblągu (locative singular)
Elblągu (singular vocative)

Elbląg (a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland)

Elbląg (a river in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland)


Gorzów Wielkopolski

Gorzów Wielkopolski m inan (related adjective gorzowski, abbreviation Gorzów Wlkp.)

gorzowski (adjective)
Gorzów Wlkp. (abbreviation)
Gorzów Wielkopolski (nominative singular)
Gorzowa Wielkopolskiego (genitive singular)
Gorzowowi Wielkopolskiemu (dative singular)
Gorzów Wielkopolski (accusative singular)
Gorzowem Wielkopolskim (instrumental singular)
Gorzowie Wielkopolskim (locative singular)
Gorzowie Wielkopolski (singular vocative)

Literally, “Greater Poland Gorzów”. Renamed after World War II as a calque of German Landsberg an der Warthe by analogy to Gorzów Śląski, which had a well-established, historic German name of Landsberg in Oberschlesien.

cal

Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski#English

Lubusz Voivodeship
Lubusz Voivodeship#English

Gorzów Wielkopolski (the capital city of the Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland)


Wałbrzych

Wałbrzych (nominative singular)
Wałbrzycha (genitive singular)
Wałbrzychowi (dative singular)
Wałbrzych (accusative singular)
Wałbrzychem (instrumental singular)
Wałbrzychu (locative singular)
Wałbrzychu (singular vocative)

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship#English

Wałbrzych (a city in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)


Włocławek

Włocławek (nominative singular)
Włocławka (genitive singular)
Włocławkowi (dative singular)
Włocławek (accusative singular)
Włocławkiem (instrumental singular)
Włocławku (locative singular)
Włocławku (singular vocative)

Włocławek (a city in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)