jaguar

Internationalism; compare English jaguar, French jaguar, German Jaguar, ultimately from Portuguese jaguar, from Old Tupi îagûara.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


cola

cola (nominative singular)
cole (nominative plural)
coli (genitive singular)
col (genitive plural)
coli (genitive plural)
coli (dative singular)
colom (dative plural)
colę (accusative singular)
cole (accusative plural)
colą (instrumental singular)
colami (instrumental plural)
coli (locative singular)
colach (locative plural)
colo (singular vocative)
cole (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English cola, from a Niger-Congo language. Genericized trademark.

cola (any kind of soft drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel, and carbonated water)


golf

golf (nominative singular)
golfy (nominative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfów (genitive plural)
golfowi (dative singular)
golfom (dative plural)
golfa (accusative singular)
golfy (accusative plural)
golfem (instrumental singular)
golfami (instrumental plural)
golfie (locative singular)
golfach (locative plural)
golfie (singular vocative)
golfy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Volkswagen Golf, a genericized trademark.


kola

kola (nominative singular)
kole (nominative plural)
koli (genitive singular)
kol (genitive plural)
koli (genitive plural)
koli (dative singular)
kolom (dative plural)
kolę (accusative singular)
kole (accusative plural)
kolą (instrumental singular)
kolami (instrumental plural)
koli (locative singular)
kolach (locative plural)
kolo (singular vocative)
kole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English cola, from a Niger-Congo language. Sense 3 is a genericized trademark of Coca-Cola.


paragon

paragon (nominative singular)
paragony (nominative plural)
paragonu (genitive singular)
paragonów (genitive plural)
paragonowi (dative singular)
paragonom (dative plural)
paragon (accusative singular)
paragony (accusative plural)
paragonem (instrumental singular)
paragonami (instrumental plural)
paragonie (locative singular)
paragonach (locative plural)
paragonie (singular vocative)
paragony (plural vocative)

Genericized trademark of the German paper company Paragon, from Italian paragone, from Byzantine Greek παρακόνη (parakónē).

receipt (written acknowledgement that a specified article or sum of money has been received)


frisbee

Unadapted borrowing from English Frisbee. Genericized trademark.

ubor

Frisbee, disc, flying disc (disk-shaped gliding toy, sold under the brand name Frisbee)


toyota

toyota (nominative singular)
toyoty (nominative plural)
toyoty (genitive singular)
toyot (genitive plural)
toyocie (dative singular)
toyotom (dative plural)
toyotę (accusative singular)
toyoty (accusative plural)
toyotą (instrumental singular)
toyotami (instrumental plural)
toyocie (locative singular)
toyotach (locative plural)
toyoto (singular vocative)
toyoty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Japanese トヨタ (Toyota). Genericized trademark.


jacuzzi

Unadapted borrowing from American English jacuzzi. Genericized trademark. Doublet of Jakub.

jacuzzi (hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body)


jacuzzi

pl-adj

jacuzzi (not comparable, no derived adverb)


pepsi

Unadapted borrowing from English Pepsi. Genericized trademark.


teflon

pl-noun

teflon m inan (related adjective teflonowy)

teflonowy (adjective)
teflon (nominative singular)
teflonu (genitive singular)
teflonowi (dative singular)
teflon (accusative singular)
teflonem (instrumental singular)
teflonie (locative singular)
teflonie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Teflon. Genericized trademark.

(organic chemistry) teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE


adrenalina

adrenalina (nominative singular)
adrenaliny (genitive singular)
adrenalinie (dative singular)
adrenalinę (accusative singular)
adrenaliną (instrumental singular)
adrenalinie (locative singular)
adrenalino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French adrénaline, from English adrenalina, from Latin ad- + Latin rēnālis + -ina, coined by Japanese chemist Takamine Jōkichi in 1901. Genericized trademark. First attested in 1901.

coin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


duran

duran (nominative singular)
durany (nominative plural)
duranu (genitive singular)
duranów (genitive plural)
duranowi (dative singular)
duranom (dative plural)
duran (accusative singular)
durany (accusative plural)
duranem (instrumental singular)
duranami (instrumental plural)
duranie (locative singular)
duranach (locative plural)
duranie (singular vocative)
durany (plural vocative)

very resistant glass (usually borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass)


jeep

jeep (nominative singular)
jeepy (nominative plural)
jeepa (genitive singular)
jeepów (genitive plural)
jeepowi (dative singular)
jeepom (dative plural)
jeepa (accusative singular)
jeepy (accusative plural)
jeepem (instrumental singular)
jeepami (instrumental plural)
jeepie (locative singular)
jeepach (locative plural)
jeepie (singular vocative)
jeepy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English jeep. Genericized trademark.


rower

pl-noun

rower m inan (diminutive rowerek, related adjective rowerowy)

rowerek (diminutive)
rowerowy (adjective)
rower (nominative singular)
rowery (nominative plural)
roweru (genitive singular)
rowerów (genitive plural)
rowerowi (dative singular)
rowerom (dative plural)
rower (accusative singular)
rowery (accusative plural)
rowerem (instrumental singular)
rowerami (instrumental plural)
rowerze (locative singular)
rowerach (locative plural)
rowerze (singular vocative)
rowery (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: ро́вар (róvar)

→ Ukrainian: ро́вер (róver)

→ Yiddish: ראָווער (rover)

Genericized trademark of the British company Rover.

bicycle, bike (vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals)


pendolino

pendolino (nominative singular)
pendolina (nominative plural)
pendolina (genitive singular)
pendolin (genitive plural)
pendolinu (dative singular)
pendolinom (dative plural)
pendolino (accusative singular)
pendolina (accusative plural)
pendolinem (instrumental singular)
pendolinami (instrumental plural)
pendolinie (locative singular)
pendolinach (locative plural)
pendolino (singular vocative)
pendolina (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Pendolino, a genericized trademark.

Pendolino (any of a class of tilting trains based on the Italian ETR 401)


pampers

pampers (nominative singular)
pampersy (nominative plural)
pampersa (genitive singular)
pampersów (genitive plural)
pampersowi (dative singular)
pampersom (dative plural)
pampersa (accusative singular)
pampersy (accusative plural)
pampersem (instrumental singular)
pampersami (instrumental plural)
pampersie (locative singular)
pampersach (locative plural)
pampersie (singular vocative)
pampersy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Pampers. Genericized trademark.

(informal) diaper (absorbent garment worn by a baby, or by someone who is incontinent)


passat

passat (nominative singular)
passaty (nominative plural)
passata (genitive singular)
passatów (genitive plural)
passatowi (dative singular)
passatom (dative plural)
passata (accusative singular)
passaty (accusative plural)
passatem (instrumental singular)
passatami (instrumental plural)
passacie (locative singular)
passatach (locative plural)
passacie (singular vocative)
passaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Passat, from Low German, from Dutch passaat. Genericized trademark. Doublet of pasat.


dyktafon

dyktafon (nominative singular)
dyktafony (nominative plural)
dyktafonu (genitive singular)
dyktafonów (genitive plural)
dyktafonowi (dative singular)
dyktafonom (dative plural)
dyktafon (accusative singular)
dyktafony (accusative plural)
dyktafonem (instrumental singular)
dyktafonami (instrumental plural)
dyktafonie (locative singular)
dyktafonach (locative plural)
dyktafonie (singular vocative)
dyktafony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English dictaphone. Genericized trademark. By surface analysis, dyktować + -fon.


CPN

CPN (nominative singular)
CPN-u (genitive singular)
CPN-owi (dative singular)
CPN (accusative singular)
CPN-em (instrumental singular)
CPN-ie (locative singular)
CPN-ie (singular vocative)

Acronym of Centrala Produktów Naftowych.

Centrala Produktów Naftowych
w:Centrala Produktów Naftowych


skaj

skaj (nominative singular)
skaje (nominative plural)
skaju (genitive singular)
skajów (genitive plural)
skai (genitive plural)
skajowi (dative singular)
skajom (dative plural)
skaj (accusative singular)
skaje (accusative plural)
skajem (instrumental singular)
skajami (instrumental plural)
skaju (locative singular)
skajach (locative plural)
skaju (singular vocative)
skaje (plural vocative)

leatherette (type of fabric, often plastic, made to imitate the appearance of leather)


chleb baltonowski

chleb baltonowski (nominative singular)
chleby baltonowskie (nominative plural)
chleba baltonowskiego (genitive singular)
chlebów baltonowskich (genitive plural)
chlebowi baltonowskiemu (dative singular)
chlebom baltonowskim (dative plural)
chleb baltonowski (accusative singular)
chleby baltonowskie (accusative plural)
chlebem baltonowskim (instrumental singular)
chlebami baltonowskimi (instrumental plural)
chlebie baltonowskim (locative singular)
chlebach baltonowskich (locative plural)
chlebie baltonowski (singular vocative)
chleby baltonowskie (plural vocative)

Literally, “Baltona bread”. The adjective baltonowski is a genericized trademark of the communist-era company Baltona, which supplied Polish ships, planes, diplomatic posts, etc., with this type of bread.

white sourdough bread made from a mix of 60% wheat and 40% rye flour, the most popular type of bread in Poland


coca-cola

coca-cola (nominative singular)
coca-cole (nominative plural)
coca-coli (genitive singular)
coca-col (genitive plural)
coca-coli (genitive plural)
coca-coli (dative singular)
coca-colom (dative plural)
coca-colę (accusative singular)
coca-cole (accusative plural)
coca-colą (instrumental singular)
coca-colami (instrumental plural)
coca-coli (locative singular)
coca-colach (locative plural)
coca-colo (singular vocative)
coca-cole (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Coca-Cola. Genericized trademark.


pendrive

pendrive (nominative singular)
pendrive'y (nominative plural)
pendrive'a (genitive singular)
pendrive'ów (genitive plural)
pendrive'owi (dative singular)
pendrive'om (dative plural)
pendrive (accusative singular)
pendrive'y (accusative plural)
pendrive'em (instrumental singular)
pendrive'ami (instrumental plural)
pendrivie (locative singular)
pendrive'ach (locative plural)
pendrivie (singular vocative)
pendrive'y (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pen drive, a genericized trademark.

(computer hardware) pen drive, flash drive


duralex

pl-noun

duralex m inan (related adjective duralexowy)

duralexowy (adjective)
duralex (nominative singular)
duraleksy (nominative plural)
duraleksu (genitive singular)
duraleksów (genitive plural)
duraleksowi (dative singular)
duraleksom (dative plural)
duralex (accusative singular)
duraleksy (accusative plural)
duraleksem (instrumental singular)
duraleksami (instrumental plural)
duraleksie (locative singular)
duraleksach (locative plural)
duraleksie (singular vocative)
duraleksy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from French Duralex. Genericized trademark.


adidas

adidas (nominative singular)
adidasy (nominative plural)
adidasa (genitive singular)
adidasów (genitive plural)
adidasowi (dative singular)
adidasom (dative plural)
adidasa (accusative singular)
adidasy (accusative plural)
adidasem (instrumental singular)
adidasami (instrumental plural)
adidasie (locative singular)
adidasach (locative plural)
adidasie (singular vocative)
adidasy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Adidas. Genericized trademark. First attested in 1969.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

(informal) sneaker (leisure shoe, often worn for sports; trainer)


ambu

Genericized trademark of English ambu bag. First attested in 1993.

worek ambu

aparat ambu


elektroluks

elektroluks (nominative singular)
elektroluksy (nominative plural)
elektroluksu (genitive singular)
elektroluksa (genitive singular)
elektroluksów (genitive plural)
elektroluksowi (dative singular)
elektroluksom (dative plural)
elektroluks (accusative singular)
elektroluksy (accusative plural)
elektroluksem (instrumental singular)
elektroluksami (instrumental plural)
elektroluksie (locative singular)
elektroluksach (locative plural)
elektroluksie (singular vocative)
elektroluksy (plural vocative)

(colloquial, dated, regional) vacuum cleaner


dżip

dżip (nominative singular)
dżipy (nominative plural)
dżipa (genitive singular)
dżipów (genitive plural)
dżipowi (dative singular)
dżipom (dative plural)
dżipa (accusative singular)
dżipy (accusative plural)
dżipem (instrumental singular)
dżipami (instrumental plural)
dżipie (locative singular)
dżipach (locative plural)
dżipie (singular vocative)
dżipy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English jeep. Genericized trademark.


flamaster

flamaster (nominative singular)
flamastry (nominative plural)
flamastra (genitive singular)
flamastrów (genitive plural)
flamastrowi (dative singular)
flamastrom (dative plural)
flamaster (accusative singular)
flamastry (accusative plural)
flamastrem (instrumental singular)
flamastrami (instrumental plural)
flamastrze (locative singular)
flamastrach (locative plural)
flamastrze (singular vocative)
flamastry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian флома́стер (flomáster), a genericized trademark of Flo-Master.


paczkomat

paczkomat (nominative singular)
paczkomaty (nominative plural)
paczkomatu (genitive singular)
paczkomatów (genitive plural)
paczkomatowi (dative singular)
paczkomatom (dative plural)
paczkomat (accusative singular)
paczkomaty (accusative plural)
paczkomatem (instrumental singular)
paczkomatami (instrumental plural)
paczkomacie (locative singular)
paczkomatach (locative plural)
paczkomacie (singular vocative)
paczkomaty (plural vocative)

From paczka + -o- + -mat. Genericized trademark of Paczkomat, a brand of parcel lockers operated by InPost. The more general term is automat paczkowy.

parcel locker (machine used for receiving packages without the need to go to a post office)


aspiryna

aspiryna (nominative singular)
aspiryny (nominative plural)
aspiryny (genitive singular)
aspiryn (genitive plural)
aspirynie (dative singular)
aspirynom (dative plural)
aspirynę (accusative singular)
aspiryny (accusative plural)
aspiryną (instrumental singular)
aspirynami (instrumental plural)
aspirynie (locative singular)
aspirynach (locative plural)
aspiryno (singular vocative)
aspiryny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Aspirin. Genericized trademark.


karimata

karimata (nominative singular)
karimaty (nominative plural)
karimaty (genitive singular)
karimat (genitive plural)
karimacie (dative singular)
karimatom (dative plural)
karimatę (accusative singular)
karimaty (accusative plural)
karimatą (instrumental singular)
karimatami (instrumental plural)
karimacie (locative singular)
karimatach (locative plural)
karimato (singular vocative)
karimaty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Karrimat. Genericized trademark.

ground pad, sleeping pad, thermal pad, sleeping mat, roll mat


ewipan

ewipan (nominative singular)
ewipanu (genitive singular)
ewipanowi (dative singular)
ewipan (accusative singular)
ewipanem (instrumental singular)
ewipanie (locative singular)
ewipanie (singular vocative)


skay

skay (nominative singular)
skaye (nominative plural)
skayu (genitive singular)
skayów (genitive plural)
skayowi (dative singular)
skayom (dative plural)
skay (accusative singular)
skaye (accusative plural)
skayem (instrumental singular)
skayami (instrumental plural)
skayu (locative singular)
skayach (locative plural)
skayu (singular vocative)
skaye (plural vocative)


relanium

Genericized trademark. Compare Russian рела́ниум (relánium).


totolotek

totolotek (nominative singular)
totolotka (genitive singular)
totolotkowi (dative singular)
totolotek (accusative singular)
totolotkiem (instrumental singular)
totolotku (locative singular)
totolotku (singular vocative)

Genericized trademark, from Latin tōtālis + lot(to) + -ek.


frużelina

frużelina (nominative singular)
frużeliny (genitive singular)
frużelinie (dative singular)
frużelinę (accusative singular)
frużeliną (instrumental singular)
frużelinie (locative singular)
frużelino (singular vocative)

filling made of whole or sliced fruit in gel


trytytka

trytytka (nominative singular)
trytytki (nominative plural)
trytytki (genitive singular)
trytytek (genitive plural)
trytytce (dative singular)
trytytkom (dative plural)
trytytkę (accusative singular)
trytytki (accusative plural)
trytytką (instrumental singular)
trytytkami (instrumental plural)
trytytce (locative singular)
trytytkach (locative plural)
trytytko (singular vocative)
trytytki (plural vocative)

Genericized trademark of the Polish company Trytyt + -ka. Originally onomatopoeic, from the characteristic sound it makes while being tightened.

cable tie (type of fastener, especially for binding several electronic cables or wires together)


duraleks

pl-noun

duraleks m inan (related adjective duraleksowy)

duraleksowy (adjective)
duraleks (nominative singular)
duraleksy (nominative plural)
duraleksu (genitive singular)
duraleksów (genitive plural)
duraleksowi (dative singular)
duraleksom (dative plural)
duraleks (accusative singular)
duraleksy (accusative plural)
duraleksem (instrumental singular)
duraleksami (instrumental plural)
duraleksie (locative singular)
duraleksach (locative plural)
duraleksie (singular vocative)
duraleksy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French Duralex. Genericized trademark.

Duralex (type of tempered glass used to make dishes or vessels)