pies

pl-noun

pies m animal (diminutive piesek, augmentative psisko, related adjective psi)

piesek (diminutive)
psisko (augmentative)
psi (adjective)
pies (nominative singular)
psy (nominative plural)
psa (genitive singular)
psów (genitive plural)
psu (dative singular)
psom (dative plural)
psa (accusative singular)
psy (accusative plural)
psem (instrumental singular)
psami (instrumental plural)
psie (locative singular)
psach (locative plural)
psie (singular vocative)
psy (plural vocative)


abdomen

abdomen (nominative singular)
abdomeny (nominative plural)
abdomenu (genitive singular)
abdomenów (genitive plural)
abdomenowi (dative singular)
abdomenom (dative plural)
abdomen (accusative singular)
abdomeny (accusative plural)
abdomenem (instrumental singular)
abdomenami (instrumental plural)
abdomenie (locative singular)
abdomenach (locative plural)
abdomenie (singular vocative)
abdomeny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abdōmen. First attested in 1791.

ref

Pierre-François Nicolas (1791) Dykcyonarz Powszechny Medyki, Chirurgii, i Sztuki Hodowania Bydląt Czyli Lekarz Wieyski Zawieraiący Rozciągłe wiadomości wszystkich części sztuki Lekarskiey ... Dzieło pożyteczne wszystkim klassom Obywatelow i do ich poiętności przystosowane przez Towarzystwo Lekarzow Francuzkich. T. 6, page 33


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)


krowa

krowa f (diminutive krówka, augmentative krówsko, related adjective krowi)

krówka (diminutive)
krówsko (augmentative)
krowi (adjective)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krów (genitive plural)
krowie (dative singular)
krowom (dative plural)
krowę (accusative singular)
krowy (accusative plural)
krową (instrumental singular)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowie (locative singular)
krowach (locative plural)
krowo (singular vocative)
krowy (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: byk

cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved)

cow (female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants)

(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)


chłopak

chłopiec (diminutive)
chłopak (nominative singular)
chłopacy (nominative plural)
chłopaki (derogatory nominative plural)
chłopaka (genitive singular)
chłopaków (genitive plural)
chłopakowi (dative singular)
chłopakom (dative plural)
chłopaka (accusative singular)
chłopaków (accusative plural)
chłopakiem (instrumental singular)
chłopakami (instrumental plural)
chłopaku (locative singular)
chłopakach (locative plural)
chłopaku (singular vocative)
chłopacy (plural vocative)

From chłop + -ak. Originally from the Mazovian dialect, as there is a tendency to use the suffix -ak instead of -ę to create young nouns (compare Polish dziecię vs Polish dzieciak, źrebię vs źrebak). First attested in 1731.

ref

Karol Mikołaj Juniewicz (1731) Refleksye duchowne ná mądry krolá Sálomoná sentyment oraz ná krotkość żyćia ludzkiego, śmierć, sąd straszny, wieczność szczęśliwą y nieszczęśliwą […]  (in Polish), page 42

boyfriend; boy (male romantic partner, usually not married)


kwiat

pl-noun

kwiat m inan (diminutive kwiatek or kwiatuszek, related adjective kwiatowy or kwieciany or kwietni, abbreviation kw.)

kwiatek (diminutive)
kwiatuszek (diminutive)
kwiatowy (adjective)
kwieciany (adjective)
kwietni (adjective)
kw. (abbreviation)
kwiat (nominative singular)
kwiaty (nominative plural)
kwiatu (genitive singular)
kwiatów (genitive plural)
kwiatowi (dative singular)
kwiatom (dative plural)
kwiat (accusative singular)
kwiaty (accusative plural)
kwiatem (instrumental singular)
kwiatami (instrumental plural)
kwiecie (locative singular)
kwiatach (locative plural)
kwiecie (singular vocative)
kwiaty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: квѣтъ (květ), квꙗтъ (kvjat)

Belarusian: квет (kvjet)

Ukrainian: квіт (kvit)

→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)

(countable, botany) flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colorful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil)

(countable) flower (colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual reproduction)

(countable) flower (plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood)

(countable) flower (stem of a flowering plant with the blossom or blossoms attached, used for decoration, as a gift, etc.)

(countable, obsolete, zootonomy) fork at the end of a chaeta


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).


kita

kitka (diminutive)
kita (nominative singular)
kity (nominative plural)
kity (genitive singular)
kit (genitive plural)
kicie (dative singular)
kitom (dative plural)
kitę (accusative singular)
kity (accusative plural)
kitą (instrumental singular)
kitami (instrumental plural)
kicie (locative singular)
kitach (locative plural)
kito (singular vocative)
kity (plural vocative)


wet

wet (nominative singular)
wety (nominative plural)
wetu (genitive singular)
wetów (genitive plural)
wetowi (dative singular)
wetom (dative plural)
wet (accusative singular)
wety (accusative plural)
wetem (instrumental singular)
wetami (instrumental plural)
wecie (locative singular)
wetach (locative plural)
wecie (singular vocative)
wety (plural vocative)

(obsolete except in set phrases) compensation (something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss)

(archaic, in the plural) dessert (sweet dish or confection served as the last course of a meal)


wet

wet (nominative singular)
wetowie (nominative plural)
wety (derogatory nominative plural)
weta (genitive singular)
wetów (genitive plural)
wetowi (dative singular)
wetom (dative plural)
weta (accusative singular)
wetów (accusative plural)
wetem (instrumental singular)
wetami (instrumental plural)
wecie (locative singular)
wetach (locative plural)
wecie (singular vocative)
wetowie (plural vocative)
wety (derogatory plural vocative)

Clipping of weterynarz. Compare English vet.


pet

pecik (diminutive)
pet (nominative singular)
pety (nominative plural)
peta (genitive singular)
petów (genitive plural)
petowi (dative singular)
petom (dative plural)
pet (accusative singular)
pety (accusative plural)
petem (instrumental singular)
petami (instrumental plural)
pecie (locative singular)
petach (locative plural)
pecie (singular vocative)
pety (plural vocative)


harem

harem (nominative singular)
haremy (nominative plural)
haremu (genitive singular)
haremów (genitive plural)
haremowi (dative singular)
haremom (dative plural)
harem (accusative singular)
haremy (accusative plural)
haremem (instrumental singular)
haremami (instrumental plural)
haremie (locative singular)
haremach (locative plural)
haremie (singular vocative)
haremy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram). Doublet of haram.

bor+

harem (group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male)


melon

pl-noun

melon m inan (diminutive melonik, related adjective melonowy)

melonik (diminutive)
melonowy (adjective)
melon (nominative singular)
melony (nominative plural)
melona (genitive singular)
melonów (genitive plural)
melonowi (dative singular)
melonom (dative plural)
melon (accusative singular)
melony (accusative plural)
melonem (instrumental singular)
melonami (instrumental plural)
melonie (locative singular)
melonach (locative plural)
melonie (singular vocative)
melony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mēlōnis.

lbor

(cetology) melon (mass of adipose tissue found in the forehead of all toothed whales, used to focus and modulate vocalizations)


paw

pawica (feminine)
paw (nominative singular)
pawie (nominative plural)
pawia (genitive singular)
pawi (genitive plural)
pawiowi (dative singular)
pawiom (dative plural)
pawia (accusative singular)
pawie (accusative plural)
pawiem (instrumental singular)
pawiami (instrumental plural)
pawiu (locative singular)
pawiach (locative plural)
pawiu (singular vocative)
pawie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German phāwe, from Latin pāvō.


nos

pl-noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosek, augmentative nochal or nosisko, related adjective nosowy)

nosek (diminutive)
nochal (augmentative)
nosisko (augmentative)
nosowy (adjective)
nos (nominative singular)
nosy (nominative plural)
nosa (genitive singular)
nosów (genitive plural)
nosowi (dative singular)
nosom (dative plural)
nos (accusative singular)
nosy (accusative plural)
nosem (instrumental singular)
nosami (instrumental plural)
nosie (locative singular)
nosach (locative plural)
nosie (singular vocative)
nosy (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús
Proto-Slavic *nosъ
Old Polish nos
Polish nos
Inherited from Old Polish nos.

etymon

(anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell, sometimes of animals)

(by extension) nose (tip of an object, usually pointed)

toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)

(obsolete) collar (part of an oil lamp where the wick comes out)

(Middle Polish) nostril of a fish or other aquatic swamp animal


ren

pl-noun

ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)

reniferzyca (feminine)
ren (nominative singular)
reny (nominative plural)
rena (genitive singular)
renów (genitive plural)
renowi (dative singular)
renom (dative plural)
rena (accusative singular)
reny (accusative plural)
renem (instrumental singular)
renami (instrumental plural)
renie (locative singular)
renach (locative plural)
renie (singular vocative)
reny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.

caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)


lira

Borrowed from Maltese lira, from Italian lira, from Latin lībra.

(historical) lira (former unit of currency of Malta)


cap

cap (nominative singular)
capy (nominative plural)
capa (genitive singular)
capów (genitive plural)
capowi (dative singular)
capom (dative plural)
capa (accusative singular)
capy (accusative plural)
capem (instrumental singular)
capami (instrumental plural)
capie (locative singular)
capach (locative plural)
capie (singular vocative)
capy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Romanian țap, possibly from Albanian cjap.


kot

kot m animal (female equivalent kocica or kotka, diminutive kotek, augmentative kocur or kocisko, related adjective koci)

kocica (feminine)
kotka (feminine)
kotek (diminutive)
kocur (augmentative)
kocisko (augmentative)
koci (adjective)
kot (nominative singular)
koty (nominative plural)
kota (genitive singular)
kotów (genitive plural)
kotu (dative singular)
kotom (dative plural)
kota (accusative singular)
koty (accusative plural)
kotem (instrumental singular)
kotami (instrumental plural)
kocie (locative singular)
kotach (locative plural)
kocie (singular vocative)
koty (plural vocative)


lis

lis m animal (female equivalent lisica, diminutive lisek, augmentative lisisko)

lisica (feminine)
lisek (diminutive)
lisisko (augmentative)
lis (nominative singular)
lisy (nominative plural)
lisa (genitive singular)
lisów (genitive plural)
lisowi (dative singular)
lisom (dative plural)
lisa (accusative singular)
lisy (accusative plural)
lisem (instrumental singular)
lisami (instrumental plural)
lisie (locative singular)
lisach (locative plural)
lisie (singular vocative)
lisy (plural vocative)

fox (Vulpini, especially the genus Vulpes)


wilk

wilk m animal (female equivalent wilczyca, diminutive wilczek, augmentative wilczysko, related adjective wilczy)

wilczyca (feminine)
wilczek (diminutive)
wilczysko (augmentative)
wilczy (adjective)
wilk (nominative singular)
wilki (nominative plural)
wilka (genitive singular)
wilków (genitive plural)
wilkowi (dative singular)
wilkom (dative plural)
wilka (accusative singular)
wilki (accusative plural)
wilkiem (instrumental singular)
wilkami (instrumental plural)
wilku (locative singular)
wilkach (locative plural)
wilku (singular vocative)
wilki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin lupus. For the sense “meatgrinder,” compare German Fleischwolf.


jazz

jazzowy (adjective)
jazz (nominative singular)
jazzu (genitive singular)
jazzowi (dative singular)
jazz (accusative singular)
jazzem (instrumental singular)
jazzie (locative singular)
jazzie (singular vocative)

Śmiech, relaks i spokój w każdym machu / rozpoznam kozaka po wyglądzie i zapachu / śpię po tym jak dziecko i śmieje się do łez / mniej szkodliwe to niż wóda, zalegalizujcie jazz!

2011, Firma, (lyrics and music), “JaraMy” (track 20), in Nasza broń to nasza pasja, performed by Firma:

Laughter, relaxation, and peace with every toke / I can tell a badass by the way he looks / it makes me sleep like a baby and I laugh til I cry / it's less harmful than vodka, legalize hash!


kokot

kokotek (diminutive)
kokot (nominative singular)
kokoty (nominative plural)
kokota (genitive singular)
kokotów (genitive plural)
kokotowi (dative singular)
kokotom (dative plural)
kokota (accusative singular)
kokoty (accusative plural)
kokotem (instrumental singular)
kokotami (instrumental plural)
kokocie (locative singular)
kokotach (locative plural)
kokocie (singular vocative)
kokoty (plural vocative)

Alternative form: (dialectal) kokót

(archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Central Greater Poland) rooster (male chicken)


senator

pl-noun

senator m pers (female equivalent senatorka, related adjective senatorski)

senatorka (feminine)
senatorski (adjective)
senator (nominative singular)
senatorzy (nominative plural)
senatorowie (nominative plural)
senatory (derogatory nominative plural)
senatora (genitive singular)
senatorów (genitive plural)
senatorowi (dative singular)
senatorom (dative plural)
senatora (accusative singular)
senatorów (accusative plural)
senatorem (instrumental singular)
senatorami (instrumental plural)
senatorze (locative singular)
senatorach (locative plural)
senatorze (singular vocative)
senatorzy (plural vocative)
senatorowie (plural vocative)
senatory (derogatory plural vocative)

(zoology) older and strong male in a group of baboons


joint

joint (nominative singular)
jointy (nominative plural)
jointa (genitive singular)
jointów (genitive plural)
jointowi (dative singular)
jointom (dative plural)
joint (accusative singular)
jointa (accusative singular)
jointy (accusative plural)
jointem (instrumental singular)
jointami (instrumental plural)
joincie (locative singular)
jointach (locative plural)
joincie (singular vocative)
jointy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joint, from Middle English joynt, from Old French joint.


blunt

blunt (nominative singular)
blunty (nominative plural)
blunta (genitive singular)
bluntów (genitive plural)
bluntowi (dative singular)
bluntom (dative plural)
blunta (accusative singular)
blunty (accusative plural)
bluntem (instrumental singular)
bluntami (instrumental plural)
bluncie (locative singular)
bluntach (locative plural)
bluncie (singular vocative)
blunty (plural vocative)


wino

wino n (diminutive winko, augmentative wińsko)

winko (diminutive)
wińsko (augmentative)
wino (nominative singular)
wina (nominative plural)
wina (genitive singular)
win (genitive plural)
winu (dative singular)
winom (dative plural)
wino (accusative singular)
wina (accusative plural)
winem (instrumental singular)
winami (instrumental plural)
winie (locative singular)
winach (locative plural)
wino (singular vocative)
wina (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wino, from Proto-Slavic *vino.

wino słodkie

wino półsłodkie

wino półwytrawne

wino wytrawne

wino białe

wino czerwone

wino różowe


waka

(Southern Greater Poland) old bitch (old female dog)


gula

gularz (masculine)
gula (nominative singular)
gule (nominative plural)
guli (genitive singular)
guli (genitive plural)
gul (genitive plural)
guli (dative singular)
gulom (dative plural)
gulę (accusative singular)
gule (accusative plural)
gulą (instrumental singular)
gulami (instrumental plural)
guli (locative singular)
gulach (locative plural)
gulo (singular vocative)
gule (plural vocative)

Alternative form: guła


pupil

pupil m pers (female equivalent pupilka, diminutive pupilek, related adjective pupilarny)

pupilka (feminine)
pupilek (diminutive)
pupilarny (adjective)
pupil (nominative singular)
pupile (nominative plural)
pupila (genitive singular)
pupili (genitive plural)
pupilów (genitive plural)
pupilowi (dative singular)
pupilom (dative plural)
pupila (accusative singular)
pupili (accusative plural)
pupilów (accusative plural)
pupilem (instrumental singular)
pupilami (instrumental plural)
pupilu (locative singular)
pupilach (locative plural)
pupilu (singular vocative)
pupile (plural vocative)

favorite son, favored student, protégé, teacher's pet (student who is perceived to be favored by the teacher)


kinder

(Central Greater Poland) Synonym of kiernoz


lisica

lisica (nominative singular)
lisice (nominative plural)
lisicy (genitive singular)
lisic (genitive plural)
lisicy (dative singular)
lisicom (dative plural)
lisicę (accusative singular)
lisice (accusative plural)
lisicą (instrumental singular)
lisicami (instrumental plural)
lisicy (locative singular)
lisicach (locative plural)
lisico (singular vocative)
lisice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisica. By surface analysis, lis + -ica.


słoń

słoń (nominative singular)
słonie (nominative plural)
słonia (genitive singular)
słoni (genitive plural)
słoniowi (dative singular)
słoniom (dative plural)
słonia (accusative singular)
słonie (accusative plural)
słoniem (instrumental singular)
słoniami (instrumental plural)
słoniu (locative singular)
słoniach (locative plural)
słoniu (singular vocative)
słonie (plural vocative)


marihuana

marihuana f (related adjective marihuanowy)

marihuanowy (adjective)
marihuana (nominative singular)
marihuany (genitive singular)
marihuanie (dative singular)
marihuanę (accusative singular)
marihuaną (instrumental singular)
marihuanie (locative singular)
marihuano (singular vocative)

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

marijuana (inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect)

(informal) cannabis, hemp (Cannabis sativa)


trufla

trufla f (diminutive trufelka, related adjective truflowy)

trufelka (diminutive)
truflowy (adjective)
trufla (nominative singular)
trufle (nominative plural)
trufli (genitive singular)
trufli (genitive plural)
trufli (dative singular)
truflom (dative plural)
truflę (accusative singular)
trufle (accusative plural)
truflą (instrumental singular)
truflami (instrumental plural)
trufli (locative singular)
truflach (locative plural)
truflo (singular vocative)
trufle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trüffel, from French truffe, from Old Occitan trufa, from Latin tuber, from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂-. Doublet of trufel.


plastron

plastron (nominative singular)
plastrony (nominative plural)
plastronu (genitive singular)
plastronów (genitive plural)
plastronowi (dative singular)
plastronom (dative plural)
plastron (accusative singular)
plastrony (accusative plural)
plastronem (instrumental singular)
plastronami (instrumental plural)
plastronie (locative singular)
plastronach (locative plural)
plastronie (singular vocative)
plastrony (plural vocative)


stek

stek (nominative singular)
steki (nominative plural)
steku (genitive singular)
steków (genitive plural)
stekowi (dative singular)
stekom (dative plural)
stek (accusative singular)
steki (accusative plural)
stekiem (instrumental singular)
stekami (instrumental plural)
steku (locative singular)
stekach (locative plural)
steku (singular vocative)
steki (plural vocative)

Perhaps inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъtъkъ, *jьztъkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Latin cloāca.

sl

cloaca (duct in reptiles, amphibians, and birds, as well as most fish and some mammals, which serves as the common outlet for urination, defecation, and reproduction)


roba

roba (nominative singular)
roby (nominative plural)
roby (genitive singular)
rob (genitive plural)
robie (dative singular)
robom (dative plural)
robę (accusative singular)
roby (accusative plural)
robą (instrumental singular)
robami (instrumental plural)
robie (locative singular)
robach (locative plural)
robo (singular vocative)
roby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish roba, from Proto-Slavic *orba.


kur

kur (nominative singular)
kuru (genitive singular)
kurowi (dative singular)
kur (accusative singular)
kurem (instrumental singular)
kurze (locative singular)
kurze (singular vocative)

Cognates include Russian корь (korʹ) and Ukrainian кір (kir).

(obsolete) rubella, German measles (disease caused by Rubella virus)


hak

pl-noun

hak m inan (diminutive haczyk, related adjective hakowy)

haczyk (diminutive)
hakowy (adjective)
hak (nominative singular)
haki (nominative plural)
haka (genitive singular)
haków (genitive plural)
hakowi (dative singular)
hakom (dative plural)
hak (accusative singular)
haki (accusative plural)
hakiem (instrumental singular)
hakami (instrumental plural)
haku (locative singular)
hakach (locative plural)
haku (singular vocative)
haki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German hāke, hāken, from Old High German hako.


mech

meszek (diminutive)
mech (nominative singular)
mchy (nominative plural)
mchu (genitive singular)
mchów (genitive plural)
mchowi (dative singular)
mchom (dative plural)
mech (accusative singular)
mchy (accusative plural)
mchem (instrumental singular)
mchami (instrumental plural)
mchu (locative singular)
mchach (locative plural)
mchu (singular vocative)
mchy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish mech, from Proto-Slavic *mъxъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *muśas, from Proto-Indo-European *músos, from the root *mews- (“moss”).


baran

pl-noun

baran m animal (diminutive baranek, augmentative baranisko, related adjective barani)

baranek (diminutive)
baranisko (augmentative)
barani (adjective)
baran (nominative singular)
barany (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranów (genitive plural)
baranowi (dative singular)
baranom (dative plural)
barana (accusative singular)
barany (accusative plural)
baranem (instrumental singular)
baranami (instrumental plural)
baranie (locative singular)
baranach (locative plural)
baranie (singular vocative)
barany (plural vocative)


zad

zadek (diminutive)
zad (nominative singular)
zady (nominative plural)
zadu (genitive singular)
zadów (genitive plural)
zadowi (dative singular)
zadom (dative plural)
zad (accusative singular)
zady (accusative plural)
zadem (instrumental singular)
zadami (instrumental plural)
zadzie (locative singular)
zadach (locative plural)
zadzie (singular vocative)
zady (plural vocative)


tur

tur m animal (female equivalent turzyca)

turzyca (feminine)
tur (nominative singular)
tury (nominative plural)
tura (genitive singular)
turów (genitive plural)
turowi (dative singular)
turom (dative plural)
tura (accusative singular)
tury (accusative plural)
turem (instrumental singular)
turami (instrumental plural)
turze (locative singular)
turach (locative plural)
turze (singular vocative)
tury (plural vocative)

Bos primigenius
Bos primigenius#Translingual


rupa

(Far Masovian) Synonym of klępa (“old cow”)

(Far Masovian, derogatory) Synonym of klępa (“clumsy woman”)


byk

byk m animal (diminutive byczek, related adjective byczy)

byczek (diminutive)
byczy (adjective)
byk (nominative singular)
byki (nominative plural)
byka (genitive singular)
byków (genitive plural)
bykowi (dative singular)
bykom (dative plural)
byka (accusative singular)
byki (accusative plural)
bykiem (instrumental singular)
bykami (instrumental plural)
byku (locative singular)
bykach (locative plural)
byku (singular vocative)
byki (plural vocative)


jeleń

jelonek (diminutive)
jeleń (nominative singular)
jelenie (nominative plural)
jelenia (genitive singular)
jeleni (genitive plural)
jeleniowi (dative singular)
jeleniom (dative plural)
jelenia (accusative singular)
jelenie (accusative plural)
jeleniem (instrumental singular)
jeleniami (instrumental plural)
jeleniu (locative singular)
jeleniach (locative plural)
jeleniu (singular vocative)
jelenie (plural vocative)


locha

loszka (diminutive)
locha (nominative singular)
lochy (nominative plural)
lochy (genitive singular)
loch (genitive plural)
losze (dative singular)
lochom (dative plural)
lochę (accusative singular)
lochy (accusative plural)
lochą (instrumental singular)
lochami (instrumental plural)
losze (locative singular)
lochach (locative plural)
locho (singular vocative)
lochy (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: льо́ха (lʹóxa)

→ Yiddish: ליאָכע (lyokhe)

Uncertain. Possibly akin to dialectal Czech lachna, lochna (“obese woman”), dialectal Slovak lacha (“wretched woman”) and dialectal Russian ло́ха (lóxa, “stupid woman”). Less likely borrowed from German Lose (“sow”).


muł

muł (nominative singular)
muły (nominative plural)
mułu (genitive singular)
mułów (genitive plural)
mułowi (dative singular)
mułom (dative plural)
muł (accusative singular)
muły (accusative plural)
mułem (instrumental singular)
mułami (instrumental plural)
mule (locative singular)
mułach (locative plural)
mule (singular vocative)
muły (plural vocative)

szlam i muł

(geology) slime, sludge, slurry (natural muddy sediment accumulating on the bottom and banks of water bodies)


faja

faja (nominative singular)
faje (nominative plural)
fai (genitive singular)
faj (genitive plural)
fai (dative singular)
fajom (dative plural)
faję (accusative singular)
faje (accusative plural)
fają (instrumental singular)
fajami (instrumental plural)
fai (locative singular)
fajach (locative plural)
fajo (singular vocative)
faje (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory) dweeb, hacker, klutz, nebbish


ogonek

ogonek m inan (diminutive ogoneczek, related adjective ogonkowy)

ogoneczek (diminutive)
ogonkowy (adjective)
ogonek (nominative singular)
ogonki (nominative plural)
ogonka (genitive singular)
ogonków (genitive plural)
ogonkowi (dative singular)
ogonkom (dative plural)
ogonek (accusative singular)
ogonki (accusative plural)
ogonkiem (instrumental singular)
ogonkami (instrumental plural)
ogonku (locative singular)
ogonkach (locative plural)
ogonku (singular vocative)
ogonki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: аго́нэк (ahónek)

→ English: ogonek

→ Esperanto: ogoneko

→ German: Ogonek

→ Russian: ого́нэк (ogónɛk)

→ Ukrainian: ого́нек (ohónek)


żubr

żubr (nominative singular)
żubrowie (nominative plural)
żubry (derogatory nominative plural)
żubra (genitive singular)
żubrów (genitive plural)
żubrowi (dative singular)
żubrom (dative plural)
żubra (accusative singular)
żubrów (accusative plural)
żubrem (instrumental singular)
żubrami (instrumental plural)
żubrze (locative singular)
żubrach (locative plural)
żubrze (singular vocative)
żubrowie (plural vocative)
żubry (derogatory plural vocative)

→ English: zubr

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: жубръ (žubr), żubr — alternative spelling
⇒ Ukrainian: жуброви́й (žubrovýj)

→ Vilamovian: żubr

Inherited from Old Polish zubr. The current form being żubr and not zubr is a result of hypercorrection due to avoiding mazuration.

(historical, politics) żubr kresowy (representative of a group of conservative Polish landowners who lived in the early 20th century in the eastern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, now part of Lithuania or Belarus)


trut

trut (nominative singular)
truty (nominative plural)
truta (genitive singular)
trutów (genitive plural)
trutowi (dative singular)
trutom (dative plural)
truta (accusative singular)
truty (accusative plural)
trutem (instrumental singular)
trutami (instrumental plural)
trucie (locative singular)
trutach (locative plural)
trucie (singular vocative)
truty (plural vocative)


ogon

pl-noun

ogon m inan (diminutive ogonek, related adjective ogonowy)

ogonek (diminutive)
ogonowy (adjective)
ogon (nominative singular)
ogony (nominative plural)
ogonu (genitive singular)
ogonów (genitive plural)
ogonowi (dative singular)
ogonom (dative plural)
ogon (accusative singular)
ogony (accusative plural)
ogonem (instrumental singular)
ogonami (instrumental plural)
ogonie (locative singular)
ogonach (locative plural)
ogonie (singular vocative)
ogony (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ogonъ. Compare Czech ohon, Silesian ôgōn, and Lower Sorbian wogon.


żółw

żółw m animal (female equivalent żółwica, diminutive żółwik, related adjective żółwi or żółwiowy)

żółwica (feminine)
żółwik (diminutive)
żółwi (adjective)
żółwiowy (adjective)
żółw (nominative singular)
żółwie (nominative plural)
żółwia (genitive singular)
żółwi (genitive plural)
żółwiowi (dative singular)
żółwiom (dative plural)
żółwia (accusative singular)
żółwie (accusative plural)
żółwiem (instrumental singular)
żółwiami (instrumental plural)
żółwiu (locative singular)
żółwiach (locative plural)
żółwiu (singular vocative)
żółwie (plural vocative)

turtle (any land or marine reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body)

terrapin (any of several small turtles native to North America that live in brackish or fresh water)


bizon

bizonek (diminutive)
bizon (nominative singular)
bizony (nominative plural)
bizona (genitive singular)
bizonów (genitive plural)
bizonowi (dative singular)
bizonom (dative plural)
bizona (accusative singular)
bizony (accusative plural)
bizonem (instrumental singular)
bizonami (instrumental plural)
bizonie (locative singular)
bizonach (locative plural)
bizonie (singular vocative)
bizony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Bison, from French bison, from Old French bison, from Latin bisōn, bisōnt-, from Proto-Germanic *wisundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wisAn-, from Proto-Indo-European *weys-. First attested in 1861.

Coordinate term: żubr

stado bizonów

polować na bizony


ropucha

ropucha f (male equivalent ropuch, diminutive ropuszka)

ropuch (masculine)
ropuszka (diminutive)
ropucha (nominative singular)
ropuchy (nominative plural)
ropuchy (genitive singular)
ropuch (genitive plural)
ropusze (dative singular)
ropuchom (dative plural)
ropuchę (accusative singular)
ropuchy (accusative plural)
ropuchą (instrumental singular)
ropuchami (instrumental plural)
ropusze (locative singular)
ropuchach (locative plural)
ropucho (singular vocative)
ropuchy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: рапу́ха (rapúxa)

→ Czech: ropucha

→ Slovak: ropucha

→ Ukrainian: ропу́ха (ropúxa)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xorpuxa, *korpuxa, from *xorpa, *(s)korpa.


gibon

gibon (nominative singular)
gibony (nominative plural)
gibona (genitive singular)
gibonów (genitive plural)
gibonowi (dative singular)
gibonom (dative plural)
gibona (accusative singular)
gibony (accusative plural)
gibonem (instrumental singular)
gibonami (instrumental plural)
gibonie (locative singular)
gibonach (locative plural)
gibonie (singular vocative)
gibony (plural vocative)

gibbon (any ape of the family Hylobatidae)


ciba

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Synonym of kura (“hen”)


król

król m pers (female equivalent królowa, diminutive (derogatory) królik, augmentative królisko, related adjective królewski)

królowa (feminine)
królik (derogatory diminutive)
królisko (augmentative)
królewski (adjective)
król (nominative singular)
królowie (nominative plural)
króle (derogatory nominative plural)
króla (genitive singular)
królów (genitive plural)
królowi (dative singular)
królom (dative plural)
króla (accusative singular)
królów (accusative plural)
królem (instrumental singular)
królami (instrumental plural)
królu (locative singular)
królach (locative plural)
królu (singular vocative)
królowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish król. Sense 2, sense 3, and sense 4 and are an internationalism semantic loan; compare English king, French roi and German König. Doublet of Karol.

king (male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy)


reproduktor

reproduktor (nominative singular)
reproduktory (nominative plural)
reproduktora (genitive singular)
reproduktorów (genitive plural)
reproduktorowi (dative singular)
reproduktorom (dative plural)
reproduktora (accusative singular)
reproduktory (accusative plural)
reproduktorem (instrumental singular)
reproduktorami (instrumental plural)
reproduktorze (locative singular)
reproduktorach (locative plural)
reproduktorze (singular vocative)
reproduktory (plural vocative)

breeder, sire (male animal used for breeding)


tabaka

tabaczka (diminutive)
tabaka (nominative singular)
tabaki (genitive singular)
tabace (dative singular)
tabakę (accusative singular)
tabaką (instrumental singular)
tabace (locative singular)
tabako (singular vocative)


morda

morda f (diminutive mordka or morduchna)

mordka (diminutive)
morduchna (diminutive)
morda (nominative singular)
mordy (nominative plural)
mordy (genitive singular)
mord (genitive plural)
mordzie (dative singular)
mordom (dative plural)
mordę (accusative singular)
mordy (accusative plural)
mordą (instrumental singular)
mordami (instrumental plural)
mordzie (locative singular)
mordach (locative plural)
mordo (singular vocative)
mordy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from East Slavic. Compare Russian мо́рда (mórda).

snout, muzzle (long, projecting nose, mouth, and jaw of a beast, as of pigs)


wół

wołek (diminutive)
wół (nominative singular)
woły (nominative plural)
wołu (genitive singular)
woła (genitive singular)
wołów (genitive plural)
wołowi (dative singular)
wołom (dative plural)
wołu (accusative singular)
woła (accusative singular)
woły (accusative plural)
wołem (instrumental singular)
wołami (instrumental plural)
wole (locative singular)
wołach (locative plural)
wole (singular vocative)
woły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wół, from Proto-Slavic *volъ.


kogut

kogut m animal (diminutive kogucik or kogutek, augmentative kogucisko)

kogucik (diminutive)
kogutek (diminutive)
kogucisko (augmentative)
kogut (nominative singular)
koguty (nominative plural)
koguta (genitive singular)
kogutów (genitive plural)
kogutowi (dative singular)
kogutom (dative plural)
koguta (accusative singular)
koguty (accusative plural)
kogutem (instrumental singular)
kogutami (instrumental plural)
kogucie (locative singular)
kogutach (locative plural)
kogucie (singular vocative)
koguty (plural vocative)


kogut

kogut (nominative singular)
koguty (nominative plural)
kogutu (genitive singular)
kogutów (genitive plural)
kogutowi (dative singular)
kogutom (dative plural)
kogut (accusative singular)
koguty (accusative plural)
kogutem (instrumental singular)
kogutami (instrumental plural)
kogucie (locative singular)
kogutach (locative plural)
kogucie (singular vocative)
koguty (plural vocative)

(colloquial) emergency vehicle lighting, flashing light (emergency vehicle lighting)


parapodium

parapodium (nominative singular)
parapodia (nominative plural)
parapodium (genitive singular)
parapodiów (genitive plural)
parapodium (dative singular)
parapodiom (dative plural)
parapodium (accusative singular)
parapodia (accusative plural)
parapodium (instrumental singular)
parapodiami (instrumental plural)
parapodium (locative singular)
parapodiach (locative plural)
parapodium (singular vocative)
parapodia (plural vocative)

(annelid anatomy) parapodium (any of the paired unjointed lateral outgrowths used for locomotion by worms such as annelids)


ojciec

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

ojczulek (diminutive)
ojczysko (augmentative)
o. (abbreviation)
oo. (abbreviation)
ojciec (nominative singular)
ojcowie (nominative plural)
ojce (derogatory nominative plural)
ojca (genitive singular)
ojców (genitive plural)
ojcu (dative singular)
ojcom (dative plural)
ojca (accusative singular)
ojców (accusative plural)
ojcem (instrumental singular)
ojcami (instrumental plural)
ojcu (locative singular)
ojcach (locative plural)
ojcze (singular vocative)
ojcowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą


indyk

indyk m animal (female equivalent indyczka, diminutive indyczek, related adjective indyczy)

indyczka (feminine)
indyczek (diminutive)
indyczy (adjective)
indyk (nominative singular)
indyki (nominative plural)
indyka (genitive singular)
indyków (genitive plural)
indykowi (dative singular)
indykom (dative plural)
indyka (accusative singular)
indyki (accusative plural)
indykiem (instrumental singular)
indykami (instrumental plural)
indyku (locative singular)
indykach (locative plural)
indyku (singular vocative)
indyki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin indicus. Compare Russian индю́к (indjúk), Vilamovian indyk, and Yiddish אינדיק (indik).

turkey (any bird of the genus Meleagris)


kocur

kocur m animal (female equivalent kocica, diminutive kocurek)

kocica (feminine)
kocurek (diminutive)
kocur (nominative singular)
kocury (nominative plural)
kocura (genitive singular)
kocurów (genitive plural)
kocurowi (dative singular)
kocurom (dative plural)
kocura (accusative singular)
kocury (accusative plural)
kocurem (instrumental singular)
kocurami (instrumental plural)
kocurze (locative singular)
kocurach (locative plural)
kocurze (singular vocative)
kocury (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *koťerъ (“tomcat”), from *kotъ (“cat”).


słonica

słoniczka (diminutive)
słonica (nominative singular)
słonice (nominative plural)
słonicy (genitive singular)
słonic (genitive plural)
słonicy (dative singular)
słonicom (dative plural)
słonicę (accusative singular)
słonice (accusative plural)
słonicą (instrumental singular)
słonicami (instrumental plural)
słonicy (locative singular)
słonicach (locative plural)
słonico (singular vocative)
słonice (plural vocative)


fabryka

pl-noun

fabryka f (diminutive fabryczka, related adjective fabryczny)

fabryczka (diminutive)
fabryczny (adjective)
fabryka (nominative singular)
fabryki (nominative plural)
fabryki (genitive singular)
fabryk (genitive plural)
fabryce (dative singular)
fabrykom (dative plural)
fabrykę (accusative singular)
fabryki (accusative plural)
fabryką (instrumental singular)
fabrykami (instrumental plural)
fabryce (locative singular)
fabrykach (locative plural)
fabryko (singular vocative)
fabryki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: фа́брыка (fábryka)

→ Kashubian: fabrika, fabrëka

→? Russian: фа́брика (fábrika)

→ Ukrainian: фа́брика (fábryka)

Learned borrowing from Latin fabrica. First attested in 1564. Compare Silesian fabryka.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “fabryka”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(Middle Polish) skill, art; effort; workload


łoś

pl-noun

łoś m animal (female equivalent łosica, diminutive łosiek)

łosica (feminine)
łosiek (diminutive)
łoś (nominative singular)
łosie (nominative plural)
łosia (genitive singular)
łosi (genitive plural)
łosiowi (dative singular)
łosiom (dative plural)
łosia (accusative singular)
łosie (accusative plural)
łosiem (instrumental singular)
łosiami (instrumental plural)
łosiu (locative singular)
łosiach (locative plural)
łosiu (singular vocative)
łosie (plural vocative)

(colloquial) male moose, male Eurasian elk


pióro

piórko (diminutive)
pióro (nominative singular)
pióra (nominative plural)
pióra (genitive singular)
piór (genitive plural)
pióru (dative singular)
piórom (dative plural)
pióro (accusative singular)
pióra (accusative plural)
piórem (instrumental singular)
piórami (instrumental plural)
piórze (locative singular)
piórach (locative plural)
pióro (singular vocative)
pióra (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pero, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).


tryk

tryk (nominative singular)
tryki (nominative plural)
tryka (genitive singular)
tryków (genitive plural)
trykowi (dative singular)
trykom (dative plural)
tryka (accusative singular)
tryki (accusative plural)
trykiem (instrumental singular)
trykami (instrumental plural)
tryku (locative singular)
trykach (locative plural)
tryku (singular vocative)
tryki (plural vocative)


ogier

pl-noun

ogier m animal (female equivalent klacz)

klacz (feminine)
ogier (nominative singular)
ogiery (nominative plural)
ogiera (genitive singular)
ogierów (genitive plural)
ogierowi (dative singular)
ogierom (dative plural)
ogiera (accusative singular)
ogiery (accusative plural)
ogierem (instrumental singular)
ogierami (instrumental plural)
ogierze (locative singular)
ogierach (locative plural)
ogierze (singular vocative)
ogiery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Bashkir айғыр (ayğır), Kashubian jedżer, Old Turkic 𐰑𐰍𐰺 (adɣïr), Serbo-Croatian ajgir /ајгир, and Ukrainian о́гир (óhyr). Displaced Old Polish świerzepic.


orzeł

orzeł m animal (female equivalent orlica, diminutive orzełek or orlik or orliczek, augmentative orlisko or orliszczko, related adjective orli or orłowy or orłów)

orlica (feminine)
orzełek (diminutive)
orlik (diminutive)
orliczek (diminutive)
orlisko (augmentative)
orliszczko (augmentative)
orli (adjective)
orłowy (adjective)
orłów (adjective)
orzeł (nominative singular)
orły (nominative plural)
orła (genitive singular)
orłów (genitive plural)
orłu (dative singular)
orłowi (dative singular)
orłom (dative plural)
orła (accusative singular)
orły (accusative plural)
orłem (instrumental singular)
orłami (instrumental plural)
orle (locative singular)
orłach (locative plural)
orle (singular vocative)
orły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish orzeł, from Proto-Slavic *orьlъ.

(heraldry) eagle (eagle-shaped symbol that is the emblem of a country or nation, or the motif of a coat of arms)


kopyto

kopytko (diminutive)
kopyto (nominative singular)
kopyta (nominative plural)
kopyta (genitive singular)
kopyt (genitive plural)
kopytu (dative singular)
kopytom (dative plural)
kopyto (accusative singular)
kopyta (accusative plural)
kopytem (instrumental singular)
kopytami (instrumental plural)
kopycie (locative singular)
kopytach (locative plural)
kopyto (singular vocative)
kopyta (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kopyto, from Proto-Slavic *kopyto, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós.


winogrono

winogrono (nominative singular)
winogrona (nominative plural)
winogrona (genitive singular)
winogron (genitive plural)
winogronu (dative singular)
winogronom (dative plural)
winogrono (accusative singular)
winogrona (accusative plural)
winogronem (instrumental singular)
winogronami (instrumental plural)
winogronie (locative singular)
winogronach (locative plural)
winogrono (singular vocative)
winogrona (plural vocative)


kapral

kapral (nominative singular)
kaprale (nominative plural)
kaprala (genitive singular)
kaprali (genitive plural)
kapralowi (dative singular)
kapralom (dative plural)
kaprala (accusative singular)
kaprale (accusative plural)
kapralem (instrumental singular)
kapralami (instrumental plural)
kapralu (locative singular)
kapralach (locative plural)
kapralu (singular vocative)
kaprale (plural vocative)


osioł

osiołek (diminutive)
osioł (nominative singular)
osły (nominative plural)
osła (genitive singular)
osłów (genitive plural)
osłu (dative singular)
osłowi (dative singular)
osłom (dative plural)
osła (accusative singular)
osły (accusative plural)
osłem (instrumental singular)
osłami (instrumental plural)
ośle (locative singular)
osłach (locative plural)
ośle (singular vocative)
osły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osьlъ, from Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃 (asilus), from Latin asellus, from asinus.


weterynarz

weterynarz m pers (female equivalent weterynarka, related adjective weterynarski, abbreviation wet. or weter.)

weterynarka (feminine)
weterynarski (adjective)
wet. (abbreviation)
weter. (abbreviation)
weterynarz (nominative singular)
weterynarze (nominative plural)
weterynarza (genitive singular)
weterynarzy (genitive plural)
weterynarzowi (dative singular)
weterynarzom (dative plural)
weterynarza (accusative singular)
weterynarzy (accusative plural)
weterynarzem (instrumental singular)
weterynarzami (instrumental plural)
weterynarzu (locative singular)
weterynarzach (locative plural)
weterynarzu (singular vocative)
weterynarze (plural vocative)

veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon, vet, animal doctor (medical doctor who treats animals)


tabak

tabak (nominative singular)
tabaku (genitive singular)
tabakowi (dative singular)
tabak (accusative singular)
tabakiem (instrumental singular)
tabaku (locative singular)
tabaku (singular vocative)

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

(dialectal) tobacco (leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing)


kaczor

kaczorek (diminutive)
kaczor (nominative singular)
kaczory (nominative plural)
kaczora (genitive singular)
kaczorów (genitive plural)
kaczorowi (dative singular)
kaczorom (dative plural)
kaczora (accusative singular)
kaczory (accusative plural)
kaczorem (instrumental singular)
kaczorami (instrumental plural)
kaczorze (locative singular)
kaczorach (locative plural)
kaczorze (singular vocative)
kaczory (plural vocative)


trawa

trawa (nominative singular)
trawy (nominative plural)
trawy (genitive singular)
traw (genitive plural)
trawie (dative singular)
trawom (dative plural)
trawę (accusative singular)
trawy (accusative plural)
trawą (instrumental singular)
trawami (instrumental plural)
trawie (locative singular)
trawach (locative plural)
trawo (singular vocative)
trawy (plural vocative)


róg

rożek (diminutive)
róg (nominative singular)
rogi (nominative plural)
rogu (genitive singular)
rogów (genitive plural)
rogowi (dative singular)
rogom (dative plural)
róg (accusative singular)
rogi (accusative plural)
rogiem (instrumental singular)
rogami (instrumental plural)
rogu (locative singular)
rogach (locative plural)
rogu (singular vocative)
rogi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rogъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rágas.

horn, French horn (coiled brass musical instrument, derived from the French hunting horn, which has rotary valves)


skrzydło

skrzydełko (diminutive)
skrzydło (nominative singular)
skrzydła (nominative plural)
skrzydła (genitive singular)
skrzydeł (genitive plural)
skrzydłu (dative singular)
skrzydłom (dative plural)
skrzydło (accusative singular)
skrzydła (accusative plural)
skrzydłem (instrumental singular)
skrzydłami (instrumental plural)
skrzydle (locative singular)
skrzydłach (locative plural)
skrzydło (singular vocative)
skrzydła (plural vocative)

(Southern Greater Poland, construction) Synonym of zastrzał (“stirrup, strut”)


gołąb

gołąb m animal (female equivalent gołębica, diminutive gołąbek)

gołębica (feminine)
gołąbek (diminutive)
gołąb (nominative singular)
gołębie (nominative plural)
gołębia (genitive singular)
gołębi (genitive plural)
gołębiowi (dative singular)
gołębiom (dative plural)
gołębia (accusative singular)
gołębie (accusative plural)
gołębiem (instrumental singular)
gołębiami (instrumental plural)
gołębiu (locative singular)
gołębiach (locative plural)
gołębiu (singular vocative)
gołębie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golǫbь, from Vulgar Latin columbus, from Ancient Greek κόλυμβος (kólumbos).


kanarek

kanarek m animal (female equivalent kanarzyca, diminutive kanareczek, augmentative kanar, related adjective kanarkowy)

kanarzyca (feminine)
kanareczek (diminutive)
kanar (augmentative)
kanarkowy (adjective)
kanarek (nominative singular)
kanarki (nominative plural)
kanarka (genitive singular)
kanarków (genitive plural)
kanarkowi (dative singular)
kanarkom (dative plural)
kanarka (accusative singular)
kanarki (accusative plural)
kanarkiem (instrumental singular)
kanarkami (instrumental plural)
kanarku (locative singular)
kanarkach (locative plural)
kanarku (singular vocative)
kanarki (plural vocative)

From Kanary + -ek. Compare Czech kanárek and French canari.

Serinus canaria
Serinus canaria#Translingual


struś

struś m animal (female equivalent strusica, related adjective strusi)

strusica (feminine)
strusi (adjective)
struś (nominative singular)
strusie (nominative plural)
strusia (genitive singular)
strusi (genitive plural)
strusiów (genitive plural)
strusiowi (dative singular)
strusiom (dative plural)
strusia (accusative singular)
strusie (accusative plural)
strusiem (instrumental singular)
strusiami (instrumental plural)
strusiu (locative singular)
strusiach (locative plural)
strusiu (singular vocative)
strusie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German strūs, from Late Latin strūthiō, from Ancient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn).

ostrich (any ratite of the order Struthioniformes)


sanki

saneczki (diminutive)
sanki (nominative plural)
sanek (genitive plural)
sankom (dative plural)
sanki (accusative plural)
sankami (instrumental plural)
sankach (locative plural)
sanki (plural vocative)


renifer

renifer m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca, related adjective reniferowy)

reniferzyca (feminine)
reniferowy (adjective)
renifer (nominative singular)
renifery (nominative plural)
renifera (genitive singular)
reniferów (genitive plural)
reniferowi (dative singular)
reniferom (dative plural)
renifera (accusative singular)
renifery (accusative plural)
reniferem (instrumental singular)
reniferami (instrumental plural)
reniferze (locative singular)
reniferach (locative plural)
reniferze (singular vocative)
renifery (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: renifer

caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)


owca

owca f (diminutive owieczka, related adjective owczy)

owieczka (diminutive)
owczy (adjective)
owca (nominative singular)
owce (nominative plural)
owcy (genitive singular)
owiec (genitive plural)
owcy (dative singular)
owcom (dative plural)
owcę (accusative singular)
owce (accusative plural)
owcą (instrumental singular)
owcami (instrumental plural)
owcy (locative singular)
owcach (locative plural)
owco (singular vocative)
owce (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish owca, from Proto-Slavic *ovьca.

Coordinate term: baran


papieros

papieros m animal (diminutive papierosek or papierosik, augmentative papieroch or papierosisko)

papierosek (diminutive)
papierosik (diminutive)
papieroch (augmentative)
papierosisko (augmentative)
papieros (nominative singular)
papierosy (nominative plural)
papierosa (genitive singular)
papierosów (genitive plural)
papierosowi (dative singular)
papierosom (dative plural)
papierosa (accusative singular)
papierosy (accusative plural)
papierosem (instrumental singular)
papierosami (instrumental plural)
papierosie (locative singular)
papierosach (locative plural)
papierosie (singular vocative)
papierosy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: папяро́са (papjarósa)

→ Estonian: pabeross

→ Latvian: papiross

→ Lithuanian: papirosas

desctree

→ Russian: папиро́са (papirósa)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܦܲܦܪܘܿܙܵܐ (paprōzā)
→ Azerbaijani: papiros
→ English: papirosa
→ Georgian: პაპიროსი (ṗaṗirosi)
→ Kazakh: папирос (papiros)
→ Turkmen: papiros
→ Tuvan: папирос (papiros)

desc

→ Ukrainian: папіро́с (papirós), папіро́са (papirósa)

→ Yiddish: פּאַפּיראָס (papiros)

From papier + -os, with the ending probably by analogy with Spanish cigarros.


psica

psica (nominative singular)
psice (nominative plural)
psicy (genitive singular)
psic (genitive plural)
psicy (dative singular)
psicom (dative plural)
psicę (accusative singular)
psice (accusative plural)
psicą (instrumental singular)
psicami (instrumental plural)
psicy (locative singular)
psicach (locative plural)
psico (singular vocative)
psice (plural vocative)


tygrys

pl-noun

tygrys m animal (female equivalent tygrysica or tygrzyca, diminutive tygrysek, related adjective tygrysi or tygrysowy)

tygrysica (feminine)
tygrzyca (feminine)
tygrysek (diminutive)
tygrysi (adjective)
tygrysowy (adjective)
tygrys (nominative singular)
tygrysy (nominative plural)
tygrysa (genitive singular)
tygrysów (genitive plural)
tygrysowi (dative singular)
tygrysom (dative plural)
tygrysa (accusative singular)
tygrysy (accusative plural)
tygrysem (instrumental singular)
tygrysami (instrumental plural)
tygrysie (locative singular)
tygrysach (locative plural)
tygrysie (singular vocative)
tygrysy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tigris. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English tiger. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from German Tiger.

sl

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


królik

pl-noun

królik m animal (female equivalent królica, diminutive króliczek, augmentative królisko, related adjective króliczy or królikowy)

królica (feminine)
króliczek (diminutive)
królisko (augmentative)
króliczy (adjective)
królikowy (adjective)
królik (nominative singular)
króliki (nominative plural)
królika (genitive singular)
królików (genitive plural)
królikowi (dative singular)
królikom (dative plural)
królika (accusative singular)
króliki (accusative plural)
królikiem (instrumental singular)
królikami (instrumental plural)
króliku (locative singular)
królikach (locative plural)
króliku (singular vocative)
króliki (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: кро́ликъ (królik)
Belarusian: кро́лік (królik)
⇒ Belarusian: кроль (krolʹ), крыль (krylʹ) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: кро́лик (królyk)
⇒ Ukrainian: кріль (krilʹ); кроль (krolʹ) (dialectal)
→? Middle Russian: кро́ликъ (królik) (17ᵗʰ c.)
Russian: кро́лик (królik)
→ Bezhta: королик (korolik)
→ Ingrian: kroolikka
→ Karelian:
South Karelian: krollikka
→ Latvian: kraliņš

desc

→ Yiddish: קראָליק (krolik), קרוליק (krulik)

→? Yiddish: קיניגל (kinigl) (calque)

From król + -ik. Calque of Middle High German küniklīn, küniglin, künlin, from a folk etymological interpretation of Old French connil. Compare Czech králík, Lower Sorbian kralik, Slovak králik.

cal

Czarno-biały królik błąkał się przed blokiem na zaśnieżonej trawie na łódzkim Widzewie. Pomogli dwaj chłopcy, którzy zadzwonili po Animal Patrol. „Wielkie brawa” – mówią strażnicy miejscy.

2024 January 19, Joanna Chrzanowska, “Królik przed blokiem na osiedlu. Uratowali go dwaj chłopcy”, in tulodz.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25:

A black and white rabbit was wandering in front of a block of flats on the snowy grass in Lodz's Widzew district. Two boys who called Animal Patrol came to the rescue. “A big round of applause for the boys,” say city guards.

rabbit, cony (any mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs, and a short, fluffy tail)


lew

pl-noun

lew m animal (female equivalent lwica, diminutive lewek, augmentative lwisko)

lwica (feminine)
lewek (diminutive)
lwisko (augmentative)
lew (nominative singular)
lwy (nominative plural)
lwa (genitive singular)
lwów (genitive plural)
lwu (dative singular)
lwom (dative plural)
lwa (accusative singular)
lwy (accusative plural)
lwem (instrumental singular)
lwami (instrumental plural)
lwie (locative singular)
lwach (locative plural)
lwie (singular vocative)
lwy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, probably via a Germanic language, from Latin leō. Doublet of Leon.


gach

gach (nominative singular)
gachy (nominative plural)
gacha (genitive singular)
gachów (genitive plural)
gachowi (dative singular)
gachom (dative plural)
gacha (accusative singular)
gachy (accusative plural)
gachem (instrumental singular)
gachami (instrumental plural)
gachu (locative singular)
gachach (locative plural)
gachu (singular vocative)
gachy (plural vocative)


lwica

lew (masculine)
lwica (nominative singular)
lwice (nominative plural)
lwicy (genitive singular)
lwic (genitive plural)
lwicy (dative singular)
lwicom (dative plural)
lwicę (accusative singular)
lwice (accusative plural)
lwicą (instrumental singular)
lwicami (instrumental plural)
lwicy (locative singular)
lwicach (locative plural)
lwico (singular vocative)
lwice (plural vocative)


żabka

żabka (nominative singular)
żabki (nominative plural)
żabki (genitive singular)
żabek (genitive plural)
żabce (dative singular)
żabkom (dative plural)
żabkę (accusative singular)
żabki (accusative plural)
żabką (instrumental singular)
żabkami (instrumental plural)
żabce (locative singular)
żabkach (locative plural)
żabko (singular vocative)
żabki (plural vocative)

(shoemaking)
(veterinary medicine)
(Przemyśl) part of a hubcap


szczur

szczur m animal (female equivalent szczurzyca, diminutive szczurek)

szczurzyca (feminine)
szczurek (diminutive)
szczur (nominative singular)
szczury (nominative plural)
szczura (genitive singular)
szczurów (genitive plural)
szczurowi (dative singular)
szczurom (dative plural)
szczura (accusative singular)
szczury (accusative plural)
szczurem (instrumental singular)
szczurami (instrumental plural)
szczurze (locative singular)
szczurach (locative plural)
szczurze (singular vocative)
szczury (plural vocative)

→ Latgalian: žurka

→ Latvian: žurka

→ Lithuanian: žiurkė

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ščurъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skjauras.

szur

Central Greater Poland, Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia


kloaka

kloaka f (related adjective kloaczny or kloakowy)

kloaczny (adjective)
kloakowy (adjective)
kloaka (nominative singular)
kloaki (nominative plural)
kloaki (genitive singular)
kloak (genitive plural)
kloace (dative singular)
kloakom (dative plural)
kloakę (accusative singular)
kloaki (accusative plural)
kloaką (instrumental singular)
kloakami (instrumental plural)
kloace (locative singular)
kloakach (locative plural)
kloako (singular vocative)
kloaki (plural vocative)

cloaca (duct in reptiles, amphibians, and birds, as well as most fish and some mammals, which serves as the common outlet for urination, defecation, and reproduction)


tytoń

tytoń m inan (related adjective tytoniowy)

tytoniowy (adjective)
tytoń (nominative singular)
tytonie (nominative plural)
tytoniu (genitive singular)
tytoni (genitive plural)
tytoniów (genitive plural)
tytoniowi (dative singular)
tytoniom (dative plural)
tytoń (accusative singular)
tytonie (accusative plural)
tytoniem (instrumental singular)
tytoniami (instrumental plural)
tytoniu (locative singular)
tytoniach (locative plural)
tytoniu (singular vocative)
tytonie (plural vocative)

(countable) tobacco (any plant of the genus Nicotiana)

(uncountable) tobacco (leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing)


pusia

pusia (nominative singular)
pusie (nominative plural)
pusi (genitive singular)
pusi (genitive plural)
pusi (dative singular)
pusiom (dative plural)
pusię (accusative singular)
pusie (accusative plural)
pusią (instrumental singular)
pusiami (instrumental plural)
pusi (locative singular)
pusiach (locative plural)
pusio (singular vocative)
pusie (plural vocative)

(figurative, endearing, euphemistic) pussy (female genitalia)


knur

knurek (diminutive)
knur (nominative singular)
knury (nominative plural)
knura (genitive singular)
knurów (genitive plural)
knurowi (dative singular)
knurom (dative plural)
knura (accusative singular)
knury (accusative plural)
knurem (instrumental singular)
knurami (instrumental plural)
knurze (locative singular)
knurach (locative plural)
knurze (singular vocative)
knury (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъnorzъ. Doublet of kiernoz.

boar (uncastrated male pig kept for reproduction)


pelikan

pelikan m animal (female equivalent pelikanica, diminutive pelikanik, related adjective pelikanowy)

pelikanica (feminine)
pelikanik (diminutive)
pelikanowy (adjective)
pelikan (nominative singular)
pelikany (nominative plural)
pelikana (genitive singular)
pelikanów (genitive plural)
pelikanowi (dative singular)
pelikanom (dative plural)
pelikana (accusative singular)
pelikany (accusative plural)
pelikanem (instrumental singular)
pelikanami (instrumental plural)
pelikanie (locative singular)
pelikanach (locative plural)
pelikanie (singular vocative)
pelikany (plural vocative)

pelican (any seabird of the family Pelecanidae)

(derogatory, politics, slang) person considered to be uncritically supporting the ruling party in Poland after the 2015 elections and accepting its arguments and propaganda messages without any objections

(colloquial, in the plural) flabby, sagging skin of the arms, especially visible when spread horizontally


szlug

szlug (nominative singular)
szlugi (nominative plural)
szluga (genitive singular)
szlugów (genitive plural)
szlugowi (dative singular)
szlugom (dative plural)
szluga (accusative singular)
szlugi (accusative plural)
szlugiem (instrumental singular)
szlugami (instrumental plural)
szlugu (locative singular)
szlugach (locative plural)
szlugu (singular vocative)
szlugi (plural vocative)


wieprz

wieprz m animal (diminutive wieprzek or wieprzak)

wieprzek (diminutive)
wieprzak (diminutive)
wieprz (nominative singular)
wieprze (nominative plural)
wieprza (genitive singular)
wieprzy (genitive plural)
wieprzów (genitive plural)
wieprzowi (dative singular)
wieprzom (dative plural)
wieprza (accusative singular)
wieprze (accusative plural)
wieprzem (instrumental singular)
wieprzami (instrumental plural)
wieprzu (locative singular)
wieprzach (locative plural)
wieprzu (singular vocative)
wieprze (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wieprz, from Proto-Slavic *veprь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *weprios. Cognate with Lower Sorbian wjapś, Upper Sorbian wjapř, Czech vepř, Russian вепрь (veprʹ), Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ).

barrow, hog; a male, usually castrated, pig kept for its meat


lampart

lampart m animal (female equivalent lamparcica, related adjective lamparci or lampartowy)

lamparcica (feminine)
lamparci (adjective)
lampartowy (adjective)
lampart (nominative singular)
lamparty (nominative plural)
lamparta (genitive singular)
lampartów (genitive plural)
lampartowi (dative singular)
lampartom (dative plural)
lamparta (accusative singular)
lamparty (accusative plural)
lampartem (instrumental singular)
lampartami (instrumental plural)
lamparcie (locative singular)
lampartach (locative plural)
lamparcie (singular vocative)
lamparty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: lampart

→ Yiddish: לעמפּערט (lempert)

Inherited from Old Polish leward, lewart. Compare Czech levhart. Doublet of leopard.

inh+

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual


marycha

marycha (nominative singular)
marychy (genitive singular)
marysze (dative singular)
marychę (accusative singular)
marychą (instrumental singular)
marysze (locative singular)
marycho (singular vocative)


haszysz

pl-noun

haszysz m inan (related adjective haszyszowy)

haszyszowy (adjective)
haszysz (nominative singular)
haszyszu (genitive singular)
haszyszowi (dative singular)
haszysz (accusative singular)
haszyszem (instrumental singular)
haszyszu (locative singular)
haszyszu (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English hashish, French haschich, German Haschisch, ultimately from Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš).

der

Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš)

hashish (dried leaves of the Indian hemp plant)


winnica

winniczka (diminutive)
winnica (nominative singular)
winnice (nominative plural)
winnicy (genitive singular)
winnic (genitive plural)
winnicy (dative singular)
winnicom (dative plural)
winnicę (accusative singular)
winnice (accusative plural)
winnicą (instrumental singular)
winnicami (instrumental plural)
winnicy (locative singular)
winnicach (locative plural)
winnico (singular vocative)
winnice (plural vocative)


kangur

pl-noun

kangur m animal (female equivalent kangurzyca, diminutive kangurek)

kangurzyca (feminine)
kangurek (diminutive)
kangur (nominative singular)
kangury (nominative plural)
kangura (genitive singular)
kangurów (genitive plural)
kangurowi (dative singular)
kangurom (dative plural)
kangura (accusative singular)
kangury (accusative plural)
kangurem (instrumental singular)
kangurami (instrumental plural)
kangurze (locative singular)
kangurach (locative plural)
kangurze (singular vocative)
kangury (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: kangùr

Borrowed from French kangourou, from English kangaroo, from Guugu Yimidhirr gangurru.


zając

zając m animal (female equivalent zajęczyca, diminutive zajączek, augmentative zajączysko, related adjective zajęczy)

zajęczyca (feminine)
zajączek (diminutive)
zajączysko (augmentative)
zajęczy (adjective)
zając (nominative singular)
zające (nominative plural)
zająca (genitive singular)
zajęcy (genitive plural)
zająców (genitive plural)
zającowi (dative singular)
zającom (dative plural)
zająca (accusative singular)
zające (accusative plural)
zającem (instrumental singular)
zającami (instrumental plural)
zającu (locative singular)
zającach (locative plural)
zającu (singular vocative)
zające (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zając, from Proto-Slavic *zajęcь.

Zające mogą pojawić się w ogrodach i sadach, ale najczęściej wtedy, gdy są zlokalizowane w pobliżu łąk i lasów, czyli naturalnych siedlisk tych stworzeń. Cel ataków wybierają wtedy, kiedy w swoim otoczeniu nie mają możliwości znalezienia pokarmu, więc przymuszone głodem mogą wyrządzić dość znaczące szkody. Jak poznać, że akurat zające niszczą drzewka owocowe? Sygnałem ostrzegawczym są pozbawione kory pnie drzew, które te zwierzęta dokładnie obgryzają, i może się zdarzyć również tak, że żarłoczne stworzenia zjadają młodsze pędy i gałązki, które zlokalizowane są do wysokości metra.

2023 December 16, Tomasz Hirkyj, “Skubią drzewka zimą. W sezonie uszate szkodniki pozbawią cię plonów”, in interia.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-25:

Hares can appear in gardens and orchards, but most often when they are located near meadows and forests, the natural habitats of these creatures. They choose the target of attacks when they have no opportunity to find food in their surroundings, so, forced by hunger, they can cause quite significant damage. How do you know that hares are destroying fruit trees? Warning signals are tree trunks without bark, which these animals thoroughly bite, and these voracious creatures can also eat younger shoots and twigs, which are located up to a meter high.

hare, jackrabbit (any lagomorph of the genus Lepus)


szczęka

szczęka (nominative singular)
szczęki (nominative plural)
szczęki (genitive singular)
szczęk (genitive plural)
szczęce (dative singular)
szczękom (dative plural)
szczękę (accusative singular)
szczęki (accusative plural)
szczęką (instrumental singular)
szczękami (instrumental plural)
szczęce (locative singular)
szczękach (locative plural)
szczęko (singular vocative)
szczęki (plural vocative)

/ˈʂt͡ʂɛŋ.ka/

sztuczna szczęka

mandible, one of a pair of mouthparts of an arthropod designed for holding food


żuchwa

żuchwa (nominative singular)
żuchwy (nominative plural)
żuchwy (genitive singular)
żuchw (genitive plural)
żuchwie (dative singular)
żuchwom (dative plural)
żuchwę (accusative singular)
żuchwy (accusative plural)
żuchwą (instrumental singular)
żuchwami (instrumental plural)
żuchwie (locative singular)
żuchwach (locative plural)
żuchwo (singular vocative)
żuchwy (plural vocative)

From dialectal Proto-Slavic *žuxъva, from *žuxati + *-ъva.

(anatomy) the mandible of a jawed vertebrate


szympans

szympans m animal (female equivalent szympansica, related adjective szympansi)

szympansica (feminine)
szympansi (adjective)
szympans (nominative singular)
szympansy (nominative plural)
szympansa (genitive singular)
szympansów (genitive plural)
szympansowi (dative singular)
szympansom (dative plural)
szympansa (accusative singular)
szympansy (accusative plural)
szympansem (instrumental singular)
szympansami (instrumental plural)
szympansie (locative singular)
szympansach (locative plural)
szympansie (singular vocative)
szympansy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English chimpanzee, French chimpanzé, German Schimpanse, ultimately from an unspecified Bantu language of Angola.

chimpanzee (any hominid of the genus Pan)


kieł

kieł (nominative singular)
kły (nominative plural)
kła (genitive singular)
kłów (genitive plural)
kłowi (dative singular)
kłom (dative plural)
kieł (accusative singular)
kły (accusative plural)
kłem (instrumental singular)
kłami (instrumental plural)
kle (locative singular)
kłach (locative plural)
kle (singular vocative)
kły (plural vocative)


kanar

kanarek (diminutive)
kanar (nominative singular)
kanarzy (nominative plural)
kanary (derogatory nominative plural)
kanara (genitive singular)
kanarów (genitive plural)
kanarowi (dative singular)
kanarom (dative plural)
kanara (accusative singular)
kanarów (accusative plural)
kanarem (instrumental singular)
kanarami (instrumental plural)
kanarze (locative singular)
kanarach (locative plural)
kanarze (singular vocative)
kanarzy (plural vocative)

Back-formation from kanarek, from the canary yellow color which was used on the hat brims of the ticket inspectors.

(colloquial) chopper (ticket inspector in public transport)

(colloquial, historical) military police officer in Poland before World War II, with a yellow clothing item


kanar

kanar m inan (related adjective kanarowy)

kanarowy (adjective)
kanar (nominative singular)
kanary (nominative plural)
kanaru (genitive singular)
kanarów (genitive plural)
kanarowi (dative singular)
kanarom (dative plural)
kanar (accusative singular)
kanary (accusative plural)
kanarem (instrumental singular)
kanarami (instrumental plural)
kanarze (locative singular)
kanarach (locative plural)
kanarze (singular vocative)
kanary (plural vocative)

Phalaris canariensis
Wikispecies:Phalaris canariensis


paliwo

paliwowy (adjective)
paliwo (nominative singular)
paliwa (nominative plural)
paliwa (genitive singular)
paliw (genitive plural)
paliwu (dative singular)
paliwom (dative plural)
paliwo (accusative singular)
paliwa (accusative plural)
paliwem (instrumental singular)
paliwami (instrumental plural)
paliwie (locative singular)
paliwach (locative plural)
paliwo (singular vocative)
paliwa (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: palëwò

From palić + -iwo. Calque of French combustible and German Brennstoff, coined with the widespread use of steam machines. First attested in 1783.

ref

Johann Wenzel Pol (1783) Neuverbesserte Böhmische Grammatik, mit all erforderlichen tüchtigen Grundsätzen, gut, und verläßlicher Rechtschreibung, Ableitung, und zufolge dieser verschiedener Bedeutung der böhmischen Wörter bewehrt... (in German), Trattner, page 316

(obsolete, humorous) tobacco (leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing)


trawieniec

trawieniec (nominative singular)
trawieńce (nominative plural)
trawieńca (genitive singular)
trawieńców (genitive plural)
trawieńcowi (dative singular)
trawieńcom (dative plural)
trawieniec (accusative singular)
trawieńce (accusative plural)
trawieńcem (instrumental singular)
trawieńcami (instrumental plural)
trawieńcu (locative singular)
trawieńcach (locative plural)
trawieńcu (singular vocative)
trawieńce (plural vocative)


klacz

ogier (masculine)
klacz (nominative singular)
klacze (nominative plural)
klaczy (genitive singular)
klaczy (genitive plural)
klaczy (dative singular)
klaczom (dative plural)
klacz (accusative singular)
klacze (accusative plural)
klaczą (instrumental singular)
klaczami (instrumental plural)
klaczy (locative singular)
klaczach (locative plural)
klaczy (singular vocative)
klacze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian кля́ча (kljáča) or Ukrainian кля́ча (kljáča), кляч (kljač), from Proto-Slavic *klęča, *klęčь.


fiołek

pl-noun

fiołek m inan (diminutive fiołeczek, augmentative fioł, related adjective fiołkowy)

fiołeczek (diminutive)
fioł (augmentative)
fiołkowy (adjective)
fiołek (nominative singular)
fiołki (nominative plural)
fiołka (genitive singular)
fiołków (genitive plural)
fiołkowi (dative singular)
fiołkom (dative plural)
fiołek (accusative singular)
fiołki (accusative plural)
fiołkiem (instrumental singular)
fiołkami (instrumental plural)
fiołku (locative singular)
fiołkach (locative plural)
fiołku (singular vocative)
fiołki (plural vocative)

violet gland (scent gland located at the base of the fox's tail)


dziób

dziób m inan (diminutive dziobek or dzióbek)

dziobek (diminutive)
dzióbek (diminutive)
dziób (nominative singular)
dzioby (nominative plural)
dzioba (genitive singular)
dziobów (genitive plural)
dziobowi (dative singular)
dziobom (dative plural)
dziób (accusative singular)
dzioby (accusative plural)
dziobem (instrumental singular)
dziobami (instrumental plural)
dziobie (locative singular)
dziobach (locative plural)
dziobie (singular vocative)
dzioby (plural vocative)
dziób (nominative singular)
dzióby (nominative plural)
dzióba (genitive singular)
dzióbów (genitive plural)
dzióbowi (dative singular)
dzióbom (dative plural)
dziób (accusative singular)
dzióby (accusative plural)
dzióbem (instrumental singular)
dzióbami (instrumental plural)
dzióbie (locative singular)
dzióbach (locative plural)
dzióbie (singular vocative)
dzióby (plural vocative)

beak, bill (structure projecting from a bird's face)

(colloquial, usually derogatory) trap, gob, piehole (person's mouth)

(Przemyśl) crank stock opening (hole into which a crank stock is placed)


gąsior

gąsior (nominative singular)
gąsiory (nominative plural)
gąsiora (genitive singular)
gąsiorów (genitive plural)
gąsiorowi (dative singular)
gąsiorom (dative plural)
gąsiora (accusative singular)
gąsiory (accusative plural)
gąsiorem (instrumental singular)
gąsiorami (instrumental plural)
gąsiorze (locative singular)
gąsiorach (locative plural)
gąsiorze (singular vocative)
gąsiory (plural vocative)


winorośl

winorośl (nominative singular)
winorośle (nominative plural)
winorośli (genitive singular)
winorośli (genitive plural)
winorośli (dative singular)
winoroślom (dative plural)
winorośl (accusative singular)
winorośle (accusative plural)
winoroślą (instrumental singular)
winoroślami (instrumental plural)
winorośli (locative singular)
winoroślach (locative plural)
winorośli (singular vocative)
winorośle (plural vocative)

(botany) grapevine (plant on which grapes grow)


gniady

gniady m animal (female equivalent gniada)

gniada (feminine)
gniady (nominative singular)
gniade (nominative plural)
gniadego (genitive singular)
gniadych (genitive plural)
gniademu (dative singular)
gniadym (dative plural)
gniadego (accusative singular)
gniade (accusative plural)
gniadym (instrumental singular)
gniadymi (instrumental plural)
gniadym (locative singular)
gniadych (locative plural)
gniady (singular vocative)
gniade (plural vocative)

(nominalized) bay horse (horse of a reddish-brown colour)


blant

blant (nominative singular)
blanty (nominative plural)
blanta (genitive singular)
blantów (genitive plural)
blantowi (dative singular)
blantom (dative plural)
blanta (accusative singular)
blanty (accusative plural)
blantem (instrumental singular)
blantami (instrumental plural)
blancie (locative singular)
blantach (locative plural)
blancie (singular vocative)
blanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English blunt, from Middle English blunt, blont, from Old English *blunt.

jarać/palić blanty

(slang) blunt (cigar filled with marijuana)


policzek

policzek (nominative singular)
policzki (nominative plural)
policzka (genitive singular)
policzków (genitive plural)
policzkowi (dative singular)
policzkom (dative plural)
policzek (accusative singular)
policzki (accusative plural)
policzkiem (instrumental singular)
policzkami (instrumental plural)
policzku (locative singular)
policzkach (locative plural)
policzku (singular vocative)
policzki (plural vocative)


rottweiler

rottweiler m animal (female equivalent rottweilerka)

rottweilerka (feminine)
rottweiler (nominative singular)
rottweilery (nominative plural)
rottweilera (genitive singular)
rottweilerów (genitive plural)
rottweilerowi (dative singular)
rottweilerom (dative plural)
rottweilera (accusative singular)
rottweilery (accusative plural)
rottweilerem (instrumental singular)
rottweilerami (instrumental plural)
rottweilerze (locative singular)
rottweilerach (locative plural)
rottweilerze (singular vocative)
rottweilery (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Rottweiler.


nikotyna

pl-noun

nikotyna f (related adjective nikotynowy)

nikotynowy (adjective)
nikotyna (nominative singular)
nikotyny (genitive singular)
nikotynie (dative singular)
nikotynę (accusative singular)
nikotyną (instrumental singular)
nikotynie (locative singular)
nikotyno (singular vocative)

nicotine (alkaloid (C10H14N2), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant; in small doses, it is a habit-forming stimulant; in larger doses, it is toxic and is often used in insecticides)


zioło

ziółko (diminutive)
zioło (nominative singular)
zioła (nominative plural)
zioła (genitive singular)
ziół (genitive plural)
ziołu (dative singular)
ziołom (dative plural)
zioło (accusative singular)
zioła (accusative plural)
ziołem (instrumental singular)
ziołami (instrumental plural)
ziole (locative singular)
ziołach (locative plural)
zioło (singular vocative)
zioła (plural vocative)


fajka

fajka f (diminutive fajeczka, augmentative faja or fajczysko, related adjective fajkowy)

fajeczka (diminutive)
faja (augmentative)
fajczysko (augmentative)
fajkowy (adjective)
fajka (nominative singular)
fajki (nominative plural)
fajki (genitive singular)
fajek (genitive plural)
fajce (dative singular)
fajkom (dative plural)
fajkę (accusative singular)
fajki (accusative plural)
fajką (instrumental singular)
fajkami (instrumental plural)
fajce (locative singular)
fajkach (locative plural)
fajko (singular vocative)
fajki (plural vocative)

tobacco pipe (small, hand-held device in its simplest form consisting of a bowl and stem; used for inhaling the smoke of burning tobacco)


pojedynek

pojedynek m inan (related adjective pojedynkowy)

pojedynkowy (adjective)
pojedynek (nominative singular)
pojedynki (nominative plural)
pojedynku (genitive singular)
pojedynków (genitive plural)
pojedynkowi (dative singular)
pojedynkom (dative plural)
pojedynek (accusative singular)
pojedynki (accusative plural)
pojedynkiem (instrumental singular)
pojedynkami (instrumental plural)
pojedynku (locative singular)
pojedynkach (locative plural)
pojedynku (singular vocative)
pojedynki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pojedzinek. By surface analysis, univerbation of po jedynemu + -ek.

surf

Sicut vitta coccinea labia tua/ yako thoczenica Vel. yedvabnica: poyedzynek: Theſzmija [lege: taśma]: ranthvek: podvyka czyrvona

1549, I. Kwilecka, editor, Brulion przekładu pierwszych trzech ksiąg Biblii pióra Tomasza ze Zbrudzewa, published 1971-1995, page Cant 4/3:

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


kastrat

kastrat (nominative singular)
kastraty (nominative plural)
kastrata (genitive singular)
kastratów (genitive plural)
kastratowi (dative singular)
kastratom (dative plural)
kastrata (accusative singular)
kastraty (accusative plural)
kastratem (instrumental singular)
kastratami (instrumental plural)
kastracie (locative singular)
kastratach (locative plural)
kastracie (singular vocative)
kastraty (plural vocative)


kastrat

kastrat (nominative singular)
kastraci (nominative plural)
kastrata (genitive singular)
kastratów (genitive plural)
kastratowi (dative singular)
kastratom (dative plural)
kastrata (accusative singular)
kastratów (accusative plural)
kastratem (instrumental singular)
kastratami (instrumental plural)
kastracie (locative singular)
kastratach (locative plural)
kastracie (singular vocative)
kastraci (plural vocative)

(historical, singing) castrato (male soprano or alto voice)


tygrysica

tygrys (masculine)
tygrysica (nominative singular)
tygrysice (nominative plural)
tygrysicy (genitive singular)
tygrysic (genitive plural)
tygrysicy (dative singular)
tygrysicom (dative plural)
tygrysicę (accusative singular)
tygrysice (accusative plural)
tygrysicą (instrumental singular)
tygrysicami (instrumental plural)
tygrysicy (locative singular)
tygrysicach (locative plural)
tygrysico (singular vocative)
tygrysice (plural vocative)


winogronowy

pl-adj

winogronowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

winogronowy (masculine nominative singular)
winogronowa (feminine nominative singular)
winogronowe (neuter nominative singular)
winogronowi (nominative plural virile)
winogronowe (nominative plural)
winogronowego (genitive masculine singular)
winogronowej (feminine genitive singular)
winogronowego (genitive neuter singular)
winogronowych (genitive plural)
winogronowych (genitive plural virile)
winogronowemu (dative masculine singular)
winogronowej (dative feminine singular)
winogronowemu (dative neuter singular)
winogronowym (dative plural)
winogronowym (dative plural virile)
winogronowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
winogronowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
winogronową (accusative feminine singular)
winogronowe (accusative neuter singular)
winogronowych (accusative plural virile)
winogronowe (accusative plural)
winogronowym (instrumental masculine singular)
winogronową (feminine instrumental singular)
winogronowym (instrumental neuter singular)
winogronowymi (instrumental plural)
winogronowymi (instrumental plural virile)
winogronowym (locative masculine singular)
winogronowej (feminine locative singular)
winogronowym (locative neuter singular)
winogronowych (locative plural)
winogronowych (locative plural virile)


ichtiopatologia

ichtiopatologia (nominative singular)
ichtiopatologii (genitive singular)
ichtiopatologii (dative singular)
ichtiopatologię (accusative singular)
ichtiopatologią (instrumental singular)
ichtiopatologii (locative singular)
ichtiopatologio (singular vocative)


krówka

krówka (nominative singular)
krówki (nominative plural)
krówki (genitive singular)
krówek (genitive plural)
krówce (dative singular)
krówkom (dative plural)
krówkę (accusative singular)
krówki (accusative plural)
krówką (instrumental singular)
krówkami (instrumental plural)
krówce (locative singular)
krówkach (locative plural)
krówko (singular vocative)
krówki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) large bottle of vodka (0.7 litre or more)


kurka

kureczka (diminutive)
kurka (nominative singular)
kurki (nominative plural)
kurki (genitive singular)
kurek (genitive plural)
kurce (dative singular)
kurkom (dative plural)
kurkę (accusative singular)
kurki (accusative plural)
kurką (instrumental singular)
kurkami (instrumental plural)
kurce (locative singular)
kurkach (locative plural)
kurko (singular vocative)
kurki (plural vocative)

(Żywiec, in the plural) hen night (party at the bride's residence on the eve of the wedding)


samiec

pl-noun

samiec m animal (female equivalent samica, diminutive samczyk, related adjective samczy)

samica (feminine)
samczyk (diminutive)
samczy (adjective)
samiec (nominative singular)
samce (nominative plural)
samca (genitive singular)
samców (genitive plural)
samcowi (dative singular)
samcom (dative plural)
samca (accusative singular)
samce (accusative plural)
samcem (instrumental singular)
samcami (instrumental plural)
samcu (locative singular)
samcach (locative plural)
samcu (singular vocative)
samce (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samьcь. By surface analysis, sam + -iec.


samiec

samiec (nominative singular)
samce (nominative plural)
samca (genitive singular)
samców (genitive plural)
samcowi (dative singular)
samcom (dative plural)
samca (accusative singular)
samców (accusative plural)
samcem (instrumental singular)
samcami (instrumental plural)
samcu (locative singular)
samcach (locative plural)
samcu (singular vocative)
samcze (singular vocative)
samce (plural vocative)


macka

macka (nominative singular)
macki (nominative plural)
macki (genitive singular)
macek (genitive plural)
macce (dative singular)
mackom (dative plural)
mackę (accusative singular)
macki (accusative plural)
macką (instrumental singular)
mackami (instrumental plural)
macce (locative singular)
mackach (locative plural)
macko (singular vocative)
macki (plural vocative)


kurek

kurek (nominative singular)
kurki (nominative plural)
kurka (genitive singular)
kurków (genitive plural)
kurkowi (dative singular)
kurkom (dative plural)
kurek (accusative singular)
kurki (accusative plural)
kurkiem (instrumental singular)
kurkami (instrumental plural)
kurku (locative singular)
kurkach (locative plural)
kurku (singular vocative)
kurki (plural vocative)

Cantharellus cibarius
Cantharellus cibarius#Translingual

(colloquial) chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius)


truteń

truteń (nominative singular)
trutnie (nominative plural)
trutnia (genitive singular)
trutni (genitive plural)
trutniowi (dative singular)
trutniom (dative plural)
trutnia (accusative singular)
trutnie (accusative plural)
trutniem (instrumental singular)
trutniami (instrumental plural)
trutniu (locative singular)
trutniach (locative plural)
trutniu (singular vocative)
trutnie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trǫtьňь, *trutьňь, from *trǫtъ,whence Old Polish trant, trąd.


konopie

pl-noun

konopie nvir pl (related adjective konopny or konopiowy or konopiany)

konopny (adjective)
konopiowy (adjective)
konopiany (adjective)
konopie (nominative plural)
konopi (genitive plural)
konopiom (dative plural)
konopie (accusative plural)
konopiami (instrumental plural)
konopiach (locative plural)
konopie (plural vocative)

marijuana (inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect)


płetwa

płetwa f (diminutive płetewka, related adjective płetwowy)

płetewka (diminutive)
płetwowy (adjective)
płetwa (nominative singular)
płetwy (nominative plural)
płetwy (genitive singular)
płetw (genitive plural)
płetwie (dative singular)
płetwom (dative plural)
płetwę (accusative singular)
płetwy (accusative plural)
płetwą (instrumental singular)
płetwami (instrumental plural)
płetwie (locative singular)
płetwach (locative plural)
płetwo (singular vocative)
płetwy (plural vocative)

Perhaps inherited from Old Polish plutwa.

(chiefly in the plural) swim fin, flipper (footwear used while swimming for more speed)


racica

racica (nominative singular)
racice (nominative plural)
racicy (genitive singular)
racic (genitive plural)
racicy (dative singular)
racicom (dative plural)
racicę (accusative singular)
racice (accusative plural)
racicą (instrumental singular)
racicami (instrumental plural)
racicy (locative singular)
racicach (locative plural)
racico (singular vocative)
racice (plural vocative)

From northern Proto-Slavic *ortica, from *ortь, from *orati.


trąd

trąd (nominative singular)
trądy (nominative plural)
trąda (genitive singular)
trądów (genitive plural)
trądowi (dative singular)
trądom (dative plural)
trąda (accusative singular)
trądy (accusative plural)
trądem (instrumental singular)
trądami (instrumental plural)
trądzie (locative singular)
trądach (locative plural)
trądzie (singular vocative)
trądy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish trąd, from Proto-Slavic *trǫtъ. Doublet of dron.


kokoszka

kokoszka (nominative singular)
kokoszki (nominative plural)
kokoszki (genitive singular)
kokoszek (genitive plural)
kokoszce (dative singular)
kokoszkom (dative plural)
kokoszkę (accusative singular)
kokoszki (accusative plural)
kokoszką (instrumental singular)
kokoszkami (instrumental plural)
kokoszce (locative singular)
kokoszkach (locative plural)
kokoszko (singular vocative)
kokoszki (plural vocative)

moorhen (any bird of the genus Gallinula)


ryj

ryjek (diminutive)
ryj (nominative singular)
ryje (nominative plural)
ryja (genitive singular)
ryjów (genitive plural)
ryjowi (dative singular)
ryjom (dative plural)
ryj (accusative singular)
ryje (accusative plural)
ryjem (instrumental singular)
ryjami (instrumental plural)
ryju (locative singular)
ryjach (locative plural)
ryju (singular vocative)
ryje (plural vocative)

snout (long, projecting nose, mouth and jaw of a beast)


pancerz

pancerzyk (diminutive)
pancerz (nominative singular)
pancerze (nominative plural)
pancerza (genitive singular)
pancerzy (genitive plural)
pancerzowi (dative singular)
pancerzom (dative plural)
pancerz (accusative singular)
pancerze (accusative plural)
pancerzem (instrumental singular)
pancerzami (instrumental plural)
pancerzu (locative singular)
pancerzach (locative plural)
pancerzu (singular vocative)
pancerze (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German panzier, panzir, panzer, from Old French pancier.

bor+

armour (natural protection possessed by an animal)


gołąbek

gołąbeczek (diminutive)
gołąbek (nominative singular)
gołąbki (nominative plural)
gołąbka (genitive singular)
gołąbków (genitive plural)
gołąbkowi (dative singular)
gołąbkom (dative plural)
gołąbek (accusative singular)
gołąbki (accusative plural)
gołąbkiem (instrumental singular)
gołąbkami (instrumental plural)
gołąbku (locative singular)
gołąbkach (locative plural)
gołąbku (singular vocative)
gołąbki (plural vocative)


acetonemia

acetonemia (nominative singular)
acetonemii (genitive singular)
acetonemii (dative singular)
acetonemię (accusative singular)
acetonemią (instrumental singular)
acetonemii (locative singular)
acetonemio (singular vocative)

From Latin acetum + -o- + -emia. First attested in 1888.

ref

Georges Dujardin-Beaumetz (1888) Higijena żywienia, page 152

(veterinary medicine) acetonemia (presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf)


łeb

łebek (diminutive)
łepek (diminutive)
łeb (nominative singular)
łby (nominative plural)
łba (genitive singular)
łbów (genitive plural)
łbu (dative singular)
łbom (dative plural)
łeb (accusative singular)
łby (accusative plural)
łbem (instrumental singular)
łbami (instrumental plural)
łbie (locative singular)
łbach (locative plural)
łbie (singular vocative)
łby (plural vocative)

(colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) nut, head


lotka

lotka (nominative singular)
lotki (nominative plural)
lotki (genitive singular)
lotek (genitive plural)
lotce (dative singular)
lotkom (dative plural)
lotkę (accusative singular)
lotki (accusative plural)
lotką (instrumental singular)
lotkami (instrumental plural)
lotce (locative singular)
lotkach (locative plural)
lotko (singular vocative)
lotki (plural vocative)


bokser

pl-noun

bokser m pers (female equivalent bokserka)

bokserka (feminine)
bokser (nominative singular)
bokserzy (nominative plural)
boksery (derogatory nominative plural)
boksera (genitive singular)
bokserów (genitive plural)
bokserowi (dative singular)
bokserom (dative plural)
boksera (accusative singular)
bokserów (accusative plural)
bokserem (instrumental singular)
bokserami (instrumental plural)
bokserze (locative singular)
bokserach (locative plural)
bokserze (singular vocative)
bokserzy (plural vocative)

(boxing) boxer, pugilist (participant in a boxing match)


bokser

bokser m animal (female equivalent bokserka)

bokserka (feminine)
bokser (nominative singular)
boksery (nominative plural)
boksera (genitive singular)
bokserów (genitive plural)
bokserowi (dative singular)
bokserom (dative plural)
boksera (accusative singular)
boksery (accusative plural)
bokserem (instrumental singular)
bokserami (instrumental plural)
bokserze (locative singular)
bokserach (locative plural)
bokserze (singular vocative)
boksery (plural vocative)


rocznica

rocznica f (related adjective rocznicowy)

rocznicowy (adjective)
rocznica (nominative singular)
rocznice (nominative plural)
rocznicy (genitive singular)
rocznic (genitive plural)
rocznicy (dative singular)
rocznicom (dative plural)
rocznicę (accusative singular)
rocznice (accusative plural)
rocznicą (instrumental singular)
rocznicami (instrumental plural)
rocznicy (locative singular)
rocznicach (locative plural)
rocznico (singular vocative)
rocznice (plural vocative)

Possibly inherited from Old Polish rocznica. However, the word may have been reinnovated. By surface analysis, roczny + -ica. Compare Kashubian rocznica.

(Middle Polish) female equivalent of roczniak (“yearling”) (one-year-old-animal)


głuszec

głuszec m animal (female equivalent głuszyca, related adjective głuszcowy)

głuszyca (feminine)
głuszcowy (adjective)
głuszec (nominative singular)
głuszce (nominative plural)
głuszca (genitive singular)
głuszców (genitive plural)
głuszcowi (dative singular)
głuszcom (dative plural)
głuszca (accusative singular)
głuszce (accusative plural)
głuszcem (instrumental singular)
głuszcami (instrumental plural)
głuszcu (locative singular)
głuszcach (locative plural)
głuszcu (singular vocative)
głuszce (plural vocative)

capercaillie (any bird of the genus Tetrao)

western capercaillie
western capercaillie

Eurasian capercaillie
Eurasian capercaillie

Tetrao urogallus
Tetrao urogallus#Translingual

capercaillie, western capercaillie, Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods (Tetrao urogallus)


kozioł

koziołek (diminutive)
kozioł (nominative singular)
kozły (nominative plural)
kozła (genitive singular)
kozłów (genitive plural)
kozłowi (dative singular)
kozłom (dative plural)
kozła (accusative singular)
kozły (accusative plural)
kozłem (instrumental singular)
kozłami (instrumental plural)
koźle (locative singular)
kozłach (locative plural)
koźle (singular vocative)
kozły (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish kozieł, from Proto-Slavic *kozьlъ. By surface analysis, koza + -oł. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from German Bock.


gryf

gryf (nominative singular)
gryfy (nominative plural)
gryfa (genitive singular)
gryfów (genitive plural)
gryfowi (dative singular)
gryfom (dative plural)
gryfa (accusative singular)
gryfy (accusative plural)
gryfem (instrumental singular)
gryfami (instrumental plural)
gryfie (locative singular)
gryfach (locative plural)
gryfie (singular vocative)
gryfy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish gryf. Displaced nóg.

griffin (mythical beast having the body of a lion and the wings and head of an eagle)

(heraldry, Middle Polish) griffin (depiction of a griffin)


gryf

gryf (nominative singular)
gryfy (nominative plural)
gryfu (genitive singular)
gryfów (genitive plural)
gryfowi (dative singular)
gryfom (dative plural)
gryf (accusative singular)
gryfy (accusative plural)
gryfem (instrumental singular)
gryfami (instrumental plural)
gryfie (locative singular)
gryfach (locative plural)
gryfie (singular vocative)
gryfy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French griffe (“talon”), from Middle French griffe, either deverbal from griffer, which see, or through an unattested Old French noun from Old High German grif, from Proto-Germanic *gripiz, which would make it a doublet of gryf (“grip”). First attested in 1807.

(obsolete) talon, claw (sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal)


gryf

Borrowed from French greffe (“scion”). First attested in the 19th century.

ref

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “gryf”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

(obsolete, horticulture) scion (detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense)


gruda

grudka (diminutive)
gruda (nominative singular)
grudy (nominative plural)
grudy (genitive singular)
grud (genitive plural)
grudzie (dative singular)
grudom (dative plural)
grudę (accusative singular)
grudy (accusative plural)
grudą (instrumental singular)
grudami (instrumental plural)
grudzie (locative singular)
grudach (locative plural)
grudo (singular vocative)
grudy (plural vocative)

mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis


samica

pl-noun

samica f (male equivalent samiec, diminutive samiczka, related adjective samiczy)

samiec (masculine)
samiczka (diminutive)
samiczy (adjective)
samica (nominative singular)
samice (nominative plural)
samicy (genitive singular)
samic (genitive plural)
samicy (dative singular)
samicom (dative plural)
samicę (accusative singular)
samice (accusative plural)
samicą (instrumental singular)
samicami (instrumental plural)
samicy (locative singular)
samicach (locative plural)
samico (singular vocative)
samice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samica. By surface analysis, sam + -ica.


pazur

pazurek (diminutive)
pazur (nominative singular)
pazury (nominative plural)
pazura (genitive singular)
pazurów (genitive plural)
pazurowi (dative singular)
pazurom (dative plural)
pazur (accusative singular)
pazury (accusative plural)
pazurem (instrumental singular)
pazurami (instrumental plural)
pazurze (locative singular)
pazurach (locative plural)
pazurze (singular vocative)
pazury (plural vocative)

(countable) tool with a sharp, flat end used for levering and pulling out nails


obrót

obrót (nominative singular)
obroty (nominative plural)
obrotu (genitive singular)
obrotów (genitive plural)
obrotowi (dative singular)
obrotom (dative plural)
obrót (accusative singular)
obroty (accusative plural)
obrotem (instrumental singular)
obrotami (instrumental plural)
obrocie (locative singular)
obrotach (locative plural)
obrocie (singular vocative)
obroty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvortъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrócić. First attested in 1535.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obrót”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable, obsolete, zootomy) animal's vertebra


szpon

szpon (nominative singular)
szpony (nominative plural)
szpona (genitive singular)
szponu (genitive singular)
szponów (genitive plural)
szponowi (dative singular)
szponom (dative plural)
szpon (accusative singular)
szpony (accusative plural)
szponem (instrumental singular)
szponami (instrumental plural)
szponie (locative singular)
szponach (locative plural)
szponie (singular vocative)
szpony (plural vocative)


basior

pl-noun

basior m animal (female equivalent basiora)

basiora (feminine)
basior (nominative singular)
basiory (nominative plural)
basiora (genitive singular)
basiorów (genitive plural)
basiorowi (dative singular)
basiorom (dative plural)
basiora (accusative singular)
basiory (accusative plural)
basiorem (instrumental singular)
basiorami (instrumental plural)
basiorze (locative singular)
basiorach (locative plural)
basiorze (singular vocative)
basiory (plural vocative)

From an uncertain root + -or. Various roots have been suggested, including bas due to the low quality of wolves' calls or from a dialectal stem bas- ("stomach").


indor

indor (nominative singular)
indory (nominative plural)
indora (genitive singular)
indorów (genitive plural)
indorowi (dative singular)
indorom (dative plural)
indora (accusative singular)
indory (accusative plural)
indorem (instrumental singular)
indorami (instrumental plural)
indorze (locative singular)
indorach (locative plural)
indorze (singular vocative)
indory (plural vocative)