nu

head

nu (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نوۡ)


de

de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)


be

be (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling بےۡ)


ba

ba (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بہ)

Marker with a (switch-)topic function (variously corresponding to 'and, however, instead, as for, but')


ban

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

Probably borrowed from Urdu بَنْد (band), from Persian بند (band).


so

so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)

From Sanskrit स ; सो (sa ; so, “nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that”).


bi

head

bi (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ)


las

las (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لس)


ni

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)


ta

ta (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling تہ)

Particle with different-subject marking function (variously corresponding to 'when, then, so (that), and')


ga

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).


ga

head

ga (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)


ga

Marker of inferred, assumed or presumed knowledge


se

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)


tu

tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)


-um

-áam

With a- and e-ending verb stems in Biori


maní

maní (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling منیۡ)


ee

ee (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling اے)

Conjoining marker cliticized to the first constituent


kam

kam (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کم)

Borrowed from Urdu کم (kam), from Persian کم (kam).


lo

lo (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لوۡ)


le

le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)

that, this (agr: dist fem / dist non-nom masc)


ma

From Sanskrit म (ma, “1sg (base of oblique cases)”).

inh

I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)

máa-

Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.


-a

-ée

Alternation with ái-a for ai-ending nouns


-a

Oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns)


-a

Masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix


-u

Masculine nominative/singular agreement suffix


tas

head

tas (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling تس)

From Sanskrit त (ta, “base of nom.sg.n., all obl.sg and all pl. forms of pron. and pronom. adj”).


tang

head

tang (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling تنگ)

Borrowed from Urdu تَنگ, from Classical Persian تَنگ.


ki

ki (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling کیۡ)


ki

Complementizer preceding extraposed complement clause


hum

hum (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling ہُم)


bas

From Urdu بس (bas), from Persian بس (bas, “enough”).


čo

From Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, “moves to and fro, retires”).


mung

From Sanskrit मुद्ग (mudga, “the bean Phaseolus mungo”).


xu

head

xu (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling خوۡ)


kir

From Sanskrit किरि (kiri, “scattering, heap”).


kursí

Borrowed from Urdu کُرْسِی (kursī), from Classical Persian کُرْسِی (kursī), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy).


har

From Urdu ہر (har), from Persian [Term?].


líka

head

líka (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لِکہ)


tus

tus (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling تُس)

From Sanskrit युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “pron. 2 pl”).


-am

Oblique plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)


-am

Instrumental suffix (with a-declension nouns)


dhun

دُھن (Perso-Arabic)
dhún (nominative singular)
dhuní (nominative plural)
dhuní (oblique singular)
dhuníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
Sanskrit अन्ध (andha)
Phalura dhun
Ultimately derived from Sanskrit *धूमान्ध (dhūmāndha, “dim-sighted”), from धूम (dhūma, “smoke”) + अन्ध (andha, “blind”). Cognate with Hindi धुंध (dhundh).


síla

head

síla (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سِلہ)

From Sanskrit सीव्यति (sīvyati, “sews”).


-í

Oblique case suffix (with i-declension nouns)


anís

anís (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِس)


marg

From Urdu مرگ (marg), from Persian مرگ (marg).


uts

From Sanskrit उत्स (utsa, “spring of water (masc)”).


šum

head

šum (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling شُم)

Borrowed from Urdu شُوم (śūm), from Arabic شُؤْم (šuʔm).


xox

xox (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling خوۡخ)


harf

From Urdu حرف (harf), from Arabic حَرْف (ḥarf).


píla

píla (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِلہ)


nis

nis (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِس)


darák

درک (Perso-Arabic)
darák (nominative singular)
darakí (nominative plural)
darakí (oblique singular)
darakíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَرْك (dark)bor.
Classical Persian دَرْک (dark)der.?
Phalura darák
Borrowed from Pashto دَرَک (darak, “trace, sign”), perhaps from Classical Persian دَرْک (dark, “perception”), from Arabic دَرْك (dark).


dhut

دُھت (Perso-Arabic)
dhút (nominative singular)
dhúta (nominative plural)
dhúta (oblique singular)
dhútam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (*dutta)
Phalura dhut
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (*dutta), perhaps from a variant of Sanskrit तुण्ड (tuṇḍa, “beak, trunk, snout”). Cognate with Dameli dut (“lip”), Kalami دُت (dut, “lip”), Wotapuri-Katarqalai [script needed] (dut, “mouth”), Torwali دُھوت (dhūt, “lip”), Shina [script needed] (dūt, “lip”), with no exact cognates found outside Shinaic and Kohistani languages.


-ée

Plural suffix (with ai-ending a-declension nouns)


-ée

Oblique case suffix (with ai-ending a-declension nouns)


síi

head

síi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سی)

From Sanskrit स्वपति (svapati, “sleeps”).


aní

aní (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انیۡ)


xat

From Urdu خط (xat), from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).


thée

thée (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling تھے)


abaí

ابئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
abaí (nominative singular)
abaím (nominative plural)
abaí (oblique singular)
abaím (oblique plural)


abás

abás (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ابس)

Etymology tree
Urdu اَبَس (abas)bor.
Phalura abás
Borrowed from Urdu اَبَس (abas).


dúi

head

dúi (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling دُئیۡ)

the other (out of two or more entities referred to)


dúi

From Sanskrit *दुतीय (dutīya, “second”), a later form of द्वितीय (dvitī́ya).


níi

níi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نی)

third-person singular genderless subject pronoun: he, she, it


ágar

ágar (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling اگر)

From Urdu اگر (agar), from Persian [Term?].


díi

díi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دی)


díi

díi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دی)


ڙ

The twentieth letter of the Palula abjad. https://omniglot.com/writing/palula.htm


ṣiṣ

ݜِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
ṣíṣ (nominative singular)
ṣiṣá (nominative plural)
ṣiṣá (oblique singular)
ṣiṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa)
Phalura ṣiṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa, “head, skull”).


muṭ

From Sanskrit *मुट्ठ (muṭṭha, “defective”).


putr

پُتر (Perso-Arabic)
pútr (nominative singular)
putrá (nominative plural)
putrá (oblique singular)
putróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Inherited from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra, “son”).


čhína

head

čhína (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھنہ)

From Sanskrit *छिन्दति (chindati, “cuts off, splits”).


khur

From Sanskrit खुर (khura, “hoof”). Cognate with Kashmiri کھۄر (khọr, “foot”).


gúum

head

gúum (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling گُوم)


šak

From Urdu شک (śak), from Arabic شَكّ (šakk).


dúna

dúna (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دُنہ)


wazíir

Borrowed from Urdu وَزِیر (vazīr), from Classical Persian وَزِیر (wazīr), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr).


biṣ

بِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
bíṣ (nominative singular)
biṣá (nominative plural)
biṣá (oblique singular)
biṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wisós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás
Sanskrit विष (viṣa)
Phalura biṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit विष (viṣá, “poison”).


bóor

head

bóor (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بور)

Borrowed from Urdu بور (bor), from English bore.


kií

kií (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کی)


áak

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas
Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas
Sanskrit एक (eka)
Phalura áak
From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).


šúša

head

šúša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling شُشہ)


míla

míla (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مِلہ)

From Sanskrit मिलति (milati, “meets, encounters”).


wáǰa

From Pashto [script needed] (waǰa), from Arabic حُجَّة (ḥujja).


súuri

From Sanskrit सूरिय (sūriya, “sun (masc)”).


laním

head

laním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لنِم)


ṣing

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-
Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga)
Phalura ṣing
Inherited from Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).


tóoru

توروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
tóoru (nominative singular)
tóora (nominative plural)
tóora (oblique singular)
tóoram (oblique plural)

From Sanskrit तारक (tāraka, “belonging to the stars”).


áaḍu

From Sanskrit अर्ध (ardha, “half (masc.neut)”).


buṭ

بُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
búṭ (nominative singular)
buṭá (nominative plural)
buṭá (oblique singular)
buṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.
Proto-Germanic *bautaną
Frankish *bautander.?
Old French botebor.
Middle English bote
English bootbor.
Urdu بُوٹ (būṭ)bor.
Phalura buṭ
Borrowed from Urdu بُوٹ (būṭ).


kučúru

head

kučúru m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُچُروۡ)

From Sanskrit *कुच्चुर (kuccura, “dog”).


damá

دمہ (Perso-Arabic)
damá (nominative singular)
dameé (nominative plural)
damá (oblique singular)
dameém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto دَمَه (dama, “rest”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *damH- (“to blow, breathe”) (whence Classical Persian دَم (dam, “breath”)).


bhróo

بھرو (Perso-Arabic)
bhróo (nominative singular)
bhraaú (nominative plural)
bhraaú (oblique singular)
bhraawóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”).


híṛu

head

híṛu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِڑوۡ)


bhruk

بھرُک (Perso-Arabic)
bhrúk (nominative singular)
bhrúka (nominative plural)
bhrúka (oblique singular)
bhrúkam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás
Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)
Phalura bhruk
Inherited from Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkká, “kidney”).


buuḍóo

head

buuḍóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈو)

to cause grievance (lit. make sb grow old)


heewaánd

heewaánd m (Perso-Arabic spelling ہیواند)

Inherited from Sanskrit हेमन्त (hemanta, “winter”).


ṣoṛíiš

From Sanskrit षोडशन् (ṣóḍaśan, “sixteen”).


basaánd

بساند (Perso-Arabic)
basaánd (nominative singular)
basandá (nominative plural)
basandá (oblique singular)
basandóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd
Inherited from Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta, “spring season”).

inh+

can also refer more specifically to the first part of spring (a 40-day period) when days are warmer and plants begin to grow and flowers blossom (appr. 1 Apr-10 May)


gháanu

head

gháanu (feminine ghéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling گھانوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact, firm, dense; densely filled, deep (of sound or colour)”).


aaghaá

آگھا (Perso-Arabic)
aaghaá (nominative singular)
aaghaaí (nominative plural)
aaghaaí (oblique singular)
aaghaaíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Inherited from Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”).


aaṣaáṛ

آݜاڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaáṛ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛí (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛí (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛíim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya, “pertaining to the month Āṣāḍha”), from आषाढ (āṣāḍha).


-áa

Infinitive suffix added to the verb root


-aá

Converb suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


aabaád

آباد (Perso-Arabic)
aabaád (nominative singular)
aabaadí (nominative plural)
aabaadí (oblique singular)
aabaadíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der.
Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt'
Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād)bor.
Urdu آباد (ābād)bor.
Phalura aabaád
Borrowed from Urdu آبَاد (ābād), from Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād).


áabru

From Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra, “cloud, rainy weather (n, rarely m)”).


áača

head

áača (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آچہ)

From Sanskrit अत्येति (atyeti, “comes upon, goes; enters”).


aac̣háaru

head

aac̣háaru m (Perso-Arabic spelling آڇھاروۡ)

آڇھاروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aac̣háaru (nominative singular)
aac̣háara (nominative plural)
aac̣háara (oblique singular)
aac̣háaram (oblique plural)

From Sanskrit *अक्षदारुक (akṣadāruka), made from अक्ष (akṣa, “Elaeocarpus angustifolius”) + दारु (dāru, “wood”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Dameli [script needed] (aṣkürṓ).


aaindá

From Urdu آئنده (āindā), from Persian [Term?].


aáǰ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁e
Proto-Indo-European *déy-s ~ dy-és
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás
Sanskrit अद्य (adya)
Phalura aáǰ
From Sanskrit अद्य (adya, “today”). Cognate with Kashmiri اَز (az, “today”).


aaǰíi baád

head

aaǰíi baád (Perso-Arabic spelling آجی باد)


aaǰíi niigiraá

aaǰíi niigiraá (Perso-Arabic spelling آجی نِیگِرا)


aaǰúku

aaǰúku (feminine aaǰúki, Perso-Arabic spelling آجُکوۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁e
Proto-Indo-European *déy-s ~ dy-és
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás
Sanskrit अद्य (adya)
Phalura aáǰ
Phalura -úk
Phalura aaǰúku
From aáǰ (“today”) + -úk.


áak thiáaḍu

head

áak thiáaḍu (Perso-Arabic spelling آک تِھئاڈوۡ)


aakaaghuúṛ

aakaaghuúṛ f (Perso-Arabic spelling آکاگُھوڑ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Sanskrit घुरति (ghurati)
Phalura aakaaghuúṛ
Compound of aaghaá (“sky”) + Sanskrit घुरति (ghurati, “to cry out”). The second component is uncertain; compare Hindi घुड़कना (ghuṛaknā, “to growl”).


aakatí

head

aakatí (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling آکتیۡ)


aalmaarí

aalmaarí f (Perso-Arabic spelling آلماریۡ)

آلماریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aalmaarí (nominative singular)
aalmaariá (nominative plural)
aalmaarí (oblique singular)
aalmaarióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmosder.
Latin arma
Latin -ārium
Latin armāriumbor.
Portuguese armáriobor.
Urdu اَلْمَارِی (almārī)bor.
Phalura aalmaarí
Borrowed from Urdu اَلْمَارِی (almārī).


aalúg

آلُگ (Perso-Arabic)
aalúg (nominative singular)
aalugaán (nominative plural)
aalugá (nominative plural)
aalugá (oblique singular)
aalugoóm (oblique plural)
aalugaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आलुक (āluka)
Urdu آلُو (ālū)bor.
Pashto الوbor.
Phalura aalúg
From Pashto الو (alu, “potato”), from Urdu آلُو (ālū, “potato”).


aám

head

aám (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عام)

Borrowed from Urdu عَامّ ('āmm), from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).


aambúr

آمبُر (Perso-Arabic)
aambúr (nominative singular)
aambúra (nominative plural)
aambúra (oblique singular)
aambúram (oblique plural)


aamburíi

aamburíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمبُری)

From Sanskrit *आमारयति (āmārayati, “rubs”).


aambúuṛu

aambúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling آمبُوڑوۡ)

آمبُوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aambúuṛu (nominative singular)
aambúuṛa (nominative plural)
aambúuṛa (oblique singular)
aambúuṛam (oblique plural)


aamúuṣa

aamúuṣa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمُوݜہ)

Inherited from Sanskrit आमृष्यते (āmṛṣyate), *आमृष्ट (āmṛṣṭa, “bears patiently”).


aamúuṣṭu

head

aamúuṣṭu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمُوݜٹوۡ)


-áan

-éen

When followed by feminine agreement suffix -i


-aán

Plural suffix (with aan-declension nouns)


-áand

Present tense suffix (with a closed class of (motion) verbs followed by masculine agreement suffix)


aandáaru

aandáaru m (Perso-Arabic spelling آنداروۡ)

آنداروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aandáaru (nominative singular)
aandáara (nominative plural)
aandáara (oblique singular)
aandáaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आन्त्र (āntra)
Phalura aandáaru
Inherited from Sanskrit आन्त्र (āntra, “entrail”).


áangu

From Sanskrit अन्क (anka, “hook (masc)”).


aaraám

آرام (Perso-Arabic)
aaraám (nominative singular)
aareemí (nominative plural)
aareemí (oblique singular)
aareemíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Indo-European *h₁rem-
Classical Persian آرَام (ārām)bor.
Urdu آرَام (ārām)bor.
Phalura aaraám
Borrowed from Urdu آرَام (ārām), from Classical Persian آرَام (ārām).


aaraám ki

head

aaraám ki (Perso-Arabic spelling آرام کیۡ)


aaraám thíi

aaraám thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling آرام تھی)


aarakiloóṛ

aarakiloóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آرہ کِلوڑ)

آرہ کِلوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aarakiloóṛ (nominative singular)
aarakilooṛá (nominative plural)
aarakilooṛá (oblique singular)
aarakilooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura óoru
Phalura kilúuṛu
Phalura aarakiloóṛ
Compound of óoru (“peach”) + kilúuṛu (“sapling”).


aaramúṭ

head

aaramúṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آرہ مُٹ)

آرہ مُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
aaramúṭ (nominative singular)
aaramuṭá (nominative plural)
aaramuṭá (oblique singular)
aaramuṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura óoru
Phalura muṭ
Phalura aaramúṭ
Compound of óoru (“peach”) + muṭ (“tree”).


aarúuṣṭi

head

aarúuṣṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling آرُوݜٹیۡ)

آرُوݜٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aarúuṣṭi (nominative singular)
aarúuṣṭim (nominative plural)
aarúuṣṭi (oblique singular)
aarúuṣṭim (oblique plural)


aarzaán

aarzaán (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ارزان)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárǰʰatider.
Classical Persian اَرْزَان (arzān)bor.
Pashto اَرْزَانbor.
Phalura aarzaán
Borrowed from Pashto اَرْزَان (arzân), from Classical Persian اَرْزَان (arzān).


aaṛaíǰa

head

aaṛaíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آڑئِجہ)


áašuṇ

From Sanskrit अशनि (aśani, “thunderbolt (fem)”).


aaṣaṛkiloóṛ

head

aaṣaṛkiloóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ کِلوڑ)

آݜڑ کِلوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaṛkiloóṛ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛkilooṛá (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛkilooṛá (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛkilooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura kilúuṛu
Phalura aaṣaṛkiloóṛ
Compound of aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + kilúuṛu (“sapling”).


aaṣaṛmúṭ

head

aaṣaṛmúṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ مُٹ)

آݜڑ مُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaṛmúṭ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛmuṭá (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛmuṭá (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛmuṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura muṭ
Phalura aaṣaṛmúṭ
Compound of aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + muṭ (“tree”).


aaṣaṛpéeči

head

aaṣaṛpéeči f (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ پیچیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura páača
Phalura -i
Phalura aaṣaṛpéeči
From aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + páača (“to ripen”) + -i.


aaṣaṛphúṇḍi

head

aaṣaṛphúṇḍi f (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ پُھنڈیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura aaṣaṛphúṇḍi
The first element is aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”).

etymon

season when the apricot flowers are in bloom


áaṣṭ bhišá

head

áaṣṭ bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜٹ بِھشہ)


aaṣúuṛu

aaṣúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜوڑوۡ)

آݜوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣúuṛu (nominative singular)
aaṣúuṛa (nominative plural)
aaṣúuṛa (oblique singular)
aaṣúuṛam (oblique plural)

a small brown bird usually found flying over fields


-áaṭ

Suffix added to verb stem to form agentive verbal noun


aawaáz

آواز (Perso-Arabic)
aawaáz (nominative singular)
aaweezí (nominative plural)
aaweezí (oblique singular)
aaweezíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu آوَاز (āvāz)bor.
Phalura aawaáz
Borrowed from Urdu آوَاز (āvāz), from Classical Persian آوَاز (āwāz).


aawaṛíi

head

aawaṛíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آوڑی)


aaweelíi

From Pashto [script needed] (aw-wal), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


aawíiṛu

aawíiṛu (feminine aawíiṛi, Perso-Arabic spelling آوِیڑوۡ)

aawíiṛi (feminine)
آوِیڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *wer-?
Sanskrit वृ (vṛ)
Sanskrit आवृ (āvṛ)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit आवृत (āvṛta)
Phalura aawíiṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit आवृत (āvṛta, “covered; surrounded”).


aaxér

From Urdu آخر (āxir), from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir).


aaxér kaár

head

aaxér kaár (Perso-Arabic spelling آخیۡر کار)


-áaya

First person plural suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


aayaát

آیات (Perso-Arabic)
aayaát (nominative singular)
aayeetí (nominative plural)
aayeetí (oblique singular)
aayeetíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Semitic *awayat-
Arabic آيَة (ʔāya)bor.
Classical Persian آیَه (āya)bor.
Urdu آیَت (āyat)bor.
Phalura aayaát
Borrowed from Urdu آیَت (āyat).


aaghaabáanu

head

aaghaabáanu (feminine aaghaabéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling آگھا بانوۡ)

aaghaabéeni (feminine)
آگھا بانوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas
Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa)
Phalura aaghaabáanu
From aaghaá (“sky”) + Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “appearance, colour, class”).


abás bhíi

head

abás bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ابس بھی)


abhíiṇi

abhíiṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ابِھیݨیۡ)

ابِھیݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
abhíiṇi (nominative singular)
abhíiṇim (nominative plural)
abhíiṇi (oblique singular)
abhíiṇim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (bən, “co-wife”).


ačíitu

head

ačíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اچِیتوۡ)


ac̣hibáaṛu

ac̣hibáaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھباڑوۡ)

اڇِھباڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hibáaṛu (nominative singular)
ac̣hibáaṛa (nominative plural)
ac̣hibáaṛa (oblique singular)
ac̣hibáaṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū)?
Phalura ac̣hibáaṛu
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element; compare Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū, “eyebrow”) (whence the compound अक्षिभ्रुव (akṣibhruva, “eyes and eyebrows”)).


ac̣hibéeṛi

head

ac̣hibéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھبیڑیۡ)

اڇِھبیڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hibéeṛi (nominative singular)
ac̣hibéeṛim (nominative plural)
ac̣hibéeṛi (oblique singular)
ac̣hibéeṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū)?
Phalura ac̣hibáaṛu
Phalura -i
Phalura ac̣hibéeṛi
From ac̣hibáaṛu (“eyebrow”) + -i.


ac̣híi

اڇھی (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣híi (nominative singular)
ac̣híia (nominative plural)
ac̣híia (oblique singular)
ac̣híiam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi, “eye”). Cognate with Kashmiri أچھ (ạch, “eye”).


ac̣híiwu

head

ac̣híiwu (feminine ac̣híiwi, Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھیوۡ)

ac̣híiwi (feminine)
اڇِھیوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi?
Phalura ac̣híiwu
Unknown. Perhaps derived from ac̣híi (“eye”).


ac̣hikhípi

head

ac̣hikhípi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھکِھپیۡ)

اڇِھکِھپیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hikhípi (nominative singular)
ac̣hikhípim (nominative plural)
ac̣hikhípi (oblique singular)
ac̣hikhípim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Phalura ac̣hikhípi
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element.


ac̣hikúi

head

ac̣hikúi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھکُئیۡ)

اڇِھکُئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hikúi (nominative singular)
ac̣hikúim (nominative plural)
ac̣hikúi (oblique singular)
ac̣hikúim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Phalura ac̣hikúi
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element.


ac̣hoóṛ

اڇھوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hoóṛ (nominative singular)
ac̣hooṛá (nominative plural)
ac̣hooṛá (oblique singular)
ac̣hooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa)
Phalura ac̣hoóṛ
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”).


ac̣hooṛpéeči

head

ac̣hooṛpéeči f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇھوڑ پیچیۡ)

اڇھوڑ پیچیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hooṛpéeči (nominative singular)
ac̣hooṛpéečim (nominative plural)
ac̣hooṛpéeči (oblique singular)
ac̣hooṛpéečim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa)
Phalura ac̣hoóṛ
Phalura páača
Phalura -i
Phalura ac̣hooṛpéeči
From ac̣hoóṛ (“walnut”) + páača (“to ripen”) + -i, literally "ripening of walnuts".

af

fourth month of summer (according to one traditional calendar)


ac̣húuṛi

head

ac̣húuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇُھوڑیۡ)

اڇُھوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣húuṛi (nominative singular)
ac̣húuṛim (nominative plural)
ac̣húuṛi (oblique singular)
ac̣húuṛim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


adáb

ادب (Perso-Arabic)
adáb (nominative singular)
adabí (nominative plural)
adabí (oblique singular)
adabíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَب (dab)bor.
Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab)bor.
Classical Persian اَدَب (adab)bor.
Urdu اَدَب (adab)bor.
Phalura adáb
Borrowed from Urdu اَدَب (adab).


adáb thíi

head

adáb thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ادب تھی)


adráx

ادرخ (Perso-Arabic)
adráx (nominative singular)
adraxí (nominative plural)
adraxí (oblique singular)
adraxíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *ardaxahder.
Khowar اَدْرَخbor.
Phalura adráx
Borrowed from Khowar اَدْرَخ, from Proto-Iranian *ardaxah.

etymon

upper part of hill (not part of anyone's private property)


aḍaphaár tií

head

aḍaphaár tií (Perso-Arabic spelling اڈپھار تی)


aḍapharíi

aḍapharíi (Perso-Arabic spelling اڈپھری)


ahám

ahám (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اھم)

Etymology tree
Arabic ه م م (h m m)
Arabic هَمَّ (hamma)
Arabic هَامّ (hāmm)
Arabic أَهَمّ (ʔahamm)der.
Urdu اَہَم (aham)bor.
Phalura ahám
Borrowed from Urdu اہم (aham), from Arabic أَهَمّ (ʔahamm).


aǰá mooṣṭá

head

aǰá mooṣṭá (Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ موݜٹہ)


aǰá giraá

aǰá giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ گِرا)


aǰaṛó

aǰaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ ڑوۡ)

that up (upstream) /over there (agr: dist nom masc sg)


aǰdahaá

اژدھا (Perso-Arabic)
aǰdahaá (nominative singular)
aǰdaheeí (nominative plural)
aǰdaheeí (oblique singular)
aǰdaheeíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬁𐬐𐬀 (aži.dahāka)der.
Classical Persian اَژْدَهَا (aždahā)bor.
Urdu اَژْدَہَا (aźdahā)bor.
Phalura aǰdahaá
Borrowed from Urdu اَژْدَہَا (aźdahā).


akaadúi

head

akaadúi (reciprocal, Perso-Arabic spelling اکادُئیۡ)


akaašúma

akaašúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اکاشُمہ)


akaṣingí

akaṣingí (Perso-Arabic spelling اکہ ݜِنگیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas
Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas
Sanskrit एक (eka)
Phalura áak
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-
Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga)
Phalura ṣing
Phalura -i
Phalura akaṣingí
From áak (“one”) + ṣing (“horn”) + -i.


akaṭíi

head

akaṭíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹی)


akaṭíǰa

akaṭíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹِجہ)


akaṭóo

akaṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹو)


akóoš

From Sanskrit एकादश (ekādaśa, “eleven”).


aksár

From Urdu اکثر (aksar), from Arabic أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar).


alaahtaalaá

alaahtaalaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling اللہ تعالیٰ)

Borrowed from Urdu اللہ تعالی (allāh-taˈālā), from Arabic اللهُ تَعَالَى (allāhu taʕālā).

der

اللهُ تَعَالَى

Arabic اللهُ تَعَالَى (allāhu taʕālā)

(Islam) God Almighty (the Exalted One), the Almighty


alaaqá

علاقہ (Perso-Arabic)
alaaqá (nominative singular)
alaaqeé (nominative plural)
alaaqá (oblique singular)
alaaqeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَلَاقَة (ʕalāqa)bor.
Classical Persian عَلَاقَه (alāqa)bor.
Urdu عِلَاقَہ ('ilāqa)bor.
Phalura alaaqá
Borrowed from Urdu عِلَاقَہ ('ilāqa).

etymon

ur>عِلَاقَہ>area


aleehisalaám

head

aleehisalaám (honorific, Perso-Arabic spelling علیہ السلام)

From Urdu علیہ السلام (alaihi-s-salām), from Arabic عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام (ʕalayhi s-salām).

der

عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام


alhamdulilaá

head

alhamdulilaá (Perso-Arabic spelling الحمداللہ)

From Urdu الحمداللہ (alhamdu-li-llāh), from Arabic الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ (al-ḥamdu li-llāhi).

der

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ


alučá

الُچہ (Perso-Arabic)
alučá (nominative singular)
alučeé (nominative plural)
alučá (oblique singular)
alučeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian آلُو (ālū)
Classical Persian ـچَه (-ča)
Classical Persian آلُوچَه (ālūča)bor.
Urdu آلُوچَہ (ālūca)bor.
Phalura alučá
Borrowed from Urdu آلُوچَہ (ālūca, “plum”).


amál

عمل (Perso-Arabic)
amál (nominative singular)
amalí (nominative plural)
amalí (oblique singular)
amalíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal)bor.
Classical Persian عَمَل (amal)bor.
Urdu عَمَل ('amal)bor.
Phalura amál
Borrowed from Urdu عَمَل ('amal).


amál thíi

head

amál thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عمل تھی)


amiléeli

amiléeli (Perso-Arabic spelling امِلیلیۡ)


amilóolu

amilóolu (feminine amiléeli, Perso-Arabic spelling امِلولوۡ)

amiléeli (feminine)
امِلولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


amriká

امرِکہ (Perso-Arabic)
amriká (nominative singular)
amrikeé (nominative plural)
amriká (oblique singular)
amrikeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu امریکا (amrīkā), ultimately from English America.

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America, USA (a country in North America)


amzarái

amzarái m (Perso-Arabic spelling امزرئیۡ)

امزرئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
amzarái (nominative singular)
amzarée (nominative plural)
amzaréea (nominative plural)
amzarée (oblique singular)
amzaréea (oblique singular)
amzaréem (oblique plural)


amzayíi

amzayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling امزئی)


andáa

andáa (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اندا)


andáa bhe

andáa bhe (Perso-Arabic spelling اندا بھےۡ)


andáa the

andáa the (Perso-Arabic spelling اندا تھےۡ)


anɣaará

anɣaará m (Perso-Arabic spelling انغارہ)

انغارہ (Perso-Arabic)
anɣaará (nominative singular)
anɣaareé (nominative plural)
anɣaará (oblique singular)
anɣaareém (oblique plural)


aníi

aníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انی)


aninaám

aninaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنام)


aniníi

aniníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنی)


aniním

aniním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنِم)


anisíi

anisíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِسی)


anǰurú

anǰurú m (Perso-Arabic spelling انجُروۡ)


anú

anú (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انوۡ)


anú

From Sanskrit अन (ana, “this (pronominal stem)”).


angaá bhíi

head

angaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling انگا بھی)

From Urdu آگا (āgā), from Persian [Term?].


angeerí

angeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگیریۡ)

انگیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angeerí (nominative singular)
angeeriá (nominative plural)
angeerí (oblique singular)
angeerióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गार्या (aṅgāryā, “heap of embers”).


angóor

انگور (Perso-Arabic)
angóor (nominative singular)
angóora (nominative plural)
angóora (oblique singular)
angóoram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ōl
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras
Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra)
Phalura angóor
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “glowing charcoal”).


angreéz

head

angreéz m (Perso-Arabic spelling انگریز)

انگریز (Perso-Arabic)
angreéz (nominative singular)
angreezaán (nominative plural)
angreezá (nominative plural)
angreezá (oblique singular)
angreezoóm (oblique plural)
angreezaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *angliz
Old English Engle
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-isk
Old English -isċ
Old English Englisċder.
Portuguese inglêsbor.
Urdu اَنْگْریز (angrez)bor.
Phalura angreéz
Borrowed from Urdu اَنْگْریز (angrez).


angúṛi

head

angúṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُڑیۡ)

انگُڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṛi (nominative singular)
angúṛim (nominative plural)
angúṛi (oblique singular)
angúṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅguri)
Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli)
Phalura angúṛi
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli, “finger”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


angúṛu

head

angúṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُڑوۡ)

انگُڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṛu (nominative singular)
angúṛa (nominative plural)
angúṛa (oblique singular)
angúṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅguri)
Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli)
Phalura angúṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli, “finger, toe (fem)”).


anguštéeri

head

anguštéeri f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُشتیریۡ)

انگُشتیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
anguštéeri (nominative singular)
anguštéerim (nominative plural)
anguštéeri (oblique singular)
anguštéerim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar)
Phalura -i
Phalura anguštéeri
From Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar, “ring”) + -i.


angúṭ

انگُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṭ (nominative singular)
anguṭí (nominative plural)
anguṭí (oblique singular)
anguṭíim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अग्निष्ठ (agniṣṭha, “fire-pan”).


anguṭí

head

anguṭí f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُٹیۡ)

انگُٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
anguṭí (nominative singular)
anguṭiá (nominative plural)
anguṭí (oblique singular)
anguṭióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अग्निष्ठ (agniṣṭha, “fire-pan”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


aṇabhiíš

aṇabhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling اݨبِھیش)

From Sanskrit ऊनविंशति (ūnaviṃśati, “19 (fem)”).


aṇabhišúma

head

aṇabhišúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اݨبِھشُمہ)


apreešán

apreešán f (Perso-Arabic spelling اپریشن)

اپریشن (Perso-Arabic)
apreešán (nominative singular)
apreešaní (nominative plural)
apreešaní (oblique singular)
apreešaníim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu آپْریشَن (āpreśan), from English operation.


aqalmánd

aqalmánd (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عقل مند)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَقَلَ (ʕaqala)
Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql)bor.
Classical Persian عَقْل (aql)bor.
Urdu عَقْل ('aql)
Urdu مَنْد (mand)
Urdu عَقْلْمَنْد ('aqlmand)bor.
Phalura aqalmánd
Borrowed from Urdu عَقْلْمَنْد ('aqlmand).


aqalmandí

head

aqalmandí f (Perso-Arabic spelling عقلمندیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu عَقْل مَنْدِی ('aql mandī), from Persian [Term?].

bor+

عَقْل مَنْدِی


arabistaán

head

arabistaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling عربِستان)

Borrowed from Urdu عَرَبِسْتَان ('arabistān), from Classical Persian عَرَبِسْتَان (arabistān).

bor+

عَرَبِسْتَان

der

عَرَبِسْتَان


aṛanaám

head

aṛanaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑنام)


aṛás

aṛás (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑس)


aṛasíi

aṛasíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑسی)


aṛé

aṛé (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑےۡ)

that (agr: dist fem / dist masc non-nom)


aṛíi

aṛíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑی)


aṛó

aṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑوۡ)


asaám

asaám (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسام)


asár

اثر (Perso-Arabic)
asár (nominative singular)
asarí (nominative plural)
asarí (oblique singular)
asaríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar)bor.
Classical Persian اَثَر (asar)bor.
Urdu اَثَر (asar)bor.
Phalura asár
Borrowed from Urdu اَثَر (asar).


asár bhíi

head

asár bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر بھی)


asár thíi

asár thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر تھی)


asár wháida

asár wháida (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر وھئدہ)


asíi

asíi (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسی)

From Sanskrit अस्मद् (asmad, “1pl (base of oblique cases)”).


asím

head

asím (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسِم)


askóon

askóon (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اسکون)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭭 (ʾsʾn)
Classical Persian آسَان (āsān)bor.
Urdu آسان (āsān)bor.
Phalura askóon
Borrowed from Urdu آسان (āsān).


askóona ǰhulí

head

اسکونہ جُھلیۡ

askóona ǰhulí (Perso-Arabic spelling اسکونہ جُھلیۡ)


aslí

aslí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اصلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy)bor.
Classical Persian اَصْلِی (aslī)bor.
Urdu اَصْلِی (aslī)bor.
Phalura aslí
Borrowed from Urdu اَصْلِی (aslī).


ašáq

head

ašáq (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عشق)

Borrowed from Urdu عِشْق ('iśq), from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).


ašáq bhíi

ašáq bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عشق بھی)


aṣṭaašúma

aṣṭaašúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اݜٹاشُمہ)


aṣṭóoš

From Sanskrit अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa, “eighteen”).


atíitu

atíitu (feminine atíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling اتِیتوۡ)

atíiti (feminine)
اتِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


atshareét

atshareét m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریت)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Ashret (a village, a valley in Chitral district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


atshareét xaás

atshareét xaás (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریت خاص)

the main village in Ashret Valley where the police post, government high school, and the bazaar are located


atshareetaá

atshareetaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریتا)


atsharíitu

atsharíitu (feminine atsharíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھرِیتوۡ)

atsharíiti (feminine)
اڅھرِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Phalura atshareét
Phalura -u
Phalura atsharíitu
atshareét (“Ashret valley”) + -u.


aṭíi

head

aṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اٹی)

From Sanskrit *अट्ट् (aṭṭ, “contain, be contained, fit into”).


audás

اودس (Perso-Arabic)
audás (nominative singular)
audasí (nominative plural)
audasí (oblique singular)
audasíim (oblique plural)


audás phooṭóo

head

audás phooṭóo (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اودس پھوٹو)


audás yhíi

audás yhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اودس یھی)


aulaád

اولاد (Perso-Arabic)
aulaád (nominative singular)
auleedí (nominative plural)
auleedí (oblique singular)
auleedíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَوْلَاد (ʔawlād)bor.
Classical Persian اَوْلَاد (awlād)bor.
Urdu اَولَاد (aulād)bor.
Phalura aulaád
Borrowed from Urdu اَولَاد (aulād).


-awá

Causative (or second/double causative) suffix


axpúl

اخپُل (Perso-Arabic)
axpúl (nominative singular)
axpulaán (nominative plural)
axpulá (nominative plural)
axpulá (oblique singular)
axpuloóm (oblique plural)
axpulaanoóm (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (xpul).


axsaá

head

axsaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اخسا)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (xsaa).


axsí

اخسیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
axsí (nominative singular)
axsiá (nominative plural)
axsí (oblique singular)
axsióom (oblique plural)

a traditional game played between two teams that involves holding up one's right leg with one's left hand while fighting with one's right hand


axsí ǰíi

head

axsí ǰíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اخسیۡ جی)


axtár

اختر (Perso-Arabic)
axtár (nominative singular)
axtarí (nominative plural)
axtarí (oblique singular)
axtaríim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (axtar).


azaáb

عذاب (Perso-Arabic)
azaáb (nominative singular)
azeebí (nominative plural)
azeebí (oblique singular)
azeebíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb)bor.
Classical Persian عَذَاب (azāb)bor.
Urdu عَذَاب ('azāb)bor.
Phalura azaáb
Borrowed from Urdu عَذَاب ('azāb), borrowed from Classical Persian عَذَاب (azāb), borrowed from Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb).


azaáb díi

head

azaáb díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عذاب دی)


báabu

بابوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
báabu (nominative singular)
báaba (nominative plural)
báaba (oblique singular)
báabam (oblique plural)
báabu (nominative singular)
baabayeé (nominative plural)
báabu (oblique singular)
baabayeé (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀩𑀸𑀩𑁆𑀩 (bābba).


baačaá

باچا (Perso-Arabic)
baačaá (nominative singular)
baačaán (nominative plural)
baačaá (oblique singular)
baačaán (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian پَادِشَاه (pādišāh)der.
Urdu بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh)bor.
Phalura baačaá
Borrowed from Urdu بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh).

etymon

ur>بَادْشَاہ>king


baačaí

Borrowed from Urdu بَادْشَاہِی (bādśāhī).


baačaí thíi

head

baačaí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling باچئیۡ تھی)


baád

From Urdu باد (bād), from Arabic بَعْدَ (baʕda).


báaḍa

báaḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باڈہ)

From Sanskrit वर्धते (vardhate, “grows, increases”).


baáɣ

باغ (Perso-Arabic)
baáɣ (nominative singular)
beeɣí (nominative plural)
beeɣí (oblique singular)
beeɣíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *bāgáh
Old Persian *bāgah
Middle Persian bʾg
Classical Persian بَاغ (bāğ)bor.
Urdu باغ (bāġ)bor.
Phalura baáɣ
Borrowed from Urdu باغ (bāġ).


baaǰá

باجہ (Perso-Arabic)
baaǰá (nominative singular)
baaǰeé (nominative plural)
baaǰá (oblique singular)
baaǰeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́dyam
Sanskrit वाद्य (vādya)
Urdu بَاجَا (bājā)bor.
Phalura baaǰá
Borrowed from Urdu بَاجَا (bājā).


baaláx

بالخ (Perso-Arabic)
baaláx (nominative singular)
baalaxí (nominative plural)
baalaxí (oblique singular)
baalaxíim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (baalixt).


baalbáč

بالبچ (Perso-Arabic)
baalbáč (nominative singular)
baalbačí (nominative plural)
baalbačí (oblique singular)
baalbačíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बाल (bāla)bor.
Urdu بَال (bāl)
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Proto-Iranian *wacáh
Classical Persian بَچَّه (bačča)bor.
Urdu بَچَّہ (bacca)
Urdu بَال بَچّے (bāl bacce)bor.
Phalura baalbáč
Borrowed from Urdu بَال بَچّے (bāl bacce).


baalṭí

بالٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baalṭí (nominative singular)
baalṭiá (nominative plural)
baalṭí (oblique singular)
baalṭióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Portuguese baldebor.
Urdu بَالْٹِی (bālṭī)bor.
Phalura baalṭí
Borrowed from Urdu بَالْٹِی (bālṭī).


baándi

head

baándi (باندیۡ)


baaqaáida

baaqaáida (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling باقاعدہ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَاقَاعِدَہ (bāqā'ida).


baaqimaandá

head

baaqimaandá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling باقیۡ ماندہ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَاقِی مَانْدَہ (bāqī mānda).

bor+

بَاقِی مَانْدَہ


baaráki

head

baaráki (بارہ کیۡ)


baás díi

baás díi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling باس دی)


baasanháaṛu

baasanháaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling باسن ہاڑوۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd
Phalura baasanháaṛu
Compound of basaánd (“spring”) + an uncertain element.

etymon

a 40-day period during which some trees bear fruit (e.g. apricots) and the wheat harvest is gathered; approximately 11 May-20 Jun


baasóo

head

baasóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باسو)

to give shelter, accommodate, have sb stay (overnight)


baastaár

baastaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling باستار)

باستار (Perso-Arabic)
baastaár (nominative singular)
baastaarí (nominative plural)
baastaarí (oblique singular)
baastaaríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Classical Persian بِسْتَر (bistar)bor.
Urdu بِسْتَر (bistar)bor.
Phalura baastaár
Borrowed from Urdu بِسْتَر (bistar).

etymon

ur>بِسْتَر>bed


báaṣ

باݜ (Perso-Arabic)
báaṣ (nominative singular)
baṣá (nominative plural)
baṣá (oblique singular)
baṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-
Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa)
Phalura báaṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain”). Doublet of béeriṣ (“summer”).


baát

بات (Perso-Arabic)
baát (nominative singular)
beetí (nominative plural)
beetí (oblique singular)
beetíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit वृत्ति (vṛtti)
Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā)
Phalura baát
Inherited from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “livelihood, business; tidings”).

etymon

sa>वार्त्ता>news


baát díi

head

baát díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بات دی)


báatru

باتروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
báatru (nominative singular)
báatra (nominative plural)
báatra (oblique singular)
báatram (oblique plural)

(agriculture) wooden water lock (for irrigation)


báaṭ

باٹ (Perso-Arabic)
báaṭ (nominative singular)
baṭá (nominative plural)
baṭá (oblique singular)
baṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*vaṭṭa), from Sanskrit *वर्त (varta, “round stone”), ultimately from the root वृत् (vṛt, “to turn”).


báaṭa

head

báaṭa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باٹہ)


baaugáaṛu

baaugáaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling باؤگاڑوۡ)

باؤگاڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baaugáaṛu (nominative singular)
baaugáaṛa (nominative plural)
baaugáaṛa (oblique singular)
baaugáaṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš
Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu)
Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-
Sanskrit गाह् (gāh)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit गाढ (gāḍha)
Phalura gáaḍu
Phalura baaugáaṛu
Compound of Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu, “arm”) + gáaḍu (“thick, large”), i.e. "thick part of the arm".


baázi

From Urdu بعضی (ba'zī), from Arabic بَعْض (baʕḍ).


baazóor

بازور (Perso-Arabic)
baazóor (nominative singular)
baazóora (nominative plural)
baazóora (oblique singular)
baazóoram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wes-der.
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.
Middle Persian wʾčʾl
Classical Persian بَازَار (bāzār)bor.
Urdu بازار (bāzār)bor.
Phalura baazóor
Borrowed from Urdu بازار (bāzār).


baaẓgalá

head

baaẓgalá m (Perso-Arabic spelling باڙگلہ)


bããílu

bããílu (feminine bããíli, Perso-Arabic spelling بانّئِلوۡ)

bããíli (feminine)
بانّئِلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Perhaps from Sanskrit वन्य (vanya, “of the woods”) + -íil + -u. Compare Jaunsari बान (bān, “oak”).


babaáy

ببائیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
babaáy (nominative singular)
babayí (nominative plural)
babayí (oblique singular)
babayíim (oblique plural)


baboózi

head

baboózi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ببوزیۡ)

ببوزیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baboózi (nominative singular)
baboózim (nominative plural)
baboózi (oblique singular)
baboózim (oblique plural)


bač

bač (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَچْنَا (bacnā, “to be saved”).


bač bhíi

head

bač bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ بھی)


bač thíi

bač thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ تھی)


bac̣húuṛi

bac̣húuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بڇُھوڑیۡ)

بڇُھوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bac̣húuṛi (nominative singular)
bac̣húuṛim (nominative plural)
bac̣húuṛi (oblique singular)
bac̣húuṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura bac̣húuṛi
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf; year”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


bac̣húuṛu

head

bac̣húuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڇُھوڑوۡ)

بڇُھوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bac̣húuṛu (nominative singular)
bac̣húuṛa (nominative plural)
bac̣húuṛa (oblique singular)
bac̣húuṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura bac̣húuṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf, child”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Khowar بݯھوڑ, Kashmiri وۆژھ (voċh, “calf”).


badán

بدن (Perso-Arabic)
badán (nominative singular)
badaní (nominative plural)
badaní (oblique singular)
badaníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic بَدَن (badan)bor.
Classical Persian بَدَن (badan)bor.
Urdu بَدَن (badan)bor.
Phalura badán
Borrowed from Urdu بَدَن (badan), borrowed from Classical Persian بَدَن (badan), borrowed from Arabic بَدَن (badan).


badhooṛóo

head

badhooṛóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بدھوڑو)


badmaáš

badmaáš m (Perso-Arabic spelling بدمعاش)

بدمعاش (Perso-Arabic)
badmaáš (nominative singular)
badmaašaán (nominative plural)
badmaašá (nominative plural)
badmaašá (oblique singular)
badmaašoóm (oblique plural)
badmaašaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *watah
Classical Persian بَد (bad)
Arabic عَاشَ (ʕāša)
Arabic مَعَاش (maʕāš)bor.
Classical Persian مَعَاش (ma'āš)
Classical Persian بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āš)bor.
Urdu بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āś)bor.
Phalura badmaáš
Borrowed from Urdu بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āś), borrowed from Classical Persian بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āš), from بَد (bad) + مَعَاش (ma'āš).

etymon

ur>بَدْمَعَاش>rascal


baḍhíir

head

baḍhíir m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڈِھیر)

بڈِھیر (Perso-Arabic)
baḍhíir (nominative singular)
baḍhíira (nominative plural)
baḍhíira (oblique singular)
baḍhíiram (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *वर्धिर (vardhira, “axe, hammer”), from the root वर्ध् (vardh). Cognate with Kalami بَڈِیر (bäḍīr).


baḍoorghaá

head

baḍoorghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڈورگھا)

Badrugal (Nuristani village between Ashret and Kalkatak)


baǰá

Borrowed from Urdu بَجْنَا (bajnā, “to sound, strike (as a clock)”).


bakáara

بکارہ (Perso-Arabic)
bakáara (nominative singular)
bakáaram (nominative plural)
bakáara (oblique singular)
bakáaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Phalura bakáara
Inherited from Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara, “kid, lamb; goat”).


bakaraál

head

bakaraál m (Perso-Arabic spelling بکرال)

بکرال (Perso-Arabic)
bakaraál (nominative singular)
bakaraalaán (nominative plural)
bakaraalá (nominative plural)
bakaraalá (oblique singular)
bakaraaloóm (oblique plural)
bakaraalaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)?
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Sanskrit पार (pāra)?
Sanskrit पाल (pāla)
Phalura bakaraál
From Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara) + पाल (pāla).


bakareelí

head

bakareelí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بکریلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)?
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Sanskrit पार (pāra)?
Sanskrit पाल (pāla)
Phalura bakaraál
Phalura -i
Phalura bakareelí
From bakaraál + -i.


bálaf

بلف (Perso-Arabic)
bálaf (nominative singular)
balfí (nominative plural)
balfí (oblique singular)
balfíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós)bor.
Latin bulbusder.
English bulbbor.
Urdu بَلْب (balb)bor.
Phalura bálaf
Borrowed from Urdu بَلْب (balb), borrowed from English bulb, from Latin bulbus, borrowed from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós).


balasgíri

head

balasgíri f (Perso-Arabic spelling بلسگِریۡ)

Balasgiri (a pastureland in Kotgha, Ashret)


balíi

بلی (Perso-Arabic)
balíi (nominative singular)
balíia (nominative plural)
balíia (oblique singular)
balíiam (oblique plural)


balikhaáṭ

balikhaáṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling بلِکھاٹ)

بلِکھاٹ (Perso-Arabic)
balikhaáṭ (nominative singular)
balikhaṭá (nominative plural)
balikhaṭá (oblique singular)
balikhaṭóom (oblique plural)
balikhaáṭ (nominative singular)
balikheeṭí (nominative plural)
balikheeṭí (oblique singular)
balikheeṭíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura balíi
Phalura kháaṭu
Phalura balikhaáṭ
Compound of balíi (“outside”) + kháaṭu (“lid”).


bálki

head

bálki (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling بلکیۡ)


baltéec̣i

baltéec̣i f (Perso-Arabic spelling بلتیڇیۡ)

Baltechi (peak near Pemdi in Ashret Valley)


bambá

بمبہ (Perso-Arabic)
bambá (nominative singular)
bambeé (nominative plural)
bambá (oblique singular)
bambeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos)bor.
Latin bombusder.
Italian bombabor.
Portuguese bombabor.
Urdu بَمْبَہ (bamba)bor.
Phalura bambá
Borrowed from Urdu بَمْبَہ (bamba).


ban thíi

head

ban thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بن تھی)


bandubás

bandubás f (Perso-Arabic spelling بندوبس)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-der.
Classical Persian بَنْد (band)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.
Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a)
Arabic وَ (wa)bor.
Classical Persian و (u)
Classical Persian بَسْت (bast)
Urdu بَنْدوبَسْت (bandobast)bor.
Phalura bandubás
Borrowed from Urdu بَنْدوبَسْت (bandobast).


bandubás thíi

head

bandubás thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بندوبس تھی)


baneén

بنین (Perso-Arabic)
baneén (nominative singular)
baneení (nominative plural)
baneení (oblique singular)
baneeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu بَنِیَان (baniyān)bor.
Phalura baneén
Borrowed from Urdu بَنِیَان (baniyān).


banglái

head

banglái f (Perso-Arabic spelling بنگلئیۡ)

بنگلئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
banglái (nominative singular)
banglée (nominative plural)
bangléea (nominative plural)
banglée (oblique singular)
bangléea (oblique singular)
bangléem (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu بَنْگْلِی (banglī)bor.
Phalura banglái
Borrowed from Urdu بَنْگْلِی (banglī).


baraabár

head

baraabár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling برابر)

Borrowed from Urdu بَرَابَر (barābar), from Classical Persian بَرَابَر (barābar).


bardaáš

برداش (Perso-Arabic)
bardaáš (nominative singular)
bardeeší (nominative plural)
bardeeší (oblique singular)
bardeešíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm)
Persian بر
Proto-Indo-European *dʰoréyeti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰāráyati
Proto-Iranian *dāráyati
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y)
Persian داشتن
Persian برداشتن
Classical Persian بَرْدَاشْت (bardāšt)bor.
Urdu بَرْدَاشْت (bardāśt)bor.
Phalura bardaáš
Borrowed from Urdu بَرْدَاشْت (bardāśt).


bardaáš thíi

head

bardaáš thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling برداش تھی)


bartaaniá

bartaaniá m (Perso-Arabic spelling برطانیہ)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Βρεττανία (Brettanía)bor.
Latin Britanniabor.?
Arabic بِرِطَانِيَة (biriṭāniya)bor.
Classical Persian بِرِطَانِیَه (biritāniya)bor.
Urdu بَرْطَانِیَہ (bartāniya)bor.
Phalura bartaaniá
Borrowed from Urdu بَرْطَانِیَہ (bartāniya).

etymon

ur>بَرْطَانِیَہ>Britain

Britain, United Kingdom, UK (a country in Europe)


bartaanyáii

head

bartaanyáii (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling برطانئی)

Borrowed from Urdu بَرْطانْیَہ (bartānya).


baṛookoó

head

baṛookoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڑوکو)


basanpreetsúun

basanpreetsúun m (Perso-Arabic spelling بسنپریڅُون)

بسنپریڅُون (Perso-Arabic)
basanpreetsúun (nominative singular)
basanpreetsúuna (nominative plural)
basanpreetsúuna (oblique singular)
basanpreetsúunam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd?
Phalura basanpreetsúun
Compound of basaánd (“spring”) + an uncertain element.

etymon

first month of spring (according to one tradition calendar)


batshaár

head

batshaár m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڅھار)

بڅھار (Perso-Arabic)
batshaár (nominative singular)
batshaára (nominative plural)
batshaára (oblique singular)
batshaáram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Sanskrit -तर (-tara)
Sanskrit वत्सतर (vatsatara)
Phalura batshaár
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्सतर (vatsatara, “young bull or goat before weaning or copulation”).

inh+

calf that can plough but is not yet full-grown (2-4 years old)


baṭadíi

Batadee (peak in upper Pherima in Ashret Valley)


baṭašáan

head

baṭašáan m (Perso-Arabic spelling بٹہ شان)

بٹہ شان (Perso-Arabic)
baṭašáan (nominative singular)
baṭašáana (nominative plural)
baṭašáana (oblique singular)
baṭašáanam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Phalura šáan
Phalura baṭašáan
Compound of báaṭ (“stone”) + šáan (“roof”).


baṭoošaáṇṭ

head

baṭoošaáṇṭ f (Perso-Arabic spelling بٹوشانٹ)

بٹوشانٹ (Perso-Arabic)
baṭoošaáṇṭ (nominative singular)
baṭoošaṇṭí (nominative plural)
baṭoošaṇṭí (oblique singular)
baṭoošaṇṭíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Sanskrit *शोट्ठ (śoṭṭha)
Phalura baṭoošaáṇṭ
Compound of báaṭ (“stone”) + Sanskrit *शोट्ठ (śoṭṭha, “stick”).


baṭsúm

Batsum (cluster of houses in Kanegha, Ashret Valley)


baurázi

head

baurázi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بورزیۡ)

بورزیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baurázi (nominative singular)
baurázim (nominative plural)
baurázi (oblique singular)
baurázim (oblique plural)


baxíi

baxíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بخی)

From Urdu بخشنا (baxśnā), from Persian [Term?].


baxšíš

بخشِش (Perso-Arabic)
baxšíš (nominative singular)
baxšiší (nominative plural)
baxšiší (oblique singular)
baxšišíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian بَخْشِش (baxšiš)bor.
Urdu بَخْشِش (baxśiś)bor.
Phalura baxšíš
Borrowed from Urdu بَخْشِش (baxśiś).


baxšíš díi

head

baxšíš díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بخشِش دی)


bayaán thíi

bayaán thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بیان تھی)

From Urdu بیان (bayān), from Arabic بَيَان (bayān).


bazgál

Bazgal (part of Patodham in Ashret Valley)


beedhowaá

beedhowaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بیدھوا)


beedhríi

beedhríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بیدھری)

From Sanskrit *वीध्रिय (vīdhriya, “relating to the clear sky”).


beeitifeeqí

head

beeitifeeqí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بے اِتفیقیۡ)

From Urdu بے اِتِّفَاقِی (be ittifāqī), from Classical Persian بیاِتِّفَاقِی (bē-ittifāqī).

bor

بے اِتِّفَاقِی

Urdu بے اِتِّفَاقِی (be ittifāqī)

der

بیاِتِّفَاقِی


béeǰi

بیجیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
béeǰi (nominative singular)
béeǰim (nominative plural)
béeǰi (oblique singular)
béeǰim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Sanskrit द्वि (dvi)
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura béeǰi
From Sanskrit द्वि (dvi, “two”) + Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf, yearling”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


beelčá

بیلچہ (Perso-Arabic)
beelčá (nominative singular)
beelčeé (nominative plural)
beelčá (oblique singular)
beelčeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu بیلچہ (belca), from Classical Persian بیلْچَه (bēlča).


béem

head

béem (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بیم)


beénk

بینک (Perso-Arabic)
beénk (nominative singular)
beenkí (nominative plural)
beenkí (oblique singular)
beenkíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.
Proto-Germanic *bankiz
Proto-West Germanic *banki
Lombardic bankbor.
Italian bancabor.
Middle French banqueder.
English bankbor.
Urdu بَینْک (baiṅk)bor.
Phalura beénk
Borrowed from Urdu بَینْک (baiṅk).


béeriṣ

بیرِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
béeriṣ (nominative singular)
béeriṣa (nominative plural)
béeriṣa (oblique singular)
béeriṣam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-
Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa)
Phalura béeriṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, year”). Doublet of báaṣ (“rain”).


beéṣṭ

بیݜٹ (Perso-Arabic)
beéṣṭ (nominative singular)
beeṣṭí (nominative plural)
beeṣṭí (oblique singular)
beeṣṭíim (oblique plural)


beeṣṭíi

head

beeṣṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِیݜٹی)


beetíngal

beetíngal m (Perso-Arabic spelling بیتِنگل)

بیتِنگل (Perso-Arabic)
beetíngal (nominative singular)
beetíngala (nominative plural)
beetíngala (oblique singular)
beetíngalam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtVder.
Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa)der.
Phalura beetíngal
Borrowed from Iranian, ultimately from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa, “eggplant”).


beetseerá

head

beetseerá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بیڅیرہ)

From bee- (“without”) + Pashto [script needed] (tse-rah, “face”).


beeṭí

بیٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
beeṭí (nominative singular)
beeṭiá (nominative plural)
beeṭí (oblique singular)
beeṭióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*beṭṭa, “child”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Cognate with Urdu بیٹِی (beṭī, “daughter, child”).


beewafaá

head

beewafaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بے وفا)

Borrowed from Urdu بے وَفَا (be vafā), from Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā).


beewafaaí

beewafaaí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بے وفائیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Classical Persian اَبی (abē)
Classical Persian بی (bē)
Classical Persian وَفَا (wafā)
Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā)der.
Phalura beewafaaí
Borrowed from Urdu بے وَفَائِی (be vafāī), ultimately from Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā, “disloyal”).


beezáaya

head

beezáaya (Perso-Arabic spelling بیضائیہ)

From Urdu [Term?], from Arabic بِزَائِدَةٍ (bizāʔidatin).


behtár

behtár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بہتر)

Borrowed from Urdu بہتر (behtar), from Persian بهتر (bihtar).


bhaampú

bhaampú m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھامپوۡ)

بھامپوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaampú (nominative singular)
bhaampuá (nominative plural)
bhaampú (oblique singular)
bhaampuóom (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Khowar [script needed] (bampu).


bhaanóoṛ

head

bhaanóoṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھانوڑ)

بھانوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaanóoṛ (nominative singular)
bhaanóoṛa (nominative plural)
bhaanóoṛa (oblique singular)
bhaanóoṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa)
Sanskrit आगार (āgāra)
Sanskrit भाण्डागार (bhāṇḍāgāra)
Phalura bhaanóoṛ
Inherited from Sanskrit भाण्डागार (bhāṇḍāgāra, “treasury”).


bhaangí

head

bhaangí m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھانگیۡ)

بھانگیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaangí (nominative singular)
bhaangiaán (nominative plural)
bhaangiá (nominative plural)
bhaangiá (oblique singular)
bhaangioóm (oblique plural)
bhaangiaanoóm (oblique plural)


bháaru

بھاروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bháaru (nominative singular)
bháara (nominative plural)
bháara (oblique singular)
bháaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Sanskrit भार (bhāra)
Phalura bháaru
Inherited from Sanskrit भार (bhāra).


bhaaruṛóo

head

bhaaruṛóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھارُڑو)


bhaarúuṛi

bhaarúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھارُوڑیۡ)

بھارُوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaarúuṛi (nominative singular)
bhaarúuṛim (nominative plural)
bhaarúuṛi (oblique singular)
bhaarúuṛim (oblique plural)


bhaáu

bhaáu (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling بھاؤ)


bháawal

بھاول (Perso-Arabic)
bháawal (nominative singular)
bháawala (nominative plural)
bháawala (oblique singular)
bháawalam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बाहुल (bāhula)?
Phalura bháawal
Uncertain. Perhaps inherited from Sanskrit बाहुल (bāhula, “armour for the arms”).


bhaagíi

head

bhaagíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھاگی)

From Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya, “divisible; entitled to a share; per cent”).


bhakulaár

head

bhakulaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلار)

بھکُلار (Perso-Arabic)
bhakulaár (nominative singular)
bhakuleerí (nominative plural)
bhakuleerí (oblique singular)
bhakuleeríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha)
Phalura bhakúlu
Phalura -aár
Phalura bhakulaár
From bhakúlu + -aár.


bhakulíi

head

bhakulíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلی)


bhakúlu

bhakúlu (feminine bhakúli, Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلوۡ)

bhakúli (feminine)
بھکُلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha)
Phalura bhakúlu
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha, “lump”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-ulla-) + -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Southeast Pashayi [script needed] (bakoṭā́), Northeast Pashayi [script needed] (baγuṭṓ, “stout, fat”), Kalami [script needed] (bakū́l, “strong, thick, fat”).


bhalaá

بھلا (Perso-Arabic)
bhalaá (nominative singular)
bhalaagaán (nominative plural)
bhalaá (oblique singular)
bhalaagoóm (oblique plural)
bhalaagaanoóm (oblique plural)


bhanǰawóo

head

bhanǰawóo (transitive, causative, Perso-Arabic spelling بھنجوو)


bhanǰóo

bhanǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھنجو)

From Sanskrit भञ्जति (bhañjati, “breaks”).


bhantsaáp

bhantsaáp m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھنڅاپ)

بھنڅاپ (Perso-Arabic)
bhantsaáp (nominative singular)
bhantsapá (nominative plural)
bhantsapá (oblique singular)
bhantsapóom (oblique plural)


bharaaḍám

bharaaḍám m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراڈم)

Bharadam (hamlet in upper Ashret Valley)


bharíiw

bharíiw m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرِیوۡ)

بھرِیوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bharíiw (nominative singular)
bharíiwa (nominative plural)
bharíiwa (oblique singular)
bharíiwam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *भारियाप (bhāriyāpa, “husband”), from भार्या (bhāryā, “wife”) + प (pa, “protector”).


bhaṛíi

head

bhaṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھڑی)

From Sanskrit भ्राष्ट्र (bhrāṣṭra, “gridiron (masc); cooked on a gridiron”).


bhayíi

head

bhayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھئی)

From Sanskrit वापयति (vāpayati, “sows”).


bhayíitu

bhayíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھئِیتوۡ)


bheénš

بھینش (Perso-Arabic)
bheénš (nominative singular)
bheenšá (nominative plural)
bheenšá (oblique singular)
bheenšóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás
Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśa)der.
Phalura bheénš
Inherited from Sanskrit वंश्य (vaṃśya, “crossbeam”), from वंश (vaṃśa, “bamboo”).


bhéengi ǰíi

head

bhéengi ǰíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھینگیۡ جی)


bheéṇ

بھیݨ (Perso-Arabic)
bheéṇ (nominative singular)
bheeṇí (nominative plural)
bheeṇí (oblique singular)
bheeṇíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Inherited from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī, “sister”).


bheeṇdhií

head

bheeṇdhií f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیݨ دھی)

بھیݨ دھی (Perso-Arabic)
bheeṇdhií (nominative singular)
bheeṇdhiiá (nominative plural)
bheeṇdhiiá (oblique singular)
bheeṇdhiióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Phalura bheeṇdhií
Compound of bheéṇ (“sister”) + dhií (“daughter”).


bheeṇipútr

head

bheeṇipútr m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیݨیۡ پُتر)

بھیݨیۡ پُتر (Perso-Arabic)
bheeṇipútr (nominative singular)
bheeṇiputrá (nominative plural)
bheeṇiputrá (oblique singular)
bheeṇiputróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Phalura bheeṇipútr
Compound of bheéṇ (“sister”) + putr (“son”).


bheeríči

head

bheeríči f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیرِچیۡ)

بھیرِچیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bheeríči (nominative singular)
bheeríčim (nominative plural)
bheeríči (oblique singular)
bheeríčim (oblique plural)


bheeríi

بھیری (Perso-Arabic)
bheeríi (nominative singular)
bheeríia (nominative plural)
bheeríia (oblique singular)
bheeríiam (oblique plural)

donkey seller (group of people, usually Pashtun, who in the past came with their donkeys from the Dir side)


bheezatí

bheezatí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیزتیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu بے عِزَّتِی (be 'izzatī), from Classical Persian بی عِزَّتِی (bē izzatī).


bheezatí thíi

head

bheezatí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیزتیۡ تھی)


bhéša

bhéša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡشہ)

From Sanskrit उपविशति (upaviśati, “approaches; sits down”).


bhešóo

head

bhešóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡشو)

From Sanskrit उपवेशयति (upaveśayati, “causes to sit”).


bhéṭi

بھیۡٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhéṭi (nominative singular)
bhéṭim (nominative plural)
bhéṭi (oblique singular)
bhéṭim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वीटा (vīṭā)?
Phalura bhéṭi
Uncertain. Perhaps from a variant of Sanskrit वीटा (vīṭā, “small piece of stick”), some of whose descendants mean "bundle", including Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀝 (viṃṭa, “wrapping of fruit”), 𑀯𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀻 (viṭṭī, “bundle”), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀆 (viṃṭaliā, “bundle”), Hindi बींड़ा (bī̃ṛā, “twist of grass”). Turner does not list any Dardic cognates.


bhéṭu

head

bhéṭu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡٹوۡ)


bhiaalúku

bhiaalúku (feminine bhiaalúki, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئالُکوۡ)

bhiaalúki (feminine)
بِھئالُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


bhíi

bhíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھی)


bhíia

bhíia (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیہ)

From Sanskrit बिभेति (bibheti, “fears”).


bhíili

bhíili f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-
Sanskrit भी (bhī)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit भीति (bhīti)?
Sanskrit भीर (bhīra)?
Phalura bhíili
Inherited from Sanskrit भीति (bhīti, “fear”) with some derivational suffix, or an l-variant of Sanskrit भीर (bhīra, “intimidating”). Cognate with Indus Kohistani [script needed] (bhīl, “fear”), Chilisso [script needed] (bihil, “fear”).


bhíili díi

head

bhíili díi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ دی)


bhíili ṣáača

بِھیلیۡ ݜاچہ

bhíili ṣáača (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ ݜاچہ)


bhiiroó

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás
Sanskrit वीर (vīra)
Phalura bhiiroó
Inherited from Sanskrit वीर (vīra, “man, hero, son; male of an animal”). Doublet of bhíiru (“he-goat”).


bhíiru

head

bhíiru m (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیروۡ)

بِھیروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhíiru (nominative singular)
bhíira (nominative plural)
bhíira (oblique singular)
bhíiram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás
Sanskrit वीर (vīra)
Phalura bhíiru
Inherited from Sanskrit वीर (vīra, “man, hero, son; male of an animal”). Doublet of bhiiroó (“male”).


bhiíš

From Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśati, “20 (fem)”).


bhíitu

head

bhíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیتوۡ)


bhióoṇ

بِھیوݨ (Perso-Arabic)
bhióoṇ (nominative singular)
bhióoṇa (nominative plural)
bhióoṇa (oblique singular)
bhióoṇam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वेत (veta)
Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa)
Phalura bhióoṇ
Compound of Sanskrit वेत (veta, “cane; reed; willow (in descendants)”) + Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa, “stick”). Turner says the second component of the compound is uncertain.


bhiooṛkúi

head

bhiooṛkúi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑکُئیۡ)


bhiooṛkúuṭ

bhiooṛkúuṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑکُوٹ)

Bhiorkot (place in Sharadesh in Ashret Valley)


bhiooṛúuču

bhiooṛúuču (feminine bhiooṛúuči, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑُوچوۡ)

bhiooṛúuči (feminine)
بِھئوڑُوچوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Phalura bhiúuṛi
Phalura -úuču
Phalura bhiooṛúuču
From bhiúuṛi (“Biori valley”) + -úuču.


bhíšee áak

head

bhíšee áak (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے آک)


bhíšee áaṣṭ

bhíšee áaṣṭ (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے آݜٹ)


bhíšee akóoš

bhíšee akóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اکوش)


bhíšee aṇabhiíš

بِھشے اݨبِھش

bhíšee aṇabhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اݨبِھش)


bhíšee aṣṭóoš

bhíšee aṣṭóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اݜٹوش)


bhíšee bóoš

bhíšee bóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے بوش)


bhíšee čandíiš

بِھشے چندِیش

bhíšee čandíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے چندِیش)


bhíšee čúur

bhíšee čúur (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے چُور)


bhíšee dáaš

bhíšee dáaš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے داش)


bhíšee dúu

bhíšee dúu (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے دُو)


bhíšee núu

bhíšee núu (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے نُو)


bhíšee páanǰ

bhíšee páanǰ (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے پانج)


bhíšee panǰíiš

بِھشے پنجِیش

bhíšee panǰíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے پنجِیش)


bhíšee sáat

bhíšee sáat (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے سات)


bhíšee satóoš

bhíšee satóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ستوش)


bhíšee ṣo

bhíšee ṣo (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ݜوۡ)


bhíšee ṣoṛíiš

بِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش

bhíšee ṣoṛíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش)


bhíšee tríiš

bhíšee tríiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ترِیش)


bhíšee tróo

bhíšee tróo (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ترو)


bhit

بِھت (Perso-Arabic)
bhít (nominative singular)
bhíta (nominative plural)
bhíta (oblique singular)
bhítam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *bʰidtós
Sanskrit भित्त (bhitta)
Phalura bhit
Inherited from Sanskrit भित्त (bhitta, “split timber; fragment; wall”).


bhiúuṛi

head

bhiúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئُوڑیۡ)

Biori (valley and the largest village in the valley with the same name, i.e. Upper Biori or Biori proper)


bhóo

bhóo (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling بھو)

From Sanskrit भावयति (bhāvayati, “causes to be; cherishes; considers, esteems, shows”).


bhooríi

head

bhooríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوری)


bhóoša

bhóoša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوشہ)

From Sanskrit वाश्यते (vāśyate, “roars, howls, bellows, lowings, bleatings, singing (of birds)”).


bhootíi

بھوتی (Perso-Arabic)
bhootíi (nominative singular)
bhootíia (nominative plural)
bhootíia (oblique singular)
bhootíiam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *उपोप्त (upopta, “sown”) or directly from Sanskrit वपति (vapati, “to sow”).


bhootíi thíi

head

bhootíi thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوتی تھی)


bhoóy

بھوئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhoóy (nominative singular)
bhooyím (nominative plural)
bhooyí (oblique singular)
bhooyím (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वधू (vadhū)
Phalura bhoóy
Inherited from Sanskrit वधू (vadhū, “bride, young wife; son”).


bhraaǰái

head

bhraaǰái f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراجئیۡ)

بھراجئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhraaǰái (nominative singular)
bhraaǰée (nominative plural)
bhraaǰéea (nominative plural)
bhraaǰée (oblique singular)
bhraaǰéea (oblique singular)
bhraaǰéem (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रातुर्जाया (bhrāturjāyā, “brother's wife”).

inh

भ्रातुर्जाया

inh+

भ्रातुर्जाया


bhráanzu

head

bhráanzu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرانزوۡ)

بھرانزوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhráanzu (nominative singular)
bhráanza (nominative plural)
bhráanza (oblique singular)
bhráanzam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Cognate with Kalasha [script needed] (brhānz, “meadow”).


bhraapútr

head

bhraapútr m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراپُتر)

بھراپُتر (Perso-Arabic)
bhraapútr (nominative singular)
bhraaputrá (nominative plural)
bhraaputrá (oblique singular)
bhraaputróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Phalura bhraapútr
Compound of bhróo (“brother”) + putr (“son”).


bhraaudhií

head

bhraaudhií f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراوۡدھی)

بھراوۡدھی (Perso-Arabic)
bhraaudhií (nominative singular)
bhraaudhiiá (nominative plural)
bhraaudhiiá (oblique singular)
bhraaudhiióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Phalura bhraaudhií
Compound of bhróo (“brother”) + dhií (“daughter”).


bhraawéeli

head

bhraawéeli f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراویلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Phalura -wéeli
Phalura bhraawéeli
From bhróo + -wéeli.


bhringeečhínu

head

بھرنگیچِھنوۡ

bhringeečhínu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرنگیچِھنوۡ)

Bhringechino (part of Sharadesh in Ashret Valley)


bhrit

بھرِت (Perso-Arabic)
bhrít (nominative singular)
bhrití (nominative plural)
bhrití (oblique singular)
bhritíim (oblique plural)


bhrúuṇi

bhrúuṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرُوݨیۡ)

بھرُوݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhrúuṇi (nominative singular)
bhrúuṇim (nominative plural)
bhrúuṇi (oblique singular)
bhrúuṇim (oblique plural)


bhun mooṣṭá

bhun mooṣṭá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھن موݜٹہ)


bhun giraá

bhun giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھن گِرا)


bhunaṛáa

bhunaṛáa (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنہ ڑا)


bhunaṛó

bhunaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنہ ڑوۡ)


bhunimaá

bhunimaá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنِما)


bhúṛi

بُھڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhúṛi (nominative singular)
bhúṛim (nominative plural)
bhúṛi (oblique singular)
bhúṛim (oblique plural)

(agriculture) miller's share (portion of grain given as payment to a miller)


bhus

بُھس (Perso-Arabic)
bhús (nominative singular)
bhúsa (nominative plural)
bhúsa (oblique singular)
bhúsam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, any rubbish”).

inh+

(agriculture) straw (dried stalk of a cereal plant)


bhuuǰóo

head

bhuuǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھوجو)

From Sanskrit बुध्यते (budhyate, “is awakened, observes, understands”).


bhúuru

head

bhúuru (feminine bhúuri, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھوروۡ)

bhúuri (feminine)
بُھوروۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑁄𑀟 (*bhoḍa) or *𑀩𑁄𑀟 (*boḍa, “defective”).


bi na ... bi na

بیۡ نہ ۔۔۔ بیۡ نہ

bi na ... bi na (Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ نہ ۔۔۔ بیۡ نہ)


bi ... bi

bi ... bi (Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ ۔۔۔ بیۡ)


biaabaán

biaabaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِیابان)

بِیابان (Perso-Arabic)
biaabaán (nominative singular)
biaabeení (nominative plural)
biaabeení (oblique singular)
biaabeeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian wydʾpʾn
Classical Persian بِیَابَان (biyābān)der.
Phalura biaabaán
Borrowed from Urdu بِیَابَان (biyābān), from Classical Persian بِیَابَان (biyābān).


biaáǰ

بِئاج (Perso-Arabic)
biaáǰ (nominative singular)
bieeǰí (nominative plural)
bieeǰí (oblique singular)
bieeǰíim (oblique plural)


bidráagu

head

bidráagu (feminine bidréegi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِدراگوۡ)

bidréegi (feminine)
بِدراگوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit *विधर्ग (vidharga, “without movement”), from ध्रज् (dhraj, “to move”). Cognate with Kalami [script needed] (bilɔg).


bidréegi

head

bidréegi (Perso-Arabic spelling بِدریگیۡ)


bíi

بی (Perso-Arabic)
bíi (nominative singular)
bíia (nominative plural)
bíia (oblique singular)
bíiam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bíHȷ́am
Sanskrit बीज (bīja)
Phalura bíi
Inherited from Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed, semen”).


bíi

head

bíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بی)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wreg-
Sanskrit व्रजति (vrajati)
Phalura bíi
Inherited from Sanskrit व्रजति (vrajati, “goes, wanders”).

etymon

sa>व्रजति>go


bíiḍu

head

bíiḍu (feminine bíiḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِیڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit विवृद्ध (vivṛddha, “grown, large”).


bíǰi

بِجیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bíǰi (nominative singular)
bíǰim (nominative plural)
bíǰi (oblique singular)
bíǰim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
Phalura bíǰi
Inherited from Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut, “flashing; lightning”). Doublet of biǰlí (“electricity”).


biǰlí

بِجلیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
biǰlí (nominative singular)
biǰliá (nominative plural)
biǰlí (oblique singular)
biǰlióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
Proto-Indo-European *lentéh₂?
Sanskrit लता (latā)
Sanskrit विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā)
Urdu بِجْلِی (bijlī)bor.
Phalura biǰlí
Borrowed from Urdu بِجْلِی (bijlī), from Sanskrit विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā), from विद्युत् (vidyut) + लता (latā).


biǰóola

head

biǰóola (feminine biǰéeli, Perso-Arabic spelling بِجولہ)

biǰéeli (feminine)
بِجولہ (Perso-Arabic)


bilíǰa

bilíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِلجہ)


bilóo

bilóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِلو)


bimeerí

bimeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِمیریۡ)

بِمیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bimeerí (nominative singular)
bimeeriá (nominative plural)
bimeeriá (oblique singular)
bimeerióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁-
Middle Persian -ār
Middle Persian wymʾl
Persian بیمار
Persian ـی
Classical Persian بیمَارِی (bēmārī)bor.
Urdu بِیمَارِی (bīmārī)bor.
Phalura bimeerí
Borrowed from Urdu بِیمَارِی (bīmārī).


bimóoṭ

Bimot (place in Patodham in Ashret Valley)


bistíiṇu

head

bistíiṇu (feminine bistíiṇi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِستِیݨوۡ)

bistíiṇi (feminine)
بِستِیݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit विस्तीर्ण (vistīrṇa, “spread out, extensive”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


bistiṇóokam

head

bistiṇóokam (Perso-Arabic spelling بِستِݨوکم)


biṣáama

biṣáama (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِݜامہ)

From Sanskrit विश्रमते (viśramate, “rests”).


bigaár

بِگار (Perso-Arabic)
bigaár (nominative singular)
bigeerí (nominative plural)
bigeerí (oblique singular)
bigeeríim (oblique plural)

From Urdu بیگَار (begār), from Classical Persian بیگَار (bēgār, “forced unpaid labour”).


bigaaṣíi

head

bigaaṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِگاݜی)


booɣlá

بوغلہ (Perso-Arabic)
booɣlá (nominative singular)
booɣleé (nominative plural)
booɣlá (oblique singular)
booɣleém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ)bor.
Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa')der.?
Phalura booɣlá
Possibly from Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa'), borrowed from Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ).


booǰái

بوجئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
booǰái (nominative singular)
booǰée (nominative plural)
booǰéea (nominative plural)
booǰée (oblique singular)
booǰéea (oblique singular)
booǰéem (oblique plural)


bóolu

بولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bóolu (nominative singular)
bóola (nominative plural)
bóola (oblique singular)
bóolam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वाल (vāla)
Phalura bóolu
Inherited from Sanskrit वाल (vāla, “hair of tail, tail, hair”).


bóor thíi

head

bóor thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بور تھی)


bóoš

From Sanskrit द्वादश (dvādaśa, “twelve”).


bootál

بوتل (Perso-Arabic)
bootál (nominative singular)
bootalí (nominative plural)
bootalí (oblique singular)
bootalíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Latin buttis
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin -culus
Late Latin butticula
Old French boteille
French bouteillebor.
Portuguese botelhabor.
Urdu بوتَل (botal)bor.
Phalura bootál
Borrowed from Urdu بوتَل (botal).


bráam

برام (Perso-Arabic)
bráam (nominative singular)
bráama (nominative plural)
bráama (oblique singular)
bráamam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mer-
Sanskrit मर्मन् (marman)
Phalura bráam
Inherited from Sanskrit मर्मन् (marman, “vulnerable spot, vital organ; secret; limb, joint”). Cognate with Dameli مرَم (mram, “joint”).


breéx

بریخ (Perso-Arabic)
breéx (nominative singular)
breexí (nominative plural)
breexí (oblique singular)
breexíim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (brex).


breéx díi

head

breéx díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بریخ دی)


breéx nikhíi

breéx nikhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بریخ نِکھی)


bruǰéeli

bruǰéeli f (Perso-Arabic spelling برُجیلیۡ)

Brujeli (peak in Kodgha in Ashret Valley)


buc̣h

بُڇھ (Perso-Arabic)
búc̣h (nominative singular)
buc̣há (nominative plural)
buc̣há (oblique singular)
buc̣hóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-der.
Sanskrit बुभुक्षति (bubhukṣati)
Sanskrit बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā)
Phalura buc̣h
Inherited from Sanskrit बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā, “desire to eat, hunger”).


buc̣haalíi

head

buc̣haalíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھالی)


buc̣héeli

buc̣héeli (Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھیلیۡ)


buc̣hóolu

buc̣hóolu (feminine buc̣héeli, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھولوۡ)

buc̣héeli (feminine)
بُڇھولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit *बुभुक्षक (bubhukṣaka, “desiring to eat”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-ulla-) + -𑀓- (-ka-), a back-formation from बुभुक्षति (bubhukṣati, “to desire to eat”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


buc̣húṇa

head

buc̣húṇa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇُھݨہ)

From Sanskrit *विक्षुणत्ति (vikṣuṇatti, “pounds”).

inh

*विक्षुणत्ति


búdu

head

búdu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُدوۡ)


búḍa

búḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڈہ)


búḍa

بُڈہ (Perso-Arabic)
búḍa (nominative singular)
búḍam (nominative plural)
búḍa (oblique singular)
búḍam (oblique plural)


buḍóo

buḍóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڈو)


búǰa

búǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُجہ)

From Sanskrit बुध्यते (budhyate, “is awakened, observes, understands”).


buǰóo

head

buǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُجو)


búku

búku (feminine búki, Perso-Arabic spelling بُکوۡ)

Probably inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*bukka, “defective”). Cognate with Torwali [script needed] (būk, “blunt”), Dameli بوکَ (bōka, “blunt”).


buláaḍa

head

buláaḍa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُلاڈہ)


bulooṣṭóo

bulooṣṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُلوݜٹو)


butsóo

butsóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڅو)


bútsu

بُڅوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bútsu (nominative singular)
bútsa (nominative plural)
bútsa (oblique singular)
bútsam (oblique plural)


buṭheé

buṭheé (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹھے)


buṭhimeém

buṭhimeém (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹِھمیم)


búṭi

بُٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
búṭi (nominative singular)
búṭim (nominative plural)
búṭi (oblique singular)
búṭim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀽𑀝 (*būṭa, “bush, plant”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Cognate with Hindi बूटा (būṭā, “bush”), Romani buro (“thornbush”). Dardic cognates are lacking. Compare Classical Persian بوتَه (bōta, “bush”).


buṭíi

head

buṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹی)


buuḍíi

buuḍíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈی)


buuḍóolu

buuḍóolu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈولوۡ)

بُوڈولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
buuḍóolu (nominative singular)
buuḍóola (nominative plural)
buuḍóola (oblique singular)
buuḍóolam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Cognate with Kalami [script needed] (gaṅgar-bū́ṭ, “spider”).


búuḍu

head

búuḍu (feminine búuḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha, “old”).


búusi

بُوسیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
búusi (nominative singular)
búusim (nominative plural)
búusi (oblique singular)
búusim (oblique plural)


buzeeghaá

head

buzeeghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling بزیگھا)

Buzegha (hamlet in upper Ashret Valley with a Pashtun majority)


buzrúg

بُزرگ (Perso-Arabic)
buzrúg (nominative singular)
buzrugaán (nominative plural)
buzrugá (nominative plural)
buzrugá (oblique singular)
buzrugoóm (oblique plural)
buzrugaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́rasder.
Old Persian 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 (v-z-r-k)
Classical Persian بُزُرْگ (buzurg)bor.
Urdu بُزُرْگ (buzurg)bor.
Phalura buzrúg
Borrowed from Urdu بُزُرْگ (buzurg).

etymon

ur>بُزُرْگ>old


čaapheér

head

čaapheér (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چاپھیر)

From Pashto [script needed] (čaaper, čaapera).


čáara

head

čáara (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چارہ)


čaaríi

čaaríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چاری)


čaaršambá

čaaršambá m (Perso-Arabic spelling چارشمبہ)


čaargúl

čaargúl m (Perso-Arabic spelling چارگُل)


čaáx

čaáx (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چاخ)


čakaaḍhám

čakaaḍhám m (Perso-Arabic spelling چکاڈھم)

Chakadham (settlement in Dhamaret, Biori Valley)


čakatíi

čakatíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چکتی)


čalaíǰa

čalaíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چلئِجہ)


čalayíi

čalayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چلئی)


čamán

From Urdu چمن (caman), from Persian [Term?].


čand

čand (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چند)

From Urdu چند (cand), from Persian چند (čand).


čandeešúma

čandeešúma (Perso-Arabic spelling چندیشُمہ)


čandíiš

From Sanskrit चतुर्दश (caturdaśa, “fourteen”).


čapíi

head

čapíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چپی)


čarbhaáng

čarbhaáng f (Perso-Arabic spelling چربھانگ)


čaukaáṭ

From Pashto [script needed] (čaukhaṭ), from Pashto (Urdu) čaukhaṭ.


čeemáaru

čeemáaru (Perso-Arabic spelling چیماروۡ)


čeeméeri

čeeméeri (Perso-Arabic spelling چیمیریۡ)


čháaḍa

čháaḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھاڈہ)


čhaál

From Sanskrit छगल (chagala, “goat (masc)”).


čhaaṭíi

čhaaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھاٹی)


čhay

From Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “shade, shadow, reflection; complexion; beauty (f)”).


čhéeli

From Sanskrit छगलिका (chagalikā, “goat (fem. der.)”).


čhíi

From Sanskrit छादि (chādi, “*covering”).


čhin thíi

head

čhin thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھن تھی)


čhínǰa

čhínǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھنجہ)

to fall, strike, be felled, be cut off, break apart


čhooríi

čhooríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھوری)

From Sanskrit छोरयति (chorayati, “removes, throws away, abandons”).


čhoót

From Sanskrit *स्त्यातदुग्ध (styātadugdha, “coagulated milk”).

*स्त्यातदुग्ध


čhub bhíi

head

čhub bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھب بھی)


čhudóo

čhudóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھدو)


čhúuṇu

čhúuṇu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھوݨوۡ)


číčal

From Sanskrit *किच्च (kicca, “mud, dirt”).


číči

From Sanskrit *चुच्चि (cucci, “female breast, nipple”).


číɣi díi

head

číɣi díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چِغیۡ دی)


čiiríi

čiiríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِیری)


čiiríitu

čiiríitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِیرِیتوۡ)


čiíz

From Urdu چیز (cīz), from Persian [Term?].


čilaás

Chilas (town in Indus Valley, the place of origin of the forefather of most Ashretis)


čímar

From Sanskrit †चीमर (†cīmara, “copper”).


čimaríilu

čimaríilu (Perso-Arabic spelling چِمرِیلوۡ)


čimikíi

čimikíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِمِکی)


činaaróom

činaaróom m (Perso-Arabic spelling چِناروم)

Chinarom (a place in lower Ashret Valley)


čináaxti

čináaxti f (Perso-Arabic spelling چِناختیۡ)


číta

číta (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِتہ)


čóoḍ díi

čóoḍ díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چوڈ دی)


čoolaá bhíi

čoolaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چولا بھی)


čoonkóo

čoonkóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چونکو)


čoóng

traditional cheese made from lassi by heating it until partly solid


čooṇṭóo

čooṇṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چونٹو)


čoór

From Sanskrit चोर (cora, “thief (masc)”).


čooṭíi

čooṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چوٹی)


čorkúuṇḍu

čorkúuṇḍu m (Perso-Arabic spelling چوۡرکُونڈوۡ)


čukíi

čukíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُکی)

From Sanskrit चुक्कयति (cukkayati, “inflicts or suffers pain”).


čúkru

From Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sour, sharp to the taste”).


čukuṣóo

head

čukuṣóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُکُݜو)


čúla

čúla (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُلہ)

From Sanskrit *चुल् (cul, “fidget, itch”).


čulóo

čulóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُلو)


čumanéeṛi

čumanéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling چُمنیڑیۡ)


čúṇu

From Sanskrit चूर्ण (cūrṇa, “*pulverized (minute)”).


čurúṛa

head

čurúṛa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُرُڑہ)


čuruṭíi

čuruṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُرُٹی)


čúur

From Sanskrit चतुरः (caturaḥ, “four (masc.acc.pl.)”).


čúur bhišá

head

čúur bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling چُور بِھشہ)


čuuṣíi

čuuṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُوݜی)


c̣aṇẓá

ڇنڙہ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣aṇẓá (nominative singular)
c̣aṇẓeé (nominative plural)
c̣aṇẓá (oblique singular)
c̣aṇẓeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Khowar [script needed] (ǰ̣anǰ̣a).


c̣haaṇbharó

head

c̣haaṇbharó m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھاݨ بھروۡ)

ڇھاݨ بھروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣haaṇbharó (nominative singular)
c̣haaṇbhará (nominative plural)
c̣haaṇbhará (oblique singular)
c̣haaṇbharám (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Sanskrit भार (bhāra)
Phalura bháaru
Phalura c̣haaṇbharó
Compound of c̣hóoṇ (“oak tree”) + bháaru (“load”).


c̣haár

ڇھار (Perso-Arabic)
c̣haár (nominative singular)
c̣harí (nominative plural)
c̣harí (oblique singular)
c̣haríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara)
Phalura c̣haár
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara, “melting away; cloud; water”).


c̣hatróol

head

c̣hatróol m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھترول)

Chitral (the district or the administrative centre of the district)


c̣héeṇi

c̣héeṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھیݨیۡ)

ڇھیݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣héeṇi (nominative singular)
c̣héeṇim (nominative plural)
c̣héeṇi (oblique singular)
c̣héeṇim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Phalura -i
Phalura c̣héeṇi
From c̣hóoṇ + -i.


c̣híik

ڇِھیک (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híik (nominative singular)
c̣híika (nominative plural)
c̣híika (oblique singular)
c̣híikam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Compare Romani čik (“mud”), Hindi चीक (cīk, “mud”), from Prakrit *𑀘𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cikka).


c̣hiikíi

head

c̣hiikíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیکی)


c̣híiku

c̣híiku (feminine c̣híiki, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیکوۡ)

c̣híiki (feminine)
ڇِھیکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


c̣hiír

ڇِھیر (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hiír (nominative singular)
c̣hiirá (nominative plural)
c̣hiirá (oblique singular)
c̣hiiróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
Phalura c̣hiír
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra, “milk, thickened milk”).


c̣híiri

head

c̣híiri f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیری)

ڇِھیری (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híiri (nominative singular)
c̣híirim (nominative plural)
c̣híiri (oblique singular)
c̣híirim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit क्षीरवत् (kṣīravat)
Phalura c̣híiri
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीरवत् (kṣīravat, “furnished with milk”). By surface analysis, c̣hiír (“milk”) + -i.


c̣hiirgúlum

head

c̣hiirgúlum f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھِیرگُلُم)

ڇھِیرگُلُم (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hiirgúlum (nominative singular)
c̣hiirgúluma (nominative plural)
c̣hiirgúluma (oblique singular)
c̣hiirgúlumam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
Phalura c̣hiír
Phalura c̣hiirgúlum
Compound of c̣hiír (“milk”) + an uncertain element.


c̣híitr

head

c̣híitr m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیتر)

ڇِھیتر (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híitr (nominative singular)
c̣híitra (nominative plural)
c̣híitra (oblique singular)
c̣híitram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram
Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
Phalura c̣híitr
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- + *-trom.


c̣hiṇ

ڇِھݨ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híṇ (nominative singular)
c̣hiṇá (nominative plural)
c̣hiṇá (oblique singular)
c̣hiṇóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey-
Sanskrit क्षि (kṣi)
Sanskrit क्षीण (kṣīṇa)
Phalura c̣hiṇ
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीण (kṣīṇa, “worn away; feeble”).


c̣hoók

Choke (ancestor of the people of Ashret)


c̣hóoṇ

ڇھوݨ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hóoṇ (nominative singular)
c̣hóoṇa (nominative plural)
c̣hóoṇa (oblique singular)
c̣hóoṇam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Probably from Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita, “sifted, strained, fallen”), from *क्षन् (kṣan, “to sift”). Cognate with Kalami ڄان (c̣hān, “oak leaves, oak foliage”), Kashmiri छा॑ञू॒ (chā॑ñū॒, “sifting, straining, knocking down walnuts from a tree”), Hindi छानना (chānnā, “to sift”), and perhaps Proto-Iranian *šan- (“to shake”).

cog

(silver) oak, Quercus leucotrichophora (a common evergreen tree on the lower slopes in and around populated areas; its foliage is used for fodder and its wood for fuel)


c̣hoy

ڇھوئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hóy (nominative singular)
c̣hoyí (nominative plural)
c̣hoyí (oblique singular)
c̣hoyíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kes-
Proto-Indo-European *ksew-?
Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-der.
Phalura c̣hoy
From Sanskrit क्षोदित (kṣodita, “crushed; anything ground, dust, meal”), from क्षुद् (kṣud, “to crush”) + -इत (-ita), from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to crush”).


c̣hupíi

head

c̣hupíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇُھپی)

From Sanskrit *क्षुप्यते (kṣupyate, “is pressed”).


c̣húuṇc̣u

head

c̣húuṇc̣u (feminine c̣húuṇc̣i, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇُھونڇوۡ)

c̣húuṇc̣i (feminine)
ڇُھونڇوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Sanskrit *सूङ्क्ष (sūṅkṣa, “straight”), probably from सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma).


c̣huúr

ڇُھور (Perso-Arabic)
c̣huúr (nominative singular)
c̣huúra (nominative plural)
c̣huúra (oblique singular)
c̣huúram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kes-
Proto-Indo-European *ksew-
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás
Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura)
Phalura c̣huúr
From Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura, “razor; sharp barb of arrow; knife, dagger”).


c̣iinkíi

head

c̣iinkíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِینکی)

to twitter (esp. the sound made by birds), squawk


daádu

daádu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دادوۡ)


daairá

دائِرہ (Perso-Arabic)
daairá (nominative singular)
daaireé (nominative plural)
daairá (oblique singular)
daaireém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira)bor.
Classical Persian دَایِرَه (dāyira)der.
Phalura daairá
Borrowed from Urdu دَایْرَہ (dāyra, “circle”), from Classical Persian دَایِرَه (dāyira).


daáǰa

head

daáǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling داجہ)

From Sanskrit दह्यते (dahyate, “is burnt”).


daalaán

دالان (Perso-Arabic)
daalaán (nominative singular)
daaleení (nominative plural)
daaleení (oblique singular)
daaleeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَالَان (dālān)der.
Phalura daalaán
Borrowed from Urdu دَالَان (dālān), from Classical Persian دَالَان (dālān, “hall”).


daaná

دانہ (Perso-Arabic)
daaná (nominative singular)
daaneé (nominative plural)
daaná (oblique singular)
daaneém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂
Classical Persian دَانَه (dāna)bor.
Urdu دَانَہ (dāna)bor.
Phalura daaná
Borrowed from Urdu دَانَہ (dāna), borrowed from Classical Persian دَانَه (dāna), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂.


dáand

From Sanskrit दन्त (danta, “tooth (masc)”).


dáand

From Sanskrit धनु (dhanu, “dry land (fem); desert (masc)”).


dáar

دار (Perso-Arabic)
dáar (nominative singular)
dará (nominative plural)
dará (oblique singular)
daróom (oblique plural)


daarú

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Proto-Iranian *dā́ru
Proto-Iranian *-kah
Proto-Iranian *dā́rukah?
Classical Persian دَارُو (dārū)bor.
Urdu دَارُو (dārū)bor.
Phalura daarú
Borrowed from Urdu دَارُو (dārū).


daarulxilaafá

head

daarulxilaafá m (Perso-Arabic spelling دارُلخِلافہ)

دارُلخِلافہ (Perso-Arabic)
daarulxilaafá (nominative singular)
daarulxilaafeé (nominative plural)
daarulxilaafá (oblique singular)
daarulxilaafeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu دارالخلافت (dārul-xilāfat), from Arabic.


dáaš bhišá

head

dáaš bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling داش بِھشہ)


dáaš zára

dáaš zára (Perso-Arabic spelling داش زرہ)


daawá

داوہ (Perso-Arabic)
daawá (nominative singular)
daaweé (nominative plural)
daawá (oblique singular)
daaweém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَعْویٰ (da'wā)bor.
Urdu دَعْویٰ (da'vā)bor.
Phalura daawá
Borrowed from Urdu دَعْویٰ (da'vā).


daawá thíi

head

daawá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling داوہ تھی)