eeteeṇú

head

eeteeṇú (feminine eeteeṇí or ateeṇí, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتیݨوۡ)

eeteeṇí (feminine)
ateeṇí (feminine)
ایتیݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


ḍhíngar

ḍhíngar m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِھنگر)


ɣáli

ɣáli (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling غلیۡ)


hansóo

hansóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہنسو)


buzrúg

بُزرگ (Perso-Arabic)
buzrúg (nominative singular)
buzrugaán (nominative plural)
buzrugá (nominative plural)
buzrugá (oblique singular)
buzrugoóm (oblique plural)
buzrugaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́rasder.
Old Persian 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 (v-z-r-k)
Classical Persian بُزُرْگ (buzurg)bor.
Urdu بُزُرْگ (buzurg)bor.
Phalura buzrúg
Borrowed from Urdu بُزُرْگ (buzurg).

etymon

ur>بُزُرْگ>old


daairá

دائِرہ (Perso-Arabic)
daairá (nominative singular)
daaireé (nominative plural)
daairá (oblique singular)
daaireém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira)bor.
Classical Persian دَایِرَه (dāyira)der.
Phalura daairá
Borrowed from Urdu دَایْرَہ (dāyra, “circle”), from Classical Persian دَایِرَه (dāyira).


ɣoṛ

head

ɣoṛ (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling غوۡڑ)


heentá

heentá (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling ہینتہ)


heeṇṣúka

heeṇṣúka (Perso-Arabic spelling ہینݜُکہ)


eetheelúku

eetheelúku (feminine eetheelúki, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتھیلُکوۡ)

eetheelúki (feminine)
ایتھیلُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


eetríloo niigiraá

ایترِلو نِیگِرا

eetríloo niigiraá (Perso-Arabic spelling ایترِلو نِیگِرا)

ایترِلو نِیگِرا (Perso-Arabic)


eetríli

eetríli (Perso-Arabic spelling ایترِلیۡ)

From Sanskrit *आत्र̥तीयम् (ātrḁtīyam, “on the third (day) back or forwards”).


hooṭalwaál

head

hooṭalwaál m (Perso-Arabic spelling ہوٹل وال)


dhoóṛoo niigiraá

دھوڑو نِیگِرا

dhoóṛoo niigiraá (Perso-Arabic spelling دھوڑو نِیگِرا)


ɣúsul thíi

ɣúsul thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling غُسل تھی)


huṇḍaṛáa

huṇḍaṛáa (Perso-Arabic spelling ہُنڈہ ڑا)


bimeerí

bimeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِمیریۡ)

بِمیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bimeerí (nominative singular)
bimeeriá (nominative plural)
bimeeriá (oblique singular)
bimeerióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁-
Middle Persian -ār
Middle Persian wymʾl
Persian بیمار
Persian ـی
Classical Persian بیمَارِی (bēmārī)bor.
Urdu بِیمَارِی (bīmārī)bor.
Phalura bimeerí
Borrowed from Urdu بِیمَارِی (bīmārī).


ɣaltí thíi

head

ɣaltí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling غلطیۡ تھی)


hóonsa

hóonsa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہونسہ)


halóol thíi

halóol thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حلول تھی)


ɣusulxaaná

ɣusulxaaná m (Perso-Arabic spelling غُسل خانہ)


eeṛó

eeṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑوۡ)

From Sanskrit आर (āra, “from a distance (pronominal stem)”).


haár díi

head

haár díi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ہار دی)


haṇoó

From Sanskrit आण्ड (āṇḍa, “egg (neut); testicles; scrotum”).


darǰá

درجہ (Perso-Arabic)
darǰá (nominative singular)
darǰeé (nominative plural)
darǰá (oblique singular)
darǰeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَرَجَة (daraja)bor.
Classical Persian دَرَجَه (daraja)bor.
Urdu دَرْجَہ (darja)bor.
Phalura darǰá
Borrowed from Urdu دَرْجَہ (darja).


dabdabá

Borrowed from Urdu دَبْدَبَہ (dabdaba, “pomp”), from Classical Persian دَبْدَبَه (dabdaba, “great noise, (sound of a) drum”), from Arabic دَبْدَبَة (dabdaba, “sound of footsteps”).


haáḍ

From Sanskrit हड्ड (haḍḍa, “bone (neut)”).


hiǰ

From Pashto [script needed] (hič), from Persian [Term?].


hamlá thíi

head

hamlá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حملہ تھی)


hairaán bhíi

hairaán bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حئیران بھی)


dutagháanu

دُھتہ گھانوۡ

dutagháanu (feminine dutaghéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling دُھتہ گھانوۡ)

dutaghéeni (feminine)
دُھتہ گھانوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Perhaps compound of dhut (“mouth”) + gháanu (“big, large”), with deaspiration of the unstressed syllable.


badmaáš

head

badmaáš m (Perso-Arabic spelling بدمعاش)

بدمعاش (Perso-Arabic)
badmaáš (nominative singular)
badmaašaán (nominative plural)
badmaašá (nominative plural)
badmaašá (oblique singular)
badmaašoóm (oblique plural)
badmaašaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *watah
Classical Persian بَد (bad)
Arabic عَاشَ (ʕāša)
Arabic مَعَاش (maʕāš)bor.
Classical Persian مَعَاش (ma'āš)
Classical Persian بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āš)bor.
Urdu بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āś)bor.
Phalura badmaáš
Borrowed from Urdu بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āś), borrowed from Classical Persian بَدْمَعَاش (badma'āš), from بَد (bad) + مَعَاش (ma'āš).

etymon

ur>بَدْمَعَاش>rascal


-íin

Third person plural suffix (with e-ending verb stems)


háara

head

háara (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہارہ)

From Sanskrit हरति (harati, “carries, brings; takes away”).

inh

to pull, take (sb or sth) [away], abduct, bring, move


héeṛi

From Sanskrit आति (āti, “an aquatic bird; Turdus ginginianus (fem)”).


-íǰ

Passive-deriving (or valence-decreasing) suffix


eetibaár

head

eetibaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling اعتبار)

From Urdu اعتبار (e'tibār), from Arabic اِعْتِبَار (iʕtibār).


haát díi

haát díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ہات دی)


farištá

farištá m (Perso-Arabic spelling فرِشتہ)

From Urdu فرشتہ (firiśta), from Persian [Term?].


háansa

háansa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہانسہ)


haáṭ

From Sanskrit *आर्त (ārta, “flour; food”).


híni

híni (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنیۡ)


híni

híni (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنیۡ)


faaríɣ

faaríɣ (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling فارغ)

Borrowed from Urdu فارغ (fāriġ), from Arabic فَارِغ (fāriḡ).


hína

hína (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنہ)


hína

hína (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنہ)


heeṇṣukóoku

heeṇṣukóoku (feminine heeṇṣukéeki, Perso-Arabic spelling ہینݜُکوکوۡ)

heeṇṣukéeki (feminine)
ہینݜُکوکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


bíǰi

بِجیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bíǰi (nominative singular)
bíǰim (nominative plural)
bíǰi (oblique singular)
bíǰim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
Phalura bíǰi
Inherited from Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut, “flashing; lightning”). Doublet of biǰlí (“electricity”).


c̣híiri

head

c̣híiri f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیری)

ڇِھیری (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híiri (nominative singular)
c̣híirim (nominative plural)
c̣híiri (oblique singular)
c̣híirim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit क्षीरवत् (kṣīravat)
Phalura c̣híiri
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीरवत् (kṣīravat, “furnished with milk”). By surface analysis, c̣hiír (“milk”) + -i.


badán

بدن (Perso-Arabic)
badán (nominative singular)
badaní (nominative plural)
badaní (oblique singular)
badaníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic بَدَن (badan)bor.
Classical Persian بَدَن (badan)bor.
Urdu بَدَن (badan)bor.
Phalura badán
Borrowed from Urdu بَدَن (badan), borrowed from Classical Persian بَدَن (badan), borrowed from Arabic بَدَن (badan).


-íit

Second person plural suffix (with e-ending verb stems)


-íiṛ

Second person singular suffix (with e-ending verb stems)


hiǰrát thíi

head

hiǰrát thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِجرت تھی)


daaná

دانہ (Perso-Arabic)
daaná (nominative singular)
daaneé (nominative plural)
daaná (oblique singular)
daaneém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂
Classical Persian دَانَه (dāna)bor.
Urdu دَانَہ (dāna)bor.
Phalura daaná
Borrowed from Urdu دَانَہ (dāna), borrowed from Classical Persian دَانَه (dāna), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂.


eesé

head

eesé (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایسےۡ)


c̣huúr

ڇُھور (Perso-Arabic)
c̣huúr (nominative singular)
c̣huúra (nominative plural)
c̣huúra (oblique singular)
c̣huúram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kes-
Proto-Indo-European *ksew-
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás
Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura)
Phalura c̣huúr
From Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura, “razor; sharp barb of arrow; knife, dagger”).


haftá

From Urdu ہفتہ (hafta), from Persian [Term?].


eé

head

eé (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling اے)

Marker of exclusivity, emphasis, intensification or continuity


islaamabaád

islaamabaád m (Perso-Arabic spelling اِسلام آباد)


heesóoba ki yhíi

حیسوبہ کیۡ یھی

heesóoba ki yhíi (Perso-Arabic spelling حیسوبہ کیۡ یھی)


háanǰa díi

háanǰa díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ہانجہ دی)


aaramúṭ

aaramúṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آرہ مُٹ)

آرہ مُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
aaramúṭ (nominative singular)
aaramuṭá (nominative plural)
aaramuṭá (oblique singular)
aaramuṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura óoru
Phalura muṭ
Phalura aaramúṭ
Compound of óoru (“peach”) + muṭ (“tree”).


haát

From Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand (masc); forearm as measure of length”).


hiimaál

head

hiimaál f (Perso-Arabic spelling ہِیمال)

From Sanskrit *हिमचल (himacala, “avalanche”).


ɣaríb

ɣaríb (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling غرِب)

From Urdu غریب (ġarīb), from Arabic غَرِيب (ḡarīb).


huṇḍ

From Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhva, “erect, being above”).


hukumát thíi

head

hukumát thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حُکومت تھی)


daulát

دولت (Perso-Arabic)
daulát (nominative singular)
daulatí (nominative plural)
daulatí (oblique singular)
daulatíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَوْلَة (dawla)bor.
Classical Persian دَولَت (dawlat)der.
Phalura daulát
Borrowed from Urdu دَولَت (daulat), from Classical Persian دَولَت (dawlat).


huṇḍaṛó

head

huṇḍaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ہُنڈہ ڑوۡ)

that up (uphill) there (agr: dist nom masc sg)


eeṛé

eeṛé (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑےۡ)

that (agr: dist fem / dist non-nom masc)


ɣúsul

From Urdu غسل (ġusl), from Arabic غُسْل (ḡusl).


ištikóo

ištikóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اِشتِکو)


-íil

Derivational suffix forming adjectives from nouns (particularly denoting materials or substances)


-íil

Perfective suffix (with some e-ending L-verbs)


ɣaár

From Urdu غار (ġār), from Arabic غَار (ḡār).


hamál

From Urdu عمل (ʼamal, “work, deed, operation, practice”), from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal, “work, deed, operation, practice”).


iẓḍúuṛ

head

iẓḍúuṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling اِڙڈُوڑ)


huṇḍ giraá

huṇḍ giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling ہُنڈ گِرا)


ilaán thíi

ilaán thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اِعلان تھی)


išpeerí

išpeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling اِشپیریۡ)


hileéṛ

hileéṛ (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِلیڑ)

Unknown. Perhaps related to Gilgiti Shina [script needed] (hĭyḗlŭ, “brave”), which would mean derivation from Sanskrit हृदयालु (hṛdayālu, “affectionate”).


foóǰ

From Urdu فوج (fauj), from Arabic فَوْج (fawj).


fanaá bhíi

head

fanaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling فنا بھی)

From Urdu فنا (fanā), from Arabic فَنَاء (fanāʔ).


húkum

From Urdu حکم (hukm), from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm).


intizaár thíi

intizaár thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling انتظار تھی)


ɣarbán

From Persian [script needed] (ɣarb), from Arabic غَرْبًا (ḡarban).


hamlá

From Urdu حملہ (hamla), from Persian حمله, from Arabic حَمْلَة (ḥamla).


inkaár thíi

inkaár thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اِنکار تھی)


-íl

-úul

With a-ending L-verb stems followed by a masculine agreement suffix in Biori

-éel

With a-ending L-verb stems followed by a feminine agreement suffix


c̣hiír

ڇِھیر (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hiír (nominative singular)
c̣hiirá (nominative plural)
c̣hiirá (oblique singular)
c̣hiiróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
Phalura c̣hiír
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra, “milk, thickened milk”).


iṣkóor bhíi

head

iṣkóor bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اِݜکور بھی)


dúbhišee tríiš

دُبِھشے ترِیش

dúbhišee tríiš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے ترِیش)


ɣalát

ɣalát (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling غلط)

From Urdu غلط (ġalat), from Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ).


c̣híitr

c̣híitr m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیتر)

ڇِھیتر (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híitr (nominative singular)
c̣híitra (nominative plural)
c̣híitra (oblique singular)
c̣híitram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram
Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
Phalura c̣híitr
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- + *-trom.


dhráac̣

دھراڇ (Perso-Arabic)
dhráac̣ (nominative singular)
dhráac̣a (nominative plural)
dhráac̣a (oblique singular)
dhráac̣am (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂ǵ-?
Sanskrit द्राक्षा (drākṣā)
Phalura dhráac̣
Inherited from Sanskrit द्राक्षा (drākṣā), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂ǵ-.


halóol

head

halóol (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling حلول)

Borrowed from Urdu حلال (halāl), from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl).


dúšii thíi

dúšii thíi (Perso-Arabic spelling دُشی تھی)


faaidá

From Urdu فائدہ (fāida), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida).


bootál

بوتل (Perso-Arabic)
bootál (nominative singular)
bootalí (nominative plural)
bootalí (oblique singular)
bootalíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Latin buttis
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin -culus
Late Latin butticula
Old French boteille
French bouteillebor.
Portuguese botelhabor.
Urdu بوتَل (botal)bor.
Phalura bootál
Borrowed from Urdu بوتَل (botal).


-íi

Third person singular suffix (with e-ending verb stems)


-íi

Genitive suffix (with accent-shifting nouns)


dúbhišee ṣoṛíiš

head

دُبِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش

dúbhišee ṣoṛíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش)

دُبِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش (Perso-Arabic)


eetiitíitu

eetiitíitu (feminine eetiitíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتِیتِیتوۡ)

eetiitíiti (feminine)
ایتِیتِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


fláiṭ

From Urdu فلائٹ (flāiṭ), from English flight.


ispinatsalá

ispinatsalá m (Perso-Arabic spelling اِسپِنہ څلہ)

From Pashto [script needed] (spiina ; Pashto '40 days of extreme heat, cold or rain').

bor

a 40-day period during which the weather is turning cold and there is possibility of snow fall (1 Dec-10 Jan)


ɣaltí

From Urdu غلطی (ġaltī, ġalatī), from Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ).


ǰandíi

head

ǰandíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جندی)


hazrát

hazrát (honorific, Perso-Arabic spelling حضرت)

From Urdu حضرت (hazrat), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic حَضْرَة (ḥaḍra).


déeṛi

From Sanskrit *दांष्ट्र (dāṃṣṭra, “fang, tusk, beard”).


išaará thíi

head

išaará thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اِشارہ تھی)


ǰanǰ

the bringing of the bride to the bridegroom's house


c̣hóoṇ

ڇھوݨ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hóoṇ (nominative singular)
c̣hóoṇa (nominative plural)
c̣hóoṇa (oblique singular)
c̣hóoṇam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Probably from Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita, “sifted, strained, fallen”), from *क्षन् (kṣan, “to sift”). Cognate with Kalami ڄان (c̣hān, “oak leaves, oak foliage”), Kashmiri छा॑ञू॒ (chā॑ñū॒, “sifting, straining, knocking down walnuts from a tree”), Hindi छानना (chānnā, “to sift”), and perhaps Proto-Iranian *šan- (“to shake”).

cog

(silver) oak, Quercus leucotrichophora (a common evergreen tree on the lower slopes in and around populated areas; its foliage is used for fodder and its wood for fuel)


haalaát

From Urdu حالات (hālāt), from Arabic حَالَات (ḥālāt).

der

Arabic حَالَات (ḥālāt)


-íim

Oblique plural suffix (with i-declension nouns)


-íim

Instrumental suffix (with i-declension nouns)


daalaán

دالان (Perso-Arabic)
daalaán (nominative singular)
daaleení (nominative plural)
daaleení (oblique singular)
daaleeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَالَان (dālān)der.
Phalura daalaán
Borrowed from Urdu دَالَان (dālān), from Classical Persian دَالَان (dālān, “hall”).


daftár

دفتر (Perso-Arabic)
daftár (nominative singular)
daftarí (nominative plural)
daftarí (oblique singular)
daftaríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā?
Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra)der.
Classical Persian دَفْتَر (daftar)bor.
Urdu دَفْتَر (daftar)bor.
Phalura daftár
Borrowed from Urdu دَفْتَر (daftar).


hooṭál

From Urdu ہوٹل (hoṭal), from French hôtel.


hóol

From Urdu ہول (haul), from Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl).


-eé

Plural suffix (with ee-declension nouns)


-eé

Converb suffix (with o-ending verb stems)


ibaadát thíi

head

ibaadát thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عبادت تھی)


dhaán

دھان (Perso-Arabic)
dhaán (nominative singular)
dhaná (nominative plural)
dhaná (oblique singular)
dhanóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂-
Sanskrit धन् (dhan)
Sanskrit धन (dhana)
Phalura dhaán
Inherited from Sanskrit धन (dhana), from धन् (dhan), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂-. Note the semantic change from "prize" to "herd" in other Indo-Aryan cognates; the development to "goat" in Phalura is exceptional, but compare Shina [script needed] (don, “herd of goats”), Bhalesi Bhadrawahi धण (dhaṇ, “flock of goats and sheep”).


ǰhalóo

head

ǰhalóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جھلو)


ǰandóo

ǰandóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جندو)


heesóob

From Urdu حساب (hisāb), from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb).


ǰhaalíi

ǰhaalíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جھالی)


fásil

From Urdu فصل (fasl, fasal), from Arabic فَصْل (faṣl).


ɣam

From Urdu غم (ġam), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).


intizaár

intizaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling انتظار)

From Urdu انتظار (intizār), from Arabic اِنْتِظَار (intiẓār).


dhaataár

dhaataár m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھاتار)

دھاتار (Perso-Arabic)
dhaataár (nominative singular)
dhaatará (nominative plural)
dhaatará (oblique singular)
dhaataróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH-
Sanskrit धम् (dham)der.
Phalura dhaataár
Inherited from Sanskrit *ध्मात्र (dhmātra, “fireplace”), from धम् (dham).


ǰhaarúuṛu

head

ǰhaarúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling جھارُوڑوۡ)


ǰáma thíi

ǰáma thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جمہ تھی)


ǰaláṣ

ǰaláṣ (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling جلݜ)

Unknown. Compare Torwali goat's hair (ǰaṣ).


ǰhaanóo

ǰhaanóo (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جھانو)


haasíl thíi

haasíl thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حاصِل تھی)

From Urdu حاصل (hāsil), from Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil).


ǰheemilí

ǰheemilí f (Perso-Arabic spelling جھیمِلیۡ)


ǰáar

From Sanskrit ज्वर (jvara, “fever (masc)”).


ǰaadú thíi

ǰaadú thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جادوۡ تھی)


ǰíi

ǰíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جی)


hiǰrát

From Urdu ہجرت (hijrat), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra).


ǰhambróoṛu

ǰhambróoṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling جھمبروڑوۡ)


ǰítu

ǰítu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جِتوۡ)


izraáṇ

From Sanskrit इन्द्रधनुष् (indradhanuṣ, “rainbow”).


ǰaṣṭáanguṛ

head

ǰaṣṭáanguṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling جݜٹانگُڑ)

/dʑaʂʈaaŋɡúɽ/

From Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha, “first, chief”).


ǰáanu

From Sanskrit जन (jana, “race, person (masc)”).


ǰoṣíi

head

ǰoṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جوۡݜی)


ilaán

From Urdu اعلان (e'lān), from Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān).

der

Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān)


eení

head

eení (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اینیۡ)

this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)


dhií

دھی (Perso-Arabic)
dhií (nominative singular)
dhiiá (nominative plural)
dhií (oblique singular)
dhiióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Inherited from Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr, possibly from *dʰewgʰ- + *-tḗr.


kakuaakmaáṇ

head

kakuaakmaáṇ f (Perso-Arabic spelling ککواک ماݨ)


iṣkóor

From Urdu شکار (śikār), from Persian [Term?].


insaáf

From Urdu انصاف (insāf), from Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf).

der

Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf)


ǰhambréeṛi

head

ǰhambréeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling جھمبریڑیۡ)


biǰlí

بِجلیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
biǰlí (nominative singular)
biǰliá (nominative plural)
biǰlí (oblique singular)
biǰlióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
Proto-Indo-European *lentéh₂?
Sanskrit लता (latā)
Sanskrit विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā)
Urdu بِجْلِی (bijlī)bor.
Phalura biǰlí
Borrowed from Urdu بِجْلِی (bijlī), from Sanskrit विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā), from विद्युत् (vidyut) + लता (latā).


ǰhuunkíi

head

ǰhuunkíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جُھونکی)


ǰargá thíi

ǰargá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جرگہ تھی)


bhraaudhií

bhraaudhií f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراوۡدھی)

بھراوۡدھی (Perso-Arabic)
bhraaudhií (nominative singular)
bhraaudhiiá (nominative plural)
bhraaudhiiá (oblique singular)
bhraaudhiióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Phalura bhraaudhií
Compound of bhróo (“brother”) + dhií (“daughter”).


ǰudaaí

head

ǰudaaí f (Perso-Arabic spelling جُدائیۡ)


kaakaá

kaakaá (honorific, Perso-Arabic spelling کاکا)


kaakoóṛ

kaakoóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling کاک اوڑ)


ǰhaní

From Sanskrit जनि (jani, “woman, wife (fem)”).


kaantaríi

head

kaantaríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کانتری)


inaám

From Urdu انعام (in'ām), from Arabic إِنْعَام (ʔinʕām).

der

Arabic إِنْعَام (ʔinʕām)


ǰhanduraá

head

ǰhanduraá m (Perso-Arabic spelling جھندُرا)

From Sanskrit जन्तु (jantu, “offspring, creature, man; any animal of lowest order, insect, worm (masc)”).


deegčái

head

deegčái f (Perso-Arabic spelling دیگچئیۡ)

دیگچئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
deegčái (nominative singular)
deegčée (nominative plural)
deegčéea (nominative plural)
deegčée (oblique singular)
deegčéea (oblique singular)
deegčéem (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂-der.
Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-influ.
Classical Persian دیگ (dēg)
Classical Persian ـچِی (-čī)
Urdu دیگْچِی (degcī)bor.
Phalura deegčái
Borrowed from Urdu دیگْچِی (degcī).


kaabúul

head

kaabúul m (Perso-Arabic spelling کابُول)


iskuúl

From Urdu سکُول (skūl), from English school.


dharaáṇ

دھراݨ (Perso-Arabic)
dharaáṇ (nominative singular)
dharaaṇí (nominative plural)
dharaaṇí (oblique singular)
dharaaṇíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar-
Sanskrit धृ (dhṛ)der.
Phalura dharaáṇ
Inherited from Sanskrit धरणी (dharaṇī, “ground”), from धृ (dhṛ).


ǰhulí the

head

ǰhulí the (Perso-Arabic spelling جُھلیۡ تھےۡ)


haazír

haazír (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling حاضر)

Borrowed from Urdu حَاضِر (hāzir), from Classical Persian حَاضِر (hāzir), from Arabic حَاضِر (ḥāḍir).


ǰhim ǰhim

ǰhim ǰhim (Perso-Arabic spelling جِھم جِھم)


ǰhaní thíi

ǰhaní thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جھنیۡ تھی)


hawaalá thíi

hawaalá thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling حوالہ تھی)

From Urdu حوالہ (havāla), from Persian حواله (havâla), from Arabic حَوَالَة (ḥawāla).


daawát

دعوت (Perso-Arabic)
daawát (nominative singular)
daawatí (nominative plural)
daawatí (oblique singular)
daawatíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَعَا (daʕā)
Arabic دَعْوَة (daʕwa)bor.
Classical Persian دَعْوَت (da'wat)bor.
Urdu دَعْوَت (da'vat)bor.
Phalura daawát
Borrowed from Urdu دَعْوَت (da'vat).


ǰhuṭá thíi

head

ǰhuṭá thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جُھٹہ تھی)


ǰhaṭílu

ǰhaṭílu (feminine ǰhaṭíli, Perso-Arabic spelling جھٹِلوۡ)

ǰhaṭíli (feminine)
جھٹِلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


dauraán

دوران (Perso-Arabic)
dauraán (nominative singular)
daureení (nominative plural)
daureení (oblique singular)
daureeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَار (dār)
Arabic ـَان (-ān)
Arabic دَوَرَان (dawarān)bor.
Classical Persian دَورَان (dawrān)der.
Phalura dauraán
Borrowed from Urdu دَورَان (daurān), from Classical Persian دَورَان (dawrān).


ǰiléeṛi

head

ǰiléeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling جِلیڑیۡ)


kakuaakoóṛ

kakuaakoóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling ککواک اوڑ)


kaašméeṇi

kaašméeṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کاشمیݨیۡ)

kind of milk product (the liquid that is squeezed out when making lassi)


deéw

دیوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
deéw (nominative singular)
deewaán (nominative plural)
deewá (nominative plural)
deewá (oblique singular)
deewoóm (oblique plural)
deewaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *deywós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás
Proto-Iranian *daywáh
Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v)
Classical Persian دیوْ (dēw)der.
Phalura deéw
Borrowed from Pashto دیو (dew), from Classical Persian دیوْ (dēw).


izatmánd

head

izatmánd (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عزت مند)

Borrowed from Urdu عِزَّتْ مَنْد ('izzat mand), from Persian [Term?].

bor+

عِزَّتْ مَنْد


ǰhaamatroó

head

ǰhaamatroó m (Perso-Arabic spelling جھامترو)

From Sanskrit *जामात्र (jāmātra, “daughter”).


kalighaáṣ

kalighaáṣ m (Perso-Arabic spelling کلِگھاݜ)


dhiúuṛu

dhiúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling دِھئُوڑوۡ)

دِھئُوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
dhiúuṛu (nominative singular)
dhiúuṛa (nominative plural)
dhiúuṛa (oblique singular)
dhiúuṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀟 (*kuḍa)
Phalura dhiúuṛu
From dhií (“daughter”) + Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀟 (*kuḍa, “child, boy”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


kanóoṭi

head

kanóoṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کنوٹیۡ)


itlaá

From Urdu اطلاع (ittelā), from Arabic اِطِّلَاع (iṭṭilāʕ).

der

Arabic اِطِّلَاع (iṭṭilāʕ)


inšaalaáh

head

inšaalaáh (Perso-Arabic spelling اِنشاءاللہ)

From Urdu انشاء اللہ (inśā-llāh), from Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللّٰهُ (ʔin šāʔa llāhu).

bor

Urdu انشاء اللہ (inśā-llāh)

der

إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللّٰهُ


kandúki

head

kandúki f (Perso-Arabic spelling کندُکیۡ)


ǰhulí

ǰhulí (جُھلیۡ)

From Sanskrit *झुल्यति (jhulyati, “swings”).


ǰuaaríili

ǰuaaríili (Perso-Arabic spelling جوارِیلیۡ)


karaṭíi

karaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کرٹی)


iraadá

From Urdu ارادہ (irāda), from Classical Persian اراده (irāda), from Arabic إِرَادَة (ʔirāda).


c̣hiṇ

ڇِھݨ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híṇ (nominative singular)
c̣hiṇá (nominative plural)
c̣hiṇá (oblique singular)
c̣hiṇóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey-
Sanskrit क्षि (kṣi)
Sanskrit क्षीण (kṣīṇa)
Phalura c̣hiṇ
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षीण (kṣīṇa, “worn away; feeble”).


ǰaagír

From Urdu جاگیر (jāgīr), from Persian [Term?].


dhanamóos

head

dhanamóos m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھنہ موس)

دھنہ موس (Perso-Arabic)
dhanamóos (nominative singular)
dhanamóosa (nominative plural)
dhanamóosa (oblique singular)
dhanamóosam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂-
Sanskrit धन् (dhan)
Sanskrit धन (dhana)
Phalura dhaán
Phalura mhaás
Phalura dhanamóos
Compound of dhaán (“goat”) + mhaás (“meat”) with loss of aspiration on the second element (compare aakaaghuúṛ (“thunder”) for a similar sound change).


iraadá thíi

head

iraadá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اِرادہ تھی)


karéeṛi

karéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کریڑیۡ)


kapayíi

kapayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کپئی)


kaaṭarghaá

kaaṭarghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling کاٹرگھا)

Katergha (a settlement in Sharadesh, Ashret Valley)


ǰhóona

ǰhóona (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جھونہ)


faaidadaár

faaidadaár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling فائدہ دار)

Borrowed from Urdu فَاِئدَہ دَار (fāida dār), from Classical Persian فَایِدَه دَار (fāyida dār), from Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida) + Classical Persian ـدَار (-dār).

bor+

فَاِئدَہ دَار

der

فَایِدَه دَار


kaṛaíǰa

head

kaṛaíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کڑئِجہ)


karaačí

karaačí f (Perso-Arabic spelling کراچیۡ)


insaán

From Urdu انسان (insān), from Arabic إِنْسَان (ʔinsān).


ǰóo

ǰóo (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling جو)

From Sanskrit जायते (jāyate, “is born; generates”).


ǰhangaár

head

ǰhangaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling جھنگار)

From Sanskrit यक्र̥त् (yakrḁt, “liver (neut)”).


hukumát

head

hukumát f (Perso-Arabic spelling حُکومت)

From Urdu حکومت (hukūmat), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma).


ǰaaidaád

ǰaaidaád f (Perso-Arabic spelling جائیداد)

Borrowed from Urdu جَائِدَاد (jāidād), from Classical Persian جَای دَاد (jāy dād).


ǰhúuṇi

ǰhúuṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling جُھوݨیۡ)

From Sanskrit *यूनिय (yūniya, “pertaining to string”).


kanáa

head

kanáa (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کنا)


ǰhaṭíilu

ǰhaṭíilu (feminine ǰhaṭíili, Perso-Arabic spelling جھٹِیلوۡ)

ǰhaṭíili (feminine)
جھٹِیلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


ǰarneeṭár

ǰarneeṭár m (Perso-Arabic spelling جرنیٹر)

From Urdu [Term?], from English generator.


ǰanaáb

ǰanaáb (honorific, Perso-Arabic spelling جناب)

From Urdu جناب (janāb), from Arabic جِنَاب (jināb).


kasíi

kasíi (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کسی)


kasubgár

kasubgár m (Perso-Arabic spelling کصُبگر)


kaseé

kaseé (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کسے)


izát

From Urdu عزت (izzat), from Persian عزت ('ezzat), from Arabic عِزَّة (ʕizza).


kaṭéeri

kaṭéeri f (Perso-Arabic spelling کٹیریۡ)


karooṛíi

karooṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کروڑی)


káac̣

From Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa, “undergrowth; dead wood; grass (m)”).


fuúṇ thíi

head

fuúṇ thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling فُوݨ تھی)


kaarxaaná

kaarxaaná m (Perso-Arabic spelling کارخانہ)


kaál

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time; fixed point of time; fate, death (masc)”).


khaaméedi

head

khaaméedi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کھامیدیۡ)


káaṇ thíi

káaṇ thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کاݨ تھی)


ǰahaáz

From Urdu جہاز (jahāz), from Arabic جِهَاز (jihāz).


ǰhií~

From Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “any living being, vital breath; life (masc, neut)”).


keéki

head

keéki (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling کیکیۡ)


káand díi

káand díi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کاند دی)


káamba

káamba (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کامبہ)

From Sanskrit कम्पते (kampate, “trembles, shivers”).


kaalúku

head

kaalúku (feminine kaalúki, Perso-Arabic spelling کالُکوۡ)

kaalúki (feminine)
کالُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


c̣haaṇbharó

c̣haaṇbharó m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھاݨ بھروۡ)

ڇھاݨ بھروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣haaṇbharó (nominative singular)
c̣haaṇbhará (nominative plural)
c̣haaṇbhará (oblique singular)
c̣haaṇbharám (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Sanskrit भार (bhāra)
Phalura bháaru
Phalura c̣haaṇbharó
Compound of c̣hóoṇ (“oak tree”) + bháaru (“load”).


kéeli

walnut kernel (the nut without its hard shell)


kaaɣaáz

From Urdu کاغز (kāġaz), from Persian [Term?].


káaṇḍu

From Sanskrit कण्टक (kaṇṭaka, “thorn; anything pointed”).


kéeči

head

kéeči (کیچیۡ)


kanáa bhe

kanáa bhe (Perso-Arabic spelling کنا بھے)


ibaadát

From Urdu عبادت (ibādat), from Classical Persian عبادت (ibādat), from Arabic عِبَادَة (ʕibāda).


c̣haár

ڇھار (Perso-Arabic)
c̣haár (nominative singular)
c̣harí (nominative plural)
c̣harí (oblique singular)
c̣haríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara)
Phalura c̣haár
Inherited from Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara, “melting away; cloud; water”).


katíma

head

katíma (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کتِمہ)


khalíi

khalíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھلی)


kareé galá

kareé galá (Perso-Arabic spelling کرے گلہ)


kaaléeṣi

kaaléeṣi (Perso-Arabic spelling کالیݜیۡ)


khaléeṛi

khaléeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کھلیڑیۡ)

leather grain bag (made from the skin of a small she-goat)


katoolái

katoolái f (Perso-Arabic spelling کتولئیۡ)


kaṛayíi

kaṛayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کڑئی)


khaṇíitu

khaṇíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھݨِیتوۡ)


khalooṛíi

khalooṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھلوڑی)


káaṇ

From Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa, “ear, handle of a vessel; end, tip(?) (masc)”).


káand

From Sanskrit स्कन्ध (skandha, “shoulder, upper part of back; trunk of tree, mass (esp. of an army) (masc)”).


kásub thíi

head

kásub thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کصُب تھی)


falaankí

falaankí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling فلانکیۡ)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (falaanaey, palaankii), from Persian [Term?].


beetíngal

head

beetíngal m (Perso-Arabic spelling بیتِنگل)

بیتِنگل (Perso-Arabic)
beetíngal (nominative singular)
beetíngala (nominative plural)
beetíngala (oblique singular)
beetíngalam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtVder.
Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa)der.
Phalura beetíngal
Borrowed from Iranian, ultimately from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa, “eggplant”).


kaantíiru

head

kaantíiru (feminine kaantíiri, Perso-Arabic spelling کانتِیروۡ)

kaantíiri (feminine)
کانتِیروۡ (Perso-Arabic)


kharaṭoó

kharaṭoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھرٹو)


khaamaád

khaamaád m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھاماد)


karáaṛu

karáaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling کراڑوۡ)

From Sanskrit कडार (kaḍāra, “having projecting teeth, gaping; gaping with projecting teeth; dreadful”).


katí galá

head

katí galá (Perso-Arabic spelling کتیۡ گلہ)


kharéeṛi

kharéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کھریڑیۡ)


khaṣaalíi

khaṣaalíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھݜالی)


darwoozá

darwoozá f (Perso-Arabic spelling دروازہ)

دروازہ (Perso-Arabic)
darwoozá (nominative singular)
darwoozeé (nominative plural)
darwoozá (oblique singular)
darwoozeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-
Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (du-v-r-y-a)
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (bbʾ)
Persian دَر?
Middle Persian 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc)
Persian وَاز?
Classical Persian دَرْوَازَه (darwāza)bor.
Urdu دَرْوَازَہ (darvāza)bor.
Phalura darwoozá
Borrowed from Urdu دَرْوَازَہ (darvāza).

etymon

ur>دَرْوَازَہ>door


ɣar

From Pashto [script needed] (ɣar, ɣruuna).


doozáx

دوزخ (Perso-Arabic)
doozáx (nominative singular)
doozaxí (nominative plural)
doozaxí (oblique singular)
doozaxíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Proto-Iranian *duš-
Proto-Iranian *Háhuš
Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš
Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dʿšḥʿy)
Classical Persian دوزَخ (dōzax)bor.
Phalura doozáx
Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزَخ (dōzax).


khaṭúuru

head

khaṭúuru m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھٹُوروۡ)


khíndu

khíndu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھِندوۡ)


ǰooṛtaazá thíi

ǰooṛtaazá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جوڑتازہ تھی)

From Pashto [script needed] (ǰoṛ ; Pashto (Persian) 'fresh; happy'), from Persian [Term?].


khayáak

head

khayáak (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کھیاک)


kamrá

From Urdu کمرہ (kamrā), from Portuguese câmara.


iškaarí

iškaarí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اِشکاریۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu شکاری (śikārī), from Persian [Term?].


kaš kaáš the

kaš kaáš the (Perso-Arabic spelling کش کاش تھےۡ)


khaṭéeni

khaṭéeni (Perso-Arabic spelling کھٹینیۡ)


ǰeṭ ǰahaáz

ǰeṭ ǰahaáz (Perso-Arabic spelling جیۡٹ جہاز)


katíitu

katíitu (feminine katíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling کتِیتوۡ)

katíiti (feminine)
کتِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


kaafír

From Urdu کافر (kāfir), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir).


khaṭíi

khaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھٹی)


kaṭ thíi

kaṭ thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کٹ تھی)


khaláaṛu

khaláaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھلاڑوۡ)

From Sanskrit खल्ल (khalla, “leather, leathern garment”).

inh

leather grain bag (made from the skin of a he-goat)


kasaán

From Pashto [script needed] (kas, kasaan), from Persian [Term?].


khalíitu

head

khalíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھلِیتوۡ)


khušeetí

khušeetí (Perso-Arabic spelling کُھشیتیۡ)


kéengi

From Sanskrit कङ्कत (kaṅkata, “comb (m)”).


huǰút

ہُجُت (Perso-Arabic)
huǰút (nominative singular)
huǰutí (nominative plural)
huǰutí (oblique singular)
huǰutíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu وُجُود (vujūd)bor.
Phalura huǰút
Borrowed from Urdu وُجُود (vujūd).


keensál bhíi

head

keensál bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کینسل بھی)


katí

katí (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کتیۡ)

From Sanskrit *कियत्त (kiyatta, “how great?”).


dasturá

head

dasturá m (Perso-Arabic spelling دستورہ)

دستورہ (Perso-Arabic)
dasturá (nominative singular)
dastureé (nominative plural)
dasturá (oblique singular)
dastureém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Pashto دَسْتُورbor.
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (ydh)
Persian دَسْت?
Classical Persian دَسْتُور (dastūr)bor.
Urdu دَسْتُور (dastūr)bor.
Phalura dasturá
Borrowed from Pashto دَسْتُور (dastūr) or Urdu دَسْتُور (dastūr), from Classical Persian دَسْتُور (dastūr, “command, order”).


khúuṭu

head

khúuṭu m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُھوٹوۡ)


kooḍghaadroók

کوڈگھا دھروک

kooḍghaadroók m (Perso-Arabic spelling کوڈگھا دھروک)


khóṇḍa

khóṇḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھوۡنڈہ)


iṇc̣ameé

iṇc̣ameé f (Perso-Arabic spelling اِنڇہ مے)


khoṇḍóo

khoṇḍóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھوۡنڈو)


kéeči the nhiáaṛa

کیچیۡ تھےۡ نھئاڑہ

kéeči the nhiáaṛa (Perso-Arabic spelling کیچیۡ تھےۡ نھئاڑہ)

کیچیۡ تھےۡ نھئاڑہ (Perso-Arabic)


kimbóoṛ

kimbóoṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling کِمبوڑ)


khaṇíi

khaṇíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھݨی)

From Sanskrit खण्डते (khaṇḍate, “breaks”).


kiríiṭi

kiríiṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کِرِیٹیۡ)


khoṣóng

khoṣóng m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھوۡݜوۡنگ)


kilúuṛu

kilúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling کِلُوڑوۡ)


khaṣíi

From Sanskrit कर्षि (karṣi, “furrowing”).


dhiúuṛi

dhiúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling دِھئُوڑیۡ)

دِھئُوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
dhiúuṛi (nominative singular)
dhiúuṛim (nominative plural)
dhiúuṛi (oblique singular)
dhiúuṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀟 (*kuḍa)
Phalura dhiúuṛi
From dhií (“daughter”) + Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀟 (*kuḍa, “child, boy”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). By surface analysis, dhií + kúṛi.


ǰamaát

Borrowed from Urdu جَمَاعَت (jamā'at), from Classical Persian جَمَاعَت (jamā'at), from Arabic جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa).


khuro~í

head

khuro~í f (Perso-Arabic spelling کھُروۡنّیۡ)


ǰeép

Borrowed from Urdu جیب (jeb), from Classical Persian جیب (jēb), from Arabic جَيْب (jayb).


kooḍghaá

kooḍghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling کوڈگھا)

Kodgha (hamlet in central Ashret Valley)


ǰáandu

ǰáandu (feminine ǰéendi, Perso-Arabic spelling جاندوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit जीवन्त (jīvanta, “long-lived”).


khári

From Sanskrit खरी (kharī, “donkey (fem)”).


išaará

Borrowed from Urdu اِشَارَہ (iśāra), from Classical Persian اِشَارَہ (išāra), from Arabic إِشَارَة (ʔišāra).

der

Arabic إِشَارَة (ʔišāra)


kásub

From Urdu کصب (kasb), from Arabic كَسْب (kasb).


kaaláaṣu

head

kaaláaṣu (feminine kaaléeṣi, Perso-Arabic spelling کالاݜوۡ)

kaaléeṣi (feminine)
کالاݜوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Probably borrowed from Kalasha کالؕاشؕا (kāḷāṣā).

of Kalasha origin (a neighbouring, non-Muslim, group)


ǰudaá bhíi

ǰudaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جُدا بھی)

From Urdu جدا (judā), from Persian [Term?].


kuḍiṣoóṛ

kuḍiṣoóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُڈیۡ ݜوڑ)


kaṭóoru

kaṭóoru m (Perso-Arabic spelling کٹوروۡ)

From Sanskrit *कर्त्तार (karttāra, “knife”).

large knife (for fighting or clearing the forest, used by shepherds)


khilaí

From Sanskrit केवल (kevala, “exclusively, one”).


ǰanát

Borrowed from Urdu جَنَّت (jannat), from Classical Persian جَنَّت (jannat), from Arabic جَنَّة (janna).


deés

دیس (Perso-Arabic)
deés (nominative singular)
deesá (nominative plural)
deesá (oblique singular)
deesóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyā́wš
Sanskrit द्यु (dyu)
Sanskrit दिव् (div)
Sanskrit दिवस (divasa)
Phalura deés
Inherited from Sanskrit दिवस (divasa).


khayú

head

khayú (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کھئوۡ)


eeṛás

eeṛás (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑس)


kriṣiṇóo

kriṣiṇóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کرِݜِݨو)


khéli

khéli (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کھیۡلیۡ)

Borrowed from Persian خیلی (xeyli, “many”).


kiroóṛ

From Sanskrit क्रोड (kroḍa, “breast, bosom”).


kučúri

head

kučúri f (Perso-Arabic spelling کُچُریۡ)


kaš thíi

kaš thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کش تھی)


aslí

aslí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اصلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy)bor.
Classical Persian اَصْلِی (aslī)bor.
Urdu اَصْلِی (aslī)bor.
Phalura aslí
Borrowed from Urdu اَصْلِی (aslī).


khaár

From Sanskrit खर (khara, “donkey (masc)”).


kháaṇ

From Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “broken, crippled; having gaps or chasms; fragment (masc.neut)”).


kooméeli

head

kooméeli (Perso-Arabic spelling کومیلیۡ)


khangaár

khangaár m (Perso-Arabic spelling کھنگار)


kučurooṭoó

kučurooṭoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُچُروٹو)


kuṭíi

kuṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کُٹی)


kooréeṛi

kooréeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling کوریڑیۡ)


khóo

khóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھو)

From Sanskrit खादति (khādati, “chews, bites; eats”).


kirpuṭú

head

kirpuṭú (feminine kirpuṭí, Perso-Arabic spelling کِرپُٹوۡ)

kirpuṭí (feminine)
کِرپُٹوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


ḍheér

From Sanskrit *ढेड्ढ (ḍheḍḍha, “belly”).


khiṛkí

khiṛkí f (Perso-Arabic spelling کِھڑکیۡ)


kríintu

kríintu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کرِینتوۡ)


kateeṇú

kateeṇú (feminine kateeṇí, Perso-Arabic spelling کتیݨوۡ)

kateeṇí (feminine)
کتیݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


kuṛíina

kuṛíina f (Perso-Arabic spelling کُڑِینہ)


iṇc̣

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa)
Phalura iṇc̣
Inherited from Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.


kumalái

head

kumalái f (Perso-Arabic spelling کُملئیۡ)


kundaák

kundaák m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُنداک)


kuṇéeki

kuṇéeki f (Perso-Arabic spelling کُݨیکیۡ)


khúṭii ṭúupi

کُھٹی ٹُوپیۡ

khúṭii ṭúupi (Perso-Arabic spelling کُھٹی ٹُوپیۡ)


kušúni

kušúni f (Perso-Arabic spelling کوۡشُنیۡ)


kuuntsíi

kuuntsíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کُونڅی)


khuusíi

khuusíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کُھوسی)


khínǰa

khínǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کِھنجہ)

From Sanskrit खिद्यते (khidyate, “is depressed”).


khuná the

head

khuná the (Perso-Arabic spelling کُھنہ تھےۡ)


kíilum

From Sanskrit किलिम (kilima, “a kind of pine (n)”).


keémp

From Urdu کیمپ (kaimp), from English camp.


istúuri

head

istúuri (Perso-Arabic spelling اِستوریۡ)

Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“sterile”), with exact intermediary unknown. Compare Vedic Sanskrit स्तरी (starī, “barren cow”).

cog

barren, sterile (only about female animals)


ǰumaát

From Urdu جماعت (jamā'at), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa).


kooṭéeṭi

head

kooṭéeṭi (Perso-Arabic spelling کوٹیٹیۡ)


kir díi

kir díi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کِر دی)


lamaṭúuṭ

lamaṭúuṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling لمٹُوٹ)


keensál

keensál (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کینسل)

Borrowed from Urdu کینسل (kainsal), from English cancel.


láadu

láadu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لادوۡ)


koó bi na

koó bi na (Perso-Arabic spelling کو بیۡ نہ)


kuṇóoku

kuṇóoku m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُݨوکوۡ)


kíiwee galá

kíiwee galá (Perso-Arabic spelling کیوے گلہ)


khooṇṣíi

khooṇṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھونݜی)

From Sanskrit *स्कोषति (skoṣati, “plucks out, pokes”).


khuná

head

khuná (کُھنہ)


kuḍ

From Sanskrit कुड्य (kuḍya, “wall; plastering (a wall) (neut)”).


lagayíi

head

lagayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لگئی)


lanaám

lanaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لنام)


laṭayíi

laṭayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لٹئی)


ǰinaazá

ǰinaazá m (Perso-Arabic spelling جِنازہ)

Borrowed from Urdu جَنَازَہ (janāza), from Classical Persian جَنَازَه (janāza), from Arabic جَنَازَة (janāza).


ǰáaru

ǰáaru (feminine ǰéeri, Perso-Arabic spelling جاروۡ)

Probably inherited from Sanskrit जर (jára, “wearing out”) or a related form. Cognate with Gilgiti Shina [script needed] (ǰărŭ, “old”).


laṭáanga

head

laṭáanga (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لٹانگہ)


koošíš thíi

koošíš thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کوشِش تھی)


laṭangóo

laṭangóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لٹنگو)


kamzoorí

kamzoorí f (Perso-Arabic spelling کمزوریۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu کَمْزورِی (kamzorī), from Classical Persian کَمْزورِی (kamzōrī).


lasíi

lasíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لسی)


kooíilu

kooíilu (feminine kooíili, Perso-Arabic spelling کووِیلوۡ)

kooíili (feminine)
کووِیلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


lamíǰa

lamíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لمِجہ)


leengái

leengái f (Perso-Arabic spelling لینگئیۡ)


lawaní

Lawani (a part of the settlement Sharadesh in Ashret)


khooǰóo

khooǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کھوجو)

From Sanskrit *खोज्जति (khojjati, “tracks, seeks”).


dhrúuk

دھرُوک (Perso-Arabic)
dhrúuk (nominative singular)
dhrúuka (nominative plural)
dhrúuka (oblique singular)
dhrúukam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-)
Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-
Sanskrit गम् (gam)
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂-
Sanskrit गा (gā)
Sanskrit -ग (-ga)
Sanskrit दुर्ग (durga)
Phalura dhrúuk
Inherited from Sanskrit दुर्ग (durga). However, Dardic cognates are lacking.


lhistóo

head

lhistóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لِھستو)


kaafí

kaafí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کافیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu کَافِی (kāfī), from Classical Persian کَافِی (kāfī), from Arabic كَافِي (kāfī).


kóok

From Sanskrit काक (kāka, “crow (masc)”).


léedi

léedi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لیدیۡ)


hínu

hínu (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنوۡ)

From Sanskrit भवति (bhavati, “becomes, is”).


hínu

hínu (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِنوۡ)


kakuéeki

kakuéeki f (Perso-Arabic spelling ککویکیۡ)


lagayíǰa

lagayíǰa (transitive, passive, Perso-Arabic spelling لگئجہ)

to be put in, be put up, be spent, be needed


doostí

Etymology tree
Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a)
Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dʿsty)
Persian دوست
Persian ـی
Classical Persian دوسْتِی (dōstī)bor.
Urdu دوسْتِی (dostī)bor.
Phalura doostí
Borrowed from Urdu دوسْتِی (dostī).


lháasa

head

lháasa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھاسہ)


lhéesti

lhéesti (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھیستیۡ)


lhayíǰa

lhayíǰa (transitive, passive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھئِجہ)


leeḍaróo

leeḍaróo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لیڈرو)


diṣṭ

دِݜٹ (Perso-Arabic)
diṣṭ (nominative singular)
diṣṭí (nominative plural)
diṣṭí (oblique singular)
diṣṭíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *díštiš
Sanskrit दिष्टि (diṣṭi)
Phalura diṣṭ
Inherited from Sanskrit दिष्टि (diṣṭi, “a measure of length”).


lambúuṣu

head

lambúuṣu m (Perso-Arabic spelling لمبُوݜوۡ)


lhoilaár

lhoilaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling لھوئِلار)


lhookyéei

lhookyéei f (Perso-Arabic spelling لھوک ییئیۡ)


khaṭáanu

khaṭáanu (feminine khaṭéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling کھٹانوۡ)

khaṭéeni (feminine)
کھٹانوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*khuṭṭa, “defective”). Cognate with Shina [script needed] (kʰuṭo, “short”).


laǰíǰa

head

laǰíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لجِجہ)

From Sanskrit लज्जते (lajjate, “us ashamed”).


láambu ǰíi

láambu ǰíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling لامبوۡ جی)


dubaará

From Pashto [script needed] (do-baara), from Persian [Term?].


kilí

کِلیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
kilí (nominative singular)
kiliá (nominative plural)
kilí (oblique singular)
kilióom (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (kilii).


líi

head

líi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لی)


kráam thíi

kráam thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling کرام تھی)


líša

líša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لِشہ)


lookilúuṛi

lookilúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling لوکِلوڑیۡ)


krína

krína (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کِرنہ)

From Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti, “buys”).


kóoṇ

From Sanskrit काण्ड (kāṇḍa, “single joint of a plant; arrow; cluster, heap (masc.neut)”).


dhuumíi

head

dhuumíi f (Perso-Arabic spelling دُھومی)

دُھومی (Perso-Arabic)
dhuumíi (nominative singular)
dhuumíia (nominative plural)
dhuumíia (oblique singular)
dhuumíiam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
Phalura dhuumíi
Inherited from Sanskrit धूमिका (dhūmikā, “smoke; fog”), from धूम (dhūma) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


koó

head

koó (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کو)


looṭóo

looṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لوٹو)


lhasóo

lhasóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھسو)


lúuntu

lúuntu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لُونتوۡ)


lháastu

lháastu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھاستوۡ)


lhoilóo

lhoilóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھوئِلو)


lišóo

lišóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لِشو)


imtihaán

imtihaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling اِمتِحان)

Etymology tree
Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)
Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)bor.
Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān)bor.
Urdu اِمْتِحان (imtihān)bor.
Phalura imtihaán
Borrowed from Urdu اِمْتِحان (imtihān).

etymon

ur>اِمْتِحان>test


lamóo

head

lamóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لمو)

From Sanskrit लम्बयति (lambayati, “causes to hang down”).


lhookbáabu

head

lhookbáabu m (Perso-Arabic spelling لھوک بابوۡ)


lhístu

lhístu (feminine lhísti, Perso-Arabic spelling لِھستوۡ)

lhísti (feminine)
لِھستوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


láanga

láanga (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لانگہ)

From Sanskrit लङ्घयति (laṅghayati, “leaps over; transgresses; ascends”).


kúṛi

From Sanskrit *कुड (कुडी) (kuḍa (kuḍī), “boy, son (girl, daughter)”).


kriṣíṇu

head

kriṣíṇu (feminine kriṣíṇi, Perso-Arabic spelling کرِݜِݨوۡ)

kriṣíṇi (feminine)
کرِݜِݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa, “dark blue, black”).


lekhíi

head

lekhíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لکھی)

From Sanskrit लेख्य (lekhya, “to be written; writing (n); document”).


laméeṭi

head

laméeṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling لمیٹیۡ)

From Sanskrit *लाङ्गुट्ट (lāṅguṭṭa, “tail (neut)”).


lambaái

head

lambaái f (Perso-Arabic spelling لمبائیۡ)


lootanghaá

lootanghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling لوتنگھا)

Lotangha (hamlet in lower Ashret Valley)


lawáṇḍ

From Sanskrit *लवण्ड (lavaṇḍa, “servant, boy”).


lhoóṇ

From Sanskrit लवण (lavaṇa, “salt; salty”).


leewóo

head

leewóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لیوو)

From Sanskrit लापयति (lāpayati, “causes to cling or settle on”).


lookúṛi

head

lookúṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling لوکُڑیۡ)


matíi

matíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling متی)


malíitu

malíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ملِیتوۡ)


malíi

malíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ملی)


looičaará

looičaará (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling لوئیۡ چارہ)


lháaya

lháaya (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لھایہ)

From Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “catches, takes”).


maníitu

head

maníitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling منِیتوۡ)


dheeróoṇ

dheeróoṇ m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھیروݨ)

دھیروݨ (Perso-Arabic)
dheeróoṇ (nominative singular)
dheeróoṇa (nominative plural)
dheeróoṇa (oblique singular)
dheeróoṇam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Perhaps related to Southeast Pashayi [script needed] (ḍēr, “heap”), Hindi ढेर (ḍher, “heap; many”), Nepali धेर (dhera, “many”), all from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀠𑁂𑀭 (*ḍhera, “heap, lump”).


lhúuṇu

head

lhúuṇu (feminine lhúuṇi, Perso-Arabic spelling لُھوݨوۡ)

lhúuṇi (feminine)
لُھوݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


máathe

máathe (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling ما تھےۡ)


lúungu

lúungu (feminine lúungi, Perso-Arabic spelling لُونگوۡ)

lúungi (feminine)
لُونگوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


kitaáb

From Urdu کتاب (kitāb), from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb).


maṣkíiraṇ

maṣkíiraṇ m (Perso-Arabic spelling مݜکِیرݨ)


mac̣hoók

mac̣hoók m (Perso-Arabic spelling مڇھوک)

Machoke (ancestor of the people of Ashret)


máakaṛ

From Sanskrit मर्कट (markaṭa, “monkey (m)”).


ǰuaár

Inherited from Sanskrit यवाकार (yavākāra, “barley-shaped”), from यव (yava, “barley”).


maazigár

head

maazigár m (Perso-Arabic spelling مازِگر)

From Pashto [script needed] (maaziigar, maaz-diigar).


maamaá

From Sanskrit माम (māma, “uncle (masc)”).


dimaáɣ

دِماغ (Perso-Arabic)
dimaáɣ (nominative singular)
dimeeɣí (nominative plural)
dimeeɣí (oblique singular)
dimeeɣíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-
Proto-Semitic *dam-
Arabic دَم (dam)blend.
Proto-Semitic *muḫḫ-
Arabic مُخّ (muḵḵ)blend.
Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ)bor.
Classical Persian دِمَاغ (dimāğ)bor.
Urdu دِماغ (dimāġ)bor.
Phalura dimaáɣ
Borrowed from Urdu دِماغ (dimāġ).


maaspaxín

head

maaspaxín m (Perso-Arabic spelling ماسپخِن)

From Pashto [script needed] (maas-pxiin).


meeṭhíl

meeṭhíl f (Perso-Arabic spelling میٹِھل)


malgíri

From Pashto [script needed] (mal-garaey, mal-gari).


loomúṭ

very tall tree growing on high altitudes, usually far from permanent settlements, its wood is used for construction


laaṭán

From Urdu لالٹین (lālṭen), from English lantern.


luumái

head

luumái f (Perso-Arabic spelling لُومئیۡ)

From Sanskrit *लोमक (lomaka, “fox (masc)”).


maáf thíi

maáf thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling معاف تھی)


lúna

lúna (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لُنہ)

From Sanskrit लुनाति (lunāti, “cuts, reaps”).


lúugu

lúugu (feminine lúugi, Perso-Arabic spelling لُوگوۡ)


koošíš

Borrowed from Urdu کوشِش (kośiś), from Classical Persian کوشِش (kōšiš).


madád thíi

madád thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مدد تھی)


meelmastiaá

meelmastiaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling میلمستِئا)

From Pashto [script needed] (melmastiiˈaa).


laxkár

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (laxkar), from Classical Persian لَشْکَر (laškar).


bhakúlu

head

bhakúlu (feminine bhakúli, Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلوۡ)

bhakúli (feminine)
بھکُلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha)
Phalura bhakúlu
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha, “lump”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-ulla-) + -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Southeast Pashayi [script needed] (bakoṭā́), Northeast Pashayi [script needed] (baγuṭṓ, “stout, fat”), Kalami [script needed] (bakū́l, “strong, thick, fat”).


maṭaaí

bor

Urdu مٹھائی (miṭhāī)


maṇḍáu

From Sanskrit मण्डप (maṇḍapa, “open temporary shed, pavilion”).


maníi

head

maníi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling منی)

From Sanskrit मन्त्रयते (mantrayate, “speaks ; consults with ; advises”).


méeǰi

From Sanskrit मध्य (madhya, “middle; the middle (neut); waist”).


maxadúši

head

maxadúši (Perso-Arabic spelling مخدُشیۡ)


loowíiṣṭ

loowíiṣṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling لووِیݜٹ)

From Sanskrit *लोहिष्ठ (lohiṣṭha, “very red”).


kiraamát

head

kiraamát f (Perso-Arabic spelling کرامت)

Borrowed from Urdu کَرَامَت (karāmat), from Classical Persian کَرَامَت (karāmat), from Arabic كَرَامَة (karāma).


hairaán

hairaán (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling حئیران)

Etymology tree
Arabic حَيْرَان (ḥayrān)bor.
Classical Persian حَیرَان (hayrān)bor.
Urdu حَیرَان (hairān)bor.
Phalura hairaán
Borrowed from Urdu حَیرَان (hairān), borrowed from Classical Persian حَیرَان (hayrān), borrowed from Arabic حَيْرَان (ḥayrān)..

etymon

Alternative form: hairán


ǰáma bhíi

head

ǰáma bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling جمہ بھی)

From Urdu جمہ (jama), from Arabic جَمْع (jamʕ).


baṭašáan

baṭašáan m (Perso-Arabic spelling بٹہ شان)

بٹہ شان (Perso-Arabic)
baṭašáan (nominative singular)
baṭašáana (nominative plural)
baṭašáana (oblique singular)
baṭašáanam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Phalura šáan
Phalura baṭašáan
Compound of báaṭ (“stone”) + šáan (“roof”).


mhaaríi

head

mhaaríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مھاری)

From Sanskrit मारयति (mārayati, “kills”).


múṛu

múṛu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُڑوۡ)


méeṭi

From Sanskrit मृत्तिका (mṛttikā, “earth, clay”).


mehnát thíi

head

mehnát thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling محنت تھی)


malgíri bhíi

malgíri bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ملگِریۡ بھی)


maačís

From Urdu ماچس (mācis), from English matches.


mheél

From Sanskrit मथित (mathita, “stirred, churned; buttermilk churned without water (n)”).


méeši

From Sanskrit मातुःष्वस्र̥ (mātuḥṣvasrḁ, “mother”).

मातुःष्वस्र̥


ɣooǰúli

head

ɣooǰúli f (Perso-Arabic spelling غوجـُلیۡ)


maṭróok

From Sanskrit *मण्ट्रक्क ; *मट्रक्क (maṇṭrakka ; maṭrakka, “frog (m)”).

inh

*मण्ट्रक्क ; *मट्रक्क


kaṇíi

head

kaṇíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کݨی)

From Sanskrit कण्डूयाति (kaṇḍūyāti, “scratches; itches”).


maac̣huríi

head

maac̣huríi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ماڇُھری)

From Sanskrit *माक्षिककर ; *माक्षकर (mākṣikakara ; mākṣakara, “bee”).

inh

*माक्षिककर ; *माक्षकर


mheerabeení the

head

مہربینیۡ تھےۡ

mheerabeení the (Perso-Arabic spelling مہربینیۡ تھےۡ)


mháala ghašíi

mháala ghašíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مھالہ گھشی)


móoṇ

From Sanskrit मान (māna, “house, dwelling (m)”).


meéx

From Pashto [script needed] (mex), from Persian [Term?].


mhaás

From Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa, “flesh (neut)”).


meeṭíilu

head

meeṭíilu (feminine meeṭíili, Perso-Arabic spelling میٹِیلوۡ)

meeṭíili (feminine)
میٹِیلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


muṣkaáṛ

muṣkaáṛ f (Perso-Arabic spelling مُݜکاڑ)


mútu

mútu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُتوۡ)


muṣṭookhúr

muṣṭookhúr m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُݜٹوکھر)


kóṇḍu

kóṇḍu (feminine kóṇḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling کوۡنڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit कुण्ड (kuṇḍa, “son of a woman during husband's life by another man”).


maadarí zabaán

head

maadarí zabaán (Perso-Arabic spelling مادری زبان)

From Urdu مادری زبان (mādrī zabān), from Persian [Term?].


mulhaán

mulhaán m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُلھان)


kramačúuru

kramačúuru (feminine kramačúuri, Perso-Arabic spelling کرمہ چُوروۡ)

kramačúuri (feminine)
کرمہ چُوروۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Perhaps compound of kráam (“work”) + čoór (“thief”).


muutríi

head

muutríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُوتری)


máhar

From Urdu مہر (mahr), from Arabic مَهْر (mahr).


meec̣hí

meec̣hí f (Perso-Arabic spelling میڇھیۡ)

From Sanskrit माक्षिक (mākṣika, “pertaining to a bee; honey”).


maalík

From Urdu مالک (mālik), from Arabic مَالِك (mālik).


muxanásti

head

muxanásti (Perso-Arabic spelling مخنستیۡ)


muhabát thíi

muhabát thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling محبت تھی)


mangái

منگئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
mangái (nominative singular)
mangée (nominative plural)
mangéea (nominative plural)
mangée (oblique singular)
mangéea (oblique singular)
mangéem (oblique plural)


mring

From Sanskrit म्र̥ग (mrḁga, “wild animal, deer”).


maamulí

head

maamulí (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling معمولیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu مَعْمُولِی (māmūlī), from Persian معمولی (ma'muli).


miṇḍ

From Sanskrit मेण्ढ (meṇḍha, “ram (masc)”).


kareé bi...(na)

kareé bi...(na) (Perso-Arabic spelling کرے بیۡ)

kareé bi... (canonical)
کرے بیۡ (Perso-Arabic)


mágar

mágar (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling مگر)

From Urdu مگر (magar), from Classical Persian مگر (magar).


múča

múča (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُچہ)

From Sanskrit मुक्त (mukta, “set free”).


naamíi

naamíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نامی)


bakareelí

bakareelí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بکریلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)?
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Sanskrit पार (pāra)?
Sanskrit पाल (pāla)
Phalura bakaraál
Phalura -i
Phalura bakareelí
From bakaraál + -i.


mafruúr

head

mafruúr m (Perso-Arabic spelling مفرُور)

From Urdu مفرور (mafrūr), from Arabic مَفْرُور (mafrūr).


mulaaqaát thíi

mulaaqaát thíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُلاقات تھی)


mulaakoór

mulaakoór m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُلاکور)

member of the Mullahkor clan (in Ashret)


máaṇḍa

máaṇḍa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مانڈہ)

From Sanskrit *म्र̥न्दति (mrḁndati, “pounds, crushes, treads on, squeezes, rubs”).


maalumaát

head

maalumaát f (Perso-Arabic spelling معلومات)

From Urdu معلومات (ma'lūmāt), from Arabic مَعْلُومَات (maʕlūmāt).

der

Arabic مَعْلُومَات (maʕlūmāt)


mháalu

From Sanskrit महल्लक (mahallaka, “old, feeble”). Cognate with Kashmiri مول (mōl).


mučóo

head

mučóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُچو)

From Sanskrit मुच्यते (mucyate, “is loosed; escapes”).


muqarár bhíi

head

muqarár bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مقرر بھی)


méemi

From Sanskrit *मामिका (māmikā, “mother”).


mágam

mágam (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling مگم)

Borrowed from Dari مَگَم (magam), a variant of مَگَر (magar).


mehmaán

From Urdu مہمان (mehmān), from Persian [Term?].


mušqúl bhíi

mušqúl bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مُشقُل بھی)


inkaár

From Urdu انکار (iṅkār), from Arabic إِنْكَار (ʔinkār).


misrí

From Urdu مستری (mistrī), from Portuguese mestre.


mákar

From Urdu مکر (makr), from Arabic مَكْر (makr).


meewá

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (mewa), from Classical Persian میوَه (mēwa).


maaldaár

head

maaldaár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مالدار)

Borrowed from Urdu مَال دَار (māl dār), from Classical Persian مَال دَار (māl dār).


mazbút

mazbút (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مضبُط)

Borrowed from Urdu مضبوط (mazbūt), from Arabic مَضْبُوط (maḍbūṭ).

der

Arabic مَضْبُوط (maḍbūṭ)


muqaabilá thíi

head

muqaabilá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مقابلہ تھی)


muqarár thíi

muqarár thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مقرر تھی)


maxlúq

From Urdu مخلوق (maxlūq), from Arabic مَخْلُوق (maḵlūq).


maxluqaát

maxluqaát f (Perso-Arabic spelling مخلوقات)

From Urdu مخلوقات (maxlūqāt), from Arabic مَخْلُوقَات (maḵlūqāt).

der

Arabic مَخْلُوقَات (maḵlūqāt)


maáf

From Urdu معاف (mu'āf), معاف (māf), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مُعَافٍ (muʕāfin).


muxadac̣héeni

head

muxadac̣héeni f (Perso-Arabic spelling مُخدڇھینیۡ)


múṣṭi

From Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “clenched hand, fist (m.f); handful”).


mulaaqaát bhíi

head

mulaaqaát bhíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مُلاقات بھی)


móoṇuṣ

From Sanskrit मानुष (mānuṣa, “human (fem) ; man (masc)”).


náama

head

náama (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نامہ)


míiš

From Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human; human being, man (masc)”).


meéz

From Urdu میز (mez), from Persian [Term?].


maasúm

head

maasúm (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling معصوم)

Borrowed from Urdu مَعْصُوم (ma'sūm), from Arabic مَعْصُوم (maʕṣūm).

der

Arabic مَعْصُوم (maʕṣūm)


kaṇeeghaá

head

kaṇeeghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling کݨیگھا)

Kanegha (hamlet in central Ashret Valley)


muṣṭú giraá

muṣṭú giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling مُݜٹوۡ گِرا)


náini

náini (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling نئینیۡ)


moosím

From Urdu موسم (mausam), from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim).


naréeṛi

naréeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling نریڑیۡ)


naawás

naawás (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ناوس)

Borrowed from Khowar [script needed] (na-wahts).


maǰburí

head

maǰburí f (Perso-Arabic spelling مجبُریۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu مَجْبُورِی (majbūrī), from Classical Persian مَجْبُورِی (majbūrī),


náina

náina (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling نئینہ)


naṭúuki

naṭúuki f (Perso-Arabic spelling نٹُوکیۡ)


muxaamúx

muxaamúx (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُخامُخ)


míṭing

From Urdu [Term?], from English meeting.


lameeṭičhinilú

لمیٹیۡ چِھنلوۡ

lameeṭičhinilú (feminine lameeṭičhinilí, Perso-Arabic spelling لمیٹیۡ چِھنلوۡ)

lameeṭičhinilí (feminine)
لمیٹیۡ چِھنلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Compound of laméeṭi (“tail”) + an unknown term.


naaṛái

Narey (village in Kunar Valley, across the Afghan border)


milaáu

head

milaáu (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مِلاوۡ)


múutr

From Sanskrit मूत्र (mūtra, “urine (n)”).


koomáalu

koomáalu (feminine kooméeli, Perso-Arabic spelling کومالوۡ)

kooméeli (feminine)
کومالوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit कोमल (komala, “tender, soft”).


mazháb

From Urdu مذہب (mazhab), from Arabic مَذْهَب (maḏhab).


na ... na

head

na ... na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ ۔۔۔ نہ)


muṣṭúku

muṣṭúku (feminine muṣṭúki, Perso-Arabic spelling مُݜٹُکوۡ)

muṣṭúki (feminine)
مُݜٹُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

muṣṭú (“forward; before; first”) + -úk + -u.


madád

From Urdu مدد (madad), from Arabic مَدَد (madad).


muúl

From Sanskrit मूल्य (mūlya, “original value, price; capital (neut)”).


mulóo

From Urdu ملا (mullā), from Persian ملا (mollâ).


mehfíl

From Urdu محفل (mahfil), from Arabic مَحْفَل (maḥfal).


míi

head

míi (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling می)


míi

From Sanskrit मेदस् (medas, “fat, marrow (n)”).


míi

I (1sg erg, transitive subject in the perfective)


misaál

From Urdu مثال (misāl), from Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).


náinu

head

náinu (copula, Perso-Arabic spelling نئنوۡ)


nhiaaṛóo

nhiaaṛóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نھئاڑو)


na ta ... na ba

نہ تہ ۔۔۔ نہ بہ

na ta ... na ba (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ تہ ۔۔۔ نہ بہ)


nhíiǰa

nhíiǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِھیجہ)


haál

From Sanskrit हल (hala, “plough (masc.neut)”).


haál

From Urdu حال (hāl), from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).


mehnát

From Urdu محنت (mehnat), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مِحْنَة (miḥna).


naaghaaní

head

naaghaaní (Perso-Arabic spelling ناگہانیۡ)

From Urdu ناگہانی (nāgahānī), from Persian [Term?].


nhieeṛíi

nhieeṛíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نھیڑی)


haakím

From Urdu حاکم (hākim), from Arabic حَاكِم (ḥākim).


mumtaáz

mumtaáz (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ممتاز)

Borrowed from Urdu ممتاز (mumtāz), from Arabic مُمْتَاز (mumtāz).


niišóo

niišóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیشو)


mansubá

mansubá m (Perso-Arabic spelling منصوبہ)

From Urdu منصوبہ (mansūba), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مَنْصُوبَة (manṣūba).


muṣṭóoi

muṣṭóoi (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُݜٹوئیۡ)


mukamál

mukamál (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُکمل)

Borrowed from Urdu مکمل (mukammal), from Arabic مُكَمَّل (mukammal).


mhaaróoc̣u

mhaaróoc̣u m (Perso-Arabic spelling مھاروڇوۡ)

From Sanskrit *मधुरव्र̥क्ष (madhuravrḁkṣa, “a tree with sweet fruit”).

inh

*मधुरव्र̥क्ष


náqal thíi

head

náqal thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نقل تھی)


mubáil

mubáil f (Perso-Arabic spelling موۡبائل)

From Urdu موبائل (mobāil), from English mobile phone.


naakaám

naakaám (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ناکام)


musaafár

musaafár m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُسافر)

From Urdu مسافر (musāfir), from Arabic مُسَافِر (musāfir).


nirúuṇ

traditional cheese, similar to čoónɡ but sweeter, made from the remaining liquid when making čhoót


níiša

níiša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیشہ)


mašín

From Urdu مشین (maśīn), from English machine.


niṣaanaát

niṣaanaát f (Perso-Arabic spelling نِݜانات)


mulaaqaát

mulaaqaát f (Perso-Arabic spelling مُلاقات)

From Urdu ملاقات (mulāqāt), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مُلَاقَاة (mulāqāh).


maǰmeeró

maǰmeeró (feminine maǰmeerí, Perso-Arabic spelling مجمیروۡ)

maǰmeerí (feminine)
مجمیروۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Either Sanskrit मध्यम (madhyamá, “middlemost”) + -eeró or Sanskrit मध्यतर (madhyatara, “more middle”), both ultimately from मध्य (madhya, “middle”). By surface analysis, méeǰi (“middle”) + -eeró.


niním

head

niním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِنِم)


bhíili

bhíili f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-
Sanskrit भी (bhī)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit भीति (bhīti)?
Sanskrit भीर (bhīra)?
Phalura bhíili
Inherited from Sanskrit भीति (bhīti, “fear”) with some derivational suffix, or an l-variant of Sanskrit भीर (bhīra, “intimidating”). Cognate with Indus Kohistani [script needed] (bhīl, “fear”), Chilisso [script needed] (bihil, “fear”).


niníi

head

niníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِنی)


muqarár

muqarár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مقرر)

Borrowed from Urdu مُقَرَّر (muqarrar), from Arabic مُقَرَّر (muqarrar).


maidóon

Borrowed from Urdu مَیدَان (maidān), from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān).


ninaám

ninaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِنام)


nisíi

nisíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِسی)


muaahidá

muaahidá m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُعاہدہ)

From Urdu معاہدہ (mu'āhada), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مُعَاهَدَة (muʕāhada).


muhabát

From Urdu محبت (muhabbat), from Persian مُحَبَّت (mohabbat), from Arabic مَحَبَّة (maḥabba).


nikhéeti

nikhéeti (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِکھیتیۡ)


langóo

langóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لنگو)


neeṛíi

From Sanskrit नाडि (nāḍi, “tubular stalk of any plant, tubular organ, tube”).


mooqá

From Urdu موقع (mauqā), from Persian موقع, ultimately from Arabic مَوْقِع (mawqiʕ).


paaṣíi

head

paaṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پاݜی)


mheerabaán

mheerabaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling مہربان)

Borrowed from Urdu مِہْرْبَان (mihrbān), from Classical Persian مِهْرْبَان (mihrbān).


-óoi

Imperative plural suffix (with a- and e-ending verb stems)


neečíir

neečíir f (Perso-Arabic spelling نیچِیر)


khúšu

khúšu (feminine khúši, Perso-Arabic spelling کُھشوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit कुश (kuśa, “depraved, mad, inebriate”). Cognate with Kashmiri کھۆش (khoś, “left-handed”), Shina [script needed] (kuś, “one-armed”).


makrái

head

makrái (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مکرئیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu مَکَّار (makkār), from Classical Persian مَکَّار (makkār), from Arabic مَكَّار (makkār).


mušqúl

mušqúl (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُشقُل)

Borrowed from Urdu مَشْغُول (maśġūl), from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

der

Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl)


núuṭa

head

núuṭa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نُوٹہ)


nikháatu

nikháatu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِکھاتوۡ)


nuuṭóo

nuuṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نُوٹو)


milóo

milóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مِلو)


-oo

Rarely occurring suffix with ablative function


níindra

níindra f (Perso-Arabic spelling نِیندرہ)

From Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā, “sleep (fem)”).


neečíir bíi

neečíir bíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نیچِیر بی)


oothóon

oothóon m (Perso-Arabic spelling اوتھون)


paakistaán

paakistaán m (Perso-Arabic spelling پاکستان)


níindram bíi

níindram bíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیندرم بی)


-óol

Perfective suffix (with a-ending L-verbs followed by a masculine agreement suffix)


muhaarír

muhaarír m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُحرِر)

From Urdu محرر (muharrir), from Arabic مُحَرِّر (muḥarrir).


mašwará

Borrowed from Urdu مَشْوَرَہ (maśvara), from Classical Persian مَشْوَرَه (mašwara), from Arabic مَشْوَرَة (mašwara).


-óon

Third person plural suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


paalaweeṇí

paalaweeṇí f (Perso-Arabic spelling پالویݨیۡ)

strongmanship (the state of being a strongman)


náqal

From Urdu نقل (naqal), from Arabic نَقْل (naql).


nimóos thíi

nimóos thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نِموس تھی)


laníi

laníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لنی)


-óoṛ

Second person singular suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


musibát

musibát f (Perso-Arabic spelling مُصِبت)

From Urdu مصیبت (musībat), from Persian مصیبت (mosibat), from Arabic مُصِيبَة (muṣība).


paaitsoó

paaitsoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling پائڅو)


múṭi

From Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “clenched hand, fist (masc.fem); handful”).


paalulaá

head

paalulaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling پالُولا)

the language of the Palula, primarily spoken in the Ashret and Biori Valleys


maaṣṭér

From Urdu ماسٹر (māsṭar), from English master.


paašóoṭu

paašóoṭu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پاشوٹوۡ)


nikrízi

nikrízi f (Perso-Arabic spelling نِکرزیۡ)

From Pashto [script needed] (nukrezey, nakrezey).


mauǰúd

head

mauǰúd (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling موجود)

Borrowed from Urdu مَوجُود (maujūd), from Classical Persian مَوْجُود (mawjūd), from Arabic مَوْجُود (mawjūd).


páata

páata (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پاتہ)


mutaabíq

mutaabíq (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُطابِق)

Borrowed from Urdu مُطَابِق (mutābiq), from Arabic مُطَابِق (muṭābiq).


niwešíi

niwešíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِوشی)

From Khowar [script needed] (niweš), from Persian [Term?].


oombaár

oombaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling اومبار)


-óot

Second person plural suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


pailóo

pailóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پئِلو)


muqaabilá

muqaabilá m (Perso-Arabic spelling مُقابلہ)

From Urdu مقابلہ (muqābala), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic مُقَابَلَة (muqābala).


nim paáu

nim paáu (Perso-Arabic spelling نِم پاؤ)


nikhíi

nikhíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِکھی)

From Sanskrit *निःष्कत्त (niḥṣkatta, “jumps out”).


ooraán

head

ooraán (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اوران)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (waraan).


nawambár

head

nawambár f (Perso-Arabic spelling نومبر)

From Urdu [Term?], from English November.


palíitu

palíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پلِیتوۡ)


nuqsaán thíi

nuqsaán thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نُقصان تھی)


nookarí thíi

nookarí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نوکریۡ تھی)

to work, to be employed, carry out a job


oóra the

oóra the (Perso-Arabic spelling اورہ تھےۡ)


kúulu

kúulu (feminine kúuli, Perso-Arabic spelling کُولوۡ)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑁄𑀮 (*kola), perhaps from Sanskrit कौल (kaula, “worshipper of Śakti according to left-hand ritual”), खोल (khola, “lame”), कोर (kora, “movable joint”). Cognate with Shina [script needed] (kōlu, “crooked”), Dameli [script needed] (kōla, “crooked”).


kitayíi

head

kitayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling کِتئی)


lhaléemi

lhaléemi f (Perso-Arabic spelling لھلیمیۡ)


oočhaá

From Sanskrit अपच्छाया (apacchāyā, “unlucky shadow (f)”).


maalúm

From Urdu معلوم (ma'lūm), from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).


paalawaáṇ

head

paalawaáṇ m (Perso-Arabic spelling پالواݨ)


nóoṛ

From Sanskrit नाडि (nāḍi, “tubular stalk of any plant, tubular organ, tube”).


paṇaraál

head

paṇaraál f (Perso-Arabic spelling پݨرال)


paṇaróo

paṇaróo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پݨرو)


mhoóru

mhoóru (feminine mhoóri, Perso-Arabic spelling مھوروۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit मधुर (madhura, “sweet”).


pac̣halíi

head

pac̣halíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پڇھلی)


oór

oór (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling اور)


páača

páača (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پاچہ)

From Sanskrit पक्व (pakva, “cooked, ripe”).


óol bhíi

óol bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اول بھی)


niaaṭíi

niaaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیاٹی)

From Sanskrit *निकर्तति (nikartati, “cuts off”).


muxtalíf

head

muxtalíf (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُختلِف)

Borrowed from Urdu مُخْتَلِف (muxtalif), from Arabic مُخْتَلِف (muḵtalif).


lhookeeró

lhookeeró (feminine lhookeerí, Perso-Arabic spelling لھوکیروۡ)

lhookeerí (feminine)
لھوکیروۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit लघुतर (laghutara, “lighter”), from लघु (laghu, “light”). By surface analysis, lhoóku (“young”) + -eeró.


pardóodu

head

pardóodu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پردودوۡ)


násal

From Urdu نسل (nasal), from Arabic نَسْل (nasl).


páam

From Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pakṣman, “eyelashes; hair of a deer, filament of a flower; petal of a flower; a thin thread (n)”).


patoodhám

head

patoodhám m (Perso-Arabic spelling پتودھم)

Patodham (hamlet in upper Ashret Valley)


palighaáṣ

palighaáṣ m (Perso-Arabic spelling پلِگھاݜ)


pakaár

pakaár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پکار)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (pa-kaar).


panǰeešúma

head

panǰeešúma (Perso-Arabic spelling پنجیشُمہ)


paalaá

From Sanskrit पल्लव (pallava, “sprout, twig, blossom (masc.neut)”).


patuíi

head

patuíi (پتوۡئی)


-óom

Oblique plural suffix (with aan-declension nouns, and with accent-shifting a-declension nouns)


-óom

Instrumental suffix (with accent-shifting a-declension nouns)


móṇḍu

móṇḍu (feminine móṇḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling موۡنڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “shaved, bald, lopped; hornless; blunt”). Compare Biori Phalura móḍu (“dull”).


patóo

head

patóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پتو)


páand

From Sanskrit पन्था (panthā, “path, road (masc)”).


mauǰudá

head

mauǰudá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling موجودہ)

Borrowed from Urdu مَوجُودَہ (maujūda), from Classical Persian مَوْجُودَه (mawjūda), from Arabic مَوْجُودَة (mawjūda), feminine of مَوْجُود (mawjūd).


páaša

páaša (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پاشہ)


páar

From Sanskrit परुत् (parut, “last year (adv)”).


máara

head

máara (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مارہ)

From Sanskrit मरते (marate, “will die”).


nawaáb

From Urdu نواب (navāb), from Arabic نُوَّاب (nuwwāb).

prince (esp. with reference to the ruler of Dir)


paṭíi

paṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پٹی)


lhoóku

lhoóku (feminine lhoóki, Perso-Arabic spelling لھوکوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit लघु (laghu, “light; slight, quick”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-).


paṭáanga

head

paṭáanga (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پٹانگہ)


mána thíi

mána thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling منع تھی)

From Urdu منع (manā), from Arabic مَنْع (manʕ).


níiṣṭu

níiṣṭu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیݜٹوۡ)


kanáa the

kanáa the (Perso-Arabic spelling کنا تھے)


panaahí dawóo

panaahí dawóo (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پناہیۡ دوو)


pašíǰa

pašíǰa (transitive, passive, Perso-Arabic spelling پشِجہ)


pac̣hélu

pac̣hélu (feminine pac̣héli, Perso-Arabic spelling پڇھیۡلوۡ)

pac̣héli (feminine)
پڇھیۡلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


paačhambá

paačhambá m (Perso-Arabic spelling پاچھمبہ)

From Classical Persian پنجشنبه (panj-šamba).


ooḍhóol

ooḍhóol f (Perso-Arabic spelling اوڈھول)

From Sanskrit *अवड्ढाल (avaḍḍhāla, “falling down”).


paidóo thíi

head

paidóo thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پیئدو تھی)


pakaár bhíi

pakaár bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پکار بھی)


pháanǰa

pháanǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھانجہ)


peexáur

peexáur m (Perso-Arabic spelling پیخوُر)

Peshawar (the provincial capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa)


phaaraṛíi

phaaraṛíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling پھارڑیۡ)

that thing over there (on the other side)


phaaraṛó

phaaraṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling پھارڑوۡ)

that far away over there (agr: dist nom masc sg)


patookúuṇ

patookúuṇ m (Perso-Arabic spelling پتوکُوݨ)


pamíilu

pamíilu (feminine pamíili, Perso-Arabic spelling پمِیلوۡ)

pamíili (feminine)
پمِیلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


pháamba

pháamba (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھامبہ)


pačóo

pačóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پچو)

From Sanskrit पच्यते (pacyate, “is cooked, is digested”).


paṇardóoṛu

head

paṇardóoṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پݨردوڑوۡ)


maidaaní

maidaaní (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مئدانیۡ)


muškíl

muškíl (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling مُشکِل)

Borrowed from Urdu مُشْکِل (muśkil), from Classical Persian مُشْکِل (muškil), from Arabic مُشْكِل (muškil).


páala

páala (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پالہ)

From Sanskrit *अपलीयते (apalīyate, “is hidden”).


niiṛíi

head

niiṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیڑی)


nuqsaán

nuqsaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling نُقصان)

From Urdu نقصان (nuqsān), from Arabic نُقْصَان (nuqṣān).


píilu

píilu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِیلوۡ)


phatooríi

phatooríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھتوری)

to roll up (one's sleeves, etc.), pull up


panǰíiš

From Sanskrit पञ्चदश (pañcadaśa, “fifteen”).


phaṭakoó

phaṭakoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling پھٹکو)


phaṭíi

phaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھٹی)


phaaraṛáa

phaaraṛáa (Perso-Arabic spelling پھارڑا)


pharé

pharé (پھرےۡ)


khúṭu

From Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*kuṭṭha, “knee”). Cognate with Dameli [script needed] (khuṭṭa, “knee”), Shina [script needed] (kúṭho, “knee”).


khúṭu

head

khúṭu (feminine khúṭi, Perso-Arabic spelling کُھٹوۡ)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*khuṭṭa), from Sanskrit खोर (khora, “lame”), खोट (khoṭa). Cognate with Shina [script needed] (khuṛu, “lame”), Dameli خُټَ (khúṭa, “lame”), Kalasha [script needed] (khū́ṭa, “lame”).


parúuṇ

From Sanskrit परिपवन (paripavana, “cleaning, winnowing; winnowing basket (n)”).


phrayíi

head

phrayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھرئی)


pharaṛáa

pharaṛáa (Perso-Arabic spelling پھرہ ڑا)


panaahí díi

panaahí díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پناہیۡ دی)


piṭiríǰa

piṭiríǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِٹِرِجہ)


phedóo

phedóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھیۡدو)


pheerimaá

pheerimaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling پھیرِما)


parúku

parúku (feminine parúki, Perso-Arabic spelling پرُکوۡ)


phrayíitu

phrayíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھرئِیتوۡ)


palóo

palóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پلو)

From Sanskrit *अपलाययति (apalāyayati, “hides”).


iṣṭú

From Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā, “brick (f)”).


piiṛíi

head

piiṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِیڑی)


náanu

náanu (feminine néeni, Perso-Arabic spelling نانوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit नग्न (nagná, “naked”).


pátaṛ

From Sanskrit पट्ट (paṭṭa, “cloth, woven silk; bandage, fillet turban, diadem”).


piǰúnu

head

piǰúnu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پِجُنوۡ)


panaahí

panaahí f (Perso-Arabic spelling پناہیۡ)

From Urdu پناہی (panāhī), from Persian [Term?].


pilawóo

pilawóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِلوو)


phiaaṛmaáǰ

phiaaṛmaáǰ m (Perso-Arabic spelling پِھئاڑماج)


pháapu

From Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa, “lungs (masc)”).


phará

From Sanskrit पार (pāra, “bringing across; further bank, furthest end”).


nóong

From Sanskrit नख (nakha, “nail (of finger or toe), claw (masc.neut)”).


pičhíla

head

pičhíla (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِچِھلہ)


nookarí

nookarí f (Perso-Arabic spelling نوکریۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu نَوکَرِی (naukarī), from Classical Persian نَوْکَرِی (nawkarī).


paraaṭoó

paraaṭoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling پراٹو)


poončíi

poončíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پونچی)

to pick off, pluck (fruit or vegetables)


piṭíi

piṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِٹی)


peeróoṇ

From Sanskrit परिधान (paridhāna, “garment (esp. undergarment) (n)”).


pašawóo

head

pašawóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پشوو)

From Sanskrit *पाशयति (pāśayati, “shows”).


phará giraá

phará giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling پھرہ گِرا)


patú giraá

patú giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling پتوۡ گِرا)


náaṭa

náaṭa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ناٹہ)

Inherited from Sanskrit नृत्त (nṛttá, “dancing”).


phaaṭuríi

head

phaaṭuríi f (Perso-Arabic spelling پھاٹُری)

From Sanskrit *फट्टिङ्ग (phaṭṭiṅga, “ep. of divine (flying) things; bird (m)”).


pilóo

head

pilóo (transitive, causative, Perso-Arabic spelling پِلو)


phaalíi

phaalíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پھالی)

From Sanskrit फालयति (phālayati, “splits, bursts (tr)”).

inh

to tear, break (apart), cut (into pieces)


pičhilóo

head

pičhilóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِچِلو)


phaág

From Sanskrit *फाल्गु (phālgu, “Ficus oppositifolia”).


phiíṇ

From Sanskrit फेन (phena, “foam, froth”).


peeɣambár

head

peeɣambár m (Perso-Arabic spelling پیغمبر)

From Urdu پیغمبر (paiġambar), from Persian [Term?].


ǰumá

جُمہ (Perso-Arabic)
ǰumá (nominative singular)
ǰumeé (nominative plural)
ǰumá (oblique singular)
ǰumeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic جَمَعَ (jamaʕa)
Arabic جُمْعَة (jumʕa)bor.
Classical Persian جُمْعَه (jum'a)bor.
Urdu جُمْعَہ (jum'a)bor.
Phalura ǰumá
Borrowed from Urdu جُمْعَہ (jum'a), borrowed from Classical Persian جُمْعَه (jum'a), borrowed from Arabic جُمْعَة (jumʕa), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).


puluswaalá

head

puluswaalá m (Perso-Arabic spelling پُلس والہ)


phóom thíi

phóom thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پھوم تھی)


pušilaapóoṭa

پُشیۡ لاپوٹہ

pušilaapóoṭa (Perso-Arabic spelling پُشیۡ لاپوٹہ)

(walk) soundlessly, in a cat-like manner


preeṣóo

preeṣóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پریݜو)


pooštrá

pooštrá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پوشترہ)


phus bhíi

phus bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پُھس بھی)


púunǰa

púunǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پُونجہ)


púustu

púustu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پُوستوۡ)


phóol

From Sanskrit फाल (phāla, “ploughshare (m); mattock”).


pánǰa

From Urdu پنجہ (panja), from Persian پنجه (panja).


paás

head

paás (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پاس)

Borrowed from Urdu پَاس (pās), from English pass.

passed, completed (an examination, etc.)


islaám

From Urdu اسلام (islām), from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


paidóo bhíi

paidóo bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پئیدو بھی)


phúngu

phúngu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پُھنگوۡ)

From Sanskrit *फुङ्ग (phuṅga, “mustache”).


páanǰ bhišá

páanǰ bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling پانج بِھشہ)


phoó

From Sanskrit *फोत (phota, “young of animal or plant”).


pheendúuru

head

pheendúuru m (Perso-Arabic spelling پھیندُوروۡ)

From Sanskrit *स्फानदारु (sphānadāru, “shovel”).


pharaṛó

head

pharaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling پھرہ ڑوۡ)


phútu

From Sanskrit *फुत्त (phutta, “insignificant”).


raawáṣ

the space between the mouth and the nose


raǰúuṭi

head

raǰúuṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling رچُوٹیۡ)


píṇi

From Sanskrit पिण्ड (piṇḍa, “lump, clod, piece; mouthful, ball of rice etc.; calf of leg (m)”).


paidóo

head

paidóo (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پئیدو)

Borrowed from Urdu پَیدَا (paidā), from Classical Persian پَیدَا (paydā).


pišakaál

pišakaál m (Perso-Arabic spelling پِشکال)

the 80 hottest days of the summer (appr. 21 Jun-10 Sep)


píiṣa

píiṣa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِیݜہ)

From Sanskrit पिंषति (piṃṣati, “grinds”).


phéepi

From Sanskrit *फुप्फु (phupphu, “father”).


prašpíili

prašpíili f (Perso-Arabic spelling پرشپِیلیۡ)

From Sanskrit प्रस्वेद (prasveda, “great sweat (m)”).


phuukíi

head

phuukíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پُھوکی)

From Sanskrit *फूत्क (phūtka, “blowing”).


phaár the

phaár the (Perso-Arabic spelling پھار تھےۡ)


pooraapóori

pooraapóori (Perso-Arabic spelling پورا پوریۡ)


milaáu bhíi

milaáu bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling مِلاوۡ بھی)


rhalikoóṭ

rhalikoóṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling رھلیۡ کوٹ)

Rhalikot (site of ancient fort in Ashret)


purá bhiíš

purá bhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling پُرہ بِھیش)


rhootašíia

rhootašíia (Perso-Arabic spelling رھوتشیہ)


náawu

náawu (feminine néewi, Perso-Arabic spelling ناووۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit नव (náva, “new, young”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


qatál

From Pashto [script needed] (qatl), from Pashto (Urdu/Arabic) qatl.


raiís

Rais, a ruling dynasty in Chitral, or a ruler of that dynasty


póo díi

head

póo díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پو دی)


peexamáana

peexamáana (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پیخمانہ)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پَشیمَان (pašēmān, “regretful”), perhaps via Pashto [Term?].


purá thíi

head

purá thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling پُرہ تھی)


paák

paák (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پاک)

Borrowed from Urdu پَاک (pāk), from Classical Persian پَاک (pāk).


búṭi

بُٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
búṭi (nominative singular)
búṭim (nominative plural)
búṭi (oblique singular)
búṭim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀽𑀝 (*būṭa, “bush, plant”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Cognate with Hindi बूटा (būṭā, “bush”), Romani buro (“thornbush”). Dardic cognates are lacking. Compare Classical Persian بوتَه (bōta, “bush”).


puuríi

head

puuríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پُوری)

From Sanskrit पूरयति (pūrayati, “fills”).


rueelá

government official with special resposibility for the forest (in the past)


rizárab

rizárab (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling رِزرب)


rhootašíi

rhootašíi f (Perso-Arabic spelling رھوتشی)


qatál thíi

qatál thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling قتل تھی)


púutri

púutri f (Perso-Arabic spelling پُوتریۡ)


qisá thíi

qisá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling قِصہ تھی)


pičhóo

pičhóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِچھو)

From Sanskrit *पिक्षोभयति (pikṣobhayati, “sets in motion”).


pilíilu

head

pilíilu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پِلِیلوۡ)


preṣ

From Sanskrit श्वश्रू (śvaśrū, “husband”).


ruikúṛi

ruikúṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling رُئیۡ کُڑیۡ)


póoṣ

From Sanskrit पाषि (pāṣi, “dry cowdung”).


raát

From Sanskrit रात्री (rātrī, “night (fem)”).


saaréeṇi

saaréeṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ساریݨیۡ)


práaču

From Sanskrit *प्रार्थ्यक (prārthyaka, “pertaining to hospitality”).


piaalá

From Urdu پیالہ (piyāla), from Persian [Term?].


príiṇṣu

head

príiṇṣu m (Perso-Arabic spelling پرِینݜوۡ)

From Sanskrit *प्रिषु (priṣu, “a partic. noxious insect, (prob.) flea”).


phióoṛ

From Sanskrit *स्फियपाट (sphiyapāṭa, “expanse of shoulderblade”).


rooṣíǰa

head

rooṣíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling روݜِجہ)


saáu

Sau (village in Kunar Valley, Afghanistan)


rhoošnaám

rhoošnaám m (Perso-Arabic spelling رھوشنام)


saatíi

saatíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ساتی)


ráal thíi

ráal thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling رال تھی)


ráal bhíi

ráal bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling رال بھی)


peerišaán

peerišaán (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پیرِشان)

Borrowed from Urdu پَریشَان (pareśān), from Classical Persian پَریشَان (parēšān).


piír

From Urdu پیر (pīr), from Persian [Term?].


kiṣṭúuču

kiṣṭúuču (feminine kiṣṭúuči, Perso-Arabic spelling کِݜٹُوچوۡ)

kiṣṭúuči (feminine)
کِݜٹُوچوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Kamviri [script needed] (kṣto) + -úuču, the ethnic self-designation of the Kṣto people (who speak Kṣtë́viri), a subgroup of Nuristani speakers.


raazí bhíi

raazí bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling راضیۡ بھی)


samandár

samandár f (Perso-Arabic spelling سمندر)


-óo

Third person singular suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


raatúku

raatúku (feminine raatúki, Perso-Arabic spelling راتُکوۡ)

raatúki (feminine)
راتُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


pruugraám

pruugraám f (Perso-Arabic spelling پرُوگرام)

From Urdu [Term?], from English programme.


mirmaadikoór

mirmaadikoór m (Perso-Arabic spelling مِرمادِکور)

member of the Mirmadikor clan (in Ashret)


ríi

ríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ری)


páaku

páaku (feminine péeki, Perso-Arabic spelling پاکوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit पक्व (pakvá, “cooked, ripe”).


reemáts

From Sanskrit रोहितमत्स्य (rohitamatsya, “the fish Cyprinus rohitaka (m)”).


ram raám the

head

ram raám the (Perso-Arabic spelling رم رام تھےۡ)


ráat

From Sanskrit रक्त (rakta, “coloured, dyed; red; blood (neut)”).


sambáaṛa

head

sambáaṛa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سمباڑہ)


rhoó díi

rhoó díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling رھو دی)


níilu

níilu (feminine níili, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیلوۡ)

From Sanskrit नील (nī́la, “dark blue, dark green, black”).


phúuṭa

head

phúuṭa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پُھوٹہ)

From Sanskrit *स्फोट्यते (sphoṭyate, “is broken”).


púutru

head

púutru m (Perso-Arabic spelling پُوتروۡ)


phusóo

phusóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پُھسو)

From Sanskrit *पुसति (pusati, “leaves, is left”).


qalám

From Urdu قلم (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam).


sastíi

head

sastíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سستی)


rištaá

From Pashto [script needed] (rixtiiˈaa).


sateemaáǰ

sateemaáǰ f (Perso-Arabic spelling ستیماج)


sarayíi

sarayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سریئ)


práal

From Sanskrit *प्रभाल (prabhāla, “light”).


rikaáḍ thíi

rikaáḍ thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling رِکاڈ تھی)


qasaáb

From Urdu قصاب (qassāb), from Arabic قَصَّاب (qaṣṣāb).


qábur

From Urdu قبر (qabr), from Arabic قَبْر (qabr).


pulús

police (as organization or individual representative)


rúulu

rúulu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling رُولوۡ)


rúuṣ

From Sanskrit रोष m (roṣa, “anger, fury”).


sataašúma

sataašúma (Perso-Arabic spelling ستاشُمہ)


purá

purá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پُرہ)

Borrowed from Urdu پُورَا (pūrā, “full, complete”), from Sanskrit पूर (pūra, “filling”).


saṇḍameé

head

saṇḍameé f (Perso-Arabic spelling سنڈہ مے)


rawaán bhíi

rawaán bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling روان بھی)


séeri

feminine of sóoru (“whole; good; healthy”)


sarayíǰa

sarayíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سرِئجہ)


samaṭíi

samaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سمٹی)

From Sanskrit समर्थयते (samarthayate, “resolves; perceives; comforts”).


qaatí

From Urdu قہط (qaht), from Arabic قَحْط (qaḥṭ).


seentá

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seentá (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling سینتہ)


qadiím

From Urdu قدیم (qadīm), from Arabic قَدِيم (qadīm).


piaadá

From Urdu پیادہ (piyāda), from Persian [Term?].


qurbaán

qurbaán m (Perso-Arabic spelling قُربان)

From Urdu قربان (qurbān), from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān).


siríka

siríka (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سِرِکہ)


kráam

کرام (Perso-Arabic)
kráam (nominative singular)
kráama (nominative plural)
kráama (oblique singular)
kráamam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-
Sanskrit कृ (kṛ)
Sanskrit -मन् (-man)
Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman)
Phalura kráam
Inherited from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, work”).


sirikóo

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sirikóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سِرِکو)

to move sth out of the way, put away sth, withdraw


ée

Expression used when addressing a person or attracting sb's attention


sangí

sangí (سنگیۡ)

From Sanskrit सङ्ग (saṅga, “battle (masc); contact with; addiction to”).


paalúulu

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paalúulu (feminine paalúuli, Perso-Arabic spelling پالُولوۡ)

paalúuli (feminine)
پالُولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit पटोल (paṭola), referring to the Patola Shahis, a dynasty of Buddhist kings ruling from Gilgit. According to oral history, the Palula people migrated from the very region that the Patola Shahis ruled over.


sáar

From Sanskrit सरस् (saras, “lake, pool (neut)”).


sigéeli

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sigéeli f (Perso-Arabic spelling سِگیلیۡ)

Sigeli (pass between Biori Valley and Badrugal)


seešambá

seešambá m (Perso-Arabic spelling سیشمبہ)


ríziq

From Urdu رزق (rizq), from Arabic رِزْق (rizq).


samóo

samóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سمو)

From Sanskrit संमाति (saṃmāti, “is contained in”).

inh

to build, put together, construct, design


níindra yhíi

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níindra yhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling نِیندرہ یھی)


siléeni

siléeni f (Perso-Arabic spelling سِلینیۡ)


ráaǰ

From Sanskrit रज्जु (rajju, “rope, cord (fem)”).


rasuúl

From Urdu رسول (rasūl), from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl).


sútu

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sútu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سُتوۡ)


saáz bhíi

saáz bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ساز بھی)


qabúl thíi

qabúl thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling قبُل تھی)

From Urdu قبول (qubūl), from Arabic قُبُول (qubūl).


šaakíilu

šaakíilu (Perso-Arabic spelling شاکِیلوۡ)


quraán

From Persian قرآن (quraan), from Arabic الْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


sazaá díi

sazaá díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling سزا دی)


soṭmiroó

soṭmiroó m (Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡٹمِرو)


séeti

From Sanskrit सक्थि (sakthi, “thigh, thighbone”).


sirázar

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sirázar m (Perso-Arabic spelling سرہ زر)

From Pashto [script needed] (sara zar), from Pashto '(red) gold' sara zar.


qabiilá

qabiilá m (Perso-Arabic spelling قبِیلہ)

From Urdu قبیلہ (qabīla), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic قَبِيلَة (qabīla).


qisá

From Urdu قصہ (qissa), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa).


saáz thíi

saáz thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ساز تھی)


suóo

suóo (intransitive, causative, Perso-Arabic spelling سُوو)


qarzá

From Urdu قرضہ (qarza), from Persian [Term?], from Arabic قَرْض (qarḍ).


rištá

From Urdu رشتہ (riśta), from Persian [Term?].


síiu

From Sanskrit सेतु (setu, “dam, bridge; boundary (m)”).


saamaán

From Urdu سامان (sāmān), from Persian [Term?].


phus

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phus (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling پُھس)


salaám thíi

salaám thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling سلام تھی)


nóo

Inherited from Sanskrit नामन् (nāman, “name (neut)”).


saaraá

From Persian صحرا (sahrâ), from Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ).

der

Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ)


šaṛadeéš

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šaṛadeéš m (Perso-Arabic spelling شڑدیش)

Sharadesh (hamlet in central Ashret Valley)


súutr

From Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, “thread, cord”).


sábur thíi

sábur thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling صبُر تھی)


šidalíi

šidalíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling شِدلی)


saaróoṇu

saaróoṇu m (Perso-Arabic spelling ساروݨوۡ)

From Sanskrit *स्याराणिका (syārāṇikā, “wife”).


sarbaraá

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sarbaraá m (Perso-Arabic spelling سربراہ)

From Urdu سر براہ (sar-barā), from Persian [Term?].


šidalaár

šidalaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling شِدلار)


sígal

From Sanskrit सिकता (sikatā, “grain of sand; sand, gravel (fem)”).


saṇḍá

From Sanskrit साण्ड (sā́ṇḍa, “uncastrated (of bull)”).


šaaraháaṛu

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šaaraháaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling شار ہاڑوۡ)

80-day period during which various kinds of fruit are ripe, the maize harvest is gathered, and people are stocking up for the cold season (appr. 11 Sep-30 Nov)


rusúx

From Urdu رسوخ (rusūx), from Arabic رُسُوخ (rusūḵ).


riwaáǰ

From Urdu رواج (ravāj), from Arabic رَوَاج (rawāj).


šíli

kind of wild edible herb growing in the hills


sabáq

From Urdu سبق (sabaq), from Arabic سَبْك (sabk, “melting, casting; shaping, polishing”).


soór

From Sanskrit सर (sara, “hardness (of wood); best part”).


šióo

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šióo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling شِئو)


búku

búku (feminine búki, Perso-Arabic spelling بُکوۡ)

Probably inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*bukka, “defective”). Cognate with Torwali [script needed] (būk, “blunt”), Dameli بوکَ (bōka, “blunt”).


šíia

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šíia (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling شِیہ)


lhoílu

lhoílu (feminine lhoíli, Perso-Arabic spelling لھوئِلوۡ)

lhoíli (feminine)
لھوئِلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit *लोहिल (lohila, “red”) (compare लोहित (lohita)), from लोह (lohá).


lhoílu

(by extension, in the plural) money (i.e. red like the 100 rupee note)


surkhaṇoó

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surkhaṇoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling سُرکھݨو)

members of any of the five clans: Phatake, Zarine, Badile, Mirmadikor and Mullahkor