nu

head

nu (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نوۡ)


be

be (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling بےۡ)


de

de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)


ba

ba (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بہ)

Marker with a (switch-)topic function (variously corresponding to 'and, however, instead, as for, but')


ban

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

Probably borrowed from Urdu بَنْد (band), from Persian بند (band).


so

so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)

From Sanskrit स ; सो (sa ; so, “nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that”).


bi

head

bi (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ)


las

las (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لس)


ni

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)


ta

ta (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling تہ)

Particle with different-subject marking function (variously corresponding to 'when, then, so (that), and')


ga

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).


ga

head

ga (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)


ga

Marker of inferred, assumed or presumed knowledge


-um

-áam

With a- and e-ending verb stems in Biori


se

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)


tu

tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)


maní

maní (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling منیۡ)


ee

ee (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling اے)

Conjoining marker cliticized to the first constituent


kam

kam (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کم)

Borrowed from Urdu کم (kam), from Persian کم (kam).


lo

lo (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لوۡ)


le

le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)

that, this (agr: dist fem / dist non-nom masc)


ma

From Sanskrit म (ma, “1sg (base of oblique cases)”).

inh

I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)

máa-

Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.


-a

-ée

Alternation with ái-a for ai-ending nouns


-a

Oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns)


-a

Masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix


-u

Masculine nominative/singular agreement suffix


tas

head

tas (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling تس)

From Sanskrit त (ta, “base of nom.sg.n., all obl.sg and all pl. forms of pron. and pronom. adj”).


tang

head

tang (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling تنگ)

Borrowed from Urdu تَنگ, from Classical Persian تَنگ.


ki

ki (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling کیۡ)


ki

Complementizer preceding extraposed complement clause


hum

hum (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling ہُم)


bas

From Urdu بس (bas), from Persian بس (bas, “enough”).


čo

From Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, “moves to and fro, retires”).


mung

From Sanskrit मुद्ग (mudga, “the bean Phaseolus mungo”).


xu

head

xu (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling خوۡ)


kursí

Borrowed from Urdu کُرْسِی (kursī), from Classical Persian کُرْسِی (kursī), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy).


kir

From Sanskrit किरि (kiri, “scattering, heap”).


har

From Urdu ہر (har), from Persian [Term?].


líka

head

líka (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling لِکہ)


tus

tus (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling تُس)

From Sanskrit युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “pron. 2 pl”).


-am

Oblique plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)


-am

Instrumental suffix (with a-declension nouns)


dhun

دُھن (Perso-Arabic)
dhún (nominative singular)
dhuní (nominative plural)
dhuní (oblique singular)
dhuníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
Sanskrit अन्ध (andha)
Phalura dhun
Ultimately derived from Sanskrit *धूमान्ध (dhūmāndha, “dim-sighted”), from धूम (dhūma, “smoke”) + अन्ध (andha, “blind”). Cognate with Hindi धुंध (dhundh).


síla

head

síla (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سِلہ)

From Sanskrit सीव्यति (sīvyati, “sews”).


-í

Oblique case suffix (with i-declension nouns)


anís

anís (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِس)


marg

From Urdu مرگ (marg), from Persian مرگ (marg).


uts

From Sanskrit उत्स (utsa, “spring of water (masc)”).


šum

head

šum (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling شُم)

Borrowed from Urdu شُوم (śūm), from Arabic شُؤْم (šuʔm).


xox

xox (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling خوۡخ)


harf

From Urdu حرف (harf), from Arabic حَرْف (ḥarf).


píla

píla (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling پِلہ)


nis

nis (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نِس)


darák

درک (Perso-Arabic)
darák (nominative singular)
darakí (nominative plural)
darakí (oblique singular)
darakíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَرْك (dark)bor.
Classical Persian دَرْک (dark)der.?
Phalura darák
Borrowed from Pashto دَرَک (darak, “trace, sign”), perhaps from Classical Persian دَرْک (dark, “perception”), from Arabic دَرْك (dark).


dhut

دُھت (Perso-Arabic)
dhút (nominative singular)
dhúta (nominative plural)
dhúta (oblique singular)
dhútam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (*dutta)
Phalura dhut
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (*dutta), perhaps from a variant of Sanskrit तुण्ड (tuṇḍa, “beak, trunk, snout”). Cognate with Dameli dut (“lip”), Kalami دُت (dut, “lip”), Wotapuri-Katarqalai [script needed] (dut, “mouth”), Torwali دُھوت (dhūt, “lip”), Shina [script needed] (dūt, “lip”), with no exact cognates found outside Shinaic and Kohistani languages.


-ée

Plural suffix (with ai-ending a-declension nouns)


-ée

Oblique case suffix (with ai-ending a-declension nouns)


síi

head

síi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling سی)

From Sanskrit स्वपति (svapati, “sleeps”).


aní

aní (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انیۡ)


xat

From Urdu خط (xat), from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).


thée

thée (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling تھے)


abaí

ابئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
abaí (nominative singular)
abaím (nominative plural)
abaí (oblique singular)
abaím (oblique plural)


abás

abás (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ابس)

Etymology tree
Urdu اَبَس (abas)bor.
Phalura abás
Borrowed from Urdu اَبَس (abas).


dúi

head

dúi (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling دُئیۡ)

the other (out of two or more entities referred to)


dúi

From Sanskrit *दुतीय (dutīya, “second”), a later form of द्वितीय (dvitī́ya).


níi

níi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نی)

third-person singular genderless subject pronoun: he, she, it


ágar

ágar (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling اگر)

From Urdu اگر (agar), from Persian [Term?].


díi

díi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دی)


díi

díi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دی)


ڙ

The twentieth letter of the Palula abjad. https://omniglot.com/writing/palula.htm


muṭ

From Sanskrit *मुट्ठ (muṭṭha, “defective”).


čhína

čhína (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھنہ)

From Sanskrit *छिन्दति (chindati, “cuts off, splits”).


ṣiṣ

ݜِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
ṣíṣ (nominative singular)
ṣiṣá (nominative plural)
ṣiṣá (oblique singular)
ṣiṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa)
Phalura ṣiṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa, “head, skull”).


putr

پُتر (Perso-Arabic)
pútr (nominative singular)
putrá (nominative plural)
putrá (oblique singular)
putróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Inherited from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra, “son”).


khur

From Sanskrit खुर (khura, “hoof”). Cognate with Kashmiri کھۄر (khọr, “foot”).


gúum

head

gúum (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling گُوم)


šak

From Urdu شک (śak), from Arabic شَكّ (šakk).


dúna

dúna (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دُنہ)


wazíir

Borrowed from Urdu وَزِیر (vazīr), from Classical Persian وَزِیر (wazīr), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr).


biṣ

بِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
bíṣ (nominative singular)
biṣá (nominative plural)
biṣá (oblique singular)
biṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wisós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás
Sanskrit विष (viṣa)
Phalura biṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit विष (viṣá, “poison”).


bóor

head

bóor (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بور)

Borrowed from Urdu بور (bor), from English bore.


kií

kií (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling کی)


áak

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas
Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas
Sanskrit एक (eka)
Phalura áak
From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).


šúša

head

šúša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling شُشہ)


míla

míla (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling مِلہ)

From Sanskrit मिलति (milati, “meets, encounters”).


wáǰa

From Pashto [script needed] (waǰa), from Arabic حُجَّة (ḥujja).


súuri

From Sanskrit सूरिय (sūriya, “sun (masc)”).


laním

head

laním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لنِم)


ṣing

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-
Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga)
Phalura ṣing
Inherited from Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).


tóoru

توروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
tóoru (nominative singular)
tóora (nominative plural)
tóora (oblique singular)
tóoram (oblique plural)

From Sanskrit तारक (tāraka, “belonging to the stars”).


áaḍu

From Sanskrit अर्ध (ardha, “half (masc.neut)”).


buṭ

بُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
búṭ (nominative singular)
buṭá (nominative plural)
buṭá (oblique singular)
buṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.
Proto-Germanic *bautaną
Frankish *bautander.?
Old French botebor.
Middle English bote
English bootbor.
Urdu بُوٹ (būṭ)bor.
Phalura buṭ
Borrowed from Urdu بُوٹ (būṭ).


kučúru

head

kučúru m (Perso-Arabic spelling کُچُروۡ)

From Sanskrit *कुच्चुर (kuccura, “dog”).


damá

دمہ (Perso-Arabic)
damá (nominative singular)
dameé (nominative plural)
damá (oblique singular)
dameém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto دَمَه (dama, “rest”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *damH- (“to blow, breathe”) (whence Classical Persian دَم (dam, “breath”)).


híṛu

head

híṛu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ہِڑوۡ)


bhróo

بھرو (Perso-Arabic)
bhróo (nominative singular)
bhraaú (nominative plural)
bhraaú (oblique singular)
bhraawóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”).


buuḍóo

head

buuḍóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈو)

to cause grievance (lit. make sb grow old)


heewaánd

heewaánd m (Perso-Arabic spelling ہیواند)

Inherited from Sanskrit हेमन्त (hemanta, “winter”).


bhruk

بھرُک (Perso-Arabic)
bhrúk (nominative singular)
bhrúka (nominative plural)
bhrúka (oblique singular)
bhrúkam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás
Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)
Phalura bhruk
Inherited from Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkká, “kidney”).


ṣoṛíiš

From Sanskrit षोडशन् (ṣóḍaśan, “sixteen”).


gháanu

head

gháanu (feminine ghéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling گھانوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact, firm, dense; densely filled, deep (of sound or colour)”).


basaánd

بساند (Perso-Arabic)
basaánd (nominative singular)
basandá (nominative plural)
basandá (oblique singular)
basandóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd
Inherited from Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta, “spring season”).

inh+

can also refer more specifically to the first part of spring (a 40-day period) when days are warmer and plants begin to grow and flowers blossom (appr. 1 Apr-10 May)


aaṣaáṛ

آݜاڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaáṛ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛí (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛí (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛíim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya, “pertaining to the month Āṣāḍha”), from आषाढ (āṣāḍha).


aaghaá

آگھا (Perso-Arabic)
aaghaá (nominative singular)
aaghaaí (nominative plural)
aaghaaí (oblique singular)
aaghaaíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Inherited from Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”).


-aá

Converb suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


aaǰíi niigiraá

head

aaǰíi niigiraá (Perso-Arabic spelling آجی نِیگِرا)


-áa

Infinitive suffix added to the verb root


aamúuṣṭu

aamúuṣṭu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمُوݜٹوۡ)


-aán

Plural suffix (with aan-declension nouns)


-áand

Present tense suffix (with a closed class of (motion) verbs followed by masculine agreement suffix)


aakatí

aakatí (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling آکتیۡ)


aaǰíi baád

aaǰíi baád (Perso-Arabic spelling آجی باد)


aaṛaíǰa

aaṛaíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آڑئِجہ)


-áan

-éen

When followed by feminine agreement suffix -i


áak thiáaḍu

áak thiáaḍu (Perso-Arabic spelling آک تِھئاڈوۡ)


aambúr

آمبُر (Perso-Arabic)
aambúr (nominative singular)
aambúra (nominative plural)
aambúra (oblique singular)
aambúram (oblique plural)


áača

áača (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آچہ)

From Sanskrit अत्येति (atyeti, “comes upon, goes; enters”).


aawaṛíi

head

aawaṛíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آوڑی)


-áaya

First person plural suffix (with a-ending verb stems)


áangu

From Sanskrit अन्क (anka, “hook (masc)”).


aamburíi

aamburíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمبُری)

From Sanskrit *आमारयति (āmārayati, “rubs”).


ačíitu

ačíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اچِیتوۡ)


aaraám ki

aaraám ki (Perso-Arabic spelling آرام کیۡ)


aambúuṛu

aambúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling آمبُوڑوۡ)

آمبُوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aambúuṛu (nominative singular)
aambúuṛa (nominative plural)
aambúuṛa (oblique singular)
aambúuṛam (oblique plural)


aám

aám (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عام)

Borrowed from Urdu عَامّ ('āmm), from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).


aḍapharíi

aḍapharíi (Perso-Arabic spelling اڈپھری)


aarúuṣṭi

aarúuṣṭi f (Perso-Arabic spelling آرُوݜٹیۡ)

آرُوݜٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aarúuṣṭi (nominative singular)
aarúuṣṭim (nominative plural)
aarúuṣṭi (oblique singular)
aarúuṣṭim (oblique plural)


aaṣúuṛu

aaṣúuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜوڑوۡ)

آݜوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣúuṛu (nominative singular)
aaṣúuṛa (nominative plural)
aaṣúuṛa (oblique singular)
aaṣúuṛam (oblique plural)

a small brown bird usually found flying over fields


abás bhíi

abás bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ابس بھی)


akaṭíi

akaṭíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹی)


áašuṇ

From Sanskrit अशनि (aśani, “thunderbolt (fem)”).


áaṣṭ bhišá

head

áaṣṭ bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜٹ بِھشہ)


aaxér kaár

aaxér kaár (Perso-Arabic spelling آخیۡر کار)


akaṭíǰa

akaṭíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹِجہ)


akaašúma

akaašúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اکاشُمہ)


aniním

aniním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنِم)


adáb thíi

adáb thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ادب تھی)


aǰá mooṣṭá

aǰá mooṣṭá (Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ موݜٹہ)


akaadúi

akaadúi (reciprocal, Perso-Arabic spelling اکادُئیۡ)


amiléeli

amiléeli (Perso-Arabic spelling امِلیلیۡ)


aníi

aníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انی)


amilóolu

amilóolu (feminine amiléeli, Perso-Arabic spelling امِلولوۡ)

amiléeli (feminine)
امِلولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


aaṣaṛphúṇḍi

aaṣaṛphúṇḍi f (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ پُھنڈیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura aaṣaṛphúṇḍi
The first element is aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”).

etymon

season when the apricot flowers are in bloom


aninaám

head

aninaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنام)


aaraám thíi

aaraám thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling آرام تھی)


aniníi

aniníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِنی)


amzayíi

amzayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling امزئی)


anǰurú

anǰurú m (Perso-Arabic spelling انجُروۡ)


aǰá giraá

aǰá giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ گِرا)


anisíi

anisíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انِسی)


-áaṭ

Suffix added to verb stem to form agentive verbal noun


andáa

andáa (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اندا)


aṇabhišúma

aṇabhišúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اݨبِھشُمہ)


akaṭóo

akaṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اکٹو)


asaám

asaám (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسام)


amál thíi

amál thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عمل تھی)


aṛás

aṛás (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑس)


aṛanaám

aṛanaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑنام)


andáa the

andáa the (Perso-Arabic spelling اندا تھےۡ)


aǰaṛó

aǰaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اجہ ڑوۡ)

that up (upstream) /over there (agr: dist nom masc sg)


asím

asím (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسِم)


aṣṭaašúma

aṣṭaašúma (Perso-Arabic spelling اݜٹاشُمہ)


aṛíi

aṛíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑی)


aṛasíi

aṛasíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑسی)


abhíiṇi

abhíiṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ابِھیݨیۡ)

ابِھیݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
abhíiṇi (nominative singular)
abhíiṇim (nominative plural)
abhíiṇi (oblique singular)
abhíiṇim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (bən, “co-wife”).


anɣaará

head

anɣaará m (Perso-Arabic spelling انغارہ)

انغارہ (Perso-Arabic)
anɣaará (nominative singular)
anɣaareé (nominative plural)
anɣaará (oblique singular)
anɣaareém (oblique plural)


aṇabhiíš

aṇabhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling اݨبِھیش)

From Sanskrit ऊनविंशति (ūnaviṃśati, “19 (fem)”).


atíitu

head

atíitu (feminine atíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling اتِیتوۡ)

atíiti (feminine)
اتِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


andáa bhe

andáa bhe (Perso-Arabic spelling اندا بھےۡ)


-awá

Causative (or second/double causative) suffix


aaweelíi

From Pashto [script needed] (aw-wal), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


akóoš

From Sanskrit एकादश (ekādaśa, “eleven”).


aaǰúku

aaǰúku (feminine aaǰúki, Perso-Arabic spelling آجُکوۡ)


asár bhíi

asár bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر بھی)


baaráki

baaráki (بارہ کیۡ)


axsaá

axsaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اخسا)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (xsaa).


alhamdulilaá

head

alhamdulilaá (Perso-Arabic spelling الحمداللہ)

From Urdu الحمداللہ (alhamdu-li-llāh), from Arabic الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ (al-ḥamdu li-llāhi).

der

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ


asár wháida

head

asár wháida (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر وھئدہ)


aṣṭóoš

From Sanskrit अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa, “eighteen”).


aḍaphaár tií

aḍaphaár tií (Perso-Arabic spelling اڈپھار تی)


asíi

asíi (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling اسی)

From Sanskrit अस्मद् (asmad, “1pl (base of oblique cases)”).


ašáq bhíi

head

ašáq bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عشق بھی)


aáǰ

From Sanskrit अद्य (adya, “today”). Cognate with Kashmiri اَز (az, “today”).


aṛó

aṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑوۡ)


askóona ǰhulí

اسکونہ جُھلیۡ

askóona ǰhulí (Perso-Arabic spelling اسکونہ جُھلیۡ)


báaṭa

báaṭa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باٹہ)


axsí ǰíi

axsí ǰíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اخسیۡ جی)


azaáb díi

azaáb díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling عذاب دی)


audás yhíi

audás yhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اودس یھی)


baasóo

baasóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باسو)

to give shelter, accommodate, have sb stay (overnight)


baándi

baándi (باندیۡ)


atshareét xaás

atshareét xaás (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریت خاص)

the main village in Ashret Valley where the police post, government high school, and the bazaar are located


anú

anú (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling انوۡ)


anú

From Sanskrit अन (ana, “this (pronominal stem)”).


amzarái

head

amzarái m (Perso-Arabic spelling امزرئیۡ)

امزرئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
amzarái (nominative singular)
amzarée (nominative plural)
amzaréea (nominative plural)
amzarée (oblique singular)
amzaréea (oblique singular)
amzaréem (oblique plural)


atshareét

atshareét m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریت)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Ashret (a village, a valley in Chitral district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


audás phooṭóo

audás phooṭóo (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اودس پھوٹو)


baačaí thíi

baačaí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling باچئیۡ تھی)


axsí

اخسیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
axsí (nominative singular)
axsiá (nominative plural)
axsí (oblique singular)
axsióom (oblique plural)

a traditional game played between two teams that involves holding up one's right leg with one's left hand while fighting with one's right hand


aamúuṣa

aamúuṣa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling آمُوݜہ)

Inherited from Sanskrit आमृष्यते (āmṛṣyate), *आमृष्ट (āmṛṣṭa, “bears patiently”).


baḍoorghaá

head

baḍoorghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڈورگھا)

Badrugal (Nuristani village between Ashret and Kalkatak)


aṭíi

aṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling اٹی)

From Sanskrit *अट्ट् (aṭṭ, “contain, be contained, fit into”).


atshareetaá

head

atshareetaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھریتا)


badhooṛóo

badhooṛóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بدھوڑو)


baás díi

baás díi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling باس دی)


báaḍa

báaḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling باڈہ)

From Sanskrit वर्धते (vardhate, “grows, increases”).


asár thíi

head

asár thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling اثر تھی)


aqalmandí

aqalmandí f (Perso-Arabic spelling عقلمندیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu عَقْل مَنْدِی ('aql mandī), from Persian [Term?].

bor+

عَقْل مَنْدِی


baṭsúm

Batsum (cluster of houses in Kanegha, Ashret Valley)


bač thíi

head

bač thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ تھی)


baaqaáida

baaqaáida (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling باقاعدہ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَاقَاعِدَہ (bāqā'ida).


baṭadíi

Batadee (peak in upper Pherima in Ashret Valley)


baṛookoó

head

baṛookoó m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڑوکو)


aaṣaṛpéeči

aaṣaṛpéeči f (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ پیچیۡ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura páača
Phalura -i
Phalura aaṣaṛpéeči
From aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + páača (“to ripen”) + -i.


audás

اودس (Perso-Arabic)
audás (nominative singular)
audasí (nominative plural)
audasí (oblique singular)
audasíim (oblique plural)


bač bhíi

head

bač bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ بھی)


aleehisalaám

aleehisalaám (honorific, Perso-Arabic spelling علیہ السلام)

From Urdu علیہ السلام (alaihi-s-salām), from Arabic عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام (ʕalayhi s-salām).

der

عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام


baát díi

head

baát díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بات دی)


aṛé

aṛé (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اڑےۡ)

that (agr: dist fem / dist masc non-nom)


aac̣háaru

aac̣háaru m (Perso-Arabic spelling آڇھاروۡ)

آڇھاروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aac̣háaru (nominative singular)
aac̣háara (nominative plural)
aac̣háara (oblique singular)
aac̣háaram (oblique plural)

From Sanskrit *अक्षदारुक (akṣadāruka), made from अक्ष (akṣa, “Elaeocarpus angustifolius”) + दारु (dāru, “wood”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Dameli [script needed] (aṣkürṓ).


baačaí

Borrowed from Urdu بَادْشَاہِی (bādśāhī).


baaláx

بالخ (Perso-Arabic)
baaláx (nominative singular)
baalaxí (nominative plural)
baalaxí (oblique singular)
baalaxíim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (baalixt).


bazgál

Bazgal (part of Patodham in Ashret Valley)


ašáq

head

ašáq (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عشق)

Borrowed from Urdu عِشْق ('iśq), from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).


baaqimaandá

baaqimaandá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling باقیۡ ماندہ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَاقِی مَانْدَہ (bāqī mānda).

bor+

بَاقِی مَانْدَہ


axpúl

اخپُل (Perso-Arabic)
axpúl (nominative singular)
axpulaán (nominative plural)
axpulá (nominative plural)
axpulá (oblique singular)
axpuloóm (oblique plural)
axpulaanoóm (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (xpul).


balasgíri

head

balasgíri f (Perso-Arabic spelling بلسگِریۡ)

Balasgiri (a pastureland in Kotgha, Ashret)


axtár

اختر (Perso-Arabic)
axtár (nominative singular)
axtarí (nominative plural)
axtarí (oblique singular)
axtaríim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (axtar).


angaá bhíi

head

angaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling انگا بھی)

From Urdu آگا (āgā), from Persian [Term?].


baaẓgalá

baaẓgalá m (Perso-Arabic spelling باڙگلہ)


ban thíi

ban thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بن تھی)


baboózi

baboózi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ببوزیۡ)

ببوزیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baboózi (nominative singular)
baboózim (nominative plural)
baboózi (oblique singular)
baboózim (oblique plural)


baǰá

Borrowed from Urdu بَجْنَا (bajnā, “to sound, strike (as a clock)”).


aalúg

آلُگ (Perso-Arabic)
aalúg (nominative singular)
aalugaán (nominative plural)
aalugá (nominative plural)
aalugá (oblique singular)
aalugoóm (oblique plural)
aalugaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आलुक (āluka)
Urdu آلُو (ālū)bor.
Pashto الوbor.
Phalura aalúg
From Pashto الو (alu, “potato”), from Urdu آلُو (ālū, “potato”).


bálki

head

bálki (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling بلکیۡ)


bandubás thíi

bandubás thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بندوبس تھی)


bač

bač (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بچ)

Borrowed from Urdu بَچْنَا (bacnā, “to be saved”).


bhaaruṛóo

head

bhaaruṛóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھارُڑو)


báatru

باتروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
báatru (nominative singular)
báatra (nominative plural)
báatra (oblique singular)
báatram (oblique plural)

(agriculture) wooden water lock (for irrigation)


béem

béem (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بیم)


baurázi

baurázi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بورزیۡ)

بورزیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baurázi (nominative singular)
baurázim (nominative plural)
baurázi (oblique singular)
baurázim (oblique plural)


bhakulíi

bhakulíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلی)


beeṣṭíi

beeṣṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِیݜٹی)


bhaáu

bhaáu (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling بھاؤ)


bhayíitu

bhayíitu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھئِیتوۡ)


bharaaḍám

bharaaḍám m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراڈم)

Bharadam (hamlet in upper Ashret Valley)


bardaáš thíi

bardaáš thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling برداش تھی)


bhéṭu

bhéṭu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡٹوۡ)


aandáaru

aandáaru m (Perso-Arabic spelling آنداروۡ)

آنداروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aandáaru (nominative singular)
aandáara (nominative plural)
aandáara (oblique singular)
aandáaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आन्त्र (āntra)
Phalura aandáaru
Inherited from Sanskrit आन्त्र (āntra, “entrail”).


apreešán

head

apreešán f (Perso-Arabic spelling اپریشن)

اپریشن (Perso-Arabic)
apreešán (nominative singular)
apreešaní (nominative plural)
apreešaní (oblique singular)
apreešaníim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu آپْریشَن (āpreśan), from English operation.


aksár

From Urdu اکثر (aksar), from Arabic أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar).


atsharíitu

atsharíitu (feminine atsharíiti, Perso-Arabic spelling اڅھرِیتوۡ)

atsharíiti (feminine)
اڅھرِیتوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Phalura atshareét
Phalura -u
Phalura atsharíitu
atshareét (“Ashret valley”) + -u.


bhanǰawóo

head

bhanǰawóo (transitive, causative, Perso-Arabic spelling بھنجوو)


bhíi

bhíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھی)


baxšíš díi

baxšíš díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بخشِش دی)


aarakiloóṛ

aarakiloóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آرہ کِلوڑ)

آرہ کِلوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aarakiloóṛ (nominative singular)
aarakilooṛá (nominative plural)
aarakilooṛá (oblique singular)
aarakilooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura óoru
Phalura kilúuṛu
Phalura aarakiloóṛ
Compound of óoru (“peach”) + kilúuṛu (“sapling”).


beedhríi

head

beedhríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بیدھری)

From Sanskrit *वीध्रिय (vīdhriya, “relating to the clear sky”).


beetseerá

head

beetseerá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بیڅیرہ)

From bee- (“without”) + Pashto [script needed] (tse-rah, “face”).


amriká

امرِکہ (Perso-Arabic)
amriká (nominative singular)
amrikeé (nominative plural)
amriká (oblique singular)
amrikeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu امریکا (amrīkā), ultimately from English America.

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America, USA (a country in North America)


baád

From Urdu باد (bād), from Arabic بَعْدَ (baʕda).


balíi

بلی (Perso-Arabic)
balíi (nominative singular)
balíia (nominative plural)
balíia (oblique singular)
balíiam (oblique plural)


arabistaán

head

arabistaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling عربِستان)

Borrowed from Urdu عَرَبِسْتَان ('arabistān), from Classical Persian عَرَبِسْتَان (arabistān).

bor+

عَرَبِسْتَان

der

عَرَبِسْتَان


bhíitu

head

bhíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیتوۡ)


babaáy

ببائیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
babaáy (nominative singular)
babayí (nominative plural)
babayí (oblique singular)
babayíim (oblique plural)


beedhowaá

beedhowaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بیدھوا)


baxíi

baxíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بخی)

From Urdu بخشنا (baxśnā), from Persian [Term?].


beéṣṭ

بیݜٹ (Perso-Arabic)
beéṣṭ (nominative singular)
beeṣṭí (nominative plural)
beeṣṭí (oblique singular)
beeṣṭíim (oblique plural)


bhaagíi

bhaagíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھاگی)

From Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya, “divisible; entitled to a share; per cent”).


behtár

head

behtár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بہتر)

Borrowed from Urdu بہتر (behtar), from Persian بهتر (bihtar).


bhiooṛkúi

bhiooṛkúi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑکُئیۡ)


ac̣hooṛpéeči

ac̣hooṛpéeči f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇھوڑ پیچیۡ)

اڇھوڑ پیچیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hooṛpéeči (nominative singular)
ac̣hooṛpéečim (nominative plural)
ac̣hooṛpéeči (oblique singular)
ac̣hooṛpéečim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa)
Phalura ac̣hoóṛ
Phalura páača
Phalura -i
Phalura ac̣hooṛpéeči
From ac̣hoóṛ (“walnut”) + páača (“to ripen”) + -i, literally "ripening of walnuts".

af

fourth month of summer (according to one traditional calendar)


bhéengi ǰíi

head

bhéengi ǰíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھینگیۡ جی)


bhayíi

bhayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھئی)

From Sanskrit वापयति (vāpayati, “sows”).


anguṭí

anguṭí f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُٹیۡ)

انگُٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
anguṭí (nominative singular)
anguṭiá (nominative plural)
anguṭí (oblique singular)
anguṭióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अग्निष्ठ (agniṣṭha, “fire-pan”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


aaindá

From Urdu آئنده (āindā), from Persian [Term?].


bhaṛíi

head

bhaṛíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھڑی)

From Sanskrit भ्राष्ट्र (bhrāṣṭra, “gridiron (masc); cooked on a gridiron”).


bhiooṛkúuṭ

head

bhiooṛkúuṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑکُوٹ)

Bhiorkot (place in Sharadesh in Ashret Valley)


aarzaán

aarzaán (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ارزان)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárǰʰatider.
Classical Persian اَرْزَان (arzān)bor.
Pashto اَرْزَانbor.
Phalura aarzaán
Borrowed from Pashto اَرْزَان (arzân), from Classical Persian اَرْزَان (arzān).


alaaqá

علاقہ (Perso-Arabic)
alaaqá (nominative singular)
alaaqeé (nominative plural)
alaaqá (oblique singular)
alaaqeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَلَاقَة (ʕalāqa)bor.
Classical Persian عِلَاقَه (ilāqa)bor.
Urdu عِلَاقَہ ('ilāqa)bor.
Phalura alaaqá
Borrowed from Urdu عِلَاقَہ ('ilāqa).

ur>عِلَاقَہ>area


baázi

From Urdu بعضی (ba'zī), from Arabic بَعْض (baʕḍ).


bhaarúuṛi

head

bhaarúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھارُوڑیۡ)

بھارُوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaarúuṛi (nominative singular)
bhaarúuṛim (nominative plural)
bhaarúuṛi (oblique singular)
bhaarúuṛim (oblique plural)


bhešóo

bhešóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡشو)

From Sanskrit उपवेशयति (upaveśayati, “causes to sit”).


beezáaya

head

beezáaya (Perso-Arabic spelling بیضائیہ)

From Urdu [Term?], from Arabic بِزَائِدَةٍ (bizāʔidatin).


bheeríči

bheeríči f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیرِچیۡ)

بھیرِچیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bheeríči (nominative singular)
bheeríčim (nominative plural)
bheeríči (oblique singular)
bheeríčim (oblique plural)


bhíili ṣáača

بِھیلیۡ ݜاچہ

bhíili ṣáača (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ ݜاچہ)


bhanǰóo

bhanǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھنجو)

From Sanskrit भञ्जति (bhañjati, “breaks”).


bhiaalúku

bhiaalúku (feminine bhiaalúki, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئالُکوۡ)

bhiaalúki (feminine)
بِھئالُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


bhéša

bhéša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیۡشہ)

From Sanskrit उपविशति (upaviśati, “approaches; sits down”).


bhaangí

head

bhaangí m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھانگیۡ)

بھانگیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaangí (nominative singular)
bhaangiaán (nominative plural)
bhaangiá (nominative plural)
bhaangiá (oblique singular)
bhaangioóm (oblique plural)
bhaangiaanoóm (oblique plural)


aaxér

From Urdu آخر (āxir), from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir).


aaṣaṛmúṭ

aaṣaṛmúṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ مُٹ)

آݜڑ مُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaṛmúṭ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛmuṭá (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛmuṭá (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛmuṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura muṭ
Phalura aaṣaṛmúṭ
Compound of aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + muṭ (“tree”).


bhalaá

بھلا (Perso-Arabic)
bhalaá (nominative singular)
bhalaagaán (nominative plural)
bhalaá (oblique singular)
bhalaagoóm (oblique plural)
bhalaagaanoóm (oblique plural)


bhaampú

head

bhaampú m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھامپوۡ)

بھامپوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhaampú (nominative singular)
bhaampuá (nominative plural)
bhaampú (oblique singular)
bhaampuóom (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Khowar [script needed] (bampu).


bhiíš

From Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśati, “20 (fem)”).


baraabár

head

baraabár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling برابر)

Borrowed from Urdu بَرَابَر (barābar), from Classical Persian بَرَابَر (barābar).


aaṣaṛkiloóṛ

aaṣaṛkiloóṛ m (Perso-Arabic spelling آݜڑ کِلوڑ)

آݜڑ کِلوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
aaṣaṛkiloóṛ (nominative singular)
aaṣaṛkilooṛá (nominative plural)
aaṣaṛkilooṛá (oblique singular)
aaṣaṛkilooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit आषाढीय (āṣāḍhīya)
Phalura aaṣaáṛ
Phalura kilúuṛu
Phalura aaṣaṛkiloóṛ
Compound of aaṣaáṛ (“apricot”) + kilúuṛu (“sapling”).


beelčá

بیلچہ (Perso-Arabic)
beelčá (nominative singular)
beelčeé (nominative plural)
beelčá (oblique singular)
beelčeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu بیلچہ (belca), from Classical Persian بیلْچَه (bēlča).


bhíšee aṇabhiíš

head

بِھشے اݨبِھش

bhíšee aṇabhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اݨبِھش)


angúṭ

انگُٹ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṭ (nominative singular)
anguṭí (nominative plural)
anguṭí (oblique singular)
anguṭíim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अग्निष्ठ (agniṣṭha, “fire-pan”).


bhíia

head

bhíia (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیہ)

From Sanskrit बिभेति (bibheti, “fears”).


bhantsaáp

bhantsaáp m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھنڅاپ)

بھنڅاپ (Perso-Arabic)
bhantsaáp (nominative singular)
bhantsapá (nominative plural)
bhantsapá (oblique singular)
bhantsapóom (oblique plural)


bheezatí thíi

bheezatí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھیزتیۡ تھی)


baalṭí

بالٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baalṭí (nominative singular)
baalṭiá (nominative plural)
baalṭí (oblique singular)
baalṭióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Portuguese baldebor.
Urdu بَالْٹِی (bālṭī)bor.
Phalura baalṭí
Borrowed from Urdu بَالْٹِی (bālṭī).


bhíili díi

head

bhíili díi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیلیۡ دی)


bheeríi

بھیری (Perso-Arabic)
bheeríi (nominative singular)
bheeríia (nominative plural)
bheeríia (oblique singular)
bheeríiam (oblique plural)

donkey seller (group of people, usually Pashtun, who in the past came with their donkeys from the Dir side)


bhíšee áak

bhíšee áak (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے آک)


ac̣hoóṛ

اڇھوڑ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hoóṛ (nominative singular)
ac̣hooṛá (nominative plural)
ac̣hooṛá (oblique singular)
ac̣hooṛóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa)
Phalura ac̣hoóṛ
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”).


bhíšee čandíiš

head

بِھشے چندِیش

bhíšee čandíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے چندِیش)


ac̣híiwu

ac̣híiwu (feminine ac̣híiwi, Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھیوۡ)

ac̣híiwi (feminine)
اڇِھیوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi?
Phalura ac̣híiwu
Unknown. Perhaps derived from ac̣híi (“eye”).


bhíšee áaṣṭ

head

bhíšee áaṣṭ (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے آݜٹ)


alučá

الُچہ (Perso-Arabic)
alučá (nominative singular)
alučeé (nominative plural)
alučá (oblique singular)
alučeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian آلُو (ālū)
Classical Persian ـچَه (-ča)
Classical Persian آلُوچَه (ālūča)bor.
Urdu آلُوچَہ (ālūca)bor.
Phalura alučá
Borrowed from Urdu آلُوچَہ (ālūca, “plum”).


baltéec̣i

head

baltéec̣i f (Perso-Arabic spelling بلتیڇیۡ)

Baltechi (peak near Pemdi in Ashret Valley)


bhíšee aṣṭóoš

bhíšee aṣṭóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اݜٹوش)


bhíšee čúur

bhíšee čúur (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے چُور)


bhiúuṛi

bhiúuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئُوڑیۡ)

Biori (valley and the largest village in the valley with the same name, i.e. Upper Biori or Biori proper)


bayaán thíi

bayaán thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بیان تھی)

From Urdu بیان (bayān), from Arabic بَيَان (bayān).


bhíšee núu

bhíšee núu (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے نُو)


anguštéeri

anguštéeri f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُشتیریۡ)

انگُشتیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
anguštéeri (nominative singular)
anguštéerim (nominative plural)
anguštéeri (oblique singular)
anguštéerim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar)
Phalura -i
Phalura anguštéeri
From Classical Persian اَنْگُشْتَر (anguštar, “ring”) + -i.


aawaáz

آواز (Perso-Arabic)
aawaáz (nominative singular)
aaweezí (nominative plural)
aaweezí (oblique singular)
aaweezíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu آوَاز (āvāz)bor.
Phalura aawaáz
Borrowed from Urdu آوَاز (āvāz), from Classical Persian آوَاز (āwāz).


aaraám

آرام (Perso-Arabic)
aaraám (nominative singular)
aareemí (nominative plural)
aareemí (oblique singular)
aareemíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Indo-European *h₁rem-
Classical Persian آرَام (ārām)bor.
Urdu آرَام (ārām)bor.
Phalura aaraám
Borrowed from Urdu آرَام (ārām), from Classical Persian آرَام (ārām).


bhíšee panǰíiš

head

بِھشے پنجِیش

bhíšee panǰíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے پنجِیش)


bhíšee ṣo

bhíšee ṣo (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ݜوۡ)


bhunaṛáa

bhunaṛáa (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنہ ڑا)


bhíšee dáaš

bhíšee dáaš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے داش)


bhunimaá

bhunimaá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنِما)


bartaanyáii

bartaanyáii (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling برطانئی)

Borrowed from Urdu بَرْطانْیَہ (bartānya).


bhíšee páanǰ

head

bhíšee páanǰ (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے پانج)


amál

عمل (Perso-Arabic)
amál (nominative singular)
amalí (nominative plural)
amalí (oblique singular)
amalíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal)bor.
Classical Persian عَمَل (amal)bor.
Urdu عَمَل ('amal)bor.
Phalura amál
Borrowed from Urdu عَمَل ('amal).


baneén

بنین (Perso-Arabic)
baneén (nominative singular)
baneení (nominative plural)
baneení (oblique singular)
baneeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu بَنِیَان (baniyān)bor.
Phalura baneén
Borrowed from Urdu بَنِیَان (baniyān).


bhíšee dúu

head

bhíšee dúu (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے دُو)


adáb

ادب (Perso-Arabic)
adáb (nominative singular)
adabí (nominative plural)
adabí (oblique singular)
adabíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَب (dab)bor.
Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab)bor.
Classical Persian اَدَب (adab)bor.
Urdu اَدَب (adab)bor.
Phalura adáb
Borrowed from Urdu اَدَب (adab).


aǰdahaá

اژدھا (Perso-Arabic)
aǰdahaá (nominative singular)
aǰdaheeí (nominative plural)
aǰdaheeí (oblique singular)
aǰdaheeíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬁𐬐𐬀 (aži.dahāka)der.
Classical Persian اَژْدَهَا (aždahā)bor.
Urdu اَژْدَہَا (aźdahā)bor.
Phalura aǰdahaá
Borrowed from Urdu اَژْدَہَا (aźdahā).


bhíšee sáat

head

bhíšee sáat (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے سات)


banglái

banglái f (Perso-Arabic spelling بنگلئیۡ)

بنگلئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
banglái (nominative singular)
banglée (nominative plural)
bangléea (nominative plural)
banglée (oblique singular)
bangléea (oblique singular)
bangléem (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Urdu بَنْگْلِی (banglī)bor.
Phalura banglái
Borrowed from Urdu بَنْگْلِی (banglī).


bhíšee ṣoṛíiš

head

بِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش

bhíšee ṣoṛíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ݜوۡڑِیش)


bhíšee akóoš

bhíšee akóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے اکوش)


bhíšee tróo

bhíšee tróo (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ترو)


bhíšee tríiš

bhíšee tríiš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ترِیش)


bhringeečhínu

بھرنگیچِھنوۡ

bhringeečhínu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرنگیچِھنوۡ)

Bhringechino (part of Sharadesh in Ashret Valley)


aabaád

آباد (Perso-Arabic)
aabaád (nominative singular)
aabaadí (nominative plural)
aabaadí (oblique singular)
aabaadíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der.
Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt'
Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād)bor.
Urdu آباد (ābād)bor.
Phalura aabaád
Borrowed from Urdu آبَاد (ābād), from Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād).


bhootíi thíi

head

bhootíi thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوتی تھی)


bhóoša

bhóoša (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوشہ)

From Sanskrit वाश्यते (vāśyate, “roars, howls, bellows, lowings, bleatings, singing (of birds)”).


aulaád

اولاد (Perso-Arabic)
aulaád (nominative singular)
auleedí (nominative plural)
auleedí (oblique singular)
auleedíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَوْلَاد (ʔawlād)bor.
Classical Persian اَوْلَاد (awlād)bor.
Urdu اَولَاد (aulād)bor.
Phalura aulaád
Borrowed from Urdu اَولَاد (aulād).


bidréegi

head

bidréegi (Perso-Arabic spelling بِدریگیۡ)


bheezatí

bheezatí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیزتیۡ)

Borrowed from Urdu بے عِزَّتِی (be 'izzatī), from Classical Persian بی عِزَّتِی (bē izzatī).


aayaát

آیات (Perso-Arabic)
aayaát (nominative singular)
aayeetí (nominative plural)
aayeetí (oblique singular)
aayeetíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Semitic *awayat-
Arabic آيَة (ʔāya)bor.
Classical Persian آیَه (āya)bor.
Urdu آیَت (āyat)bor.
Phalura aayaát
Borrowed from Urdu آیَت (āyat).


askóon

head

askóon (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اسکون)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭭 (ʾsʾn)
Classical Persian آسَان (āsān)bor.
Urdu آسان (āsān)bor.
Phalura askóon
Borrowed from Urdu آسان (āsān).


bilíǰa

head

bilíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِلجہ)


bilóo

bilóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِلو)


beeitifeeqí

beeitifeeqí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بے اِتفیقیۡ)

From Urdu بے اِتِّفَاقِی (be ittifāqī), from Classical Persian بیاِتِّفَاقِی (bē-ittifāqī).

bor

بے اِتِّفَاقِی

Urdu بے اِتِّفَاقِی (be ittifāqī)

der

بیاِتِّفَاقِی


asár

اثر (Perso-Arabic)
asár (nominative singular)
asarí (nominative plural)
asarí (oblique singular)
asaríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar)bor.
Classical Persian اَثَر (asar)bor.
Urdu اَثَر (asar)bor.
Phalura asár
Borrowed from Urdu اَثَر (asar).


bimóoṭ

Bimot (place in Patodham in Ashret Valley)


bhun mooṣṭá

head

bhun mooṣṭá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھن موݜٹہ)


bhíšee satóoš

bhíšee satóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے ستوش)


akaṣingí

akaṣingí (Perso-Arabic spelling اکہ ݜِنگیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas
Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas
Sanskrit एक (eka)
Phalura áak
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-
Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga)
Phalura ṣing
Phalura -i
Phalura akaṣingí
From áak (“one”) + ṣing (“horn”) + -i.


bhóo

head

bhóo (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling بھو)

From Sanskrit भावयति (bhāvayati, “causes to be; cherishes; considers, esteems, shows”).


bakáara

بکارہ (Perso-Arabic)
bakáara (nominative singular)
bakáaram (nominative plural)
bakáara (oblique singular)
bakáaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Phalura bakáara
Inherited from Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara, “kid, lamb; goat”).


bhunaṛó

head

bhunaṛó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھنہ ڑوۡ)


bigaaṣíi

bigaaṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِگاݜی)


aalmaarí

aalmaarí f (Perso-Arabic spelling آلماریۡ)

آلماریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
aalmaarí (nominative singular)
aalmaariá (nominative plural)
aalmaarí (oblique singular)
aalmaarióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmosder.
Latin arma
Latin -ārium
Latin armāriumbor.
Portuguese armáriobor.
Urdu اَلْمَارِی (almārī)bor.
Phalura aalmaarí
Borrowed from Urdu اَلْمَارِی (almārī).


bhrúuṇi

head

bhrúuṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرُوݨیۡ)

بھرُوݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhrúuṇi (nominative singular)
bhrúuṇim (nominative plural)
bhrúuṇi (oblique singular)
bhrúuṇim (oblique plural)


biǰóola

biǰóola (feminine biǰéeli, Perso-Arabic spelling بِجولہ)

biǰéeli (feminine)
بِجولہ (Perso-Arabic)


bhun giraá

bhun giraá (Perso-Arabic spelling بُھن گِرا)


bi ... bi

bi ... bi (Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ ۔۔۔ بیۡ)


báabu

بابوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
báabu (nominative singular)
báaba (nominative plural)
báaba (oblique singular)
báabam (oblique plural)
báabu (nominative singular)
baabayeé (nominative plural)
báabu (oblique singular)
baabayeé (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀩𑀸𑀩𑁆𑀩 (bābba).


bruǰéeli

head

bruǰéeli f (Perso-Arabic spelling برُجیلیۡ)

Brujeli (peak in Kodgha in Ashret Valley)


ac̣húuṛi

ac̣húuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇُھوڑیۡ)

اڇُھوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣húuṛi (nominative singular)
ac̣húuṛim (nominative plural)
ac̣húuṛi (oblique singular)
ac̣húuṛim (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


bhuuǰóo

head

bhuuǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھوجو)

From Sanskrit बुध्यते (budhyate, “is awakened, observes, understands”).


biaáǰ

بِئاج (Perso-Arabic)
biaáǰ (nominative singular)
bieeǰí (nominative plural)
bieeǰí (oblique singular)
bieeǰíim (oblique plural)


bistiṇóokam

head

bistiṇóokam (Perso-Arabic spelling بِستِݨوکم)


buḍóo

buḍóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڈو)


buṭhimeém

buṭhimeém (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹِھمیم)


áabru

From Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra, “cloud, rainy weather (n, rarely m)”).


buṭíi

head

buṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹی)


bhakulaár

bhakulaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھکُلار)

بھکُلار (Perso-Arabic)
bhakulaár (nominative singular)
bhakuleerí (nominative plural)
bhakuleerí (oblique singular)
bhakuleeríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*bhakkha)
Phalura bhakúlu
Phalura -aár
Phalura bhakulaár
From bhakúlu + -aár.


buzeeghaá

head

buzeeghaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling بزیگھا)

Buzegha (hamlet in upper Ashret Valley with a Pashtun majority)


beewafaá

beewafaá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بے وفا)

Borrowed from Urdu بے وَفَا (be vafā), from Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā).


bhúṛi

بُھڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhúṛi (nominative singular)
bhúṛim (nominative plural)
bhúṛi (oblique singular)
bhúṛim (oblique plural)

(agriculture) miller's share (portion of grain given as payment to a miller)


bhúuru

bhúuru (feminine bhúuri, Perso-Arabic spelling بُھوروۡ)

bhúuri (feminine)
بُھوروۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑁄𑀟 (*bhoḍa) or *𑀩𑁄𑀟 (*boḍa, “defective”).


buc̣haalíi

buc̣haalíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھالی)


bhiooṛúuču

bhiooṛúuču (feminine bhiooṛúuči, Perso-Arabic spelling بِھئوڑُوچوۡ)

bhiooṛúuči (feminine)
بِھئوڑُوچوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Phalura bhiúuṛi
Phalura -úuču
Phalura bhiooṛúuču
From bhiúuṛi (“Biori valley”) + -úuču.


búdu

head

búdu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُدوۡ)


butsóo

butsóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڅو)


buláaḍa

buláaḍa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُلاڈہ)


bhráanzu

bhráanzu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرانزوۡ)

بھرانزوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhráanzu (nominative singular)
bhráanza (nominative plural)
bhráanza (oblique singular)
bhráanzam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Cognate with Kalasha [script needed] (brhānz, “meadow”).


baaǰá

باجہ (Perso-Arabic)
baaǰá (nominative singular)
baaǰeé (nominative plural)
baaǰá (oblique singular)
baaǰeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́dyam
Sanskrit वाद्य (vādya)
Urdu بَاجَا (bājā)bor.
Phalura baaǰá
Borrowed from Urdu بَاجَا (bājā).


čaaríi

head

čaaríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چاری)


buuḍíi

buuḍíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈی)


bulooṣṭóo

bulooṣṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُلوݜٹو)


čaargúl

čaargúl m (Perso-Arabic spelling چارگُل)


čalayíi

čalayíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چلئی)


čakaaḍhám

čakaaḍhám m (Perso-Arabic spelling چکاڈھم)

Chakadham (settlement in Dhamaret, Biori Valley)


bhrit

بھرِت (Perso-Arabic)
bhrít (nominative singular)
bhrití (nominative plural)
bhrití (oblique singular)
bhritíim (oblique plural)


buc̣héeli

buc̣héeli (Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھیلیۡ)


buǰóo

buǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُجو)


čáara

čáara (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چارہ)


breéx díi

breéx díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بریخ دی)


baxšíš

بخشِش (Perso-Arabic)
baxšíš (nominative singular)
baxšiší (nominative plural)
baxšiší (oblique singular)
baxšišíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian بَخْشِش (baxšiš)bor.
Urdu بَخْشِش (baxśiś)bor.
Phalura baxšíš
Borrowed from Urdu بَخْشِش (baxśiś).


čakatíi

head

čakatíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چکتی)


breéx nikhíi

breéx nikhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بریخ نِکھی)


biṣáama

biṣáama (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بِݜامہ)

From Sanskrit विश्रमते (viśramate, “rests”).


bóoš

From Sanskrit द्वादश (dvādaśa, “twelve”).


čeemáaru

čeemáaru (Perso-Arabic spelling چیماروۡ)


čalaíǰa

čalaíǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چلئِجہ)


čapíi

čapíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چپی)


baačaá

باچا (Perso-Arabic)
baačaá (nominative singular)
baačaán (nominative plural)
baačaá (oblique singular)
baačaán (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian پَادِشَاه (pādišāh)der.
Urdu بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh)bor.
Phalura baačaá
Borrowed from Urdu بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh).

etymon

ur>بَادْشَاہ>king


baasanháaṛu

head

baasanháaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling باسن ہاڑوۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd
Phalura baasanháaṛu
Compound of basaánd (“spring”) + an uncertain element.

etymon

a 40-day period during which some trees bear fruit (e.g. apricots) and the wheat harvest is gathered; approximately 11 May-20 Jun


čaáx

head

čaáx (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چاخ)


baḍhíir

baḍhíir m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڈِھیر)

بڈِھیر (Perso-Arabic)
baḍhíir (nominative singular)
baḍhíira (nominative plural)
baḍhíira (oblique singular)
baḍhíiram (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *वर्धिर (vardhira, “axe, hammer”), from the root वर्ध् (vardh). Cognate with Kalami بَڈِیر (bäḍīr).


čarbhaáng

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čarbhaáng f (Perso-Arabic spelling چربھانگ)


čandeešúma

čandeešúma (Perso-Arabic spelling چندیشُمہ)


čaapheér

čaapheér (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چاپھیر)

From Pashto [script needed] (čaaper, čaapera).


čháaḍa

head

čháaḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھاڈہ)


booǰái

بوجئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
booǰái (nominative singular)
booǰée (nominative plural)
booǰéea (nominative plural)
booǰée (oblique singular)
booǰéea (oblique singular)
booǰéem (oblique plural)


bi na ... bi na

بیۡ نہ ۔۔۔ بیۡ نہ

bi na ... bi na (Perso-Arabic spelling بیۡ نہ ۔۔۔ بیۡ نہ)


čhaaṭíi

čhaaṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھاٹی)


bútsu

بُڅوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bútsu (nominative singular)
bútsa (nominative plural)
bútsa (oblique singular)
bútsam (oblique plural)


čhínǰa

čhínǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھنجہ)

to fall, strike, be felled, be cut off, break apart


bóor thíi

bóor thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling بور تھی)


čhudóo

čhudóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھدو)


búǰa

búǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُجہ)

inh

Sanskrit बुध्यते (budhyate, “is awakened, observes, understands”)


čaukaáṭ

From Pashto [script needed] (čaukhaṭ), from Pashto (Urdu) čaukhaṭ.


čhúuṇu

head

čhúuṇu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھوݨوۡ)


búusi

بُوسیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
búusi (nominative singular)
búusim (nominative plural)
búusi (oblique singular)
búusim (oblique plural)


buṭheé

buṭheé (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling بُٹھے)


čeeméeri

čeeméeri (Perso-Arabic spelling چیمیریۡ)


čimaríilu

čimaríilu (Perso-Arabic spelling چِمرِیلوۡ)


breéx

بریخ (Perso-Arabic)
breéx (nominative singular)
breexí (nominative plural)
breexí (oblique singular)
breexíim (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (brex).


čiiríitu

head

čiiríitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِیرِیتوۡ)


čináaxti

čináaxti f (Perso-Arabic spelling چِناختیۡ)


ac̣hikhípi

ac̣hikhípi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھکِھپیۡ)

اڇِھکِھپیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hikhípi (nominative singular)
ac̣hikhípim (nominative plural)
ac̣hikhípi (oblique singular)
ac̣hikhípim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Phalura ac̣hikhípi
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element.


čhíi

From Sanskrit छादि (chādi, “*covering”).


čhin thíi

head

čhin thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چِھن تھی)


ac̣hibéeṛi

ac̣hibéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھبیڑیۡ)

اڇِھبیڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hibéeṛi (nominative singular)
ac̣hibéeṛim (nominative plural)
ac̣hibéeṛi (oblique singular)
ac̣hibéeṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū)?
Phalura ac̣hibáaṛu
Phalura -i
Phalura ac̣hibéeṛi
From ac̣hibáaṛu (“eyebrow”) + -i.


čimikíi

head

čimikíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِمِکی)


čamán

From Urdu چمن (caman), from Persian [Term?].


bháawal

بھاول (Perso-Arabic)
bháawal (nominative singular)
bháawala (nominative plural)
bháawala (oblique singular)
bháawalam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बाहुल (bāhula)?
Phalura bháawal
Uncertain. Perhaps inherited from Sanskrit बाहुल (bāhula, “armour for the arms”).


beeṭí

بیٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
beeṭí (nominative singular)
beeṭiá (nominative plural)
beeṭí (oblique singular)
beeṭióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*beṭṭa, “child”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Cognate with Urdu بیٹِی (beṭī, “daughter, child”).


buuḍóolu

head

buuḍóolu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈولوۡ)

بُوڈولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
buuḍóolu (nominative singular)
buuḍóola (nominative plural)
buuḍóola (oblique singular)
buuḍóolam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Cognate with Kalami [script needed] (gaṅgar-bū́ṭ, “spider”).


čoóng

traditional cheese made from lassi by heating it until partly solid


čand

head

čand (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling چند)

From Urdu چند (cand), from Persian چند (čand).


čilaás

Chilas (town in Indus Valley, the place of origin of the forefather of most Ashretis)


čaaršambá

čaaršambá m (Perso-Arabic spelling چارشمبہ)


čoonkóo

čoonkóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چونکو)


čukuṣóo

čukuṣóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُکُݜو)


čiiríi

čiiríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِیری)


čorkúuṇḍu

čorkúuṇḍu m (Perso-Arabic spelling چوۡرکُونڈوۡ)


čandíiš

From Sanskrit चतुर्दश (caturdaśa, “fourteen”).


bhíšee bóoš

head

bhíšee bóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھشے بوش)


čhooríi

čhooríi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چھوری)

From Sanskrit छोरयति (chorayati, “removes, throws away, abandons”).


čurúṛa

head

čurúṛa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُرُڑہ)


čooṭíi

čooṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چوٹی)


čooṇṭóo

čooṇṭóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چونٹو)


čumanéeṛi

čumanéeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling چُمنیڑیۡ)


angreéz

angreéz m (Perso-Arabic spelling انگریز)

انگریز (Perso-Arabic)
angreéz (nominative singular)
angreezaán (nominative plural)
angreezá (nominative plural)
angreezá (oblique singular)
angreezoóm (oblique plural)
angreezaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *angliz
Old English Engle
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-isk
Old English -isċ
Old English Englisċder.
Portuguese inglêsbor.
Urdu اَنْگْریز (angrez)bor.
Phalura angreéz
Borrowed from Urdu اَنْگْریز (angrez).


čuuṣíi

head

čuuṣíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُوݜی)


čuruṭíi

čuruṭíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُرُٹی)


číčal

From Sanskrit *किच्च (kicca, “mud, dirt”).


bigaár

بِگار (Perso-Arabic)
bigaár (nominative singular)
bigeerí (nominative plural)
bigeerí (oblique singular)
bigeeríim (oblique plural)

From Urdu بیگَار (begār), from Classical Persian بیگَار (bēgār, “forced unpaid labour”).


ac̣hikúi

head

ac̣hikúi f (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھکُئیۡ)

اڇِھکُئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hikúi (nominative singular)
ac̣hikúim (nominative plural)
ac̣hikúi (oblique singular)
ac̣hikúim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Phalura ac̣hikúi
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element.


číɣi díi

head

číɣi díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چِغیۡ دی)


aaghaabáanu

aaghaabáanu (feminine aaghaabéeni, Perso-Arabic spelling آگھا بانوۡ)

aaghaabéeni (feminine)
آگھا بانوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas
Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa)
Phalura aaghaabáanu
From aaghaá (“sky”) + Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “appearance, colour, class”).


čulóo

head

čulóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُلو)


balikhaáṭ

balikhaáṭ m (Perso-Arabic spelling بلِکھاٹ)

بلِکھاٹ (Perso-Arabic)
balikhaáṭ (nominative singular)
balikhaṭá (nominative plural)
balikhaṭá (oblique singular)
balikhaṭóom (oblique plural)
balikhaáṭ (nominative singular)
balikheeṭí (nominative plural)
balikheeṭí (oblique singular)
balikheeṭíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura balíi
Phalura kháaṭu
Phalura balikhaáṭ
Compound of balíi (“outside”) + kháaṭu (“lid”).


aakaaghuúṛ

head

aakaaghuúṛ f (Perso-Arabic spelling آکاگُھوڑ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Phalura aaghaá
Sanskrit घुरति (ghurati)
Phalura aakaaghuúṛ
Compound of aaghaá (“sky”) + Sanskrit घुरति (ghurati, “to cry out”). The second component is uncertain; compare Hindi घुड़कना (ghuṛaknā, “to growl”).


bhéṭi

بھیۡٹیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhéṭi (nominative singular)
bhéṭim (nominative plural)
bhéṭi (oblique singular)
bhéṭim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वीटा (vīṭā)?
Phalura bhéṭi
Uncertain. Perhaps from a variant of Sanskrit वीटा (vīṭā, “small piece of stick”), some of whose descendants mean "bundle", including Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀝 (viṃṭa, “wrapping of fruit”), 𑀯𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀻 (viṭṭī, “bundle”), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀆 (viṃṭaliā, “bundle”), Hindi बींड़ा (bī̃ṛā, “twist of grass”). Turner does not list any Dardic cognates.


buc̣húṇa

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buc̣húṇa (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇُھݨہ)

From Sanskrit *विक्षुणत्ति (vikṣuṇatti, “pounds”).

inh

*विक्षुणत्ति


azaáb

عذاب (Perso-Arabic)
azaáb (nominative singular)
azeebí (nominative plural)
azeebí (oblique singular)
azeebíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb)bor.
Classical Persian عَذَاب (azāb)bor.
Urdu عَذَاب ('azāb)bor.
Phalura azaáb
Borrowed from Urdu عَذَاب ('azāb), borrowed from Classical Persian عَذَاب (azāb), borrowed from Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb).


čhoót

From Sanskrit *स्त्यातदुग्ध (styātadugdha, “coagulated milk”).

inh

*स्त्यातदुग्ध


čhub bhíi

head

čhub bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چُھب بھی)


angúṛi

angúṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُڑیۡ)

انگُڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṛi (nominative singular)
angúṛim (nominative plural)
angúṛi (oblique singular)
angúṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅguri)
Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli)
Phalura angúṛi
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli, “finger”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


daádu

head

daádu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دادوۡ)


čhaál

From Sanskrit छगल (chagala, “goat (masc)”).


čóoḍ díi

čóoḍ díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چوڈ دی)


bambá

بمبہ (Perso-Arabic)
bambá (nominative singular)
bambeé (nominative plural)
bambá (oblique singular)
bambeém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos)bor.
Latin bombusder.
Italian bombabor.
Portuguese bombabor.
Urdu بَمْبَہ (bamba)bor.
Phalura bambá
Borrowed from Urdu بَمْبَہ (bamba).


čoór

From Sanskrit चोर (cora, “thief (masc)”).


číta

head

číta (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چِتہ)


čoolaá bhíi

čoolaá bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling چولا بھی)


c̣hoók

Choke (ancestor of the people of Ashret)


čúkru

From Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sour, sharp to the taste”).


čúur bhišá

head

čúur bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling چُور بِھشہ)


bharíiw

bharíiw m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھرِیوۡ)

بھرِیوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bharíiw (nominative singular)
bharíiwa (nominative plural)
bharíiwa (oblique singular)
bharíiwam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *भारियाप (bhāriyāpa, “husband”), from भार्या (bhāryā, “wife”) + प (pa, “protector”).


čukíi

head

čukíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُکی)

From Sanskrit चुक्कयति (cukkayati, “inflicts or suffers pain”).


c̣hiikíi

head

c̣hiikíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیکی)


čúṇu

From Sanskrit चूर्ण (cūrṇa, “*pulverized (minute)”).


c̣iinkíi

head

c̣iinkíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِینکی)

to twitter (esp. the sound made by birds), squawk


bidráagu

bidráagu (feminine bidréegi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِدراگوۡ)

bidréegi (feminine)
بِدراگوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit *विधर्ग (vidharga, “without movement”), from ध्रज् (dhraj, “to move”). Cognate with Kalami [script needed] (bilɔg).


bhraawéeli

head

bhraawéeli f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراویلیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Phalura -wéeli
Phalura bhraawéeli
From bhróo + -wéeli.


čiíz

From Urdu چیز (cīz), from Persian [Term?].


c̣hatróol

head

c̣hatróol m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھترول)

Chitral (the district or the administrative centre of the district)


čúur

From Sanskrit चतुरः (caturaḥ, “four (masc.acc.pl.)”).


bíiḍu

head

bíiḍu (feminine bíiḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِیڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit विवृद्ध (vivṛddha, “grown, large”).


daíǰa

head

daíǰa (transitive, passive, Perso-Arabic spelling دئجہ)


búḍa

búḍa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڈہ)


búḍa

بُڈہ (Perso-Arabic)
búḍa (nominative singular)
búḍam (nominative plural)
búḍa (oblique singular)
búḍam (oblique plural)


bheéṇ

بھیݨ (Perso-Arabic)
bheéṇ (nominative singular)
bheeṇí (nominative plural)
bheeṇí (oblique singular)
bheeṇíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Inherited from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī, “sister”).


čhay

From Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “shade, shadow, reflection; complexion; beauty (f)”).


bhooríi

head

bhooríi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling بھوری)


baastaár

baastaár f (Perso-Arabic spelling باستار)

باستار (Perso-Arabic)
baastaár (nominative singular)
baastaarí (nominative plural)
baastaarí (oblique singular)
baastaaríim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Classical Persian بِسْتَر (bistar)bor.
Urdu بِسْتَر (bistar)bor.
Phalura baastaár
Borrowed from Urdu بِسْتَر (bistar).

etymon

ur>بِسْتَر>bed


čúla

head

čúla (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling چُلہ)

From Sanskrit *चुल् (cul, “fidget, itch”).


aqalmánd

aqalmánd (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling عقل مند)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَقَلَ (ʕaqala)
Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql)bor.
Classical Persian عَقْل (aql)bor.
Urdu عَقْل ('aql)
Urdu مَنْد (mand)
Urdu عَقْلْمَنْد ('aqlmand)bor.
Phalura aqalmánd
Borrowed from Urdu عَقْلْمَنْد ('aqlmand).


bháaru

بھاروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bháaru (nominative singular)
bháara (nominative plural)
bháara (oblique singular)
bháaram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Sanskrit भार (bhāra)
Phalura bháaru
Inherited from Sanskrit भार (bhāra).


čímar

From Sanskrit †चीमर (†cīmara, “copper”).


daáǰa

head

daáǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling داجہ)

From Sanskrit दह्यते (dahyate, “is burnt”).


daawát díi

daawát díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling دعوت دی)


beewafaaí

beewafaaí f (Perso-Arabic spelling بے وفائیۡ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Classical Persian اَبی (abē)
Classical Persian بی (bē)
Classical Persian وَفَا (wafā)
Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā)der.
Phalura beewafaaí
Borrowed from Urdu بے وَفَائِی (be vafāī), ultimately from Classical Persian بیوَفَا (bē-wafā, “disloyal”).


ac̣hibáaṛu

head

ac̣hibáaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling اڇِھباڑوۡ)

اڇِھباڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣hibáaṛu (nominative singular)
ac̣hibáaṛa (nominative plural)
ac̣hibáaṛa (oblique singular)
ac̣hibáaṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū)?
Phalura ac̣hibáaṛu
Compound of ac̣híi (“eye”) + an uncertain element; compare Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū, “eyebrow”) (whence the compound अक्षिभ्रुव (akṣibhruva, “eyes and eyebrows”)).


dháatu

head

dháatu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھاتوۡ)


dharóo

dharóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرو)


dhéeti

dhéeti (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھیتیۡ)


dáaš zára

dáaš zára (Perso-Arabic spelling داش زرہ)


basanpreetsúun

basanpreetsúun m (Perso-Arabic spelling بسنپریڅُون)

بسنپریڅُون (Perso-Arabic)
basanpreetsúun (nominative singular)
basanpreetsúuna (nominative plural)
basanpreetsúuna (oblique singular)
basanpreetsúunam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás
Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta)
Phalura basaánd?
Phalura basanpreetsúun
Compound of basaánd (“spring”) + an uncertain element.

etymon

first month of spring (according to one tradition calendar)


báaṣ

باݜ (Perso-Arabic)
báaṣ (nominative singular)
baṣá (nominative plural)
baṣá (oblique singular)
baṣóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-
Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa)
Phalura báaṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain”). Doublet of béeriṣ (“summer”).


dharíitu

head

dharíitu (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرِیتوۡ)


deédi

deédi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دیدیۡ)


damá thíi

damá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling دمہ تھی)


bhootíi

بھوتی (Perso-Arabic)
bhootíi (nominative singular)
bhootíia (nominative plural)
bhootíia (oblique singular)
bhootíiam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *उपोप्त (upopta, “sown”) or directly from Sanskrit वपति (vapati, “to sow”).


ac̣híi

اڇھی (Perso-Arabic)
ac̣híi (nominative singular)
ac̣híia (nominative plural)
ac̣híia (oblique singular)
ac̣híiam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
Phalura ac̣híi
Inherited from Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi, “eye”). Cognate with Kashmiri أچھ (ạch, “eye”).


daaxíl bhíi

head

daaxíl bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling داخِل بھی)


dháara

dháara (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھارہ)


alaahtaalaá

alaahtaalaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling اللہ تعالیٰ)

Borrowed from Urdu اللہ تعالی (allāh-taˈālā), from Arabic اللهُ تَعَالَى (allāhu taʕālā).

der

اللهُ تَعَالَى

Arabic اللهُ تَعَالَى (allāhu taʕālā)

(Islam) God Almighty (the Exalted One), the Almighty


c̣aṇẓá

ڇنڙہ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣aṇẓá (nominative singular)
c̣aṇẓeé (nominative plural)
c̣aṇẓá (oblique singular)
c̣aṇẓeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Khowar [script needed] (ǰ̣anǰ̣a).


bandubás

head

bandubás f (Perso-Arabic spelling بندوبس)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-der.
Classical Persian بَنْد (band)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.
Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a)
Arabic وَ (wa)bor.
Classical Persian و (u)
Classical Persian بَسْت (bast)
Urdu بَنْدوبَسْت (bandobast)bor.
Phalura bandubás
Borrowed from Urdu بَنْدوبَسْت (bandobast).


c̣hupíi

head

c̣hupíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇُھپی)

From Sanskrit *क्षुप्यते (kṣupyate, “is pressed”).


adráx

ادرخ (Perso-Arabic)
adráx (nominative singular)
adraxí (nominative plural)
adraxí (oblique singular)
adraxíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *ardaxahder.
Khowar اَدْرَخbor.
Phalura adráx
Borrowed from Khowar اَدْرَخ, from Proto-Iranian *ardaxah.

etymon

upper part of hill (not part of anyone's private property)


dáaš bhišá

head

dáaš bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling داش بِھشہ)


baazóor

بازور (Perso-Arabic)
baazóor (nominative singular)
baazóora (nominative plural)
baazóora (oblique singular)
baazóoram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wes-der.
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.
Middle Persian wʾčʾl
Classical Persian بَازَار (bāzār)bor.
Urdu بازار (bāzār)bor.
Phalura baazóor
Borrowed from Urdu بازار (bāzār).


bhraaǰái

head

bhraaǰái f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراجئیۡ)

بھراجئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhraaǰái (nominative singular)
bhraaǰée (nominative plural)
bhraaǰéea (nominative plural)
bhraaǰée (oblique singular)
bhraaǰéea (oblique singular)
bhraaǰéem (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रातुर्जाया (bhrāturjāyā, “brother's wife”).

inh

भ्रातुर्जाया

inh+

भ्रातुर्जाया


dhríṣṭu

head

dhríṣṭu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرِیݜٹوۡ)


deeúli

deeúli f (Perso-Arabic spelling دیوُلیۡ)

Dir (neighbouring district, a former princely state)


angeerí

angeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling انگیریۡ)

انگیریۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angeerí (nominative singular)
angeeriá (nominative plural)
angeerí (oblique singular)
angeerióom (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गार्या (aṅgāryā, “heap of embers”).


dhriikíi

head

dhriikíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرِیکی)


búuḍu

búuḍu (feminine búuḍi, Perso-Arabic spelling بُوڈوۡ)

Inherited from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha, “old”).


bálaf

بلف (Perso-Arabic)
bálaf (nominative singular)
balfí (nominative plural)
balfí (oblique singular)
balfíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós)bor.
Latin bulbusder.
English bulbbor.
Urdu بَلْب (balb)bor.
Phalura bálaf
Borrowed from Urdu بَلْب (balb), borrowed from English bulb, from Latin bulbus, borrowed from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós).


dhraǰóo

head

dhraǰóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرجو)


činaaróom

činaaróom m (Perso-Arabic spelling چِناروم)

Chinarom (a place in lower Ashret Valley)


bartaaniá

bartaaniá m (Perso-Arabic spelling برطانیہ)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Βρεττανία (Brettanía)bor.
Latin Britanniabor.?
Arabic بِرِطَانِيَة (biriṭāniya)bor.
Classical Persian بِرِطَانِیَه (biritāniya)bor.
Urdu بَرْطَانِیَہ (bartāniya)bor.
Phalura bartaaniá
Borrowed from Urdu بَرْطَانِیَہ (bartāniya).

etymon

ur>بَرْطَانِیَہ>Britain

Britain, United Kingdom, UK (a country in Europe)


aawíiṛu

head

aawíiṛu (feminine aawíiṛi, Perso-Arabic spelling آوِیڑوۡ)

aawíiṛi (feminine)
آوِیڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *wer-?
Sanskrit वृ (vṛ)
Sanskrit आवृ (āvṛ)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit आवृत (āvṛta)
Phalura aawíiṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit आवृत (āvṛta, “covered; surrounded”).


číči

From Sanskrit *चुच्चि (cucci, “female breast, nipple”).


dhruusíi

head

dhruusíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرُوسی)


dhrigóokam

dhrigóokam (Perso-Arabic spelling دھرِگوکم)


baṭoošaáṇṭ

baṭoošaáṇṭ f (Perso-Arabic spelling بٹوشانٹ)

بٹوشانٹ (Perso-Arabic)
baṭoošaáṇṭ (nominative singular)
baṭoošaṇṭí (nominative plural)
baṭoošaṇṭí (oblique singular)
baṭoošaṇṭíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Sanskrit *शोट्ठ (śoṭṭha)
Phalura baṭoošaáṇṭ
Compound of báaṭ (“stone”) + Sanskrit *शोट्ठ (śoṭṭha, “stick”).


dawóo

head

dawóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دوو)

From Sanskrit दापयति (dāpayati, “causes to be given”).

inh

to ask for sth, ask (take) sb for marriage


baáɣ

باغ (Perso-Arabic)
baáɣ (nominative singular)
beeɣí (nominative plural)
beeɣí (oblique singular)
beeɣíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *bāgáh
Old Persian *bāgah
Middle Persian bʾg
Classical Persian بَاغ (bāğ)bor.
Urdu باغ (bāġ)bor.
Phalura baáɣ
Borrowed from Urdu باغ (bāġ).


dháama

head

dháama (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھامہ)

From Sanskrit *ध्रात (dhrāta, “satisfied”).

to become full, be satisfied (in eating)


dharándi

dharándi (Perso-Arabic spelling دھرندیۡ)


dhoóṛ tií

dhoóṛ tií (Perso-Arabic spelling دھوڑ تی)


déedi

From Sanskrit *दाद्द (dādda, “father or elderly relative”).


angúṛu

head

angúṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling انگُڑوۡ)

انگُڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
angúṛu (nominative singular)
angúṛa (nominative plural)
angúṛa (oblique singular)
angúṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.
Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅguri)
Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli)
Phalura angúṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli, “finger, toe (fem)”).


darák na bhíi

head

darák na bhíi (intransitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling درک نہ بھی)

to be gone, not appear, not show up, disappear


dhrumanaám

dhrumanaám m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھرُمنام)


darkáambali

darkáambali f (Perso-Arabic spelling درکامبلیۡ)

درکامبلیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
darkáambali (nominative singular)
darkáambalim (nominative plural)
darkáambali (oblique singular)
darkáambalim (oblique plural)


damdaár

damdaár (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling دمدار)

Borrowed from Urdu دَمْدَار (damdār), from Persian دمدار (damdâr).


dhreég díi

dhreég díi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling دھریگ دی)


angóor

انگور (Perso-Arabic)
angóor (nominative singular)
angóora (nominative plural)
angóora (oblique singular)
angóoram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ōl
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras
Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra)
Phalura angóor
Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “glowing charcoal”).


dalái

دلئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
dalái (nominative singular)
dalée (nominative plural)
daléea (nominative plural)
dalée (oblique singular)
daléea (oblique singular)
daléem (oblique plural)

heap of wheat (on field or on house roof)


c̣híiku

head

c̣híiku (feminine c̣híiki, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇِھیکوۡ)

c̣híiki (feminine)
ڇِھیکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


dhuniaá

dhuniaá m (Perso-Arabic spelling دُھنئا)


deec̣hineetí

deec̣hineetí (Perso-Arabic spelling دیڇھِنیتیۡ)


daaxíl

daaxíl (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling داخِل)

Borrowed from Urdu داخل (dāxil), from Arabic دَاخِل (dāḵil).


báaṭ

باٹ (Perso-Arabic)
báaṭ (nominative singular)
baṭá (nominative plural)
baṭá (oblique singular)
baṭóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)der.
Phalura báaṭ
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*vaṭṭa), from Sanskrit *वर्त (varta, “round stone”), ultimately from the root वृत् (vṛt, “to turn”).


béeriṣ

بیرِݜ (Perso-Arabic)
béeriṣ (nominative singular)
béeriṣa (nominative plural)
béeriṣa (oblique singular)
béeriṣam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-
Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa)
Phalura béeriṣ
Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, year”). Doublet of báaṣ (“rain”).


bac̣húuṛi

head

bac̣húuṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling بڇُھوڑیۡ)

بڇُھوڑیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bac̣húuṛi (nominative singular)
bac̣húuṛim (nominative plural)
bac̣húuṛi (oblique singular)
bac̣húuṛim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura bac̣húuṛi
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf; year”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


dhreég

head

dhreég (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling دھریگ)

From Sanskrit दैर्घ (dairgha, “length”).


bhiiroó

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás
Sanskrit वीर (vīra)
Phalura bhiiroó
Inherited from Sanskrit वीर (vīra, “man, hero, son; male of an animal”). Doublet of bhíiru (“he-goat”).


dhoóṛ

From Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “night, night personified (fem)”).


booɣlá

بوغلہ (Perso-Arabic)
booɣlá (nominative singular)
booɣleé (nominative plural)
booɣlá (oblique singular)
booɣleém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ)bor.
Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa')der.?
Phalura booɣlá
Possibly from Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa'), borrowed from Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ).


dhrúu~ṣ

head

dhrúu~ṣ m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھرُونّݜ)

sub-district (tehsil) centre for the area where Palula is spoken


dhóo

dhóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھو)

From Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “washes”).


dhoíi

dhoíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھوۡئی)

From Sanskrit दोहयति (dohayati, “causes to be milked or to give milk”).


dhrakíi

head

dhrakíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرکی)


c̣húuṇc̣u

c̣húuṇc̣u (feminine c̣húuṇc̣i, Perso-Arabic spelling ڇُھونڇوۡ)

c̣húuṇc̣i (feminine)
ڇُھونڇوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

From Sanskrit *सूङ्क्ष (sūṅkṣa, “straight”), probably from सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma).


daarulxilaafá

daarulxilaafá m (Perso-Arabic spelling دارُلخِلافہ)

دارُلخِلافہ (Perso-Arabic)
daarulxilaafá (nominative singular)
daarulxilaafeé (nominative plural)
daarulxilaafá (oblique singular)
daarulxilaafeém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Urdu دارالخلافت (dārul-xilāfat), from Arabic.


dheedíi

دھیدی (Perso-Arabic)
dheedíi (nominative singular)
dheedíia (nominative plural)
dheedíia (oblique singular)
dheedíiam (oblique plural)


díi dhúura

head

díi dhúura (Perso-Arabic spelling دی دُھورہ)


dhuyáama

dhuyáama (Perso-Arabic spelling دُھیامہ)


díi maxadúši

díi maxadúši (Perso-Arabic spelling دی مخدُشیۡ)


dhueé

dhueé (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling دُھوے)


dhúura

From Sanskrit दूर (dūra, “distant; distance (neut)”).


díṛi

she-goat (kept in the house and not sent to the pastures)


bheénš

بھینش (Perso-Arabic)
bheénš (nominative singular)
bheenšá (nominative plural)
bheenšá (oblique singular)
bheenšóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás
Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśa)der.
Phalura bheénš
Inherited from Sanskrit वंश्य (vaṃśya, “crossbeam”), from वंश (vaṃśa, “bamboo”).


dhraáǰa

head

dhraáǰa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دھراجہ)

From Sanskrit †*द्राह्यते (†drāhyate, “is stretched out”).

inh

to be stretched out, grow tall, grow long


bhióoṇ

بِھیوݨ (Perso-Arabic)
bhióoṇ (nominative singular)
bhióoṇa (nominative plural)
bhióoṇa (oblique singular)
bhióoṇam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वेत (veta)
Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa)
Phalura bhióoṇ
Compound of Sanskrit वेत (veta, “cane; reed; willow (in descendants)”) + Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa, “stick”). Turner says the second component of the compound is uncertain.


dáand

From Sanskrit दन्त (danta, “tooth (masc)”).


dáand

From Sanskrit धनु (dhanu, “dry land (fem); desert (masc)”).


bardaáš

برداش (Perso-Arabic)
bardaáš (nominative singular)
bardeeší (nominative plural)
bardeeší (oblique singular)
bardeešíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm)
Persian بر
Proto-Indo-European *dʰoréyeti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰāráyati
Proto-Iranian *dāráyati
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y)
Persian داشتن
Persian برداشتن
Classical Persian بَرْدَاشْت (bardāšt)bor.
Urdu بَرْدَاشْت (bardāśt)bor.
Phalura bardaáš
Borrowed from Urdu بَرْدَاشْت (bardāśt).


biaabaán

head

biaabaán f (Perso-Arabic spelling بِیابان)

بِیابان (Perso-Arabic)
biaabaán (nominative singular)
biaabeení (nominative plural)
biaabeení (oblique singular)
biaabeeníim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian wydʾpʾn
Classical Persian بِیَابَان (biyābān)der.
Phalura biaabaán
Borrowed from Urdu بِیَابَان (biyābān), from Classical Persian بِیَابَان (biyābān).


béeǰi

بیجیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
béeǰi (nominative singular)
béeǰim (nominative plural)
béeǰi (oblique singular)
béeǰim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Sanskrit द्वि (dvi)
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura béeǰi
From Sanskrit द्वि (dvi, “two”) + Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf, yearling”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-).


dhiaáṛ

دِھئاڑ (Perso-Arabic)
dhiaáṛ (nominative singular)
dhieeṛí (nominative plural)
dhieeṛí (oblique singular)
dhieeṛíim (oblique plural)

Unknown. Compare dheeróoṇ (“refuse dump”).


daawá thíi

head

daawá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling داوہ تھی)


dhuimeém

dhuimeém (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling دُھئمیم)


dac̣híi

dac̣híi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دڇھی)

From Sanskrit *दृक्षति (dṛkṣati), *द्रक्षति (drakṣati, “sees”).


dhooṛúku

dhooṛúku (feminine dhooṛúki, Perso-Arabic spelling دھوڑُکوۡ)

dhooṛúki (feminine)
دھوڑُکوۡ (Perso-Arabic)


dúši

dúši (دُشیۡ)


dítu

dítu (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دِتوۡ)


dhéeni

دھینیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
dhéeni (nominative singular)
dhéenim (nominative plural)
dhéeni (oblique singular)
dhéenim (oblique plural)


baát

بات (Perso-Arabic)
baát (nominative singular)
beetí (nominative plural)
beetí (oblique singular)
beetíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit वृत्ति (vṛtti)
Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā)
Phalura baát
Inherited from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “livelihood, business; tidings”).

etymon

sa>वार्त्ता>news


bhoóy

بھوئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhoóy (nominative singular)
bhooyím (nominative plural)
bhooyí (oblique singular)
bhooyím (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वधू (vadhū)
Phalura bhoóy
Inherited from Sanskrit वधू (vadhū, “bride, young wife; son”).


díi muṣṭú

head

díi muṣṭú (Perso-Arabic spelling دی مُݜٹوۡ)


durbaáṭ

durbaáṭ f (Perso-Arabic spelling دُرباٹ)


duaá thíi

duaá thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling دعا تھی)


duṣmaní

duṣmaní f (Perso-Arabic spelling دُݜمنیۡ)


c̣híik

ڇِھیک (Perso-Arabic)
c̣híik (nominative singular)
c̣híika (nominative plural)
c̣híika (oblique singular)
c̣híikam (oblique plural)

Unknown. Compare Romani čik (“mud”), Hindi चीक (cīk, “mud”), from Prakrit *𑀘𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cikka).


deerá

دیرہ (Perso-Arabic)
deerá (nominative singular)
deereé (nominative plural)
deerá (oblique singular)
deereém (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Pashto دیره (dera, “tent, dwelling”).


dhuúr thíi

head

dhuúr thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling دُھور تھی)


bhíiru

bhíiru m (Perso-Arabic spelling بِھیروۡ)

بِھیروۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bhíiru (nominative singular)
bhíira (nominative plural)
bhíira (oblique singular)
bhíiram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás
Sanskrit वीर (vīra)
Phalura bhíiru
Inherited from Sanskrit वीर (vīra, “man, hero, son; male of an animal”). Doublet of bhiiroó (“male”).


bããílu

head

bããílu (feminine bããíli, Perso-Arabic spelling بانّئِلوۡ)

bããíli (feminine)
بانّئِلوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Perhaps from Sanskrit वन्य (vanya, “of the woods”) + -íil + -u. Compare Jaunsari बान (bān, “oak”).


dukíi

head

dukíi (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling دُکی)

to twist, spin (fluff up wool in mattresses, etc.)


ḍángarik

ḍángarik (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈنگرِک)

Palulo (a designation used mainly by non-Palulo people


bheeṇipútr

bheeṇipútr m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیݨیۡ پُتر)

بھیݨیۡ پُتر (Perso-Arabic)
bheeṇipútr (nominative singular)
bheeṇiputrá (nominative plural)
bheeṇiputrá (oblique singular)
bheeṇiputróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Phalura bheeṇipútr
Compound of bheéṇ (“sister”) + putr (“son”).


dúbhišee áaṣṭ

head

dúbhišee áaṣṭ (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے آݜٹ)


dúbhišee bóoš

dúbhišee bóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے بوش)


ḍheerdáṛ

ḍheerdáṛ f (Perso-Arabic spelling دھیردڑ)


dúbhišee akóoš

دُبِھشے اکوش

dúbhišee akóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے اکوش)


díir

From Sanskrit देवर, देवर (devara, devara, “husband”).


čhéeli

From Sanskrit छगलिका (chagalikā, “goat (fem. der.)”).


dúbhišee čúur

head

دُبِھشے چُور

dúbhišee čúur (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے چُور)


ḍibisóo

ḍibisóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِبِسو)


dáar

دار (Perso-Arabic)
dáar (nominative singular)
dará (nominative plural)
dará (oblique singular)
daróom (oblique plural)


ḍhíiku

ḍhíiku m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِھیکوۡ)


dúbhišee čandíiš

دُبِھشے چندِیش

dúbhišee čandíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے چندِیش)


dhamareét

dhamareét m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھمریت)


dúbhišee dáaš

dúbhišee dáaš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے داش)


ḍibísa

ḍibísa (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِبِسہ)

to bump, collide, knock against (one another)


-éel

Perfective suffix (with a-ending L-verbs followed by a feminine agreement suffix)


dúbhišee dúu

dúbhišee dúu (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے دُو)


ḍilá

ḍilá (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِلہ)


dúbhišee aṇabhiíš

دُبِھشے اݨبِھش

dúbhišee aṇabhiíš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے اݨبِھش)


díiš

From Sanskrit देšअ (deša, “point, region, part; province, country (masc)”).


dóodu

From Sanskrit *दाद्द (dādda, “father or other elderly relative”).


dúbhišee ṣo

head

dúbhišee ṣo (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے ݜوۡ)


dúbhišee tróo

dúbhišee tróo (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے ترو)


dúbhišee sáat

dúbhišee sáat (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے سات)


dúbhišee panǰíiš

دُبِھشے پنجِیش

dúbhišee panǰíiš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے پنجِیش)


baalbáč

بالبچ (Perso-Arabic)
baalbáč (nominative singular)
baalbačí (nominative plural)
baalbačí (oblique singular)
baalbačíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बाल (bāla)bor.
Urdu بَال (bāl)
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Proto-Iranian *wacáh
Classical Persian بَچَّه (bačča)bor.
Urdu بَچَّہ (bacca)
Urdu بَال بَچّے (bāl bacce)bor.
Phalura baalbáč
Borrowed from Urdu بَال بَچّے (bāl bacce).


dúu zára

head

dúu zára (Perso-Arabic spelling دُو زرہ)


dušambá

dušambá m (Perso-Arabic spelling دُشمبہ)


buc̣hóolu

buc̣hóolu (feminine buc̣héeli, Perso-Arabic spelling بُڇھولوۡ)

buc̣héeli (feminine)
بُڇھولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit *बुभुक्षक (bubhukṣaka, “desiring to eat”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-ulla-) + -𑀓- (-ka-), a back-formation from बुभुक्षति (bubhukṣati, “to desire to eat”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


bakaraál

head

bakaraál m (Perso-Arabic spelling بکرال)

بکرال (Perso-Arabic)
bakaraál (nominative singular)
bakaraalaán (nominative plural)
bakaraalá (nominative plural)
bakaraalá (oblique singular)
bakaraaloóm (oblique plural)
bakaraalaanoóm (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)?
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Sanskrit पार (pāra)?
Sanskrit पाल (pāla)
Phalura bakaraál
From Sanskrit बर्कर (barkara) + पाल (pāla).


ḍirniká

head

ḍirniká m (Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِر نِکہ)


c̣héeṇi

c̣héeṇi f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھیݨیۡ)

ڇھیݨیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣héeṇi (nominative singular)
c̣héeṇim (nominative plural)
c̣héeṇi (oblique singular)
c̣héeṇim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *क्षाणित (kṣāṇita)
Phalura c̣hóoṇ
Phalura -i
Phalura c̣héeṇi
From c̣hóoṇ + -i.


bhus

بُھس (Perso-Arabic)
bhús (nominative singular)
bhúsa (nominative plural)
bhúsa (oblique singular)
bhúsam (oblique plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, any rubbish”).

inh+

(agriculture) straw (dried stalk of a cereal plant)


ḍhangíǰa

head

ḍhangíǰa (transitive, passive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈھنگِجہ)


baaugáaṛu

baaugáaṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling باؤگاڑوۡ)

باؤگاڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
baaugáaṛu (nominative singular)
baaugáaṛa (nominative plural)
baaugáaṛa (oblique singular)
baaugáaṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš
Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu)
Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-
Sanskrit गाह् (gāh)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit गाढ (gāḍha)
Phalura gáaḍu
Phalura baaugáaṛu
Compound of Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu, “arm”) + gáaḍu (“thick, large”), i.e. "thick part of the arm".


dúu bhišá

head

dúu bhišá (Perso-Arabic spelling دُو بِھشہ)


dukaandaár

dukaandaár m (Perso-Arabic spelling دُکاندار)


bóolu

بولوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bóolu (nominative singular)
bóola (nominative plural)
bóola (oblique singular)
bóolam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit वाल (vāla)
Phalura bóolu
Inherited from Sanskrit वाल (vāla, “hair of tail, tail, hair”).


dúbhišee áak

head

dúbhišee áak (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے آک)


dáwur

From Urdu دور (daur), from Arabic دَوْر (dawr).


dúbhišee páanǰ

دُبِھشے پانج

dúbhišee páanǰ (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے پانج)


ḍháaka

ḍháaka (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈھاکہ)


doóst

From Urdu دوست (dost), from Persian [Term?].


batshaár

batshaár m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڅھار)

بڅھار (Perso-Arabic)
batshaár (nominative singular)
batshaára (nominative plural)
batshaára (oblique singular)
batshaáram (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Sanskrit -तर (-tara)
Sanskrit वत्सतर (vatsatara)
Phalura batshaár
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्सतर (vatsatara, “young bull or goat before weaning or copulation”).

inh+

calf that can plough but is not yet full-grown (2-4 years old)


dúu thiáaḍa

head

dúu thiáaḍa (Perso-Arabic spelling دُو تِھیاڈہ)


duṣmaán

duṣmaán m (Perso-Arabic spelling دُݜمان)

From Pashto [script needed] (duxman), from Persian [Term?].


ḍuḍúra

ḍuḍúra (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈُڈُرہ)


-eém

Oblique plural suffix (with ee-declension nouns)


ḍaaká díi

ḍaaká díi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈاکہ دی)


ḍang

ḍang (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈنگ)


-éem

Oblique plural suffix (with ai-ending a-declension nouns)


díi ɣéer

From Persian [script needed] (ba-ɣair), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).


bhit

بِھت (Perso-Arabic)
bhít (nominative singular)
bhíta (nominative plural)
bhíta (oblique singular)
bhítam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *bʰidtós
Sanskrit भित्त (bhitta)
Phalura bhit
Inherited from Sanskrit भित्त (bhitta, “split timber; fragment; wall”).


ḍábal

head

ḍábal (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈبل)

From Urdu ڈبل (ḍabal), from English double.


dukaán

From Urdu دکان (dukān), from Persian [Term?].


dúbhišee satóoš

دُبِھشے ستوش

dúbhišee satóoš (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے ستوش)

fifty-seven (two twenties and seventeen)


-éend

Present tense suffix (with a closed class of (motion) verbs followed by feminine agreement suffix)


ḍaaká

bor

Urdu ڈاکا (ḍākā)


-éen

present tense suffix (when followed by feminine agreement suffix)


dúṛi

From Sanskrit *धूडि, धूलि (dhūḍi, dhūli, “dust, powder; pollen, fog, mist”).


dúbhišee núu

head

dúbhišee núu (Perso-Arabic spelling دُبِھشے نُو)


dúu sáwa

dúu sáwa (Perso-Arabic spelling دُو سوہ)


duaá

From Urdu دعا (du'ā), from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ).


ḍaakú

bor

Urdu ڈاکو (ḍākū)


buc̣h

بُڇھ (Perso-Arabic)
búc̣h (nominative singular)
buc̣há (nominative plural)
buc̣há (oblique singular)
buc̣hóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-der.
Sanskrit बुभुक्षति (bubhukṣati)
Sanskrit बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā)
Phalura buc̣h
Inherited from Sanskrit बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā, “desire to eat, hunger”).


dheeṛúm

head

dheeṛúm m (Perso-Arabic spelling دھیڑُم)

دھیڑُم (Perso-Arabic)
dheeṛúm (nominative singular)
dheeṛumá (nominative plural)
dheeṛumá (oblique singular)
dheeṛumóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima)
Phalura dheeṛúm
Inherited from Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima).

etymon

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


ḍilá thíi

head

ḍilá thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِلہ تھی)


ahám

ahám (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling اھم)

Etymology tree
Arabic ه م م (h m m)
Arabic هَمَّ (hamma)
Arabic هَامّ (hāmm)
Arabic أَهَمّ (ʔahamm)der.
Urdu اَہَم (aham)bor.
Phalura ahám
Borrowed from Urdu اہم (aham), from Arabic أَهَمّ (ʔahamm).


ḍóo thíi

head

ḍóo thíi (transitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈو تھی)


ḍipṭí thíi

ḍipṭí thíi (transitive, conjunct-non-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈِپٹیۡ تھی)


eeṛaním

eeṛaním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑنِم)


diwiší

diwiší m (Perso-Arabic spelling دِوِشیۡ)

دِوِشیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
diwiší (nominative singular)
diwišiá (nominative plural)
diwiší (oblique singular)
diwišióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura dúu
Phalura diwiší
Uncertain; the first morpheme is presumably dúu (“two”).


bac̣húuṛu

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bac̣húuṛu m (Perso-Arabic spelling بڇُھوڑوۡ)

بڇُھوڑوۡ (Perso-Arabic)
bac̣húuṛu (nominative singular)
bac̣húuṛa (nominative plural)
bac̣húuṛa (oblique singular)
bac̣húuṛam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Phalura bac̣húuṛu
Inherited from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf, child”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Khowar بݯھوڑ, Kashmiri وۆژھ (voċh, “calf”).


eeṛanaám

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eeṛanaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑنام)


eetaníi

eetaníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتنی)


bistíiṇu

bistíiṇu (feminine bistíiṇi, Perso-Arabic spelling بِستِیݨوۡ)

bistíiṇi (feminine)
بِستِیݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit विस्तीर्ण (vistīrṇa, “spread out, extensive”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).


eeṛaníi

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eeṛaníi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑنی)


eetás

eetás (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتس)


ḍhangóo

ḍhangóo (transitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈھنگو)


eeṛasíi

eeṛasíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑسی)


ḍhoór

From Sanskrit धर (dhara, “holding, supporting”).


ḍhoó díi

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ḍhoó díi (intransitive, conjunct-incorporating, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈھو دی)


ḍhroonkíi

ḍhroonkíi (intransitive, Perso-Arabic spelling ڈھرونکی)

From Sanskrit *डुक्कर् (ḍukkar, “bellow”).


eetaním

eetaním (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتنِم)


eetasíi

eetasíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتسی)


ḍaakṭár

From Urdu ڈاکٹر (ḍākṭar), from English doctor.


deec̣híṇu

deec̣híṇu (feminine deec̣híṇi, Perso-Arabic spelling دیڇِھݨوۡ)

deec̣híṇi (feminine)
دیڇِھݨوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa, “right (hand); southern”).


eenú

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eenú (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling اینوۡ)


daawá

داوہ (Perso-Arabic)
daawá (nominative singular)
daaweé (nominative plural)
daawá (oblique singular)
daaweém (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Classical Persian دَعْویٰ (da'wā)bor.
Urdu دَعْویٰ (da'vā)bor.
Phalura daawá
Borrowed from Urdu دَعْویٰ (da'vā).


-éeṭ

Suffix added to verb stem to form agentive verbal noun (when followed by feminine agreement suffix)


bheeṇdhií

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bheeṇdhií f (Perso-Arabic spelling بھیݨ دھی)

بھیݨ دھی (Perso-Arabic)
bheeṇdhií (nominative singular)
bheeṇdhiiá (nominative plural)
bheeṇdhiiá (oblique singular)
bheeṇdhiióom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī)
Phalura bheéṇ
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Phalura dhií
Phalura bheeṇdhií
Compound of bheéṇ (“sister”) + dhií (“daughter”).


eetíi

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eetíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتی)


dukaandeerí

dukaandeerí f (Perso-Arabic spelling دُکاندیریۡ)


duniaá

From Urdu دُنِیَا (duniyā), from Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).


eetanaám

eetanaám (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایتنام)


ḍóok

From Sanskrit *ढाक्क (ḍhākka, “back, waist”).


eetheél tií

eetheél tií (Perso-Arabic spelling ایتھیل تی)


c̣hiirgúlum

c̣hiirgúlum f (Perso-Arabic spelling ڇھِیرگُلُم)

ڇھِیرگُلُم (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hiirgúlum (nominative singular)
c̣hiirgúluma (nominative plural)
c̣hiirgúluma (oblique singular)
c̣hiirgúlumam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
Phalura c̣hiír
Phalura c̣hiirgúlum
Compound of c̣hiír (“milk”) + an uncertain element.


bhraapútr

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bhraapútr m (Perso-Arabic spelling بھراپُتر)

بھراپُتر (Perso-Arabic)
bhraapútr (nominative singular)
bhraaputrá (nominative plural)
bhraaputrá (oblique singular)
bhraaputróom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā
Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ)
Phalura bhróo
Proto-Indo-European *putlós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás
Sanskrit पुत्र (putra)
Phalura putr
Phalura bhraapútr
Compound of bhróo (“brother”) + putr (“son”).


ḍáag

ڈاگ (Perso-Arabic)
ḍáag (nominative singular)
ḍagá (nominative plural)
ḍagá (oblique singular)
ḍagóom (oblique plural)


darǰám

درجم (Perso-Arabic)
darǰám (nominative singular)
darǰamá (nominative plural)
darǰamá (oblique singular)
darǰamóom (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Phalura dáar?
Phalura darǰám
Compound of dáar (“door”) + an uncertain element.


haalhawaál

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haalhawaál f (Perso-Arabic spelling حال حوال)


eendáa

eendáa (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling ایندا)


dandoór

دندور (Perso-Arabic)
dandoór (nominative singular)
dandoorá (nominative plural)
dandoorá (oblique singular)
dandooróom (oblique plural)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Sanskrit दन्तुर (danturá, “having projecting teeth”), from दन्त (dantá, “tooth”). Cognate with Shina [script needed] (dandur, “sort of harrow”).


c̣hoy

ڇھوئیۡ (Perso-Arabic)
c̣hóy (nominative singular)
c̣hoyí (nominative plural)
c̣hoyí (oblique singular)
c̣hoyíim (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kes-
Proto-Indo-European *ksew-?
Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-der.
Phalura c̣hoy
From Sanskrit क्षोदित (kṣodita, “crushed; anything ground, dust, meal”), from क्षुद् (kṣud, “to crush”) + -इत (-ita), from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to crush”).


daarú

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Proto-Iranian *dā́ru
Proto-Iranian *-kah
Proto-Iranian *dā́rukah?
Classical Persian دَارُو (dārū)bor.
Urdu دَارُو (dārū)bor.
Phalura daarú
Borrowed from Urdu دَارُو (dārū).


eeṛíi

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eeṛíi (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایڑی)


eetríli tií

eetríli tií (Perso-Arabic spelling ایترِلیۡ تی)


eesó

eesó (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling ایسوۡ)


bráam

برام (Perso-Arabic)
bráam (nominative singular)
bráama (nominative plural)
bráama (oblique singular)
bráamam (oblique plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mer-
Sanskrit मर्मन् (marman)
Phalura bráam
Inherited from Sanskrit मर्मन् (marman, “vulnerable spot, vital organ; secret; limb, joint”). Cognate with Dameli مرَم (mram, “joint”).


dhrígu

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dhrígu (feminine dhrígi, Perso-Arabic spelling دھرِگوۡ)

dhrígi (feminine)
دھرِگوۡ (Perso-Arabic)

Inherited from Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long, tall, deep”).