محل

مَحَلّ (canonical)
mahall (romanization)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਹਿਲ (mahil)

Shahmukhi script: محل (mahal)

→ Urdu: مَحَل (mahal)

مَحَلِّ کار

محل تصادف ― mahall-e tasâdof ― location of the accident

در محل قهر این رحمت ز چیست
اژدها را دستدادن راه کیست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3786:

Wherefore this mercy in the place of vengeance?
Whose way is it to give the hand to a dragon?”

dar mahall-i qahr īn rahmat za čīst
 aždahā rā dast-dādan rāh kīst


سامانه خورشیدی

head

سامانه خورشیدی

سامانه خورشیدی • (sâmâne-ye xoršidi)

fa-proper noun

سامانه خورشیدی

سامانه خورشیدی • (sâmâne-ye xoršidi)


غزال

head

غزال • (ğazâl)

fa-noun

غزال • (ğazâl)

→ Gujarati: ઘઝાલ (ghajhāl)


تهدید

head

تَهدید • (tahdid) (plural تَهدیدات (tahdidât) or تَهدیدها (tahdid-hâ))

تَهدید (canonical)
tahdid (romanization)
تَهدیدات (plural)
تَهدیدها (plural)

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.d̪íd̪̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.d̪íːd̪̥]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic تَهْدِيد (tahdīd, “threat”).

bor+

بشکند ناموس صد لشکر به یک تهدید او
بگسلد پیمان صد دشمن به یک پیغام او

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 423”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

He shatters the manliness of a hundred armies with one threat,
He dissolves the oaths of a hundred enemies with one message.

bišikanad nāmūs-i sad laškar ba yak tahdīd-i ō
bigusilad paymān-i sad dušman ba yak payğām-i ō

از تو تهدید و وعیدی میرسید
مجرمان را از عذاب بس شدید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 2465:

There was coming from thee to sinners a threat and menace of punishment exceedingly severe.

az tu tahdīd u wa'īdē mē-rasīd
mujrimān rā az azāb-i bas šadīd


دیوناگری

head

دیوناگری • (dêvanâgari)

fa-noun

دیوناگری • (dêvanâgari)

[d̪eː.wä.nɑː.ɡä.ɾíː]

[d̪eː.wä.nɑː.ɡä.ɾíː]

[d̪eː.wä.nɑː.ɡä.ɾíː]

[d̪iː.væ.nɒː.ɡʲæ.ɹíː]

دیواناگری دیواناگری#Persian

Alternative spelling of دیواناگری (dêvânâgarī)


مساحت

head

مَساحَت • (masâhat)

fa-noun

مَساحَت • (masâhat)

مَساحَت (canonical)
masâhat (romanization)

مَساحَتِ ایران چِقَدْر اَسْت؟

مَساحَتِ ایران ۱۶۴٬۸۱۹ (یِک مِلْیون و شِشْصَد و چِهِل و هَشْت هِزار و صَد و نَوَد و پَنْج) کیلومِتْرِ مُرَبَّع اَسْت.

The area of Iran is 164,819 (one million, six hundred and forty-eight thousand, one hundred and ninety-five) square kilometers.


چربی

head

چربی • (čarbi)

fa-noun

چربی • (čarbi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चरबी (carbī)

Urdu: چربی (carbī)

→ Kannada: ಚರ್ಬಿ (carbi)

→ Assamese: চৰ্বি (sorbi)

→ Bengali: চর্বি (corbi)

→ Odia: ଚର୍ବି (carbi)

→ Marathi: चरबी (carbī)

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰæɹ.bíː]

From چرب (čarb), see there for further information.

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بِهَر کار چربی بباید نَخُست / نباید از آغاز پِیکار جُست
be har kâr čarbi bebayad naxost / nabâyad az âqâz peykâr jost

Gentleness is to be adopted in all affairs at first, / one should not seek bellicosity right at the beginning!


المزده

From الم (alam, “pain”) + زده (zade, “struck”).


لرزان

fa-adj

لرزان • (larzân)

Turkish: lerzan / lerzân (obsolete)


بخاطر

[bä.xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́.ɾɪ]

[bä.xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́.ɾɪ]

[bä.xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́.ɾɪ]

for the sake of, because of, by virtue of


پگاه

pegâh (romanization)
pagâh (romanization)

بر نشستی اشترم را از پگاه
جو رها کردم کم از اخراج کاه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 673:

You have ridden on my camel since early morning:
I (will) let the barley go, (but I will not take) less than the cost of (some) straw.”

bar nišastī ušturam-rā az pagāh
jaw rahā kardam kam az axrāj-i kāh


پگاه

head

پگاه • (pegâh)

fa-proper noun

پگاه • (pegâh)


شعله

head

شعله • (šo'le) (plural شعلهها (šo'le-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शोला (śolā)

Urdu: شُعْلَہ (śu'la)

هر شب همی درخشد در گلستان
چون شعلههای آذر گلهای نار

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 44”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

Every night in the rose garden, the coquettish roses would gleam like blazes of fire.

har šab hamē diraxšad dar gulistān
čūn šu'la-hā-yi āḏar gul-hā-yi nāz


شعله

شعله • (šo'le)

fa-proper noun

شعله • (šo'le)

a female given name, Shoele or Shole, from Arabic


چشم براه

fa-adj

چشم براه • (češom-berâh)


تندپز

head

تندپز • (tondpaz) (plural تندپزها (tondpaz-hâ))


آستانه

آستانه • (âstâne) (plural آستانهها (âstâne-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: astana

→ Khalaj: astana

→ Gujarati: અસ્તાના (astānā)

→ Kazakh: астана (astana)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: آستانه (astane, asitane)

→ Uzbek: ostona

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːs.t̪ʰɒː.né]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾstʾnk' /āstānag/). By surface analysis, آستان (âstân) + ـه (-e).

surf

در آستانه تحولات


آستانه

head

آستانه • (âstâne)

fa-proper noun

آستانه • (âstâne)

desctree

→ Kazakh: Астана (Astana)
→ Russian: Астана́ f (Astaná)
→ Armenian: Աստանա (Astana)

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːs.t̪ʰɒː.né]

Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh
Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh#English

Astaneh (the capital city of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran); in full, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh

Astaneh (a city in the Central District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran)


کنجکاو

fa-adj

کنجکاو • (konjkâv) (comparative کنجکاوتَر (konjkâv-tar), superlative کنجکاوتَرین (konjkâv-tarin))

konjkâv (romanization)
کنجکاوتَر (comparative)
کنجکاوتَرین (superlative)


والی

head

والی • (vâli)

fa-noun

والی • (vâli)


فروهر

From Middle Persian plwʾhl (frawahr), via its later form frōhr (attested in Pazend as 𐬟𐬭𐬋𐬵𐬀𐬭 (frōhar)).


کوبیده

Past participle of کوبیدن (kôbidan, “to pound, hammer”).

کوفته قهوۀ کوبیده

kufte qahve-ye kubide/kōfta qahwa-yi kōbīda


مرید

stubborn, perverse, unruly, disobedient, obstinate


مرید

disciple, devotee, follower, novice, obsequious follower


قرمه

Inherited from Classical Persian قورمه (qōrma), see there for more.


والا

head

والا • (vâ-ellâ)

Borrowed from Arabic وَإِلَّا (wa-ʾillā). By surface analysis, و (va) + الا (ellâ).


والا

fa-adj

والا • (vâlâ)

Derived from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾl-ytn' /wāl-īdan/, “to grow, to prosper”), whence modern بالیدن (bâlidan, “to grow, to brag”). Doublet of بالا (bâlâ), derived with the same suffix from a different form of the same verb.

der

بنگر بچرخ و کوکبه لشکر نجوم
کانها فروغ گوهر والای مسطفا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 70:

Look at the firmament and the pomp of the astral host,
For they are a light from Muhammad's lofty essence.

bingar ba-čarx u kawkaba-yi laškar-i nujūm
k-ānhā furūğ-i gawhar-i wālā-yi mustafā


باری

head

باری • (bâri)

From Middle Persian ʾpʾryk' (abārīg, “other”) (Manichaean Middle Persian ʾbʾryg (abārīg, “other, remaining”)).


باری

head

باری • (bâri)

fa-proper noun

باری • (bâri)


سیلی

head

سیلی • (sīlī／sili)

fa-noun

سیلی • (sīlī／sili)

→ Georgian: სილა (sila)

→ Turkish: sille

→ Armenian: սիլլա (silla)


دعوت

دَعوَت (canonical)
da'vat (romanization)

→ Gujarati: દાવત (dāvat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दावत (dāvat)

desctree

Urdu: دَعْوَت (dāvat)
→ Telugu: దావత్ (dāvat)
→ Ushojo: دعوت (da'vat)

→ Marwari: दावत (dāvat)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਵਤ (dāvat), ਦਾਅਵਤ (dāavat), ਦਾਹਵਤ (dāhvat)

Shahmukhi script: دَعْوَت (daʻvat)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دَعَوَتَ

Devanagari script: दावत

ما را برای شام دعوت کردند. (more literary)
mâ-râ barâ-ye šâm da'vat kardand.

برای شام دعوتمون کردن. (colloquial)

دعوت دین کن که دعوت واردست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 843:

Call [him] to the [true] religion, for the [command to] call hath come down [from God].


خاطب

head

خاطب • (xâteb)

fa-noun

خاطب • (xâteb)

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɔː.t̪ʰíb̥]

[xɒː.t̪ʰéb̥]


عفو

effacing the vestiges of the house, covering them with dust (wind)


عفو

عفو و غفور ― 'afovv va ğafur ― (God) the pardoner and forgiver


فر

From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /farrah/), from Old Persian *farnāh (“glory”).


فر

(Sistani) sorting the sides of the creek during dredging


فر

From the truncation of French fer à lisser (“curling irons”), after the function.

lang

یک فوتبالیست با موهای فِر

یک فوتبالیست با موهای فِر

موهای برادرم فر است.


آشغال

head

آشغال • (âšğâl) (plural آشغالها (âšğâl-hâ))

desc

→ Georgian: აშხალი (ašxali, “garbage”) — Fereydan

[ʔɒːʃ.ɢɒ́ːl̥]

Seemingly related to Classical Persian آقال (āqāl, “rubbish”), آخال (āxāl, “rubbish”), but not found in classical sources.


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


سقف

سَقف • (saqf) (plural سُقوف (soquf) or سَقفها (saqf-hâ))

سَقف (canonical)
saqf (romanization)
سُقوف (plural)
سَقفها (plural)

چون به خانه مرغ اشتر پا نهاد
خانه ویران گشت و سقف اندر فتاد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 4669:

When the camel set foot in the hen's house, the house was destroyed and the roof fell in.

čon be xâne-ye morğ oštor pâ nehâd
xâne virân gašt o saqf andar fatâd

خانه ی ماهی کوچولو و مادرش پشت سنگ سیاهی بود؛ زیر سقفی از خزه.

1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:

The house of the little fish and his mother was behind a black stone, under a roof of moss.

xâne-ye mâhi-ye kučulu o mâdar-eš pošt-e sang-e siyâhi bud; zir-e saqfi az xaze.


لیکن

Dari: لیکِن (lēkin)

desc

Iranian Persian: لیکِن (liken) (uncommon)

Tajik: лекин (lekin)

→ Azerbaijani: lakin

→ Bengali: লেকিন (lekin)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: لېكىن (lëkin)

Uzbek: lekin

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लेकिन (lekin)

Urdu: لیکِن (lekin)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: لێکن (lêkin)

Northern Kurdish: lêkin, lê

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲੇਕਿਨ (lekin), ਲੇਕਨ (lekan)

Shahmukhi script: لیکن (lekin, lekan)

Borrowed from Arabic لٰكِنْ (lākin, “but”) (with the long vowel shifted by imāla). Compare Classical Persian ایمِنْ (ēmin) and بَلی (balē), from Arabic آمِنْ (ʔāmin) and بَلَى (balā).

bor+

عشق در عالم معنی ست نهالی شاداب
خوش نهالی ست و لیکن ثمرش جز غم نیست

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

The meaning of love in the world is a well-watered sapling;
It is a pretty sapling, but its fruit is naught but grief.

ešq dar âlam ma'ni-st nahâli šâdâb
xoš nahâli-st va likan samr-aš joz ğam nist


سطح

head

سطح • (sath) (plural سطوح (sotuh) or سطحها (sath-hâ))

sath (romanization)
سطوح (plural)
سطحها (plural)

→ Hindi: सतह (satah)

→ Urdu: سطح (satah)

سطح زمین

سطح دریا

چه سطح هستند؟

اگر سطح زبان عربی من پایین باشد، چه باید بکنم؟

If my Arabic level is low, what should I do?

agar sath-e zabân-e arabi-ye man pâyin bâšad, če bâyad bekonam?


فرد

فرد • (fard) (plural افراد (afrâd) or فراد (ferâd))

fard (romanization)
افراد (plural)
فراد (plural)


جلوه

جلوه • (jelve) (plural جلوهها (jelve-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जलवा (jalvā)

Urdu: جلوہ (jalva)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جلوه (cilve)
Turkish: cilve

به گزارش ایرنا ناصر کنعانی ضمن استقبال از پاسخ جنبش حماس به طرح سیاسی ارائه شده برای توقف ماشین نسلکشی رژیم صهیونیستی در نوار غزه، این هوشمندی سیاسی مقاومت را جلوه دیگری از قدرت میدانی آن توصیف کرد.

2024 May 6, “استقبال ایران از پاسخ حماس به طرح سیاسی پایان جنگ علیه غزه”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

According to IRNA's reports, Naser Kanani, in the course of welcoming the Hamas movement's response to the political plan presented to halt the Zionist regime's genocidal machine in the Gaza Strip, described this political acumen from the Resistance as another manifestation of its strength on the field.

be gozâreš-e irnâ nâser-e kan'âni zemn-e esteqbâl az pâsox-e jombeš-e hamâs be tarh-e siyâsi-ye erâ'e šode barâ-ye tavaqqof-e mâšin-e nasl-koši-ye režim-e sahyunisti dar navâr-e ğazze, in hušmandi-ye siyâsi-ye moqâvamat râ jelve-ye digari az qodrat-e meydâni-ye ân towsif kard.

چندان بود کرشمه و نازِ سهیقدان
کآید به جلوه سرو صنوبرخرام ما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 11”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The coyness and coquetry of those straight-standing ones last only so long
Until my cypress comes in splendor with pine-like stride.

čandān buwad kirišma u nāz-i sahī-qaddān
k-āyad ba jilwa sarw-i sanawbarxarām-i mā


آشور

head

آشور • (âšur)

fa-proper noun

آشور • (âšur)


وش

Akin to Old Armenian վուշ (vuš), Mazanderani وش (vaš, “flax”).


وش

Borrowed from a Northwestern Iranian cognate of Persian خوش (xwaš) and thus a doublet of خوش (xwaš); see it for more.

good, excellent, choice, beautiful, fair


خد

Common Misspelling of خود, especially in Afghanistan.


قرا

head

قُرّا • (qorrâ)

قاری قاری#Persian


کرشن

کرِشن • (krešn)

Borrowed from Hindustani کرشن / कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa).

سری کرشن ز جام حسن خود مست، صبا آسا به سوی بن روان شد.

1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

Sri Krishna, intoxicated by the cup of his own beauty, like a breeze began moving towards Ban.

sri krešn ze jâm-e hosn-e xod mast, sabâ-âsâ be suy-e ban ravân šod.


بلا

بَلا (canonical)
balâ (romanization)
بلاها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic بَلَاء (balāʔ, “affliction”).


چرت

head

چرت • (čart)

fa-noun

چرت • (čart)


چرت

head

چرت • (čort)

fa-noun

چرت • (čort)


چرت

head

چرت • (čort)

fa-noun

چرت • (čort)


اسطرلاب

head

اسطرلاب • (usturlāb, asturlāb, isturlāb)

usturlāb (romanization)
asturlāb (romanization)
isturlāb (romanization)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰʊɾ.lɑːb]

Borrowed from Arabic أَسْطُرْلَاب (ʔasṭurlāb), which derives from Ancient Greek ἀστρολάβος (astrolábos).

bor+

أَسْطُرْلَاب

astrolabe, an astronomical and navigational instrument for gauging the altitude of the Sun and stars


خرج

head

خَرْج • (xarj) (plural مَخارِج (maxârej) or خرجها (xarj-hâ))

خَرْج (canonical)
xarj (romanization)
مَخارِج (plural)
خرجها (plural)

برنامه خرج سفر


حمل

حمل و نقل


حمل

(Dari and dated elsewhere) Hamal, the first month of the solar Persian calendar.

(astronomy) Hamal (An orange giant and the brightest star in the constellation Aries)


مرمر

→ Azerbaijani: mərmər

→ Bashkir: мәрмәр (mərmər)

→ Karachay-Balkar: мәрмәр

→ Kazakh: мәрмәр (märmär)

→ Northern Kurdish: mermer

desc

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرمر (mermer)

Turkish: mermer

→ Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਮਰ (marmar)

Shahmukhi script: مرمر (marmar)

→ Tatar: мәрмәр (märmär), märmär

→ Turkmen: mermer

→ Uyghur: مەرمەر (mermer)

→ Uzbek: marmar


مژده

head

مژده • (možde)

fa-noun

مژده • (možde)

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (mwjdg /muždag/, “(good) news, message”), from Proto-Iranian *miždám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *miždʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós. Related to مزد (mozd).

bor+

→ Ottoman Turkish: مژدهTurkish: müjde→ Armenian: միւժտէ


مژده

head

مژده • (možde)

fa-proper noun

مژده • (možde)

a female given name, Mozhdeh, from Parthian


عبارت

head

عبارت • (ebârat) (plural عبارات ('ebârât) or عبارتها (ebârat-hâ))

ebârat (romanization)
عبارات (plural)
عبارتها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इबारत (ibārat)

Urdu: عِبارَت (ibārat)

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

phrase (short written or spoken expression)


تقویم

تَقویم • (taqvim) (plural تَقاویم (taqâvim))

تَقویم (canonical)
taqvim (romanization)
تَقاویم (plural)

[t̪ʰæʁ.víːm]

تقویم شمسی

تقویم در اتاق من است. (more literary)

تقویم تو اتاقمه. (more colloquial)


روباه

روباه • (rubâh) (plural روباهان (rubâhân) or روباهها (rubâh-hâ))

rubâh (romanization)
روباهان (plural)
روباهها (plural)

→ Malay: rubah
Indonesian: rubah

→ Ottoman Turkish: روباه (rubah)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwpʾh /rōbāh/, “fox”), from Old Persian *raupāθah (“fox”), from Proto-Iranian *HrawpaHcáh.

inh

من عمراً به این روباهِ پیر اعتماد نمیکنم!

man omran be in rubâh-e pir e'temâd nemikonam

انگلیس یه روباه حقّهبازه!

See also: کار، کار انگلیسیهاست

(figurative, derogatory) The British Empire, the United Kingdom, or England


انتگرال

head

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

fa-noun

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

[ʔæn̪.t̪ʰeɡʲ.ɹɒ́ːl̥]


بردار

head

بردار • (bardâr)

برداشتن برداشتن#Persian

present stem form of برداشتن (bardâštan)


بردار

بردار • (bordâr)

fa-noun

بردار • (bordâr)


گنگ

Perhaps developed from the sense “to mock, hum”. Usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”).


گنگ

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: [Term?] (“conduit”)

Azerbaijani: küng

→ Armenian: քունգ (kʻung)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كنك (künk)
Turkish: künk
→ Albanian: qynke, çungu
→ Armenian: քիւնկ (kʻiwnk)
→ Aromanian: ciunge, ciungu
→ Bulgarian: кюнк (kjunk), кю́нец (kjúnec)
→ Greek: κιούγκι (kioúgki)
→ Macedonian: ќунк (ḱunk)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћу̏нак, чу̏нак
Latin script: ćȕnak, čȕnak

desc

→ Turkmen: güň (mute and deaf at the same time)

(obsolete) crooked, hurled, of a bent back


گنگ

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng


گنگ

گنگ دژ
گنگ دژ#Persian

گنگ دز
گنگ دز#Persian

گنگ بهشت
گنگ بهشت#Persian

(historical) the name of a certain mythological city fully گنگ دژ, گنگ دز, or گنگ بهشت


باذنجان

head

باذنجان • (bâzenjân)

fa-noun

باذنجان • (bâzenjân)

Borrowed from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنگان (bâdengân).

bor+

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


ضرب داخلی

fa:ضرب داخلی


ضرب اسکالر

fa:ضرب اسکالر


توان

head

توان • (tavân)

fa-noun

توان • (tavân)

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (twbʾn' /tuwān/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.

cog

فراتر از توانم نمیتوانم تلاش کنم.

farâtar az tavân-am ne-mi-tavânam talâš konam.


توان

head

توان • (tavân)

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]

توانستن توانستن#Persian

present stem form of توانستن (tavânestan)


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]

کلمه فتوّت مشتق است از فتی.
kalame-ye fotovvat moštaq ast az fatâ.
The word فتوّت (fotovvat, “manliness, chivalry”) is derived from فتی (fatâ, “young man”).


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]


درباره

دربارهٔ (canonical)
darbâre-ye (romanization)

[d̪äɾ bɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ]

[d̪äɾ bɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ]

[d̪äɾ bɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ]

From در (dar, “on, in”) + باره (bâre, “issue, subject”).

af

من کتابی درباره شعر فارسی دنبال میگردم.

I'm looking for a book about Persian poetry.

man ketâb-i dar-bâre-ye še'r-e fârsi donbâl mi-gardam.


تقسیم

head

تقسیم • (taqsim) (plural تقسیمات (taqsimât))

→ Bengali: তকসিম (tôksim)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: तक़सीम (taqsīm)

→ Urdu: تقسیم (taqsīm)

Punjabi: ਤਕਸੀਮ (taksīm)

Sindhi: تقسيم (taqsīma)

[t̪ʰæʁ.síːm]

Etymology tree
Arabic قَسَّمَ (qassama)
Arabic تَقْسِيم (taqsīm)bor.
Persian تقسیمBorrowed from Arabic تَقْسِيم (taqsīm), from قَسَّمَ (qassama).

etymon

تَقْسِیم

تقسیم یاخته

تقسیم کره


بیشه

head

بیشِه • (biše)

fa-noun

بیشِه • (biše)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wyšk' /wēšag/). Cognate to Central Kurdish بیشە (bîşe, “forest”) and Northern Kurdish bîşe (“forest”), Related to Latvian mežs (“forest”), Proto-Slavic *meďà (“boundary of a field”) and the borrowed Proto-Finnic *meccä (“forest”), Ottoman Turkish میشه (meşä, “forest”), Azerbaijani meşə (“forest”), ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”, adjective). For the variation b ⇌ m in the onset compare Middle Persian wnpšk' (wanafšag) some of the descendants of which point to a byform *manafšak. .


پای

(archaic in Iran) Alternative form of پا (pâ)


گزیدن

head

گزیدن • (gazidan) (present stem گز (gaz))

gazidan (romanization)
گز (present stem)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gzytn' /gazīdan/). Cognate with Gilaki گشتن (gaštən) (present stem: گز (gaz)). Compare Old Armenian գազան (gazan), an Iranian borrowing.


گزیدن

head

گزیدن • (gozidan) (present stem گزین (gozin))

gozidan (romanization)
گزین (present stem)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/wizīdan/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to pay”).
Compare Baluchi گچین (gechén, “choice”), and Old Armenian վճիտ (včit), an Iranian borrowing.

بر نویس احوال پیر راهدان
پیر را بگزین و عین راه دان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2938:

Write down what appertains to the Pír (Guide) who knows the Way: Choose the Pír and regard him as the essence of the Way.

bar nawîs ahwâl-i-pîr-i-râdân
pîr râ bi-guzîn u 'ayn-i-râh dân


ریشه

→ Urdu: ریشہ (reśa)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyšk' /rēšag/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (raēša), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).
Cognate with Baluchi ریشَگ (rīšag, “root”)


سبزه

head

سَبْزِه • (sabze)

fa-noun

سَبْزِه • (sabze)

سَبْزِه (canonical)
sabze (romanization)


خندیدن

head

خندیدن • (xandidan) (present stem خند (xand))

xandidan (romanization)
خند (present stem)
خندیدن (infinitive)
xandīdán (infinitive)
خند (present stem)
xand (present stem)
خندید (past stem)
xandīd (past stem)
خندنده (participle present)
xandindá (participle present)
خندیده (participle past)
xandīdá (participle past)
خندم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xandam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خندی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xandī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خندد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xandad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خندیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xandēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خندید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xandēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خندند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xandand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میخندم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-xandam (first-person indicative present singular)
میخندی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-xandī (indicative present second-person singular)
میخندد (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-xandad (indicative present singular third-person)
میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-xandēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میخندید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-xandēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میخندند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-xandand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال خندیدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i xandīdan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال خندیدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i xandīdan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال خندیدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال خندیدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i xandīdan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال خندیدن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال خندیدن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خندیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xandīdá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خندیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xandīdá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خندیدهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xandīdá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خندیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xandīdá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خندیدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xandīdá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خندیدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xandīdá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
xandīdam (first-person indicative past singular)
خندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
xandīdī (indicative past second-person singular)
خندید (indicative past singular third-person)
xandīd (indicative past singular third-person)
خندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xandīdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
خندیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
xandīdēd (indicative past plural second-person)
خندیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
xandīdand (indicative past plural third-person)
میخندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-xandīdam (first-person indicative past singular)
میخندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-xandīdī (indicative past second-person singular)
میخندید (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-xandīd (indicative past singular third-person)
میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-xandīdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میخندیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-xandīdēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میخندیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-xandīdand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال خندیدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال خندیدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال خندیدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال خندیدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال خندیدن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال خندیدن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i xandīdan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خندیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xandīdá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خندیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xandīdá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خندیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xandīdá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خندیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xandīdá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خندیده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xandīdá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خندیده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xandīdá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم خندید (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám xandīd (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی خندید (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ xandīd (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد خندید (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád xandīd (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم خندید (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm xandīd (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید خندید (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd xandīd (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند خندید (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd xandīd (future indicative plural third-person)
بخندم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíxandam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بخندی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíxandī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بخندد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíxandad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بخندیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bíxandēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بخندید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíxandēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بخندند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíxandand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xandīdá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خندیده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خندیده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xandīdá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بخند (imperative second-person singular)
bíxand (imperative second-person singular)
بخندید (imperative plural second-person)
bíxandēd (imperative plural second-person)
خندیدن (infinitive)
xandīdán (infinitive)
خند (present stem)
xand (present stem)
خندید (past stem)
xandīd (past stem)
خندنده (participle present)
xandindá (participle present)
خندیده (participle past)
xandīdá (participle past)
خندم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xandum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خندی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xandī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خنده (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xanda (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خندیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xandēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خندین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xandēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خندن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xandan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میخندم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-xandum (first-person indicative present singular)
میخندی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-xandī (indicative present second-person singular)
میخنده (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-xanda (indicative present singular third-person)
میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-xandēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میخندین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-xandēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میخندن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-xandan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل خندیدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i xandīdan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل خندیدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i xandīdan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل خندیدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i xandīdan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل خندیدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i xandīdan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل خندیدن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i xandīdan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل خندیدن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i xandīdan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خندیدم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xandīdám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خندیدی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xandīdī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خندیداست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xandīdást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خندیدیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xandīdḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خندیدین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xandīdḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خندیدن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xandīdán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
xandīdum (first-person indicative past singular)
خندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
xandīdī (indicative past second-person singular)
خندیده (indicative past singular third-person)
xandīda (indicative past singular third-person)
خندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xandīdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
خندیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
xandīdēn (indicative past plural second-person)
خندیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
xandīdan (indicative past plural third-person)
میخندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-xandīdum (first-person indicative past singular)
میخندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-xandīdī (indicative past second-person singular)
میخندیده (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-xandīda (indicative past singular third-person)
میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-xandīdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میخندیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-xandīdēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میخندیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-xandīdan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل خندیدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i xandīdan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل خندیدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i xandīdan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل خندیدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i xandīdan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل خندیدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i xandīdan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل خندیدن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i xandīdan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل خندیدن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i xandīdan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خندیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xandīdá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خندیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xandīdá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خندیده بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xandīdá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خندیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xandīdá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خندیده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xandīdá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خندیده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xandīdá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم خندید (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm xandīd (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی خندید (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ xandīd (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه خندید (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá xandīd (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم خندید (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm xandīd (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین خندید (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn xandīd (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین خندید (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán xandīd (future indicative plural third-person)
بخندم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíxandum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بخندی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíxandī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بخنده (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíxanda (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بخندیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búxandēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بخندین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíxandēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بخندن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíxandan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xandīdá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خندیده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xandīdá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خندیده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xandīdá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بخند (imperative second-person singular)
bíxand (imperative second-person singular)
بخندین (imperative plural second-person)
bíxandēn (imperative plural second-person)
خندیدن (infinitive)
xandidán (infinitive)
خند (present stem)
xand (present stem)
خندید (past stem)
xandid (past stem)
خندنده (participle present)
xandandé (participle present)
خندیده (participle past)
xandidé (participle past)
خندم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xandam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خندی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xandi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خندد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xandad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خندیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xandim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خندید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xandid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خندند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xandand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میخندم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-xandam (first-person indicative present singular)
میخندی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-xandi (indicative present second-person singular)
میخندد (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-xandad (indicative present singular third-person)
میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-xandim (first-person indicative plural present)
میخندید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-xandid (indicative plural present second-person)
میخندند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-xandand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میخندم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-xandam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میخندی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-xandi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میخندد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-xandad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-xandim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میخندید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-xandid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میخندند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-xandand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خندیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xandidé-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خندیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xandidé-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خندیده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xandidé ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خندیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xandidé-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خندیدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xandidé-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خندیدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xandidé-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
xandidam (first-person indicative past singular)
خندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
xandidi (indicative past second-person singular)
خندید (indicative past singular third-person)
xandid (indicative past singular third-person)
خندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xandidim (first-person indicative past plural)
خندیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
xandidid (indicative past plural second-person)
خندیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
xandidand (indicative past plural third-person)
میخندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-xandidam (first-person indicative past singular)
میخندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-xandidi (indicative past second-person singular)
میخندید (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-xandid (indicative past singular third-person)
میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-xandidim (first-person indicative past plural)
میخندیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-xandidid (indicative past plural second-person)
میخندیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-xandidand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میخندیدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-xandidam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میخندیدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-xandidi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میخندید (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt mí-xandid (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-xandidim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میخندیدید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-xandidid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میخندیدند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-xandidand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خندیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xandidé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خندیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xandidé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خندیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xandidé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خندیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xandidé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خندیده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xandidé búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خندیده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xandidé búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم خندید (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám xandid (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی خندید (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí xandid (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد خندید (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád xandid (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم خندید (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím xandid (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید خندید (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd xandid (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند خندید (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd xandid (future indicative plural third-person)
بخندم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béxandam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بخندی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béxandi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بخندد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béxandad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بخندیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béxandim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بخندید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béxandid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بخندند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béxandand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xandidé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xandidé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xandidé bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xandidé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خندیده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xandidé bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خندیده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xandidé bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بخند (imperative second-person singular)
béxand (imperative second-person singular)
بخندید (imperative plural second-person)
béxandid (imperative plural second-person)
خندیدن (infinitive)
xandidán (infinitive)
خند (present stem)
xand (present stem)
خندید (past stem)
xandid (past stem)
خندنده (participle present)
xandandé (participle present)
خندیده (participle past)
xandidé (participle past)
خندم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xandam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خندی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xandi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خنده (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xande (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خندیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xandim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خندین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xandin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خندن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xandan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میخندم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-xandam (first-person indicative present singular)
میخندی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-xandi (indicative present second-person singular)
میخنده (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-xande (indicative present singular third-person)
میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-xandim (first-person indicative plural present)
میخندین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-xandin (indicative plural present second-person)
میخندن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-xandan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میخندم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-xandam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میخندی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-xandi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میخنده (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-xande (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میخندیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-xandim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میخندین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-xandin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میخندن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-xandan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خندیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xandidám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خندیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xandidí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خندیده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xandidé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خندیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xandidím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خندیدهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xandidín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خندیدهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xandidán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
xandidam (first-person indicative past singular)
خندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
xandidi (indicative past second-person singular)
خندید (indicative past singular third-person)
xandid (indicative past singular third-person)
خندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xandidim (first-person indicative past plural)
خندیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
xandidin (indicative past plural second-person)
خندیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
xandidan (indicative past plural third-person)
میخندیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-xandidam (first-person indicative past singular)
میخندیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-xandidi (indicative past second-person singular)
میخندید (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-xandid (indicative past singular third-person)
میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-xandidim (first-person indicative past plural)
میخندیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-xandidin (indicative past plural second-person)
میخندیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-xandidan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میخندیدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-xandidam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میخندیدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-xandidi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میخندید (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-xandid (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میخندیدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-xandidim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میخندیدین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-xandidin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میخندیدن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-xandidan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خندیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xandidé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خندیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xandidé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خندیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xandidé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خندیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xandidé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خندیده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xandidé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خندیده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xandidé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بخندم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béxandam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بخندی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béxandi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بخنده (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béxande (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بخندیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béxandim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بخندین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béxandin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بخندن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béxandan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xandidé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xandidé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خندیده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xandidé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خندیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xandidé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خندیده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xandidé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خندیده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xandidé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بخند (imperative second-person singular)
béxand (imperative second-person singular)
بخندین (imperative plural second-person)
béxandin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خندیدن</i> (xandīdán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال خندیدن بودیم

در حال خندیدن بودم

در حال خندیدن بودید

در حال خندیدن بودی

در حال خندیدن بودند

در حال خندیدن بود

در حال خندیدن استیم

در حال خندیدن استم

در حال خندیدن استید

در حال خندیدن استی

در حال خندیدن استند

در حال خندیدن است

خندیده بودیم

خندیده بودید

خندیده بودند

خواهیم خندید

خواهید خندید

خواهند خندید

خندیده باشیم

خندیده باشید

xandīdá bā́šī

خندیده باشند

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خندیدن</i> (xandīdán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل خندیدن بودیم

ده آل خندیدن بودم

ده آل خندیدن بودین

ده آل خندیدن بودی

ده آل خندیدن بودن

ده آل خندیدن بود

ده آل خندیدن استیم

ده آل خندیدن استم

ده آل خندیدن استین

ده آل خندیدن استی

ده آل خندیدن استن

ده آل خندیدن است

خندیده بودیم

خندیده بودین

خواییم خندید

خوایین خندید

خندیده باشیم

خندیده باشین

xandīdá bā́šī

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خندیدن</i> (xandidán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میخندیدیم

داشتم میخندیدم

داشتید میخندیدید

داشتی میخندیدی

داشتند میخندیدند

داشت میخندید

داریم میخندیم

دارید میخندید

دارند میخندند

خندیده بودیم

خندیده بودید

خندیده بودند

خواهیم خندید

خواهید خندید

خواهند خندید

خندیده باشیم

خندیده باشید

خندیده باشند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خندیدن</i> (xandidán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میخندیدیم

داشتم میخندیدم

داشتین میخندیدین

داشتی میخندیدی

داشتن میخندیدن

داشت میخندید

داریم میخندیم

دارین میخندین

خندیده بودیم

خندیده بودین

خندیده باشیم

خندیده باشین

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hndytn' /xandīdan/, “to laugh”), from Proto-Iranian *xand- (“to laugh”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʰendʰ- (“to be joyous”). Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (γnt- /xand-/, “to laugh”), Northern Kurdish kenîn (“to laugh”), Khotanese khan- (“to laugh”), Baluchi کندگ (kandag, “to laugh”), and Old Armenian խինդ (xind, “joy, mirth”). The root may be partially onomatopoeic in origin; compare also Sanskrit कख् (kakh, “to laugh”), Ancient Greek καχάζω (kakházō, “I laugh”), Latin cachinnō (“laugh loudly”), Proto-Slavic *xoxotati (“to laugh loudly”), Lithuanian kikénti (“to giggle”).

cog

شیخ خندید و بگفتش ای سلیم / این درخت علم باشد در علیم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 3668:

The Shaykh laughed and said to him, "O simpleton, this is the tree of knowledge in the sage—"

šeyx xandid o be-goft-aš ey salim / in deraxt-e 'elm bâšad dar 'alim


لفت

Borrowed from Hindi लिफ़्ट (lifṭ), from British English lift .


بعضی

→ Azerbaijani: bəzi

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعضی

Turkish: bazı

→ Laz: ბაზი (bazi)

→ Uzbek: ba'zi

→ Uyghur: بەزى (bezi)

لیک هم بعضی از این هر دو اثر / شرح باید کرد یعنی نفع و ضر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1710:

But still, some of these two [diverse] effects must be explained—that is, the benefit and injury [which they involve]—

lēk ham ba'zē az īn har dū asar / šarh bāyad kard ya'nē naf' u zarr


کائنات

head

کائنات • (kâ'enât)

fa-noun

کائنات • (kâ'enât)

→ Bengali: কায়েনাত (kaẏenat)

desc

→ Urdu: کَائِنَات (kāināt)

→ Urdu: کَائِنَات (kāināt)

Borrowed from Arabic كَائِنَات (kāʔināt).


ماشاءالله

head

ماشاءالله • (mâšâ'allâh)

[mɑː.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[mɑː.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[mɑː.ʃɑːl.lɑ́ː]

[mɔː.ʃɔːl.lɔ́ː]

[mɒː.ʃɒː.ʔæl.lɒ́ːʰ]

[mɔ.ʃɔ.ʔäl.lɔ́ʱ]

Borrowed from Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ (mā šāʔa llāhu).

bor+

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ


اذیت

Borrowed from Arabic أَذِيَّة (ʔaḏiyya).


ارغمچین

head

ارغمچین • (arğamčin) (plural ارغمچینها (arğamčin-hâ))

arğamčin (romanization)
ارغمچینها (plural)

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰín]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁäm.t͡ʃʰín]


ریگ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyk' /rēg/, “sand”). According to Korn, ultimately inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


ریگستان

head

ریگستان • (rêgestân) (plural ریگستانها (rêgestân-hâ))

rêgestân (romanization)
ریگستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: રેગિસ્તાન (registān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रेगिस्तान (registān)

Urdu: ریگستان (registān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੇਗਿਸਤਾਨ (registān)

Shahmukhi script: ریگستان (registān)

→ Uzbek: registon

[ɹiː.ɡʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From ریگ (rêg, “sand”) + ـستان (-estân).


ریگستان

ریگستان • (rêgestân)

fa-proper noun

ریگستان • (rêgestân)

→ English: Registan

→ Uzbek: Registon

[ɹiː.ɡʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]


نمکین

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮਕੀਨ (namkīn)

Shahmukhi script: نمکین (namkīn)

From نمک (namak, “salt”) + ـین (-in, “adjective-forming suffix”).


فرس

دور از رکاب او شرفی بس که گه گهی
گردی رسد بدیده ز راه فرس مرا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 102:

Far away from her saddle, the honor is enough that from time to time,
A mote of dust reaches my eyes from the road of her horse.

dūr az rikāb-i ō šarafē bas ki gah gahē
gardē rasad ba-dīda zi rāh-i faras ma-rā


فرس

the Persians, the Iranians (as a whole); Iran, Persia

فرس قدیم
فرس قدیم#Persian

the Persian language; mainly in فرس قدیم (fors-e qadim, “Old Persian, ancient Persian language”).


مخ

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *musą (“marsh, moss”).

(now dialectal, Kazerun, Dashtestan, Bushehr) palm, palm tree


آماده

fa-adj

آماده • (âmâde)

[ʔɑː.mɑː.ˈða]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.mɔː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.mɒː.d̪é]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫀𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫃 (ʾmʾdg /āmādag/, “ready, prepared”), from Proto-Iranian *āmaH-, from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *maH- (“to measure”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare Avestan 𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀- (āmāta-), Sanskrit माति (māti, “measure, knowledge”), Ancient Greek μῆτῐς (mêtis, “skill, counsel, plan”).
By surface analysis, the past participle of آمادن (âmâdan, “to prepare”).


غوک

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (ğwk) (plural: [script needed] (ğwkt)); cognate with Ormuri [Term?], and Parachi [Term?].


حد

head

حدّ • (hadd) (plural حُدود (hodud) or حدها (hadd-hâ))

حدّ (canonical)
hadd (romanization)
حُدود (plural)
حدها (plural)

→ Bengali: হদ্দ (hoddo)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްދު (haddu)

→ Gujarati: હદ (had)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हद (had)

Urdu: حَد (had, hadd)

→ Marathi: हद्द (hadda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਦ (hadda)

Shahmukhi script: حَدّ (ḥadd)


نهر

نَهْر • (nahr)

fa-noun

نَهْر • (nahr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नहर (nahar)

Urdu: نَہَر (nahar)

کنار نهر

زیر درختان نهر جاری است.


ظن

هر کسی از ظن خود شد یار من
 از درون من نجست اسرار من

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 6:

Everyone became my friend from his own opinion; none sought out my secrets from within me.

har kasē az zann-i xwad šud yār-i man
az darūn-i man na-just asrār-i man


حتی

head

حَتّی • (hattâ)

→ Azerbaijani: hətta

→ Bashkir: хатта (xatta)

→ Kumyk: гьатта (hatta)

→ Ottoman Turkish: حتی

Turkish: hatta

→ Uzbek: hatto

[hǽt̪.t̪ʰɑː]

[hǽt̪.t̪ʰɑː]

[hǽt̪.t̪ʰɒː]

مریم حتی کتاب هم نمیخواند. (more literary)

مریم حتی کتاب هم نمیخونه. (more colloquial)

دیگر ستارگان را حتی هیچ اعتماد نیست. شاید ستارهها شبگردهای دشمن ما باشند.

1985, قیصر امینپور [Qeysar Aminpour], “شعری برای جنگ”, in تنفس صبح:

Even the stars are no longer reliable. Perhaps the stars are our enemy's night patrols.

digar setâregân-râ hattâ hič e'temâd nist. šâyad setâre-hâ šabgard-hâ-ye došman-e mâ bâšand.


اضداد

اضداد • (azdâd)


اقمار

اقمار • (aqmâr)


ابجد

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪̥]

[ʔæb.d͡ʒæd̪̥]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic أَبْجَد (ʔabjad), equivalent to the first four letters of the Perso-Arabic script in the traditional order: ا (vowel placeholder), ب (b), ج (j), د (d).

از لطف تو مشکل اشارات و شفا
در مکتب علم ما یکی ابجد بود

c. 1620, Mīr Dāmād Astarābādī, “Rubā’i 167”, in دیوانِ اشراق [Dēwān-i išrāq]:

By Your grace, the puzzle of the Directives and the Healing
Has become an ABC in the school of our learning.

az lutf-i tū muškil-i išārāt u šifā
dar maktab-i ilm-i mā yakē abjad buwad

(figurative) ABC, nuts and bolts (elementary facts, simple truths)


اخ

اخ • (ax) (broken plural اخوان, Arabic feminine اخت)


اخبار

اخبار • (axbâr)

fa-noun

اخبار • (axbâr)

→ Dogri: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अख़बार (axbār)

→ Urdu: اخبار (axbār)

→ Malvi: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Nepali: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਅਖਬਾਰ (akhabār)

→ Shahmukhi script: اخبار (axbār)

→ Kazakh: ақпар (aqpar)

خویش را تاویل کن نه اخبار را
مغز را بد گوی نی گلزار را

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3744:

Alter yourself, not the Traditions (of the Prophet):
abuse your brain, not the rose garden (the true sense).

xwēš rā tā'wīl kun na axbār rā
mağz rā bad gōy na gulzār rā


ارض

Borrowed from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), from Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́-.

اراضی اشغالی فلسطین


بوراب

head

بوراب • (burân)

fa-noun

بوراب • (burân)


اذن

head

اِذْن • (ezn)

fa-noun

اِذْن • (ezn)


ادب

head

ادب • (adab) (plural آداب (âdâb) or ادبها (adab-hâ))

adab (romanization)
آداب (plural)
ادبها (plural)

Reborrowed from Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), from Persian دب (dab); ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub).

گفت جایی که منم ناله و فریاد مکن
و گرت نیست تحمل بکش آهی به ادب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 112:

She said: "Do not cry out and moan at the place where I am,
And if you do not have the patience, let out a sigh courteously."

guft jāyē ki man-am nāla u faryād makun
u garat nēst tahammul bikaš āhē ba adab

politeness, courtesy, civility, manners, proper conduct


گرده

Ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer-.


گرده

From Middle Persian gwltk’ (gurdag, “kidney”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás (“kidney”); compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬐𐬀 (vər^əδka) and Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), Northern Luri گۏردالٱ (gördāla).


تجمع

head

تجمع • (tajammo') (plural تجمعات (tajammo'ât))

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́ʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́ʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́]

[t̪ʰæ.d͡ʒæm.móʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mɵ́ʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَجَمُّع (tajammuʕ), from تَجَمَّعَ (tajammaʕa).

etymon

coming together, assembling, gathering (act of coming together)


بام

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾn /bān/, “roof, rooftop”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to clothe, wear, put on”). Compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhana), 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhāna, “cover”).


بام

Alternative forms: فام (fâm), پام (pâm), وام (wâm)

سپید بام

گلفام

ستاره بام

gleam, sheen, shimmer, tinge, hue, color


عدو

نیست خفاشک عدوی آفتاب
او عدوی خویش آمد در حجاب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 791:

The little bat is not an enemy to the sun:
it is an enemy to itself in the veil (of its own blindness).

nīst xufāš-ak 'adu-i āftāb
ō 'adū-i xwēš āmad dar hajāb


احمر

باز تره در دو ماه اندر رسد / باز تا سالی گل احمر رسد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2593:

Vegetables, again, reach maturity in two months, while the red rose comes red in a year.

bâz dar du mâh andar rasid / bâz tâ sâl-i gul ahmar rasid


دعا کردن

head

دعا کردن • (do'â kardan) (present stem دعا کن (do'â kon))

do'â kardan (romanization)
دعا کن (present stem)


بوم

→ Urdu: بوم (būm)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭬 (būm), from Old Persian 𐏏 (būmiš), from Proto-Iranian *búHmiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰúHmiš (compare Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi, “earth, soil, land”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”).


بوم

(colloquial-um) Spoken form of بام (bâm).


دوستانه

fa-adj

دوستانه • (dustâne) (comparative دوستانهتَر (dustâne-tar), superlative دوستانهتَرین (dustâne-tarin))

dustâne (romanization)
دوستانهتَر (comparative)
دوستانهتَرین (superlative)

→ Hindustani:

→ Devanagari script: दोस्ताना (dōstānā)

→ Arabic script: دوسْتَانَہ (dōstānah)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਦੋਸਤਾਨਾ (dōstānā)

desc

→ Shahmukhi script: دوسْتَانَہ (dōstānah)

→ Bengali script: দোস্তানা (dōstānā)

→ Sindhi:

→ Devanagari script: दोस्ताणो (dōstāṇō)

→ Arabic script: دوستاڻو (dōstāṇō)

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur: دوستانە (dostane)

→ Uzbek: do‘stona

[d̪ʊːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

From دوست + ـانه.


کفتر

→ Khalaj: kəftər


شر

او ز شر عامه اندر خانه شد
او ز ننگ عاقلان دیوانه شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1434:

He has gone into the house (and taken refuge) from the wickedness of the vulgar:
he has become mad on account of the infamy of the sane.

ō zi šarr-i 'āmma andar xāna šud
ō zi nang-i 'āqilān dēwāna šud


نغمه

head

نغمه • (nağme)

fa-noun

نغمه • (nağme)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नग़मा (naġmā)

Urdu: نَغمَہ (naġmā)

چه نسبت است به رندی صلاح و تقوا را
سماعِ وعظ کجا، نغمهٔ رباب کجا

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 2”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

What do virtue and piety have to do with being a rogue?
Where is the listening to sermons? Where, the tune of the lute?

či nisbat ast ba rindî salâh u taqwâ râ
samâ'-i wa'z kujâ, nağma-yi rubâb kujâ


ایمنی

head

ایمنی • (êmeni)

fa-noun

ایمنی • (êmeni)


ژئولوژی

head

ژئولوژی • (že'oloži)

fa-noun

ژئولوژی • (že'oloži)


ژئوفیزیک

head

ژئوفیزیک • (že'ofizik)

fa-noun

ژئوفیزیک • (že'ofizik)


ایست

head

ایست • (ist)

ایستادن ایستادن#Persian


ایست

ایست • (ist)


هست

آب هست؟


مسافرت

مُسافِرَت • (mosâferat)

fa-noun

مُسافِرَت • (mosâferat)

مُسافِرَت (canonical)
mosâferat (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَافَرَة (musāfara).


اوضاع

head

اوضاع • (owzâ')


نی

From Middle Persian KNYA / nʾd (nay, “reed, cane”), nʾd (nāy, “tube, flute, clarion”); see نای (nây) for more.


نی

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭠 / 𐭭𐭩 (nē), from Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”).

inh+

(chiefly Dari, Tajik, otherwise archaic) no


کنار

head

کِنار • (kenâr)

fa-noun

کِنار • (kenâr)

→ Bengali: কিনার (kinār)

→ Gujarati: કિનાર (kinār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: किनार (kinār)

Urdu: كنار (kinār)

→ Kazakh: қанар (qanar)

→ Russian: кана́р (kanár)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كنار (känar)

Azerbaijani: kənar

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كنار (kenar)
Turkish: kenar
→ Arabic: كَنَار (kanār, “a border in architecture”)
→ Bulgarian: кена́р (kenár, “a kind of lace; border, end”)
→ Macedonian: ќенар (ḱenar, “a kind of lace”)
→ Romanian: chenar
→ Serbo-Croatian: (“a kind of lace; border, end”)
Cyrillic script: ћѐна̄р
Latin script: ćènār

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਨਾਰ (kinār)

Shahmukhi script: كنار (kinār)

→ Uzbek: qanor

→ Russian: кана́р (kanár)

[kʰʲe.nɒ́ːɹ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (knʾl /kanār/, “side, edge”), from a metathesis of کران (karân, “border, edge”).

inh

علم دریاییست بیحد و کنار
طالب علمست غواص بحار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 3881:

Knowledge is an ocean without bounds or shore: the seeker of knowledge is the diver in [those] seas.

ilm daryāyē-st bē-hadd u kanār
tālib-i ilm ast ğawwās-i bihār

بوس و کنار

دست بگشاد و کنارانش گرفت
همچو عشق اندر دل و جانش گرفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 93:

He opened his hands and clasped him to his breast and received him, like love, into his heart and soul.

dast bugšād u kinārān-aš girift
hamčō išq andar dil u jān-aš girift

(poetic) embrace, hug; (metonymically) chest, bosom


کنار

head

کِنارِ • (kenâr-e)

کِنارِ (canonical)
kenâr-e (romanization)

[kʰʲe.nɒ́ːɹ]

آیا میتوانیم کنار پنجره بنشینیم؟ (literary)

âyâ mi-tavânim kenâr-e panjere be-nešinim?

میشه کنار پنجره بشینیم؟ (colloquial)


کنار

کِنار • (kenâr)

[kʰʲe.nɒ́ːɹ]


کنار

کنار • (konâr)

fa-noun

کنار • (konâr)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kunār). Compare Classical Syriac ܟܢܪܐ (kənārā), Old Armenian քնարուկ (kʻnaruk), Late Koine Greek κόνναρος (kónnaros), Iranian borrowings.

inh+

Ziziphus, especially of species Ziziphus spina-christi


سفارش

head

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)

fa-noun

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)

سِفارِش (canonical)
sefâreš (romanization)

→ Ahirani: सिपारस (sipāras)

→ Azerbaijani: sifariş

→ Middle Bengali: সুফারিশ (suphariś)

Bengali: সুপারিশ (śupariś)

→ Bhojpuri: siphāris

Devanagari script: सिफारिस

Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂱𑂤𑂰𑂩𑂱𑂮

desc

→ Chhattisgarhi: सिपारस (sipāras), सिपारिस (sipāris)

→ Dogri: saphāraś

Devanagari script: सफारश

Dogra script: 𑠩𑠟𑠬𑠤𑠧

→ Gojri: سَفارَش (safāraś), سْپارَش (spāraś)

→ Gujarati: શિફારસ (śiphāras), સિફારસ (siphāras)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सिफ़ारिश (sifāriś)

Urdu: سِفارِش (sifāriś)

→ Kannada: ಶಿಫಾರಸು (śiphārasu)

→ Maithili: sipāris

Devanagari script: सिपारिस

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒱𑒣𑒰𑒩𑒱𑒮

→ Malayalam: ശുപാർശ (śupāṟśa)

→ Malvi: सिफारिस (siphāris)

→ Marathi:

Devanagari script: शिफारस (śiphāras)

Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘣𑘰𑘨𑘭 (śīphāras)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सिफारस (siphāras), सिफारिस (siphāris), सुपारस (supāras)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅰 (siphrs), 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅑𑅰 (siphris), 𑅰𑅒𑅨𑅭𑅰 (suprs)

→ Nepali: सिफारिस (siphāris)

→ Odia: ସୁପାରିସ୍ (supāris)

→ Pashto: سپارش (sipārísh, supārísh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ (sifāriś), ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (sifāraś), ਸਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (safāraś)

Shahmukhi script: سِفارَش (sifāraś), سِپارَس (sipāras)

→ Sindhi: sifāriśa, supārasa

Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ

Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ

Devanagari script: सिफ़ारिश, सुपारस

Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋡𑋓𑋩𑋠𑋙𑋡𑋜, 𑋝𑋣𑋒𑋠𑋙𑋝

→ Tamil: சிபார்சு (cipārcu)

→ Telugu: సిపారసు (sipārasu)

→ Tulu: śiparāsŭ, śipārasŭ, siparāsŭ, sipārasŭ, sipārsi, sipārsŭ

Kannada script: ಶಿಪರಾಸ್, ಶಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪರಾಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸಿ, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸ್

Malayalam script: ശിപരാസ്, ശിപാരസ്, സിപരാസ്, സിപാരസ്, സിപാര്സി, സിപാര്സ്

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپارش (sipariş)

Turkish: sipariş

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

From سپار (sepâr-, “to commit, entrust, deposit, order”) + ـش (-eš, “-ment, -tion”). Compare Pashto سپارښت (spārə́x̌t).

af

پس از سفارش گل ، گل فروشی ها گل ها را با پیک یا وانت به مکان مورد نظر برد و به کسی که آنها را سفارش داده است تحویل می دهند.

2021, “برای شغل گلفروشی باید چه مهارتهایی داشته باشید؟ [What skills do you need for a florist job?]”, in ilna.news:

After the flower order [has been made], the florists take the flowers to the destination by courier or van, and deliver them to the person who has ordered them.

pas az sefâreš-e gol, gol-foruši-hâ gol-hâ-râ bâ peyk yâ vânet be makân-e mowred nazar bord va be kasi ke ânhâ-râ sefâreš dâde ast tahvil mi-dehand.


نهج

نهج البلاغة ― nahj-al-balâga ― the way to rhetoric (name of a famous book by Imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib)


وضع

head

وَضع • (vaz') (plural اُوضاع (owzâ') or وَضعها (vaz'-hâ))

وَضع (canonical)
vaz' (romanization)
اُوضاع (plural)
وَضعها (plural)

ز انکه مریم وقت وضع حمل خویش / بود از بیگانه دور و هم ز خویش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 3608:

Mary in [her] pregnant state was not joined by any one: she did not return from without the town.

z-ân-ke maryam vaqt-e vaz'-e haml-e xiš / bud az bigâne dur o ham ze xiš

وَ این تُرکتاز خان دَر دَکَّن مُتَوَلِّد شُده، خود را با وَضعِ مَرَتههها ساخته، دَر لِباس و خَوراک و مُخالِطَت با مَرَتههها قِسمی مُواقَفَت داشت که سَرِ مو اَز وَضعِ آنها با این تَفاوَت مَحسوس نِمیکَردَند. وَ دَر رَویه جَنگ نیز مِثلِ مَرَتههها بود.

c. 1760, محمد یوسف خان [Muḥammad Yūsuf Khān], translated by Hannah Lord Archambault, in "Geographies of Influence: Two Afghan Military Households in 17th and 18th Century South India" (2018, PhD), تاریخ فتحیه [Tārikh-i Fatḥiya]:

And this Turktāz Khān [was] born in the Deccan and presented himself in the manner of the Marathas. In [his] clothing and food and conversation their they had such a degree of similarity that not a hair from their heads could be distinguished. In style of warfare also he was like the Marathas.


انتقاد

انتقاد • (enteqâd)

fa-noun

انتقاد • (enteqâd)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔen̪.t̪ʰe.ʁɒːd̪̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِقَاد (intiqād).


فروغ

head

فروغ • (foruğ)

fa-noun

فروغ • (foruğ)

→ Urdu: فَروغ (faroġ)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plwk' /frōg/), from Proto-Iranian *fra- + *ráwčah (“light”, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-os (“light”)).

inh

ای فروغِ ماهِ حسن از روی رخشان شما
آبروی خوبی از چاه زنخدان شما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

O, the radiance of the moon of grace is from that bright face of yours;
The dignity of beauty, from the dimple on that chin of yours.

ay furôğ-i mâh-i husn az rôy-i raxšân-i šumâ
âbirôy-i xûbî az čâh-i zanaxdân-i šumâ


فروغ

head

فروغ • (foruğ)

fa-proper noun

فروغ • (foruğ)


اجتماع

head

اِجْتِماع • (ejtemâ') (plural اجتماعات (ejtemâ'ât))

اِجْتِماع (canonical)
ejtemâ' (romanization)
اجتماعات (plural)

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ː]

[ʔed͡ʒ.t̪ʰe.mɒ́ːʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِجْتِمَاع (ijtimāʕ), from اِجْتَمَعَ (ijtamaʕa).


قطع

قَطعِ بَرق


زاغ

From Middle Iranian, from Proto-Iranian (compare Sogdian [script needed] (zʾγ /zāγ/, “crow”), Northern Kurdish zax (“crow”), Parthian [script needed] (zxs- /zaxs-/, “to sound”)).


سرآشپز

head

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)

fa-noun

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)


چلچله

Reduplication of چل (čel, “speckled; partridge or hazel grouse”) due to its contrasting colours and shape + ـه (-e).


وصل

قابل امر ویی قایل شوی / وصل جویی بعد از آن واصل شوی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 937:

If you accept His command, you will become the spokesman [thereof]; if you seek union [with Him], thereafter you will become united.

qâbel-e amr-e vey-i qâyel šavi / vasl juyi ba'd az ân vâsel šavi


خاده

head

خاده • (xâde)

fa-noun

خاده • (xâde)

Has been compared to Old Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “crucifix; cross”).


خاج

Borrowed from Middle Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “cross”), from Old Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “crucifix; cross”).


بخارا

head

بخارا • (boxârâ)

fa-proper noun

بخارا • (boxârâ)

[bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

[bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

[bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

Said by some to be from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “vihara, monastery”), closely matching the name in Uyghur. Said by others to be from Sogdian βuxārak (“place of good fortune”). More at Bukhara.

der

1325-1390, Hafez, Diwan
اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را
به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را
agar ān turk-i šērāzī ba dast ārad dil-i mā rā
ba xāl-i hindūyaš baxšam samarqand u buxārā rā

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

بخارای شریف

Bukhara the Noble; a title used when referring to the city


سمرقند

desctree

→ Chagatai: سمرقند
Uyghur: سەمەرقەند (semerqend)
Uzbek: Samarqand

→ Ottoman Turkish: سمرقند (semerkand)
Turkish: Semerkant

→ Russian: Самарка́нд (Samarkánd), Самарка́ндъ (Samarkánd) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ English: Samarkand

→ Urdu: سمرقند (samarqand)

[sæ.mæɹ.ɢǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian 𐮐𐮋𐮊𐮉𐮌𐮃 (smlknd /samarkand/), borrowed from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /*Smā́rkąθ/).

inh

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


چپر

→ Armenian: չափար (čʻapʻar)

→ Azerbaijani: çəpər

→ Northern Kurdish: çeper

→ Turkish: çeper

→ Ushojo: چَپر (čapar)

[t͡ʃʰæˈpʰæɾ]


چپر

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

چاپار چاپار#Persian

Alternative form of چاپار (čâpâr, “post; courier”)


افیون

→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)

→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)

→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)

→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)

desc

→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)

→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)

→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)

→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)

→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)

→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)

→ Uzbek: afyun

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós
Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós)
Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ion)
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn)bor.
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)der.
Persian افیون
The forms with /f/ and /b/ are from Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn) and أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn), that with /p/ is via Middle Persian directly from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion).


چاپار

head

چاپار • (čâpâr)

fa-noun

چاپار • (čâpâr)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈpɑːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.pʰɔ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.pʰɒ́ːɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.pʰɔ́ɾ]

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish چپار / چاپار / چپر (çapar), Ottoman Turkish چاپار (çapar), Azerbaijani çapar. Ultimately from the root underlying Ottoman Turkish چاپمق (çapmak), Azerbaijani çapmaq.
Also from Turkic (directly or via Persian): Middle Armenian չափառ (čʻapʻaṙ), Armenian Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan), Georgian ჩაფარი (čapari), Ossetian чапар (ḱapar), Avar чапар (čapar), Lezgi чапар (čapar), Lak чапар (čapar).

cog

چپار / چاپار / چپر

چاپارچیباشی

čâpârči-bâši


درگر

→ Armenian: դուրգար (durgar)

→ Georgian: დურგალი (durgali)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دولگر (dülger)
Turkish: dülger
→⇒ Armenian: Տյուլկերյան (Tyulkeryan)
→ Romanian: dulgher

From درودگر (dorudgar), from درود (dorud, “timber, plank”) + agentive suffix گر (gar). Already Middle Persian [script needed] (dwlgl /durgar/, “carpenter”).


باژبان

head

باژبان • (bâžbân)

fa-noun

باژبان • (bâžbân)


باژدار

head

باژدار • (bâždâr)

fa-noun

باژدار • (bâždâr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باجدار (bacdar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bàždār / ба̀жда̄р

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɔːʒ.d̪ɔːɾ]

[bɒːʒ.d̪ɒːɹ]

From باژ (bâž, “tribute”) + ـدار (-dâr).


باژ

→ Central Kurdish: باج (bāj)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باج (bac)
Turkish: bac
→ Serbo-Croatian: bádža / ба́џа

From Middle Persian bʾc (bāǰ), from Proto-Iranian *bāǰi- (“tribute, tax”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáǰati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to distribute, allot”); see there for further information.
Related to Persian باغ (bâğ, “garden”), بخت (baxt, “fortune, luck”), and the verb بخشیدن (baxšidan, “to endow, forgive”); Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”) and Sanskrit भक्ति (bhaktí, “distribution, partition, separation”).

cog

tribute, toll, duty, revenue, tax, impost

any grievous imposition which distresses the poor or the conquered

silence observed by the Pârsis while eating or performing their ablutions

the distance between each hand when the arms are horizontally extended in opposite directions

name of a town in the dependencies of Tus, and birthplace of Ferdousi


زیجک

→ Arabic: صوجوق (sujuk)

Unknown; presumably related to زویج (zevij, zavij), زونیج (zevanij), زونج (zevanj, “sausage”), compare also Central Kurdish زونگ (zung, “sausage”) and Northern Kurdish ziving (“cave, winter quarters”). Nişanyan argues a Turkic origin, see more in sucuk.https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/sucuk

food made from animal intestines, sausages


ثریا

Borrowed from Arabic ثُرَيَّا (ṯurayyā).

a female given name, Surayya, Soraya, Surayyo, or Suraya, from Arabic


دشت

→ Arabic: دست (dast)

→ Khalaj: dəşt

→ Urdu: دشت (dašt)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dšt' /dašt/, “desert, field, plain”) from Proto-Iranian *dáxštah. Compare Armenian դաշտ (dašt, “plain, field”), an Iranian borrowing.


دشت

Arabic: داشن (dāšan)

From Middle Persian right hand (dšn' /dašn/), from Proto-Iranian *dášinah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáćšinas, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-i-no-s, from *deḱs- (“right (side)”).


دشت

fa-adj

دشت • (došt) (comparative دشتتَر (došt-tar), superlative دشتتَرین (došt-tarin))

došt (romanization)
دشتتَر (comparative)
دشتتَرین (superlative)

From or related to Proto-Iranian *duš-. Cognate with Sanskrit दुष्ट (duṣṭa).


خاگینه

head

خاگینه • (xâgine)

fa-noun

خاگینه • (xâgine)

Ottoman Turkish: قایغنه (kayğana)

Bulgarian: кайгана (kajgana)

Greek: καγιανάς (kagianás)

Turkish: kaygana

Serbo-Croatian: ка̏јгана/kȁjgana

From earlier خایه گینه (xâya gina), from Middle Persian [Term?]. Equivalent to خایه (xâye, “egg”) + ـگین (-gin, “-ful”).


افراشتگی

afrâštagi (romanization)
afrâštegi (romanization)


پلگان

پلکان پلکان#Persian

(obsolete) plural of پله, alternative form of پلکان


جاود

fa-adj

جاود • (jâved)

[d͡ʒɑː.ˈwið]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɔː.wíd̪̥]

[d͡ʒɒː.véd̪̥]

Akin to Old Armenian յաւէտ (yawēt), an Iranian borrowing.


جانه

head

جانه • (jâne)

fa-noun

جانه • (jâne)


زینه

head

زِینَه • (zīna)

fa-noun

زِینَه • (zīna)


جناس

head

جناس • (jenâs)

fa-noun

جناس • (jenâs)


دیت

Alternative form of دیه (diye, “bloodwite”)


روانی

head

روانی • (ravâni)

fa-noun

روانی • (ravâni)

[ɹæ.vɒː.níː]


روانی

fa-adj

روانی • (ravâni)

[ɹæ.vɒː.níː]

اعتیاد یک بیماری روانیست.


شوی

From the same root as شوهر (šowhar, “husband”), see there for more.


شوی

head

شوی • (šavi)

fa-noun

شوی • (šavi)

Akin to Old Armenian շապիկ (šapik), an Iranian borrowing; see there for more.


شوی

head

شوی • (ševi)

fa-noun

شوی • (ševi)


شوی

head

شوی • (šovi)

fa-noun

شوی • (šovi)


شوی

شستن شستن#Persian

present stem form of شستن (šostan, “to wash”)


پروردگار

parvardagâr (romanization)
parvardegâr (romanization)

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪i.ɡɔːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪æ.ɡɒːɹ~pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪e.ɡɒːɹ]

[pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔɾ~pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪i.ɡɔɾ]


پروردگار

→ Azerbaijani: pərvərdigara

desc

পরওয়ারদেগার

→ Bengali: পরওয়ারদেগার (porōẇardegar)

→ Urdu: پروردگار (parvardigār)

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪i.ɡɔːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪æ.ɡɒːɹ~pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪e.ɡɒːɹ]

[pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔɾ~pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪i.ɡɔɾ]


شناختن

head

شِناخْتَن • (šenâxtan) (present stem شناس (šenâs))

شِناخْتَن (canonical)
šenâxtan (romanization)
شناس (present stem)
شناختن (infinitive)
šenâxtán (infinitive)
شناس (present stem)
šenâs (present stem)
شناخت (past stem)
šenâxt (past stem)
شناسنده (participle present)
šenâsandé (participle present)
شناخته (participle past)
šenâxté (participle past)
شناسم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šenấsam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شناسی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šenấsi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شناسد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šenấsad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شناسیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šenấsim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شناسید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šenấsid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شناسند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šenấsand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشناسم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-šenâsam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشناسی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-šenâsi (indicative present second-person singular)
میشناسد (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-šenâsad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشناسیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-šenâsim (first-person indicative plural present)
میشناسید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-šenâsid (indicative plural present second-person)
میشناسند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-šenâsand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میشناسم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-šenâsam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میشناسی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-šenâsi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میشناسد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-šenâsad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میشناسیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-šenâsim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میشناسید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-šenâsid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میشناسند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-šenâsand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شناختهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šenâxté-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شناختهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šenâxté-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شناخته است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šenâxté ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شناختهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šenâxté-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شناختهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šenâxté-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شناختهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šenâxté-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شناختم (first-person indicative past singular)
šenấxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
شناختی (indicative past second-person singular)
šenấxti (indicative past second-person singular)
شناخت (indicative past singular third-person)
šenâxt (indicative past singular third-person)
شناختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šenấxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
شناختید (indicative past plural second-person)
šenấxtid (indicative past plural second-person)
شناختند (indicative past plural third-person)
šenấxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
میشناختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-šenâxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
میشناختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-šenâxti (indicative past second-person singular)
میشناخت (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-šenâxt (indicative past singular third-person)
میشناختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-šenâxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
میشناختید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-šenâxtid (indicative past plural second-person)
میشناختند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-šenâxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میشناختم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-šenâxtam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میشناختی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-šenâxti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میشناخت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt mí-šenâxt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میشناختیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-šenâxtim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میشناختید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-šenâxtid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میشناختند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-šenâxtand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شناخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šenâxté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شناخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šenâxté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شناخته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šenâxté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شناخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šenâxté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شناخته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šenâxté búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شناخته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šenâxté búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم شناخت (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám šenâxt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی شناخت (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí šenâxt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد شناخت (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád šenâxt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم شناخت (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím šenâxt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید شناخت (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd šenâxt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند شناخت (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd šenâxt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشناسم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béšenâsam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشناسی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béšenâsi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشناسد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béšenâsad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشناسیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béšenâsim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشناسید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béšenâsid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشناسند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béšenâsand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شناخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شناخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šenâxté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شناخته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šenâxté bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شناخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شناخته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شناخته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šenâxté bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشناس (imperative second-person singular)
béšenâs (imperative second-person singular)
بشناسید (imperative plural second-person)
béšenâsid (imperative plural second-person)
شناختن (infinitive)
šenâxtán (infinitive)
شناس (present stem)
šenâs (present stem)
شناخت (past stem)
šenâxt (past stem)
شناسنده (participle present)
šenâsandé (participle present)
شناخته (participle past)
šenâxté (participle past)
شناسم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šenấsam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شناسی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šenấsi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شناسه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šenấse (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شناسیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šenấsim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شناسین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šenấsin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شناسن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šenấsan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشناسم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-šnâsam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشناسی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-šnâsi (indicative present second-person singular)
میشناسه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-šnâse (indicative present singular third-person)
میشناسیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-šnâsim (first-person indicative plural present)
میشناسین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-šnâsin (indicative plural present second-person)
میشناسن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-šnâsan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میشناسم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-šnâsam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میشناسی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-šnâsi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میشناسه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-šnâse (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میشناسیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-šnâsim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میشناسین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-šnâsin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میشناسن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-šnâsan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شناختهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šenâxtám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شناختهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šenâxtí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شناخته (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šenâxté (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شناختهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šenâxtím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شناختهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šenâxtín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شناختهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šenâxtán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شناختم (first-person indicative past singular)
šenấxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
شناختی (indicative past second-person singular)
šenấxti (indicative past second-person singular)
شناخت (indicative past singular third-person)
šenấxt (indicative past singular third-person)
شناختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šenấxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
شناختین (indicative past plural second-person)
šenấxtin (indicative past plural second-person)
شناختن (indicative past plural third-person)
šenấxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
میشناختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-šnâxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
میشناختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-šnâxti (indicative past second-person singular)
میشناخت (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-šnâxt (indicative past singular third-person)
میشناختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-šnâxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
میشناختین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-šnâxtin (indicative past plural second-person)
میشناختن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-šnâxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میشناختم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-šnâxtam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میشناختی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-šnâxti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میشناخت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-šnâxt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میشناختیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-šnâxtim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میشناختین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-šnâxtin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میشناختن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-šnâxtan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شناخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šenâxté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شناخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šenâxté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شناخته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šenâxté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شناخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šenâxté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شناخته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šenâxté búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شناخته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šenâxté búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بشناسم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béšnâsam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشناسی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béšnâsi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشناسه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béšnâse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشناسیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béšnâsim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشناسین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béšnâsin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشناسن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béšnâsan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شناخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شناخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šenâxté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شناخته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šenâxté bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شناخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شناخته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šenâxté bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شناخته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šenâxté bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشناس (imperative second-person singular)
béšnâs (imperative second-person singular)
بشناسین (imperative plural second-person)
béšnâsin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شناختن</i> (šenâxtán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میشناختیم

داشتم میشناختم

داشتید میشناختید

داشتی میشناختی

داشتند میشناختند

داشت میشناخت

داریم میشناسیم

دارم میشناسم

دارید میشناسید

داری میشناسی

دارند میشناسند

دارد میشناسد

شناخته بودیم

شناخته بودید

شناخته بودند

خواهیم شناخت

خواهید شناخت

خواهند شناخت

شناخته باشیم

شناخته باشید

شناخته باشند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شناختن</i> (šenâxtán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میشناختیم

داشتم میشناختم

داشتین میشناختین

داشتی میشناختی

داشتن میشناختن

داشت میشناخت

داریم میشناسیم

دارم میشناسم

دارین میشناسین

داری میشناسی

دارن میشناسن

داره میشناسه

شناخته بودیم

شناخته بودین

شناخته باشیم

شناخته باشین

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭭 (šnāxtan, “to recognize, to know”), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐏃𐎹 (xšnāsāhiy), from Proto-Iranian *jnaHŝáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́naHsćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.
Related to دانستن (dânestan, “know”), Northern Kurdish zanîn, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬥 (zanąn, “to recognize”), Baluchi زانگ (zánag), English know.

inh

پدرتون رو از بچگی میشناسم.

گر چه با تو شه نشیند بر زمین
خویشتن بشناس و نیکوتر نشین

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 341:

Although the King sit with you on the ground,
 know yourself and sit better.

gar či bā tū šah nišīnad bar zamīn
xwēš-tan bi-šinās u nēkū-tar nišīn

to inform, to make known, to define, to describe

فکر میکنم آن مرد را میشناسم. (more literary)
fekr mi-konam ân mard râ mi-šenâsam.

فکر میکنم اون مرد و میشناسم. (more colloquial)


زنخ

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫉𐫗𐫟 (znx /zanax/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰánuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


مجله

head

مَجَلِّه • (majalle) (plural مجلهها (majalle-hâ) or مجلات (majallât))

مَجَلِّه (canonical)
majalle (romanization)
مجلهها (plural)
مجلات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مَجَلَّة (majalla).


سرنای

سرنای • (sornâ)

سرنا سرنا#Persian


نای

From Middle Persian nʾd (nāy, “reed, cane; tube, pipe, flute, clarion”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit नड (naḍá)), from Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”); See Old Armenian նետ (net, “arrow”) for more.


مقدمه

head

مقدمه • (moqaddame) (plural مقدمات (moqaddamât))

moqaddame (romanization)
مقدمات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّمَة (muqaddama), the passive equivalent of the active participle مُقَدِّمَة (muqaddima).

bor+

Coordinate term: نتیجه (natije)