آزادی

head

آزادی • (âzâdi) (plural آزادیها (âzâdi-hâ))

âzâdi (romanization)
آزادیها (plural)
آزادی (singular)
âzâdí (singular)
آزادیها (plural)
âzâdi-hấ (plural)
آزادیا (colloquial plural)
âzâdiấ (plural)
آزادی را (definite direct-object singular)
âzâdí râ (definite direct-object singular)
آزادی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
âzâdí ro (definite direct-object singular)
آزادیها را (definite direct-object plural)
âzâdi-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
آزادیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
âzâdiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
آزادی (ezafe singular)
âzâdí-ye (ezafe singular)
آزادیهای (ezafe plural)
âzâdi-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
آزادیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
âzâdiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
آزادی (definite relative singular)
آزادی (indefinite singular stressed)
âzâdí (definite relative singular)
âzâdí (indefinite singular stressed)
آزادیهایی (definite plural relative)
آزادیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
âzâdi-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
âzâdi-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
آزادیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
آزادیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
âzâdiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
âzâdiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
آزادیام (first-person possessive singular)
âzâdí-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âzâdím (first-person possessive singular)
آزادیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
âzâdi-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
آزادیهام، آزادیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âzâdiấm (first-person possessive singular)
آزادیات (possessive second-person singular)
âzâdí-at (possessive second-person singular)
آزادیت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âzâdít (possessive second-person singular)
آزادیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
âzâdi-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
آزادیهات، آزادیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âzâdiất (possessive second-person singular)
آزادیاش (possessive singular third-person)
âzâdí-aš (possessive singular third-person)
آزادیش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âzâdíš (possessive singular third-person)
آزادیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
âzâdi-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
آزادیهاش، آزادیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âzâdiấš (possessive singular third-person)
آزادیمان (first-person plural possessive)
âzâdíyemân (first-person plural possessive)
آزادیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âzâdímun (first-person plural possessive)
آزادیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
âzâdi-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
آزادیهامون، آزادیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âzâdiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
آزادیتان (plural possessive second-person)
âzâdíyetân (plural possessive second-person)
آزادیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âzâdítun (plural possessive second-person)
آزادیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
âzâdi-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
آزادیهاتون، آزادیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âzâdiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
آزادیشان (plural possessive third-person)
âzâdíyešân (plural possessive third-person)
آزادیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âzâdíšun (plural possessive third-person)
آزادیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
âzâdi-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
آزادیهاشون، آزادیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âzâdiấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: azadi

→ Bengali: আজাদী (azadī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आज़ादी (āzādī)

Urdu: آزادی (āzādī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਜ਼ਾਦੀ (azādī)

Shahmukhi script: آزادی (āzādī)

[ʔɑː.zɑː.ˈðiː]

[ʔɑː.zɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɑː.zɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɑː.zɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɔː.zɔː.d̪í]

[ʔɒː.zɒː.d̪íː]

زن، زندگی، آزادی


الماری

الماری • (almārī)

fa-noun

الماری • (almārī)

[ʔäl.mɑː.ɾíː]

Ultimately borrowed from Portuguese armário, from Latin armārium. Likely via Pashto and Urdu الماری.

(Dari, of a kitchen) cupboard, shelf; almirah


آخر

fa-adj

آخر • (âxer)

âxer (romanization)
آخرم (first-person predicative singular)
âxeram (first-person predicative singular)
آخریم (first-person plural predicative)
âxerim (first-person plural predicative)
آخری (predicative second-person singular)
âxeri (predicative second-person singular)
آخرید (plural predicative second-person)
âxerid (plural predicative second-person)
آخرین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âxerin (plural predicative second-person)
آخر است (predicative singular third-person)
âxer ast (predicative singular third-person)
آخره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âxere (predicative singular third-person)
آخرند (plural predicative third-person)
âxerand (plural predicative third-person)
آخرن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âxeran (plural predicative third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir, “last”).


آخر

head

آخر • (âxer)


آخر

آخر • (âxer)

fa-noun

آخر • (âxer)

→ Gujarati: આખિર (ākhir), આખર (ākhar)

→ Khalaj: âxır

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਖਰ (ākhar)

Shahmukhi script: آخر (āxar)

میخواهم بروم ببینم آخرِ جویبار کجاست.

1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:

I want to go and see where the end of the stream is.

mi-xâham be-ravam be-binam âxar-e juybâr kojâ-st.


آخر

fa-adj

آخر • (âxar)

Borrowed from Arabic آخَر (ʔāḵar, “another”).


آخر

head

آخر • (âxor)

fa-noun

آخر • (âxor)

آخور آخور#Persian


آداب

head

آداب • (âdâb)

fa-noun

آداب • (âdâb)

[ʔɑː.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[ʔɑː.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[ʔɑː.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[ʔɔː.d̪ɔ́ːb̥]

[ʔɒː.d̪ɒ́ːb̥]

Borrowed from Arabic آدَاب (ʔādāb), plural of أَدَب (ʔadab).


بی‌شمار

fa-adj

بیشمار • (bi-šomâr)

بیشمار (canonical)
bi-šomâr (romanization)

→ Bengali: বেশুমার (beśumar)

→ Dogri: beśumār

Devanagari script: बेशुमार

Dogra script: 𑠠𑠳𑠧𑠯𑠢𑠬𑠤

→ Gujarati: બેશુમાર (beśumār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बेशुमार (beśumār)

Urdu: بے شُمار (beśumār)

→ Konkani: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Malvi: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Marathi: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: बेसुमार (besumār)

Mahajani script: 𑅪𑅓𑅰𑅒𑅬𑅭 (besumr)

→ Odia: ବେଶୁମାର (beśumāra)

desctree

→ Old Punjabi: ਬੇਸੁਮਾਰੁ (besumāru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬੇਸ਼ੁਮਾਰ (beśumār)
Shahmukhi script: بے شُمار (be śumār)

→ Sindhi: beśumāru

Arabic script: بيشُمارُ

Devanagari script: बेशुमारु

desc

Sindhi: 𑋔𑋥𑋜𑋣𑋗𑋠𑋙𑋣

Sindhi: 𑋔𑋥𑋜𑋣𑋗𑋠𑋙𑋣

→ Varhadi: बेसुमार (besumār)

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

From Classical Persian بی (bē-) + شمار (šumār).


آسانی

head

آسانی • (âsâni)

fa-noun

آسانی • (âsâni)

→ Bengali: আসানী (aśani)

→ Dogri:|alt=āsānī

Devanagari script: आसानी

Dogra script: 𑠁𑠩𑠬𑠝𑠮

→ Gojri: اسانی (asānī)

→ Gujarati: આસાની (āsānī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आसानी (āsānī)

desc

Urdu: آسَانِی (āsānī)

Urdu: آسَانِی (āsānī)

→ Marathi: आसानी (āsānī)

→ Punjabi: asānī

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਾਨੀ

Shahmukhi script: اَسانی

→ Sindhi: āsānī

Arabic script: آسَانِي

Devanagari script: आसानी

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋝𑋠𑋑𑋢

→ Varhadi: आसानी (āsānī)

به آسانی

ملت ایران آگاه هستند که این انقلاب، به آسانی به دست نیامده بلکه برای به ثمر رسیدن آن خون های زیادی ریخته شده و حضور در انتخابات نیز یکی از راههای صیانت از انقلاب است.

2021 April 25, “امامجمعه اهل سنت نقده: مشارکت در انتخابات وظیفه شرعی و عقلی است”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

The Iranian nation is aware that this revolution has not been achieved easily, but rather that much blood has been shed for it to bear fruit, and participating in the elections is also among the ways to safeguard the revolution.

mellat-e irân âgâh hastand ke in enqelâb, be âsâni be dast nay-âmade balke barâ-ye be samar rasidan-e ân xun-hâ-ye ziyâdi rixte šode va hozur dar entexâbât niz az râh-hâ-ye siyânat az enqelâb ast.


انتظار

head

اِنتِظار • (entezâr) (plural اِنتِظارات (entezârât))

اِنتِظار (canonical)
entezâr (romanization)
اِنتِظارات (plural)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.zɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.zɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.zɑ́ːɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِظَار (intiẓār).

bor+

قلب پهلو میزند با زر به شب / انتظار روز میدارد ذهب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3294:

At night the false coin jostles [in rivalry] with the gold: the gold is waiting for day.

qalb pahlu mi-zanad bâ zar be šab / entezâr-e ruz mi-dârad zahab


انسان

head

اِنسان • (ensân) (plural انسانها (ensân-hâ) or انسانان (ensânân))

اِنسان (canonical)
ensân (romanization)
انسانها (plural)
انسانان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंसान (insān)

Urdu: انسان (insān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਨਸਾਨ (inasān)

Shahmukhi script: انسان (insān)

→ Bengali: ইনসান (insan)


بیر

→ Urdu: بیر (bīr)

From Middle Persian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.


عمارت

عمارت • ('emârat) (plural عمارتها ('emârat-hâ) or عمارات)

'emârat (romanization)
عمارتها (plural)
عمارات (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इमारत (imārat)

Urdu: عمارت (imārat)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਮਾਰਤ (imārat)

Shahmukhi script: عمارت (imārat)


انکار

انکار • (enkâr)

fa-noun

انکار • (enkâr)


انعام

head

انعام • (en'âm)

fa-noun

انعام • (en'âm)


تاریخ

head

تاریخ • (târix)

fa-noun

تاریخ • (târix)

→ Assamese: তাৰিখ (tarikh)

→ Bengali: তারিখ (tarikh)

→ Gujarati: તારીખ (tārīkh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तारीख़ (tārīx)

Urdu: تارِیخ (tārīx)
→ Phalura: taaríx

→ Kyrgyz: тарых (tarıh)

→ Marathi: तारीख (tārīkh)

→ Nogai: тарых (tarıx)

→ Southern Altai: тарых (tarïh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਰੀਖ਼ (tārīx)

Shahmukhi script: تارِیخ (tārīx)

→ Telugu: తారీఖు (tārīkhu)

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾíːx]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾíːx]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾíːx]

[t̪ʰɒː.ɹíːx]


امتحان

head

اِمْتِحان • (emtehân) (plural امتحانات (emtehânât))

اِمْتِحان (canonical)
emtehân (romanization)
امتحانات (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: imtahan

→ Bashkir: имтихан (imtixan)

→ Bengali: ইমতেহান (imtehan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इम्तिहान (imtihān)

Urdu: اِمْتِحان (imtihān)

→ Phalura: imtihaán

desc

امتحان/इंटेहन

Sindhi: امتحان/इंटेहन (emtahaañ)

→ Kazakh: емтихан (emtixan)

→ Uzbek: imtihon

[ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

Etymology tree
Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)
Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)bor.
Persian امتحانBorrowed from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

etymon

ar>اِمْتِحَان>test

امتحان رانندگی


چا

→ Punjabi: ਚਾਹ (cāh)


چای

desc

→ Arabic: شَاي (šāy), صَاي (ṣāy), صَا (ṣā)

→ Amharic: ሻይ (šay)

→ Gulay: sáȳ, sáyā

→ Hausa: shāyì

→ Nupe: shayì

→ Hijazi Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Libyan Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Mango: sáỳ

→ Gulf Arabic: چاي

→ Swahili: chai

→ Mabaan: caayi

→ Aramaic: ܟ݈ܐܝ (chai)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाय (cāy), चा (cā)

Urdu: چای (ćāy), چا (cā)

→ Kalasha: čay

→ Khalaj: čây

→ Konkani: चा (cā), च्या (cyā)

→ Malayalam: ചായ (cāya)

→ Marathi: चहा (cahā)

→ Mongolian: цай (caj) ᠴᠠᠢ (čai)

→ Odia: ଚା (cā)

→ Pashto: چای (čây)

→ Punjabi: ਚਾਹ (cāh) / چاہ (cāh)

→ Sindhi: چانھ (čānhi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چای (çay) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: çaý

From possibly چا + ـی or Chinese 茶葉／茶叶 (cháyè).


گند

گُنداوری (gondâvari), گُنداور (gondâvar)

(anatomy, archaic, dialectal, Kazerun, Khesht, Konartakhteh) testicle

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


چهره

head

چهره • (čehre) (plural چهرهها (čehre-hâ))

→ Assamese: চেহেৰা (sehera)

→ Azerbaijani: çöhrə

→ Bengali: চেহারা (cehara)

→ Gujarati: ચહેરો (cahero)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चेहरा (cehrā)

Urdu: چِہْرَہ (cihra)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਿਹਰਾ (cihrā)

Shahmukhi script: چِہْرَہ (cihrah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چهره (çehre)

Turkish: çehre

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чехра

Latin script: čehra

→ Uyghur: چىراي (chiray)

→ Uzbek: chehra, chiroy

[t͡ʃʰe̞ɦ.ɾä]

[t͡ʃʰe̞ɦ.ɾä]

David Neil MacKenzie
Nicholas Sims-Williams

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭧𐭫𐭪𐭩 (čihrag), from Old Persian *čiθrakah, from Proto-Iranian *čiθrákah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čitrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷi-tróm, from *kʷey- (“bright, burning”). Cognate with Sanskrit चित्र (citra). Baluchi چِهرَگ (čihrag, “countenance, face”)


چوری

head

چوری • (čûrî)

fa-noun

چوری • (čûrî)

Borrowed from Hindustani چوڑی / चूड़ी (cūṛī).

[t͡ʃuː.ˈɾiː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɹíː]


چوری

head

چوری • (čuri)

fa-noun

چوری • (čuri)

[t͡ʃuː.ˈɾiː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɹíː]

(dialectal, Isfahan, Yazd) chick (young chicken)


گرج

→ Arabic: كُرْج (kurj)

desctree

→ Medieval Latin: Geōrgia
→ English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle French: Georgie
French: Géorgie
→ Middle English: Georgie
English: Georgie (obsolete)
→ Italian: Georgia
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia
→ Romanian: Georgia
→ Spanish: Georgia

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (ʿlʿcʾn /Wiruz-ān/, “Iberians, Georgians”); compare Parthian 𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭔𐭍 pl (wyršn /Wiruž-ān/), Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] pl (wrwcʾn), Old Armenian վիր-ք (vir-kʻ), Russian грузи́н (gruzín).

cog

1258-1273, Rumi, Masnavi
در هوا میکرد خود بالای برج
که هزیمت میشد از وی روم و گرج
dar hawā mē-kard xwad bālā-yi burj
ki hazīmat mē-šud az way rōm u gurj

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


گزر

desc

→ Arabic: جَزَر (jazar), جَزَرَة (jazara)

Egyptian Arabic: جزر (gazar)

Hijazi Arabic: جُزَر (juzar)

→ Bashkir: кишер (kişer)

→ Hebrew: גֶּזֶר (gézer)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गज़र (gazar)

Urdu: گزر (gazar)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: գազար (gazar)
Armenian: գազար (gazar)
→ Udi: кӏаьзаьр (ḳäzär)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جزر (cezer)

Azerbaijani: کشیر (Khoy dialect)

→ Tatar: кишер (kişer)

From Middle Persian *gazar. Compare Sanskrit गार्जर (gārjara), Classical Syriac ܓܙܪܐ (gezzārāʾ), Hebrew גֶּזֶר (gézer), Pashto ګازره (gāzara), Alviri-Vidari گزر (gazer), Baluchi گزرک (gizirk, gazirk), Kurdish gêzer, گێزەر (gêzer), Northern Luri گزر (gezer). Compare also the Turkic borrowings: Bashkir кишер (kişer), Tatar кишер (kişer), Turkmen käşir.


گزر

گزیر گزیر#Persian


گپ

→ Armenian: գափ (gapʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: gap

→ Bashkir: гәпләшеү (gəpləşew)

→ Kazakh: гәп (gäp)

→ Turkmen: gep

→ Turkmen: geplemek

→ Uzbek: gap

→ Uzbek: gaplamoq

Compare Mazanderani گپ (gap), Gilaki گب (gəb), Talysh گف (gaf), Talysh گپ (gap) (in Astara), Northern Luri گپ (gap), Yidgha گپ (gap), Ishkashimi [script needed] (gap), Northern Kurdish gef ('threat') and gep ('cheek'). Compare the verb گپتن (gaptan, goptan).


غریب

head

غریب • (ğarib) (plural غریبها (ğarib-hâ) or غریبان (ğaribân))

ğarib (romanization)
غریبها (plural)
غریبان (plural)


غریب

fa-adj

غریب • (ğarib) (comparative غریبتَر (ğarib-tar), superlative غریبتَرین (ğarib-tarin))

ğarib (romanization)
غریبتَر (comparative)
غریبتَرین (superlative)
غریبم (first-person predicative singular)
ğaribam (first-person predicative singular)
غریبیم (first-person plural predicative)
ğaribim (first-person plural predicative)
غریبی (predicative second-person singular)
ğaribi (predicative second-person singular)
غریبید (plural predicative second-person)
ğaribid (plural predicative second-person)
غریبین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
ğaribin (plural predicative second-person)
غریب است (predicative singular third-person)
ğarib ast (predicative singular third-person)
غریبه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
ğaribe (predicative singular third-person)
غریبند (plural predicative third-person)
ğariband (plural predicative third-person)
غریبن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
ğariban (plural predicative third-person)

10th Century, Ferdowsi, Shahname.

غریب آهوئی آمدم در کمند
که از بند جست و مرا کرد بند.

12th Century, Nizami Ganjavi, Khamse.

به وقت خورش هرکه باشد طبیب
بپرهیزد از خورده های غریب

14th Century, Hafez, Divan-e Hafez-e Shirazi.

گر آمدم به کوی تو چندان غریب نیست
چون من در آن دیار هزاران غریب هست


گیتا

head

گیتا • (gitâ)

fa-noun

گیتا • (gitâ)

[ɡʲiː.t̪ʰɒː]


گیتا

head

گیتا • (gitâ)

fa-proper noun

گیتا • (gitâ)

[ɡʲiː.t̪ʰɒː]


قاشق

qâšoq (romanization)
qâšeq (romanization)

→ Iraqi Arabic: خاشوغه (xāšūga)

desc

→ Pashto: کاچوغه (kāčúǧa), قاشوغه (kāšúǧa)

→ Punjabi: ਕਾਸਕ (kāsak) (uncommon)

Borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish قاشق (qašuq, qašıq).

bor+

قاشق چایخوری

قاشق غذاخوری


گرمی

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭬𐭩𐭧 (garmīh). See گرم (garm, “warm”) for more.


گرم

fa-adj

گرم • (garm) (comparative گرمتَر (garm-tar), superlative گرمتَرین (garm-tarin))

garm (romanization)
گرمتَر (comparative)
گرمتَرین (superlative)

→ Assamese: গৰম (gorom)

→ Bengali: গরম (gorom)

→ Gujarati: ગરમ (garam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गर्म (garm)

Urdu: گرم (garm)

→ Malay: geram

Indonesian: geram

→ Marathi: गरम (garam)

→ Odia: ଗରମ (garama)

→ Punjabi: ਗਰਮ (garam)

→ Sylheti: ꠉꠞꠝ (goromo)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás
Proto-Iranian *garmáh
Persian گرم
From Middle Persian [script needed] (glm /garm/, “warm”), from Proto-Iranian *garmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to warm, heat”), whence also English warm. Cognate with Khotanese garma- (“hot”), etc.

der

در بیابان هوا خیلی گرم است

(figurative) warm, enthusiastic, passionate


گلی

From گل (gel, “mud”) + ـی (-i, “adjective forming suffix”).


گلی

From گل (gol, “flower, rose”) + ـی (-i, “adjective forming suffix”).


گلی

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


روز

rōz／ruz (romanization)
روزها (plural)
روزان (plural)

→ Old Gujarati: रोज (roja)

Gujarati: રોજ (roj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रोज़ (roz)

Urdu: روز (roz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਜ਼ (roz)

Shahmukhi script: روز (roz)

→ Telugu: రోజు (rōju)

→ Tamil: ரோஜ் (rōj)

→ Bengali: রোজ (rōj)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
Proto-Iranian *ráwčah
Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm)
Persian روزInherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas. Compare Indo-Iranian cognates Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬵 (raocah, “light, day”)) and Sanskrit रोचते (rocate, “to shine, to be bright”)).

cog

۳ روز است که پدرشان گم شده.
Se ruz ast ke pedarešân gom šode.

Their father's been missing for three days.

۳ روزه که پدرشون گم شده. Se ruz-e ke pedarešun gom šode. (more colloquial)

(Literally, “It is three days that their father has gone missing.”)


قسمت

head

قسمت • (qesmat) (plural قسمتها (qesmat-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: qismət

desc

→ Bengali: কিসমত (kiśomot), কিসমৎ (kiśomot)

→ Georgian: ყისმათი (q̇ismati)

→ Gujarati: કિસ્મત (kismat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़िस्मत (qismat)

desctree

Urdu: قِسْمَت (qismat)
→ Tamil: கிஸ்மத் (kismat)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕ਼ਿਸਮਤ (qismat), قِسْمَت (qismat)

→ Uyghur: قىسمەت (qismet)

→ Uzbek: qismat

Etymology tree
Arabic قَسَمَ (qasama)
Arabic قِسْمَة (qisma)bor.
Persian قِسْمَتBorrowed from Arabic قِسْمَة (qisma), from قَسَمَ (qasama). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish قِسْمَت (kısmet).

etymon

قِسْمَت

قسمت شهر

به سه قسمت تقسیم شده بود.

پس از بازداشت و انتقال او به قسمت پشت وانت یخچالدار، یکی از مردان در حالیکه روی نیکا نشسته بود به آزار و اذیت جنسی او پرداخت.

2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

After arresting her and moving her to the back part of the refrigerated truck, one of the men began sexually harassing her while sitting on top of her.

pas az bâzdâšt o enteqâl-e u be qesmat-e pošt-e vânet-e yaxčâl-dâr, yeki az mardân dar hâli-ke ru-ye nikâ nešaste bud be âzâr o aziyat-e jensi-ye u pardâxt.

قابل قسمت


لغت

head

لغت • (loğat) (plural لغتها (loğat-hâ) or لغات (loğât))

loğat (romanization)
لغتها (plural)
لغات (plural)


لغت

(dialectal, Tehran: some people, Bushehr, Kazerun, Sabzevar, Dashtestan) kick


دل

دِل (canonical)
del (romanization)
دلها (plural)

→ Judeo-Tat: дуьл (dyl)

→ Azerbaijani: dil

→ Bengali: দিল (dil)

→ Chagatai: دل

Uyghur: دىل (dil)

Uzbek: dil

→ Gujarati: દિલ (dil)

Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دل (dil)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: दिल (dila)
Hindustani: dil
Hindi: दिल
Urdu: دِل (dil)

→ Kyrgyz: дил (dil)

→ Maithili: dil

Devanagari script: दिल

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒱𑒪

→ Marathi: दिल (dil)

→ Marwari: दिल (dil)

→ Nepali: दिल (dil)

→ Odia: ଦିଲ (dila)

→ Old Punjabi: ਦਿਲੁ (dilu)
Punjabi: dil
Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਲ
Shahmukhi script: دِل

→ Ottoman Turkish: دل

Turkish: dil

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دِلُ

Devanagari script: दिलु

→ Turkmen: dil

→ Yagnobi: дил (dil)

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭫 (dyl /dil/), from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr; with a regular phonetic shift *ȷ́ŕ̥d- > *dŕ̥d > *dŕ̥l > dil. For the phonetic change, compare گل (gol) and سالار (sâlâr).
Cognates with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫅 (zyrd /zirδ/), Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله (zila), Northern Kurdish dil, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), Pashto زړه (zrë,zra) and English heart.

دلم درد میکند

دلم شکست

mind; (figurative) the heart (as the seat of emotion)


منظر

head

منظر • (manzar) (plural مناظر (manâzer))

هر هوا و ذرهای خود منظری است
ناگشاده کی گود کانجا دری است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3766:

Every air and mote is indeed a place for vision (of God),
(but so long as it is) unopened, who says “Yonder is a door”?

har hawā u zarra-i xwad manzar-ē-st
nā-gušāda kī guwad kānjā dar-ē-st


غلط

Etymology tree
Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ)bor.
Persian غلطBorrowed from Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ).


غلط

→ Bengali: গলদ (gôlôd), গলতি (gôlti)

→ Gujarati: ગલત (galat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ग़लत (ġalat)

Urdu: غلط (ġalat)

→ Pashto: غلط (ǧalát)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗਲਤ (galat)

Shahmukhi script: غلط (ġalat)

→ Uzbek: gʻalat

→ Uyghur: غەلەت (ghelet)


غلط

Back-formation from غلطیدن (ğaltidan), غلتیدن (ğaltidan, “to roll”), if not vice versa.

غلطانیدن

غلطان (ğaltân), غلتان (ğaltân, “rolling, rotating”)

غلطبان

large cylinder to consolidate clay roofs


عراق

head

عِراق • ('erâq)

fa-proper noun

عِراق • ('erâq)

Borrowed from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”).

bor+

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


عشق

عِشْق (canonical)
'ešq (romanization)
عشقها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इश्क़ (iśq)

Urdu: عِشْق ('iśq)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئىشق (ishq)

Uzbek: ishq

Borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq, “love, passion”).

دَرْدِ عِشْق

ز عشق ناتمام ما جمال یار مستغنی است

late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

Of my imperfect love the glory of the beloved is independent

zi išq-i nātamām-i mā jamāl-i yār mustağnī ast

چو درد عشق رسد خواهش دوا کفر است

c. 1650, Chandar Bhan Brahman, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan], Lahore, Mughal Empire:

When the pain of love arrives, the desire for medicine is infidelity

čō dard-i išq rasad xwāhiš-i dawā kufr ast

هر کس که دل به عشق وطن کرد مبتلا، ایمان و عقل و دین نشود هیچ از و جدا.

1915, محمود طرزی, (Mahmud Tarzi), translated by Wali Ahmadi (Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan), پراکنده مجموعه اشعار [Collection of Scatted Poems], Kabul, Afghanistan: 'Ināyat Press:

That one who is ever consumed by love for his homeland: faith, reason, and belief shall never abandon him.

har kas ki dil ba išq-i watan kard mubtalā, īmān u aql u dīn našawad hēč az u judā

عِشْقِ مَن


فولاد

head

فولاد • (fulâd)

fa-noun

فولاد • (fulâd)

[fʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

From Early Classical Persian پولاد (pōlād).


نمک

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮਕ (namak)

Shahmukhi script: نمک (namak)


اسپانیا

head

اِسْپانِیا • (espâniyâ)

fa-proper noun

اِسْپانِیا • (espâniyâ)

اِسْپانِیا (canonical)
espâniyâ (romanization)

desc

→ Pashto: اسپانيا

→ Pashto: اسپانيا

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


پنیر

head

پنیر • (panir) (plural پنیرها (panir-hâ))

→ Assamese: পনিৰ (ponir)

→ Azerbaijani: pendir, peynir

→ Baluchi: پنیر (paner)

→ Bengali: পনীর (pônīr)

→ Gujarati: પનીર (panīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पनीर (panīr)

Urdu: پنیر (panīr)

→ Khalaj: pənîr

→ Malay: panir, ڤانير

→ Malayalam: പനീര് (panīṟ)

→ Nepali: पनीर (panīra)

→ Dzongkha: པ་ནིར (pa nir)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنیر (penîr), پینیر (peynîr)

Turkish: peynir, (dialectal) pendir

→ Romani: pendír

→ Zazaki: pendîr, peynir

→ Pashto: پنیر (panir)

→ Wakhi: pənir

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਨੀਰ (panīr)

Shahmukhi script: پنیر (panīr)

→ Sindhi: پنير

→ Turkmen: peýnir

From Middle Persian pnyl (panīr); see there for further information.


اوج لذت جنسی

head

اوج لذت جنسی

fa-noun

اوج لذت جنسی

fa:اوج لذت جنسی


جنگ

جَنْگ (canonical)
jang (romanization)
جنگها (plural)

→ Bengali: জঙ্গ (joṅgo)

→ Crimean Tatar: cenk

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जंग (jaṅg)

Urdu: جَن٘گ (jaṅg)

→ Gujarati: જંગ (jaṅg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جنك

Turkish: cenk (“war”)

→ Laz: ჯენგი (cengi)

→ Northern Kurdish: ceng

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: جنگ (jaṅg)

Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਗ (jaṅg)

> Tajik: ҷанг (jang) (inherited)

→ Yagnobi: ҷанг (jang)

→ Turkmen: jeň

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yng), 𐫋𐫗𐫗𐫃 (jnng /ǰang/, “struggle, fight”)).

inh

جَنْگِ داخِلی


جنگ

Borrowed from Hindi जंग (jaṅg) or Malay jong.


جنگ

Cognate Mazanderani جونیکا (junikâ, “bullock”).


اجازه

head

اجازه • (ejâze)

fa-noun

اجازه • (ejâze)

[ʔɪ.d͡ʒɑː.zǽ]

[ʔɪ.d͡ʒɑː.zǽ]

[ʔɪ.d͡ʒɑː.zǽ]


روزنامه

head

روزْنامِه • (ruznâme) (plural روزنامجات (ruznâmejât) or روزنامهها (ruznâme-hâ))

روزْنامِه (canonical)
ruznâme (romanization)
روزنامجات (plural)
روزنامهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: رُوزْنَامَة (rūznāma)

→ Arabic: رُوزْنَامَة (rūznāma)

→ Azerbaijani: ruznamə

→ Chagatai: روزنامه

Uzbek: roʻznoma

→ Gujarati: રોજનામું (rojnāmũ)

→ Gulf Arabic: رزنامة (riznāma, “agenda, calendar”)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रोज़नामा (roznāmā)

Urdu: روزْنامَہ (roznāma)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: روزنامه (ruzname)
Turkish: ruzname

→ Pashto: روزنامه (roznāmá)

→ Punjabi: روزنامَہ (roznāmah)

desc

→ Sindhi: روزنامو

→ Sindhi: روزنامو

From روز (ruz, “day”) + نامِه (nâme, “book, record, message”). Compare Central Kurdish ڕۆژنامە (rojname).

compound

کتاب روزنامهی غزوات هندوستان
ketâb-e ruznâme-ye ğazavât-e hendustân
Book of the daily record of the holy wars in Hindustan
(Title of a fifteenth-century work by Ali Yazdi)


گاییدنی

head

گاییدنی • (gâyidani)


کردنی

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰʲæɹ.d̪æ.níː]


دوست

دوسْت • (dust) (plural دوستان (dustân) or دوستها (dust-hâ))

دوسْت (canonical)
dust (romanization)
دوستان (plural)
دوستها (plural)
دوست (singular)
dust (singular)
دوستها (plural)
dust-hấ (plural)
دوستا (colloquial plural)
dustấ (plural)
دوست را (definite direct-object singular)
dust râ (definite direct-object singular)
دوست رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
dusto (definite direct-object singular)
دوستها را (definite direct-object plural)
dust-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
دوستا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
dustấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دوست (ezafe singular)
dust-e (ezafe singular)
دوستهای (ezafe plural)
dust-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دوستای (colloquial ezafe plural)
dustấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دوستی (definite relative singular)
دوستی (indefinite singular stressed)
dust-i (definite relative singular)
dust-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دوستهایی (definite plural relative)
دوستهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
dustấn-i, dust-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
dustấn-i, dust-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
دوستایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دوستایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
dustấi (definite plural relative)
dustấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دوستم (first-person possessive singular)
dustam (first-person possessive singular)
دوستهایم (first-person possessive singular)
dust-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
دوستهام، دوستام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
dustấm (first-person possessive singular)
دوستت (possessive second-person singular)
dustat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dustet (possessive second-person singular)
دوستهایت (possessive second-person singular)
dust-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
دوستهات، دوستات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dustất (possessive second-person singular)
دوستش (possessive singular third-person)
dustaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dusteš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستهایش (possessive singular third-person)
dust-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستهاش، دوستاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dustấš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستمان (first-person plural possessive)
dustemân (first-person plural possessive)
دوستمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dustemun (first-person plural possessive)
دوستهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
dust-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
دوستهامون، دوستامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dustấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دوستتان (plural possessive second-person)
dustetân (plural possessive second-person)
دوستتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dustetun (plural possessive second-person)
دوستهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
dust-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
دوستهاتون، دوستاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dustấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دوستشان (plural possessive third-person)
dustešân (plural possessive third-person)
دوستشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dustešun (plural possessive third-person)
دوستهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
dust-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
دوستهاشون، دوستاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dustấšun (plural possessive third-person)
دوست (singular)
dōst (singular)
دوستها (plural)
dōst-hā́ (plural)
دوست را (definite direct-object singular)
dōst rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
دوست ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
dōsta (definite direct-object singular)
دوستها را (definite direct-object plural)
dōst-hā́ rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
دوستا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
dōstā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
دوست (singular)
dōst-i (singular)
دوستهای (plural)
dōst-hā́-yi (plural)
دوستای (Dari colloquial plural)
dōstā́-yi (plural)
دوستی (singular)
dōst-ē (singular)
دوستهایی (plural)
dōstā́n-ē, dōst-hā́-ē (plural)
دوستایی (Dari colloquial plural)
dōstā́-yē (plural)
دوستم (first-person possessive singular)
dōstam (first-person possessive singular)
دوستهایم (first-person possessive singular)
dōst-hā́yam (first-person possessive singular)
دوستایم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
dōstā́ym (first-person possessive singular)
دوستت (possessive second-person singular)
dōstat (possessive second-person singular)
دوستهایت (possessive second-person singular)
dōst-hā́yat (possessive second-person singular)
دوستایت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dōstā́yt (possessive second-person singular)
دوستش (possessive singular third-person)
dōstaš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستشِی (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dōstšī (possessive singular third-person)
دوستهایش (possessive singular third-person)
dōst-hā́yaš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستایش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dōstā́yš (possessive singular third-person)
دوستمان (first-person plural possessive)
dōstimān (first-person plural possessive)
دوستما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dōstimā (first-person plural possessive)
دوستهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
dōst-hā́yimān (first-person plural possessive)
دوستایما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dōstā́ymā (first-person plural possessive)
دوستتان (plural possessive second-person)
dōstitān (plural possessive second-person)
دوستهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
dōst-hā́yitān (plural possessive second-person)
دوستایتان (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dōstā́ytān (plural possessive second-person)
دوستشان (plural possessive third-person)
dōstišān (plural possessive third-person)
دوستهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
dōst-hā́yišān (plural possessive third-person)
دوستایشان (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dōstā́yšān (plural possessive third-person)

→ Armenian: դոստ (dost)

→ Azerbaijani: dost

→ Baluchi: دوست (dost)

→ Bashkir: дуҫ (duś)

→ Bengali: দোস্ত (dōsto)

→ Crimean Tatar: dost

→ Dongxiang: dosi

→ Gujarati: દોસ્ત (dost)

→ Hindi: दोस्त (dost)

→ Telugu: దోస్తు (dōstu)

→ Georgian: დოსტი (dosṭi)

→ Kazakh: дос (dos)

→ Northern Kurdish: dost

→ Kyrgyz: дос (dos)

→ Malayalam: ദോസ്ത് (dōstŭ)

→ Mandarin: 朵斯提 (duǒsītí)

→ Pashto: دوست (dost)

→ Punjabi: ਦੋਸਤ (dosat), دوست (dost)

→ Turkish: dost

→ Urdu: دوسْت (dost)

→ Uyghur: دوست (dost)

→ Uzbek: doʻst

→ Zazaki: dost

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/, “friend, lover”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ (one who loves), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és. Cognate with Sanskrit जोष्टा (joṣṭā, “lover”).

inh

دوستان بین، کو نشان دوستان
دوستان را رنج باشد همچو جان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1458:

See the friends! Where is the sign of (true) friends?
To (true) friends pain is as (dear as) life.”

dōstān bīn, kū nišān-i dōstān
dōstān rā ranj bāšad hamču jān


امید

head

امید • (omid, ommid) (plural امیدها (omid, ommid-hâ))

omid (romanization)
ommid (romanization)
امیدها (plural)

→ Ahirani: उमेद (umed)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ումէտ (umēt), ումետ (umet), ումէդ (umēd), ումէկ (umēk)

→ Awadhi: उमेद (umed)

→ Azerbaijani: ümid

→ Bashkir: өмөт (ömöt)

→ Baluchi: امیت (omit)

→ Bengali: উমেদ (umed)

→ Dogri: med

Devanagari script: मेद

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠳𑠛

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (umid)

→ Gojri: اُمید (umed)

→ Gujarati: ઉમેદ (umed)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उम्मीद (ummīd)

Urdu: اُمِّیدْ (ummīd)

→ Ishkashimi: [script needed] (amēd)

→ Kannada: ಉಮೇದು (umēdu)

→ Kashmiri: وۄمیٖد (vọmīd)

→ Kazakh: үміт (ümıt)

→ Kermanic:

Abyanehi: [script needed] (omīd)

Kashani: [script needed] (umīd)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: उमेद (umed)

Kannada script: ಉಮೆದ್

Latin script: umed

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: ئومێد (umêd), ھومێد (humêd)

Northern Kurdish: umêd

Southern Kurdish: ئِمێد (imêd), ئومێد (umêd), ھِمێد (himêd), ھومێد (humêd)

→ Kyrgyz: үмүт (ümüt)

→ Southern Luri: امید

→ Maithili: umēd

Devanagari script: उमेद

Tirhuta script: 𑒅𑒧𑒹𑒠

→ Malvi: उम्मीद (ummīd)

→ Marathi: उमेद (umed)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: उमेद (umed), उम्मीद (ummīd), उम्मेद (ummed)

Mahajani script: 𑅒𑅬𑅓𑅥 (umed), 𑅒𑅬𑅬𑅑𑅥 (ummid), 𑅒𑅬𑅬𑅓𑅥 (ummed)

→ Nepali: उमेद (umed), उम्मेद (ummed)

→ Parachi: [script needed] (umēd)

→ Pashto:

Pashto: امېد (umêd, umîd)

Waziri: وُممیند (ummīnd), وُممېند (ummēnd)

→ Punjabi: umīd

Gurmukhi script: ਉਮੀਦ

Shahmukhi script: اُمِید

→ Sanglechi: [script needed] (amēδ)

→ Saraiki:

Devanagari script: उमेण्द (umeṇd), उमेद (umed)

Multani script: 𑊂𑊠𑊕𑊘 (umṇd), 𑊂𑊠𑊘 (umd)

Shahmukhi script: اُمیݨد (umeṇd), اُمید (umed)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: اُميدَ

Devanagari script: उमेद, उम्मीद, उम्मेद

Khudabadi script: 𑊴𑋗𑋥𑋏 (umeda), 𑊴𑋗𑋪𑋗𑋢𑋏 (ummīda), 𑊴𑋗𑋪𑋗𑋥𑋏 (ummeda)

→ Talysh: [script needed] (umid)

→ Tamil: உமேது (umētu)

→ Tatar: өмет (ömet)

→ Telugu: ఉమేదు (umēdu), ఉమేజు (umēju)

→ Ottoman Turkish: امید (ümid)

Turkish: ümit

→ Gagauz: ümit

→ Turkmen: umyt

→ Uyghur: ئۈمىد (ümid)

→ Uzbek: umid

→ Varhadi: उमीद (umīd), उमेद (umed)

→ Wakhi: [script needed] (amēd, amid, umid)

→ Yidgha: [script needed] (ūmɛd, umēd)

→ Yagnobi: умед (umed /umḗ̝d/)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmyt' /ummēd, ōmēd/, “hope”), from Proto-Iranian *hamwátiš.


امید

a male given name, Omid, Umed, Umid, or Ummed, from Middle Persian


خواب

head

خواب • (xwāb／xâb)

fa-noun

خواب • (xwāb／xâb)

desc

→ Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab), খোওয়াব (khowab), খ্বাব (khwab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़्वाब (xvāb), ख़ाब (xāb), खाब (khāb)

Urdu: خواب (xvāb, xāb, khāb)

→ Sylheti: ꠈꠥꠀꠛ (kúab), ꠈꠣꠛ (xáb)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /xwāb/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna), Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.

سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین
گفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,
Said, "Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep [lit. is sleep upon you]?"

sar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn
guft ay âšiq-i dêrîna-yi man xwâb-at hast?

چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
کز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?

čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê

بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم
گرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم

c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:

There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;
There is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.

bîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm
gard-i taxayyul-i dô sarâb ast hastêm

این جهان پاک خواب کردار است
آن شناسد که دلش بیدار است

c. 930, Rōdakī, دیوان رودکی [The Divān of Rōdakī]:

This world acts wholly like a dream;
He whose heart is awake shall realize it.

în jahân pâk xwâb kirdâr ast
ân šinâsad ki dil-aš bidâr ast

رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.

c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]:

He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.

ra'îs-i tabî'î šawad âlim râ, u ô râ az âlim-i a'lâ nusrat rasad o suxan-i ô dar âlim-i ulwî masmû' bâšad, u xwâb u ilhâm-i ô ba kamâl rasad.


خواب

fa-adj

خواب • (xwāb／xâb)


تنور

desctree

→ Arabic: تَنُّور (tannūr)
→ Catalan: atanor
→ English: athanor
→ French: athanor
→ Italian: atanor
→ Sicilian: tannura
→ Serbo-Croatian: tanjir
→ Spanish: atanor
→ Swahili: tanuri

→ Bengali: তন্দুর (tondur)

→ Hindi: तंदूर (tandūr), तनूर (tanūr), तन्दूर (tandūr)
→ English: tandoor

→ Khalaj: tunnûr

→ Punjabi: ਤੰਦੂਰ (tandūr)

→ Urdu: تندور (tandūr)

→ Uyghur: تونۇر (tonur)

[t̪ʰän.núːɾ]

[t̪ʰän.núːɾ]

[t̪ʰän.núːɾ]

[t̪ʰæn.núːɹ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tnwl), 𐫤𐫗𐫇𐫡 (tnwr /tanūr/, “oven”). Compare Sogdian [script needed] (tnʾwr /tanūr/, “furnace, oven”). From Akkadian 𒋾𒂟 (tinūru).


خط

head

خط • (xatt) (plural خطوط (xotut) or خطها (xatt-hâ))

xatt (romanization)
خطوط (plural)
خطها (plural)

→ Malayalam: കത്ത് (kattŭ)

→ Marwari: खत (khat)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਤ (xat)

→ Shahmukhi script: خط (xt̤)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: ख़त (xat)

→ Urdu: خط (xat)

→ Phalura: xat

خط مستقیم

خط منحنی

خط چینی ― xatt-e čini ― Chinese characters

نبشت او بران نامهٔ خسروی
نبود آن زمان خط جز پهلوی

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He wrote an imperial book on it;
In those times, there was no script except for Pahlavi.

nibišt ō bar-ān nāma-yi xusrawī
na-būd ān zamān xatt juz pahlawī

چو خط که از لب لعلت دمد رقم نتوان کرد
اگر شوند چو یاقوت قدسیان همه کاتب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 112:

When the hair blooms from your ruby lips, it cannot be written down
Even were all the scribes to become like the Yāqūt of the angels.

čū xatt ki az lab-i la'lat damad raqam natawān kard
agar šawand čū yāqūt-i qudsiyān hama kātib

چشم تو و خط و خالت ای بت رعنا
برده زمن عقل و صبر و هوش به یغما

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Your eye and your down and your beauty-mark, o beautiful idol,
Has carried off as plunder the time for reason and patience and wisdom.

čašm-e to o xatt o xâl-at ey bot-e ra'nâ
borde zaman-e aql o sabr o huš be yağmâ

(poetic) down or fresh facial hair on an adolescent face (a mark of beauty)


دختر

دُخْتَر • (doxtar) (plural دختران (doxtarân) or دخترها (doxtar-hâ))

دُخْتَر (canonical)
doxtar (romanization)
دختران (plural)
دخترها (plural)
دختر (singular)
doxtar (singular)
دختران (plural)
doxtarấn (plural)
دخترا (colloquial plural)
doxtarấ (plural)
دختر را (definite direct-object singular)
doxtar râ (definite direct-object singular)
دختر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
doxtaro (definite direct-object singular)
دختران را (definite direct-object plural)
doxtarấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
دخترا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
doxtarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دختر (ezafe singular)
doxtar-e (ezafe singular)
دختران (ezafe plural)
doxtarấn-e (ezafe plural)
دخترای (colloquial ezafe plural)
doxtarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دختری (definite relative singular)
دختری (indefinite singular stressed)
doxtar-i (definite relative singular)
doxtar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دخترانی (definite plural relative)
دخترانی (indefinite plural stressed)
doxtarấn-i (definite plural relative)
doxtarấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
دخترایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دخترایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
doxtarấi (definite plural relative)
doxtarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دخترم (first-person possessive singular)
doxtaram (first-person possessive singular)
دخترهایم (first-person possessive singular)
doxtar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
دخترهام، دخترام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
doxtarấm (first-person possessive singular)
دخترت (possessive second-person singular)
doxtarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
doxtaret (possessive second-person singular)
دخترهایت (possessive second-person singular)
doxtar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
دخترهات، دخترات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
doxtarất (possessive second-person singular)
دخترش (possessive singular third-person)
doxtaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
doxtareš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترهایش (possessive singular third-person)
doxtar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترهاش، دختراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
doxtarấš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترمان (first-person plural possessive)
doxtaremân (first-person plural possessive)
دخترمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
doxtaremun (first-person plural possessive)
دخترهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
doxtar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
دخترهامون، دخترامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
doxtarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دخترتان (plural possessive second-person)
doxtaretân (plural possessive second-person)
دخترتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
doxtaretun (plural possessive second-person)
دخترهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
doxtar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
دخترهاتون، دختراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
doxtarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دخترشان (plural possessive third-person)
doxtarešân (plural possessive third-person)
دخترشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
doxtarešun (plural possessive third-person)
دخترهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
doxtar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
دخترهاشون، دختراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
doxtarấšun (plural possessive third-person)
دختر (singular)
duxtar (singular)
دختران (plural)
duxtarā́n (plural)
دختر را (definite direct-object singular)
duxtar rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
دختر ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
duxtara (definite direct-object singular)
دختران را (definite direct-object plural)
duxtarā́n rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
دخترا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
duxtarā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
دختر (singular)
duxtar-i (singular)
دختران (plural)
duxtarā́n-i (plural)
دخترای (Dari colloquial plural)
duxtarā́-yi (plural)
دختری (singular)
duxtar-ē (singular)
دخترانی (plural)
duxtarā́n-ē (plural)
دخترایی (Dari colloquial plural)
duxtarā́-yē (plural)
دخترم (first-person possessive singular)
duxtaram (first-person possessive singular)
دخترهایم (first-person possessive singular)
duxtar-hā́yam (first-person possessive singular)
دخترایم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
duxtarā́ym (first-person possessive singular)
دخترت (possessive second-person singular)
duxtarat (possessive second-person singular)
دخترهایت (possessive second-person singular)
duxtar-hā́yat (possessive second-person singular)
دخترایت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
duxtarā́yt (possessive second-person singular)
دخترش (possessive singular third-person)
duxtaraš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترشِی (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
duxtaršī (possessive singular third-person)
دخترهایش (possessive singular third-person)
duxtar-hā́yaš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترایش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
duxtarā́yš (possessive singular third-person)
دخترمان (first-person plural possessive)
duxtarimān (first-person plural possessive)
دخترما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
duxtarimā (first-person plural possessive)
دخترهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
duxtar-hā́yimān (first-person plural possessive)
دخترایما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
duxtarā́ymā (first-person plural possessive)
دخترتان (plural possessive second-person)
duxtaritān (plural possessive second-person)
دخترهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
duxtar-hā́yitān (plural possessive second-person)
دخترایتان (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
duxtarā́ytān (plural possessive second-person)
دخترشان (plural possessive third-person)
duxtarišān (plural possessive third-person)
دخترهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
duxtar-hā́yišān (plural possessive third-person)
دخترایشان (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
duxtarā́yšān (plural possessive third-person)

→ Gujarati: દુખ્તર (dukhtar)

desc

Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دُخْتَر (duxtar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुख़्तर (duxtar)

Urdu: دُخْتَر (duxtar)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: दूखतर (dūkhtar)

Mahajani script: 𑅥𑅒𑅖𑅣𑅭 (dukhtr)

→ Sindhi: duxtari

Arabic script: دُخْتَرِ

Devanagari script: दुख़्तरि

Khudabadi script: 𑋏𑋣𑊻𑋩𑋪𑋍𑋙𑋡

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪uχ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwhtl /duxtar/), oblique case of [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwht' /duxt/), from Old Persian *duxçī-, from Proto-Iranian *dúgdā. Cognate with Vedic Sanskrit दुहिता (duhitā), Northern Kurdish dot, Pashto لور (lur), Mazanderani دتر (deter), Baluchi دہت (duht).


زهر

→ Middle Armenian: զահր (zahr)

Armenian: զահր (zahr)

→ Azerbaijani: zəhər

→ Bengali: জহর (zohor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़हर (zahr)

Urdu: زہر (zahr)

→ Gilaki: زهر (zahr)

→ Kazakh: зәр (zär)

→ Kermanic:

Abyanehi: [script needed] (zāhr)

→ Khalaj: zə̂r

→ Larestani: زهر (zahr)

→ Sarikoli: [script needed] (zār)

→ Shughni: [script needed] (zār)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زهر (zehr)

Gagauz: zihir

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̏хер

Latin script: zȅher

Turkish: zehir

→ Turkmen: zäher

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur: زەھەر (zeher)

→ Uzbek: zahar

→ Yidgha: [script needed] (zahᵃr)

From Middle Persian zʾhl (zahr, “poison, venom”).


محبت

head

مُحَبَّت or مَحَبَّت • (mohabbat or mahabbat)

مُحَبَّت (canonical)
مَحَبَّت (canonical)
mohabbat (romanization)
mahabbat (romanization)

→ Bashkir: мөхәббәт (möxəbbət)

→ Bengali: মহব্বত (mohobbot)

→ Gujarati: મોહબત (mohbat)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: मुहब्बत (muhabbat), मोहब्बत (mohabbat)

Urdu: محبت (mohabbat, muhabbat)

→ Malayalam: മുഹബ്ബത്ത് (muhabbattŭ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: محبت (muḥabbet)
Turkish: muhabbet
→ Albanian: muhabet
→ Aromanian: muabeti
→ Armenian: մուհապէթ (muhapētʻ)
→ Greek: μουχαμπέτι (mouchampéti)
→ Ladino: moabet
→ Macedonian: муабет (muabet)
→ Pontic Greek: μουχαμπέτι (mouchampéti)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਹੱਬਤ (muhabbat)

Shahmukhi script: محبت (muḥabbat)

→ Tatar: мәхәббәт (mäxäbbät)

→ Uyghur: مۇھەببەت (muhebbet)

→ Uzbek: muhabbat, муҳаббат (muhabbat)

Borrowed from Arabic مَحَبَّة (maḥabba, “love”). The predominant shift of the first vowel from /a/ to /u/ is due to analogy with the large number of Arabic participles with initial /mu/ such as مهندس (muhandis, mohandes, “engineer”), محاربه (muhāraba, mohârabe, “war”) etc.


ناخن

head

ناخن • (nâxon)

fa-noun

ناخن • (nâxon)

Hindustani:

Hindi: नाख़ुन (nāxun)

Urdu: ناخُن (nāxun)

From Proto-Iranian *Hnāxunah, a derivative of *Hnā́xš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́kš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs.
Compare Indo-Iranian cognates Central Kurdish نینۆک (nînok), Northern Kurdish neynok, Baluchi ناہن (náhun)/ناکن (nákun), Sanskrit नख (nakha).


سیاست

head

سِیاسَت • (siyâsat) (plural سِیاسَتها)

fa-noun

سِیاسَت • (siyâsat) (plural سِیاسَتها)

سِیاسَت (canonical)
siyâsat (romanization)
سِیاسَتها (plural)
سیاستم (first-person possessive singular)
siyâsatam (first-person possessive singular)
سیاستهایم (first-person possessive singular)
siyâsat-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سیاستهام، سیاستام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
siyâsatấm (first-person possessive singular)
سیاستت (possessive second-person singular)
siyâsatat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
siyâsatet (possessive second-person singular)
سیاستهایت (possessive second-person singular)
siyâsat-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سیاستهات، سیاستات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
siyâsatất (possessive second-person singular)
سیاستش (possessive singular third-person)
siyâsataš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
siyâsateš (possessive singular third-person)
سیاستهایش (possessive singular third-person)
siyâsat-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سیاستهاش، سیاستاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
siyâsatấš (possessive singular third-person)
سیاستمان (first-person plural possessive)
siyâsatemân (first-person plural possessive)
سیاستمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
siyâsatemun (first-person plural possessive)
سیاستهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
siyâsat-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سیاستهامون، سیاستامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
siyâsatấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سیاستتان (plural possessive second-person)
siyâsatetân (plural possessive second-person)
سیاستتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
siyâsatetun (plural possessive second-person)
سیاستهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
siyâsat-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سیاستهاتون، سیاستاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
siyâsatấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سیاستشان (plural possessive third-person)
siyâsatešân (plural possessive third-person)
سیاستشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
siyâsatešun (plural possessive third-person)
سیاستهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
siyâsat-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سیاستهاشون، سیاستاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
siyâsatấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सियासत (siyāsat)

Urdu: سیاست (siyāsat)

desctree

→ Malay: siasat
Indonesian: siasat
→ Tagalog: siyasat

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਆਸਤ (siāsat)

Shahmukhi script: سیاست (siyāsat)

→ Sindhi: سياست


نفرت

→ Azerbaijani: nifrət

→ Bashkir: нәфрәт (nəfrət)

→ Gujarati: નફરત (naphrat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नफ़रत (nafrat)

Urdu: نفرت (nafrat)

→ Tatar: нәфрәт (näfrät)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نفرت (nefret)
Turkish: nefret

→ Uyghur: nafrat

→ Uzbek: nafrat

terror, hatred, detestation, aversion, dislike, abhorrence, abomination


خاموشی

head

خاموشی • (xâmuši)

fa-noun

خاموشی • (xâmuši)


خوشی

head

خوشی • (xoši)

fa-noun

خوشی • (xoši)

From خوش (xoš, “happy”) + ـی (-i, “-ness”).


خاندان

head

خانْدان • (xândân)

fa-noun

خانْدان • (xândân)

خانْدان (canonical)
xândân (romanization)

→ Bengali: খানদান (khanodan)

→ Gujarati: ખાનદાન (khāndān)

→ Turkish: hanedan

[xɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xɔːn̪.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[xɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[χɔn̪.d̪ɔ́n]


خاموش

fa-adj

خَاموش • (xâmuš) (comparative خَاموشتَر (xâmuš-tar), superlative خَاموشتَرین (xâmuš-tarin))

خَاموش (canonical)
xâmuš (romanization)
خَاموشتَر (comparative)
خَاموشتَرین (superlative)

→ Armenian: խամուշ (xamuš)

→ Azerbaijani: xamuş

→ Bengali: খামোশ (khamōś)

desc

→ Georgian: ხამუში (xamuši), ხამუშ-ხამუშ (xamuš-xamuš)

→ Gujarati: ખામોશ (khāmoś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ामोश (xāmoś)

Urdu: خاموش (xāmoś)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خاموش (hamuş)
Turkish: hamuş

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਮੋਸ਼ (khamoś)

Shahmukhi script: خاموش (xāmoś)

From Middle Persian hʾmwš (xāmōš, “silent”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to forget”); cognates include Latvian aizmirst (“to forget”). Compare also Old Armenian համր (hamr).


پنجره

head

پَنْجَرِه • (panjere) (plural پنجرهها (panjere-hâ))

پَنْجَرِه (canonical)
panjere (romanization)
پنجرهها (plural)
پنجره (singular)
panjeré (singular)
پنجرهها (plural)
panjere-hấ (plural)
پنجرها (colloquial plural)
panjereấ (plural)
پنجره را (definite direct-object singular)
panjeré râ (definite direct-object singular)
پنجره رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
panjerá ro (definite direct-object singular)
پنجرهها را (definite direct-object plural)
panjere-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
پنجرها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
panjereấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پنجرهٔ (ezafe singular)
panjeré-ye (ezafe singular)
پنجرههای (ezafe plural)
panjere-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پنجرهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
panjereấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پنجرهای (definite relative singular)
پنجرهای (indefinite singular stressed)
panjeré-i (definite relative singular)
panjeré-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پنجرههایی (definite plural relative)
پنجرههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
panjere-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
panjere-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
پنجرهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پنجرهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
panjereấ-yi (definite plural relative)
panjereấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Azerbaijani: pəncərə

→ Gagauz: pencerä

→ Georgian: ფანჯარა (panǯara)

→ Khalaj: pəncərə

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: փանջարայ (pʻanǰaray), փանճարայ (pʻančaray)
Armenian: փանջարա (pʻanǰara)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنجره (pencere)
Turkish: pencere
→ Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
→ Albanian: penxhere
→ Crimean Tatar: pencere
→ Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
→ Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer

→ Turkmen: penjire

[pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

From Sanskrit पिञ्जर (piñjara, “cage, skeleton”), itself from Sanskrit पञ्जर (pañjara).

cog

پنجره رو باز کردم ولی هوا هنوز خیلی گرمه.

I opened the window but it's still very hot.

panjere ro bâz kardam vali havâ hanuz xeyli garm-e.


زقاق

head

زقاق • (zoqâq)

fa-noun

زقاق • (zoqâq)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوقاق (sokak), صوقاق (sokak)
Turkish: sokak
→ Armenian: սոխախ (soxax)
→ Albanian: sokak
→ Aromanian: sucachie
→ Bulgarian: сока́к (sokák)
→ Greek: σοκάκι (sokáki)
→ Macedonian: сокак (sokak)
→ Mariupol Greek: суха́х (suxáx)
→ Romanian: socac
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: со̀ка̄к
Latin script: sòkāk


خوش

fa-adj

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوشتَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوشتَرین (xoš-tarin))

xoš (romanization)
خوشتَر (comparative)
خوشتَرین (superlative)
خوشم (first-person predicative singular)
xošam (first-person predicative singular)
خوشیم (first-person plural predicative)
xošim (first-person plural predicative)
خوشی (predicative second-person singular)
xoši (predicative second-person singular)
خوشید (plural predicative second-person)
xošid (plural predicative second-person)
خوشین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xošin (plural predicative second-person)
خوش است (predicative singular third-person)
xoš ast (predicative singular third-person)
خوشه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xoše (predicative singular third-person)
خوشند (plural predicative third-person)
xošand (plural predicative third-person)
خوشن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xošan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: խոշ (xoš)

→ Azerbaijani: xoş

→ Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)

→ Bengali: খোশ (khōś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)

desctree

Urdu: خوش (xuś)
→ Phalura: xošaán
→ Ushojo: خوشالہ

→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)

→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś)

Shahmukhi script: خُوش (xuś)

→ Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)

→ Turkish: hoş

→ Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /xʷaš/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /xʷaš/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /wxaš/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi وش (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of وش (vaš).
The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr). An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).


خواهر

head

خواهر • (xâhar) (plural خواهران (xâharân) or خواهرها (xâhar-hâ))

xâhar (romanization)
خواهران (plural)
خواهرها (plural)
خواهر (singular)
xâhár (singular)
خواهران (plural)
xâharấn (plural)
خواهرا (colloquial plural)
xâharấ (plural)
خواهر را (definite direct-object singular)
xâhár râ (definite direct-object singular)
خواهر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xâháro (definite direct-object singular)
خواهران را (definite direct-object plural)
xâharấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
خواهرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xâharấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خواهر (ezafe singular)
xâhár-e (ezafe singular)
خواهران (ezafe plural)
xâharấn-e (ezafe plural)
خواهرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xâharấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خواهری (definite relative singular)
خواهری (indefinite singular stressed)
xâhár-i (definite relative singular)
xâhár-i (indefinite singular stressed)
خواهرانی (definite plural relative)
خواهرانی (indefinite plural stressed)
xâharấn-i (definite plural relative)
xâharấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
خواهرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خواهرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xâharấi (definite plural relative)
xâharấi (indefinite plural stressed)
خواهرم (first-person possessive singular)
xâháram (first-person possessive singular)
خواهرانم (first-person possessive singular)
xâharấnam (first-person possessive singular)
خواهرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xâharấm (first-person possessive singular)
خواهرت (possessive second-person singular)
xâhárat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâháret (possessive second-person singular)
خواهرانت (possessive second-person singular)
xâharấnat (possessive second-person singular)
خواهرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâharất (possessive second-person singular)
خواهرش (possessive singular third-person)
xâháraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâháreš (possessive singular third-person)
خواهرانش (possessive singular third-person)
xâharấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
خواهراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâharấš (possessive singular third-person)
خواهرمان (first-person plural possessive)
xâháremân (first-person plural possessive)
خواهرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâháremun (first-person plural possessive)
خواهرانمان (first-person plural possessive)
xâharấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
خواهرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâharấmun (first-person plural possessive)
خواهرتان (plural possessive second-person)
xâháretân (plural possessive second-person)
خواهرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâháretun (plural possessive second-person)
خواهرانتان (plural possessive second-person)
xâharấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
خواهراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâharấtun (plural possessive second-person)
خواهرشان (plural possessive third-person)
xâhárešân (plural possessive third-person)
خواهرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâhárešun (plural possessive third-person)
خواهرانشان (plural possessive third-person)
xâharấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
خواهراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâharấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Urdu: خواہر (xāhar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwah(ar)), from Proto-Iranian *hwáhā (compare Northern Kurdish xwişk, xweh, خوشک (xuşk), Baluchi گوہار (gohár), Pashto خور (xowr), Ossetian хо (xo), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬭 (xᵛaŋhar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swasar- (compare Sanskrit स्वसृ (svásṛ)), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (compare Armenian քույր (kʻuyr), Russian сестра́ (sestrá), Welsh chwaer, Latin soror, English sister).


ابریشم

abrišam (romanization)
abrišom (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: أبريسم (ʔabrīsam, ʔabrīsim), إبريسم (ʔibrīsam, ʔibrīsim)

→ Bengali: রেশম (reśom)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रेशम (reśam)

Urdu: ریشم (rešam)

→ Khalaj: bêşimi

desctree

→ Old Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi) (or from the Middle Persian ancestor)
Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi)
→ Bats: აფშრულ (apšrul)
→ Mingrelian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi), არეშუმი (arešumi), არუშუმი (arušumi)
→ Svan: აბრეშუ̂იმ (abrešûim)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ابرشیم (ibrişim)
Turkish: ibrişim
→ Bulgarian: ибриши́м (ibriším)
→ Macedonian: и́бришим (íbrišim)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ибрѝшим
Latin script: ibrìšim

→ Sylheti: ꠞꠦꠡꠝ (reśom)

→ Udi: абришӏум (abriš:um)

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄lyšwm,ʾp̄lyšm /abrēšom/, “silk”), from Proto-Iranian *upawraišamah. Compare Luri ۏریشںم (örişəm) and Old Armenian loanword ապրիշում (aprišum, “silk”).


فردوس

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فردوس • (ferdows) (plural فرادیس (farâdis))

Reborrowed from Arabic فِرْدَوْس (firdaws), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah, like the native پالیز (pâlêz, pâliz).


زور

→ Armenian: զոռ (zoṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: zor

→ Bashkir: ҙур (źur, “big, large”)

→ Bengali: জোর (jōr)

→ Greek: ζόρι (zóri)

→ Gujarati: જોર (jor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ोर (zor)

Urdu: زور (zor)

→ Phalura: zoór

→ Kazakh: зор (zor)

→ Konkani: जोर (jor)

→ Marathi: जोर (jor)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زور (zor)
Turkish: zor
→ Bulgarian: зор (zor)
→ Greek: ζόρι (zóri)
→ Serbo-Croatian: zȏr, зо̑р
→ Romanian: zor

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੋਰ (zor)

Shahmukhi script: زور (zor)

→ Romani: zor

→ Udi: зор (zor)

→ Uyghur: زور (zor)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwl /zōr/), which Pokorny derives from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to hasten”) and compares to Serbo-Croatian žúriti (“to hurry, rush”) and Old Norse keyra (“to whip, lash; to ride”). See also Old Armenian զաւր (zawr), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

چار جوی جنت اندر حکم ماست
این نه زور ما ز فرمان خداست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3560:

The four rivers of Paradise are under our control;
this is not (by) our might, ’tis (by) the command of God

čār jōy-i-jannat andar hukm-i-mā-st
īn na zōr-i-mā za farmān-i-xudā-st


زور

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwhl /zōhr/), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tlo-, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Compare English god, God. See also Persian ژون (žun, “idol”).


زور

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zʿwr /zūr/). Compare also Old Armenian զուր (zur), from Parthian.


خون

Judeo-Tat: xun

Tajik: хун (xun)

→ Azerbaijani: xun

→ Bengali: খুন (khun)

→ Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /xūn/)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)

Urdu: خُون (xūn)

→ Maithili: khūn

Devanagari script: खून

Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢

→ Punjabi: xūn

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ

Shahmukhi script: خُون

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /xōn/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /xōn/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.
Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /gōxn/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /xurn/) or [script needed] (wγrn /wuxrn, uxarn/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).


موسم

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مُوسِم • (mowsem) (plural مواسم (mavâsem))

مُوسِم (canonical)
mowsem (romanization)
مواسم (plural)

→ Bengali: মৌসুম (mōuśum)

→ Gujarati: મોસમ (mosam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौसम (mausam)

desctree

Urdu: مَوسَم (mausam)
→ Ushojo: موسم (mōsam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਸਮ (mausam)

Shahmukhi script: موسَم (mosam)


سال

head

سال • (sâl) (plural سالها (sâl-hâ) or سالیان (sâliyân))

sâl (romanization)
سالها (plural)
سالیان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: sal

→ Bengali: সাল (śal)

→ Gujarati: સાલ (sāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साल (sāl)

Urdu: سال (sāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਲ (sāl)

Shahmukhi script: سال (sāl)

→ Sindhi: سال

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-?
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts
Proto-Iranian *carHdáh
Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d)
Middle Persian ŠNT
Persian سال
From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard/), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.


سوریه

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


گچ

→ Armenian: գաջ (gaǰ)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gc /gač/, “plaster, gypsum”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒅎𒌓 (IM.BABBAR /gaṣṣu/, “gypsum”). Compare Khotanese [script needed] (gatsä, “gypsum”), Arabic جص (jaṣṣ, “plaster”), Classical Syriac ܓܨܐ (gaṣṣā, “plaster”) from the same source.

cog

(orthopaedics) plaster cast, orthopaedic cast


بیخودی

From بیخود (bixod, “selfless”) + ـی (-i).


بیخودی

(Sufism) selflessness (More than mere selflessness, it describes a state of ecstasy and joyous intoxication resulting from a state of unity with God.)


سگ

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سَگ • (sag) (plural سگها (sag-hâ) or سگان (sagân))

سَگ (canonical)
sag (romanization)
سگها (plural)
سگان (plural)

From Middle Persian sag, from Old Persian *𐏂𐎣 (*çaka-) (compare an Iranian denotation of the dog *spaka-, Old Median σπάκα, Northern Kurdish se, seg, and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), from Middle Median *aspak), from Proto-Iranian *cwā́ (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)), Pashto سپی (spëy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́ (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

سگ من تندتر از سگ تو میدوه.


بله

(Iran, formal) Alternative form of بلی (balê)


بفرمایید

Second person polite (or plural) subjunctive or imperative form of فرمودن (farmudan, “to order, command”). Literally "may you command".

what can I do for you
what can I do for you


شب بخیر

شَب بِخِیْر • (šab bexeyr)

شَب بِخِیْر (canonical)
šab bexeyr (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शब बख़ैर (śab baxair)

Urdu: شَب بَخَیر (śab baxair)

[ʃäb bä.χǽjɾ]

From شَب (šab, “night”) + بِه (be) + خِیْر (xeyr, “good”).


عصر بخیر

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عَصْر بِخِیْر

عَصْر بِخِیْر • ('asr bexeyr)

عَصْر بِخِیْر (canonical)
'asr bexeyr (romanization)

[ʔäsɾ bä.χǽjɾ]


آره

Inherited from Classical Persian آری (ārē).

inh+

(chiefly Iran, colloquial, informal) yeah (yes)


صبح بخیر

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صُبْح بِخِیْر

صُبْح بِخِیْر • (sobh bexeyr)

صُبْح بِخِیْر (canonical)
sobh bexeyr (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुबह बख़ैर (subah baxair)

desc

صُبْح بَخَیر

Urdu: صُبْح بَخَیر (subh baxair)

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح الخَيْر (ṣabāḥ al-ḵayr).

bor+

صَبَاح الخَيْر


ببخشید

Second person plural/polite subjunctive or imperative form of بخشیدن (baxšidan, “to forgive”).

ببخشید (که) دیر کردم. ― bebaxšid (ke) dir kardam. ― Sorry I'm late.


خانم

head

خانُم • (xânom) (plural خانمها (xânom-hâ))

خانُم (canonical)
xânom (romanization)
خانمها (plural)

→ Punjabi: خانَم (xānam)

→ Urdu: خانَم (xānam)

From خان (xân) and the genitive enclitic -em, or perhaps from Persian کانم (kânom, “a married woman”).

madam (used in Iran especially in the 19th century)


درود

[d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (drwd /drōd/, “well-being, health, welfare”), from Old Persian *druwatā-, from 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎺 (du-u-ru-u-v /duruva-/, “secure, healthy”), from Proto-Iranian *druwáh. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬝 (druuatāt̰, “health”) (from 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀- (druua-)) and Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruvá, “fixed, immovable; firm”). Related to Old Armenian դրուատ (druat). As a greeting compare Russian здоро́во (zdoróvo, “hi”).


درود

→ Bengali: দরূদ (dorud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)

Urdu: دُرُود (durūd)

→ Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)

[d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥]

سلام و درود از خراسان

hello and greetings from Khorasan (Formal Khorasani Persian)


درود

[d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥]

From Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Also see دار (dâr), درخت (deraxt). Aghwan 𐔳𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐔳 (durud) is an Iranian borrowing.


فامیل

head

فامیل • (fâmil)

fa-noun

فامیل • (fâmil)


چندر

(dialectal, Bushehr, Konartakhteh, Khesht, Dashtestan) beetroot


خدا

خُدا (canonical)
xodâ (romanization)
خدایان (plural)
خدایم (first-person predicative singular)
xodâyam (first-person predicative singular)
خدام (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
xodâm (first-person predicative singular)
خداییم (first-person plural predicative)
xodâyim (first-person plural predicative)
خدایی (predicative second-person singular)
xodâyi (predicative second-person singular)
خدایید (plural predicative second-person)
xodâyid (plural predicative second-person)
خدایین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xodâyin (plural predicative second-person)
خداست (predicative singular third-person)
xodâst (predicative singular third-person)
خداس، خدائه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xodâs, xodâe (predicative singular third-person)
خدایند (plural predicative third-person)
xodâyand (plural predicative third-person)
خدان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xodân (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: xuda

→ Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)

→ Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)

→ Bengali: খোদা (khōda)

→ Chagatai: خدا

Uyghur: خۇدا (xuda)

Uzbek: xudo

⇒ Chinese:

→ Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)

→ Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà) (often Lanyin and Zhongyuan), 胡達／胡达 (Húdá) (Yinchuan, Xining, Ürümqi, and Sokuluk)

→ Crimean Tatar: quday

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)

→ Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)

→ Karakalpak: quday

→ Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)

→ Khakas: худай (xuday)

→ Khalaj: Xudâ

→ Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)

→ Kumyk: худай (xuday)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خدا

Turkish: hüda

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)

Shahmukhi script: خدا (xudā)

→ Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)

desc

→ Shor: қудай

→ Shor: қудай

→ Tatar: ходай (xoday)

→ Turkmen: hudaý

From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /xwadāy/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /mara/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).
Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).

cog

God (the singular divinity of monotheism)

(obsolete except as the second element of a compound) lord, patron, master, owner


چند

head

چند • (čand)

[t͡ʃʰän̪d̪̥]

[t͡ʃʰæn̪d̪̥]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭭𐭣 (čand), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₂-onts, from *kʷíh₂, neuter of *kʷís. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (cuuaṇt), Sanskrit कियत् (kiyat), Latin quantus.

inh+

از اینجا تا آنجا چند کیلومتر میشود؟ (more literary)
az injâ tâ ânjâ čand kilometr mi-šavad?

از اینجا تا اونجا چند کیلومتر میشه؟ (more colloquial)

How many kilometers is it from here to there?

استادانی چند آنجا نشستند. (more literary)
ostâdân-i čand ânjâ nešastand.

چند تا استاد اونجا نشستن. (more colloquial)


چند

head

چَند • (čand)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चन्द (cand), चंदा (candā)

Urdu: چند (čand), چندہ (čanda)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: çend

Central Kurdish: چەند (çend)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چند (çend)

→ Zazaki: çenday

[t͡ʃʰän̪d̪̥]

[t͡ʃʰæn̪d̪̥]


چاقو

→ Middle Bengali: চাকু (caku)

Bengali: চাকু (caku)

→ Burushaski: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Georgian:

→ Georgian: ჯაყვა (ǯaq̇va)

→ Georgian: ჩაქუჩი (čakuči)

→ Gujarati: ચાકુ (cāku)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकू (cākū), चाक़ू (cāqū)

Urdu: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Ishkashimi: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕು (cāku)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: चाकू (cākū)

Latin script: chaku

→ Maithili: cākū

Devanagari script: चाकू

Tirhuta script: 𑒔𑒰𑒏𑒴

→ Marathi: चाकू (cākū)

desc

→ Marwari: चकू (cakū), चक्कू (cakkū), चाकू (cākū)

→ Munji: [script needed] (čoqūwa)

→ Nepali: चक्कु (cakku)

→ Odia: ଚାକୁ (cāku)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਕੂ (cākū)

Shahmukhi script: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Marwari: चक्कू (cakkū)

→ Sarikoli: čōqы, čōqů

→ Semnani: čāqu

→ Shughni: čōqū, čōqūn

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: چاقُو

Devanagari script: चाकू

→ Telugu: చాకు (cāku)

→ Wakhi: čoqыw, čoqu

→ Yazghulami: čapqu, čapqů

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ʁuː]

From earlier چاکو (čākū) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ckwc /čakuč/, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”). Related to Ottoman Turkish چاقی (çakı).

der

این چاقو تیز است. (more literary)
in čâqu tiz ast.

این چاقو تیزه. (more colloquial)

این خانم به دلیل ضربات چاقو به قلباش جان داد.

2021, “شروع محاکمه مرد افغان در آلمان به اتهام قتل خانماش در یک بس”, in dw.com, Deutsche Welle:

this lady passed away due to knife stabbings to the heart.

in xânom be dalil-e zarabât-e čâqu be qalb-eš jân dâd.


طاس

Tajik: тос (tos)

→ Uzbek: tos

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (tās)

→ Bengali: তাস (taś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताश (tāś)

Urdu: تاش (tāś)

→ Kyrgyz: таз (taz)

→ Nepali: तास (tās)

→ Old East Slavic: тазъ (tazŭ) (via Turkic)

Belarusian: таз (taz)

Russian: таз (taz)

Ukrainian: таз (taz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طاس (tâs)

Turkish: tas

→ Albanian: tas

→ Bulgarian: тас (tas)

→ Greek: τάσι (tási)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тас

Latin script: tas

→ Romanian: tas

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਸ਼ (tāś), ਤਾਸ (tās)

Shahmukhi script: تاش (tāś)

→ Tatar: тас (tas), таз (taz)

→ Turkmen: таз

→ Uyghur: داس (das)

Borrowed from Arabic طاس (ṭās). Doublet of طشت (tašt), تشت (tašt).


طاس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tʾs /tās/, “die”).


مار

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭥 (mār), from Old Iranian *māra-. A derivation from *marθra- suffers from phonetic problems.


لا

(music) A, La (the sixth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) La (the sixth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the submediant)


تلفن

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تِلِفُن • (telefon) (plural تلفنها (telefon-hâ))

تِلِفُن (canonical)
telefon (romanization)
تلفنها (plural)

شُمارِهٔ تِلِفُن شُما چیسْت؟ (Iranian Persian, formal)


رسول

رسول • (rasul) (plural رسل (rosol) or رسولان (rasulân))

rasul (romanization)
رسل (plural)
رسولان (plural)


عکس

عَکس (canonical)
'aks (romanization)
عکسها (plural)

عکس چندان باید از یاران خوش
که شوی از بحر بیعکس آب کش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 566:

The reflexion (cast) from goodly friends is necessary
until you become, without (the aid of any) reflexion, a drawer of water from the Sea.

'aks čandān bayād az yārān-i xwaš
ki šawi az bahr bē-'aks āb-kaš


دوست‌دختر

دوستدختر (canonical)
dust-doxtar (romanization)


بودا

بودا • (budâ)

fa-noun

بودا • (budâ)


آلو

→ Azerbaijani: alı

→ Khalaj: âlu

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلو (âlû)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwk' /ālūg/, “plum, prune”). Ultimately a Wanderwort of unknown origin. Compare Proto-Turkic *erük (“plum, apricot”, whence Turkish erik (“plum”)), Nepali आरु (āru, “plum”), Ashkun arú (“plum”).

cog

whence Turkish <i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">erik</i> (“plum”)


آلو

Borrowed from Hindi आलु (ālu), from Sanskrit आलु (ālu). Doublet of Dari کچالو (kačālū).


شطرنج

head

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

fa-noun

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

شَطْرَنْج (canonical)
šatranj (romanization)

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃæt̪.ɹænd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj, “shatranj, chess”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).

der

بازیِ شَطْرَنْج


شیرگاه

head

شیرگاه • (širgâh)

Shirgah, an Iranian city in Savadkuh county, Mazandaran province, Iran.


اجمالی

fa-adj

اجمالی • (ejmâli)

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

Borrowed from Arabic verb أَجْمَلَ (ʔajmala) ('ajmala; to summarize).


بلاگ

belâg (romanization)
blâg (romanization)


برج

head

برج • (borj) (plural برجها (borj-hâ) or بروج)

borj (romanization)
برجها (plural)
بروج (plural)

→ Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

cog

برج آزادی


تمام

fa-adj

تمام • (tamâm) (comparative تمامتَر (tamâm-tar), superlative تمامتَرین (tamâm-tarin))

tamâm (romanization)
تمامتَر (comparative)
تمامتَرین (superlative)

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɔ́ːm]

[t̪ʰæ.mɒ́ːm]

کرد شیخ اسلام از کبر تمام / این برادر را چنین نصف القیام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3478:

In his complete arrogance the Shaykh of Islam [only] half rose [from his seat], in such a [careless] fashion, to [salute] his brother.

kard šayx-i-islām az kibr-i tamām / īn barādar-rā čunīn nisfa-l-qiyām


تمام

head

تَمام • (tamâm)

fa-noun

تَمام • (tamâm)

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɔ́ːm]

[t̪ʰæ.mɒ́ːm]

(with a following ezafe) all of; the whole


انگلیسی

head

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi) (plural انگلیسیها (englisi-hâ))

اِنْگْلیسی (canonical)
englisi (romanization)
انگلیسیها (plural)

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

نمیتونم خوب انگلیسی حرف بزنم.

کار، کار انگلیسیهاست.


انگلیسی

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi)

fa-noun

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi)

اِنْگْلیسی (canonical)
englisi (romanization)

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]


ملخ

→ Ottoman Turkish: ملخ

From Middle Persian *malax (written as Pazend 𐬨𐬀𐬮𐬀𐬐 (malak)), borrowed from Bactrian μαλαχο (malaxo), from Proto-Iranian *madaxa, itself probably related to Sanskrit मटची (maṭacī, “locust”). Compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬑𐬀 (maδaxa, “grasshopper”), Baluchi مدگ (madag), مذغ (maδaγ), Pashto ملخ (malax, “locust”), Old Armenian loanword մարախ (marax), Ossetian мӕтых (mætyx), Khwarezmian مثخ (mθx). The inherited Southwestern Iranian form is میگ (meyg) (> میگو (meygu, “shrimp, prawn”)); the wide phonetic variation in the word's relatives is induced by the taboo of the inauspicious locust.


بارود

head

بارود • (bârud)

fa-noun

بارود • (bârud)

→ Aramaic:

Syriac script: ܒܐܪܘܕ (bārūḏ).

→ Bengali: বারুদ (barud)

→ Hindi: बारूद (bārūd)

→ Nepali: बारूद (bārūd)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਰੂਦ (bārūd)

Shahmukhi script: بارود (bārūd)

→ Urdu: بارود (bārūd)

باروت باروت#Persian


باروت

head

باروت • (bârut)

fa-noun

باروت • (bârut)

→ Hindi: बारूत (bārūt)

→ Kurdish:

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: barût

desc

Central Kurdish: بارووت (barût), باڕووت (barrût)

Southern Kurdish: بارۊت (barüt)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਰੂਤ (bārūt)

→ Urdu: باروت (bārūt)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Persian بارود (bârud), from Arabic بارود (bārūd).


اختر

head

اَخْتَر • (axtar)

fa-noun

اَخْتَر • (axtar)

اَخْتَر (canonical)
axtar (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhtl /axtar/), an ancient backformation from [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾhtl /abāxtar/, “planet”), due to a mistaken folk etymology that the first element ab- was a negative suffix, since Zoroastrianism considers the planets to be nefarious "un-stars" due to their astronomically odd behavior.

inh

ای شهنشاه بلند اختر، خدا را همتی
تا ببوسم همچو اختر خاک ایوان شما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

O King of Kings of soaring fortune [the Beloved], for God's sake just a little grace,
So that I might kiss―as do the stars―the dust of your porch.

ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
tā bibōsam hamčū axtar xāk-i ēwān-i šumā

اختر نیک (literary)

باز این منم که از غم روی چو ماه تو
شب تا به صبح، دیدهٔ من پر ز اختر است

It is me again whose eyes, out of love-sorrow for your moon-like face,
Are full of starry tears from nightfall to dawn.

bâz in man-am ke az ğam-e ru-ye ču mâh-e to
šab tâ be sobh, dide-ye man por ze axtar ast


کمزور

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ (kamzor)

Shahmukhi script: کمزور (kamzor)


کمرا

head

کمرا • (kamrâ)

fa-noun

کمرا • (kamrâ)

Reborrowed from Aramaic קמרא (qamrā) / Classical Syriac ܩܡܪܐ (qamrā, “girdle”) – in spite of the sense "vault" not being attested in Aramaic, and notwithstanding the sound correspondence /q/ → /k/, which is like in کما (komâ, kamâ) –, itself from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭫𐭩 (kmly /kamar/, “girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”), the progenitor of کمر (kamar, “belt, arch”).

der

the string worn by the followers of Zoroaster


چاکر

head

چاکر • (čâker) (plural چاکرها (čâker-hâ))

→ Assamese: চাকৰ (sakor)

→ Bengali: চাকর (cakor)

→ Gujarati: ચાકર (cākar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकर (cākar)

Urdu: چاکر (cākar)

→ Malayalam: ചാക്കിരി (cākkiri)

→ Marathi: चाकर (cākar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاكر (çaker)

Turkish: çaker

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈkaɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ˈkʲeɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.kʰǽɾ]

Borrowed from Sogdian *čākar (“armed retainer of a lord”), a word attested in Chinese and Arabic transcriptions.

bor+

من چاکر آنم که دلی برباید
یا دل به کسی دهد که جان آساید
آن کس که نه عاشق و نه معشوق کسیست
در ملک خدای اگر نباشد شاید

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 74”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

I am the servant of he who snatches a heart away,
Or gives his heart to someone who soothes the soul;
The person who is neither someone's lover nor beloved
Is worthy of God's kingdom, should he not be there.

man čakar-i ān-am ki dilē birubāyad
yā dil ba kasē dihad ki jān āsāyad
ān kas ki na āšiq u na ma'šuq-i kasē-st
dar mulk-i xudāy agar na-bāšad šāyad


کنیا

head

کنیا • (kenyâ)

fa-proper noun

کنیا • (kenyâ)


کوی

desctree

→? Ottoman Turkish: كوی (köy), كوك (köğ), كوو (köv)
Turkish: köy
→ Crimean Tatar: köy

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwd /kōy/, “lane, street”), of unknown origin.


کمر

→ Armenian: քամար (kʻamar)

→ Azerbaijani: kəmər

→ Middle Bengali: কমর (komor)

Bengali: কোমর (kōmor)

desctree

→ Georgian: ქამარი (kamari)
→ Bats: ქამარ (kamar)

→ Gujarati: કમર (kamar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमर (kamar)

Urdu: کمر (kamar)

→ Kashmiri: کَمَر (kamar)

→ Khalaj: kamar

→ Malay: kamar

→ Marathi: कंबर (kambar)

→ Punjabi: ਕਮਰ (kamar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمر (kemer)
Turkish: kemer
→ Albanian: qemer
→ Armenian: քէմէր (kʻēmēr), ք^յա̈մա̈ր (kʻʸämär)
→ Bulgarian: кеме́р (kemér)
→ Greek: κεμέρι (keméri)
→ Romanian: chimír, chimér

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kml /kamar/, “waist, belt, girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”) from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂m-ér-e-ti, from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”) (see there for further cognates). Doublet of کمرا (kamrâ).


طلسم

head

طلسم • (telesm) (plural طلسمها (telesm-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic طِلَّسْم (ṭillasm).


پاکستان

پاکستان • (pâkestân)

fa-proper noun

پاکستان • (pâkestân)

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɒː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Urdu پَاکِسْتَان (pākistān), itself from پاک (pāk) + ـِستَان (-istān). By surface analysis, پاک + ـِسْتان.

affix

پاک (pāk) + ـِستَان (-istān)


قرمز

→ Urdu: قرمز (qirmizī)

PIE word
 *kwŕ̥mis
Borrowed from Arabic قِرْمِز (qirmiz), from Persian کرمست (*kermest), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš (“worm”), whence also the inherited doublet کرم (kerm, “worm”).

kermes insect (Kermes ilicis, an insect found on the kermes oak that is used to make crimson dyes)

قرمزی روز


تلسکوپ

head

تلسکوپ • (teleskop) (plural تلسکوپها (teleskop-hâ))

teleskop (romanization)
تلسکوپها (plural)


زندگی

zendegi (romanization)
زندگی (singular)
zendegí (singular)
زندگیها (plural)
zendegi-hấ (plural)
زندگیا (colloquial plural)
zendegiấ (plural)
زندگی را (definite direct-object singular)
zendegí râ (definite direct-object singular)
زندگی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
zendegí ro (definite direct-object singular)
زندگیها را (definite direct-object plural)
zendegi-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
زندگیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
zendegiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
زندگی (ezafe singular)
zendegí-ye (ezafe singular)
زندگیهای (ezafe plural)
zendegi-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زندگیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
zendegiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زندگی (definite relative singular)
زندگی (indefinite singular stressed)
zendegí (definite relative singular)
zendegí (indefinite singular stressed)
زندگیهایی (definite plural relative)
زندگیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
zendegi-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
zendegi-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
زندگیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
زندگیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
zendegiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
zendegiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
زندگیام (first-person possessive singular)
zendegí-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zendegím (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
zendegi-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیهام، زندگیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zendegiấm (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیات (possessive second-person singular)
zendegí-at (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zendegít (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
zendegi-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیهات، زندگیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zendegiất (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیاش (possessive singular third-person)
zendegí-aš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zendegíš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
zendegi-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیهاش، زندگیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zendegiấš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیمان (first-person plural possessive)
zendegíyemân (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zendegímun (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
zendegi-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیهامون، زندگیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zendegiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیتان (plural possessive second-person)
zendegíyetân (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zendegítun (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
zendegi-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیهاتون، زندگیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zendegiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیشان (plural possessive third-person)
zendegíyešân (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zendegíšun (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
zendegi-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیهاشون، زندگیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zendegiấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Tajik: зиндагӣ (zindagi)

→ Bengali: জিন্দেগী (jindegi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़िंदगी (zindagī)

Urdu: زِنْدَگی (zindagī)

→ Punjabi: زندگی (zindagī)

→ Tamil: ஜிந்தகி (jintaki)

→ Sindhi: زندگي (zindagī)

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

زن، زندگی، آزادی
zan, zendegi, âzâdi (Iranian Reading) zan, zindagī, āzādī (Dari Reading)
Woman, Life, Freedom


موقع

موقع • (mowqe') (plural موقعها (mowqe'-hâ) or مواقع (mavâqe'))

mowqe' (romanization)
موقعها (plural)
مواقع (plural)

→ Ahirani: मोका (mokā)

→ Assamese: মৌকা (mouka)

→ Bagheli: मोका (mokā)

→ Bengali: মওকা (moōka)

→ Dogri: mauqā

Devanagari script: मौक़ा

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠶𑠊𑠺𑠬

→ Gojri: موقعو (moqo)

→ Gujarati: મોકો (moko)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौक़ा (mauqā)

desctree

Urdu: مَوقَع (mauqā)
→ Phalura:
Latin script: mooqá
Arabic script: موقع

{{desc|mai|-|bor=1} mōkā}

Devanagari script: मोका

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒼𑒏𑒰

→ Malvi: मोको (moko)

→ Marathi: मोका (mokā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मौको (mauko), मौकौ (maukau)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅔 (muko), 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅒 (muku)

→ Odia: ମୋକା (mokā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਕ਼ਾ (mauqā)

Shahmukhi script: مَوقَع (mauqaʻ)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَوْقو

Devanagari script: मोक़ओ

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋧𑊺𑋩𑊸 (moqao)

→ Varhadi: मोक्का (mokkā)

موقع دیگر

برخی مواقع ― barxi mavâqe' ― sometimes

به موقعاش
be mowqe'-aš
at the appropriate time
(literally, “at its time”)

سال دیگر این موقع میگویید کاش امروز شروع کرده بودید

This time next year you will say I wish I had started today.

sâl-e digar in mowqe' mi-guyid kâš emruz šoru' karde budid.

بعضی موقعها همه چی هست به جز اونیکه باید باشه

2021, Amir Tataloo (lyrics and music), “من باهات قهرم”:

Sometimes there's everything except what there needs to be

ba'zi mowqe'-hâ hame či hast be joz uni ke bâyad bâše


شیشه

head

شیشه • (šiše)

fa-noun

شیشه • (šiše)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)

Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)

→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)
→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)

Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)

Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)

→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)

→ Turkic:

Southern Altai: шише (šiše)

Azerbaijani: şüşə

Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)

Kazakh: шиша (şişa)

Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)

Nogai: сисе (sise)

Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)

→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: şişe
→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)
→ Albanian: shishe
→ Crimean Tatar: şişe
→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)
→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)
→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)
→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah
→ German: Schischa, Shisha
→ Low German: Schischa
→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)

Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)

Uzbek: shisha

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”), seemingly from *šīš (compare Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”), an Iranian borrowing) + common suffix -ag, probably ultimately from Semitic. Compare Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”), Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”), Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”).

cog

وی شیشه را شکست.

اون شیشه رو شکست.

شِیشهٔ دِلَم، اَی خُدا، زیرِ سَنگ آمَده.
šīša-yi dilam, ay xudā, zēr-i sang āmada.
The glass of my heart, o God, comes under the stone.
(Dari, literary)

گفت احول ز ان دو شیشه من کدام
پیش تو آرم بکن شرح تمام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 328:

Said the squint-eyed one: “Which of the two bottles shall I bring to you? Explain fully.”

guft ahwal z-ān du šīša man kudām
pēš-i tu āram bikun šarh-i tamām


شیخ

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شیخ • (šeyx)

fa-noun

شیخ • (šeyx)

→ Azerbaijani: şeyx

→ Kholosi: šēx

→ Urdu: شیخ (śaix)


ژ

head

ژ / ژ / ﮋ / ﮋ

ژ / ژ / ﮋ / ﮋ • (že)

The fourteenth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ز and followed by س. Its name is ژه or ژِ.


چهارشنبه

چهارشنبه • (čahâršanbe)

fa-noun

چهارشنبه • (čahâršanbe)

→ Azerbaijani: çərşənbə

→ Bashkir: шаршамбы (şarşambı)

→ Gujarati: ચારશંબા (cārśambā)

→ Kazakh: сәрсенбі (särsenbı)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چهارشنبه, չարշամպա (çarşamba), չարշանպա (çarşanba /çarşamba/) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: çarşamba

desc

→ Tatar: чәршәмбе (çärşämbe)

→ Tatar: чәршәмбе (çärşämbe)

Uzbek: chorshanba

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰɔːɔːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɦɒːɹ.ʃæm.bé]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɔɾ.ʃäm.bé]

From چهار (čahâr) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “four (days after) Saturday”.


سه‌شنبه

سهشنبه (canonical)
se-šanbe (romanization)

→ Bashkir: шишәмбе (şişəmbe)

→ Gujarati: સેશંબા (seśambā)

→ Kazakh: сейсенбі (seisenbı)

→ Northern Kurdish: sêşemî

→ Kyrgyz: шейшемби (şeyşembi)

→ Tatar: сишәмбе (sişämbe)

→ Uzbek: seshanba

→ Zazaki: sêşeme

From سه (se) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “three (days after) Saturday”.


یک‌شنبه

یکشنبه (canonical)
yek-šanbe (romanization)

→ Bashkir: йәкшәмбе (yəkşəmbe)

→ Gujarati: યકશંબા (yakśambā)

→ Kazakh: жексенбі (jeksenbı)

→ Northern Kurdish: yekşem

→ Kyrgyz: жекшемби (jekşembi)

→ Tatar: якшәмбе (yakşämbe)

→ Uzbek: yakshanba

→ Zazaki: yekşem

یک (yek) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “one (day after) Saturday”. From Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫏𐫞𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫤 (yqšmbt /yakšambat/, “Sunday”)


پنج‌شنبه

پنجشنبه (canonical)
panj-šanbe (romanization)

Tajik: панҷшанбе (panjšanbe)

→ Gujarati: પંજશંબા (pañjśambā)

→ Kazakh: бейсенбі (beisenbı)

→ Kurdish:

desc

Central Kurdish: پێنجشەم (pêncşem), پێنجشەمە (pêncşeme)

Northern Kurdish: pêncşemb f, pêncşem f

→ Kyrgyz: бейшемби (beyşembi)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرشنبه, پنجشنبه (pençşembe)
Turkish: perşembe

desc

زیارت/پینځنۍ

→ Pashto: زیارت/پینځنۍ (Zyarat/Pindzanai)

→ Tatar: пәнҗешәмбе (pänceşämbe)

→ Turkmen: penşenbe

پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ<g:m>

→ Urdu: پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ m (pañj śamba)

→ Urdu: پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ m (pañj śamba)

→ Uyghur: پەيشەنبە (peyshenbe)

→ Uzbek: payshanba

→ Zazaki: pojşeme

From پنج (panj, literally “five”) + شنبه (šanbe, literally “Saturday”), literally “five (days after) Saturday”.


دوشنبه

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دوشنبه • (došanbe)

fa-noun

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

→ Azerbaijani: düşənbə

→ Bashkir: дүшәмбе (düşəmbe)

→ Gujarati: દુશંબા (duśambā)

→ Karakalpak: дүйшемби

→ Kazakh: дүйсенбі (düisenbı)

desc

→ Kyrgyz: дүйшөмбү (düyşömbü)

→ Kyrgyz: дүйшөмбү (düyşömbü)

→ Nogai: дуьйсемби (düysembi)

→ Tatar: дүшәмбе (düşämbe)

→ Turkmen: duşenbe

→ Ushojo: دوشمبی (dōšambī)

→ Uyghur: دۈشەنبە (düshenbe)

→ Uzbek: dushanba

دو (do) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “two (days after) Saturday”. From Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫎 (dwšmbṯ /dōšambat/, “Monday”). The name of the city derives from the large bazaar that occurred on Mondays in the area.


دوشنبه

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دوشنبه • (došanbe)

fa-proper noun

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


آدینه

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آدینه • (âdine) (plural آدینهها (âdine-hâ))

→ Gujarati: આદીના (ādīnā)

Judeo-Persian: (*δ > *z)

→ Judeo-Persian: אזינא (/ezénā/) (Hamadani dialect)

→ Judeo-Persian: [Term?] (/ẓené/) (Isfahani dialect)

Kermanic: (*δ > *y)

→ Abuzeydabadi: آینه (aynä)

→ Ardestani: آنه (ānne)

→ Pashto: آدينه (ādiná)

Tatic:

→ Central Tati: آرنه (ārna)

→ Karingani: اینا (aynā)

Turkic:

Oghur:

desctree

→ Bulgar: ايرنى (êrne)
Chuvash: эрне (erne)
→ Eastern Mari: арня (arńa)
→ Western Mari: ӓрня (ärńa)
→ Udmurt: арня (arńa)

Common Turkic:

→ Tatar: атна (atna)

→ Bashkir: аҙна (aźna)

→ Turkmen: anna

→ Uyghur: ئازنا (azna)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾdynk' /ādēnag ~ āyēnag/) (in Pazand texts mentioned as 𐬁𐬛𐬉𐬥𐬀 (ādēna) and 𐬁𐬜𐬉𐬥𐬀 (āδēna)) perhaps from Parthian. Akin to Manichean Sogdian 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫆 (ʾʾδynʾẖ /āδēnē/), 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫏 (ʾʾδyny /āδēnē/, “Friday”) and Khwarezmian آذینک (ʾδynk /āδēnē/, “Friday”).

cog

Sogdian 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫆 (ʾʾδynʾẖ /āδēnē/)


شنبه

šanbe (romanization)
šanbeh (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: şənbə

→ Bashkir: шәмбе (şəmbe)

→ Gujarati: શંબા (śambā)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: شهمه (šama)

Northern Kurdish: şembî (šambī)

Southern Kurdish: شهمه (šama)

→ Judeo-Persian: שמבד (šambad)

→ Kazakh: сенбі (senbı)

→ Kyrgyz: ишемби (işembi)

→ Tatar: шимбә (şimbä)

→ Uyghur: شەنبە (shenbe)

→ Uzbek: shanba

→ Zazaki: şeme (šama)

desc

خالي/پیلۍ/ونۍ/یونۍ/پیلنۍ

→ Pashto: خالي/پیلۍ/ونۍ/یونۍ/پیلنۍ (Khali/Pilai/Wanai/Yawanai/Pilanai)

From earlier form شنبذ (šambað) from late Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫅 (šmbd /šambad/) from early Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫎 (šmbṯ /šambat/, “Sabbath, Saturday”) (akin to Manichaean Parthian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫤 (šmbt /šambat/, “Sabbath, Saturday”)), ultimately from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”), itself possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the month”). Akin to Aghwan 𐕐𐔰𐕌𐔱𐔰𐕜 (šambaṭ), an Iranian borrowing.

der

شنبه آنجا که قسم شنبه بود
وآن دگرها چنان کز آن به بود

1197, Hakīm Nizāmī Ganjawī, chapter 25, in هفت پیکر [Haft Paykar]:

On Saturday the place prescribed for it
And on the other days as it was meet

šanbih ān-jā ki qism-i šanbih būd
w-ān digar-hā čunān k-az ān bih būd


صبح

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुबह (subah)

Urdu: صبح (subh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੁਬ੍ਹਾ (subhā)

Shahmukhi script: صُبْح (ṣubḥ)

→ Mazanderani: صوی (sevi)


או

נכרדה או וֿפֿא בא אהל דווראן
שכסתה צד הזאראן עהד ופיימאן

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

She has never been faithful to people of the world,
Breaking countless promises and pacts.

na-karde u vafâ bâ ahl-e dowrân
šekaste sad hezârân ahd o peymân


מן

צֿנאן גשתה וֿגִודש פיש מן כֿאר
כה פנדארם כם אז כלבסת צד באר

His existence for me has become so base
That I view him infinitely lower than a dog.

čenin gašte vojud-aš piš-e man xâr
ke pendâram kam az kalb ast sad bâr


خلیفه

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خلیفه • (xalife) (plural خلفا (xolafâ) or خلیفهها (xalife-hâ))

xalife (romanization)
خلفا (plural)
خلیفهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लीफ़ा (xalīfā)

desctree

Urdu: خلیفہ (xalīfa)
→ Telugu: ఖలీఫా (khalīphā)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: خَلِیفَہ (xalīfa)

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਲੀਫ਼ਾ (xalīfā)

→ Sindhi: خليفو (xalīfo)