پهلوی

Middle Persian
New Persian
Parthian language

From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /pahlawīg/, “Parthian”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/, “Parthia”).
In the time of the Islamic conquest, Pahlawīg referred specifically to the Parthian language, as opposed to Pārsīg, literary Middle Persian, and Darīg, the vernacular descendant of Pārsīg which would become New Persian. But with the revival of Persian literature in the tenth century, both پارسی (pārsī) and دری (darī) came to refer to the same New Persian language written in Arabic script. As a result, Middle Persian was now also called پهلوی (pahlawī), which came to mean "pre-Islamic language of Iran". In practice, this usually refers to Middle Persian if without any further specification.
پهلو (pahlaw, literally “Parthian (person)”) was also affected by this semantic shift, so that by surface analysis, the word is now پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i): the language of the pre-Islamic heroes.

inh

خط پهلوی

نبشت او بران نامهٔ خسروی
نبود آن زمان خط جز پهلوی

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He wrote an imperial book on it;
In those times, there was no script except for Pahlavi.

nibišt ō bar-ān nāma-yi xusrawī
na-būd ān zamān xatt juz pahlawī

the Pahlavi scripts, in which Middle Persian was written

مثنوی معنوی مولوی هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی.
masnavi-ye ma'navi-ye mowlavi hast qor'ân dar zabân-e pahlavi.
Rumi's Spiritual Masnavi is the Quran in the Persian tongue.
(a couplet attributed to the fifteenth-century poet Jami)

گر هندیم ولیکن دارم بزور قدرت
با پهلوی زبانان دعوی پهلوانی

Even if I am Indian, I have, by force of talent,
A claim to championship among those of Persian tongue.

gar hindī-am walēkin dāram ba zōr-i qudrat
bā pahlawī zabānān da'wā-yi pahlawānī

(obsolete, poetic, higher register) the New Persian language (emphasizing the language's prestigious history)

ادبیات پهلوی ― adabiyat-e pahlavi ― Middle Persian literature

کلیله به تازی شد از پهلوی
بدین سان که اکنون همیبشنوی

The Kalīla was translated from Middle Persian to Arabic,
It is in this way that you hear it [recited] today.

kalīla ba tāzī šud az pahlawī
bad-īn sān ki aknūn hamē-bišnawī

the Parthian language; usually پهلوی اشکانی (pahlavi-e aškâni, “Arsacid Pahlavi”) for disambiguation.

پهلوی اشکانی
پهلوی اشکانی#Persian

مردمش سفیدچهره و ترکوش میباشند و بیشتر بر مذهب حنفی میباشند و زبانشان پهلوی معرب است

c. 1340, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī, نزهةالقلوب [Nuzhat al-Qulub]:

Its people are white-faced and resemble Turks, and most of them are of the Hanafi rite, and their language is an Arabized Northwestern Iranian. (The language described is Old Azeri.)

mardum-aš safēd-čihra u turk-waš mē-bašand u bēštar bar mazhab-i hanafī mē-bašand u zabān-išān pahlawī-yi mu'arrab ast.

(obsolete) Alternative form of فهلوی (fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”).

فهلوی فهلوی#Persian

فهلوی

رضا شاه پهلوی ― rezâ šâh-e pahlavi ― Reza Shah Pahlavi

a surname, Pahlavi: the surname of the last shahs of Iran


پهلوی

چو نزدیکی شهر ایران رسید
همه جامهٔ پهلوی بردرید

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Siyāwush”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

When they arrived near the realm of Iran,
They tore asunder all their pahlawī robes.

ču nazdīkī-yi šahr-i ērān rasīd
hama jāma-yi pahlawī bardarīd

(archaic) ancient, pre-Islamic; of or relating to the age of the Iranian heroes before Islam


عام

fa-adj

عامّ • ('âmm)


بدهی

دادن دادن#Persian

second-person singular present subjunctive of دادن (dâdan)


بدهی

head

بدهی • (bedehi) (plural بدهیها (bedehi-hâ))


مرض

مرض • (maraz) (plural امراض (amrâz) or مرضها (maraz-hâ))

maraz (romanization)
امراض (plural)
مرضها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मरज़ (marz)

Urdu: مَرض (marz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਜ਼ (maraz)

Shahmukhi script: مرض (maraz)


آمیریان

آمیریان • (âmiryân)

fa-noun

آمیریان • (âmiryân)

[ʔɑː.miːɾ.ˈjɑːn]

[ʔɑː.miːɾ.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.miːɾ.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.miːɾ.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.miːɹ.jɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Armenian Ամիրյան (Amiryan).


جل

→ Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)


معافی

head

معافی • (mo'âfi)

fa-noun

معافی • (mo'âfi)

→ Punjabi: معافی (mu'āfī, māfī)

→ Urdu: معافی (mu'āfī, māfī)

From Arabic مُعَاف (muʕāf), from root ع ف و (ʕ f w).


گردش

From گرد (gard, “to turn”, present stem) + ـش (-eš).

af

گردش به چپ ممنوع
gardeš be čap mamnu'
no left turn
(literally, “turn to left forbidden”)

گردشِ زمین به دورِ خورشید

در گردش

دستگاه گردش خون


جاز

مصنوعاتی که موادّ خامشان – همانها که برشمردم – از همین سوی عالم رفته. یعنی از ممالک در حال رشد! نفت از سواحل خلیج، کنف و ادویه از هند، جاز از افریقا، ابریشم و تریاک از چین، مردمشناسی از جزایر اقیانوسیه جامعهشناسی از افریقا.

1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غربزدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:

The manufactured goods whose raw materials - the very ones that I have enumerated - have come from this very part of the world. That is to say, from the developing countries! Petroleum from the Gulf coast, hemp and spices from India, jazz from Africa, silk and opium from China, anthropology from the islands of Oceania, sociology from Africa.

masnu'âti ke mavâdd-e xâm-ešân - hamân-hâ ke baršomordam - az hamin su-ye âlam rafte. ya'ni az mamâlek-e dar hâl-e rošd! naft az savâhel-e xalij, kanaf o adviye az hend, jâz az afriqâ, abrišam o teryâk az čin, mardom-šenâsi az jazâyer-e oqyânusiye, jâme'e-šenâsi az afriqâ.


هوشنگ

head

هوشنگ • (hušang)

fa-proper noun

هوشنگ • (hušang)

→ Azerbaijani: Huşəng

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: होशंग (hośaṅg)

Urdu: ہوشَنْگ (hośaṅg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هوشَنْك (Hûşenk)

[huː.ʃæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian hwšng (Hōšang), from Old Iranian. Akin to Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (haošiiaŋha, “Haoshyangha”).

cog

a male given name, Hushang, Houshang, Hooshang, or Hoshang, from Middle Persian


عرض

Borrowed from Arabic عَرْض (ʕarḍ, “breadth, width”).

bor+

Coordinate term: طول (tul)

Coordinate term: طول (tul)


عرض

→ Bengali: আরজ (aroj)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਰਜ਼ (arz)

Shahmukhi script: عرض (ʻrẓ)


عرض

عَرَض (canonical)
'araz (romanization)
اَعراض (plural)

Coordinate term: جوهر (jowhar)

(philosophy) accident, form (as opposed to substance)


کنجد

konjed (romanization)
konjod (romanization)

Tajik: кунҷид (kunjid)

→ Azerbaijani: küncüd

→ Georgian: ქუნჯუტი (kunǯuṭi)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنجد (küncüd), كنجده (küncüde)

> Turkish: küncü, künci, küncüt (inherited) (dialectal)

→ Turkmen: künji

→ Uyghur: كۈنجۈت (künjüt)

→ Uzbek: kunjut

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠMg) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwncyt' /kunjid/, “sesame”), from Proto-Iranian *kunčit. Compare Old Armenian կնճիթ (knčitʻ), Armenian քունջութ (kʻunǰutʻ) and Georgian ქუნჯუტი (kunǯuṭi).


پیشوند

head

پیشوند • (pêšvand)

fa-noun

پیشوند • (pêšvand)


آوند

head

آوند • (âvand) (plural آوندها (âvand-hâ))

[ʔɑː.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʔɔː.wǽn̪d̪̥]

[ʔɒː.vǽn̪d̪̥]


تشکیلات

تشکیلات • (taškilât) (plural تشکیلاتها (taškilât-hâ))

taškilât (romanization)
تشکیلاتها (plural)

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲiː.lɒːt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic تَشْكِيلَات (taškīlāt)․


تشکیلات

head

تشکیلات • (taškilât)

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰäʃ.kʰiː.lɑːt̪]

[t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲiː.lɒːt̪]

تشکیل تشکیل#Persian


شباهنگام

شباهنگام • (šabâhengâm)

* شب + ا + هنگام

lang

شب + ا + هنگام

شب + ا + هنگام

ترا من چشم در راهم. شباهنگام،

که میگیرند در شاخِ «تلاجن» سایهها رنگِ سیاهی

وزآن دلخستگانت راست اندوهی فراهم

شباهنگام. در آن دم که بر جا درهها چون مرده ماران خفتگانند

در آن نوبت که بندد دستِ نیلوفر به پایِ سروِ کوهی دام

گَرَم یاد آوری یا نه

من از یادت نمیکاهم

ترا من چشم در راهم.
―Nima Yooshij; Shahram Nazeri


خوارزم

head

خوارزم • (xwârazm)

fa-proper noun

خوارزم • (xwârazm)

→ Arabic: خَوَارِزْم (ḵawārizm)

→ Armenian: Խորեզմ (Xorezm)

→ Azerbaijani: Xarəzm

→ English: Khwarazm

→ Kazakh: Хорезм (Xorezm)

→ Russian: Хоре́зм (Xorézm)

→ Turkish: Harezm

→ Turkmen: Horezm

→ Uzbek: Xorazm

From Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰuvārazmī-/). More at Khwarazm.

der

خیزید و خز آرید که هنگام خزان است
باد خنک از جانب خوارزم وزان است
xêzêd u xaz ârêd ki hangâm-i xazân ast

bâd-i xunak az jânib-i xwârazm vazân ast


به‌آفرید

بهآفرید (canonical)
beh-âfarid (romanization)

[be̞ɦ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]

[be̞ɦ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]

[bɪ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]

[beɦ.ʔɒː.fæ.ɹíːd̪̥]

a male or female given name, Behafarid or Behaafarid, from Middle Persian

Behafarid, an 8th-century Zoroastrian who started a religious peasant revolt


مله

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) swimming


نیلوفر

head

نیلوفر • (nilufar) (plural نیلوفرها (nilufar-hâ))

nilufar (romanization)
نیلوفرها (plural)

desc

Tajik: нелӯфар (nelüfar), нилуфар (nilufar)

→ Azerbaijani: nilufər / نیلوفر

→ Bengali: নীলুফার (niluphar), নীলূফার (niluphar), নিলুফার (niluphar), নিলূফার (niluphar)

→ Gujarati: નીલોફર (nīlophar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नीलोफ़र (nīlōfar)

Urdu: نیلوفر (nīlōfar)

→ Odia: ନିଲୋଫର (nilōphårå)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੀਲੋਫ਼ਰ (nīlōfar)

Shahmukhi script: نیلوفر (nīlōfar)

Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: nîlûfer, nîlufer

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لولوفر (lülüfer), نیلوفر (nilüfer), لوفر (lufar), نیلوپر (niluper), نیلوبرگ (niluberg)
Turkish: lüfer
→ Bulgarian: лефе́р (lefér)

> Turkish: nilüfer (inherited)

→ Crimean Tatar: nilüfer

→ Uzbek: nilufar

From Middle Persian nylw(k)pl (nīlōpal, “lotus, water-lily”), ultimately from Sanskrit नीलोत्पल (nīlotpala, “blue lotus”).

uder

از وی ترنج و نارنج و نیشکر و نیلوفر خیزد.

Bergamot orange, bitter orange, sugarcanes, and Ipomoea grow over there [Balkh].

az vey toranj o nârenj o neyšekar o nilufar xizad.


نیلوفر

a female given name, Nilufar or Niloofar, from Middle Persian


پرتگالی

head

پرتگالی • (purtağâlî)

fa-proper noun

پرتگالی • (purtağâlî)

[pʰʊɾ.t̪ʰä.ɡɑː.liː]

From پرتگال.


فطرت

→ Gujarati: ફિતરત (phitrat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ितरत (fitrat)

Urdu: فطرت

nature, the innate characteristics of a thing.


مفت

→ Azerbaijani: müftə

→ Bengali: মুফত (muphot)

→ Gujarati: મફત (maphat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुफ़्त (muft)

Urdu: مفت (muft)

→ Marathi: मोफत (mophat)

Ottoman Turkish: مفت (müft)

Turkish: müft

→ Bulgarian: муфта (mufta)

→ Romanian: moft

→ Serbo-Croatian: mȕktē / му̏кте̄

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਫ਼ਤ (mufat)

Shahmukhi script: مُفت (muft)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *muktás, from Proto-Indo-European *muk-tó-s (“released, discharged”), from *(s)mewk- (“to free, escape”). Compare Sanskrit मुक्त (mukta) or मोक्ष् (mokṣ).

inh

حرف مفت
حرف مفت#Persian

(offensive) gibberish
example: حرف مفت (harf-e moft)


بیش‌تر

بیشتر (canonical)
biš-tar (romanization)

بیشتر بیشتر#Persian


بهافرید

بهآفرید بهآفرید#Persian


ـها

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧𐭠 (-īhā).

inh+

a suffix forming the plural of a noun; used for most nouns in colloquial language and inanimate nouns in formal language


فرهاد

head

فرهاد • (farhâd)

fa-proper noun

فرهاد • (farhâd)

Azerbaijani: Fərhad

Bengali: ফরহাদ (fôrhad)

Turkish: Ferhat

Uyghur: پەرھات (perhat)

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fä.ɾɔ́ːd̪̥]

[fæɹ.hɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Parthian [script needed] (prht /frahāt/), itself from Old Iranian *frahāta- (literally “gained, earned”). Compare Old Armenian Հրահատ (Hrahat), Classical Syriac ܐܦܪܗܛ ('prht), Ancient Greek Ἀφραάτης (Aphraátēs), Φραάτης (Phraátēs) (from which Phraātēs), Φραδάτης (Phradátēs), Iranian borrowings.

der

(Iranian mythology) the unrequited lover of the princess Shirin in the medieval romance Khosrow and Shirin


ویران

fa-adj

ویران • (virân)

→ Azerbaijani: viran

→ Middle Bengali: অইরান (oiran)

Bengali: বিরান (biran)

desc

→ Gujarati: વીરાન (vīrān), વેરાન (verān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वीरान (vīrān)

Urdu: ویران (vīrān)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ویران (viran)

Turkish: viran

→ Romanian: viran

→ Punjabi: ویران (vīrān)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwylʾn' /awērān/). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭍 (ʾwyrn, “ruin, destruction”) and akin to Old Armenian աւեր (awer), աւերանք (awerankʻ), աւերակ (awerak).

cog

خانه از پای بند ویران است
خواجه در بند نقش ایوان است
xāna az pāy-band wayrān ast
xwāja dar band-i naqš-i aywān ast
The house is ruined from the foundation

1210–1292, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 6, story 1;http://ganjoor.net/saadi/golestan/gbab6/sh1/ Persian proverb

Khajah is bounded by the design on the iwan


سرحد

head

سرحد • (sarhadd) (plural سرحدات (sarhaddât))

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: سرحد (särhad)

Azerbaijani: sərhəd

Ottoman Turkish: سرحد (serhat)

Turkish: serhat, Serhat

→ Romanian: serhat

→ Turkmen: serhet

→ Zazaki: serhed

→ Uzbek: sarhad

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरहद (sarhad)

Urdu: سرحد (sarhad)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਰਹੱਦ (sarhadda)

Shahmukhi script: سرحد (sarhad)


اصغر

اصغر • (asğar)

fa-proper noun

اصغر • (asğar)


حسین

Borrowed from Arabic حُسَيْن (ḥusayn), from the root ح س ن (ḥ-s-n).

(Islam) Husayn, a son of Ali and brother of Hasan; a martyr, and Shi'a Imam.

a male given name, Hoseyn, Hosein, or Hossein, from Arabic


ـی

From Middle Persian Y (ī), from Proto-Iranian *Hyáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *yós (relative pronoun).


ـی

head

ـی • (-ī／-i)

From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/), itself from Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-ikah) (see there for further origin). Cognates include Northern Kurdish -î, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) which however does merge with this suffix exclusively in some Arabic loanwords. See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form. For a few examples in which the final 'g' phoneme in the Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/) suffix is not lost during the transition from Middle to New Persian, and instead transformed to a 'k' phoneme, refer to تاریک (tārīk, “dark”), باریک (bārīk, “thin, narrow, delicate”), تازیک (tāzīk, “Arab”) and نزدیک (nazdīk, “near”).

خورشید (xoršīd, “sun”) + ـی → خورشیدی (xoršīdī, “solar”)

پارس (pārs, “Pars / Fars”) + ـی → پارسی (pārsī, “Persian”)

Forms nouns or adjectives from nouns.
of or pertaining to

تهران (tehrān, “Tehran”) + ـی → تهرانی (tehrānī, “Tehrani”)

Forms nouns or adjectives from nouns.
one from or belonging to

خیاط (xayyāt, “tailor”) + ـی → خیاطی (xayyātī, “tailoring; tailor shop”)

forms the word for a profession, and the place it is practiced, from the word for the person who practice it

خوردن (xordan, “to eat”) + ـی → خوردنی (xordanī, “edible”)

رفتن (raftan, “to go”) + ـی → رفتنی (raftanī, “destined to leave”)

able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to


ـی

ـی • (-ī／-i)

→ Hindustani: -ī

Hindi: -ई (-ī)

Urdu: ـی (-ī)

بزرگ (bozorg, “big”) + ـی → بزرگی (bozorgi, “bigness”)

شیرین (širin, “sweet”) + ـی → شیرینی (širini, “sweetness”)

جوان (javân, “young”) + ـی → جوانی (javâni, “youth”)


ـی

ـی • (-ē／-i)

From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /ē(w)/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).

a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language

ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.
The building where Ali lives is big.
Contrast with:

آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.

ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.

marks a noun phrase attributed by a subordinate clause as restrictive


سرکار

سَرْکَار • (sarkâr) (plural سرکارها (sarkâr-hâ))

سَرْکَار (canonical)
sarkâr (romanization)
سرکارها (plural)

→ Assamese: চৰকাৰ (sorkar)

→ Bengali: সরকার (śorkar)

→ Gujarati: સરકાર (sarkār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरकार (sarkār)

Urdu: سَرْکَار (sarkār)

→ Baluchi: سرکار (sarkār)

→ Kannada: ಸರ್ಕಾರ (sarkāra)

→ Marathi: सरकार (sarkār)

→ Nepali: सरकार (sarkār)

→ Punjabi: ਸਰਕਾਰ (sarkār)

→ Tamil: சர்க்கார் (carkkār)

→ Malayalam: സർക്കാർ (saṟkkāṟ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سركار (serkâr)

→ Swahili: serikali (via Arabic)

→ Luhya: eserikali

[säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.kʰɔ́ːɾ]

[sæɹ.kʰɒ́ːɹ]

From سر (sar, “head”) + ـکار (-kâr, “work, business”); or from سرکارگر (sarkârgar).

af

supervisor, superintendent, overseer, employer, taskmaster

polite form of address for someone of authority (male)


جم

جمشید جمشید#Persian

a diminutive, Jam, of the male given name جمشید (jamšid)


حکمت

ای در رخ تو پیدا انوار پادشاهی
در فکرت تو پنهان صد حکمت الهی

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 489”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

O you whose cheeks gleam with the light of an emperor,
A hundred divine mysteries are hidden in your thoughts.

ay dar rux-i tū paydā anwār-i pādišāhī
dar fikrat-i tū pinhān sad hikmat-i ilāhī

حکمت ارسطو

حکمت اشراق

the philosophy of Illumination; Illuminationism

فلسفه فلسفه#Persian

(historical or Islam) philosophy, theosophy, metaphysics; traditionally a broader and more Islamic category than فلسفه (falsafe), which referred only to Hellenistic philosophy.

(often in the plural) word of wisdom; sage advice


سنان

head

سنان • (senân)

fa-noun

سنان • (senân)

spearhead, the iron on a lance or javelin or other weapon


اوسن

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) pregnant


کیچه

/kʰiːˈt͡ʃʰe/

/kʰiːˈt͡ʃʰæ/

(dialectal, Bushehr, Alamarvdasht, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) alley


سوداگر

head

سوداگر • (sowdâgar) (plural سوداگران (sowdâgarân) or سوداگرها (sowdâgar-hâ))

sowdâgar (romanization)
سوداگران (plural)
سوداگرها (plural)

→ Bengali: সওদাগর (śoōdagor)

→ Kazakh: саудагер (saudager)

→ Kyrgyz: соодагер (soodager)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सौदागर (saudāgar)

Urdu: سوداگر (saudāgar)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sudagar
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢꦒꦂ (sudagar, “merchant, trader”)
→ Indonesian: sudagar (“merchant, trader”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوداگر (sevdâger)

→ Uzbek: savdogar / савдогар (savdogar)

→ Uyghur: سودىگەر (sodiger)

→ Malay: saudagar

Indonesian: saudagar

→ Turkmen: söwdagär

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɔː.ɡǽɾ]


بوا

buâ (romanization)
bwâ (romanization)
bowâ (romanization)

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) father, dad, daddy

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) grandfather


تور

From a Turkic language, from Common Turkic *tor. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tor, “net”), Southern Altai тор (tor, “net”), Azerbaijani tor (“net”).


تور

towar (romanization)
tavar (romanization)


آرت

From the standard form آرد (ârd), see there for further information.

آرتِ گندم که یَتا زَرُّک جوشید، یَتا دوتا هُشُک سرکه بیریزد توش.
-ârt-e gandom ke yatâ zarrok jušid, yatâ dotâ hošok serke birized tuš.


رفدن

(dialectal, Isfahan) to pass away, to die


رفدن

head

رفدن • (rofdan) (present stem روب (rub))

rofdan (romanization)
روب (present stem)


نهاز

نهاز • (nehâz)

fa-noun

نهاز • (nehâz)


نهاز

head

نهاز • (nohâz)

fa-noun

نهاز • (nohâz)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nwh'ck' /nōhāzag/), from Proto-Iranian *Hajáh. Akin to Old Armenian նոխազ (noxaz), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

he-goat, with spreading horns and long legs, that leads the flock


گربسن

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to cry

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to weep


ترسن

head

ترسن • (taresan) (present stem تر (tar))

taresan (romanization)
تر (present stem)

(auxiliary, dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) to be able; can


رژ لب

Partial calque of French rouge à lèvres.


کدم

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Shiraz) alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


گاب

آبم است و گابم است نوبت آسیابم است.

It's my water and it's my cow, it's my turn at the mill.


دوشتن

دوشتن • (duštan) (present stem دوش (duš))

duštan (romanization)
دوش (present stem)

(dialectal, Rochan, Baft County, Kerman Province, transitive) to milk (a cow, etc)

Baft County; Kerman Province; Baft County; Kerman Province


یتا

یتا • (yatâ)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

یکتا یکتا#Persian


یتا

head

یتا • (yatâ)

یکتا یکتا#Persian


نگار

نگار • (negâr)

نگاشتن نگاشتن#Persian


نگار

نگار • (negâr)

fa-noun

نگار • (negâr)

با توام در دوستیها اعتقاد دیگرست
گرچه بس عاشق شدم بر هر نگار سیم تن

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 82:

I have a different sort of confidence in my love with you,
Though I have oft fallen in love with each silver-bodied beauty.

bā tō-am dar dōstīhā i'tiqād-i dīgar ast
garči bas āšiq šudam bar har nigār-i sēm tan


نگار

head

نگار • (negâr)

fa-proper noun

نگار • (negâr)


ششتن

head

ششتن • (šoštan) (present stem شوی (šuy) or شو (šu))

šoštan (romanization)
شوی (present stem)
شو (present stem)
ششتن (infinitive)
šuštán (infinitive)
شوی (present stem)
šōy (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šušt (past stem)
شوینده (participle present)
šōyindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šuštá (participle past)
شویم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šōyam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شویی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šōyī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شوید (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šōyad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شوییم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šōyēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شویید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šōyēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شویند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šōyand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشویم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šōyam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشویی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šōyī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشوید (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-šōyad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشوییم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šōyēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشویید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šōyēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میشویند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šōyand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šuštan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šuštan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i šuštan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال ششتن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šuštá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šuštá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šuštá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šuštá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šuštá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šuštá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šuštam (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šuštī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششت (indicative past singular third-person)
šušt (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šuštēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
šuštēd (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
šuštand (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šuštam (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šuštī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششت (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šušt (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šuštēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šuštēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šuštand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šuštan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šuštan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i šuštan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال ششتن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šuštan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šuštá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šuštá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šuštá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šuštá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šuštá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šuštá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám šušt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ šušt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád šušt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm šušt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd šušt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd šušt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشویم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíšōyam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشویی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíšōyī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشوید (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíšōyad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشوییم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bíšōyēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشویید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíšōyēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشویند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíšōyand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šuštá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šuštá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشوی (imperative second-person singular)
bíšōy (imperative second-person singular)
بشویید (imperative plural second-person)
bíšōyēd (imperative plural second-person)
ششتن (infinitive)
šuštán (infinitive)
شو (present stem)
šō (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šušt (past stem)
شنده (participle present)
šindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šuštá (participle past)
شم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ša (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šum (first-person indicative present singular)
میشی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-ša (indicative present singular third-person)
میشیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میشن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i šuštan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šuštan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šuštan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i šuštan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل ششتن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i šuštan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i šuštan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šuštám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šuštī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šuštást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šuštḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šuštḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šuštán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šuštum (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šuštī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششته (indicative past singular third-person)
šušta (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šuštēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
šuštēn (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
šuštan (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šuštum (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šuštī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششته (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šušta (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šuštēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šuštēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šuštan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i šuštan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šuštan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šuštan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i šuštan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل ششتن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i šuštan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i šuštan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šuštá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šuštá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šuštá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šuštá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šuštá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šuštá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm šušt (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ šušt (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá šušt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm šušt (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn šušt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán šušt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
búšum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
búšī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
búša (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búšēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
búšēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
búšan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šuštá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šuštá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šuštá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشو (imperative second-person singular)
búšō (imperative second-person singular)
بشین (imperative plural second-person)
búšēn (imperative plural second-person)
شستن (infinitive)
شست (past stem)
شو
شسته
شوینده
من (singular)
تو (singular)
او (singular)
وی (singular)
آن (singular)
ما (plural)
شما (plural)
ایشان (plural)
آنان (plural)
آنها (plural)
شستم (indicative past singular)
شستی (indicative past singular)
شست (indicative past singular)
شستیم (indicative past plural)
شستید (indicative past plural)
شستند (indicative past plural)
میشستم (indicative singular)
میشستی (indicative singular)
میشست (indicative singular)
میشستیم (indicative plural)
میشستید (indicative plural)
میشستند (indicative plural)
شستهام (indicative perfect singular)
شستهاﯼ (indicative perfect singular)
شستهاست (indicative perfect singular)
شستهایم (indicative perfect plural)
شستهاید (indicative perfect plural)
شستهاند (indicative perfect plural)
میشستهام (indicative singular)
میشستهاﯼ (indicative singular)
میشستهاست (indicative singular)
میشستهایم (indicative plural)
میشستهاید (indicative plural)
میشستهاند (indicative plural)
شسته بودم (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بودی (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بود (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بودیم (indicative pluperfect plural)
شسته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural)
شسته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural)
میشسته بودم (indicative singular)
میشسته بودی (indicative singular)
میشسته بود (indicative singular)
میشسته بودیم (indicative plural)
میشسته بودید (indicative plural)
میشسته بودند (indicative plural)
خواهم شست (future indicative singular)
خواهی شست (future indicative singular)
خواهد شست (future indicative singular)
خواهیم شست (future indicative plural)
خواهید شست (future indicative plural)
خواهند شست (future indicative plural)
شویم (aorist indicative singular)
شویی (aorist indicative singular)
شوید (aorist indicative singular)
شوییم (aorist indicative plural)
شویید (aorist indicative plural)
شویند (aorist indicative plural)
میشویم (indicative present singular)
میشویی (indicative present singular)
میشوید (indicative present singular)
میشوییم (indicative plural present)
میشویید (indicative plural present)
میشویند (indicative plural present)
دارم میشویم (indicative singular)
داری میشویی (indicative singular)
دارد میشوید (indicative singular)
داریم میشوییم (indicative plural)
دارید میشویید (indicative plural)
دارند میشویند (indicative plural)
داشتم میشستم (indicative singular)
داشتی میشستی (indicative singular)
داشت میشست (indicative singular)
داشتیم میشستیم (indicative plural)
داشتید میشستید (indicative plural)
داشتند میشستند (indicative plural)
بشویم (present singular subjunctive)
بشویی (present singular subjunctive)
بشوید (present singular subjunctive)
بشوییم (plural present subjunctive)
بشویید (plural present subjunctive)
بشویند (plural present subjunctive)
شسته باشم (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشی (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشد (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشیم (past plural subjunctive)
شسته باشید (past plural subjunctive)
شسته باشند (past plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشم (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشی (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشد (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشیم (plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشید (plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشند (plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشم (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشی (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشد (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشیم (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشید (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشند (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشم (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشی (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشد (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشیم (plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشید (plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشند (plural subjunctive)
بشو (affirmative singular)
بشوییم (affirmative plural)
بشویید (affirmative plural)
نشو (negative singular)
نشوییم (negative plural)
نشویید (negative plural)
شویاد (singular)
شستن (infinitive)
شست (past stem)
شور
شسته
شورنده
من (singular)
تو (singular)
او (singular)
وی (singular)
آن (singular)
ما (plural)
شما (plural)
ایشان (plural)
آنان (plural)
آنها (plural)
شستم (indicative past singular)
شستی (indicative past singular)
شست (indicative past singular)
شستیم (indicative past plural)
شستید (indicative past plural)
شستند (indicative past plural)
میشستم (indicative singular)
میشستی (indicative singular)
میشست (indicative singular)
میشستیم (indicative plural)
میشستید (indicative plural)
میشستند (indicative plural)
شستهام (indicative perfect singular)
شستهاﯼ (indicative perfect singular)
شستهاست (indicative perfect singular)
شستهایم (indicative perfect plural)
شستهاید (indicative perfect plural)
شستهاند (indicative perfect plural)
میشستهام (indicative singular)
میشستهاﯼ (indicative singular)
میشستهاست (indicative singular)
میشستهایم (indicative plural)
میشستهاید (indicative plural)
میشستهاند (indicative plural)
شسته بودم (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بودی (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بود (indicative pluperfect singular)
شسته بودیم (indicative pluperfect plural)
شسته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural)
شسته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural)
میشسته بودم (indicative singular)
میشسته بودی (indicative singular)
میشسته بود (indicative singular)
میشسته بودیم (indicative plural)
میشسته بودید (indicative plural)
میشسته بودند (indicative plural)
خواهم شست (future indicative singular)
خواهی شست (future indicative singular)
خواهد شست (future indicative singular)
خواهیم شست (future indicative plural)
خواهید شست (future indicative plural)
خواهند شست (future indicative plural)
شورم (aorist indicative singular)
شوری (aorist indicative singular)
شورد (aorist indicative singular)
شوریم (aorist indicative plural)
شورید (aorist indicative plural)
شورند (aorist indicative plural)
میشورم (indicative present singular)
میشوری (indicative present singular)
میشورد (indicative present singular)
میشوریم (indicative plural present)
میشورید (indicative plural present)
میشورند (indicative plural present)
دارم میشورم (indicative singular)
داری میشوری (indicative singular)
دارد میشورد (indicative singular)
داریم میشوریم (indicative plural)
دارید میشورید (indicative plural)
دارند میشورند (indicative plural)
داشتم میشستم (indicative singular)
داشتی میشستی (indicative singular)
داشت میشست (indicative singular)
داشتیم میشستیم (indicative plural)
داشتید میشستید (indicative plural)
داشتند میشستند (indicative plural)
بشورم (present singular subjunctive)
بشوری (present singular subjunctive)
بشورد (present singular subjunctive)
بشوریم (plural present subjunctive)
بشورید (plural present subjunctive)
بشورند (plural present subjunctive)
شسته باشم (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشی (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشد (past singular subjunctive)
شسته باشیم (past plural subjunctive)
شسته باشید (past plural subjunctive)
شسته باشند (past plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشم (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشی (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشد (singular subjunctive)
میشسته باشیم (plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشید (plural subjunctive)
میشسته باشند (plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشم (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشی (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشد (pluperfect singular subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشیم (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشید (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
شسته بوﺩه باشند (pluperfect plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشم (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشی (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشد (singular subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشیم (plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشید (plural subjunctive)
میشسته بوﺩه باشند (plural subjunctive)
بشور (affirmative singular)
بشوریم (affirmative plural)
بشورید (affirmative plural)
نشور (negative singular)
نشوریم (negative plural)
نشورید (negative plural)
شوراد (singular)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šuštán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال ششتن بودیم

در حال ششتن بودم

در حال ششتن بودید

در حال ششتن بودی

در حال ششتن بودند

در حال ششتن بود

در حال ششتن استیم

در حال ششتن استم

در حال ششتن استید

در حال ششتن استی

در حال ششتن استند

در حال ششتن است

šuštá bū́dēm

šuštá bū́dēd

šuštá bā́šēm

šuštá bā́šam

šuštá bā́šēd

šuštá bā́šand

šuštá bā́šad

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šuštán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل ششتن بودیم

ده آل ششتن بودم

ده آل ششتن بودین

ده آل ششتن بودی

ده آل ششتن بودن

ده آل ششتن بود

ده آل ششتن استیم

ده آل ششتن استم

ده آل ششتن استین

ده آل ششتن استی

ده آل ششتن استن

ده آل ششتن است

šuštá bū́dēm

šuštá bū́dēn

šuštá bā́šēm

šuštá bā́šam

šuštá bā́šēn

šuštá bā́šan

شستن شستن#Persian

dialectal form of شستن (šostan, “to wash”)


ششتن

šištan (romanization)
شین (present stem)
ششتن (infinitive)
šištán (infinitive)
شین (present stem)
šīn (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šišt (past stem)
شیننده (participle present)
šīnindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šištá (participle past)
شینم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šīnam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شینی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šīnī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شیند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šīnad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شینیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šīnēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شینید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šīnēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شینند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šīnand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشینم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šīnam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشینی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šīnī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشیند (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-šīnad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشینیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šīnēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشینید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šīnēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میشینند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šīnand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šištan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šištan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i šištan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال ششتن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šištan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šištá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šištá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šištá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šištá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šištá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šištá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šištam (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششت (indicative past singular third-person)
šišt (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
šištēd (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
šištand (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šištam (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششت (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šišt (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šištēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šištand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šištan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šištan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i šištan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال ششتن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šištá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šištá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šištá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šištá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šištá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šištá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám šišt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ šišt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád šišt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm šišt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd šišt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd šišt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشینم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíšīnam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشینی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíšīnī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشیند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíšīnad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشینیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bíšīnēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشینید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíšīnēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشینند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíšīnand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشین (imperative second-person singular)
bíšīn (imperative second-person singular)
بشینید (imperative plural second-person)
bíšīnēd (imperative plural second-person)
ششتن (infinitive)
šištán (infinitive)
شی (present stem)
šī (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šišt (past stem)
شنده (participle present)
šindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šištá (participle past)
شم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ša (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šum (first-person indicative present singular)
میشی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-ša (indicative present singular third-person)
میشیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میشن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i šištan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šištan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šištan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i šištan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل ششتن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i šištan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i šištan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šištám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šištī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šištást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šištḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šištḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šištán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šištum (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششته (indicative past singular third-person)
šišta (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
šištēn (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
šištan (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šištum (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششته (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šišta (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šištēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šištan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i šištan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šištan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šištan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i šištan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل ششتن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i šištan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i šištan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šištá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šištá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šištá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šištá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šištá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šištá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm šišt (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ šišt (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá šišt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm šišt (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn šišt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán šišt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
búšum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
búšī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
búša (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búšēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
búšēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
búšan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشی (imperative second-person singular)
búšī (imperative second-person singular)
بشین (imperative plural second-person)
búšēn (imperative plural second-person)

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šištán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال ششتن بودیم

در حال ششتن بودم

در حال ششتن بودید

در حال ششتن بودی

در حال ششتن بودند

در حال ششتن بود

در حال ششتن استیم

در حال ششتن استم

در حال ششتن استید

در حال ششتن استی

در حال ششتن استند

در حال ششتن است

šištá bū́dēm

šištá bū́dēd

šištá bā́šēm

šištá bā́šam

šištá bā́šēd

šištá bā́šand

šištá bā́šad

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šištán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل ششتن بودیم

ده آل ششتن بودم

ده آل ششتن بودین

ده آل ششتن بودی

ده آل ششتن بودن

ده آل ششتن بود

ده آل ششتن استیم

ده آل ششتن استم

ده آل ششتن استین

ده آل ششتن استی

ده آل ششتن استن

ده آل ششتن است

šištá bū́dēm

šištá bū́dēn

šištá bā́šēm

šištá bā́šam

šištá bā́šēn

šištá bā́šan

نشستن نشستن#Persian


رزم

From Middle Persian lcm (razm). Akin to Old Armenian ռազմ (ṙazm), an Iranian borrowing.


فابریکه

head

فابریکه • (fābrīka)

fa-noun

فابریکه • (fābrīka)


لیسه

Borrowed from French lycée, while more common in Dari, it was likely borrowed via Iranian Persian. Since Dari does not generally use a he to transcribe a final -e.


لیک

گر چه تفسیر زبان روشنگر است / لیک عشق بیزبان روشنتر است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 133:

Although the commentary of the tongue makes (all) clear, yet tongueless love is clearer.

gar-či tafsīr-i zabān rawšan-gar ast / lēk išq-i bē-zabān rawšan-tar ast

لیکن لیکن#Persian

(archaic, literary) alternative form of لیکن (“but, however, nevertheless”)


مندن

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to remain

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to stay

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to hesitate

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to survive

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to endure

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to last


صنف

(Dari) class (group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes)

guild (a group of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans)


صنف

Champa (a historical region in Farther India)


اختیار

head

اِختِیار • (extiyâr) (plural اختیارات (extiyârât))

اِختِیار (canonical)
extiyâr (romanization)
اختیارات (plural)

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār).

bor+

دل به رغبت میسپارد جان به چشم مست یار
گرچه هشیاران ندادند اختیار خود به کس

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 267”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ], archived from the original on 2023-12-09:

My soul joyfully entrusts my heart to the beloved's drunken eyes,
Though the wise do not grant authority [over them] to anyone.

dil ba rağbat mē-sipārad jān ba čašm-i mast-i yār
garči hušyārān na-dādand ixtiyār-i xwad ba kas


میلاد

head

میلاد • (milâd)

fa-noun

میلاد • (milâd)


میلاد

milâd (romanization)
mêlâd (romanization)

Through regular sound change from Old Persian *Miθradātah. See also مهرداد (mehrdâd).

a male given name, Milad
(Persian mythology) a hero in Shahnameh

a male given name, Milad
a hero in Shahnameh


کمی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमी (kamī)

Urdu: کمی (kamī)

From Classical Persian کم (kam) + Classical Persian ی (-ī).


کمی

From Classical Persian کم (kam) + Classical Persian ی (-ē).


خوشبو

fa-adj

خوشبو • (xošbu)


خوشبو

head

خوشبو • (xošbu)

fa-noun

خوشبو • (xošbu)

→ Bengali: খোশবু (khošbu)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुशबू (xuśbū)

Urdu: خوشبو (xuśbū)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਸ਼ਬੂ (khuśbū)

Shahmukhi script: خوشبو (xuśbū)


تاتارستان

head

تاتارستان • (tâtârestân)

fa-proper noun

تاتارستان • (tâtârestân)

af

تاتار (tâtâr) + ـستان (-estân)

Tatarstan (a republic of eastern Russia)


سوگند

head

سوگند • (sowgand) (plural سوگندها (sowgand-hâ))

sowgand (romanization)
سوگندها (plural)
سوگند (singular)
sowgand (singular)
سوگندها (plural)
sowgand-hấ (plural)
سوگندا (colloquial plural)
sowgandấ (plural)
سوگند را (definite direct-object singular)
sowgand râ (definite direct-object singular)
سوگند رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sowgando (definite direct-object singular)
سوگندها را (definite direct-object plural)
sowgand-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سوگندا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sowgandấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سوگند (ezafe singular)
sowgand-e (ezafe singular)
سوگندهای (ezafe plural)
sowgand-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sowgandấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندی (definite relative singular)
سوگندی (indefinite singular stressed)
sowgand-i (definite relative singular)
sowgand-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سوگندهایی (definite plural relative)
سوگندهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سوگندایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấi (definite plural relative)
sowgandấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgandam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهایم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgand-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهام، سوگندام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
sowgandấm (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgandat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandet (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهایت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgand-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهات، سوگندات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandất (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgandaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandeš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهایش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgand-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهاش، سوگنداش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandấš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgand-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهامون، سوگندامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgand-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهاتون، سوگنداتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešun (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgand-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهاشون، سوگنداشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوگند (sevgend)

→ Azerbaijani: sövgənd

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: सौगंद (saugand), सौगन्द (saugand), सौगंध (saugandh), सौगन्ध (saugandh)

Urdu: سوگند (saugand), سوگندھ (saugandh)

From Middle Persian swknd (sōgand, “oath”), from Avestan [Term?] (/saokanta/, “sulphur”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”). Related to سوختن (sōxtan, “to burn”), and سوگ (sōg, “sadness, mourning”).
Originally سوگند (sowgand) was a sulphur-filled drink given to defendants to determine the truth based on their body reaction to Sulphur.


ناشتا

fa-adj

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

nâštâ (romanization)
nâšetâ (romanization)

Probably cognate with Sanskrit अनाशित (anāśita, “one who has not eaten, hungry”); alternatively, from نه (na, “not”) + a form derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Compare Mazanderani انیشتا (“hungry”), Southern Kurdish ناشتا (naşta, “breakfast”), Northern Kurdish naştahî (“drought”).

cog

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


ناشتا

head

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

fa-noun

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

From original ناشتایی (nâštâ'i, nâštâyi), related to etymology above.

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


بایستی

head

بایستی • (bâyesti)

fa-verb

بایستی • (bâyesti)


وهران

head

وهران • (vahrân)

fa-proper noun

وهران • (vahrân)


نامردانه

fa-adj

نامردانه • (nâmardâne)

1968, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, "خوان هشتم Xân-e Haštom [The Eighth Khan]"
ناگهان انگار
سایهای را دید
او شغاد، آن نابرادر بود
که درون چَه نگه میکرد و میخندید
و صدای شوم و نامردانهاش در چاهسار گوش میپیچید...
nâgahân engâr
sâye-i râ did
u Šağâd, ân nâbarâdar bud
ke darun-e čah negah mi-kard o mi-xandid
va sedâ-ye šum o nâmardâne-aš dar čâhsâr-e guš mi-pičid...


نامردانه

head

نامردانه • (nâmardâne)


مهوش

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾhwš /Māhwaš/, “a female given name”). Corresponding to مه (mah, “moon”) + ـوش (vaš, “-like”).


شغاد

head

شغاد • (šağâd)

fa-proper noun

شغاد • (šağâd)

[ʃä.ɣɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʃæ.ɢɒ́ːd̪̥]

1968, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, "خوان هشتم Xân-e Haštom [The Eighth Labour]"
ناگهان انگار
سایهای را دید
او شغاد، آن نابرادر بود
که درون چَه نگه میکرد و میخندید
و صدای شوم و نامردانهاش در چاهسار گوش میپیچید...
nâgahân engâr
sâye-i râ did
u šağâd, ân nâ-barâdar bud
ke darun-e čah negah mi-kard o mi-xandid
va sedâ-ye šum o nâmardâne-aš dar čâhsâr-e guš mi-pičid...

He was Shaghad, that half-brother, who was looking inside the well and laughing, and his evil and unmanly voice was echoing in the ear's well...


گفتا

head

گفتا • (goftâ)

fa-verb

گفتا • (goftâ)

گفتن گفتن#Persian

(rare) third-person singular past of گفتن

Hafez
گفتم غمِ تو دارم، گفتا غمت سرآید -- گفتم که ماه من شو، گفتا اگر برآید


سپهر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spyhl), [script needed] (spyyhl), 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫡 (ʿspyr /spihr/, “sphere, sky”), from Old Persian *spiθrah.


سپهر

Urdu: سِپَر (sipar)


سپهر

Phono-semantic matching of French sphère and/or English sphere, from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra), which is not originally related to etymology 1 above.

psm

(physics, in compounds) sphere (as in stratosphere)


بیرونی

نار بیرونی به آبی بفسرد
نار شهوت تا به دوزخ میبرد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3698:

The external fire may be quenched by some water,
(but) the fire of lust is bringing to Hell.

nār-i bērūnī ba ābī bifsurad
nār-i šahwat tā ba dōzax mē-burad


بیرونی

a surname from Middle Persian, most famously held by Al-Biruni


رستم

→ Arabic: رُسْتُم (rustum)

→ Azerbaijani: Rüstəm

→ Bashkir: Рөстәм (Röstəm)

→ Chagatai: رستم (Rustäm)

Uyghur: رۇستەم (rustem)

Uzbek: Rustam

→ Georgian: როსტომი (rosṭomi)

desc

→ Gujarati: રૂસ્તમ (rūstam), રુસ્તમ (rustam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रुस्तम (rustam)

Urdu: رستم (rustam)

→ Kazakh: Рүстем (Rüstem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رستم (Rüstem)

Turkish: Rüstem

→ Albanian: Rustem

→ Russian: Рустем (Rustem)

→ Tatar: Рөстәм (Röstäm)

→ Turkmen: Rüstem

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/rōdstahm/), from Middle Persian lwd (/rōd/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/stahm/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.
Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

der

whence modern <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رود</i> (rud)

(Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology

a male given name, Rostam or Rustam, from Middle Persian


اسکندر

head

إِسْكَنْدَر • (eskandar)

fa-proper noun

إِسْكَنْدَر • (eskandar)

إِسْكَنْدَر (canonical)
eskandar (romanization)

→ Bashkir: Искәндәр (İskəndər)

desc

→ Bengali: ইস্কান্দর (iskandor), সিকান্দর (śikandor)

→ Gujarati: સિકંદર (sikandar)

→ Kannauji: सिकंदर

desctree

→ Kazakh: Ескендір (Eskendır)
→ Russian: Ескенди́р m anim (Jeskendír)

→ Malay: Iskandar

desc

via Classical Persian <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">سِکَنْدَر</i> (sikandar)

→ Middle Hindi: سکندر (skndr /sikandar/) (via Classical Persian سِکَنْدَر (sikandar)).

Hindustani: sikandar

Hindi: सिकंदर

Hindi: सिकंदर

Urdu: سِکَنْدَر

Urdu: سِکَنْدَر

→ Punjabi: (via Classical Persian سِکَنْدَر (sikandar))

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਕੰਦਰ (sikandar)

Shahmukhi script: سِکَن٘دَر (sikaṉdar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسكندر (İskender) (see there for further descendants)

Turkish: İskender

→ Albanian: Skënder

→ Azerbaijani: İsgəndər

→ Karakalpak: İskender

→ Tatar: İskändär

→ Turkmen: Isgender

→ Uyghur: ئىسكەندەر (iskender)

→ Zazaki: İskendero

via <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">سِکَنْدَر</i> (sekandar)

→ Pashto: سکندر (sikandar) (via سِکَنْدَر (sekandar))

→ Uzbek: Iskandar

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْكَنْدَر (ʔiskandar), from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros).

bor+

اسکندر مقدونی

Alexander the Great (literally, “Alexander the Macedonian”)

a male given name, Eskandar or Iskandar, from Arabic [in turn from Ancient Greek], equivalent to English Alexander


شبدیز

fa-adj

شبدیز • (šabdiz)


شبدیز

head

شبدیز • (šabdiz)

fa-proper noun

شبدیز • (šabdiz)

Shabdiz, the legendary black stallion of Khosrau Parvez


نوزده

nuzdah (romanization)
۱۹ (Persian numeral)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwzdh /nōzdah/), from Old Persian *navacadaθa.


هجده

hejdah (romanization)
۱۸ (Persian numeral)

[ʔiːd͡ʒ.d̪ä]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hštdh /haštdah/), equivalent to New Persian هشت (hašt, “eight”) + ده (dah, “ten”).


خاصه

head

خاصه • (xâsse)

Borrowed from Arabic خَاصَّةً (ḵāṣṣatan). Apparently a spelling pronunciation.

bor+

باده برد زنگ غم، از دل پیر و جوان
خاصه به فصل بهار، خاصه ز دست نگار

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Wine takes away the rust of sadness from the hearts of old and young,
All the more in the season of spring, all the more from the hand of a beauty.

bâde barad zang-e ğam, az del-e pir o javân
xâsse be fasl-e bahâr, xâsse ze dast-e negâr

(archaic) particularly, specially, all the more


خاصه

fa-adj

خاصه • (xâsse)

Borrowed from Arabic خَاصَّة (ḵāṣṣa), feminine form of خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ).

(archaic) Alternative form of خاص (xâs, “special, particular”), used only for feminine Arabic loanwords.


آب‌گوشت

head

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

fa-noun

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

آبگوشت (canonical)
âb-gušt (romanization)

→ Armenian: աբգուշթ (abguštʻ)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɡoːʃt]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɔːb.ɡʊ́ːʃt̪]

[ʔɒːb.ɡúːʃt̪]

[ʔɔb.ɡɵ́ʃt̪]

Compound of آب (âb, “water; broth”) + گوشت (gušt, “meat”).


بانده

head

بانده • (bânde)

fa-noun

بانده • (bânde)


اینه

(dialectal, Shiraz, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) mirror


اوسار

head

اوسار • (owsâr)

fa-noun

اوسار • (owsâr)

(dialectal, Shiraz: some people, Eqlid, Abadeh, Dashtestan) halter (for animals)


آمادن

head

آمادن • (âmâdan) (present stem آما (âmâ))

âmâdan (romanization)
آما (present stem)

[ʔɑː.mɑː.ˈðan]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɔː.mɔː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɒː.mɒː.d̪ǽn]

From Proto-Iranian *āmaH-, from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *maH- (“to measure”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at”) + *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare آماده (âmâde, “ready”), Avestan 𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀- (āmāta-), Sanskrit माति (māti, “measure, knowledge”), Ancient Greek μῆτῐς (mêtis, “skill, counsel, plan”).


آمادن

head

آمادن • (âmâdan)

fa-verb

آمادن • (âmâdan)


ابرش

head

ابرش • (abraš)

fa-noun

ابرش • (abraš)


اسپست

espest (romanization)
aspest (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾspst' /aspast/), from Middle Median *aspast, from Old Median *aspāstiš, from Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa, lucerne”, literally “fodder for horses”).


سمند

Of a yellowish color (especially of horses).


چرمه

head

چرمه • (čarme)

fa-noun

چرمه • (čarme)

Compare with Central Kurdish چەرمگ (çermig, “white”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճերմակ (čermak, “white (of a horse)”), Georgian ჭარმაკი (č̣armaḳi), ჭარმაგი (č̣armagi), ჭარმაღი (č̣armaɣi).


اسپریس

head

اسپریس • (asprês, esparês) (plural اسپریسها (asprês, esparês-hâ))

asprês (romanization)
esparês (romanization)
اسپریسها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾsplys (a/əsp(a)rēs).


خنگ

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hangistaz, and thereby with German Hengst.


خنگ

→ Armenian: խենգ (xeng)

→ Azerbaijani: xing


کهر

→ Azerbaijani: kəhər

→ Urdu: کہر (kahar)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kádruš (“brown, tan”), likely from the BMAC substrate.
Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (kadruua.aspa, “with brown horses”) (whence unattested Avestan *𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎 (*kadru, “brown”)), and cognate with Sanskrit कद्रु (kadru, “brown, reddish-brown”).

cog

𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀


ترسا

fa-adj

ترسا • (tarsâ)

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæɹ.sɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tlsʾk' /tarsāg/, “Christian”, literally “(God) fearer”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (tls- /tars-/, “to fear, be afraid”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (-k' /-ag/). By surface analysis, ترس (tars, present stem of ترسیدن (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)) + ـا (-â, suffix forming adjectives and nouns). Sogdian ܬܪܣܐܩ (trsʾq /tarsāk/) is a Western Iranian borrowing.

surf

ترس
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ترسیدن</i> (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)>

ـا
<pos:suffix forming adjectives and nouns>


ترسا

head

ترسا • (tarsâ) (plural ترسایان (tarsâyân) or ترساها (tarsâ-hâ))

tarsâ (romanization)
ترسایان (plural)
ترساها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: tərsa

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترسا (tersâ)

→ Uzbek: tarso

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæɹ.sɒ́ː]

10th AD, Ferdowsi
چو بر جامهٔ ما چلیپا بوَد
نشست اندر آیین ترسا بوَد

13th AD, Rumi
گهی از زلف خود داده به مؤمن نقش حبلالله
ز پیچ جعد خود داده به ترسایان چلیپایی


باره

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

دفعه دفعه#Persian

(in compounds) Synonym of دفعه (daf'e, “time”)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)

بارو بارو#Persian

(archaic) Alternative form of بارو (bâru, “rampart”)


کرند

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [script needed] (küreŋ, kürin, küren, “brown”), whence Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”). Akin to Wakhi kəráng, Pashto کرنگ (kuráng), Khowar [script needed] (kurang), Azerbaijani kürən, Ottoman Turkish كران (küran), Bashkir көрән (körən), Tatar көрән (körän), Kyrgyz күрөң (küröŋ), Uyghur كۈرەڭ (küreng), Tuvan хүрең (xüreñ), among others, all ultimately of the same Mongolic origin.

bor+

of a yellowish red or light brown color; bay (especially of horses)


کرند

desctree

→ Georgian: ქურანი (kurani), ქურანა (kurana) (or from Turkic)
→ Bats: ქურაჼ (kurã)
→ Mingrelian: ქურანი (kurani)

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]


سرداب

head

سرداب • (sardâb) (plural سردابها (sardâb-hâ))

→ Arabic: سِرْدَاب (sirdāb)

→ Georgian: სარდაფი (sardapi)

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːb̥]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːb̥]

Short form of سردابه (sardâbe), from سرد (sard, “cold”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e). Compare گرمابه (garmâbe, “bathhouse”).

af

بر دیوار شرقی چون به گوشه رسد که جنوبی است و قبله بر ضلع جنوبی است و پیش دیوار شمالی مسجدی است سرداب که به درجههای بسیار فرو باید شدن و آن بیست گز در پانزده باشد و سقف سنگین بر ستونهای رخام.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

On the eastern wall, when one reaches the corner to the south, the qibla is to the southern side, and one is before the northern wall of the mosque, there is a crypt which one must go down by many steps. It is twenty ells by fifteen, and the ceiling of stone is on marble pillars.

bar dēwār-i šarqī čōn ba gōša rasad ki junūbī ast u qibla bar zil'-i junūbī ast u pēš-i dēwār-i šumālī-yi masjidē ast sardāb ki ba daraja-hā-yi bisyār furō bāyad šudan u ān bēst gaz dar pānzdah bāšad u saqf-i sangēn bar sutūn-hā-yi ruxām.


پاک

→ Assamese: পাক (pak)

→ Azerbaijani: pak

→ Bengali: পাক (pak)

→ Gujarati: પાક (pāk)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: पाक (pāka)
Hindustani: pāk
Hindi: पाक
Urdu: پاک (pāk)

→ Maithili: pāk

Devanagari script: पाक

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒰𑒏

→ Old Punjabi: ਪਾਕੁ (pāku)
Punjabi: pāk
Gurmukhi script: ਪਾਕ
Shahmukhi script: پاک

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: پاڪُ

Devanagari script: पाकु

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠇ (fax)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاك (pak)
Turkish: pak
→ Armenian: փաք (pʻakʻ)
→ Laz: ფაღი (paği)

→ Uyghur: پاك (pak)

→ Uzbek: pok

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾk' /pāk/, “clean, pure, holy”), from Proto-Iranian *pawHākáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawHākás, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Cognate with Sanskrit पावक (pāvaká, “pure, clean, clear”), Latin purus.

cog

پاک مردم رفتنه.


مچد

head

مچد • (maččed)

fa-noun

مچد • (maččed)


دخدر

(dialectal, Hamadan) girl, gal, lass, maid


سینزه

head

سینزه • (sinzah, sinza) (Persian numeral ۱۳)

sinzah (romanization)
sinza (romanization)
۱۳ (Persian numeral)


همو

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) identical

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) same


انگشد

انگشد • (angošd)

fa-noun

انگشد • (angošd)


پشد

head

پشد • (pošd)

fa-noun

پشد • (pošd)


پی

(mathematics) Pi, An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.1415926535897932384626433832795; usually written π.


پی

(architecture) A foundation; the lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


کاری است که شده

head

کاری است که شده • (kâri ast ke šode)


الموت

Compound of آلُه / اَلُه / اَلوه (âloh, aloh, aluh, “eagle”) (from Middle Persian ʾlwh (āluh, “eagle”)) and either the dialectal (Qazvin) آموخت (âmu(x)t, “taught”), or آموت (âmut, “nest”).

و معتبرترین همه قلعهٔ الموت که دارالملک اسمعیلیان ایران زمین بود و صد و هفتاد و یک سال مقر دولت ایشان بود و آن قلعه از اقلیم چهارم است.

1340, Hamdallah-i Mustawfī, Nuzhat-ul-Qulūb:

… and the most authoritative of all [of the castles in Rudbar]—the Alamut Castle, which was the capital of the [Nizari] Isma'ilis of Greater Iran, and for one hundred and seventy-one years was the headquarters of their state. The castle is in the Fourth Province.

va mu'tabar-tarîn-i hama, qal'a-i alamût, ki dâr-ul-mulk-i ismâ'îliyân-i êrân-zamîn bûd u sad-u-haftâd-u-yak sâl maqarr-i dawlat-i êšân bûd, va ân qal'a az iqlîm-i čahârum ast.


سهراب

سهراب • (sohrâb)

fa-proper noun

سهراب • (sohrâb)

→ Armenian: Զոհրաբ (Zohrab)

desctree

→ Georgian: ზურაბი (zurabi), ზურაბ (zurab) — other widely used form, ზურიკო (zuriḳo) — pet form, ზურა (zura) — diminutive
→ Abkhaz: Жәраб (Ẑʷrab)
→ Armenian: Զուրաբ (Zurab)

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[soɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


چرخ‌ریسک

head

چرخریسک • (čarx-risak) (plural چرخریسکها (čarx-risak-hâ))

چرخریسک (canonical)
čarx-risak (romanization)
چرخریسکها (plural)

From چرخ (čarx) + ریس (ris-) + ـک (-ak).


تهمینه

From Classical Persian تهم (taham, “strong”).

a female given name, Tahmina, Tamina, or Tahmineh


خسرو

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩 (hwslwdy /Husrōy/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwslwb' /Husrav/), from Old Median *Husrava, from Proto-Iranian *Hhucráwah (“renowned, famous”).

der

a male given name from Middle Persian, Khosrow, Khusro, Khosrau, Khusrau, Khosro, Khusraw, Chosroes, Osroes


خسرو

head

خسرو • (xosrow) (plural خسروان (xosrovân) or خسروها (xosrow-hâ))

xosrow (romanization)
خسروان (plural)
خسروها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā), كَسْرَى (kasrā)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Iranian Persian: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Xosrov

→ English: Khosrow

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुसरो (xusro)

Urdu: خُسْرَو (xusrau)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸਰੋ (xusro)

Shahmukhi script: خُسْرو (xusro)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خسرو (Hosrev)

Turkish: Hüsrev

گرگ و روبه را طمع بود اندر آن / که رود قسمت به عدل خسروان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3026:

The wolf and fox hoped that a division (of the prey) would be made according to the justice of emperors.

gurg u rôbah râ tama' bud andar ân / ki rawad qismat ba 'adl-i-xusrawân


ویس

From Old Persian 𐎻𐎰 (viθ-, “house(hold), clan, royal court”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-.


ویس

contempt, exclamation of pity, or approbation


سپاهی

head

سپاهی • (sipāhī／sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)

sipāhī／sepâhi (romanization)
سپاهیان (plural)

desc

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)

Urdu: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

→ Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)

→ Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)

Shahmukhi script: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

From سپاه (sipāh／sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī／-i, noun forming suffix).


چامه

head

چامه • (čâme)

fa-noun

چامه • (čâme)


آناهیتا

head

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

fa-proper noun

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

[ʔɑː.nɑː.hiː.ˈtɑː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.jiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.nɔː.ji.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.nɒː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]

[ʔɔ.nɔ.ɦi.t̪ʰɔ́]

Learned borrowing from Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐏃𐎡𐎫 (Anahita).

learned borrowing

a female given name, Anahita, from Old Persian


سلط

(dialectal, Khvorasgan in Isfahan Province) bucket


خرم

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlm /huram/).


آیینه

head

آیینه • (âyine)

fa-noun

آیینه • (âyine)

→ Assamese: আইনা (aina)

→ Bengali: আয়না (aẏna)

→ Atong (India): aina

→ Garo: aina

→ Nepali: ऐना (ainā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਈਨਾ (āīnā)

Shahmukhi script: آیینہ (āīnā)

→ Rohingya: aina

Derived from Middle Persian ʾdwynk' (ēwēnag, “mirror”), from Old Iranian *ādainakah, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to look, see”).
Related to دیدن (didan, “to see, look”), Baluchi آدینک (adí̃k), Lurish ۏیینںە (öyinə), Ossetian айдӕн (ajdæn, “mirror”).


شهمات کردن

head

شهمات کردن • (šahmât kardan)

fa-verb

شهمات کردن • (šahmât kardan)


یونی‌کد

یونیکد (canonical)
yuni-kod (romanization)

(computing) Unicode, a series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.

(computing) The Unicode standards together with standards for representing character strings as byte strings.


شاه‌مات

head

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

fa-noun

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

شاهمات (canonical)
šâh-mât (romanization)

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.mɒːt̪]

Literally, “the king is amazed”, from شاه (šâh, “king”) + مات (mât, “stunned, amazed”). When the term passed into Arabic before being borrowed into Romance languages, the second element was interpreted as مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). The Tajik usage of шоҳмот (šohmot) to mean "chess" is a phono-semantic matching of Russian шахматы (šaxmaty).


پخچه

head

پخچه • (paxče)

fa-noun

پخچه • (paxče)


هیلو

(dialectal, Kazerun) swing (hanging seat)


دروشیدن

head

دروشیدن • (derowšidan) (present stem دروش (derowš))

derowšidan (romanization)
دروش (present stem)


اشتو

اشتو • (oštow)

fa-noun

اشتو • (oštow)


شکال

head

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

fa-noun

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

šekâl (romanization)
šokâl (romanization)


فیت

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) fist

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) punch

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) handful


کازو

head

کازو • (kâzu)

fa-noun

کازو • (kâzu)


خنج

Cognate with خلنج (xelenj, “pinch”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kleng-, *klenk- (“to bend; twist”)

(dialectal, Kazerun) scratch (act of scratching)


کوالا لامپور

head

کوالا لامپور • (kuwālā lāmpūr／ku'âlâ lâmpur)

kuwālā lāmpūr／ku'âlâ lâmpur (romanization)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

کوالالامپور کوالالامپور#Persian

Alternative form of کوالالامپور (kuwālā-lāmpūr／kovâlâ-lâmpur)


شملی

head

شملی • (šamli)

fa-noun

شملی • (šamli)


کلو

fa-adj

کلو • (kalu) (comparative کلوتَر (kalu-tar), superlative کلوتَرین (kalu-tarin))

kalu (romanization)
کلوتَر (comparative)
کلوتَرین (superlative)


اسلیمی

head

اسلیمی • (eslimi, eslêmi) (plural اسلیمیها (eslimi-hâ))

eslimi (romanization)
eslêmi (romanization)
اسلیمیها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: İslimi

From اسلامی (eslâmi, “Islamic”). Compare مزیح (mezih) (from مزاح (mezâh)) and سلیح (selih) (from سلاح (selâh)).


خارگیل

خارگیل • (xârgil) (plural خارگیلها (xârgil-hâ))

[xɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

Blend of خار (xār／xâr) + نارگیل (nārgēl／nârgil).


دوریان

Borrowed from English durian, from Malay durian.


کارآگاه

head

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

fa-noun

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

From کار + آگاه.

(law enforcement) detective, a police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.


دومن

(dialectal, Kazerun, Tang-e Eram) downward, downwards


دومن

(dialectal, Kazerun, Tang-e Eram) at the bottom of


آفری

head

آفری • (âfari)


مهاچین

مهاچین • (mahâčin)

fa-proper noun

مهاچین • (mahâčin)

[mä.ɦɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mä.ɦɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mɑːɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mɔːɔː.t͡ʃʰin]

[mæ.ɦɒː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

ماچین ماچین#Persian

Alternative form of ماچین (“Mainland China”)


چین و ماچین

head

چین و ماچین • (čin o mâčin)

fa-proper noun

چین و ماچین • (čin o mâčin)

East Turkestan and Greater China (Mainland China)


سیچه

head

سیچه • (siče)


ماچین

ماچین • (mâčin)

fa-proper noun

ماچین • (mâčin)

From earlier Classical Persian مَهَاچِین (mahāčīn), from Sanskrit महाचीन (mahācīna).


چین و مهاچین

head

چین و مهاچین

چین و مهاچین • (čin o mahâčin)

fa-proper noun

چین و مهاچین

چین و مهاچین • (čin o mahâčin)

11th century, Abulhasan-i Bayhaqī, Tārix-i Bayhaq
... و اهل چین و مهاچین را صنایع و حِرَف عجیبه (است).
... and people of Čin o Mahâčin have amazing arts and skills.

چین و ماچین
چین و ماچین#Persian


بم

fa-adj

بم • (bam) (comparative بمتَر (bam-tar), superlative بمتَرین (bam-tarin))

bam (romanization)
بمتَر (comparative)
بمتَرین (superlative)


بم

ارگ بم ― arg-e bam ― the citadel of Bam


بم

Borrowed from English bomb, possibly via Urdu بَمْ (bam).


گوته

Johann Wolfgang Goethe, a German writer


کیمیاگر

head

کیمیاگر • (kimiyâgar) (plural کیمیاگران (kimiyâgarân))

kimiyâgar (romanization)
کیمیاگران (plural)

From کیمیا + گر.


دیکتاتور

دیکتاتور • (diktâtor) (plural دیکتاتورها (diktâtor-hâ))

diktâtor (romanization)
دیکتاتورها (plural)

[d̪iːkʲ.t̪ʰɒː.t̪ʰóɹ]


الکترونیک

fa:الکترونیک


آب زندگانی

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

1325-1390, Hafez
هوایِ منزلِ یار آبِ زندگانیِ ماست / صبا بیار نسیمی ز خاکِ شیرازم

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

lit. water of life; Ab-i Hayat, elixir of life


شافتک

شافتک • (šâftak)

fa-noun

شافتک • (šâftak)

(dialectal, Shiraz, now rare) whistle (act of whistling)


اشکم

head

اشکم • (eškam)

fa-noun

اشکم • (eškam)

Alternative form of شکم (“belly, abdomen, stomach”)


تنسن

head

تنسن • (tonossan) (present stem تون (tun))

tonossan (romanization)
تون (present stem)

توانستن توانستن#Persian

(auxiliary, dialectal, Shiraz) alternative form of توانستن (tavânestan, “to be able; can”)


توه

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) frying pan


شاهنشاه

شاهَنْشاه • (šâhanšâh) (plural شاهنشاهان (šâhanšâhân) or شاهنشاهها (šâhanšâh-hâ))

شاهَنْشاه (canonical)
šâhanšâh (romanization)
شاهنشاهان (plural)
شاهنشاهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: شَهَنْشَاه

→ Azerbaijani: şahənşah

→ English: shahanshah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहंशाह (śahañśāh)

desc

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

→ Middle Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهنشاه (şâhenşâh), شاهنشه (şâhenşeh), شهنشاه (şehenşâh), شهنشه (şehenşeh)

Turkish: şehinşah

→ Romanian: șahinșah

→ Polish: szachinszach

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ (śahinśāh)

Shahmukhi script: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɒː.ɦæn.ʃɒːʱ]

[ʃɔ.ɦän.ʃɔʱ]

From earlier شَاهَانشَاه (šāhān-šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān šāh, “king of kings”).


سردی

→ Gujarati: શરદી (śardī)

→ Hindi: सर्दी (sardī)

→ Bengali: সর্দি (śordi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سردی (serdi)

→ Urdu: سردی (sardī)

→? Georgian: სურდო (surdo)

→ Armenian: սուրդո (surdo) (Tbilisi)

→ Bats: სურდუ (surdu)

→ Mingrelian: სურდუ (surdu)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (sltyh /sardīh/), from [script needed] (slt' /sard/) + [script needed] (-yh /-īh/).


ره

Regular metrical contraction used for poetry when the meter demands a short vowel, and also in some dialects.

(poetic or dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of راه (râh, “road”)


ره

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of رای (rây, “sense, intellect, judgment”)


ره

رستن رستن#Persian


ره

[rä.ɦɪ.mä.ɦʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[rä.ɦɪ.mä.ɦʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

رحمه الله
رحمه الله#Persian

(Islam) Initialism of رحمه الله (rahemahollâh).


پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

head

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

pendâr-e nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[pin.dɑː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kaɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰɪn̪.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰen̪.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰäɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

uder

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک#Persian

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds
Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds

Alternative form of اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک (andiše-ye nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik, “Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds”)

اندیشه نیک

en-پندار_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-ZDie73vj


شاخاب پارس

head

شاخاب پارس • (šâxâb-e pârs)

fa-proper noun

شاخاب پارس • (šâxâb-e pârs)


نیاکان

head

نیاکان • (niyâkân)


بوستان

بوستان • (bôstân) (plural بوستانها (bôstân-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: بُسْتَان (bustān)
→ Shehri: məstún
→ Swahili: bustani

→ Azerbaijani: bostan

→ Georgian: ბოსტანი (bosṭani)

→ Gujarati: બોસ્તાન (bostān)

→ Hebrew: בֻּסְתָּן (bustān)

→ Malay: bustan

Indonesian: bustan

→ Middle Armenian: պօստան (pōstan)

Armenian: բոստան (bostan)

→ Northern Kurdish: bostan

→ Ottoman Turkish: بوستان (bostân), بوصتان (bostan), պօսթան (bostan) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: bostan
→ Albanian: bostan
→ Aromanian: bustane
→ Bulgarian: боста́н (bostán)
→ Byzantine Greek: μποστάνι (mpostáni)
Greek: μποστάνι (bostáni)
→ Crimean Tatar: bostan
→ Ladino: bostan, bustan
→ Macedonian: бостан (bostan)
→ Romanian: bostan, bostană
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо̀стан
Latin script: bòstan

→ Russian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Ukrainian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Chagatai: بوستان

Uyghur: بوستان (bostan)

Uzbek: boʻston

[bʊːs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwdstʾn'), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwystʾn), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwyystʾn /bōyestān/, “(flower) garden”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwdystʾn /bōδestān/), Sogdian [script needed] (βōδistān, “garden”) and Iranian borrowings Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā), Classical Syriac ܒܘܣܬܢܐ (būstānā), Old Armenian բուրաստան (burastan).

cog

בּוּסְתְּנָא

Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā)


جاهل‌تر

جاهلتر (canonical)
jâhel-tar (romanization)

جاهل جاهل#Persian


جاهل‌ترین

جاهلترین (canonical)
jâhel-tarin (romanization)

جاهل جاهل#Persian


خوره

From خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)) + ـه (-e).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat”)

(idiomatic) obsession, fascination (for something, e.g. a hobby)

حکومت حجاج بر عراق بیست سال طول کشید. و آخرین کسی را که بکشت سعید بن جبیر بود. در آخر کار به خورهی شکم مبتلا شد.

Al-Hajjāj's government over Iraq lasted for twenty years, and the last person he killed was Sa'īd ibn Jabīr. In the end, he was afflicted with stomach cancer.

hukūmat-i hajjāj bar irāq bīst sāl tūl kašīd. u āxarīn kasē rā ki bikušt sa'īd bin-i jabīr būd. dar āxar-i kār ba xwara-yi šikam mubtalā šud.

(obsolete) Any serious disease considered to "eat away" at the patient, not just leprosy.


خوره

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwarrah, “divine glory, splendour”), a borrowing from Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (xᵛar^ənah). Doublet of فر (farr), which was inherited.

inh

Khvarenah; synonym of فر (farr, “royal glory”).

One of five administrative divisions of Sasanian Iran.


بازی‌های المپیک

بازیهای المپیک (canonical)
bâzi-hâ-ye olampik (romanization)

fa:بازی‌های المپیک


آذرآبادگان

head

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa-proper noun

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa:آذرآبادگان

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ʔɔ.bɔ.d̪ä.ɡɔ́n]

آذربایجان آذربایجان#Persian


آذرآبادگان

head

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa-noun

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa:آذرآبادگان

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ʔɔ.bɔ.d̪ä.ɡɔ́n]


دوا

head

دوا • (dawā)

fa-noun

دوا • (dawā)


جاهل

fa-adj

جاهل • (jâhel) (comparative جاهلتَر (jâhel-tar), superlative جاهلتَرین (jâhel-tarin))

jâhel (romanization)
جاهلتَر (comparative)
جاهلتَرین (superlative)

[d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɑː.jɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɔː.jíl̥]

[d͡ʒɒː.ɦél̥]


نواختر

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نواختر • (now-axtar) (plural نواخترها (now-axtar-hâ))

now-axtar (romanization)
نواخترها (plural)

[näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

From نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).


اخترمار

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔæx.t̪ʰæɹ.mɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarmār), 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarāmār).


ستاره‌شناس

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

fa-noun

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

ستارهشناس (canonical)
setâre-šenâs (romanization)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

From ستاره (setâre, “star”) + شناس (šenâs).


ابرنواختر

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ابرنواختر • (abar-now-axtar) (plural ابرنواخترها (abar-now-axtar-hâ))

abar-now-axtar (romanization)
ابرنواخترها (plural)

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From ابر (abar, “super”) + نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).

compound

fa:ابرنواختر


دیشت

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دیشت • (dišt)

دیشتن دیشتن#Persian

(dialectal, Mashhad) past stem form of دیشتن (dištan)


شوالیه

شوالیه • (šovâliye)

fa-noun

شوالیه • (šovâliye)


یگ

(dialectal, Mashhad) Alternative form of یک (yek), one