شاه

šâh (romanization)
شاهان (plural)
شه (alternative)

desctree

→ Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque, xaque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
Italian: scacco
Old French: eschec
French: échec
→ Catalan: xec
→ Middle Dutch: scaec
Dutch: schaak
→ Danish: skak
→ Middle English: chek, chekke
English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess
→ Middle High German: schāch
German: Schach
→ Russian: шах (šax)
→ Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Luxembourgish: Schach
→ Romanian: șah
→ Swedish: schack
→ Finnish: shakki, šakki
→ Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
→ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
Middle French: eschiquier
French: échiquier
Norman: êchitchi
→ Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)

→ Azerbaijani: şah

→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)

→ Belarusian: шах (šax)

→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)

→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)

→ Catalan: xa

→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)

→ Danish: shah

→ Dutch: sjah

→ English: shah

→ Estonian: šahh

→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki

→ French: schah, chah, shah

→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)

→ German: schah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ (śāh)

→ Hungarian: sakk

→ Irish: seá

→ Italian: scià

→ Japanese: シャー (shā)

→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)

→ Khalaj: şâh

→ Korean: 샤 (sya)

→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)

→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)

→ Latvian: šahs

→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)

→ Lithuanian: šachas

→ Macedonian: шах (šah)

→ Malay: syah

→ Marathi: शहा (śahā)

→ Mongolian: шах (šax)

→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)

Armenian: շահ (šah)

→ Norwegian: sjah

→ Old Norse: skák
Icelandic: skák
Faroese: skák
Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk

desc

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)

Turkish: şah

→ Albanian: shah

→ Hungarian: sah

→ Romanian: șah

→ Pashto: شاه (šāh)

→ Polish: szach

→ Portuguese: xá

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)

Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)

→ Romansch: schah

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah

→ Spanish: sah

→ Swedish: shah

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)

→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)

→ Turkish: şah

→ Turkmen: şah

→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)

→ Uyghur: شاھ (shah)

→ Uzbek: shoh

→ Vietnamese: sa

→ Zazaki: şağ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).


اسب

asb (romanization)
اسبها (plural)
اسبان (plural)
اَسْپ (alternative)
عَسْپ (alternative)
عَسْب (alternative)

→ Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

PIE word
 *h1éḱwos
From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).


سرباز

fa-noun

سَرْباز • (sarbâz) (plural سربازان, or سربازها)

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)
سربازان (plural)
سربازها (plural)
سرباز (singular)
سربازان، سربازا (sarbâzấn, sarbâzấ^△) (colloquial plural)
سرباز (ezafe singular)
سربازی (definite relative singular)
سربازی (indefinite singular stressed)
سربازم (first-person possessive singular)
سربازت (sarbâzat, sarbâzet^△) (second-person singular)
سربازش (sarbâzaš, sarbâzeš^△) (possessive singular third-person)
سربازم (first-person singular)
سربازیم (first-person plural)
سربازی (second-person singular)
سربازید، سربازین (sarbâzid, sarbâzin^△) (colloquial plural second-person)
سربازند، سربازن (sarbâzand, sarbâzan^△) (colloquial plural third-person)

→ Armenian: սարվազ (sarvaz)

→ Azerbaijani: sərbaz

→ Kazakh: сарбаз (sarbaz)

→ Uzbek: sarboz

From سر (sar, “head”) + باز (-bâz, “to loose, to let go”).


رخ

desctree

→ Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ)
→ Catalan: roc
→ Spanish: roque
→ Old French: roc
Middle French: roc
French: roc
→ Middle English: rook
English: rook
→ Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
→ Korean: 룩 (ruk)

→ Georgian: როქი (roki)

→ Italian: rocco

→ Ottoman Turkish: رخ

→ Urdu: رخ (rux)

From Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”).
Possibly cognate with Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).


وزیر

fa-noun

وَزیر • (vazir) (plural وزرا (vozarâ), or وزیران (vazirân))

وَزیر (canonical)
vazir (romanization)
وزرا (plural)

Dari: وزیر (wazīr)

Iranian Persian: وزیر (vazir)

Tajik: вазир (vazir)

desc

vəzir//вәзир

→ Azerbaijani: vəzir /вәзир

→ Bengali: উজির (uzir)

→ Chagatai: وزیر

→ Uyghur: ۋەزىر (wezir), вәзир (wezir)

→ Uzbek: vazir /вазир

→ Gujarati: વજીર (vajīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वज़ीर (vazīr), विज़ीर (vizīr)

Urdu: وَزیر (vazīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: وزیر (vezir) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: وزیر


فوتبالیست

fa-noun

فوتبالیست • (futbâlist)

(soccer) footballer (British); football player (Britain), soccer player (US, Canada, Australia)


قلعه

قَلعه • (qal'e) (plural قَلعهها (qal'e-hâ), or قِلاع (qelâ'))

قَلعه (canonical)
qal'e (romanization)
قَلعهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qala

→ Bashkir: ҡала (qala)

→ Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़िला (qilā)

desctree

Urdu: قِلْعَہ (qil'a)
→ English: qila
→ Shina: قلعہ (qilla)

→ Kazakh: қала (qala)

→ Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)

→ Marathi: किल्ला (killā)

→ Tajik: қалъа (qal'a)

→ Tatar: кала (qala)

→ Turkmen: gala

→ Uzbek: qalʼa

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
Turkish: kale
→ Albanian: kala
→ Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
→ Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
→ Macedonian: кале (kale)
→ Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā)

Shahmukhi script: قلعہ (qila)

→ Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)bor.
Persian قلعه
Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).


تک

From Ottoman Turkish تك (tek, “single”), from Proto-Turkic *tēk.
Or from Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian tʾk (tāg, “item, unit; alone, single”), Persian تا (tâ, “item, unit; plait, fold, ply”).


کیش

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

Presumably onomatopoeic, used to scare off chickens, gaining the meaning of "go away, run" and then being used in chess to literally, “(king) go away”, referring how the king has to make a move to survive.


آچمز

fa-adj

آچمز • (âčmaz)

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɔːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɒːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish açmaz (“pinned (chess)”).

(dialectal, mostly Tehran, chess) pinned


شاه‌مات

fa-noun

شاهمات • (šāh-māt / šâh-mât) (Tajik spelling шоҳмот)

شاهمات (canonical)
šāh-māt (romanization)
šâh-mât (romanization)
spelling шоҳмот (Tajik)
شهمات (alternative)
شهمات (alternative)
شاهمات (alternative)
شاه مات (alternative)

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.mɒːt̪]

Literally, “the king is amazed”, from شاه (šâh, “king”) + مات (mât, “stunned, amazed”). When the term passed into Arabic before being borrowed into Romance languages, the second element was interpreted as مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). The Tajik usage of шоҳмот (šohmot) to mean "chess" is a phono-semantic matching of Russian шахматы (šaxmaty).


گشایش

fa-noun

گشایش • (gošâyêš)

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡu.ʃɔː.jíʃ]

[ɡ̥o.ʃɒː.jéʃ]

opening; act of becoming open
(chess) opening


بی‌بی

بیبی (canonical)
bi-bi (romanization)
بیبی (singular)
بیبیها، بیبیا (bibi-hấ, bibiấ^△) (colloquial plural)
بیبی را، بیبی رو (bibí râ, bibí ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
بیبی (ezafe singular)
بیبی (definite relative singular)
بیبی (indefinite singular stressed)

→ Bengali: বিবি (bibi)

→ Gujarati: બીબી (bībī)

→ Hindi: बीबी (bībī)
→ English: bibi

→ Khalaj: bîbi

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੀਬੀ (bībī)

Shahmukhi script: بیبی (bībī)

→? Romani: bibi

but the latter is more common in Afghanistan

cases of word final ـا may be shortened to ـه

all family names ending in ـه may have an epenthetic ـی added


پنالتی

پنالتی • (penâlti) (plural پنالتیها)

penâlti (romanization)
پنالتیها (plural)


آفساید

آفساید • (âfsâyd)

[ʔɑːf.sɑ́ːjd̪]

[ʔɒːf.sɒ́ːjd̪̥]


داربی

داربی • (dârbi) (plural داربیها)

dârbi (romanization)
داربیها (plural)
دربی (alternative)

(soccer) derby (a sports match between local rival teams)


نقش

نقش • (naqš) (plural نقشها, or نقوش (noquš))


فرزین

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭲𐭱𐭩𐭭 (frazēn /plcyn'/, “guard, (chess) queen”).

inh

از سفر بیدق شود فرزین راد
وز سفر یابید یوسف صد مراد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 535:

Through travel the pawn becomes a noble queen,
and through travel Joseph gained a hundred objects of desire.

az safar baydaq šawad farzīn-i rād
waz safar yābīd Yūsuf sad murād


کیش‌مات

fa-noun

کیشمات • (kēš-māt / kiš-mât) (Tajik spelling кешмот)

کیشمات (canonical)
kēš-māt (romanization)
kiš-mât (romanization)
spelling кешмот (Tajik)
کیش و مات (alternative)
کیشومات (alternative)
کیش مات (alternative)

[kʰʲiːʃ.mɒːt̪]

From کیش (kēš /kiš, “check”) + مات (māt /mât, “stunned, amazed”).


شاهرخ

fa-noun

شاهرخ • (šâhrox)

From شاه (šâh, “king”) + رخ (rox, “rook”).