نسخ

(calligraphy) Naskh (style of calligraphy)


شاهد

fa-noun

شاهد • (šâhed) (plural شاهدان, or شاهدها, or شاهدین (šâhedin))

šâhed (romanization)
شاهدان (plural)
شاهدها (plural)
šâhed (romanization)
شواهد (plural)

→ Bashkir: шаһит (şahit)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाहिद (śāhid)

Urdu: شاہد (śāhid)

→ Pashto: شاهد (šāhéd)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹਦ (śāhad)

Shahmukhi script: شاہد (śāhid)

→ Uzbek: shohid

Borrowed from Arabic شاهِد (šāhid, “witness”).

bor+

قاضی به دو شاهد بدهد فتوی شرع
در مذهب عشق شاهدی بس باشد

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 44”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

The qadi gives the Holy Law's fatwa on [the word of] two witnesses;
In the doctrine of love, one beloved should be enough.

qāzī ba du šāhid bidahad fatwā-yi šar'
dar mazhab-i išq šāhidē bas bāšad

(archaic, literature) beauty; beautiful person; the beloved (so beautiful that their physical beauty illuminates or "testifies" to the beauty of God)


آهنگ

→ Azerbaijani: ahəng

→ Georgian: ჰანგი (hangi)

→ Gujarati: આહંગ (āhaṅg)

→ Kazakh: ән (än)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آهنك (ahenk)
Turkish: ahenk
→ Armenian: ահէնկ (ahēnk)

→ Urdu: آہنگ (āhang)

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾʾhng (āhang, “pull, draught; melody”), derived from آهیختن (âhixtan, “to pull, draw out”).


غزل

Borrowed from Arabic غَزَل (ḡazal, “a compliment; erotic poetry”).

bor+

(poetry) ghazal (form of lyric love poetry)


استقبال

fa-noun

اِستِقبال • (esteqbâl)

اِستِقبال (canonical)
esteqbâl (romanization)

→ Bengali: এস্তেকবাল (estekbal)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: इस्तक़बाल (istaqbāl), इस्तिक़बाल (istiqbāl)

Urdu: استقبال (istiqbāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਸਤਕਬਾਲ (isatkabāl)

Shahmukhi script: استقبال (istiqbāl)

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِقْبَال (istiqbāl).

bor+

اِسْتِقْبَال

(poetry) response poem (poem with same meter and rhyme as another, intended as a reply to it)


وزن

fa-noun

وزن • (vazn) (plural وزنها, or اوزان (owzân))


ترانه

→ Azerbaijani: təranə

→ Bengali: তরানা (torana)

→ Gujarati: તરાનો (tarāno)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तराना (tarānā)

Urdu: ترانہ (tarāna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترانه (terane)

Turkish: terane

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹɒː.né]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔ.nǽ]

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”), as songs pass through air. Compare Northern Kurdish terrane (“joke, fun”), following a different route of sense development.


قهرمان

fa-noun

قهرمان • (qahramân) (plural قهرمانان (qahramânân), or قهرمانها (qahramân-hâ))

qahramân (romanization)
قهرمانان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhrəman

→ Chagatai: قهرمان

Uyghur: قەھرىمان (qehriman)

Uzbek: qahramon

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हरमान (qaharmān)

Urdu: قہرمان (qahrmān)

→ Georgian: ყარამანი (q̇aramani)

→ Kazakh: қаһарман (qaharman)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهرمان

Turkish: kahraman

→ Turkmen: gahryman

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɑː.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɔː.ɾä.mɔ́ːn]

[qæɦ.ɹæ.mɒ́ːn]

From original کهرمان (kahramân), from a dialectal form of Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾlplmʾn /kārframān/, “overseer, manager”), from Old Median *karhramāna-. The form with initial q- by association with Arabic قَهْر (qahr, “conquest, subjugation, violence, wrath”).

der

قهرمان فیلم اکشن


نستعلیق

head

نَسْتَعْلیق • (nasta'liq)

fa-proper noun

نَسْتَعْلیق • (nasta'liq)

نَسْتَعْلیق (canonical)
nasta'liq (romanization)

[næs.t̪ʰæʔ.líːɢ̥]

Blend of نَسْخ (nasx) + تَعْلیق (ta'liq), respectively from the Arabic نَسْخ (nasḵ) and تَعْلِيق (taʕlīq), two styles of calligraphy.

blend

(calligraphy) Nastaliq, Nastaleeq (style of calligraphy)


قصیده

fa-noun

قَصیده • (qaside) (plural قَصایِد (qasâyed))

قَصیده (canonical)
qaside (romanization)
قَصایِد (plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَصِيدَة (qaṣīda)bor.
Persian قَصِیدَه
Borrowed from Arabic قَصِيدَة (qaṣīda).

etymon

ar>قَصِيدَة>poem

قَصِیدَه


شکسته‌نستعلیق

شکستهنستعلیق (canonical)
šekaste-nasta'liq (romanization)

From شِکَسْتَه (šekaste) + نَسْتَعْلیق (nasta'liq), literally “broken Nastaliq”.

af

(calligraphy) Shikasta Nasta'liq (a style of calligraphy)


مقطع

fa-noun

مقطع • (maqta') (plural مقطعها, or مقاطع (maqâte'))

→ Ottoman Turkish: مقطع

→ Turkish: makta

(poetry) the last line of a qasida or ghazal


رباعی

رباعی • (robâ'i) (plural رباعیات (robâ'iyyât))

[rʊ.bɑː.ʔíː]

[rʊ.bɑː.ʔíː]

[ɹo.bɒː.ʔíː]

Borrowed from Arabic رُبَاعِيّ (rubāʕiyy), related to أَرْبَعَة (ʔarbaʕa, “four”).


خط کرسی

fa-noun

خط کرسی • (xatt-e korsi) (plural خطوط کرسی (xotut-e korsi), or خطهای کرسی (xat-hâ-ye korsi))

xatt-e korsi (romanization)
خطوط کرسی (plural)


سهل ممتنع

sahl-e momtane' (romanization)
سهل و ممتنع (alternative)

From Arabic سَهْل مُمْتَنِع (sahl mumtaniʕ).

borrowed

سَهْل مُمْتَنِع

ویژگی اصلی شعر سعدی سهل ممتنع بودن آن است.

The main feature of the poetry of Saadi is its inimitable simplicity.

Something that looks simple or easy, but difficult to imitate.

(poetry) A poem, verse, or literary work with inimitable simplicity, something that uses easy language, but is difficult to imitate; sahl-e-momtane', sahl-i-mumtani', sahl-e-mumtani', sahl-u-mumtani'.


خراسانی

head

خراسانی • (xorâsâni)

fa-proper noun

خراسانی • (xorâsâni)

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑː.níː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑː.níː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑː.níː]

From خراسان (xorâsân) + ـی (-i, suffix forming adjectives).

af

ـی
<id:adjective><pos:suffix forming adjectives>


سواد

→ Azerbaijani: savad

→ Kazakh: сауат (sauat)

→ Middle Armenian: սաւատ (sawat)

→ Kyrgyz: сабат (sabat)

→ Tatar: сәвәт (säwät), сәвад (säwad)

→ Uzbek: савод (savod)

[sä.wɔ́ːd̪̥]

[sæ.vɒ́ːd̪̥]

Saadi Shirazi
لبان لعل چون خون کبوتر -- سواد زلف چون پر پرستو

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(archaic, literature) blackness (of hair, eyes, ink, etc.)

(archaic, literature) darkness (of night, etc.)

(archaic, literature) innermost part (of heart)


شکرشکن

From شکر (šakkar, “sugar”) + شکن (šakan-, “to break”).

compound

1315-1390, Hafez, Divan
طوطی شکرشکن
tûti-i šakkar-šakan
sweet-sounding parrot
شکرشکن شوند همه طوطیان هند
زین قند پارسی که به بنگاله میرود
šakkar-šakan šavand hama tûtiyân-i hind
zîn qand-i pârsî ki ba bangâla mê-ravad
All parrots of India would become sweet-sounding
Because of this Persian that is spreading to Bengal

(archaic, literature) having a mellifluous voice, sweet-sounding (especially of the beloved or birds)


چاپگر سه‌بعدی

fa-noun

چاپگرهای سهبعدی

چاپگر سهبعدی • (čâpgar-e se-bo'di) (plural چاپگرهای سهبعدی)

چاپگر سهبعدی (canonical)
čâpgar-e se-bo'di (romanization)
چاپگرهای سهبعدی (plural)
چاپگر سه بعدی (alternative)

fa:چاپگر سه‌بعدی


سروش

head

سروش • (sorôš)

fa-proper noun

سروش • (sorôš)

→ Azerbaijani: süruş

→ Udi: соруш (soruš)

→ Urdu: سروش (saroš)

Inherited from Middle Persian slwš (/Srōš/), from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬊𐬱𐬀 (sraoša, “Sraosha”).

inh+

(Islam, poetry) A messenger angel who brings good news from God, an Islamization of the Zoroastrian figure; often considered a Persian name or title of the archangel Gabriel.


مصراع

fa-noun

مصراع • (mesrâ')

(poetry) hemistich; half of a بیت (beyt, “line of verse”)


معما

مُعَمّا • (mo'ammâ) (plural معماها, or مُعَمّات (mo'ammât))

مُعَمّا (canonical)
mo'ammâ (romanization)
معماها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: müəmma

→ Ottoman Turkish: معما (mu'ammâ)

Turkish: muamma

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَمًّى (muʕamman), passive participle of عَمَّى (ʕammā, “to conceal, make cryptic”).

bor+

(poetry) very short poem which conceals the name of a person, to be puzzled out through textual clues


راوی

fa-noun

راوی • (râvi) (plural رواة (ravât), or راویان (râviyân))

(literature) narrator (of a novel, etc.)


خفیف

fa-adj

خفیف • (xafif) (comparative خفیفتَر, superlative خفیفتَرین)

xafif (romanization)
خفیفتَر (comparative)
خفیفتَرین (superlative)

(poetry) Relating to a certain type of poetic meter, usually found in masnavis.


تعلیق

[t̪ʰäʔ.líːq]

[t̪ʰäʔ.líːq]

[t̪ʰɑː.líːq]

[t̪ʰæʔ.líːɢ̥]

[t̪ʰæʔ.líːɢ̥]

[t̪ʰæː.líːɢ̥]


ترکیب‌بند

ترکیببند (canonical)
tarkib-band (romanization)

[t̪ʰæɹ.kʰʲiːb.bǽn̪d̪̥]

From تَرْکِیب (tarkib, “combination”) + بَنْد (band, “link, bond”).

af

ترجیعبند ترجیعبند#Persian

(poetry) A form of classical Persian poetry, composed of multiple stanzas which each have their own rhyme, with a different rhyming couplet between each stanza. When the same couplet is repeated like a refrain between every stanza instead of there being a different couplet between each stanza, it is called a ترجیعبند (tarji'-band) instead.


ردیف

radīf (romanization)
radif (romanization)

→ English: radif


مناظره

fa-noun

مناظره • (monâzare or monâzere) (plural مناظرات (monâzarât))

monâzare (romanization)
monâzere (romanization)
مناظرات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُنَاظَرَة (munāẓara).

bor+

(poetry) poetic disputation (a genre of poetry)


حماسی

fa-adj

حماسی • (hamâsi)

[ʔä.mɑː.síː]

Borrowed from Arabic حَمَاسِيّ (ḥamāsiyy).


چلیپا

fa-noun

چلیپا • (čalipâ)

[t͡ʃʰä.liː.pʰɑ́ː]

[t͡ʃʰä.liː.pʰɑ́ː]

[t͡ʃʰä.liː.pʰɑ́ː]

[t͡ʃʰä.li.pʰɔ́ː]

[t͡ʃʰæ.liː.pʰɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܨܠܝܒܐ (ṣəlīḇā) or some other Aramaic form, perhaps via Sogdian ܨܠܝܒܐ (clybʾ, “Cross, crucifix”). Aramaic /ṣ/ is often borrowed as /č/ in Middle Iranian. Doublet of صلیب (salib).

bor

(calligraphy) Chalipa (calligraphic panel)

something cruciform or crooked:
Chalipa (calligraphic panel)


تجاهل‌العارف

تجاهلالعارف (canonical)
tajâholo-l-'âref (romanization)

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒɑː.ɦʊ.lʊl.ʔɑː.ɾɪ́f]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒɑː.ɦʊ.lʊl.ʔɑː.ɾɪ́f]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒɑː.wʊ.lʊ.lɑː.ɾɪ́f]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic تَجَاهُل الْعَارِف (tajāhul al-ʕārif, literally “the feigned ignorance of one who is knowledgeable”).

ubor

تَجَاهُل الْعَارِف

feigned ignorance (as a rhetorical device)


مردم‌گیاه

fa-noun

مردمگیاه • (mardum-giyāh / mardom-giyâh)

مردمگیاه (canonical)
mardum-giyāh (romanization)
mardom-giyâh (romanization)
مردمگیا (alternative)
مردمگیا (alternative)
مردمگیاه (alternative)
مردم گیاه (alternative)
مردم گیا (alternative)

From مردم (mardum /mardom, “people”) + گیاه (giyāh /giyâh, “plant”)

af

در افسانهها، مردمگیاه گیاهی است که شکل انسان و نیروی جادویی دارد.

dar afsâne-hâ, mardom-giyâh giyâhi ast ke šekl-e ensân va niru-ye jâduyi dârad.

In legends, mardomgiyâh is a plant shaped like a human with magical power.

(folklore, mythology) A magical herb in Persian tradition, often believed to resemble a human form or to have powers related to love, fate, or charm. Sometimes associated with protective or talismanic uses.


مهرگیاه

mihrgiyāh (romanization)
mehrgiyâh (romanization)

[me̞ɦɾ.ɡi.jɑ́ːʱ]

[me̞ɦɾ.ɡi.jɑ́ːʱ]

[meɦɹ.ɡʲi.jɒ́ːʰ]

From مهر (mihr /mehr, “affection, love,”) + گیاه (giyāh /giyâh, “plant”)

در افسانهها، مهرگیاه را گیاهی جادویی میدانند که انسان را خوشبخت میکند.

dar afsâne-hâ, mehrgiyâh râ giyâhi mi-dânand ke ensân ra xošbaxt mi-konad.

In legends, mehrgiyâh is considered a magical plant that brings happiness.

مردمگیاه مردمگیاه#Persian

(folklore, mythology) synonym of مردمگیاه (mardum-giyāh /mardom-giyâh)