اسم

head

اسم • (esm) (plural اسمها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi) or اَسْماء (asmâ'))

esm (romanization)
اسمها (plural)
اسامی (plural)
اَسْماء (plural)

→ Chagatai: اسم

Uzbek: ism

Uyghur: ئىسىم (isim)

→ Gujarati: ઇસમ (isam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इस्म (isma)

Urdu: اِسْم (ism)

→ Kannada: ಇಸಮು (isamu)

→ Marathi: इसम (isam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسم (ism, isim)

Turkish: isim


چشم

چَشْم or چِشْم • (čašm or češm) (plural چشمان (čašmân) or چشمها (čašm-hâ))

چَشْم (canonical)
چِشْم (canonical)
čašm (romanization)
češm (romanization)
چشمان (plural)
چشمها (plural)
چشم (singular)
čéšm (singular)
چشمان، چشمها (plural)
češmấn, češm-hấ (plural)
چشما (colloquial plural)
češmấ (plural)
چشم را (definite direct-object singular)
čéšm râ (definite direct-object singular)
چشم رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
čéšmo (definite direct-object singular)
چشمان را، چشمها را (definite direct-object plural)
češmấn râ, češm-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
چشما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
češmấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
چشم (ezafe singular)
čéšm-e (ezafe singular)
چشمان، چشمهای (ezafe plural)
češmấn-e, češm-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چشمای (colloquial ezafe plural)
češmấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چشمی (definite relative singular)
چشمی (indefinite singular stressed)
čéšm-i (definite relative singular)
čéšm-i (indefinite singular stressed)
چشمانی، چشمهایی (definite plural relative)
چشمانی، چشمهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
češmấn-i, češm-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
češmấn-i, češm-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
چشمایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
چشمایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
češmấi (definite plural relative)
češmấi (indefinite plural stressed)
چشمم (first-person possessive singular)
čéšmam (first-person possessive singular)
چشمانم (first-person possessive singular)
češmấnam (first-person possessive singular)
چشمام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
češmấm (first-person possessive singular)
چشمت (possessive second-person singular)
čéšmat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
čéšmet (possessive second-person singular)
چشمانت (possessive second-person singular)
češmấnat (possessive second-person singular)
چشمات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
češmất (possessive second-person singular)
چشمش (possessive singular third-person)
čéšmaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
čéšmeš (possessive singular third-person)
چشمانش (possessive singular third-person)
češmấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
چشماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
češmấš (possessive singular third-person)
چشممان (first-person plural possessive)
čéšmemân (first-person plural possessive)
چشممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
čéšmemun (first-person plural possessive)
چشمانمان (first-person plural possessive)
češmấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
چشمامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
češmấmun (first-person plural possessive)
چشمتان (plural possessive second-person)
čéšmetân (plural possessive second-person)
چشمتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
čéšmetun (plural possessive second-person)
چشمانتان (plural possessive second-person)
češmấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
چشماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
češmấtun (plural possessive second-person)
چشمشان (plural possessive third-person)
čéšmešân (plural possessive third-person)
چشمشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
čéšmešun (plural possessive third-person)
چشمانشان (plural possessive third-person)
češmấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
چشماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
češmấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: চশম (cośom)

→ Gujarati: ચશ્મ (caśma), ચશમ (caśam)

→ Hindi: चश्म (caśma)

→ Urdu: چَشْم (caśm)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (AYNE), [script needed] (čšm /čašm/), from Proto-Iranian *čášma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma. Cognate with Sanskrit चक्षस् (cakṣas).

cheshmat, Mehrnoosh
میدونستی که توی چشمای تو رنگینکمون رو میشه دید؟
mi-dunesti ke tu-ye češmâ-ye to rangin-kamun ro mi-še did?
Did you know that in your eyes the rainbow can be seen?
چشمان قشنگ سبزش هیچوقت از خاطرم نمیروند.
češmân-e qašang-e sabzaš hič-vaqt az xâteram nemi-ravand.

I'll never forget his/her beautiful green eyes.


لسان

لسان • (lesân) (plural السنه (alsene) or لسانها (lesân-hâ))

lesân (romanization)
السنه (plural)
لسانها (plural)


کیر

→ Gujarati: કેર (ker)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیر (kir)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kyl /kēr/, “penis”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (kūra, “membrum virile”), Northern Kurdish kîr (/kīr/), Central Kurdish کێر (kêr /kēr/), Zazaki kîr (kīr) and Northern Luri کێل (kıl). Note also Middle Armenian կլիր (klir).

cog

دوستان کار کیر بازی نیست / هیچ کاری بدین درازی نیست
dōstān kār i kēr bāzī nēst / hēč kārē badēn dirāzī nēst. (Ubayd e Zakani)


چوچوله

head

چوچوله • (čučule)

fa-noun

چوچوله • (čučule)

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]


مارس

head

مارس • (mârs)

fa-noun

مارس • (mârs)

Borrowed from French Mars, from Latin Mārs.


قلم

head

قَلَم • (qalam) (plural قلمها (qalam-hâ) or اقلام (aqlâm))

قَلَم (canonical)
qalam (romanization)
قلمها (plural)
اقلام (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).


جنس

جنس • (jens) (plural اجناس (ajnâs) or جنسها (jens-hâ))

jens (romanization)
اجناس (plural)
جنسها (plural)

جنس اسمها


قطب

قطب • (qotb) (plural قطبها (qotb-hâ) or اقطاب (aqtâb))

qotb (romanization)
قطبها (plural)
اقطاب (plural)

(Sufism) saint; specifically, a high-ranking saint considered the "pole of the world".


سرطان

[sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[sæ.ɹæ.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

[sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɔ́n]

Borrowed from Arabic سَرَطَان (saraṭān).


کام

→ Khalaj: kâm


گند

گُنداوری (gondâvari), گُنداور (gondâvar)

(anatomy, archaic, dialectal, Kazerun, Khesht, Konartakhteh) testicle

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


بیخودی

From بیخود (bixod, “selfless”) + ـی (-i).

(Sufism) selflessness (More than mere selflessness, it describes a state of ecstasy and joyous intoxication resulting from a state of unity with God.)


کی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kad /kay/, “legendary ancient king of Iran”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 (kauui, “poet, bard; vision-poet, Mazdean sacrificer”), from Proto-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-. The visionary poets of the Avesta were mistakenly interpreted as ancient kings by the Sasanian Zoroastrian priests.

der

(Iranian mythology) Key, Kay: the title of a number of legendary kings of Iran, belonging to the mythical Kayanian dynasty.


زانو

From Proto-Iranian *jā́nu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́nu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognate with Mazanderani زندی (zendi), Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu), Latin genū, English knee.


بازو

head

بازو • (bâzu) (plural بازوها (bâzu-hâ) or بازوان (bâzovân))

bâzu (romanization)
بازوها (plural)
بازوان (plural)

→ Bengali: বাজু (baju)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बाज़ू (bāzū)

Urdu: بازو (bāzo)

→ Kannada: ಬಾಜು (bāju)

→ Malay: baju (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: pazu

From Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (bāzu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬰𐬬𐬋 (bāzvō), Khotanese bāysū, Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu) and Ancient Greek πῆχυς (pêkhus, “forearm”). Also akin to Old Armenian բազուկ (bazuk), an Iranian borrowing.


ناهید

ناهید • (nâhid)

fa-proper noun

ناهید • (nâhid)

→ Gujarati: નાહીદ (nāhīd)

[nɒː.ɦiːd̪̥]

From earlier اَنَاهِید (anāhīd), from Middle Persian ʾnʾhyt' (anāhīd). Cognate with Northern Kurdish Nehîda, Nehî and Central Kurdish ناهیە (nahye), ناهێ (nahê).


باد

→ Indonesian: bad

→ Pashto: باد (bâd)

→ Urdu: باد (bād)

From Middle Persian wād, from Proto-Iranian *HwáHatah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwáHatas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“wind”).


لب

head

لب • (lab) (plural لبان (labân) or لبها (lab-hâ))

lab (romanization)
لبان (plural)
لبها (plural)

→ Khalaj: ləb

From Proto-Iranian *lab- / *lap-, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“lip, to lick”).

inh

اگه گفتی دوستت دارم فقط بازی لبهات بود.

(colloquial) If (when) you said you love me, you weren't serious. (Literally: it was only your lip play.)

Age gofti duset dâram faqat bâziye labhât bud.


شدن

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شُدَن • (šodan) (present stem شَو (šav))

شُدَن (canonical)
šodan (romanization)
شَو (present stem)
شدن (infinitive)
šodán (infinitive)
شو (present stem)
šav (present stem)
شد (past stem)
šod (past stem)
شونده (participle present)
šavandé (participle present)
شده (participle past)
šodé (participle past)
شوم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šávam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شوی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šávi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شود (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šávad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شویم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šávim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شوید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šávid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شوند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šávand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشوم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-šavam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشوی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-šavi (indicative present second-person singular)
میشود (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-šavad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشویم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-šavim (first-person indicative plural present)
میشوید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-šavid (indicative plural present second-person)
میشوند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-šavand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میشوم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-šavam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میشوی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-šavi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میشود (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-šavad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میشویم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-šavim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میشوید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-šavid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میشوند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-šavand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šodé-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šodé-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šodé ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šodé-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šodé-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šodé-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شدم (first-person indicative past singular)
šódam (first-person indicative past singular)
شدی (indicative past second-person singular)
šódi (indicative past second-person singular)
شد (indicative past singular third-person)
šod (indicative past singular third-person)
شدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šódim (first-person indicative past plural)
شدید (indicative past plural second-person)
šódid (indicative past plural second-person)
شدند (indicative past plural third-person)
šódand (indicative past plural third-person)
میشدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-šodam (first-person indicative past singular)
میشدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-šodi (indicative past second-person singular)
میشد (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-šod (indicative past singular third-person)
میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-šodim (first-person indicative past plural)
میشدید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-šodid (indicative past plural second-person)
میشدند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-šodand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میشدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-šodam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میشدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-šodi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میشد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-šod (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-šodim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میشدید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-šodid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میشدند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-šodand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šodé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šodé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šodé búd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šodé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šodé búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šodé búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم شد (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám šod (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی شد (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí šod (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد شد (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád šod (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم شد (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím šod (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید شد (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd šod (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند شد (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd šod (future indicative plural third-person)
بشوم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béšavam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشوی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béšavi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشود (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béšavad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشویم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béšavim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشوید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béšavid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشوند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béšavand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šodé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šodé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šodé bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šodé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šodé bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šodé bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشو (imperative second-person singular)
béšô (imperative second-person singular)
بشوید (imperative plural second-person)
béšavid (imperative plural second-person)
شدن (infinitive)
šodán (infinitive)
شه (present stem)
še (present stem)
شد (past stem)
šod (past stem)
شونده (participle present)
šavandé (participle present)
شده (participle past)
šodé (participle past)
شم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
ši (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
še (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-šam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-ši (indicative present second-person singular)
میشه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-še (indicative present singular third-person)
میشیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-šim (first-person indicative plural present)
میشین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-šin (indicative plural present second-person)
میشن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-šan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میشم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-šam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میشی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-ši (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میشه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-še (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میشیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-šim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میشین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-šin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میشن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-šan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šodám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šodí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šodé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šodím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شدهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šodín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شدهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šodán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شدم (first-person indicative past singular)
šódam (first-person indicative past singular)
شدی (indicative past second-person singular)
šódi (indicative past second-person singular)
شد (indicative past singular third-person)
šod (indicative past singular third-person)
شدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šódim (first-person indicative past plural)
شدین (indicative past plural second-person)
šódin (indicative past plural second-person)
شدن (indicative past plural third-person)
šódan (indicative past plural third-person)
میشدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-šodam (first-person indicative past singular)
میشدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-šodi (indicative past second-person singular)
میشد (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-šod (indicative past singular third-person)
میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-šodim (first-person indicative past plural)
میشدین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-šodin (indicative past plural second-person)
میشدن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-šodan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میشدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-šodam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میشدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-šodi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میشد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-šod (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-šodim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میشدین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-šodin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میشدن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-šodan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šodé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šodé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šodé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šodé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šodé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šodé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بشم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
béšam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béši (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
béše (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
béšim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
béšin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
béšan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šodé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šodé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šodé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šodé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šodé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šodé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشو (imperative second-person singular)
béšô (imperative second-person singular)
بشین (imperative plural second-person)
béšin (imperative plural second-person)
شدن (infinitive)
šudán (infinitive)
شو (present stem)
šaw (present stem)
شد (past stem)
šud (past stem)
شونده (participle present)
šawindá (participle present)
شده (participle past)
šudá (participle past)
شوم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šáwam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شوی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šáwī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شود (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šáwad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شویم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šáwēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شوید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šáwēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شوند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šáwand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشوم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šawam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشوی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šawī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشود (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-šawad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشویم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šawēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشوید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šawēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میشوند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šawand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال شدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šudan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال شدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šudan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال شدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šudan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال شدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i šudan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال شدن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šudan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال شدن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šudan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šudá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šudá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شدهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šudá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šudá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šudá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šudá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شدم (first-person indicative past singular)
šúdam (first-person indicative past singular)
شدی (indicative past second-person singular)
šúdī (indicative past second-person singular)
شد (indicative past singular third-person)
šud (indicative past singular third-person)
شدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šúdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
شدید (indicative past plural second-person)
šúdēd (indicative past plural second-person)
شدند (indicative past plural third-person)
šúdand (indicative past plural third-person)
میشدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šudam (first-person indicative past singular)
میشدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šudī (indicative past second-person singular)
میشد (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šud (indicative past singular third-person)
میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šudēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میشدید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šudēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میشدند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šudand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال شدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šudan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال شدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šudan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال شدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šudan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال شدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i šudan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال شدن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šudan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال شدن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šudan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šudá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šudá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šudá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šudá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šudá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šudá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم شد (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám šud (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی شد (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ šud (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد شد (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád šud (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم شد (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm šud (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید شد (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd šud (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند شد (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd šud (future indicative plural third-person)
بشوم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíšawam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشوی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíšawī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشود (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíšawad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشویم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bíšawēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشوید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíšawēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشوند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíšawand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šudá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šudá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šudá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šudá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šudá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šudá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشو (imperative second-person singular)
bíšaw (imperative second-person singular)
بشوید (imperative plural second-person)
bíšawēd (imperative plural second-person)
شدن (infinitive)
šudán (infinitive)
شه (present stem)
ša (present stem)
شد (past stem)
šud (past stem)
شنده (participle present)
šindá (participle present)
شده (participle past)
šudá (participle past)
شم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ša (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šum (first-person indicative present singular)
میشی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-ša (indicative present singular third-person)
میشیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میشن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل شدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i šudan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل شدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šudan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل شدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šudan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل شدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i šudan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل شدن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i šudan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل شدن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i šudan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
شدم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šudám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
شدی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šudī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
شداست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šudást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
شدیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šudḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
شدین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šudḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
شدن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šudán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
شدم (first-person indicative past singular)
šúdum (first-person indicative past singular)
شدی (indicative past second-person singular)
šúdī (indicative past second-person singular)
شده (indicative past singular third-person)
šuda (indicative past singular third-person)
شدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šúdēm (first-person indicative past plural)
شدین (indicative past plural second-person)
šúdēn (indicative past plural second-person)
شدن (indicative past plural third-person)
šúdan (indicative past plural third-person)
میشدم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šudum (first-person indicative past singular)
میشدی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šudī (indicative past second-person singular)
میشده (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šuda (indicative past singular third-person)
میشدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šudēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میشدین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šudēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میشدن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šudan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل شدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i šudan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل شدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šudan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل شدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šudan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل شدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i šudan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل شدن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i šudan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل شدن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i šudan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
شده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šudá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
شده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šudá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
شده بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šudá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
شده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šudá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
شده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šudá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
شده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šudá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم شد (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm šud (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی شد (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ šud (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه شد (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá šud (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم شد (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm šud (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین شد (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn šud (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین شد (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán šud (future indicative plural third-person)
بشم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
búšum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
búšī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
búša (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búšēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
búšēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
búšan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
شده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šudá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
شده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šudá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
شده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šudá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
شده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šudá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
شده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šudá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
شده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šudá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشو (imperative second-person singular)
búšu (imperative second-person singular)
بشین (imperative plural second-person)
búšēn (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شدن</i> (šodán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میشدیم

داشتید میشدید

داشتند میشدند

داریم میشویم

دارید میشوید

دارند میشوند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شدن</i> (šodán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میشدیم

داشتین میشدین

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شدن</i> (šudán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال شدن بودیم

در حال شدن بودم

در حال شدن بودید

در حال شدن بودی

در حال شدن بودند

در حال شدن بود

در حال شدن استیم

در حال شدن استم

در حال شدن استید

در حال شدن استی

در حال شدن استند

در حال شدن است

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شدن</i> (šudán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل شدن بودیم

ده آل شدن بودم

ده آل شدن بودین

ده آل شدن بودی

ده آل شدن بودن

ده آل شدن بود

ده آل شدن استیم

ده آل شدن استم

ده آل شدن استین

ده آل شدن استی

ده آل شدن استن

ده آل شدن است

From Middle Persian [script needed] (OZLWN-tn' /šudan/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 (š(i)yav-, “to set, go forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (“to move, go”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish çûn (“to go”), Ossetian цӕуын (cæwyn), Pashto شول (šwəl), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyávate, “move to and fro, stir”), Old Armenian չու (čʻu) and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, “put in quick motion, drive”). Note Old Armenian արշաւեմ (aršawem), ապաշաւ (apašaw), all borrowed from Iranian.

cog

(mathematics, informal) to equal; to make


قلب

قَلْب (canonical)
qalb (romanization)
قلوب (plural)

→ Gujarati: કલ્બ (kalb)

→ Urdu: قَلْب (qalb)


دست

head

دَسْت • (dast) (plural دستان (dastân) or دستها (dast-hâ))

دَسْت (canonical)
dast (romanization)
دستان (plural)
دستها (plural)
دست (singular)
dast (singular)
دستان (plural)
dastấn (plural)
دستا (colloquial plural)
dastấ (plural)
دست را (definite direct-object singular)
dast râ (definite direct-object singular)
دست رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
dasto (definite direct-object singular)
دستان را (definite direct-object plural)
dastấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
دستا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
dastấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دست (ezafe singular)
dast-e (ezafe singular)
دستان (ezafe plural)
dastấn-e (ezafe plural)
دستای (colloquial ezafe plural)
dastấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دستی (definite relative singular)
دستی (indefinite singular stressed)
dast-i (definite relative singular)
dast-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دستانی (definite plural relative)
دستانی (indefinite plural stressed)
dastấn-i (definite plural relative)
dastấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
دستایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دستایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
dastấi (definite plural relative)
dastấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دستم (first-person possessive singular)
dástam (first-person possessive singular)
دستانم (first-person possessive singular)
dastấnam (first-person possessive singular)
دستام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
dastấm (first-person possessive singular)
دستت (possessive second-person singular)
dástat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dástet (possessive second-person singular)
دستانت (possessive second-person singular)
dastấnat (possessive second-person singular)
دستات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dastất (possessive second-person singular)
دستش (possessive singular third-person)
dástaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dásteš (possessive singular third-person)
دستانش (possessive singular third-person)
dastấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
دستاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dastấš (possessive singular third-person)
دستمان (first-person plural possessive)
dástemân (first-person plural possessive)
دستمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dástemun (first-person plural possessive)
دستانمان (first-person plural possessive)
dastấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
دستامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dastấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دستتان (plural possessive second-person)
dástetân (plural possessive second-person)
دستتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dástetun (plural possessive second-person)
دستانتان (plural possessive second-person)
dastấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
دستاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dastấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دستشان (plural possessive third-person)
dástešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dástešun (plural possessive third-person)
دستانشان (plural possessive third-person)
dastấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dastấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: dəst

→ Bengali: দস্ত (dosto)

→ Gujarati: દસ્ત (dast)

→ Gulf Arabic: دست (dast, “glove”) (Kuwait)

→ Hindi: दस्त (dast)

→ Kumzari: دست

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (YDH /dast/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (dasta), from Proto-Iranian *jástah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”).
Compare Northern Kurdish dest, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta), Sogdian ܕܣܛ (ẟast-, “hand”), Sanskrit हस्त (hasta), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Albanian dorë (“hand”), Tocharian A tsar, Latin hīr (“hand”).


کرم

PIE word
 *kwŕ̥mis
From Proto-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Sanskrit कृमि (kṛ́mi, “worm”), Proto-Slavic *čьrvь (“worm”), Lithuanian kirmìs (“worm”).


حال

head

حال • (hâl) (plural حالات (hâlât) or احوال (ahvâl))

hâl (romanization)
حالات (plural)
احوال (plural)

→ Hindi: हाल (hāl)

→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)

→ Urdu: حال (hāl)

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl, “state, condition”).

bor+

condition; state
(Sufism) mystical state


کچل

head

کِچُل • (kečol)

fa-noun

کِچُل • (kečol)


ولی

Borrowed from Arabic وَلِيّ (waliyy), from the root و ل ي (w-l-y).


روش

rawiš／raveš (romanization)
روشها (plural)

From رو (raw／row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš／-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

(Sufism) levels of the mystical journey towards God


ظرف

head

ظرف • (zarf) (plural ظروف (zoruf) or ظرفها (zarf-hâ))

zarf (romanization)
ظروف (plural)
ظرفها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: zərf


فعل

فعل • (fe'l) (plural فعلها (fe'l-hâ) or افعال (af'âl))

fe'l (romanization)
فعلها (plural)
افعال (plural)


پرونده

پرونده • (parvande) (plural پروندهها (parvande-hâ))

parvande (romanization)
پروندهها (plural)

Composed of پروند (parwand) + ـه (-e, “noun making suffix”), the former part is from the present stem of Middle Persian [script needed] (plwstn, plwnd /parwastan, parwand/, “to enclose, to surround, to contain to comprise”). The contemporary meanings are a 1900s purist replacement for دوسیه (dosiye), still used to an extent (especially in Afghanistan).

inh

پرونده کاغذی

پرونده نوایی


کشف

→ Gujarati: કશફ (kaśaph)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kšwk' /kašawag/, “tortoise”), from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah. Cognate with Sanskrit कच्छप (kacchapa).


پری

head

پری • (pari) (plural پریان (pariyān) or پریها (pari-hâ))

pari (romanization)
پریان (plural)
پریها (plural)

Azerbaijani: pəri

→ Bengali: পরী (pori)

Chagatai: پری

Uyghur: پەرى (peri)

Uzbek: pari

→ Gujarati: પરી (parī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परी (parī)

Urdu: پری (parī)

Kazakh: пері (perı)

Northern Kurdish: perî

Southern Kurdish: پەری (perî)

Kyrgyz: пери (peri)

Malay: peri

Indonesian: peri (“fairy”)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پری (peri)
Turkish: peri
→ Albanian: perri
→ Armenian: փերի (pʻeri)
→ Crimean Tatar: peri
→ English: peri
→ French: péri
→ Georgian: ფერია (peria)
→ Russian: пе́ри (péri)

Pashto: پري (pari)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੀ (parī)

Shahmukhi script: پری (parī)

Sindhi: پري (parī)

Tajik: парӣ (pari)

Tatar: пәри (päri)

Turkmen: peri

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plyk' /parīg/, “witch”), ultimately from Old Persian *parikā. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian pryg (pryg), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “sorceress, witch”), Sogdian [script needed] (pṛʿyk-, “female demoness”) and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), an Iranian borrowing. Connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), and from Indo-European root *pelē- ‘to fill,’ Latin plēnus ‘full.’ Middle Persian parīg, Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), Latin parcae (“fates”), Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás, “youth, maiden”), Sanskrit पारक्य (pārakya, “strange, alien”). Pokorny derives this from Proto-Indo-European *parīkā (“concubine”).

cog

دیوسان دیوسان#Persian

(Iranian mythology) sprite or supernatural being in Iranian/Persian mythology opposed to دیوسان (daemon) and دیو (daeva); peri.

(mythology) witch (parika in Avestan mythology)


مصدر

head

مصدر • (masdar) (plural مصدرها (masdar-hâ) or مصادر (masâder))

masdar (romanization)
مصدرها (plural)
مصادر (plural)


پیر

→ Azerbaijani: pir

→ Bengali: পীর (pīr)

→ English: pir

→ Saraiki: پیر (pīr)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠤꠞ (fir)

→ Urdu: پیر (pīr)

From Middle Persian 𐬞𐬌𐬭 (pyl /pīr/, “old, aged, ancient”), from Proto-Iranian *paru- (“ash-gray, pale gray, hoary”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás (“gray”); compare Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa, “spotted, rough”) and English pale.


معده

Borrowed from Arabic مِعْدة (miʕda), alternative vocalisation of commoner مَعِدة (maʕida).


درجه

head

درجه • (daraje or dareje) (plural درجهها (daraje-hâ) or درجات (darajât))

daraje (romanization)
dareje (romanization)
درجهها (plural)
درجات (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: dərəcə

→ Bashkir: дәрәжә (dərəjə)

→ Gujarati: દરજો (darjo)

→ Hindi: दर्जा (darjā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درجه

→ Turkish: derece

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

(geometry) degree (a unit of measurement of angle equal to 1/360 of a circle's circumference)

(mathematics) degree (the sum of the exponents of a term; the order of a polynomial)


برنامه

بَرْنامِه • (barnâme) (plural برنامهها (barnâme-hâ))

بَرْنامِه (canonical)
barnâme (romanization)
برنامهها (plural)

Inherited from Middle Persian *barnāmag; by surface analysis, بر (bar-, “over”) + نامه (nâme, “letter”). Compare Arabic برنامج (barnāmaj), a Middle Persian loanword.


هما

head

هما • (homâ)

fa-noun

هما • (homâ)

From earlier همای (homây), from Middle Persian hwmʾy (humāy).

بازم و حیران شود در من هما
جغد که بود تا بداند سر ما

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1161:

I am a falcon, and (yet) the humá becomes lost in amazement at me:
who is an owl, that it should know my secret?

bāz-am u hayrān šawad dar man humā
juğd ki buwad tā bi-dānad sirr-i mā


اضافه

head

اضافه • (ezâfe) (plural اضافهها (ezâfe-hâ))

Dari: اضافه (izāfa)

Iranian Persian: اضافه (ezâfe)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 耶扎菲 (yēzhāfēi)

→ French: ézafé m

→ English: ezafe

→ Japanese: エザーフェ (ezāfe)

→ Korean: 에자페 (ejape)

Tajik: изофа (izofa)

→ Armenian: իզաֆետ (izafet)

→ Azerbaijani: izafət

→ Bengali: ইজাফা (izafa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इज़ाफ़ा (izāfā)

Urdu: اِضَافَہ (izāfa)

→ Kazakh: изафет (izafet)

→ Kumyk: изафат (izafat)

→ Kyrgyz: изафет (izafet)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: اضافه (izafe), اضافت (izafet)

Turkish: izafe, izafet, izâfe

→ Russian: изафе́т (izafét)

→ Ukrainian: ізафет (izafet)

→ Zazaki: izafe

→ Pashto: اضافه (ezāfá)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਜ਼ਾਫ਼ਾ (izāfā)

Shahmukhi script: اِضافَہ (īẓāfah)

→ Uzbek: izofat

etymon

ar>إِضَافَة>ʔiḍāfa

(grammar) the act of linking words with the ezafe grammatical particle


قبض

از قضا سرکنگبین صفرا فزود
روغن بادام خشکی مینمود
از هلیله قبض شد اطلاق رفت
آب آتش را مدد شد همچو نفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 52—53:

By Divine destiny, oxymel increased the bile,
and oil of almonds was producing dryness.
From [giving] myrobalan constipation resulted, relaxation ceased;
And water fed the flames, like naphtha.

az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
rōğan-i bādām xuškī mē-nimūd
az halīla qabz šud itlāq raft
āb ātaš rā madad šud hamčō naft


تابع

head

تابع • (tâbe')

fa-noun

تابع • (tâbe')

[t̪ʰɑː.be̞ʔ]

[t̪ʰɑː.be̞ʔ]


میاندوراه

head

میاندوراه • (miyândorâh)

fa-noun

میاندوراه • (miyândorâh)

From میان (miyân) + دو (do) + راه (râh).

fa:میاندوراه


عجان

head

عجان • ('ejân)

fa-noun

عجان • ('ejân)

[(ʔ)ɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[(ʔ)ɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

fa:میاندوراه


پرینه

fa:میاندوراه


میدان

head

میدان • (meydân) (plural میدانها (meydân-hâ))

Tajik: майдон (maydon)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Assamese: ময়দান (moyodan)

→ Azerbaijani: meydan

→ Braj: मैदान (maidān)

→ Middle Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

→ Dhivehi: މައިޒާން (maizān̊)

→ Dogri: madān

Devanagari script: मदान

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠛𑠬𑠝

→ Georgian: მოედანი (moedani)

→ Gojri: میدان (maidān)

→ Gujarati: મેદાન (medān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मैदान (maidān)

Urdu: مَیْدَانْ (maidān)

→ Kannada: ಮೈದಾನ (maidāna)

→ Kashmiri: mạ̄dān

Arabic script: مٲدان

Devanagari script: मऻदान

Sharada script: 𑆩𑆳𑆢𑆳𑆤𑇀

→ Kazakh: майдан (maidan)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Kannada script: ಮಯ್ದಾನ್

Latin script: moidan

→ Kumyk: майдан (maydan)

→ Lezgi: майдан (majdan)

→ Maithili: medān

Devanagari script: मॆदान

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒺𑒠𑒰𑒢

→ Malayalam: മൈദാനം (maidānaṁ)

→ Malvi: मेदान (medān)

→ Marathi: maidān

Devanagari script: मैदान

Modi script: 𑘦𑘺𑘟𑘰𑘡

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅑𑅥𑅧 (midn)

→ Nepali: मैदान (maidān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میدان (meydân)
Turkish: meydan
→ Albanian: mejdan
→ Aromanian: migdane, migdãni, miydane
→ Bulgarian: мегда́н (megdán)
→ Crimean Tatar: meydan
→ Czech: mejdan
→ Greek: μεϊντάνι (meïntáni)
→ Macedonian: мегдан (megdan)
→ Romanian: maidan
→ Serbo-Croatian: mègdān / мѐгда̄н, mèjdān / мѐјда̄н
→ Tatar: мәйдан (mäydan)

→ Odia: ମଇଦାନ (maidāna)

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੈਦਾਨੁ (maidānu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੈਦਾਨ (maidān), ਮਦਾਨ (madān)
Shahmukhi script: مَیدان (maidān)

→ Sindhi: maidānu

Arabic script: مَيدانُ

Devanagari script: मैदानु

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋦𑋏𑋠𑋑𑋣

→ Telugu: మైదానము (maidānamu)

→ Ukrainian: майдан (majdan) (via a Turkic language)

→ Uyghur: مەيدان (meydan)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Khorezmian Turkic: ميدان (mäydan)

→ Zazaki: meydan

Borrowed from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), itself an Iranian borrowing. Doublet of میان (miyân).

میدان مغناطیسی

(Sufism, uncommon) stage of the mystical path


کرگدن

head

کرگدن • (kargadan) (plural کرگدنها (kargadan-hâ))

kargadan (romanization)
کرگدنها (plural)

→ Avar: гаргадан (gargadan)

→ Azerbaijani: kərgədan

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkəḏānā)

→ Arabic: كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan)

→ Crimean Tatar: kerkedan

→ Gujarati: કરગદન (karagdan)

→ Gurani: کەرگەدەنگ (kargadang)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kergeden

Central Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Southern Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Laki: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

→ Lak: каргадан (kargadan)

→ Mazanderani: کرگردن (kərgadən)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քարկարտան (kʻarkartan), քարկանտան (kʻarkantan)

→ Tatar: кәркедән (kärkedän)

→ Turkish: gergedan

→ Turkmen: kerk (from کرگ (karg))

→ Uyghur: كەركىدان (kerkidan)

→ Uzbek: karkidon

[kʰʲæɹ.kʰʲæ.d̪ǽn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (klg /karg/, “rhinoceros; horn”) + [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “bearer, holder”), ultimately from Sanskrit खड्ग (khaḍga, “rhinoceros; literally sword bearer”).
Compare Arabic كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan, “rhinoceros”), Classical Syriac ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkǝḏānā, “rhinoceros”), Sanskrit खड्गधेनु (khaḍgadhenu, “a female rhinoceros”).


مترادف

head

مترادف • (motarâdef) (plural مترادفات (motarâdefât) or مترادفها (motarâdef-hâ))

motarâdef (romanization)
مترادفات (plural)
مترادفها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرَادِف (mutarādif).


نر

→ Armenian: նառ (naṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: nər

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نر (ner)
Turkish: ner

→ Turkmen: ner, iner

→ Urdu: نر (nar)

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭪𐭫 (ZKL), 𐭭𐭫 (nl /nar/, “male”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.
Cognate with Pashto نر (nar, nër), Ossetian нӕл (næl), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), and Sanskrit नर (nara).


رشته

head

رشته • (rešte) (plural رشتهها (rešte-hâ))

desc

→ Armenian: արիշտա (arišta), էրիշտա (ērišta), արշտա (aršta), ռշտա (ṙšta)

→ Azerbaijani: əriştə

→ Crimean Tatar: erişte

→ Libyan Arabic: رشتة

→ Hindi: रिश्ता (riśtā)

→ Northern Kurdish: herişte, rişte

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (riśtā)

Shahmukhi script: رشتہ (riśtā)

→ Turkish: erişte

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (lštk' /rištag/), from *rišt- (“to twist”, whence Classical Persian رشتن (rištan, “to twist, to spin”)) + -ag. The former is from Proto-Iranian *wrais- (“to turn, to spin”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *wriḱ-yé-ti (“to twist, to bend”). Compare Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬯𐬌𐬀 (uruuisia, “to turn”), German reihen (“to sew loosely”), Latin rīca (“veil”).


دستور زبان

head

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

fa-noun

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

دَسْتورِ زَبان (canonical)
dastur-e zabân (romanization)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

Fa-دستور زبان.ogg


هندسه

→ Sindhi: هندسه

Borrowed from Arabic هَنْدَسَة (handasa), itself a Middle Persian borrowing.


بیضه

head

بیضه • (beyze) (plural بیضهها (beyze-hâ))


سود

→ Bengali: সুদ (śud)

→ Hindi: सूद (sūd)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swt'), 𐫘𐫇𐫅 (swd), 𐫘𐫇𐫇𐫅 (swwd /sūd/).

inh

دل عالمی بسوزی چو عذار برفروزی
تو از این چه سود داری که نمیکنی مدارا

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 6”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

When you set your cheeks aflame, you burn the worldly heart;
What profit do you find from this, that you show no kindness?

dil-i âlamî bisôzî čô izâr bar-furôzî
tu az în či sûd dârî ki na-mê-kunî mudârâ

(including economics) profit; gain; benefit; advantage


آرنج

head

آرنج • (âranj) (plural آرنجها (âranj-hâ))

[ʔɑː.ˈɾand͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɔː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ̥]

[ʔɒː.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haratníš. Compare Sanskrit अरत्नि (aratni).


بار

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

From Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “load, burden; duty; fruit”), from Proto-Iranian *bāra- (“load”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).


سیمرغ

head

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

fa-proper noun

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

Akin to Middle Persian 𐭮𐭩𐭭𐭬𐭥𐭫𐭥: synmwlw (sēn-murw).
According to folk etymology a compound of سی (si, “thirty”) and مرغ (morğ, “bird”). See also The Speech of the Birds.


سیامک

Cognate with Sanskrit श्यामक (śyāmaka, “dark-coloured, dark”).


ماهیچه

head

ماهیچه • (mâhiče) (plural ماهیچهها (mâhiče-hâ))

[mɑː.ɦiː.t͡ʃʰä]

[mɑː.ɦiː.t͡ʃʰä]

From ماهی (mâhi, “fish”) + ـچه (če, “diminutive suffix”), literally “little fish”. Compare Central Kurdish ماسوولکە (masûlke).
Compare typologically Latin musculus (“muscle”, literally “little mouse”) (whence English muscle).


جمع

Borrowed from Arabic جَمْع (jamʕ), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).


صفحه‌کلید

صفحهکلید (canonical)
safhe-kelid (romanization)


صفحه

head

صَفْحِه • (safhe) (plural صفحهها (safhe-hâ) or صفحات (safahât))

صَفْحِه (canonical)
safhe (romanization)
صفحهها (plural)
صفحات (plural)


دول

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dōl, “bucket; Aquarius”) of Semitic origin, compare Arabic دلو (dalw), Classical Syriac ܕܰܘܠܳܐ (dawlā), Akkadian 𒁕𒇻 (/dalū, dūlu/, “bucket”). Akin to Old Armenian դոյլ (doyl).


عبارت

head

عبارت • (ebârat) (plural عبارات ('ebârât) or عبارتها (ebârat-hâ))

ebârat (romanization)
عبارات (plural)
عبارتها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इबारत (ibārat)

Urdu: عِبارَت (ibārat)

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]


انتگرال

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

fa-noun

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

[ʔæn̪.t̪ʰeɡʲ.ɹɒ́ːl̥]


توان

head

توان • (tavân)

fa-noun

توان • (tavân)

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (twbʾn' /tuwān/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]


حد

head

حدّ • (hadd) (plural حُدود (hodud) or حدها (hadd-hâ))

حدّ (canonical)
hadd (romanization)
حُدود (plural)
حدها (plural)

→ Bengali: হদ্দ (hoddo)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްދު (haddu)

→ Gujarati: હદ (had)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हद (had)

Urdu: حَد (had, hadd)

→ Marathi: हद्द (hadda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਦ (hadda)

Shahmukhi script: حَدّ (ḥadd)


مقدمه

مقدمه • (moqaddame) (plural مقدمات (moqaddamât))

moqaddame (romanization)
مقدمات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّمَة (muqaddama), the passive equivalent of the active participle مُقَدِّمَة (muqaddima).

bor+

Coordinate term: نتیجه (natije)


نتیجه

head

نتیجه • (natije) (plural نتایج (natâyej) or نتیجهها (natije-hâ))

natije (romanization)
نتایج (plural)
نتیجهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic نَتِيجَة (natīja, “result”).


ضمیر

head

ضمیر • (zamir) (plural ضمایر (zamâyer) or ضمیرها (zamir-hâ))

zamir (romanization)
ضمایر (plural)
ضمیرها (plural)

→ Bengali: জমীর (jomir)

→ Gujarati: ઝમીર (jhamīr), જમીર (jamīr)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ਮੀਰ (zamīr)


قید

qeyd (romanization)
قیود (plural)
اقیاد (plural)


شیء

شیء • (šay'／šey') (plural اشیاء or شیءها)

šay'／šey' (romanization)
اشیاء (plural)
شیءها (plural)

شیء فیزیکی

شیء ریاضی

(physics, mathematics, computer science, philosophy) object


دستور

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

دَسْتور (canonical)
dastur (romanization)
دستورها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
Turkish: düstur
→ Swahili: desturi

→ Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)

→ English: dastur

→ Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

→ Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

Northern Kurdish: destûr

→ Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

→ Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).


مقعد

Borrowed from Arabic مَقْعَد (maqʕad, “seat”).

bor+

مقعد بخش پایانی دستگاه گوارش در موجودات زنده است.

The anus is the final part of the digestive system in living organisms.

maq'ad baxš-e pâyâni-ye dastgâh-e govâreš dar mowjudât-e zende ast.


ذکر

head

ذکر • (zakar) (plural ذکور (zokur) or ذکرها (zakar-hâ))

zakar (romanization)
ذکور (plural)
ذکرها (plural)


نمونه

نِمونِه • (nemune)

fa-noun

نِمونِه • (nemune)

نِمونِه (canonical)
nemune (romanization)

→ Arabic:

Omani Arabic: نمونة (nemūne)

→ Azerbaijani: nümunə

→ Baluchi: نمونہ (namuna)

→ Assamese: নমুনা (nomuna)

→ Bengali: নমুনা (nomuna)

desc

→ Chagatai: نَمُوْنَه

→ Chagatai: نَمُوْنَه

Uyghur: نەمۇنە (nemune)

Uzbek: namuna

→ Dhivehi: ނަމޫނާ (namūnā)

→ Dogri: namūna

Devanagari script: नमूना

Dogra script: 𑠝𑠢𑠰𑠝𑠬

→ Gojri: نَمُونو (namūno)

→ Gujarati: નમૂનો (namūno)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: नमूना (namūnā)

desctree

→ Urdu: نَمُونَہ (namūna)
→ Burmese: နမူနာ (na.muna)

→ Kannada: ನಮೂನೆ (namūne)

→ Maithili: namūnā

Devanagari script: नमूना

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒧𑒴𑒢𑒰

→ Malvi: नमूनो (namūno)

→ Marathi: नमुना (namunā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: नमूनौ (namūnau)

Mahajani script: 𑅧𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅒 (nmunu)

desc

→ Nepali: नमुना (namunā), नमूना (namūnā)

→ Odia: ନମୁନା (namunā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نمونه (nümune)

Turkish: numune

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮੂਨਾ (namūnā)

Shahmukhi script: نَمُوْنَہ (namūnah)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: نَمُونو

Devanagari script: नमूनो

Sindhi: 𑋑𑋗𑋤𑋑𑋧 (namūno)

→ Tamil: நமூனா (namūṉā)

→ Telugu: నమూనా (namūnā)

→ Varhadi: नमुना (namunā)


جیب

→ Assamese: জেপ (zep)

→ Azerbaijani: cib

→ Bengali: জেব (jeb)

→ Georgian: ჯიბე (ǯibe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेब (jeb)

Urdu: جیب (jeb), جَیب (jaib)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جیب (ceb, cep)
Turkish: cep
→ Albanian: xhep
→ Bulgarian: джоб (džob)
→ Greek: τσέπη (tsépi)
→ Hungarian: zseb
→ Ladino: djep
→ Laz: ჯები (cebi), ჟები (jebi) — Vizha, ჯებე (cebe) — Akçakoca
→ Macedonian: џеб (džeb)
→ Middle Armenian: ճէպ (čēp)
Armenian: ջեբ (ǰeb), ճեպ (čep), ջիբ (ǰib), ջոբ (ǰob), ջուբ (ǰub), ջիպ (ǰip), ջեպ (ǰep), ջոպ (ǰop), ջուպ (ǰup), ջէբ (ǰēb), ճէպ (čēp) — traditional orthography
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џе̏п, же̏п (colloquial)
Latin script: džȅp, žȅp (colloquial)
→ Slovene: žep

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੇਬ (jeb)

Shahmukhi script: جیب (jeb)

Etymology tree
Arabic جَيْب (jayb)bor.
Persian جیبBorrowed from Arabic جَيْب (jayb).

etymon

(trigonometry, mathematics, archaic) sine


زمان

head

زمان • (zamân) (plural زمانها (zamân-hâ) or ازمنه (azmâne))

zamân (romanization)
زمانها (plural)
ازمنه (plural)

→ Armenian: զաման (zaman)

→ Azerbaijani: zaman

→ Bashkir: заман (zaman)

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)

→ Kazakh: заман (zaman)

→ Kermanic:

Qohrudi: zamān

→ Khalaj: zamân

→ Central Kurdish: زهمان (zeman)

→ Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)

→ Malay: زمان / zaman

Indonesian: zaman, jaman

→ Ossetian: за́ман (záman)

→ Pashto: زمانه (zamâna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)

→ Turkish: zaman

→ Greek: ζαμάνι (zamáni)

→ Albanian: zaman

→ Serbo-Croatian: заман

→ Tatar: заман (zaman)

→ Waigali: zëmën

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (ẕmʾn' /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩 (zmn' /zamān/), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /zamān/), from Old Persian *jamānā; see there for more.

زمان گذشته ― zamân-e gozašte ― past tense

time, epoch, period, age, season (a broad time period; not the precise time on a clock)


گرزه

→ Azerbaijani: gürzə

→ Armenian: գյուրզա (gyurza)

→ Russian: гюрза́ (gjurzá) (via Turkic)

From گرز (gorz, “mace”) + ـه (-e), because of the snake's large head. Compare Classical Syriac ܓܪܣܐ (gārsā), an Iranian borrowing.


سرور

سِروِر • (server) (plural سرورها (server-hâ))

سِروِر (canonical)
server (romanization)
سرورها (plural)


رویه

From رو (rav-, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـیه (-iyye).

af

رو
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)>


رویه

From روی (ruy, “face, surface”) + ـه (-e).


مجموعه

head

مجموعه • (majmu'e) (plural مجموعهها (majmu'e-hâ))

majmu'e (romanization)
مجموعهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مَجْمُوعَة (majmūʕa).

bor+

(mathematics) set (set theory: collection of objects)


معادله

head

معادله • (mo'âdele) (plural معادلهها (mo'âdele-hâ) or معادلات (mo'âdelât))

mo'âdele (romanization)
معادلهها (plural)
معادلات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَادَلَة (muʕādala).


فعل متعدی

head

فعل متعدی • (fe'l-e mote'addi, fe'l-e mota'addi)

fe'l-e mote'addi (romanization)
fe'l-e mota'addi (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ (fiʕl mutaʕaddin).

bor+

فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ


جمله

head

جمله • (jomle) (plural جملات (jomalât) or جملهها (jomle-hâ))

jomle (romanization)
جملات (plural)
جملهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुमला (jumlā)

Urdu: جُمْلَہ (jumlā)

(grammar) sentence (grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate)


ندا

حرف ندا
حرف ندا#Persian

(grammar) interjection; Short for حرف ندا (harf-e nedâ).


پوست ختنه‌گاه

پوست ختنهگاه

fa-noun

پوست ختنهگاه

پوست ختنهگاه (canonical)
pust xatne-gâh (romanization)


ختنه‌گاه

ختنهگاه (canonical)
xatne-gâh (romanization)

[xät̪.nä.ɡɑːʱ]

[xät̪.nä.ɡɑːʱ]

[χät̪.nä.ɡɔʱ]


فیلترشکن

(computing) filter-break (software that enables an Internet user to gain access to filtered, or blocked, webpages.)


جنون

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुनून (junūn)

Urdu: جنون (junūn)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਨੂਨ (janūn)

Shahmukhi script: جنون (janūn)


نعوظ

head

نعوظ • (no'uz) (plural نعوظها (no'uz-hâ))


آوا

âvâ (romanization)
آواها (plural)
آوا (singular)
âvấ (singular)
آواها (plural)
âvâ-hấ (plural)
آوا را (definite direct-object singular)
âvấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
آوا رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
âvấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
آواها را (definite direct-object plural)
âvâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
آواها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
âvâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
آوای (ezafe singular)
âvấ-ye (ezafe singular)
آواهای (ezafe plural)
âvâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
آوایی (definite relative singular)
آوایی (indefinite singular stressed)
âvấ-i (definite relative singular)
âvấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
آواهایی (definite plural relative)
آواهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
âvâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
âvâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
آوایم (first-person possessive singular)
âvấyam (first-person possessive singular)
آوام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âvấm (first-person possessive singular)
آواهایم (first-person possessive singular)
âvâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
آواهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âvâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
آوایت (possessive second-person singular)
âvấyat (possessive second-person singular)
آوات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âvất (possessive second-person singular)
آواهایت (possessive second-person singular)
âvâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
آواهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âvâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
آوایش (possessive singular third-person)
âvấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
آواش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âvấš (possessive singular third-person)
آواهایش (possessive singular third-person)
âvâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
آواهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âvâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
آوایمان (first-person plural possessive)
âvấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
آوامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âvấmun (first-person plural possessive)
آواهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
âvâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
آواهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âvâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
آوایتان (plural possessive second-person)
âvấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
آواتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âvấtun (plural possessive second-person)
آواهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
âvâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
آواهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âvâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
آوایشان (plural possessive third-person)
âvấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
آواشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âvấšun (plural possessive third-person)
آواهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
âvâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
آواهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âvâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾʾwʾg /āwāg/, “voice, speech”).


مازندران

head

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

fa-proper noun

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɔː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[mɒː.zæn̪.d̪æ.ɹɒ́ːn]

Literally, “the gate or the valley of the giants” from مازن (mâzan) + در (dar) + ـان (-ân), from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mazaⁱniia, “giant”). The name has been used in Shahnameh to refer to a land inhabited by divs (daevas) and sorcerers and is difficult to conquer. On the other hand, after Muslim invasion of Persia, the region of Tabaristan remained unconquered for a relatively long period of time, which was later called (and mistaken for) Mazandaran.

lit

(Iranian mythology) Mazandaran (a land mentioned in Shahnameh and Avesta)

Mazandaran (A northern province of Iran)

استان مازندران


زوجیت

Borrowed from Arabic زَوْجِيَّة (zawjiyya).


زیر بغل

head

زیر بغل • (zir-e bağal) (plural زیر بغلها (zir-e bağal-hâ))

zir-e bağal (romanization)
زیر بغلها (plural)


سرین

sorin (romanization)
serin (romanization)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (srēnōg), from Proto-Iranian *cráwniš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlównis.

fa:سرین (کپل)


موی عانه

موی عانه • (mu-ye 'âne) (plural موهای عانه (mu-hâ-ye 'âne))

mu-ye 'âne (romanization)
موهای عانه (plural)


دامنه

دامنه • (dâmane) (plural دامنهها (dâmane-hâ))

From دامن (dâman, “skirt, hems of a robe”) + ـه (-e). "Domain; range" is a phono-semantic matching of French domaine.


گونه

fa:گونه (ابهامزدایی)


احتلام

head

احتلام • (ehtelâm) (plural احتلامات (ehtelâmât))

ehtelâm (romanization)
احتلامات (plural)

[ʔe̞ɦ.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːm]

[ʔe̞ɦ.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːm]

[ʔɪ.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːm]

Borrowed from Arabic اِحْتِلَام (iḥtilām).


خلق

→ Chagatai: خلق

Uyghur: خەلق (xelq)

Uzbek: xalq

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लक़ (xalq)

Urdu: خلق (xalq)

→ Kazakh: халық (xalyq)

→ Kyrgyz: калк (kalk)

→ Pashto: خلک (xalk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਲਕ (khalak)

Shahmukhi script: خلق (xalq)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: خَلْقُ (xalqu)

Devanagari script: ख़ल्क़ु (xalqu)

→ Turkmen: halk

جمهوری خلق چین

the [[People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]

حزب دموکراتیک خلق افغانستان

People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan


مستطیل

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَطِيل (mustaṭīl).


دستگاه تناسلی

head

دستگاه تناسلی

fa-noun

دستگاه تناسلی

fa:دستگاه تناسلی


اسفندیار

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/spandadāt/), in turn derived from Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬋𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬀 (spəntōδāta, literally “given by Amesha Spenta”).


پوست بیضه

fa:کیسه خایه


کیسه بیضه

fa:کیسه خایه


کیسه خایه

fa:کیسه خایه


متوسط

مُتَوَسِّط (canonical)
motavasset (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَوَسِّط (mutawassiṭ).


رند

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رِند • (rend) (plural رِندان (rendân) or رُنود (ronud))

رِند (canonical)
rend (romanization)
رِندان (plural)
رُنود (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: rind

desc

→ Armenian: ռինդ (ṙind), ռինտ (ṙint), ըռինտ (əṙint), ռընդ (ṙənd), ռունդ (ṙund), ռունտ (ṙunt), ռոնտ (ṙont), ըռունդ (əṙund), էրոնդ (ērond), էրանդ (ērand)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رند (rind)

Turkish: rint

Unknown. The Arabic broken plural is unetymological. Akin to Northern Kurdish rind.

عاشق و رند و نظربازم و میگویم فاش
تا بدانی که به چندین هنر آراستهام

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 311”, in The Divān of Hafez:

I am lover and rogue and player-with-glances, and I say so out loud
So that you might know with how many skills I am graced.

'âšiq u rind u nazarbâz-am u mê-gûyam fâš
tâ bidânî ki ba čandîn hunar ârâsta-am

(poetic, Sufism) someone who seems morally debauched, but is pure at heart and superior to those who blindly follow social norms


واک

From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Compare Sanskrit वाच् (vāc, “to speak”).


هوشنگ

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هوشنگ • (hušang)

fa-proper noun

هوشنگ • (hušang)

→ Azerbaijani: Huşəng

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: होशंग (hośaṅg)

Urdu: ہوشَنْگ (hośaṅg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هوشَنْك (Hûşenk)

[huː.ʃæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian hwšng (Hōšang), from Old Iranian. Akin to Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (haošiiaŋha, “Haoshyangha”).


پیشوند

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پیشوند • (pêšvand)

fa-noun

پیشوند • (pêšvand)


عرض

عَرَض (canonical)
'araz (romanization)
اَعراض (plural)

Coordinate term: جوهر (jowhar)

(philosophy) accident, form (as opposed to substance)


فرهاد

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فرهاد • (farhâd)

fa-proper noun

فرهاد • (farhâd)

Azerbaijani: Fərhad

Bengali: ফরহাদ (fôrhad)

Turkish: Ferhat

Uyghur: پەرھات (perhat)

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fä.ɾɔ́ːd̪̥]

[fæɹ.hɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Parthian [script needed] (prht /frahāt/), itself from Old Iranian *frahāta- (literally “gained, earned”). Compare Old Armenian Հրահատ (Hrahat), Classical Syriac ܐܦܪܗܛ ('prht), Ancient Greek Ἀφραάτης (Aphraátēs), Φραάτης (Phraátēs) (from which Phraātēs), Φραδάτης (Phradátēs), Iranian borrowings.

der

(Iranian mythology) the unrequited lover of the princess Shirin in the medieval romance Khosrow and Shirin


میلاد

milâd (romanization)
mêlâd (romanization)

Through regular sound change from Old Persian *Miθradātah. See also مهرداد (mehrdâd).

a male given name, Milad
(Persian mythology) a hero in Shahnameh

a male given name, Milad
a hero in Shahnameh


رستم

→ Arabic: رُسْتُم (rustum)

→ Azerbaijani: Rüstəm

→ Bashkir: Рөстәм (Röstəm)

→ Chagatai: رستم (Rustäm)

Uyghur: رۇستەم (rustem)

Uzbek: Rustam

→ Georgian: როსტომი (rosṭomi)

desc

→ Gujarati: રૂસ્તમ (rūstam), રુસ્તમ (rustam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रुस्तम (rustam)

Urdu: رستم (rustam)

→ Kazakh: Рүстем (Rüstem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رستم (Rüstem)

Turkish: Rüstem

→ Albanian: Rustem

→ Russian: Рустем (Rustem)

→ Tatar: Рөстәм (Röstäm)

→ Turkmen: Rüstem

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/rōdstahm/), from Middle Persian lwd (/rōd/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/stahm/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.
Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

der

whence modern <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رود</i> (rud)

(Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology


انگشد

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انگشد • (angošd)

fa-noun

انگشد • (angošd)


پشد

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پشد • (pošd)

fa-noun

پشد • (pošd)


پی

(mathematics) Pi, An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.1415926535897932384626433832795; usually written π.


سهراب

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سهراب • (sohrâb)

fa-proper noun

سهراب • (sohrâb)

→ Armenian: Զոհրաբ (Zohrab)

desctree

→ Georgian: ზურაბი (zurabi), ზურაბ (zurab) — other widely used form, ზურიკო (zuriḳo) — pet form, ზურა (zura) — diminutive
→ Abkhaz: Жәраб (Ẑʷrab)
→ Armenian: Զուրաբ (Zurab)

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[soɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


آناهیتا

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آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

fa-proper noun

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

[ʔɑː.nɑː.hiː.ˈtɑː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.jiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.nɔː.ji.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.nɒː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]

[ʔɔ.nɔ.ɦi.t̪ʰɔ́]

Learned borrowing from Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐏃𐎡𐎫 (Anahita).


یونی‌کد

یونیکد (canonical)
yuni-kod (romanization)

(computing) Unicode, a series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.

(computing) The Unicode standards together with standards for representing character strings as byte strings.


رودابه

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رودابه • (rudâbe)

fa-proper noun

رودابه • (rudâbe)


فاعل

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فاعل • (fâ'el) (plural فاعلها (fâ'el-hâ))


زال

perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”)


فریدون

From Middle Persian plytwn' (Frēdōn), from Proto-Iranian *Θraitauna-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate to Avestan 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (θraētaona), Lurish فرێدۆ (ferıdø). Akin to Old Armenian Հրուդէն (Hrudēn), a Parthian loanword.

(Iranian mythology) Fereydun/Fredon, Thraitauna/Thraetaona