من

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫗 (man, “me (early), I (later)”) from Old Persian 𐎶𐎴 (m-n /mana/, “me”) from Proto-Iranian *máHm from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHm (“accusative singular of *aȷ́ʰám”). Cognate with Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀 (mana, “me”), Ancient Greek ἐμέ (emé, “accusative of "ἐγώ"”), and Latin me (“accusative of "ego"”).

cog

4 the plural forms آنها and آنان are typically interchangeable

5 all accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را

من رفتم.

او من را دید.


או

נכרדה או וֿפֿא בא אהל דווראן
שכסתה צד הזאראן עהד ופיימאן

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

She has never been faithful to people of the world,
Breaking countless promises and pacts.

na-karde u vafâ bâ ahl-e dowrân
šekaste sad hezârân ahd o peymân


מן

צֿנאן גשתה וֿגִודש פיש מן כֿאר
כה פנדארם כם אז כלבסת צד באר

His existence for me has become so base
That I view him infinitely lower than a dog.

čenin gašte vojud-aš piš-e man xâr
ke pendâram kam az kalb ast sad bâr


کی

شما کی هستین؟


شما

head

شُما • (šomâ)

From Middle Persian ʾšmʾ, ʿšmʾ (ašmā, išmā, “you”), from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (plural)”). Compare Southern Luri ایسا (īsâ, “you”) and Bakhtiari ایسا (īsâ, “you”).

inh

you (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)


چه

چه دارید؟


ما

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭭𐭤 (LNE /amāh/, “we, us”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 (amāxam) (genitive plural form of the first person plural pronoun), ultimately from the PIE variant *mey of the personal pronoun *wey.

we, us; the first-person plural pronoun.

(poetic or humble) I, me; the first-person singular pronoun, used to show deference to the listener or in poetic contexts.


مو

(dialectal, Mashhad, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of من (man)


تو

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (LK /tō/, “you, thou”), from Old Persian (compare 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)), from Proto-Iranian *tuHám (compare Northern Kurdish tu, Pashto ته (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


هم

→ Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)

→ Azerbaijani: həm (“and”)

→ Bashkir: һәм (həm, “and”)

→ Gagauz: hem

→ Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)

→ Iraqi Arabic: هم (“still”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هم

Turkish: hem

From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham(a)/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

inherited

همدیگر همدیگر#Persian

each other; Short for همدیگر (hamdigar).


مه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

مه نمیفامم
ma namē-fāmum
I don't understand
(Dari, colloquial)


کسی

کَسی (canonical)
kasi (romanization)
kasē (romanization)

Derived from Classical Persian کس (kas, “person”) + ـی (-ē, indefinitive suffix).

af

این کسی دیدست کز یک راویه / سرد گردد سوز چندان هاویه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3184:

Has any one seen [such a wonder as] this, that the burning glow of so many Hells should be cooled by a single water-skin?

in kasi did[e]-ast k-az yek râviye / sard gardad suz-e čandân hâviye


آن‌ها

head

آنها • (ân-hâ)


ایشان

ایشان • (išân)

→ Azerbaijani: işan

desctree

→ Chagatai: ایشان
Uyghur: ئىشان (ishan)
Uzbek: eshon

→ Chinese:

zh-l

依禪／依禅 (yīchán)

Mandarin: 依禪／依禅 (yīchán)

→ English: ishan

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ایشان (eśān)

→ Kazakh: ишан (işan)

→ Kyrgyz: эшен (eşen)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایشان

Turkish: işan

→ Russian: иша́н (išán)

→ Tatar: ишан (işan)

→ Turkmen: işan

they (with an animate, rational referent)


آن

head

آن • (ân) (plural آنها, human plural آنان)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭 (ān, “that, he”).


او

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (OLE), 𐭥𐭫𐭤 (ʿlh), 𐫀𐫇𐫏 (ʾwy /ōy/, “he; she; that”).

der

«او کُجَاسْت؟» «مَن نَمیدَانَم، اَمَّا مَن اورَا پیشْتَر دِیدَم»
“ō kujāst?” “man namē-dānam, ammā man ōrā pēštar dīdam”
"where is he?" "I don't know, but I saw him earlier"
(Dari, more formal)

she, he, they (meaning the third-person singular, of unknown or irrelevant gender, but animate)

(Hazaragi, Kabuli) colloquial form of آن (ân, “it”)


چی

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭤 (čē [ME], “what, which”).

inh

راجع به هر چی فکر کرده بودم، راجع به مردن فکر نکرده بودم.

Whatever I had thought about, I hadn't thought about dying.

râje' be har či fekr karde budam, râje' be mordan fekr nakarde budam.

(interrogative, colloquial, in formal prose dated or Dari) what?


چیزی

head

چیزی • (čizê)


که

Literary form of کی (ki, “who”, interrogative pronoun)


یکی

From Classical Persian یک (yak, “one”) + ـی (-ē, “indefinite suffix”).

one (The first mentioned of two things or people, as opposed to the other.)


همه

From Middle Persian hmʾk' (hamāg, “all”), from Proto-Iranian *hama-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *ham- (“together”). Akin to Old Armenian համակ (hamak), an Iranian borrowing. Compare Central Kurdish ھەموو (hemû) and Northern Kurdish hemû, hemî.


کلیه

→ Urdu: کلیہ (kulliya)

Borrowed from Arabic كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya).


هیچ‌کس

هیچکس (canonical)
hič-kas (romanization)


کدام

head

کدام • (kodâm)

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷi-, *kʷo-. See there for cognates.

کُدام خانِه مال شُماسْت؟

Which house is yours? (Formal Tehrani Persian)

کُدام خاَنه را میخواهِی

Which house do you want? (Formal Kabuli Persian)


کم

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


بنده

بَنْدِه • (bande)

بَنْدِه (canonical)
bande (romanization)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bndk' /bandag/), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎭𐎣 (badaka). Compare Sanskrit बन्धक (bandhaka). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).


اون

(colloquial) Spoken form of آن (ân) and او (ô).


بعضی

→ Azerbaijani: bəzi

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعضی

Turkish: bazı

→ Laz: ბაზი (bazi)

→ Uzbek: ba'zi

→ Uyghur: بەزى (bezi)

لیک هم بعضی از این هر دو اثر / شرح باید کرد یعنی نفع و ضر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1710:

But still, some of these two [diverse] effects must be explained—that is, the benefit and injury [which they involve]—

lēk ham ba'zē az īn har dū asar / šarh bāyad kard ya'nē naf' u zarr


آنان

head

آنان • (ânân)

From آن (ân, “he; she; it”) + ـان (-ân, plural suffix for animate nouns).

af

(somewhat literary) they, those people (specifically of humans)


خود

→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)

→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)

→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)

→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)

Urdu: خود (xud)

→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)

Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)

From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).

حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.

You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.

hamle bar xod mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar xod hamle kard.

تو با خودت هم دشمنی.

2009, Shadmehr Aghili (lyrics and music), “تقدیر (taqdir)”:

مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟ (More literary)
mâdar-e xod-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?

مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟ (More colloquial)

(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)


جناب آقای

(formal, deferential) his Excellency (Used when addressing a male with high status in a formal way.)


سرکار خانم

(formal, deferential) honored ma'am (Used when addressing a female with high status in a formal way.)


اون‌ها

head

اونها • (on-hâ)

آنها آنها#Persian

(colloquial) Spoken form of آنها (ân-hâ).


یو

آخو یونم نومه سی بچهشو هشتنه؟.

Is this a name at all that they gave to their child? : What kind of name is this that they gave to their child?.


خو

(Uncle!) This afternoon, I saw their photo; Himself and his fiancée were (sitting) on the lawn (for themselves).

مو عامو امرو پسین عکسشه دیدُم خوش و نومزادش سی خوشون تو چمنا بیدن. Mo âmu emru/omru pasin akseše didom xoš o numzâdeš si xošun tu čamanâ biden. (dialectal, Bushehr)

Colloquial form of خود (“self, one's own”)


مرا

مرا • (marâ)

Contraction of first person singular pronoun من (man) from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH, Itself from Proto-Indo-European *éǵH-om; and the direct-object particle را (râ).

مرا دیدی؟

مرا گویی که رایی؟

مرا عهدیست با جانان

I have a covenant with the Beloved. (genitive)

form of من (man) with the oblique particle را (râ), used to generate dative, genitive, and accusative forms for the first person singular pronoun.

من

a second-person pronoun; تو (to, “you”) as a grammatical object, "me".


منو

میتونی منو ببینی؟

(chiefly Iran) spoken form of من (man) with the direct-object particle را (râ)


کدم

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Shiraz) alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


یتا

یتا • (yatâ)

یکتا یکتا#Persian


کمو

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


هیچ

→ Azerbaijani: heç

→ Chagatai: هیچ

Uyghur: ھېچ (hëch)

Uzbek: hech

→ Crimean Tatar: iç

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हेच (hec)

Urdu: ہیچ (hec)

→ Iraqi Arabic: هيچ

→ Kazakh: еш (eş)

→ Middle Armenian: հէչ (hēčʻ)

Armenian: հեչ (hečʻ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: هیچ (hiç)
Turkish: hiç
→ Albanian: hiç
→ Armenian: հիչ (hičʻ)
→ Aromanian: ici, hici
→ Bulgarian: хич (hič)
→ Laz: ჰიჩი (hiçi)
→ Macedonian: ич (ič)
→ Romanian: hici

→ Turkmen: hiç

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyc /ēč/, “not any”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos (“who, which, what”)


یکدیگر

From یک (yek, “one”) + دیگر (digar, “another”).


همدیگه

همدیگر همدیگر#Persian


همدیگر

[ʔäm.d̪iː.ɡäɾ]


چه کسی

head

چه کسی • (če kasi)


همه‌چیز

همهچیز (canonical)
hame-čiz (romanization)


این‌ها

اینها • (in-hâ)


هر دو

هر دومان از خواندن کتاب را خوشمان میآید.

Har do-emân az xândan-e ketâb râ xošemân mi-âyad.

هر دو مرد زنان زیبا دارند.


هیچ‌کدام

هیچکدام • (hič-kodâm)

هیچکدام (canonical)
hič-kodâm (romanization)

[ʔeːt͡ʃ.kʰʊ.d̪ɑːm]

کدومیکی از اینا رو میخوای؟ / هیچکدوم. (colloquial)

kodum-yeki az inâ-ro mi-xâi? / hič-kodum.


شماها

شماها • (šomâ-hâ)


خویش

خویش • (xiš)

→ Urdu: خویش (xīš)

→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)

From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.
The first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé. (compare Persian خود (xod, “self”))


برخی

From بَرخ (barx, “fraction, portion”) + ـی (-i).


هیچ کدام

head

هیچ کدام • (hič kodâm)

هیچکدام هیچکدام#Persian

Alternative spelling of هیچکدام (hič-kodâm, “none”).


هر چیز

هر چیز • (har čiz)

[häɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[häɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[ʔäɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[ʔäɾ t͡ʃʰiz]

[hæɹ t͡ʃʰiːz]


ترا

form of تو (tu) with the oblique particle را (râ), used to generate dative, genitive, and accusative forms for the second person singular pronoun.

تو

a second-person pronoun; تو (to, “you”) as a grammatical object.


تو را

first person singular pronoun تو (to, tu) with the direct-object particle را (râ).
Congnate with Urdu-Hindi (terâ) تیرا तेरा

تو (to) with the direct-object particle را (râ)


کمینه

(humble, archaic) I, me; this humble one


مره

مَرَه • (mara)

مَرَا مرا#Persian

(colloquial) Kabuli and Hazaragi form of مَرَا


کلگی

Uncertain. By surface analysis کُلّ (kull) + ـگِی (-gī). However, گِی (gī) is typically only added onto words ending in ـَه (-a), which کُلّ (kull) does not.


ماها

ماها • (mâhâ)

Plural of ما (mâ, “we, us”). Compare شماها (šomâhâ).

(just) us, (only) us; usually excluding the listener, or including only a subset of some larger group.


مایان

مایان • (mâyân)

Plural of ما (mâ, “we, us”). Compare شمایان (šomâyân).

ماها ماها#Persian


اینا

اینا • (inâ)

اینها اینها#Persian

Colloquial form of اینها (inhâ, “these”)

خونهٔ داییام اینا

بابام اینا دوشنبه میرن.

My dad and the rest are leaving on Monday.

(colloquial) Added after a name or family title to mean all the people who live with them.