تاجیک

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تاجیک • (tâjik) (plural تاجیکها (tâjik-hâ) or تاجیکان (tâjikân))

tâjik (romanization)
تاجیکها (plural)
تاجیکان (plural)
تاجیک (singular)
Tâjik (singular)
تاجیکها (plural)
Tâjik-hấ (plural)
تاجیکا (colloquial plural)
Tâjikấ (plural)
تاجیک را (definite direct-object singular)
Tâjik râ (definite direct-object singular)
تاجیک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
Tâjiko (definite direct-object singular)
تاجیکها را (definite direct-object plural)
Tâjik-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
تاجیکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
Tâjikấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
تاجیک (ezafe singular)
Tâjik-e (ezafe singular)
تاجیکهای (ezafe plural)
Tâjik-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تاجیکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
Tâjikấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تاجیکی (definite relative singular)
تاجیکی (indefinite singular stressed)
Tâjik-i (definite relative singular)
Tâjik-i (indefinite singular stressed)
تاجیکهایی (definite plural relative)
تاجیکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
Tâjikấn-i, Tâjik-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
Tâjikấn-i, Tâjik-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
تاجیکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
تاجیکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
Tâjikấi (definite plural relative)
Tâjikấi (indefinite plural stressed)
تاجیکم (first-person predicative singular)
tâjikam (first-person predicative singular)
تاجیکیم (first-person plural predicative)
tâjikim (first-person plural predicative)
تاجیکی (predicative second-person singular)
tâjiki (predicative second-person singular)
تاجیکید (plural predicative second-person)
tâjikid (plural predicative second-person)
تاجیکین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
tâjikin (plural predicative second-person)
تاجیک است (predicative singular third-person)
tâjik ast (predicative singular third-person)
تاجیکه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
tâjike (predicative singular third-person)
تاجیکند (plural predicative third-person)
tâjikand (plural predicative third-person)
تاجیکن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
tâjikan (plural predicative third-person)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪk]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪk]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪk]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiːkʲ]

Possibly related to تازیک (tâzik), a re-borrowing from Old Turkic. According to W. Henning, from *Tāt-čīk, originally *Tād-čīk. Popular folk etymology traces the word to Tajik тоҷ (toj, “crown”) (compare Persian تاج (tâj, “crown”)).

fa:مردم تاجیک

تاجیکها قومی آریایی هستند.
Tâjik-hâ qowmi âryâyi hastand.
The Tajiks are an Aryan people.


نوشابه

نوشابه • (nušâbe) (plural نوشابهها (nušâbe-hâ))

[nʊː.ʃɔː.bǽ]

By surface analysis, نوش (nuš, “ambrosia, nectar”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e, “noun-forming suffix”)


شیعه

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شیعه • (ši'e) (plural شیعهها (ši'e-hâ) or شیعیان (ši'iyân))

ši'e (romanization)
شیعهها (plural)
شیعیان (plural)

بیشتر مسلمونهای ایرونی شیعهاند. (colloquial speech)
bištar-e mosalmun-hâ-ye iruni ši'e-and.
Most Iranian Muslims are Shi'ites.


واژن

واژن • (vâžan)

fa-noun

واژن • (vâžan)

Borrowed from French vagin, from Latin vāgīna.


جاسوس

head

جاسوس • (jâsus) (plural جواسیس (javâsis) or جاسوسان (jâsusân))

jâsus (romanization)
جواسیس (plural)
جاسوسان (plural)

→ Gujarati: જાસૂસ (jāsūs)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जासूस (jāsūs)

Urdu: جاسُوس (jāsūs)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਸੂਸ (jāsūs)

Shahmukhi script: جاسوس (jāsūs)

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɒː.súːs]

نیست از رازِ نهانِ من خبر جاسوس را
نبضِ من بندِ زبان گردید جالینوس را

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 74”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The spy has no news of my hidden secret;
My pulse has closed its mouth to Galen.

nēst az rāz-i nahān-i man xabar jasūs rā
nabz-i man band-i zabān gardīd jālīnūs rā


کوآلا

کوآلا • (ko'âlâ)

fa-noun

کوآلا • (ko'âlâ)

[kʰoː.ʔɑː.lɑː]

[kʰoː.ʔɑː.lɑː]

[kʰʊː.wɔː.lɔː]


آسانسور

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آسانْسور • (âsânsor) (plural آسانسورها (âsânsor-hâ))

آسانْسور (canonical)
âsânsor (romanization)
آسانسورها (plural)

[ʔɒː.sɒːn.sóɹ]


اسرائیلی

اِسْرائیلی • (esrâ'ili) (plural اسرائیلیان (esrâ'iliyân))

اِسْرائیلی (canonical)
esrâ'ili (romanization)
اسرائیلیان (plural)
اسرائیلی (singular)
esrâ'ilí (singular)
اسرائیلیان (plural)
esrâ'iliấn (plural)
اسرائیلیا (colloquial plural)
esrâ'iliấ (plural)
اسرائیلی را (definite direct-object singular)
esrâ'ilí râ (definite direct-object singular)
اسرائیلی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
esrâ'ilí ro (definite direct-object singular)
اسرائیلیان را (definite direct-object plural)
esrâ'iliấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
اسرائیلیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
esrâ'iliấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
اسرائیلی (ezafe singular)
esrâ'ilí-ye (ezafe singular)
اسرائیلیان (ezafe plural)
esrâ'iliấn-e (ezafe plural)
اسرائیلیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
esrâ'iliấ-ye (ezafe plural)
اسرائیلی (definite relative singular)
اسرائیلی (indefinite singular stressed)
esrâ'ilí (definite relative singular)
esrâ'ilí (indefinite singular stressed)
اسرائیلیانی (definite plural relative)
اسرائیلیانی (indefinite plural stressed)
esrâ'iliấn-i (definite plural relative)
esrâ'iliấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
اسرائیلیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
اسرائیلیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
esrâ'iliấ-yi (definite plural relative)
esrâ'iliấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
اسرائیلیام (first-person predicative singular)
esrâ'ilí-am (first-person predicative singular)
اسرائیلیایم (first-person plural predicative)
esrâ'ilí-im (first-person plural predicative)
اسرائیلیای (predicative second-person singular)
esrâ'ilí-i (predicative second-person singular)
اسرائیلیاید (plural predicative second-person)
esrâ'ilí-id (plural predicative second-person)
اسرائیلیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
esrâ'ilí-in (plural predicative second-person)
اسرائیلی است (predicative singular third-person)
esrâ'ilí ast (predicative singular third-person)
اسرائیلیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
esrâ'ilí-e (predicative singular third-person)
اسرائیلیاند (plural predicative third-person)
esrâ'ilí-and (plural predicative third-person)
اسرائیلیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
esrâ'ilí-an (plural predicative third-person)

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiː.líː]

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiː.líː]

From اِسْرائیل + ـی.

af

اِسْرائیل + ـی


جگر

→ Azerbaijani: cigər

→ Gujarati: જિગર (jigar)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: جِگَر (jigar)

Hindi: जिगर (jigar)

→ Khalaj: cigər

desc

⇒ Kumyk: жигерлилик (jigerlilik, “agility”)

→ Pashto: ځګر (dzigár), ځيګر (dzīgár), جګر (jigar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جكر (ciger)
Turkish: ciğer
→ Armenian: ջիգյար (ǰigyar), ջիգար (ǰigar), ճիյեր (čiyer), ճիկար (čikar)
→ Bulgarian: джиге́р (džigér)
→ Hungarian: zsiger
→ Georgian: ჯიგარი (ǯigari)
→ Greek: τζιγέρι (tzigéri), τζιέρι (tziéri)
→ Macedonian: џигер (džiger)

→ Uyghur: جىگەر (jiger)

→ Uzbek: jigar

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ykl /jagar/), from Old Persian [Term?], from Proto-Iranian *yákr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyákr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).


کاندوم

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کاندوم • (kândom) (plural کاندومها (kândom-hâ))

kândom (romanization)
کاندومها (plural)
کاندوم (singular)
kândom (singular)
کاندومها (plural)
kândom-hấ (plural)
کاندوما (colloquial plural)
kândomấ (plural)
کاندوم را (definite direct-object singular)
kândom râ (definite direct-object singular)
کاندوم رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kândomo (definite direct-object singular)
کاندومها را (definite direct-object plural)
kândom-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کاندوما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kândomấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کاندوم (ezafe singular)
kândom-e (ezafe singular)
کاندومهای (ezafe plural)
kândom-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کاندومای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kândomấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کاندومی (definite relative singular)
کاندومی (indefinite singular stressed)
kândom-i (definite relative singular)
kândom-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کاندومهایی (definite plural relative)
کاندومهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kândomấn-i, kândom-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kândomấn-i, kândom-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کاندومایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کاندومایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kândomấi (definite plural relative)
kândomấi (indefinite plural stressed)
کاندومم (first-person possessive singular)
kândomam (first-person possessive singular)
کاندومهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kândom-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کاندومهام، کاندومام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kândomấm (first-person possessive singular)
کاندومت (possessive second-person singular)
kândomat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kândomet (possessive second-person singular)
کاندومهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kândom-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کاندومهات، کاندومات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kândomất (possessive second-person singular)
کاندومش (possessive singular third-person)
kândomaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kândomeš (possessive singular third-person)
کاندومهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kândom-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کاندومهاش، کاندوماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kândomấš (possessive singular third-person)
کاندوممان (first-person plural possessive)
kândomemân (first-person plural possessive)
کاندوممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kândomemun (first-person plural possessive)
کاندومهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kândom-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کاندومهامون، کاندومامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kândomấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کاندومتان (plural possessive second-person)
kândometân (plural possessive second-person)
کاندومتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kândometun (plural possessive second-person)
کاندومهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kândom-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کاندومهاتون، کاندوماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kândomấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کاندومشان (plural possessive third-person)
kândomešân (plural possessive third-person)
کاندومشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kândomešun (plural possessive third-person)
کاندومهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kândom-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کاندومهاشون، کاندوماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kândomấšun (plural possessive third-person)


مغازه

مغازه • (mağâze) (plural مغازهها (mağâze-hâ))

→ Northern Kurdish: maxaze

→ Pashto: مغازه (mağâze)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مغازه (mağaza), from Byzantine Greek μαγαζί (magazí), from Italian magazzino, from Arabic مَخازِن (maḵāzin), plural of مَخْزَن (maḵzan).


قیمت

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قیمت • (qeymat) (plural قیمتها (qeymat-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: qiymət

desc

→ Bashkir: ҡиммәт (qimmət), ҡыйбат (qıybat)

→ Gujarati: કિંમત (kimmat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ीमत (qīmat)

Urdu: قِیمَت (qīmat)

→ Kazakh: қымбат (qymbat)

→ Marathi: किंमत (kimmat)

→ Middle Armenian: ղիմաթ (ġimatʻ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ੀਮਤ (qīmat)

Shahmukhi script: قِیمَت (qīmat)

→ Rohingya: kimot

→ Uyghur: قىممەت (qimmet)

→ Uzbek: qimmat

قِیْمَتِ دُلار

قِیْمَتِ مَسْکَن دَر تِهْران

بیدلی را که دمی با تو مهیا گردد
قیمت هر دو جهان نیمهٔ آن یکدم نیست

late 1100s, Khāqānī, “Ghazal 55”, in دیوان خاقانی:

For the lovesick one who spends a single moment with you,
The price of both worlds [this world and the afterlife] is not [worth] half that moment.

bē dilī rā ki damē bā tu muhayya gardad
qīmat-i har du jahān nīma-yi ān yak dam nēst


آئینه

head

آئینه • (â'ine)

fa-noun

آئینه • (â'ine)

[ʔɑː.ʔiː.nä]

[ʔɑː.ʔiː.nä]

آیینه آیینه#Persian


دین

head

دین • (din) (plural دینها (din-hâ) or ادیان (adyân))

din (romanization)
دینها (plural)
ادیان (plural)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dyn' /dēn/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎡𐎴 (d-a-i-n /*daina-/, “a religious-informed or conscientious way of life”), already influenced by Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā, “religion, vision”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰayHanā- (compare Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna)), and Semitic words, see Arabic دِين (dīn), from which the broken plural ادیان (adyân) is borrowed.


دین

→ Bengali: দেনা (dena)

→ Urdu: دین (dain)


داخل

head

داخِل • (dâxel)

fa-noun

داخِل • (dâxel)

→ Bengali: দাখিল (dakhil)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਖਲ (dākhal)

Shahmukhi script: داخل (dāxal)

در داخل مرزها


سپاس

head

سپاس • (sepâs)

fa-noun

سپاس • (sepâs)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spʾs /spās/), from Proto-Iranian *spácati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spáćati, from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-; see there for cognates.


آهن

head

آهن • (âhan)

fa-noun

آهن • (âhan)

→ Khalaj: âhən

→ Brahui: اهین

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾh(y)n' /āhan/, “iron”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwā.


اصل

head

اصل • (asl) (plural اصول (osul) or اصلها (asl-hâ))

asl (romanization)
اصول (plural)
اصلها (plural)

→ Bengali: আসল (aśol)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: असल (asal)

Urdu: اَصْل (asl)

→ Kazakh: асыл (asyl)

→ Malayalam: അസൽ (asal)

→ Punjabi: ਅਸਲ (asal)

→ Tamil: அசல் (acal)

→ Uyghur: ئەسل (esl)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Persian اصلBorrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).


پادزهر

head

پادزهر • (pâdzahr) (plural پادزهرها (pâdzahr-hâ))

pâdzahr (romanization)
پادزهرها (plural)

Turkish: panzehir

[pʰɑːd̪.zǽɦɾ]

[pʰɑːd̪.zǽɦɾ]

[pʰɑːd̪.zǽɾ]

[pʰɔːd̪.zǽɾ]

[pʰɒːd̪.zǽɦɹ]

[pʰɔd̪.zǽɦɾ]

From Middle Persian pʾtzhl (pādzahr, “bezoar, antidote”).

uder

اگر در بدن انسان هم سم با دوز خیلی کم وارد شود بدن ضد و پادزهر آن را می سازد

If poison enters the body of a human in a very small dose the body will generate its antidote.


سرکه

→ Bengali: সির্কা (sirka)

→ Punjabi: sirkā

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਰਕਾ

Shahmukhi script: سرکہ

→ Urdu: سرکہ (sirkah)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/sarkāw/, “vinegar”).
Alternatively, borrowed from Turkic, compare Azerbaijani sirkə, Ottoman Turkish سركه (sirke), etc. According to Doerfer, direction of a possible borrowing between Iranian and Turkic is not clear.


چکر

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]


آرد

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KHMA /ārd/, “flour”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Hindi आटा (āṭā, “flour”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “to grind”), Ancient Greek ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”).

تخم مرغها را با آرد مخلوط کنید.


مهمان

head

مهمان • (mehmân) (plural مهمانان (mehmânân) or مهمانها (mehmân-hâ))

mehmân (romanization)
مهمانان (plural)
مهمانها (plural)

→ Armenian: մեհման (mehman)

→ Azerbaijani: mehman

→ Bengali: মেহমান (mehman)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مهمان (mihmân)

→ Turkmen: myhman

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मेहमान (mehmān)

Urdu: مہمان (mehmān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (m(ʾ)hmʾn' /mehmān/, “inhabitant; guest”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change, exchange”). Cognate with Northern Luri مؽمۏ (mêmö), Pashto مېلمه (melma).

der

در فراقت دلم به جان آمد
آمدم یک شبی به مهمانت

c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 379”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]:

Out of parting from you, my heart came to death's verge;
Then one night, I came to you as a guest.

dar firāq-at dil-am ba jān āmad
āmadam yak šabē ba mihmān-at


آینه

âyne (romanization)
âyene (romanization)

→ Gujarati: આયના (āyanā)

روی خوبان ز آینه زیبا شود / روی احسان از گدا پیدا شود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2746:

The face of the fair is made beautiful by the mirror, the face of Beneficence is made visible by the beggar.

roy-i-xûb-ân ze âyana zîbâ šawad / roy-i-ahsân az gadâ paydâ šawad

آیینه آیینه#Persian


هدهد

→ Gujarati: હુદહુદ (hudhud)


خر

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خر • (xar) (plural خرها (xar-hâ) or خران (xarân))

xar (romanization)
خرها (plural)
خران (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HMRA /xar/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl /xar/, “donkey, ass”), from Proto-Iranian *xárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras.
The meaning of something large is presumed to be from the weight-measure خروار (xar-vâr), originally a donkey-load but later even too heavy for a donkey to carry.

خروار

a unit of weight (since 1926 exactly 300 kg)


امرود

→ Arabic: عَنْبَرُوت (ʕanbarūt)

→ Bashkir: армыт (armıt)

desc

→ Gujarati: અમરૂદ (amarūd), અમરૂત (amarūt)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अमरूद (amrūd)

Urdu: امرود (amrūd)

→ Kazakh: алмұрт (almūrt)

→ Khalaj: amrût

→ Kyrgyz: алмурут (almurut)

→ Tatar: армут (armut)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: ارمد (armud), امرود (amrud, emrud)

Azerbaijani: armud

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آرمود (armut)
Turkish: armut
→ Armenian: արմուտ (armut)
→ Yemenite, Iraqi, Syrian and Gulf Arabic: عَرْمُوط (ʕarmūṭ)

→ Romani: ambrol

→ Turkmen: armyt

→ Uyghur: ئامۇت (amut)

→ Uzbek: olmur

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (/umrōd/, /ambrōd/, /umbrōd/, /anbarōt/), Old Persian [script needed] (*umrūta), ultimately from a Caucasian substrate. Compare Elamite 𒌝𒊒𒁕 (/umruda, umruta/, “pear”), Central Kurdish ھەرمێ (hermê, “pear”).


بوسه

desctree

→ Arabic: بُوسَة (būsa)
Gulf Arabic: بوسة (bōsa)
Hijazi Arabic: بوسة (bōsa)
Maltese: bewsa
Moroccan Arabic: بوسة (būsa)
→ Hebrew: בּוּסָה (busa)

→ Azerbaijani:

Latin script: busə

Cyrillic script: бусә

Arabic script: بۇسه

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बोसा (bosā)

Urdu: بوسَہ (bosa)

→ Turkish: buse

→ Ushojo: بوسی


جا

From Middle Persian gyʾg (gyāg, “place”), from Proto-Iranian *Hwah-; see there for further information.

جاتو جمع کن.

Remove your mattress(blanket, bedsheet, etc).


گوسفند

head

گوسفَند • (gusfand) (plural گوسفندها (gusfand-hâ) or گوسفندان (gusfandân))

گوسفَند (canonical)
gusfand (romanization)
گوسفندها (plural)
گوسفندان (plural)

[ɡʊːs.fǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡʊːs.pʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡ̥uːs.pʰǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian KYNA (gōspand, “sheep, small cattle”), from Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊-𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀- (gao-spəṇta-, “beneficent cow”), a compound of 𐬔𐬀𐬊- (gao-, “cow”) + 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 (spəṇta, “holy”), compare گاو (gâv) and سِپَند (sepand).


وادی

head

وادی • (vâdi)

Tajik: водӣ (vodi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਦੀ (vādī)

→ Punjabi: وادی (wādī)

→ Urdu: وادی (wādī)


توکان

توکان • (tukân)

fa-noun

توکان • (tukân)


کابینه

head

کابینه • (kâbine)

fa-noun

کابینه • (kâbine)

→ Hindi: काबीना (kābīnā)

desc

→ Urdu: کابینہ (kābīnā)

→ Urdu: کابینہ (kābīnā)


کچل

head

کِچُل • (kečol)

fa-noun

کِچُل • (kečol)


بادمجان

head

بادمجان • (bâdemjân)

fa-noun

بادمجان • (bâdemjân)

[bɑː.d̪ɪm.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪm.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪm.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian

(colloquial) Alternative form of بادنجان (bâdenjân)


استخوان

head

اُسْتُخْوَان

اُسْتُخْوَان • (ostoxân)

fa-noun

اُسْتُخْوَان

اُسْتُخْوَان • (ostoxân)

اُسْتُخْوَان (canonical)
ostoxân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: üstüxan

→ Chagatai: استخوان

Uyghur: ئۇستۇخان (ustuxan)

Uzbek: ustuxon

→ Ottoman Turkish: استخوان (üstühan)

→ Urdu: اُسْتُخوان (ustuxvān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsthwʾn' /astuxwān/, “bone”), from Proto-Iranian *HástHáhuānām, a compound from *HástH (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”).
Cognate with Mazanderani هسکا (hassekā), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), Latin os.


پشم

head

پشم • (pašm)

fa-noun

پشم • (pašm)

From Proto-Iranian *pášma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *páćšma (“hair, bristles”), from Proto-Indo-European *poḱ-s-mn̥ (“hair, whiskers”), from *peḱ- (“to shear, pluck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (pašman), Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pakṣman).

inh

پشمِ گوسفند

و از پس او طهمورث بنشست، و سی سال پادشاهی کرد، و دیوان را در طاعت آورد، و بازارها و کوچها بنهاد، و ابریشم و پشم ببافت، و رهبان بزسپ در ایام او بیرون آمد، و دین صابیان آورد، و او دین بپذیرفت، و زنار بر بست، و آفتاب را پرستید، و مردمان را دبیری آموخت[…]

And after him, Tahmōras sat [on the throne] and ruled for thirty years. He forced the demons into submission, built markets and alleyways, and wove with silk and wool. Buzasp the Monk appeared in his days, and he [Tahmōras] accepted the faith of the Sabians, bound the girdle on himself, and worshipped the sun. And he taught people the arts of writing […]

u az pas-i ō tahmōras binišast, u sī sāl pādšāhī kard, u dēwān rā dar tā'at āward, u bāzār-hā u kōča-hā binihād, u abrēšum u pašm bibāft, u ruhbān-i buzasp dar ayām-i ō bērūn āmad, u dīn-i sābiyān āwarad, u ō dīn bipaḏīruft, u zunnār bar bast, u āftāb rā parastīd, u mardumān rā dabīrī āmōxt […]

پشمِ سینه


شکلات

head

شکلات • (šokolât) (plural شکلاتها (šokolât-hâ))

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]


دارکوب

دارکوب • (dârkub)

fa-noun

دارکوب • (dârkub)

[dɑːɾ.ˈkoːβ]

[d̪ɑːɾ.kʰóːb]

[d̪ɑːɾ.kʰóːb]

[d̪ɑːɾ.kʰóːb]

[d̪ɔːɾ.kʰʊ́ːb̥]

[d̪ɒːɹ.kʰúːb̥]

[d̪ɔɾ.kʰɵ́b]

Compound of دار (“tree”) + کوب, present stem of کوبیدن (kôbidan, “to beat”).


جوان

head

جوان • (javân) (plural جوانها (javân-hâ) or جوانان (javânân))

javân (romanization)
جوانها (plural)
جوانان (plural)

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɔ́ːn]

[d͡ʒæ.vɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (yw'n /ǰuwān/), from Proto-Iranian *HyúHā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyúHā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish ciwan, Pashto ځوان (źwān), Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Latin iuvenis (Italian giovane, French jeune, or Spanish joven), Latvian jauns, Old English ġeong (English young).


باغچه

head

باغچه • (bâğče) (plural باغچهها (bâğče-hâ))

→ Assamese: বাগিচা (bagisa)

→ Azerbaijani: bağça / باغچه

→ Bashkir: баҡса (baqsa)

→ Bengali: বাগিচা (bagica)

→ Chuvash: пахча (pahča)

→ Eastern Mari: пакча (pakča)

→ Georgian: ბაღჩა (baɣča)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: बाग़ीचा (bāġīcā), बग़ीचा (baġīcā)

Urdu: باغیچہ (bāġīcā), بغیچہ (baġīcā)

Urdu: باغیچہ (bāġīcā), بغیچہ (baġīcā)

→ Kalmyk: багц (bagts)

→ Kazakh: бақша (baqşa)

→ Khalaj: bâğçə

→ Kyrgyz: бакча (bakca)

→ Middle Armenian: բաղչայ (baġčʻay), բաղչա (baġčʻa), բաղչէ (baġčʻē), բաղջէ (baġǰē), պաղչայ (paġčʻay)

Armenian: բաղչա (baġčʻa)

→ Nogai: бакша (bakşa)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باغچه (bâğçe)
Turkish: bahçe
→ Bulgarian: бахча́ (bahčá)
→ Crimean Tatar: bağça
→ Greek: μπαξές (baxés), μπαχτσές (bachtsés)
→ Laz: ბახჩა (baxça)
→ Macedonian: ба́вча (bávča)
→ Russian: бахча́ (baxčá)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: башча, ба́шта
Latin script: bašča, bášta

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਗੀਚਾ (bāgīcā), ਬਗੀਚਾ (bagīcā)

Shahmukhi script: باغیچہ (bāġīcā), بغیچہ (baġīcā)

→ Tatar: бакча (baqça)

→ Turkmen: bakca

→ Udmurt: бакча (bakća)

→ Uzbek: bоgʻcha

→ Dhivehi: ބަގީޗާ (bagīcā)

[bɑːɣ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bɑːɣ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bɑːɣ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bɔːɣ.t͡ʃʰä]


آسمان

head

آسمان • (âsmân or âsemân) (plural آسمانها (âsmân-hâ, âsemân-hâ))

âsmân (romanization)
âsemân (romanization)
آسمانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: asiman

→ Bengali: আসমান (āsman)

→ Chagatai: آڛمان

Uyghur: ئاسمان (asman)

Uzbek: osmon

desc

→ Dungan: асмон (asmon) (perhaps via Chagatai)

→ Gujarati: આસમાન (āsamān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आसमान (āsmān)

Urdu: آسمان (āsmān)

→ Khowar: آسمان (asmán)

→ Kalami: آسمان (āsmān)

→ Kazakh: аспан (aspan) (perhaps via Chagatai)

→ Kermanic: آسمون (ā̊semūn, āsɛmūn)

→ Khalaj: âsmân

→ Kyrgyz: асмон (asmon) (perhaps via Chagatai)

→ Marathi: अस्मान (asmān)

→ Nepali: अस्मान (asmān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਮਾਨ (asamān)

Shahmukhi script: آسمان (āsmān)

→ Marwari: असमाण (asmāṇ)

→ Sindhi: آسمان (āsmān)

→ Sivandi: āsemān

→ Turkmen: asman

→ Yagnobi: осмон (osmon)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā
Proto-Iranian *Hácmā
Old Median *asmābor.
Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (a-s-m-a-n-m)
Persian آسمان
Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭 (ʾsmʾn /āsmān/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (asmānam), from Proto-Iranian *Hácmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognate with Classical Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman) and Vedic Sanskrit अश्मा (aśmā)

inh+

آسمان ابری

آسمان آبی

به سطح آسمان انبوه اختر نمایان در طبق چون مشت گوهر

1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

On the surface of the sky, a myriad of stars were showing themselves on a plate like a handful of pearls.

be sath-e âsmân anbuh-e axtar nomâyân dar tabq čon mošt-e gowhar


ابرو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blwk' /brūg/), from Proto-Iranian *HbrúHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HbʰrúHs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs.
Cognates include Northern Kurdish birû, Ossetian ӕрфыг (ærfyg), Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū), Old English brū (English brow), Ancient Greek ὀφρύς (ophrús), Old East Slavic бръвь (brŭvĭ), Proto-Slavic *bry.


مانکن

head

مانکن • (mânkan)

fa-noun

مانکن • (mânkan)


میش

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭩𐭱 (mēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (*maiša), from Proto-Iranian *mayšáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós (“sheep, skin of sheep”). Cognate with Sanskrit मेष (meṣá) and Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša).


آژان

head

آژان • (âžân) (plural آژانها (âžân-hâ))

fa-noun

آژان • (âžân) (plural آژانها (âžân-hâ))


آژانس

head

آژانس • (âžâns) (plural آژانسها (âžâns-hâ))

[ʔɑː.ˈʒɑːns]

[ʔɑː.ʒɑ́ːns]

[ʔɑː.ʒɑ́ːns]

[ʔɑː.ʒɑ́ːns]

[ʔɔː.ʒɔ́ːns]

[ʔɒː.ʒɒ́ːns]

آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی

âžâns-e beyn-olmelali-ye enerži-ye atomi


دام

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHma (compare Sanskrit दामन् (dā́man, “string, cord, rope, fetter”)), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁-mn̥, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- (“to bind”).

cog

به دام افتادن

to get trapped (literally, “to fall in a trap”)

به دام انداختن

to trap, ensnare (literally, “to throw into a trap”)


دام

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾm /dām/, “tame animal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to tame, dominate”). Cognates include Sanskrit दाम्यति (dāmyati), Ancient Greek δαμνάω (damnáō), and Latin domō.

der

any domesticated animals and livestock such as sheep, cows, goats, dogs, cats, etc


نایلون

head

نایلون • (nâylon)

fa-noun

نایلون • (nâylon)


آژیر

Borrowed from Avestan [Term?], etymologically related to زیرک (zirak, “clever”) and چیره (čire, “dominant, victorious”).

آژیرها به صدا در آمدند.


اورژانس

head

اورژانس • (uržâns) (plural اورژانسها (uržâns-hâ))

uržâns (romanization)
اورژانسها (plural)

accident and emergency
accident and emergency

emergency department
emergency department

(Iran, informal) accident and emergency (UK), A & E (UK), emergency department, emergency room (US)


ذات

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ात (zāt)

Urdu: ذَات (zāt)

در ذاتش

essence; nature, fundamental characteristic

ذات شریف

(archaic) person; especially often used in old-fashioned honorifics.


پولاد

پولاد • (pōlād)

fa-noun

پولاد • (pōlād)

desc

→ Arabic: فُولَاذ (fūlāḏ), بُولَاد (būlād)

Andalusian Arabic: فُولَاذ

Egyptian Arabic: بولاد (bulād)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܦܘܠܕ (pūlāḏ)

→ Azerbaijani: polad

→ Bashkir: Булат (Bulat)

→ Buryat: булад (bulad)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur:

Arabic script: پولات (polat)

Cyrillic script: полат (polat)

Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: пўлат (poʻlat)

Latin script: poʻlat

desctree

→ Georgian: ფოლადი (poladi)
→ Bats: ფოლად (polad)
→ Mingrelian: ფოლანდი (polandi), ფულანდი (pulandi)
→ Svan: ფოლა̈დ (poläd)

→ Gujarati: પોલાદ (polād)

→ Hebrew: פלדה (pladá)

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: بولات

Cyrillic script: болат (bolat)

→ Kyrgyz: болот (bolot)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փոլատ (pʻolat), փօլատ (pʻōlat)

→ Middle Mongol:

Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Cyrillic script: болд (bold)

→ Chinese: 孛羅／孛罗 (Bóluó)

→ Written Oirat: ᡋᡆᠯᡆᡑ (bolod)

Kalmyk: болд (bold)

→ Ossetian: болат (bolat) (via Turkic)

→ Russian: булат (bulat) (via Turkic)

→ English: bulat

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولاد (pûlâd, polâd)

Turkish: polat

Siberian Turkic (via Kipchak or Mongolic):

→ Khakas: молат (molat)

→ Shor: молат (molat)

→ Northern Altai: полот (polot)

→ Tofa: болат (bolat)

→ Tuvan: болат (bolat)

→ Turkmen: polat

[pʰʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰuː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwlʾpt'), 𐫛𐫇𐫓𐫀𐫇𐫅 (pwlʾwd /pōlāwad/). Probably from Old Persian *paurāvat-/*paurāvatī (meaning: “(equipped) with sharp metal blade”). Cognate with Iranian borrowing Old Armenian պողովատ (połovat), պողոպատ (połopat).

inh

فولاد فولاد#Persian

Early Classical form of فولاد (fulâd, “steel”)


هنرپیشه

head

هنرپیشه • (honarpiše) (plural هنرپیشگان (honarpišegân) or هنرپیشهها (honarpiše-hâ))

honarpiše (romanization)
هنرپیشگان (plural)
هنرپیشهها (plural)

[ʔʊ.näɾ.pʰeː.ʃä]


طب

medicine (science and field of healthcare)


دره

→ Gujarati: દરા (darā)

→ Khalaj: dara

→ Ottoman Turkish: دره (dere)

Turkish: dere

→ Azerbaijani: dərə

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, split”) or *dʰel(h₂)- ("valley"), the existence of which is uncertain, see Proto-Germanic *dalą for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬥𐬁 (darenā) and Sogdian 𐫔𐫡 (δar-).


برس

head

برس • (boros or bros) (plural برسها (boros-hâ))

boros (romanization)
bros (romanization)
برسها (plural)


قاره

قارِّه • (qârre)

fa-noun

قارِّه • (qârre)


قاره

head

قارِّه • (qârre)

fa-noun

قارِّه • (qârre)

Compare Northern Kurdish qarîn (“to shout”). Perhaps related to (or a Arabicized form of) Bakhtiari Lorish گالَه (gāla) (: "to shout or scream loudly")


دریاچه

head

دَرْیاچِه • (daryâče) (plural دریاچهها (daryâče-hâ))

دَرْیاچِه (canonical)
daryâče (romanization)
دریاچهها (plural)

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɔː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪æɹ.jɒː.t͡ʃʰé]

[d̪äɾ.jɔ.t͡ʃʰǽ]


ویلا

villâ (romanization)
vilâ (romanization)


بستنی

بَسْتَنی • (bastani)

fa-noun

بَسْتَنی • (bastani)

بَسْتَنی (canonical)
bastani (romanization)

From بَسْتَن (bastan, “to freeze, bind”).


پشت

head

پُشت • (pošt)

fa-noun

پُشت • (pošt)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پوشت (puşt), بوشت (buşt)
Turkish: puşt
→ Albanian: posht
→ Armenian: փուշտ (pʻušt)
→ Aromanian: pushtu
→ Bulgarian: пущ (pušt)
→ Greek: πούστης (poústis)
→ Romanian: puști
→ Serbo-Croatian: пушт, pušt

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਸ਼ਤ (puśat)

Shahmukhi script: پشت (puśat)

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *pr̥štáh (“back”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (paršta), Sanskrit पृष्ठ (pṛṣṭha).

inh+

پشت بر دیوار

[…]کان خرش در چنگ گرگی مانده بود، پارهها از پشت و رانش میربود.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 221:

[…] that his donkey was left in the clutch of a wolf, [which] was tearing pieces [of flesh] from its back and thighs.

[…] k-ân xaraš dar čang-e gorgi mânde bud, pâre-hâ az pošt o rânaš mi-rabud.

تو را گفت دانا بباید شنود / ببر تا بهفتاد پشت از یهود / جهودان و هندو که بدگوهرند / همی هر یکی بدتر از دیگرند

1427, ابن حسام خوسفی, “خاوراننامه [Khāvarān-nāma]”, in Julia Rubanovich, transl., On Representations of Jews in Medieval Persian Epic Poetry, Irano-Judaica VII (2019), page 361:

You should listen to the words of the wise: "Cut yourself off from Jews up to seventy generations; Jews and Indians are ill-natured; one is worse than the other."

to-râ goft-e dânâ be-bâyad šonud / be-bor tâ be-haftâd pošt az yahud / johudân o hendu ke bad-gowhar-and / hami har yeki bad-tar az digar-and

هر که را آتش پناه و پشت شد، هم مجوسی گشت و هم زردشت شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3922:

Any one to whom fire is a refuge and support becomes both a Magian and a Zoroaster.

har ke râ âtash panâh o post šod, ham majusi gašt o ham zardošt šod.


سنا

head

سنا • (senâ)

fa-noun

سنا • (senâ)


اشتباه

head

اشتباه • (eštebâh) (plural اشتباهات (eštebâhât) or اشتباهها (eštebâh-hâ))

eštebâh (romanization)
اشتباهات (plural)
اشتباهها (plural)

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ː]

[ʔeʃ.t̪ʰe.bɒ́ːʰ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِشْتِبَاه (ištibāh, “uncertainty, confusion”).

bor+

اشتباهاتِ دستوری


شیطانی

head

شیطانی • (šeytâni)

fa-noun

شیطانی • (šeytâni)

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَانِيّ (šayṭāniyy).


انرژی

head

انرژی • (enerži)

fa-noun

انرژی • (enerži)


ترس

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *tros-ó-s (“fear, dread”), from *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”). Compare Sanskrit त्रास (trāsa).


ترس

Borrowed from Arabic تُرْس (turs, “shield”), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).


النگو

head

النگو • (alangu) (plural النگوها (alangu-hâ))

[ʔæ.læŋ.ɡúː]

(chiefly Iran, Herati) bangle, bracelet without clasp


آسیا

آسیا • (âsiyâ)

fa-noun

آسیا • (âsiyâ)

آسیاب آسیاب#Persian


ارائه

head

ارائه • (erâ'e)

fa-noun

ارائه • (erâ'e)

[ʔi.ɾɑː.ˈʔa]

ارائۀ اطلاعات


آن

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

دهان دهان#Persian

(dialectal) Alternative form of دهان (dahân, “mouth”)


کودکستان

head

کودَکِسْتان • (kudakestân)

fa-noun

کودَکِسْتان • (kudakestân)

کودَکِسْتان (canonical)
kudakestân (romanization)

From کودک + ـستان.

af

کودک + ـستان


یمن

شعرم به یمن مدح تو صد ملک دل گشاد
گویی که تیغ توست زبان سخنورم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 329”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

My poetry has conquered the kingdoms of a hundred hearts by the blessing of praising you,
As if my eloquent tongue should be your blade.

ši'ram ba yumn-i madh-i tu sad mulk-i dil gušād
gūyī ki tēğ-i tu-st zabān-i suxanwaram


او

Colloquial form of آب (âb, “water; liquid; juice”) in various regions.


شرور

head

شرور • (šarur)

fa-noun

شرور • (šarur)


شیطنت

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَنَة (šayṭana), from the verb شَيْطَنَ (šayṭana, “to act as the devil”).


کمک

→ Georgian: ქომაგი (komagi)

→ Gujarati: કુમક (kumak)

→ Hindi: कुमक (kumak)

→ Urdu: کمک (kumak)

From Azerbaijani kömək (“help, assistance”), from Proto-Turkic *kömek (“help, assistance”). Compare Uzbek koʻmak (“help”), Kazakh көмек (kömek, “help”), Yakut көмө (kömö, “help”); Bashkir күмәк (kümək, “group of people doing one job”).

به کمک احتیاج دارید؟

be komak ehtiyâj dârid?, politely or to multiple people

به کمک احتیاج داری؟

be komak ehtiyâj dâri?, familiarly and to one person


ولی

Borrowed from Arabic وَلِيّ (waliyy), from the root و ل ي (w-l-y).


آدم

Tajik: одам (odam)

→ Bengali: আদম (adom)

→ Chagatai: آدم (ādam)

Uyghur: ئادەم (adem)

Uzbek: odam

→ Gujarati: આદમ (ādam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आदम (ādam)

Urdu: آدم (ādam)

→ Kazakh: адам (adam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਦਮ (ādam)

Shahmukhi script: آدم (ādam)

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠖꠝ (adomo)

man (A person, usually male, who can fulfill one's requirements with regard to a specified matter.)


قول

head

قول • (qowl) (plural اقوال (aqvâl) or اقاویل (aqâvil))

qowl (romanization)
اقوال (plural)
اقاویل (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qövl

→ Bengali: কওল (koul)

→ Gujarati: કોલ (kol)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ौल (qaul)

Urdu: قَول (qaul)

→ Marathi: कौल (kaul)

→ Marwari: कौल (kaul)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਲ (kaul)

Shahmukhi script: قَول (qaul)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: قَوْلُ

Devanagari script: क़ौलु

کسی قول قرآن کند اعتبار
همان روز آخر شود مرد خوار

1705, Guru Gobind Singh, “verse 15”, in ظفرنامه [Zafarnama]:

Whoever puts stock in the vow on the Qur'an: he will be a wretched man in the end.

kasi qowl-e qor-ân konad e'tebâr
hamân ruz-e âxar šavad mard xâr

به راه چشم شنو قول این جهان که حکیم
به راه چشم شنوده است گفتهٔ دنیی

11th century, ناصرخسرو [Nasir Khusraw], دیوان اشعار پارسی:

Listen by way of the eyes to the words of this world, for the wise man has heard the world's sayings by way of his eyes.

be râh-e čašm šenow qowl-e in jahân ke hakim
be râh-e čašm šonude ast gofte-ye donyi


حوله

حُولِه • (howle) (plural حولهها (howle-hâ))

حُولِه (canonical)
howle (romanization)
حولهها (plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خاولی (havlu).

bor+

حولهٔ کاغذی


رابطه

head

رابِطِه • (râbete) (plural روابط (ravâbet) or رابطهها (râbete-hâ))

رابِطِه (canonical)
râbete (romanization)
روابط (plural)
رابطهها (plural)

رابطه عاطفی

رابطه خارج از ازدواج

رابطه جنسی

رابطه دوتایی

relationship; bond; relation; connection


مردمک

desc

→ Azerbaijani: mərdümək, mərcimək, mərci

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مردمك (merdümek), مرجمك (mercimek)
Turkish: merdimek, mercimek, mercemek, mürdümük, mürdük, mercek
→ Armenian: մէրճիմէկ (mērčimēk) — Constantinople
→ Bulgarian: мерджеме́к (merdžemék), мержеме́к (meržemék), мермжеме́к (mermžemék), мерджумек (merdžumek)
→ Georgian: მერჯიმეგ (merǯimeg) — Imerkhevi

Alternative forms: مرجمک (marjomak), مرجومک (marjumak), مرجو (marju)


اهریمن

head

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman) (plural اهریمنان (ahrimanân) or اهریمنها (ahriman-hâ))

اَهْریمَن (canonical)
ahriman (romanization)
اهریمنان (plural)
اهریمنها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾhlmn', ʾhlymn', 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (Ahreman).


آبستنی

آبستنی • (âbestani) (plural آبستنیها (âbestani-hâ))

âbestani (romanization)
آبستنیها (plural)

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]


اساسی

اَساسی • (asâsi)

fa-noun

اَساسی • (asâsi)

Borrowed from Arabic أَسَاسِيّ (ʔasāsiyy).


رخ

آن خدو زد بر رخی که روی ماه
سجده آرد پیش او در سجدهگاه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3724:

He spat on the countenance before which the face of the moon
 bows low in the place of worship.

ān xadū zad bar rux-ē ki rōy-i māh
sajda ārd piš-i ō dar sajda-gāh


رخ

desctree

→ Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ)
→ Catalan: roc
→ Spanish: roque
→ Old French: roc
Middle French: roc
French: roc
→ Middle English: rook
English: rook
→ Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
→ Korean: 룩 (ruk)

→ Georgian: როქი (roki)

→ Italian: rocco

→ Ottoman Turkish: رخ

→ Urdu: رخ (rux)

From Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”).
Possibly cognate with Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).


ذهن

آفتاب اندر فلک شاگرد ذهن و رای تست
مشتری در حسرترخسارهٔ چون ماه تست

c. 1120, Sanā'ī Ghaznawī, “Tarkīb-band in praise of Ērānshāh”, in دیوان فرخی سنایی [Dīvān of Sanā'i]:

The sun in the sky is the [mere] disciple of your intellect and thought;
[The planet] Jupiter is yearning for your cheeks [which are beautiful] like the Moon.

āftāb andar falak šāgird-i ḏihn u rāy-i tu-st
muštarī dar hasrat-i ruxsāra-yi čūn māh-i tu-st


سوزن

From Middle Persian [script needed] (swcn' /sōzan/, “needle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”), and related to Sanskrit सूची (sūcī, “needle”); see there for more.


کودک

head

کودک • (kudak) (plural کودکان (kudakân))

kudak (romanization)
کودکان (plural)
کودکم (first-person possessive singular)
kudakam (first-person possessive singular)
کودکانم (first-person possessive singular)
kudakấnam (first-person possessive singular)
کودکام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kudakấm (first-person possessive singular)
کودکت (possessive second-person singular)
kudakat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kudaket (possessive second-person singular)
کودکانت (possessive second-person singular)
kudakấnat (possessive second-person singular)
کودکات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kudakất (possessive second-person singular)
کودکش (possessive singular third-person)
kudakaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kudakeš (possessive singular third-person)
کودکانش (possessive singular third-person)
kudakấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
کودکاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kudakấš (possessive singular third-person)
کودکمان (first-person plural possessive)
kudakemân (first-person plural possessive)
کودکمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kudakemun (first-person plural possessive)
کودکانمان (first-person plural possessive)
kudakấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
کودکامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kudakấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کودکتان (plural possessive second-person)
kudaketân (plural possessive second-person)
کودکتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kudaketun (plural possessive second-person)
کودکانتان (plural possessive second-person)
kudakấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
کودکاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kudakấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کودکشان (plural possessive third-person)
kudakešân (plural possessive third-person)
کودکشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kudakešun (plural possessive third-person)
کودکانشان (plural possessive third-person)
kudakấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
کودکاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kudakấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Gujarati: કોદક (kodak)

→ Uzbek: goʻdak

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwtk' /kōdak/), 𐫞𐫇𐫅𐫐 (qwdk /kōdak/, “young, small; baby”) (whence Southern Luri کۏئک (köak, “child”)), from Proto-Iranian *kawta-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *kawta- (“small, diminutive”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kaw- (“small, diminutive (affectionately)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀- (kutaka-, “small”), and possibly Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra, “boy, prince”); see the latter for more possible cognates. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian կոտակ (kotak, “little, short”), կոտիկ (kotik, “baby animal”), Armenian կոտիկ (kotik), կուտիկ (kutik, “puppy”), Chagatai قودوق (kuduk, “donkey foal”), Arabic كوتي (kūtī, “short person”), possibly also Hungarian kutya, Bulgarian ку́че (kúče, “dog”). Doublet of کوتاه and کوچک.


صندل

desc

→ Middle Armenian: սանտալ (santal), սանդալ (sandal)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: संदल (sandal)

Urdu: صندل (sandal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: صندل (sendel), سندل (sendel)

Turkish: sandal

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਦਲ (sandal)

Shahmukhi script: صندل (sandal)

Borrowed from Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal), from Middle Persian cndl (čandal), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana).


صندل

a small boat employed in carrying fresh water and victuals to ships lying at a distance from shore, a bumboat


شیطان

head

شیطان • (šeytân) (plural شیطانها (šeytân-hâ) or شیاطین (šayâtin))

šeytân (romanization)
شیطانها (plural)
شیاطین (plural)

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́n]


لامپ

لامپ • (lâmp)

fa-noun

لامپ • (lâmp)


زیست‌شناس

head

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

fa-noun

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

زیستشناس (canonical)
zist-šenâs (romanization)


شادی

(Dari and elsewhere dialectal) monkey, ape


ریا

head

ریا • (riyâ)

fa-noun

ریا • (riyâ)

کاین نمازم را میامیز ای خدا
با نماز ضالین و اهل ریا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3392:

That is to say, “O God, do not mingle my prayer
with the prayer of the erring and the hypocrites.”

kên namâz-am râ may-amîz ay xudâ
bâ namâz-i-zâlin u ahl-i-riyâ


شتر

→ Gujarati: શુતર (śutar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਤਰ (śutar)

Shahmukhi script: شتر (šutar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (GMRA, ʾwštl /uštar/, “camel”), from Proto-Iranian *úštrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras.


سن

Possibly cognate with Proto-Slavic *sěno.


سری

سری کتابهای هری پاتر


خوشه

The Nabataean Agriculture
de:Brian D. Joseph
es:Federico Corriente Córdoba

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwšk' /hōšag/, “ear of corn, cluster; the star Spica, the constellation Virgo”), borrowed into Old Armenian խոշակ (xošak) and into Arabic حُوشَاكِيّ (ḥūšākiyy, “two-grained wheat”). Note also the mushroom-name غوشنه (ğôšna, ğôšana) passed into Arabic غَوْشَنَة (ḡawšana, “morel”).
Probably from Proto-Iranian *Hawšaka-, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”).

cog

خوشه انگور

خوشهٔ کهکشانی


رگبار

head

رگبار • (ragbâr)

fa-noun

رگبار • (ragbâr)

a large number of bullets shot at the same target


فرودگاه

head

فرودگاه • (forudgâh)

fa-noun

فرودگاه • (forudgâh)

desc

→ Urdu: فرود گاہ (farūd gāh, “airport”) (rare)

[fʊ.ɾuːd̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[fʊ.ɾuːd̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[fʊ.ɾuːd̪.ɡɑ́ː]

[fo.ɹuːd̪.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

From فرود (forud, “down; landing”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “place”).

af

فرودگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی
forudgâh-e beyn-ol-melali-ye emâm xomeyni
Imam Khomeini International Airport


کیک

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیك (keyk)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kdyk' /kayk/), 𐫐𐫏𐫐 (kyk /kayk/), from Proto-Iranian *kā́ykiH. Compare Semnani کیگ (keyg, “flea”), Northern Kurdish kêç (“flea”), Talysh kek (“flea”), Zazaki kekı (“flea”), Central Kurdish كێچ (kêç, “flea”).


کیک

کِیک (canonical)
کیک (canonical)
keyk (romanization)
kêk (romanization)

کیک هویج


سیاره

head

سَیّارِه • (sayyâre) (plural سیارهها (sayyâre-hâ) or سیارات (sayyârât))

سَیّارِه (canonical)
sayyâre (romanization)
سیارهها (plural)
سیارات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic سَيَّارَة (sayyāra), itself an ellipsis of كَوْكَب سَيَّار (kawkab sayyār).


استعداد

head

استعداد • (este'dâd)

fa-noun

استعداد • (este'dâd)

→ Chagatai: استعداد

Uzbek: iste'dod

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इस्तेदाद (istedād)

Urdu: اِسْتِعْداد (istedād)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰe̞ʔ.d̪ɑːd̪]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰe̞ʔ.d̪ɑːd̪]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰeː.d̪ɑːd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِعْدَاد (istiʕdād).

bor+

اِسْتِعْدَاد

استعداد موسیقی

استعداد ذاتی

اما در این جهان، شرف وی بدان است که وی را استعداد و شایستگی باشد که بدان شرف و عز حقیقی رسد وگرنه از وی ناقصتر و پیچیدهتر امروز کیست؟

1105, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazalī, کیمیای سعادت [The Alchemy of Happiness]:

But in this world, his [the human being's] nobility comes from his possession of the natural aptitude and fitness to reach that true nobility and glory. Otherwise, who today is more deficient and twisted than him?

ammā dar īn jahān, šaraf-i way bad-ān ast ki way rā isti'dād u šāyistagī bāšad ki bad-ān šaraf u izz-i haqīqī rasad w-agar-na az way nāqistar u pēčīdatar imrōz kī-st?


سی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter c in English and other European languages.


سی

(music) B, Si (the seventh note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Ti (the seventh note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the leading note)


دیپلمات

head

دیپلمات • (diplomât)

fa-noun

دیپلمات • (diplomât)


پاپا

head

پاپا • (pâpâ)

fa-noun

پاپا • (pâpâ)

[pʰɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[pʰɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[pʰɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[pʰɔː.pʰɔ́ː]

[pʰɒː.pʰɒ́ː]

بابا بابا#Persian


روش

rawiš／raveš (romanization)
روشها (plural)

From رو (raw／row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš／-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

روشِ تدریس

روشِ بهتری

(Sufism) levels of the mystical journey towards God


لوله

→ Azerbaijani: lülə

desctree

→ Georgian: ლულა (lula)
→ Bats: ლულ (lul)

→ Khalaj: lûlə

→ Romanian: lulea

→ Ottoman Turkish: لوله (lüle)
Turkish: lüle
→ Armenian: լյուլե (lyule), լյուլա (lyula)
→ Bulgarian: лула́ f (lulá)
→ Greek: λουλάς m (loulás)
→ Polish: lulka f
→ Russian: лю́лька f (ljúlʹka)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: лу̀ла f
Latin script: lùla f
→ Ukrainian: лю́лька f (ljúlʹka)

Probably from Middle Persian lwlk' (rūrag, “*herb”). Compare Mazanderani لیله (lile, “stalk”) (hence Tehrani لیله (lile, “stalk”)), Northern Luri ڵیڵںە (łiłə).


رابط

head

رابط • (râbet)

fa-noun

رابط • (râbet)


دیپلماسی

head

دیپلماسی • (diplomâsi)

fa-noun

دیپلماسی • (diplomâsi)


غروب

head

غروب • (ğorub)

fa-noun

غروب • (ğorub)


برگ

→ Urdu: برگ (barg)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wlg /warg/, “leaf”) (whence Early New Persian بلگ (balg)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *warkás ~ *walkás. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬐𐬀 (var^əka), Sanskrit वल्क (valka, “bark of a tree”).

inh+

برگ زرد و خراب

برگ سبزی است تحفه درویش.
barg-e sabzi ast tohfe-ye darviš.
A green leaf is a poor man's gift.

برگ گل رز

یار گر گوید که جان ده یا برو از کوی من
عاشق آن باشد که اول برگ جان دادن کند

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 160:

If the beloved says "Give up your life or leave my alley!"
The lover is the one who first intends to give up his life.

yār gar gōyad ki jān dih yā biraw az kō-yi man
āšiq ān bāšad ki awwal barg-i jān dādan kunad


گه

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gwh /guh/), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g(ʷ)uH-. Cognate with Northern Kurdish gû, Northern Luri گی (gi), Proto-Slavic *govьno and Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha).


ماست

→ Arabic: مَاسْت (māst)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (m’st' /māst/, “yoghurt”), from Classical Syriac ܡܣܬܐ (mastā).

inh+

ماست و خیار ― mâst o xiyâr ― mast-o-khiyar, a cucumber and yoghurt side dish


عرق

head

عَرَق • (araq)

fa-noun

عَرَق • (araq)

→ Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

→ Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند
از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلاب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:

It is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face],
When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.

āfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand
az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulāb

arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)

spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage


فک

Borrowed from Arabic فَكّ (fakk, “jaw, jawbone”).


فک

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē, “seal”)


نماد

head

نماد • (namâd)

fa-noun

نماد • (namâd)

[næ.mɒ́ːd̪̥]

Deverbal from نمادن (namâdan, “to show”), variant of نمودن (nemudan).


بندر

head

بَنْدَر • (bandar) (plural بنادر (banâder) or بندرها (bandar-hâ))

بَنْدَر (canonical)
bandar (romanization)
بنادر (plural)
بندرها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَنْدَر (bandar)
→ Swahili: bandari

→ Gujarati: બંદર (bandar)

→ Malay: bandar
Indonesian: bandar
→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

com

بند (band, “band, tie”) + در (dar, “door”)


یاس

A shortening from یاسمن (yâsaman, “jasmine”).


سفره

head

سفره • (sofre) (plural سفرهها (sofre-hâ))

→ Armenian: սուփրա (supʻra)

→ Azerbaijani: süfrə

→ Central Kurdish: سفرە (sifre)

→ Georgian: სუფრა (supra)

→ English: supra

→ Ottoman Turkish: سفره (sofra)

Turkish: sofra

→ Albanian: sofër

→ Aromanian: sufrã, sofrã

→ Bulgarian: софра́ (sofrá)

→ Crimean Tatar: sofra

→ Laz: სოჶრა (sofra)

→ Romanian: sofra

→ Serbo-Croatian: sȍfra, sȍpra, sȍvra

Borrowed from Arabic سُفْرَة (sufra, “victuals; table, especially for eating”). Displaced native خوان (xân).
Cheung speculates it is from a root meaning to make up "beautify"


رمان

head

رمان • (român)

fa-noun

رمان • (român)


صفت

head

صفت • (sefat) (plural صفات (sefât) or صفتها (sefat-hâ))

sefat (romanization)
صفات (plural)
صفتها (plural)


شهاب

شهاب • (šahâb) (plural شهابها (šahâb-hâ))


خورش

خورش • (xoreš)

fa-noun

خورش • (xoreš)

From خور (xor, “present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)”) + ـش (-eš).

af

خور
<t:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat”)>

بخندید رستم بدو گفت شاه
ز بهر خورش دارد این پیشگاه
خورش چون بدین گونه داری به خوان
چرا رفتی اندر دم هفتخوان

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Rustam laughed and told him, "Kings
Hold court for the sake of the food.
When you can have only this much food at a feast,
Why did you bother to perform the Seven Feats?"

bixandīd rustam bad-ō gūft šāh
zi bahr-i xwariš dārad īn pēšgāh
xwariš čūn bad-ēn gōna dārī ba xwān
čirā raftī andar dam-i haftxwān


گوز

gowz (romanization)
گوزها (plural)
گوز (singular)
gowz (singular)
گوزها (plural)
gowz-hấ (plural)
گوزا (colloquial plural)
gowzấ (plural)
گوز را (definite direct-object singular)
gowz râ (definite direct-object singular)
گوز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
gowzo (definite direct-object singular)
گوزها را (definite direct-object plural)
gowz-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
گوزا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
gowzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
گوز (ezafe singular)
gowz-e (ezafe singular)
گوزهای (ezafe plural)
gowz-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گوزای (colloquial ezafe plural)
gowzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گوزی (definite relative singular)
گوزی (indefinite singular stressed)
gowz-i (definite relative singular)
gowz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
گوزهایی (definite plural relative)
گوزهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
gowzấn-i, gowz-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
gowzấn-i, gowz-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
گوزایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
گوزایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
gowzấi (definite plural relative)
gowzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
گوزم (first-person possessive singular)
gowzam (first-person possessive singular)
گوزهایم (first-person possessive singular)
gowz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
گوزهام، گوزام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
gowzấm (first-person possessive singular)
گوزت (possessive second-person singular)
gowzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gowzet (possessive second-person singular)
گوزهایت (possessive second-person singular)
gowz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
گوزهات، گوزات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gowzất (possessive second-person singular)
گوزش (possessive singular third-person)
gowzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gowzeš (possessive singular third-person)
گوزهایش (possessive singular third-person)
gowz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
گوزهاش، گوزاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gowzấš (possessive singular third-person)
گوزمان (first-person plural possessive)
gowzemân (first-person plural possessive)
گوزمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gowzemun (first-person plural possessive)
گوزهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
gowz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
گوزهامون، گوزامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gowzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
گوزتان (plural possessive second-person)
gowzetân (plural possessive second-person)
گوزتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gowzetun (plural possessive second-person)
گوزهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
gowz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
گوزهاتون، گوزاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gowzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
گوزشان (plural possessive third-person)
gowzešân (plural possessive third-person)
گوزشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gowzešun (plural possessive third-person)
گوزهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
gowz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
گوزهاشون، گوزاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gowzấšun (plural possessive third-person)
گوزم (first-person predicative singular)
gowzam (first-person predicative singular)
گوزیم (first-person plural predicative)
gowzim (first-person plural predicative)
گوزی (predicative second-person singular)
gowzi (predicative second-person singular)
گوزید (plural predicative second-person)
gowzid (plural predicative second-person)
گوزین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
gowzin (plural predicative second-person)
گوز است (predicative singular third-person)
gowz ast (predicative singular third-person)
گوزه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
gowze (predicative singular third-person)
گوزند (plural predicative third-person)
gowzand (plural predicative third-person)
گوزن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
gowzan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Urdu: گوز (gōz)

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭦 (gōz, “walnut”), from unattested Old Persian *angauza, probably ultimately from Old Iranian *gauza- (“nut”), with the preverb *han-, from Proto-Iranian *gauz- (“to hide, conceal”) (compare Sanskrit गूहति (gū́hati, “to cover, conceal”)), referring to the fact that the edible nut is enclosed in a green outer fruit wall. See Old Armenian ընկոյզ (ənkoyz) for more.


ظرف

head

ظرف • (zarf) (plural ظروف (zoruf) or ظرفها (zarf-hâ))

zarf (romanization)
ظروف (plural)
ظرفها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: zərf

ظرفهارا پاک کن

رکورد گرانترین ظرف چینی شکسته شد

2017, “عکسخبر؛ رکورد گرانترین ظرف چینی شکسته شد”, in BBC Persian:

the record for the most expensive porcelain dish has been broken

rekord-e gerân-tarin zarf-e čini šekaste šod


ریحان

ریحان • (reyhân)

fa-noun

ریحان • (reyhân)

Borrowed from Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil”).


موزیک

desc

→ Central Kurdish: مووزیک (mûzîk), موزیک (muzîk)

موسیقی موسیقی#Persian


دیگ

→ Bengali: ডেক (ḍek), ডেগ (ḍeg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देग (deg)

Urdu: دیگ (deg)

→ Mauritian Creole: deg

→ Pashto: دېګ

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਗ (deg)

Shahmukhi script: دیگ (deg)

→ Ushojo: دیگ (deg)

From Middle Persian dyk' (dēg, “cauldron”), from Proto-Iranian *dai(a)-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to shine, radiate, light a fire”), with possible semantic contamination from Proto-Iranian *daĵ- (“to burn”). The former is from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”) and cognate with Semnani دیک (dik, “pot”), Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, illuminate”), Ancient Greek δέατο (déato, “shone”), and Old Norse teitr (“cheerful”), while the latter is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


پاکت

head

پاکت • (pâkat)

fa-noun

پاکت • (pâkat)

[pʰɑː.kʰät̪]

[pʰɑː.kʰät̪]

[pʰɑː.kʰät̪]

[pʰɔː.kʰät̪]

[pʰɒː.kʰʲæt̪]

Borrowed from French paquet. Compare Ottoman Turkish پاكت.


بز

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (AZ /buz/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwc /buz/), from Proto-Iranian *bujáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūǵ-o-s, from *bʰuǵ- (“buck, he-goat”). Cognate with English buck (“male goat”), Thracian *būzas.

inh+

میش و بز و گاو و خر و پیل و شیر
یکسره زین جانور اندر بلاست

11th century, Nāṣir Khusraw, “Qasīda 29”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir Khusraw]:

Sheep and goats, cattle and donkeys, elephants and lions
Are all of them afflicted by this animal [the human].

mēš u buz u gāw u xar u pīl u šēr
yaksara z-īn jānwar andar balā-st


ریش

riš (romanization)
ریشها (plural)
ریش (singular)
riš (singular)
ریشها (plural)
riš-hấ (plural)
ریشا (colloquial plural)
rišấ (plural)
ریش را (definite direct-object singular)
riš râ (definite direct-object singular)
ریش رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
rišo (definite direct-object singular)
ریشها را (definite direct-object plural)
riš-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ریشا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
rišấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
ریش (ezafe singular)
riš-e (ezafe singular)
ریشهای (ezafe plural)
riš-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ریشای (colloquial ezafe plural)
rišấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ریشی (definite relative singular)
ریشی (indefinite singular stressed)
riš-i (definite relative singular)
riš-i (indefinite singular stressed)
ریشهایی (definite plural relative)
ریشهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
ریشایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
ریشایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
rišấi (definite plural relative)
rišấi (indefinite plural stressed)
ریشم (first-person possessive singular)
rišam (first-person possessive singular)
ریشهایم (first-person possessive singular)
riš-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ریشهام، ریشام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
rišấm (first-person possessive singular)
ریشت (possessive second-person singular)
rišat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rišet (possessive second-person singular)
ریشهایت (possessive second-person singular)
riš-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ریشهات، ریشات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rišất (possessive second-person singular)
ریشش (possessive singular third-person)
rišaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rišeš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشهایش (possessive singular third-person)
riš-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشهاش، ریشاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rišấš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشمان (first-person plural possessive)
rišemân (first-person plural possessive)
ریشمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rišemun (first-person plural possessive)
ریشهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
riš-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ریشهامون، ریشامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rišấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ریشتان (plural possessive second-person)
rišetân (plural possessive second-person)
ریشتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rišetun (plural possessive second-person)
ریشهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
riš-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ریشهاتون، ریشاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rišấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ریششان (plural possessive third-person)
rišešân (plural possessive third-person)
ریششون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rišešun (plural possessive third-person)
ریشهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
riš-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ریشهاشون، ریشاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rišấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (lyš /rēš/, “beard”), probably from Proto-Iranian *xraiša-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreyso-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kre-i-s-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).


ریش

Inherited from Middle Persian lyš (rēš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rayšás (“injury, wound”) from the root *rayš- (“to be wounded, hurt; to suffer injury”).


ته

→ Urdu: تہ (tah)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (th /tah/), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tews- (“to be empty, drain”), and thus cognate with تهی (tohi, “empty, hollow”), Sanskrit तुच्छ्य (tucchya, “empty, vain”). Compare also Persian تک (tak, “bottom”).

cog

ته دریا

ته چاه

ته سیگار

ته خط


کیوان

head

کیوان • (keyvân)


نیشکر

از وی ترنج و نارنج و نیشکر و نیلوفر خیزد.
az vey toranj o nârenj o neyšekar o nilufar xizad.
Bergamot orange, bitter orange, sugarcanes, and nilufar grow over there (Balkh).
―Hudud al-'alam

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual


لانه

لانه • (lâne)

fa-noun

لانه • (lâne)

Not found in Middle Persian; early attestations are from Rumi, mid-1200s.

home for animals:
lair; den (for mammals)

آتشی افتاد در عهد عمر
همچو چوب خشک میخورد او حجر
در فتاد اندر بنا و خانهها
تا زد اندر پر مرغ و لانهها

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3707—3708:

A conflagration occurred in the time of ‘Umar:
It was devouring stones as though they were dry wood.
It fell upon buildings and houses,
Until [at last] it darted at the wings and nests of birds.

ātašē uftād dar ahd-i umar
hamčō čōb-i xušk mē-xwarad ō xajar
dar fitād andar binā u xāna-hā
tā zad andar parr-i morğ u lāna-hā

لانه جاسوسی

این جهان شهوتی بتخانهایست
انبیا و کافران را لانهایست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 818:

This world, [which is] associated with lust, is an idol-temple:
It is a nest [abode] for the prophets and the infidels [alike].

īn jahān-i šahwatī butxāna'ē-st
abniyā u kāfirān rā lāna'ē-st

(figurative) lair, den (usually of criminal activity)


بحث

→ Bashkir: бәхәс (bəxəs)

→ Bengali: বাহাস (bahaś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बहस (bahas)

Urdu: بحث

→ Kazakh: бәс (bäs)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਹਿਸ (bahis)

Shahmukhi script: بحث (bahis)


قصاب

head

قصاب • (qassâb) (plural قصابها (qassâb-hâ) or قصابان (qassâbân))

qassâb (romanization)
قصابها (plural)
قصابان (plural)

→ Gujarati: કસ્સાબ (kassāb)

→ Kyrgyz: касап (kasap)

→ Punjabi: قَصائی (qaṣā'ī)/Punjabi: ਕਸਾਈ (kasāī)

→ Urdu: قصاب (qassāb)


زلزله

زلزله • (zelzele) (plural زلزلهها (zelzele-hâ))

Tajik: зилзила (zilzila)

→ Bagheli: जलजला (jaljalā)

→ Chagatai: زلزله

Uyghur: زىلزىلە (zilzile)

Uzbek: zilzila

→ Gojri: زَلْزَلو (zalzalo)

→ Haryanvi: जलजला (jaljalā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़लज़ला (zalzalā)

Urdu: زَلْزَلَہ (zalzala)

→ Kashmiri: زَلزَلہٕ (zalzalụ)

→ Kazakh: зілзала (zılzala)

→ Pashto: زلزله

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਲਜ਼ਲਾ (zalzalā)

Shahmukhi script: زَلْزَلَہ (zalzalah)

→ Saraiki: زَلْزَلَہ (zalzalah)

→ Sindhi:

desc

Arabic script: زَلْزِلو, زِلْزِلو

Arabic script: زَلْزِلو, زِلْزِلو

Devanagari script: ज़ल्ज़िलो, ज़िलज़िलो, ज़िल्ज़िलो

Khudabadi script: 𑋂𑋩𑋚𑋪𑋂𑋩𑋡𑋚𑋧 (zalzilo), 𑋂𑋩𑋡𑋚𑋂𑋩𑋡𑋚𑋧 (zilazilo), 𑋂𑋩𑋡𑋚𑋪𑋂𑋩𑋡𑋚𑋧 (zilzilo)

Borrowed from Arabic زَلْزَلَة (zalzala).


آزمون

head

آزمون • (âzmun)

fa-noun

آزمون • (âzmun)

From verb آزمودن (âzmudan, “to test, to experience”).


رسم

رَسْم (canonical)
rasm (romanization)
رُسوم (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रस्म (rasma)

Urdu: رسم (rasm)

→ Punjabi: ਰਸਮ (rasam)

عزم ره کردند آن هر سه پسر / سوی املاک پدر رسم سفر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 3630:

The [King's] three sons set out, in the fashion of [men equipped for] travel, to [visit] their father's [distant] possessions.

'azm-e rah kardand ân har se pesar / su-ye amlâk-e pedar rasm-e safar


نور

head

نور • (nur) (plural انوار (anvâr) or نورها (nur-hâ))

nur (romanization)
انوار (plural)
نورها (plural)

آن کسی که او ببیند روی خویش
نور او از نور خلقان است بیش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 884:

He that beholds his own face (reality)—
his light is greater than the light of the creatures (of God).

ān kas-ē ki ō bi-bīnad rōy-i xwēš
nūr-i ō az nūr-i xalqān ast bēš


رز

→ Ottoman Turkish: رز (rez)

Middle Persian [script needed] (lc), [script needed] (lz /raz/). Cognates include Ancient Greek ῥάξ (rháx, “grape”), Latin racēmus, and their descendants, including English raisin.


رز

Borrowing from French rose, from Latin rosa, possibly from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), itself possibly from an Iranian language. Doublet of گل (gol) if the Greek is an Iranian borrowing.


حرم

حرم امام حسین ― haram-e emâm hoseyn ― Imam Husayn Shrine

حرم مکه

پاسبان حرم دل شدهام شب همه شب
تا در این پرده جز اندیشه او نگذارم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 324”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I have become the sentinel of my heart's sanctuary, night-long every night,
So as to let in nothing but thoughts of her beyond this veil.

pāsbān-i haram-i dil šuda-am šab hama šab
tā dar īn parda juz andīša-i ō naguzāram


اشک

→ Chagatai: اشك (eşk)

→ Gujarati: અશ્ક (aśk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अश्क (aśk)

Urdu: اشک (aśk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸ਼ਕ (aśak)

Shahmukhi script: اشک (aśk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اشك (eşk)

A suffixed form of Proto-Iranian *Hácru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”). It may have been borrowed from Parthian 𐫀𐫢𐫐 (ʾšk /ašk/) or some other Iranian language. Doublet of ارس (ars), which was inherited and lacks the suffix. Compare Khotanese [script needed] (āṣka-), Wakhi yašk.


مسلمان

مسلمان • (mosalmân) (plural مسلمانان (mosalmânân) or مسلمین (moslemin) or مسلمانها (mosalmân-hâ))

mosalmân (romanization)
مسلمانان (plural)
مسلمین (plural)
مسلمانها (plural)

→ Avar: бусурманчи (busurmanči)

→ Azerbaijani: müsəlman

→ Bashkir: мосолман (mosolman)

→ Bengali: মুসলমান (musolman)

desctree

→ Chagatai: مسلمان
Uyghur: مۇسۇلمان (musulman)
Uzbek: musulmon

→ Dargwa: бусурман (busurman)

⇒ Georgian: მუსულმანი (musulmani)

→ Gujarati: મુસલમાન (musalmān)

→ Kazakh: мұсылман (mūsylman)

→ Kumyk: бусурман (busurman)

→ Kyrgyz: мусулман (musulman)

→ Lak: бусурман (busurman)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: मुसलमान (musalᵊmān)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒮𑒪𑒧𑒰𑒢 (musalamāna)

→ Marathi: मुसलमान (musalmān)

→ Mongolian: мусульман (musulʹman)

→ Old Hindi: मुसलमांन (musalamā̃na)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
Urdu: مُسَلْمَان (musalmān)

→ Odia: ମୁସଲମାନ (musalamāna)

→ Tatar: мөселман (möselman)

desc

мусульма́нін

→ Belarusian: мусульма́нін (musulʹmánin)

мусульма́нин

→ Russian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmánin)

мусульма́нин

→ Ukrainian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmányn)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مسلمان
Turkish: Müslüman
→ Albanian: mysliman
→ Crimean Tatar: musulman
→ Italian: musulmano
→ German: Muselman
→ Estonian: musulman
→ Swedish: muselman
→ French: musulman
→ Galician: musulmán
→ English: Mussulman
→ Maltese: musulman
→ Portuguese: muçulmano
→ Romanian: musulman
→ Spanish: musulmán
→ Bulgarian: мюсюлма́нин (mjusjulmánin)
→ Greek: μουσουλμάνος (mousoulmános)
→ Macedonian: муслиман (musliman)
→ Serbo-Croatian: муслѝма̄н / muslìmān
→ Slovene: muslimȃn

desc

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਣੁ (musalamāṇu), ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੁ (musalamānu)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ (muslamān)

Shahmukhi script: مُسَلمان (musalmān)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُسلْمان

Devanagari script: मुसलमान

Ultimately from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), probably a corrupted borrowing of the Arabic plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn).
This is one of a number of very early oral borrowings from Arabic, dating to the earliest years of Islamic rule, that underwent irregular phonetic shifts. Others include میر (mir, “prince”) from أَمِير (ʔamīr) and now archaic Classical Persian مزگت (mazgit, “mosque”) from مَسْجِد (masjid).

ncog

عزمش چو عزم و حجت پیغمبران درست
رایش چو رای و دولت نیک اختران متین
همچون پدر بزرگ و جهاندار و بختیار
همچون پدر کریم و مسلمان و پاکدین

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 175”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

His resolve is correct like the resolve and deeds of the prophets,
His opinion is firm like the opinion and felicity of the fortunate:
Just like his father, he is great, world-possessing, auspicious,
Just like his father, he is noble, Muslim, pure of faith.

azm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payğambarān durust
rāy-aš čū rāy u dawlat-i nēk axtarān matīn
hamčūn pidar buzurg u jahandār u baxtyār
hamčūn pidar karīm u musalmān u pākdīn

مسلمانان مرا وقتی دلی بود
که با وی گفتمی گر مشکلی بود

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 217”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

Muslims! I once used to have a heart
To whom I would talk, should I have a problem.

musalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd
ki bā way guftamē gar muškilē būd


کتبی

Borrowed from Arabic كُتُبِيّ (kutubiyy).


آبتنی

head

آبتنی • (âbtani)

fa-noun

آبتنی • (âbtani)

[ʔɑːb.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑːb.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑːb.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɔːb.t̪ʰä.ní]

[ʔɒːb.t̪ʰæ.níː]


ارکستر

head

ارکستر • (orkestr) (plural ارکسترها (orkestr-hâ))

orkestr (romanization)
ارکسترها (plural)

رهبر ارکستر


میخ

میخ • (mix, mêx) (plural میخها (mix-hâ, mêx-hâ))

mix (romanization)
mêx (romanization)
میخها (plural)

→ Bashkir: мыҡ (mıq)

→ Azerbaijani: mıx

→ Armenian: մեխ (mex)

→ Crimean Tatar: mıh

→ Hindi: मेख़ (mex)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میخ (mıh)
Turkish: mıh
→ Armenian: մըխ (məx)

→ Uyghur: مىخ (mix)

→ Urdu: میخ (mex)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (myh /mēx/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎹𐎢𐎧 (MYUX /mayūxa/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayū́kʰas (“peg, nail”), ultimately a borrowing from the the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Sanskrit मयूख (mayūkha, “peg”).


گرگ

head

گرگ • (gorg) (plural گرگها (gorg-hâ) or گرگان (gorgân))

gorg (romanization)
گرگها (plural)
گرگان (plural)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press
fa:گرگ

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gʿlg /gurg/, “wolf”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka-/), from Proto-Iranian *wŕ̥kah (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Sogdian [script needed] (wyrk- /wərk/), Baluchi گرک (gurk), Mazanderani ورگ (verg), Northern Kurdish gur, gurg, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”) (compare Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka)), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (compare English wolf).

inh

از کجا آموختی این ای بزرگ / گفت ای شاه جهان از حال گرگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3109:

Whence didst thou learn this, O eminent one?” “O King of the world,” he replied, “from the fate of the wolf.”

az kujâ âmôxti ên ay buzurg / guft ay šâh-i-jahân az hâl-i-gurg

اون بیرون پر گرگه!

(figurative) a social or sexual predator


رهبر

head

رهبر • (rahbar) (plural رهبران (rahbarân) or رهبرها (rahbar-hâ))

rahbar (romanization)
رهبران (plural)
رهبرها (plural)

→ Chagatai:

Uzbek: rahbar

Hindustani:

Hindi: रहबर (rahbar)

Urdu: رہبر

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: رهبر (rähbär)
Azerbaijani: rəhbər
Ottoman Turkish: رهبر (rehber), راهبر (rahber)
Turkish: rehber

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਹਬਰ (rāhbar)

Shahmukhi script: راہبر (rāhbar)


عینک

head

عِیْنَک • ('eynak) (plural عینکها ('eynak-hâ))

عِیْنَک (canonical)
'eynak (romanization)
عینکها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: eynək

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ऐनक (ainak)

Urdu: عَینَک ('ainak)

→ Kazakh: әйнек (äinek)

→ Punjabi: ਐਨਕ (ainak)

→ Turkmen: äýnek

→ Uyghur: ئەينەك (eynek)

→ Uzbek: oynak

From عین ('eyn, “eye”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).

af

عینک زدن

عینک آفتابی

عینک دودی


خال

Armenian: խալ (xal)

Azerbaijani: xal

Kazakh: қал (qal)

Georgian: ხალი (xali)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: خاڵ (xall)

Urdu: خال (xāl)

Ushojo: خال (xāl)

در بیان ناید جمال حال او
هر دو عالم چیست عکس خال او

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 191:

The beauty of His state cannot be set forth:
what are both the worlds (temporal and spiritual)? The reflexion of His mole.

dar bayān n-āyad jamāl-i hāl-i ō
har dū 'ālam čīst 'aks-i xāl-i ō


ساختمان

head

ساختمان • (sâxtmân) (plural ساختمانها (sâxtmân-hâ))

ساختمان • (sâxtemân) (plural ساختمانها (sâxtemân-hâ))

sâxtmân (romanization)
ساختمانها (plural)
sâxtemân (romanization)
ساختمانها (plural)

Fa-ساختمان.ogg


گره

From Proto-Iranian *graθH- (“to tie (a knot)”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grantH- (“to tie (a knot)”), and cognate with Sanskrit ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie (a knot)”), with further origin uncertain. The traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gre(n)tH- (“to tie”) (itself a hypothetical extension of Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist”)) would make the root cognate with Proto-Germanic *kradô (“wicker basket”), whence English cradle; however, this is not certain, as the Germanic word could very well be of substrate origin instead.


ویتامین

head

ویتامین • (vitâmin) (plural ویتامینها (vitâmin-hâ))

vitâmin (romanization)
ویتامینها (plural)


تریاک

تریاک • (teryâk)

fa-noun

تریاک • (teryâk)

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɔ́ːk]

[t̪ʰeɹ.jɒ́ːkʲ]

[t̪ʰæɹ.jɒ́ːkʲ]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɔ́k]

From Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).


حشیش

head

حشیش • (hašiš)

fa-noun

حشیش • (hašiš)


تقوا

head

تقوا • (taqvâ)

fa-noun

تقوا • (taqvâ)

[t̪ʰäq.wɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäq.wɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäq.wɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäq.wɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæʁ.vɒ́ː]


بنگ

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭭𐭢 (bng /bang/, “henbane”). Cognate with Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga, “hemp”).

inh

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

hashish, narcotic made from Cannabis sativa

Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger#Translingual

henbane, narcotic made from Hyoscyamus niger


فعل

head

فعل • (fe'l) (plural فعلها (fe'l-hâ) or افعال (af'âl))

fe'l (romanization)
فعلها (plural)
افعال (plural)


مارچوبه

مارچوبه • (mârčube)

fa-noun

مارچوبه • (mârčube)


مارک

head

مارک • (mârk)


بندگی

→ Bengali: বন্দেগী (bondegi)

→ Gujarati: બંદગી (bandgī)

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[bæn̪d̪e.ɡʲíː]


پرونده

پرونده • (parvande) (plural پروندهها (parvande-hâ))

parvande (romanization)
پروندهها (plural)

Composed of پروند (parwand) + ـه (-e, “noun making suffix”), the former part is from the present stem of Middle Persian [script needed] (plwstn, plwnd /parwastan, parwand/, “to enclose, to surround, to contain to comprise”). The contemporary meanings are a 1900s purist replacement for دوسیه (dosiye), still used to an extent (especially in Afghanistan).

inh

پرونده جرمی

پرونده کاغذی

پرونده نوایی


مینا

head

مینا • (minâ)

fa-noun

مینا • (minâ)

Borrowed from Arabic مِينَا (mīnā). Doublet of مینو (minu).


تاریکی

head

تاریکی • (târiki)

fa-noun

تاریکی • (târiki)

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɔː.ɾi.kʰí]

[t̪ʰɒː.ɹiː.kʰʲíː]

From تاریک + ـی.

چشمامو باز میبندم
 رو به این تاریکی
آره ایستادهم

2021, “من رفتم”, performed by Az Shanbe:

I once again close my eyes
 Facing this darkness
 Yes I've stood in place

česmâmo bâz mibandam
 ru be in târiki
 âre istâde-am


ناز

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܵܙܹܐ (nāzē)

→ Azerbaijani: naz

→ Chagatai: ناز

Uyghur: ناز (naz)

Uzbek: noz

→ Georgian: ნაზი (nazi)

→ Gujarati: નાજ (nāj), નાઝ (nājh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नाज़ (nāz)

Urdu: ناز (nāz)

→ Middle Armenian: նազ (naz)

→ Armenian: նազ (naz)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناز (naz)
Turkish: naz
→ Albanian: naz/naze
→ Greek: νάζι (názi)
→ Romanian: nazuri

→ Punjabi: ناز (nāz)

→ Pashto: ناز

→ Sindhi: ناز

→ Tatar: наз (naz)

→ Turkmen: näz

Borrowed from Parthian nʾz (nāz, “pleasure, delight”) or inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (nʾz- /nāz-/, “to take pleasure, to delight”, whence the verb نازیدن (nâzidan)), both from Proto-Iranian *nāz- (“to be coquettish”). No Indo-European etymology per Cheung 2007.

inh

whence the verb <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">نازیدن</i> (nâzidan)

تا سر نکنم در سرت ای مایهٔ ناز
کوته نکنم ز دامنت دست نیاز
هرچند که راهم به تو دورست و دراز
در راه بمیرم و نگردم ز تو باز

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 81”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

Till I thrust myself at your side, o essence of coyness,
I shall not withdraw the hand of supplication from your skirt;
Though my road to you is distant and long,
I shall die on the road, and not turn away from you again.

tā sar na-kunam dar sar-at ay māyi-yi nāz
kōtah na-kunam zi dāman-at dast-i niyāz
harčand ki rāh-am bi tu dūr ast u darāz
dar rāh bimīram u na-gardam zi tu bāz

vanity, pride; mincing air; feigned disdain; affective coyness; coquetry, flirtation

گل ناز
گل ناز#Persian

Short for گل ناز (gol-e nâz, “purslane”).


مرجان

head

مرجان • (marjân) (plural مرجانها (marjân-hâ))

[mäɾ.d͡ʒɑːn]

[mäɾ.d͡ʒɑːn]

[mäɾ.d͡ʒɑːn]

[mäɾ.d͡ʒɔːn]

[mæɹ.d͡ʒɒːn]


تک‌شاخ

تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

fa-noun

تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

تکشاخ (canonical)
tak-šâx (romanization)

[t̪ʰækˈʃɒːx]


شامپو

head

شامپو • (šâmpu)

fa-noun

شامپو • (šâmpu)

Borrowed from English shampoo, from Urdu چان٘پو (cā̃po) / Hindi चाँपो (cā̃po).


پائیز

head

پائیز • (pâ'iz)

fa-noun

پائیز • (pâ'iz)

پاییز پاییز#Persian


شاخه

→ Khalaj: şâxa

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókh₂eh₂ (“branch”). Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, twing, limb, finger”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Irish géc (“branch”). Compare شاخ (šâx).


احساس

head

احساس • (ehsâs) (plural احساسات (ehsâsât) or حساسها (ehsâs-hâ))

ehsâs (romanization)
احساسات (plural)
حساسها (plural)
احساسم (first-person possessive singular)
ehsâsam (first-person possessive singular)
احساسهایم (first-person possessive singular)
ehsâs-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
احساسهام، احساسام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ehsâsấm (first-person possessive singular)
احساست (possessive second-person singular)
ehsâsat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ehsâset (possessive second-person singular)
احساسهایت (possessive second-person singular)
ehsâs-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
احساسهات، احساسات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ehsâsất (possessive second-person singular)
احساسش (possessive singular third-person)
ehsâsaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ehsâseš (possessive singular third-person)
احساسهایش (possessive singular third-person)
ehsâs-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
احساسهاش، احساساش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ehsâsấš (possessive singular third-person)
احساسمان (first-person plural possessive)
ehsâsemân (first-person plural possessive)
احساسمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ehsâsemun (first-person plural possessive)
احساسهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ehsâs-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
احساسهامون، احساسامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ehsâsấmun (first-person plural possessive)
احساستان (plural possessive second-person)
ehsâsetân (plural possessive second-person)
احساستون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ehsâsetun (plural possessive second-person)
احساسهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ehsâs-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
احساسهاتون، احساساتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ehsâsấtun (plural possessive second-person)
احساسشان (plural possessive third-person)
ehsâsešân (plural possessive third-person)
احساسشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ehsâsešun (plural possessive third-person)
احساسهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ehsâs-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
احساسهاشون، احساساشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ehsâsấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[ʔe̞ɦ.sɑ́ːs]

[ʔe̞ɦ.sɑ́ːs]

عشق احساس قدرتمند و عجبیبی است.


واحه

واحه • (vâhe)

fa-noun

واحه • (vâhe)


سازمان

head

سازمان • (sâzmân, sâzemân) (plural سازمانها (sâzmân, sâzemân-hâ))

sâzmân (romanization)
sâzemân (romanization)
سازمانها (plural)

af

ساز (sâz) + ـمان (mân)

سازمان بهداشت جهانی

سازمان ملل متحد


روزی

→ Bengali: রুজি (ruji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रोज़ी (rozī)

Urdu: روزی (rozī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਜ਼ੀ (rozī)

Shahmukhi script: روزی (rozī)

From Middle Persian lwcyk' (rōzīg, “daily bread, sustenance”), from 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz [YWM], “day”). Compare Old Armenian ռոճիկ (ṙočik), Old Georgian როჭი (roč̣i), როჭიკი (roč̣iḳi), Classical Syriac ܪܘܙܝܩܐ (rōzīqā), ܪܙܩܐ (rezqā), Arabic رِزْق (rizq), all Iranian borrowings.


پاییز

head

پاییز • (pâyiz)

fa-noun

پاییز • (pâyiz)

→ Azerbaijani: payız

→ Khalaj: pâyîz

→ Udi: паиз (paiz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾtyc /pādēz/), from Old Persian *patidaiza, from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”) + *jimáh (“winter”), literally "towards winter". Compare Ossetian фӕззӕг (fæzzæg), Central Kurdish پایز (payz).


خرده

→ Azerbaijani: xırda

→ Gulf Arabic: خردة (ḵirda, ḵarda)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرده (hurde, hurda)

Turkish: hurda

→ Armenian: խուրդա (xurda)

→ Georgian: ხურდა (xurda)

→ Urdu: خردہ (xurda)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwltk' /xwurdag/, “something small, particle”), from [script needed] (hwlt' /xwurd/, “small, little”), thus equivalent to خرد (xord) + ـه (-e). Compare Old Armenian խորտակեմ (xortakem), an Iranian borrowing.


کتابچه

head

کتابچه • (ketâbče)

fa-noun

کتابچه • (ketâbče)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰi.t̪ʰɔːb.t͡ʃʰä]


کاشف

head

کاشف • (kâšef)

fa-noun

کاشف • (kâšef)

کاشف پنسيلين

ما کاشف معنی کلامیم
ما واصف صورت شمائیم
ما صدرنشین کوی عشقیم
ما صوفی صفهٔ صفائیم

c. 1430, Shāh Ni'matullāh, “Ghazal 1196”, in دیوان شاه نعمتالله:

We are the discoverers of the meaning of speech;
We are the eulogy of your appearance;
We are those sitting foremost at the alley of love;
We are the Sufis of the vestibule of purity.

mā kāšif-i ma'nā-yi kalām-ēm
mā wāsif-i sūrat-i šumā-ēm
mā sadrnišīn-i kōy-i išq-ēm
mā sufī-yi suffa-yi safā-ēm


باده

head

باده • (bâde)

fa-noun

باده • (bâde)

→ Gujarati: બાદા (bādā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: باده (bāda)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باده (bâde)

Turkish: bade

From Middle Persian bʾtk' (bādag, “wine, must”), from Old Persian, most likely from Akkadian 𒁀𒂅𒌑 (baṭû, “tray, platter; mixing container, bowl for liquids; wine jar, pitcher”), from earlier Akkadian 𒁀𒋾𒌝 (baṭium, “vessel, basin, place to hold; tray, platter”). Cognate to Arabic بَاطِيَة (bāṭiya, “a kind of earthen vessel for storing wine”), Persian بادیه (bâtiye), Classical Syriac ܒܳܛܺܝܬܴܐ (bāṭīṯā), Ancient Greek βατιάκη, βατιάκιον (batiákē, batiákion), Latin batiaca, batioca, batiola. Compare Arabic بَاذِق ("red wine"), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

βατιάκη, βατιάκιον

must (unfermented or partially fermented grape juice or wine)


چرتکه

head

چرتکه • (čortke) (plural چرتکهها (čortke-hâ))

From earlier چتکه (čotke), from Russian чётки (čótki). Abdoltajedini derives from Russian счёты (sčóty), which is semantically more related.


کشف

کشف • (kašf)

fa-noun

کشف • (kašf)


کشف

→ Gujarati: કશફ (kaśaph)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kšwk' /kašawag/, “tortoise”), from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah. Cognate with Sanskrit कच्छप (kacchapa).


می

→ Azerbaijani:

Arabic script: مئی

Cyrillic script: меј

Latin script: mey

→ Gujarati: મય (maya)

→ Gurani: مهی (may)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مەی (mey)

Northern Kurdish: mey

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مے (mai)

→ Ottoman Turkish: می (may)

Turkish: mey

→ Pashto: می (may)

→ Uzbek: may

From Middle Persian [script needed] (HS) / [script needed] (mdy /may/, “wine”), from Old Persian *𐎶𐎯 (*m-du /*madu/), from Proto-Iranian *mádu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, mead”).


می

Ultimately Borrowed from Latin mīra, either via French mi or English mi.

(music) E, Mi (the third note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Mi (the third note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the mediant)


هاله

→ Gujarati: હાલા (hālā)

Borrowed from Arabic هالة (hāla, “halo”), from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “halo”).

bor+

هاله ماه


خارجی

head

خارجی • (xâreji) (plural خارجیها (xâreji-hâ))

xâreji (romanization)
خارجیها (plural)
خارجی (singular)
xârejí (singular)
خارجیها (plural)
xâreji-hấ (plural)
خارجیا (colloquial plural)
xârejiấ (plural)
خارجی را (definite direct-object singular)
xârejí râ (definite direct-object singular)
خارجی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xârejí ro (definite direct-object singular)
خارجیها را (definite direct-object plural)
xâreji-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
خارجیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xârejiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خارجی (ezafe singular)
xârejí-ye (ezafe singular)
خارجیهای (ezafe plural)
xâreji-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خارجیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xârejiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خارجی (definite relative singular)
خارجی (indefinite singular stressed)
xârejí (definite relative singular)
xârejí (indefinite singular stressed)
خارجیهایی (definite plural relative)
خارجیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
xâreji-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xâreji-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خارجیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خارجیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xârejiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xârejiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خارجیام (first-person predicative singular)
xârejí-am (first-person predicative singular)
خارجیایم (first-person plural predicative)
xârejí-im (first-person plural predicative)
خارجیای (predicative second-person singular)
xârejí-i (predicative second-person singular)
خارجیاید (plural predicative second-person)
xârejí-id (plural predicative second-person)
خارجیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xârejí-in (plural predicative second-person)
خارجی است (predicative singular third-person)
xârejí ast (predicative singular third-person)
خارجیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xârejí-e (predicative singular third-person)
خارجیاند (plural predicative third-person)
xârejí-and (plural predicative third-person)
خارجیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xârejí-an (plural predicative third-person)

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

Borrowed from Arabic خَارِجِيّ (ḵārijiyy).


شاخ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókh₂eh₂ (“branch”). Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, twig, limb, finger”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Irish géc (“branch”).

cog

the arm, from the tip of the finger to the shoulder

a cup of wine (from a custom prevailing in Jurjistān, to drink wine out of horns), a goblet, a drinking-horn

a horn wherein they keep civet, a scent-box


ثبات

head

ثبات • (sabât)

fa-noun

ثبات • (sabât)

ثبات سیاسی

firmness, fixedness, fixity, stability, stableness


کمان

head

کَمان • (kamân) (plural کمانها (kamân-hâ))

کَمان (canonical)
kamân (romanization)
کمانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાન (kamān)

→ Middle Armenian: քաման (kʻaman)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمان (keman)
Turkish: keman
→ Albanian: qemane
→ Armenian: քեման (kʻeman)
→ Northern Kurdish: keman

→ Hindi: कमान (kamān)

→ Urdu: کمان (kamān)

[kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kmʾn' /kamān/), from Proto-Iranian *kamān (“arc, vault, bow”), related to Proto-Iranian *kamp- (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”). Compare Northern Luri کںمۆ (kəmø).

inh

به تیر و کمان و به گرز و کمند
بیفگند بر دشت نخچیر چند

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

With arrow and bow, with mace and lasso,
He cast down a few prey on the plain.

ba tīr u kamān u ba gurz u kamand
biyafgand bar dašt naxčīr čand


ثمر

آن سیاست ثمر داد.


ثابت

head

ثابت • (sâbet) (plural ثابتها (sâbet-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic ثَابِت (ṯābit), active participle of ثَبَتَ (ṯabata, “to be firm, to be fixed”).


خارج

خارج • (xârej)

fa-noun

خارج • (xârej)

[xɑː.ˈɾid͡ʒ]

[xɑː.ɾɪ́d͡ʒ]

[xɑː.ɾɪ́d͡ʒ]

[xɑː.ɾɪ́d͡ʒ]

[xɔː.ɾíd͡ʒ̥]

[xɒː.ɹéd͡ʒ̥]


گشنیز

head

گشنیز • (gešniz)

fa-noun

گشنیز • (gešniz)

Tajik: кашнич (kašnič)

→ Uzbek: кашнич (kashnich)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كشنچ (kişniç), كشنش (kişniş)

Azerbaijani: kişniş, keşniş

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كشنش (kişniş), كشنیش (kişniş)
Turkish: kişniş
→ Armenian: քիշնիշ (kʻišniš)
→ Bulgarian: кишни́ш (kišníš) (regional)
→ Karaim: кишниш, кишнош

→ Uyghur: كەشنىز (keshniz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gšnyc /gišnīz/, “coriander”). Cognate with Central Kurdish گژنیژ (gijnîj), Baluchi [script needed] (gēnīč). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian գինձ (ginj), Old Georgian ქინძი (kinʒi), Mandarin 胡荽 (húsuī).

inh

کشنیج

considered forms influenced by Ottoman Turkish


ترخون

Middle Armenian: թարխուն (tʻarxun)

Borrowed from Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn), from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “edder-wort”). Or from another Iranian language and derived from the cognate to Persian تلخ (talx, “bitter”), compare Dari ترخ, طرخ (tarx, terx), ترخه, طرخه (tarxa, terxa, “any Artemisia”), Pashto ترخه f (tarxa, terxa, “any Artemisia”), homonymic to the feminine of تریخ (trix, “bitter”).


خبر

head

خَبَر • (xabar) (plural خبرها (xabar-hâ) or اخبار (axbâr))

خَبَر (canonical)
xabar (romanization)
خبرها (plural)
اخبار (plural)

Tajik: хабар (xabar)

→ Assamese: খবৰ (khobor)

→ Bengali: খবর (khobor)

→ Gujarati: ખબર (khabar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़बर (xabar)

Urdu: خَبَر (xabar)

→ English: kubber

→ Marathi: खबर (khabar)

→ Nepali: खबर (khabar)

→ Northern Luri: خٱڤٱر (xavar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਬਰ (xabar)

Shahmukhi script: خَبَر (xabar)

→ Telugu: కబురు (kaburu)

چِه خَبَر؟


بر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wl /war/, “breast”).


بر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bl /bar/, “fruit, produce, profit”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)


ارمنی

head

ارمنی • (armani) (plural ارمنیان (armaniyân) or ارمنیها (armani-hâ) or ارامنه (arâmene))

armani (romanization)
ارمنیان (plural)
ارمنیها (plural)
ارامنه (plural)

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔæɹ.mæ.níː]


فلافل

Borrowed from Arabic فَلَافِل (falāfil), ultimately from Early Classical Persian پلپل (pilpil).


بانداژ

بانداژ • (bândâž) (plural بانداژها (bândâž-hâ))

[bɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ːʒ]


عبا

عبا • ('abâ)

fa-noun

عبا • ('abâ)

der

Arabic عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa)


صوفی

Borrowed from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “Sufi”)

bor+

گفت نه از صوفیان افزون مجو
نیم دینارت دهم دیگر مگو

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 397:

“Nay,” he replied; “don't ask too much from Súfís:
I will give you half a dinar. Say no more.”

guft na az sūfīyan afzūn ma-jō
nīm-i dīnar-at diham dīgar ma-gō


قند

→ Gulf Arabic: قند (qand)

Borrowed from Arabic قَنْد (qand), displacing older کند (kand) or کاند (kând).


لشکر

head

لشکر • (laškar) (plural لشکرها (laškar-hâ))

laškar (romanization)
لشکرها (plural)
لشکر (singular)
laškar (singular)
لشکرها (plural)
laškar-hấ (plural)
لشکرا (colloquial plural)
laškarấ (plural)
لشکر را (definite direct-object singular)
laškar râ (definite direct-object singular)
لشکر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
laškaro (definite direct-object singular)
لشکرها را (definite direct-object plural)
laškar-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
لشکرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
laškarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
لشکر (ezafe singular)
laškar-e (ezafe singular)
لشکرهای (ezafe plural)
laškar-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
لشکرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
laškarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
لشکری (definite relative singular)
لشکری (indefinite singular stressed)
laškar-i (definite relative singular)
laškar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
لشکرهایی (definite plural relative)
لشکرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
laškarấn-i, laškar-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
laškarấn-i, laškar-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
لشکرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
لشکرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
laškarấi (definite plural relative)
laškarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
لشکرم (first-person possessive singular)
laškaram (first-person possessive singular)
لشکرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
laškar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
لشکرهام، لشکرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
laškarấm (first-person possessive singular)
لشکرت (possessive second-person singular)
laškarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
laškaret (possessive second-person singular)
لشکرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
laškar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
لشکرهات، لشکرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
laškarất (possessive second-person singular)
لشکرش (possessive singular third-person)
laškaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
laškareš (possessive singular third-person)
لشکرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
laškar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
لشکرهاش، لشکراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
laškarấš (possessive singular third-person)
لشکرمان (first-person plural possessive)
laškaremân (first-person plural possessive)
لشکرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
laškaremun (first-person plural possessive)
لشکرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
laškar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
لشکرهامون، لشکرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
laškarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
لشکرتان (plural possessive second-person)
laškaretân (plural possessive second-person)
لشکرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
laškaretun (plural possessive second-person)
لشکرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
laškar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
لشکرهاتون، لشکراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
laškarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
لشکرشان (plural possessive third-person)
laškarešân (plural possessive third-person)
لشکرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
laškarešun (plural possessive third-person)
لشکرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
laškar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
لشکرهاشون، لشکراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
laškarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: লস্কর (loskor)

→ French: lascar

→ Gujarati: લશ્કર (laśkar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लश्कर (laśkar)

Urdu: لَشْکَر (laśkar)

Sylheti: ꠟꠡ꠆ꠇꠞ (lośxor)

→ Indonesian: laskar

desc

→ Middle Armenian: լաշքար (laškʻar), լաշքեար (laškʻear)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لشكر (leşker)

Turkish: leşker

→ Marwari: लसकर (laskar)

→ Zazaki: lezkar

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-
Proto-Indo-European *-seti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati
Proto-Iranian *karah
Middle Persian lškl
Persian لشکرInherited from Middle Persian lškl, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati + Proto-Iranian *karah. Compare Sanskrit रक्षति (rakṣati).

etymon

لشکر از تخت استانبول سوی ایران تاختم
سرخسر را غرقهٔ خون ملامت ساختم

c. 1518, Selīm I, Dīvān of Sultan Selīm I:

From Istanbul’s throne towards Iran, I made an army gallop out;
I made the Qizilbash drown in the blood of reproach.

laškar az taxt-i istânbûl sôy-i êrân tâxtam
surxsar râ ğarqa-yi xûn-i malâmat sâxtam


مهمانی

head

مهمانی • (mehmâni) (plural مهمانیها (mehmâni-hâ))

mehmâni (romanization)
مهمانیها (plural)

→ Urdu: مہمانی (mehmānī)


کاتولیک

کاتولیک • (kâtolik) (plural کاتولیکها (kâtolik-hâ))

kâtolik (romanization)
کاتولیکها (plural)

[kʰɒːt̪olíːkʲ]


بن

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.


بن

From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /wan/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”). Cognate with Pashto ونه (“tree”) and Sanskrit वन (vana, “forest, grove, thicket”).


کارتن

head

کارتن • (kârton)

fa-noun

کارتن • (kârton)


سیمان

head

سیمان • (simân)

fa-noun

سیمان • (simân)


مسیحیت

Borrowed from Arabic مَسِيحِيَّة (masīḥiyya). By surface analysis, مسیحی (masihi, “Christian”) + ـیت (-iyyat, “-ity”).


مسیحی

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مسیحی • (masihi) (plural مسیحیان (masihiân) or مسیحیها (masihi-hâ))

masihi (romanization)
مسیحیان (plural)
مسیحیها (plural)


که

Metrical variant, used to fit the poetic meter.


که

From Middle Persian [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ks /keh/).

inh

(archaic) commoner, insignificant person


پری

head

پری • (pari) (plural پریان (pariyān) or پریها (pari-hâ))

pari (romanization)
پریان (plural)
پریها (plural)

Azerbaijani: pəri

→ Bengali: পরী (pori)

Chagatai: پری

Uyghur: پەرى (peri)

Uzbek: pari

→ Gujarati: પરી (parī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परी (parī)

Urdu: پری (parī)

Kazakh: пері (perı)

Northern Kurdish: perî

Southern Kurdish: پەری (perî)

Kyrgyz: пери (peri)

Malay: peri

Indonesian: peri (“fairy”)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پری (peri)
Turkish: peri
→ Albanian: perri
→ Armenian: փերի (pʻeri)
→ Crimean Tatar: peri
→ English: peri
→ French: péri
→ Georgian: ფერია (peria)
→ Russian: пе́ри (péri)

Pashto: پري (pari)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੀ (parī)

Shahmukhi script: پری (parī)

Sindhi: پري (parī)

Tajik: парӣ (pari)

Tatar: пәри (päri)

Turkmen: peri

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plyk' /parīg/, “witch”), ultimately from Old Persian *parikā. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian pryg (pryg), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “sorceress, witch”), Sogdian [script needed] (pṛʿyk-, “female demoness”) and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), an Iranian borrowing. Connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), and from Indo-European root *pelē- ‘to fill,’ Latin plēnus ‘full.’ Middle Persian parīg, Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), Latin parcae (“fates”), Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás, “youth, maiden”), Sanskrit पारक्य (pārakya, “strange, alien”). Pokorny derives this from Proto-Indo-European *parīkā (“concubine”).

cog

دیوسان دیوسان#Persian

(Iranian mythology) sprite or supernatural being in Iranian/Persian mythology opposed to دیوسان (daemon) and دیو (daeva); peri.

(mythology) witch (parika in Avestan mythology)


پری

From پر (por, “full”) + ی (-i, “-ness”).