سوگند

head

سوگند • (sowgand) (plural سوگندها (sowgand-hâ))

sowgand (romanization)
سوگندها (plural)
سوگند (singular)
sowgand (singular)
سوگندها (plural)
sowgand-hấ (plural)
سوگندا (colloquial plural)
sowgandấ (plural)
سوگند را (definite direct-object singular)
sowgand râ (definite direct-object singular)
سوگند رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sowgando (definite direct-object singular)
سوگندها را (definite direct-object plural)
sowgand-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سوگندا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sowgandấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سوگند (ezafe singular)
sowgand-e (ezafe singular)
سوگندهای (ezafe plural)
sowgand-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sowgandấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندی (definite relative singular)
سوگندی (indefinite singular stressed)
sowgand-i (definite relative singular)
sowgand-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سوگندهایی (definite plural relative)
سوگندهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سوگندایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấi (definite plural relative)
sowgandấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgandam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهایم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgand-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهام، سوگندام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
sowgandấm (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgandat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandet (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهایت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgand-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهات، سوگندات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandất (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgandaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandeš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهایش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgand-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهاش، سوگنداش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandấš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgand-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهامون، سوگندامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgand-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهاتون، سوگنداتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešun (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgand-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهاشون، سوگنداشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوگند (sevgend)

→ Azerbaijani: sövgənd

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: सौगंद (saugand), सौगन्द (saugand), सौगंध (saugandh), सौगन्ध (saugandh)

Urdu: سوگند (saugand), سوگندھ (saugandh)

From Middle Persian swknd (sōgand, “oath”), from Avestan [Term?] (/saokanta/, “sulphur”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”). Related to سوختن (sōxtan, “to burn”), and سوگ (sōg, “sadness, mourning”).
Originally سوگند (sowgand) was a sulphur-filled drink given to defendants to determine the truth based on their body reaction to Sulphur.


ناشتا

head

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

fa-noun

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

nâštâ (romanization)
nâšetâ (romanization)

From original ناشتایی (nâštâ'i, nâštâyi), related to etymology above.

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


سپهر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spyhl), [script needed] (spyyhl), 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫡 (ʿspyr /spihr/, “sphere, sky”), from Old Persian *spiθrah.


سپهر

Phono-semantic matching of French sphère and/or English sphere, from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra), which is not originally related to etymology 1 above.

psm

(physics, in compounds) sphere (as in stratosphere)


رستم

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/rōdstahm/), from Middle Persian lwd (/rōd/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/stahm/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.
Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

der

whence modern <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رود</i> (rud)


آب‌گوشت

head

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

fa-noun

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

آبگوشت (canonical)
âb-gušt (romanization)

→ Armenian: աբգուշթ (abguštʻ)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɡoːʃt]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɔːb.ɡʊ́ːʃt̪]

[ʔɒːb.ɡúːʃt̪]

[ʔɔb.ɡɵ́ʃt̪]

Compound of آب (âb, “water; broth”) + گوشت (gušt, “meat”).


بانده

head

بانده • (bânde)

fa-noun

بانده • (bânde)


اینه

(dialectal, Shiraz, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) mirror


اوسار

head

اوسار • (owsâr)

fa-noun

اوسار • (owsâr)

(dialectal, Shiraz: some people, Eqlid, Abadeh, Dashtestan) halter (for animals)


ابرش

head

ابرش • (abraš)

fa-noun

ابرش • (abraš)


اسپست

espest (romanization)
aspest (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾspst' /aspast/), from Middle Median *aspast, from Old Median *aspāstiš, from Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa, lucerne”, literally “fodder for horses”).


چرمه

head

چرمه • (čarme)

fa-noun

چرمه • (čarme)

Compare with Central Kurdish چەرمگ (çermig, “white”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճերմակ (čermak, “white (of a horse)”), Georgian ჭარმაკი (č̣armaḳi), ჭარმაგი (č̣armagi), ჭარმაღი (č̣armaɣi).


اسپریس

head

اسپریس • (asprês, esparês) (plural اسپریسها (asprês, esparês-hâ))

asprês (romanization)
esparês (romanization)
اسپریسها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾsplys (a/əsp(a)rēs).


خنگ

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hangistaz, and thereby with German Hengst.


کهر

→ Azerbaijani: kəhər

→ Urdu: کہر (kahar)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kádruš (“brown, tan”), likely from the BMAC substrate.
Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (kadruua.aspa, “with brown horses”) (whence unattested Avestan *𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎 (*kadru, “brown”)), and cognate with Sanskrit कद्रु (kadru, “brown, reddish-brown”).

cog

𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀


ترسا

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ترسا • (tarsâ) (plural ترسایان (tarsâyân) or ترساها (tarsâ-hâ))

tarsâ (romanization)
ترسایان (plural)
ترساها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: tərsa

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترسا (tersâ)

→ Uzbek: tarso

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæɹ.sɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tlsʾk' /tarsāg/, “Christian”, literally “(God) fearer”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (tls- /tars-/, “to fear, be afraid”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (-k' /-ag/). By surface analysis, ترس (tars, present stem of ترسیدن (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)) + ـا (-â, suffix forming adjectives and nouns). Sogdian ܬܪܣܐܩ (trsʾq /tarsāk/) is a Western Iranian borrowing.

surf

ترس
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ترسیدن</i> (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)>

ـا
<pos:suffix forming adjectives and nouns>

10th AD, Ferdowsi
چو بر جامهٔ ما چلیپا بوَد
نشست اندر آیین ترسا بوَد

13th AD, Rumi
گهی از زلف خود داده به مؤمن نقش حبلالله
ز پیچ جعد خود داده به ترسایان چلیپایی


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

دفعه دفعه#Persian

(in compounds) Synonym of دفعه (daf'e, “time”)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)

بارو بارو#Persian

(archaic) Alternative form of بارو (bâru, “rampart”)


کرند

desctree

→ Georgian: ქურანი (kurani), ქურანა (kurana) (or from Turkic)
→ Bats: ქურაჼ (kurã)
→ Mingrelian: ქურანი (kurani)

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [script needed] (küreŋ, kürin, küren, “brown”), whence Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”). Akin to Wakhi kəráng, Pashto کرنگ (kuráng), Khowar [script needed] (kurang), Azerbaijani kürən, Ottoman Turkish كران (küran), Bashkir көрән (körən), Tatar көрән (körän), Kyrgyz күрөң (küröŋ), Uyghur كۈرەڭ (küreng), Tuvan хүрең (xüreñ), among others, all ultimately of the same Mongolic origin.


سرداب

head

سرداب • (sardâb) (plural سردابها (sardâb-hâ))

→ Arabic: سِرْدَاب (sirdāb)

→ Georgian: სარდაფი (sardapi)

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːb̥]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːb̥]

Short form of سردابه (sardâbe), from سرد (sard, “cold”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e). Compare گرمابه (garmâbe, “bathhouse”).

af

بر دیوار شرقی چون به گوشه رسد که جنوبی است و قبله بر ضلع جنوبی است و پیش دیوار شمالی مسجدی است سرداب که به درجههای بسیار فرو باید شدن و آن بیست گز در پانزده باشد و سقف سنگین بر ستونهای رخام.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

On the eastern wall, when one reaches the corner to the south, the qibla is to the southern side, and one is before the northern wall of the mosque, there is a crypt which one must go down by many steps. It is twenty ells by fifteen, and the ceiling of stone is on marble pillars.

bar dēwār-i šarqī čōn ba gōša rasad ki junūbī ast u qibla bar zil'-i junūbī ast u pēš-i dēwār-i šumālī-yi masjidē ast sardāb ki ba daraja-hā-yi bisyār furō bāyad šudan u ān bēst gaz dar pānzdah bāšad u saqf-i sangēn bar sutūn-hā-yi ruxām.


مچد

head

مچد • (maččed)

fa-noun

مچد • (maččed)


دخدر

(dialectal, Hamadan) girl, gal, lass, maid


انگشد

head

انگشد • (angošd)

fa-noun

انگشد • (angošd)


پشد

head

پشد • (pošd)

fa-noun

پشد • (pošd)


پی

(mathematics) Pi, An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.1415926535897932384626433832795; usually written π.


پی

(architecture) A foundation; the lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


چرخ‌ریسک

head

چرخریسک • (čarx-risak) (plural چرخریسکها (čarx-risak-hâ))

چرخریسک (canonical)
čarx-risak (romanization)
چرخریسکها (plural)

From چرخ (čarx) + ریس (ris-) + ـک (-ak).


خسرو

خسرو • (xosrow) (plural خسروان (xosrovân) or خسروها (xosrow-hâ))

xosrow (romanization)
خسروان (plural)
خسروها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā), كَسْرَى (kasrā)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Iranian Persian: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Xosrov

→ English: Khosrow

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुसरो (xusro)

Urdu: خُسْرَو (xusrau)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸਰੋ (xusro)

Shahmukhi script: خُسْرو (xusro)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خسرو (Hosrev)

Turkish: Hüsrev

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩 (hwslwdy /Husrōy/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwslwb' /Husrav/), from Old Median *Husrava, from Proto-Iranian *Hhucráwah (“renowned, famous”).

der

گرگ و روبه را طمع بود اندر آن / که رود قسمت به عدل خسروان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3026:

The wolf and fox hoped that a division (of the prey) would be made according to the justice of emperors.

gurg u rôbah râ tama' bud andar ân / ki rawad qismat ba 'adl-i-xusrawân


ویس

From Old Persian 𐎻𐎰 (viθ-, “house(hold), clan, royal court”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-.


ویس

contempt, exclamation of pity, or approbation


سپاهی

head

سپاهی • (sipāhī／sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)

sipāhī／sepâhi (romanization)
سپاهیان (plural)

desc

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)

Urdu: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

→ Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)

→ Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)

Shahmukhi script: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

From سپاه (sipāh／sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī／-i, noun forming suffix).


چامه

head

چامه • (čâme)

fa-noun

چامه • (čâme)


سلط

(dialectal, Khvorasgan in Isfahan Province) bucket


آیینه

head

آیینه • (âyine)

fa-noun

آیینه • (âyine)

→ Assamese: আইনা (aina)

→ Bengali: আয়না (aẏna)

→ Atong (India): aina

→ Garo: aina

→ Nepali: ऐना (ainā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਈਨਾ (āīnā)

Shahmukhi script: آیینہ (āīnā)

→ Rohingya: aina

Derived from Middle Persian ʾdwynk' (ēwēnag, “mirror”), from Old Iranian *ādainakah, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to look, see”).
Related to دیدن (didan, “to see, look”), Baluchi آدینک (adí̃k), Lurish ۏیینںە (öyinə), Ossetian айдӕн (ajdæn, “mirror”).


شاه‌مات

head

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

fa-noun

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

شاهمات (canonical)
šâh-mât (romanization)

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.mɒːt̪]

Literally, “the king is amazed”, from شاه (šâh, “king”) + مات (mât, “stunned, amazed”). When the term passed into Arabic before being borrowed into Romance languages, the second element was interpreted as مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). The Tajik usage of шоҳмот (šohmot) to mean "chess" is a phono-semantic matching of Russian шахматы (šaxmaty).


پخچه

head

پخچه • (paxče)

fa-noun

پخچه • (paxče)


هیلو

(dialectal, Kazerun) swing (hanging seat)


اشتو

head

اشتو • (oštow)

fa-noun

اشتو • (oštow)


شکال

head

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

fa-noun

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

šekâl (romanization)
šokâl (romanization)


فیت

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) fist

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) punch

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) handful


کازو

head

کازو • (kâzu)

fa-noun

کازو • (kâzu)


خنج

Cognate with خلنج (xelenj, “pinch”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kleng-, *klenk- (“to bend; twist”)

(dialectal, Kazerun) scratch (act of scratching)


شملی

head

شملی • (šamli)

fa-noun

شملی • (šamli)


اسلیمی

head

اسلیمی • (eslimi, eslêmi) (plural اسلیمیها (eslimi-hâ))

eslimi (romanization)
eslêmi (romanization)
اسلیمیها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: İslimi

From اسلامی (eslâmi, “Islamic”). Compare مزیح (mezih) (from مزاح (mezâh)) and سلیح (selih) (from سلاح (selâh)).


خارگیل

خارگیل • (xârgil) (plural خارگیلها (xârgil-hâ))

[xɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

Blend of خار (xār／xâr) + نارگیل (nārgēl／nârgil).


دوریان

Borrowed from English durian, from Malay durian.


کارآگاه

head

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

fa-noun

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

From کار + آگاه.

(law enforcement) detective, a police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.


بم

Borrowed from English bomb, possibly via Urdu بَمْ (bam).


کیمیاگر

head

کیمیاگر • (kimiyâgar) (plural کیمیاگران (kimiyâgarân))

kimiyâgar (romanization)
کیمیاگران (plural)

From کیمیا + گر.


دیکتاتور

دیکتاتور • (diktâtor) (plural دیکتاتورها (diktâtor-hâ))

diktâtor (romanization)
دیکتاتورها (plural)

[d̪iːkʲ.t̪ʰɒː.t̪ʰóɹ]


الکترونیک

fa:الکترونیک


آب زندگانی

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

1325-1390, Hafez
هوایِ منزلِ یار آبِ زندگانیِ ماست / صبا بیار نسیمی ز خاکِ شیرازم

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

lit. water of life; Ab-i Hayat, elixir of life


شافتک

شافتک • (šâftak)

fa-noun

شافتک • (šâftak)

(dialectal, Shiraz, now rare) whistle (act of whistling)


اشکم

head

اشکم • (eškam)

fa-noun

اشکم • (eškam)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Alternative form of شکم (“belly, abdomen, stomach”)


توه

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) frying pan


شاهنشاه

head

شاهَنْشاه • (šâhanšâh) (plural شاهنشاهان (šâhanšâhân) or شاهنشاهها (šâhanšâh-hâ))

شاهَنْشاه (canonical)
šâhanšâh (romanization)
شاهنشاهان (plural)
شاهنشاهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: شَهَنْشَاه

→ Azerbaijani: şahənşah

→ English: shahanshah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहंशाह (śahañśāh)

desc

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

→ Middle Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهنشاه (şâhenşâh), شاهنشه (şâhenşeh), شهنشاه (şehenşâh), شهنشه (şehenşeh)

Turkish: şehinşah

→ Romanian: șahinșah

→ Polish: szachinszach

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ (śahinśāh)

Shahmukhi script: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɒː.ɦæn.ʃɒːʱ]

[ʃɔ.ɦän.ʃɔʱ]

From earlier شَاهَانشَاه (šāhān-šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān šāh, “king of kings”).


سردی

→ Gujarati: શરદી (śardī)

→ Hindi: सर्दी (sardī)

→ Bengali: সর্দি (śordi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سردی (serdi)

→ Urdu: سردی (sardī)

→? Georgian: სურდო (surdo)

→ Armenian: սուրդո (surdo) (Tbilisi)

→ Bats: სურდუ (surdu)

→ Mingrelian: სურდუ (surdu)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (sltyh /sardīh/), from [script needed] (slt' /sard/) + [script needed] (-yh /-īh/).


ره

Regular metrical contraction used for poetry when the meter demands a short vowel, and also in some dialects.

(poetic or dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of راه (râh, “road”)


ره

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of رای (rây, “sense, intellect, judgment”)


نیاکان

head

نیاکان • (niyâkân)


بوستان

بوستان • (bôstân) (plural بوستانها (bôstân-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: بُسْتَان (bustān)
→ Shehri: məstún
→ Swahili: bustani

→ Azerbaijani: bostan

→ Georgian: ბოსტანი (bosṭani)

→ Gujarati: બોસ્તાન (bostān)

→ Hebrew: בֻּסְתָּן (bustān)

→ Malay: bustan

Indonesian: bustan

→ Middle Armenian: պօստան (pōstan)

Armenian: բոստան (bostan)

→ Northern Kurdish: bostan

→ Ottoman Turkish: بوستان (bostân), بوصتان (bostan), պօսթան (bostan) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: bostan
→ Albanian: bostan
→ Aromanian: bustane
→ Bulgarian: боста́н (bostán)
→ Byzantine Greek: μποστάνι (mpostáni)
Greek: μποστάνι (bostáni)
→ Crimean Tatar: bostan
→ Ladino: bostan, bustan
→ Macedonian: бостан (bostan)
→ Romanian: bostan, bostană
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо̀стан
Latin script: bòstan

→ Russian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Ukrainian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Chagatai: بوستان

Uyghur: بوستان (bostan)

Uzbek: boʻston

[bʊːs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwdstʾn'), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwystʾn), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwyystʾn /bōyestān/, “(flower) garden”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwdystʾn /bōδestān/), Sogdian [script needed] (βōδistān, “garden”) and Iranian borrowings Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā), Classical Syriac ܒܘܣܬܢܐ (būstānā), Old Armenian բուրաստան (burastan).

cog

בּוּסְתְּנָא

Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā)


خوره

From خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)) + ـه (-e).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat”)

(idiomatic) obsession, fascination (for something, e.g. a hobby)

حکومت حجاج بر عراق بیست سال طول کشید. و آخرین کسی را که بکشت سعید بن جبیر بود. در آخر کار به خورهی شکم مبتلا شد.

Al-Hajjāj's government over Iraq lasted for twenty years, and the last person he killed was Sa'īd ibn Jabīr. In the end, he was afflicted with stomach cancer.

hukūmat-i hajjāj bar irāq bīst sāl tūl kašīd. u āxarīn kasē rā ki bikušt sa'īd bin-i jabīr būd. dar āxar-i kār ba xwara-yi šikam mubtalā šud.

(obsolete) Any serious disease considered to "eat away" at the patient, not just leprosy.


خوره

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwarrah, “divine glory, splendour”), a borrowing from Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (xᵛar^ənah). Doublet of فر (farr), which was inherited.

inh

Khvarenah; synonym of فر (farr, “royal glory”).

One of five administrative divisions of Sasanian Iran.


آذرآبادگان

head

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa-noun

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa:آذرآبادگان

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ʔɔ.bɔ.d̪ä.ɡɔ́n]


دوا

head

دوا • (dawā)

fa-noun

دوا • (dawā)


نواختر

head

نواختر • (now-axtar) (plural نواخترها (now-axtar-hâ))

now-axtar (romanization)
نواخترها (plural)

[näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

From نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).


اخترمار

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔæx.t̪ʰæɹ.mɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarmār), 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarāmār).


ستاره‌شناس

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

fa-noun

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

ستارهشناس (canonical)
setâre-šenâs (romanization)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

From ستاره (setâre, “star”) + شناس (šenâs).


ابرنواختر

head

ابرنواختر • (abar-now-axtar) (plural ابرنواخترها (abar-now-axtar-hâ))

abar-now-axtar (romanization)
ابرنواخترها (plural)

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From ابر (abar, “super”) + نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).

compound

fa:ابرنواختر


شوالیه

head

شوالیه • (šovâliye)

fa-noun

شوالیه • (šovâliye)


یگ

(dialectal, Mashhad) Alternative form of یک (yek), one


نول

From Middle Persian *nōl, found borrowed in Aramaic נַוְולָא / ܢܰܘܠܴܐ (nawlā) (meaning in Judaeo-Aramaic “loom” and Classical Syriac “beam”). Ultimately via the expansion of the drawloom westwards in Roman times from Proto-Dravidian *nūl (“thread”).

cog

Aramaic נַוְולָא

the outer part of the mouth; a beak, bill

anything on which one leans or is supported


شکمبه

head

شکمبه • (šekambe) (plural شکمبهها (šekambe-hâ))

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: شكمبه (şikembe), شكنبه (şikenbe), اشكمبه (işkembe), اشكنبه (işkenbe), شكمب, شكنب
Turkish: işkembe
→ Albanian: shkembë
→ Aromanian: schimbeu, schimbiu, șchembe
→ Bulgarian: шкембе́ (škembé), чкембе́ (čkembé)
→ Greek: σκεμπές (skempés)
→ Macedonian: шкембе (škembe), чкембе (čkembe)
→ Romanian: schimbea, schembea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шкѐмбе, škѐmba
Latin script: škèmbe, škèmba

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭱𐭪𐭬𐭡𐭪 (ʾškmbk /aškombak/). By surface analysis, شکنب (šekanb, “stomach”) + ـه (-e, “noun-forming suffix”).


آرشیو

head

آرشیو • (âršiv) (plural آرشیوها (âršiv-hâ))


رو

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


تفور

Akin to Old Armenian թափուր (tʻapʻur), an Iranian borrowing.


سورنای

head

سورنای • (surnây)

سرنا سرنا#Persian


آسیو

(dialectal, Shiraz: some people, Dashtestan) mill


بون

(dialectal, Shiraz, Kazerun, Eqlid) alternative form of بان (bân, “roof”)


بلگ

(dialectal, Eqlid, Alamarvdasht, Dashtestan, Sadabad) leaf


بارو

بارو • (bâru)

fa-noun

بارو • (bâru)

از اندرون شهر در بسیار جای نردبانهای سنگین بسته است که بر سر بارو توان شدن.

From the inside of the city, stone ladders are attached to many a place so that one can go on top of the ramparts.

az andarūn-i šahr dar bisyār jāyē nardubān-hā-yi sangēn basta ast ki bar sar-i bārū tawān šudan.


دیفال

head

دیفال • (difâl)

fa-noun

دیفال • (difâl)


مغرب‌زمین

مغربزمین (canonical)
mağreb-zamin (romanization)


ارمنی‌ها

ارمنیها (canonical)
armani-hâ (romanization)

ارمنی ارمنی#Persian


خوشنویس

head

خوشنویس • (xošnevis) (plural خوشنویسان (xošnevisân) or خوشنویسها (xošnevis-hâ))

xošnevis (romanization)
خوشنویسان (plural)
خوشنویسها (plural)


ارغنون

ارغنون • (arğanun) (plural ارغنونها (arğanun-hâ))

arğanun (romanization)
ارغنونها (plural)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.nún]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.nún]

1207-1273, Rumi, Masnawī-i Ma'nawī
پس عدم گردم عدم چو ارغنون
گویدم کانا الیه راجعون
pas adam gardam, adam ču arğanūn
gōyadam k'"innā ilayhi rāji'ūn"


افغانی

افغانی • (afğâni) (plural افغانیها (afğâni-hâ))

afghani (unit of currency in Afghanistan)

افغان افغان#Persian

(Iran, potentially derogatory) Synonym of افغان (afğân, “Afghan; someone from Afghanistan”).

افغان

پشتو پشتو#Persian

(archaic) Synonym of پشتو (paštu, “Pashto language”).


خوشنویسی

خوشنویسی • (xošnevisi)

fa-noun

خوشنویسی • (xošnevisi)

من تصمیم گرفتم یک کلاس خوشنویسی بگذرانم تا خطاطی یاد بگیرم.

I decided to take (lit. spend time at) a calligraphy class in order to learn penmanship.

Man tasmim gereftam yek kelâs-e xošnevisi begozarânam tâ xattâti yâd begiram.


ارگ

From Middle Persian [script needed] (arg), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk-. Cognates include Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō), Latin arx (“citadel”).

citadel (strong fortress that sits high above a city)


کنده

From Middle Persian [Term?]. Akin to Old Armenian քանդակ (kʻandak), an Iranian borrowing.


کنده

→ Azerbaijani: kündə

the stocks for offenders, a kind of clog or wooden fetters for captives


خوشنویسان

head

خوشنویسان • (xošnevisân)

خوشنویس خوشنویس#Persian


خوشنویس‌ها

خوشنویسها • (xošnevis-hâ)

خوشنویسها (canonical)
xošnevis-hâ (romanization)

خوشنویس خوشنویس#Persian


مرخ

→ Middle Armenian: մարխ (marx)

عفار عفار#Persian

the lower one of the two pieces of wood from which fire is struck by rubbing, the upper being called عفار ('afâr), and both taking their names from the tree from which they are respectively cut


ماهور

ماهور • (mâhur) (plural ماهورها (mâhurhâ))

Dastgāh-e Māhur, one of the seven dastgahs


ترسایی

ترسایی • (tarsâyi)

fa-noun

ترسایی • (tarsâyi)

/tæɾsɒːˈjiː/

From ترسا + ـی.


دوما

head

دوما • (dumâ)

fa-noun

دوما • (dumâ)

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) bridegroom

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) son-in-law


نخون

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) nail, fingernail


مقرنس

head

مقرنس • (moqarnas) (plural مقرنسها (moqarnas-hâ))

moqarnas (romanization)
مقرنسها (plural)


بادگیر

بادگیر • (bâdgir) (plural بادگیرها (bâdgir-hâ))

From باد (bâd, “wind”) + گیر (gir, “catcher”).


چندضلعی

head

چندضلعی • (čandzel'i) (plural چندضلعیها (čandzel'i-hâ))

čandzel'i (romanization)
چندضلعیها (plural)


کاریز

کاریز • (kârêz) (plural کاریزها (kârêz-hâ))

Arabic: كاريز (kārīz) (Iraq, west Arabia)

Azerbaijani: kəhriz

Baluchi: کاریز (kárez)

desc

Kazakh: кәріз (kärız), кяхриз (käxriz), кягриз (kägriz)

Ottoman Turkish: کاریز (kâriz); گریز (giriz) (see there for further descendants)

Russian: кяриз (kjariz)

Uyghur: كارىز (kariz)

From earlier form کاهریز (/kāhrēz/) or کهریز (/kahrēz/), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ksryc /kahrēz/) (compare Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫞𐫍𐫡𐫏𐫉 (qhryz /kahrēz/, “qanat”), Parthian 𐫞𐫍𐫡𐫏𐫝 (qhryc /kahrēz/, “qanat”) and Khunsari کیریز (/kēⁱrīz)/), or compound of کاه (kâh, “straw”) + ریز (rêz, “to throw”). They used to throw straws in qanats' wells to see how rapid the movement of water is for repair purposes.

compound

و کسانی که شهرها و دیهها و بناها و کاریزها ساختند و غم این جهان بخوردند آن همه بگذاشتند و برفتند […]

995-1077, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī, ed. Ali-Akbar Fayyâz, pp. 320-321

10th century, Kisā'ī Marwazī
سزد که دو رخ کاریز آب دیده کنی
که ریز ریز بخواهدت ریختن کاریز


چوگان

head

چوگان • (čowgân)

fa-noun

چوگان • (čowgân)

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́n]

From Middle Persian cwpkʾn' (čōbagān, *čaw(la)gān), cwgʾn' (čōgān).

uder

977-1010, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
ز چوگان او گوی شد ناپدید
تو گفتی سپهرش همیبرکشید
zi čawgān-i ō gōy šud nāpadīd
tu guftī sipihraš hamē-bar-kašīd
From [the kick of] his polo-stick, the ball disappeared

It looked such that it was surpassing the heavens


ایستگاه اتوبوس

head

ایستگاه اتوبوس

ایستگاههای اتوبوس

ایستگاه اتوبوس • (istgâh-e otobus) (plural ایستگاههای اتوبوس (istgâh-hâ-ye otobus))

fa-noun

ایستگاه اتوبوس

ایستگاههای اتوبوس

istgâh-e otobus (romanization)
ایستگاههای اتوبوس (plural)


امپریالیسم

head

امپریالیسم • (emperiyâlism or amperiyâlism)

emperiyâlism (romanization)
amperiyâlism (romanization)

fa:امپریالیسم


نومزاد

نومزاد • (numzâd)

fa-noun

نومزاد • (numzâd)

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) candidate

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) fiancé, fiancée


صنم

صَنَم (canonical)
sanam (romanization)
اَصنام (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सनम (sanam)

Urdu: صنم (sanam)

→ Punjabi: ਸਨਮ (sanam)


جور

→ Azerbaijani: cür

From earlier جاوَر (jāwar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéws. Cognate with Parthian 𐫏𐫀𐫇𐫡 (yʾwr /yāwar/, “time, occasion”).


کالواس

head

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

fa-noun

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

kâlvâs (romanization)
kâlwâs (romanization)


استکام

head

استکام • (estekâm)

fa-noun

استکام • (estekâm)

From Russian стака́н (stakán); see there for further information.

(dialectal, Kerman, Kazerun, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) small drinking glass


کندگ

کنده کنده#Persian


واژه‌نامه

head

واژهنامه • (vâže-nâme) (plural واژهنامهها (vâže-nâme-hâ))

واژهنامه (canonical)
vâže-nâme (romanization)
واژهنامهها (plural)

From واژه (vâže, “word”) + نامه (nâme, “book (of)”).


نصیب

head

نصیب • (nasib) (plural نصیبها (nasib-hâ))

بهبود چون طمع کنم و روز دلخوشی
از بخت و طالعی که نباشد مرا نصیب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 113:

How can I seek happiness and a day to be cheerful
From that fortune and fate which are not my lot?

bihbūd čūn tama' kunam u rōz-i dilxwašī
az baxt u tāli'ē ki nabāšad ma-rā nasīb


غریبه

غریبه • (ğaribe) (plural غریبهها (ğaribe-hâ))


دلاک

دلاک • (dallâk) (plural دلاکان (dallâkân))

→ Armenian: դալլաք (dallakʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: dəllək

→ Georgian: დალაქი (dalaki)

→ Gujarati: દલ્લાક (dallāk)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلاك (dellak), تلاك (tellak), تلاق (tellak)

Turkish: tellak


دانش آموز

head

دانش آموز • (dâneš-âmuz)

fa-noun

دانش آموز • (dâneš-âmuz)

دانشآموز دانشآموز#Persian


امس

خود غریبی در جهان چون شمس نیست
شمس جان باقیی کش امس نیست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 119:

There is nothing in the world so wondrous strange as the Sun, the everlasting spiritual Sun which hath no yesterday.

xwad ğarībē dar jahān čōn šams nēst
šams-i jān-i bāqīyē k-aš ams nēst


زهره

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zʾhlk' /zahrag/, “gall; bile”), suffixed from Proto-Iranian *jarHáH, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂. Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “gall; bile”), Old English ġealla (“gall”), whence English gall.

cog

بر آب نیل گذر نمی توان کرد یکی آن که آبی بزرگ است و دوم نهنگ بسیار در آن باشد که هر حیوانی که به آب افتد در حال فرو میبرند و گویند به حوالی شهر مصر در راه طلسمی کردهاند که مردم را زحمت نرسانند و ستور را و به هیچ جای دیگر کسی را زهره نباشد در آب شدن به یک تیر پرتاب دور از شهر.

One cannot cross the water of the Nile, first because it is a large body of water, and second, because there are many alligators inside, so that any animal which falls into the water is dragged under all at once. They say that in the environs of the city, a talisman has been set up on the road so that people and animals will not be in danger. Nobody has the courage to go into the water in a place other than within one arrowshot's width of the city.

bar āb-i nīl guḏar na-mē-tawān kard yakē ān ki ābē buzurg ast u duwwum ki nahang bisyār dar ān bāšad ki har haywānē ki ba āb uftad dar hāl furō mē-barand u gūyand ba hawālī-yi šahr-i misr dar rāh tilasmē karda-and ki mardum rā zahmat na-rasānand u sotōr rā u ba hēč jā-yi dīgar kasē rā zahra na-bāšad dar āb šudan ba yak tīr-i partāb dawr az šahr.


رومی

head

رومی • (rumi, rômi) (plural رومیان (rumi, rômiân) or رومیها (rumi, rômi-hâ))

rumi (romanization)
rômi (romanization)
رومیان (plural)
رومیها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāyīg, “Greek, Byzantine, Roman”). Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom) being the Middle Persian term for Rome and Middle Persian 𐭩𐭪 (-ig) being the suffix which forms adjectives of relation.


پرگار

head

پَرْگار • (pargâr) (plural پرگارها (pargâr-hâ))

پَرْگار (canonical)
pargâr (romanization)
پرگارها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: بِرْكَار (birkār), فِرْجَار (firjār), بِرْجَار (birjār), بَرْجَل (barjal), بِيكَار (bīkār)

→ Azerbaijani: pərgar

→ Georgian: ფარგალი (pargali)

→ Middle Armenian: փարկալ (pʻarkal), փալկալ (pʻalkal)

Armenian: փարգալ (pʻargal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرگار (perger), پرگال (pergel)

Turkish: pergel

→ Armenian: փերգել (pʻergel), փերկել (pʻerkel)

→ Bulgarian: пергел (pergel)

→ Romanian: perghel

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (prγrs’y /parγarsē/, “round, oval”), Northern Kurdish pergal (“mode, system, order”), Sanskrit प्रकार (prakāra, “sort, kind, form, nature, way, mode, manner”). The first element is from Proto-Iranian *pari- (“around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, front”).

der

جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
سر گرچه دو کردهایم یک تن داریم

11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr:

My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm


محراب

head

محراب • (mehrâb) (plural محرابها (mehrâb-hâ))

→ Urdu: محراب (mihrāb, mehrāb)

[me̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[me̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[meɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


شیطان‌پرستی

شیطانپرستی (canonical)
šeytân-parasti (romanization)

[ʃejˈt̪ʰɒːnpʰæɾæst̪ʰi]


شعب

شعبه شعبه#Persian


روبه

روبه • (rubah) (plural روبَهان (rubah-ân))

روبه پرفریب و حیلتساز / رفت پای درخت و کرد آواز

Habib Yaghmaei, the Persian translation of The Fox and the Crow

The sly, deceitfull fox / stood by the tree and started to sing

rubah-e por-farib-o hilat-sâz / raft pây-e deraxt-o kard âvâz

روباه روباه#Persian


خوردنی

خوردنی • (xordani) (plural خوردنیها (xordani-hâ))

xordani (romanization)
خوردنیها (plural)

From خوردن (xordan, “to eat”) + ـی (i, “-able”).


گرمابه

head

گَرْمابِه • (garmâbe) (plural گرمابهها (garmâbe-hâ))

گَرْمابِه (canonical)
garmâbe (romanization)
گرمابهها (plural)

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɔː.bǽ]

[ɡʲæɹ.mɒː.bé]

From Middle Persian glmpʾk' (garmābag, “bathhouse”). By surface analysis, گَرم (garm, “hot”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e, “noun forming suffix”).


بهی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਹੀ (bihī)

Shahmukhi script: بهی (bihī)


پرووکاتور

head

پرووکاتور • (porovokâtor) (plural پرووکاتورها (porovokâtor-hâ))

porovokâtor (romanization)
پرووکاتورها (plural)

fa:پرووکاتور


آژان پرووکاتور

آژان پرووکاتورها

آژان پرووکاتور • (âžân porovokâtor) (plural آژان پرووکاتورها (âžân porovokâtor-hâ))

fa-noun

آژان پرووکاتورها

âžân porovokâtor (romanization)
آژان پرووکاتورها (plural)

[ʔɒː.ʒɒ́ːn pʰo.ɹo.vo.kʰɒː.t̪ʰóɹ]

fa:آژان پرووکاتور


قسم

(Translation by Wheeler M. Thackston)
گره سیورها که بریاضت و تجرد و حکمت در کل ممالک هندوستان امتیاز دارند زمانه را که بزبان هندی "کال" گویند بر دو قسم منقسم ساختهاند

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Akbarnama Volume 1

The Seoras, who are famous throughout India for their asceticism, reclusivity, and wisdom, have divided time, which is called kal in the Indian language, into two parts.


تقریر

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तक़रीर (taqrīr)

Urdu: تَقْرِیر (taqrīr)

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰæʁ.ɹíːɹ]

شرح درماندگی خود به که تقریر کنم
عاجزم چارهٔ من چیست چه تدبیر کنم

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دلآزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

To whom should I confess the explanation of my misery?
I am helpless; what is my cure? What plan do I make?

šarh-i darmāndagī-yi xwad ba ki taqrīr kunam
ājiz-am čāra-yi man čī-st či tadbīr kunam

utterance; speech; statement; confession


بادرنگ

head

بادرنگ • (bâdrang)

fa-noun

بادرنگ • (bâdrang)

Tajik: бодиринг (bodiring)

Uzbek: bodring

Kazakh: бәдірен (bädıren)

Kyrgyz: бадыраң (badıraŋ)

→ Gujarati: બાદરંગ (bādraṅg)

[bɑːð.ˈɾaŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɔːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ̥]

[bɒːd̪.ɹǽŋɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾtlng /wādrang/, “citron”). Akin to Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (wʾdrwng /wādrūng/, “lemon balm, balm mint”) and Iranian-borrowed Old Armenian վարունգ (varung), Mongolian батраш (batraš), Kalmyk батраш (batraş). Further origin in Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga, “citron (tree)”).


فراماسونری

head

فراماسونری • (ferâmâsoneri)

fa-noun

فراماسونری • (ferâmâsoneri)

fa:فراماسونری


فراموشخانه

head

فراموشخانه • (farâmušxâne)

fa-noun

فراموشخانه • (farâmušxâne)

From فراموش (farâmuš, “forgotten”, in reference to the organization's secrecy) + خانه (xâne, “house”). Phono-semantic matching of English Freemasonry.

af

فراموش
<t:forgotten><pos:in reference to the organization's secrecy>


چوبدست

head

چوبدست • (čubdast)

fa-noun

چوبدست • (čubdast)

[t͡ʃʰʊːb.d̪ǽst̪]


شترگاوپلنگ

head

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

شترگاوپلنگ • (šotorgâvpalang) (plural شترگاوپلنگها (šotorgâvpalang-hâ) or شترگاوپلنگان (šotorgâvpalangân))

fa-noun

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

šotorgâvpalang (romanization)
شترگاوپلنگها (plural)
شترگاوپلنگان (plural)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.ɡäw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ̥]

[ʃo.t̪ʰoɹ.ɡɒːv.pʰæ.lǽɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾwštlgʾwplng (uštar-gāw-palang, “giraffe”), compound of ʾwštl (uštar, “camel”) + gʾw (gāw, “ox, cow, bull”) + plng (palang, “leopard”). Also analyzable as شتر (šotor, “camel”) + گاو (gâv, “cow”) + پلنگ (palang, “leopard”).
Compare Old Armenian շտրպաղանգ (štrpałang), an Iranian borrowing. For the formation compare Ancient Greek καμηλοπάρδαλις (kamēlopárdalis), Old Armenian ընձուղտ (ənjułt), Classical Syriac ܓܡܠ ܢܡܪܐ (ɡmal-nemrā).

cog

καμηλοπάρδαλις

از یک طرفی مجلس ما شیک و قشنگ - از یک طرفی عرصه به ملیون تنگ - قانون و حکومت نظامی و فشار - این است حکومت شتر گاو پلنگ

Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, Divan-e Robaiyathttps://ganjoor.net/yazdi/divan/robaee/sh268

On one hand, our Parliament is so classy and beautiful
on the other hand, a million people are living in dire conditions
Law, martial law, and pressure
A government consisted of very disparate parts becomes like this

anything composed of very disparate parts


رخداد

head

رخداد • (roxdâd) (plural رخدادها (roxdâd-hâ))

[ɹox.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ɾuχ.d̪ɔ́d̪]


قالیچه پرنده

قالیچه پرنده

fa-noun

قالیچه پرنده

fa:قالیچه پرنده


سه‌ماهه

head

سهماهه • (se-mâhe)

fa-noun

سهماهه • (se-mâhe)

سهماهه (canonical)
se-mâhe (romanization)


شهریار

head

شهریار • (šahryâr) (plural شهریاران (šahryârân) or شهریارها (šahryâr-hâ))

šahryâr (romanization)
شهریاران (plural)
شهریارها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭣𐭠𐭫 (šahryār, “lord, sovereign, ruler”).


نشانگان آسپرگر

head

نشانگان آسپرگر • (nešânegân-e âsperger)

fa-noun

نشانگان آسپرگر • (nešânegân-e âsperger)

[neʃɒːneˌɡɒːne ɒːspeɾˈɡʲeɾ]

fa:نشانگان آسپرگر


بیگ مک

head

بیگ مک • (big mak) (plural بیگ مکها (big mak-hâ))

big mak (romanization)
بیگ مکها (plural)


عنتر

عنتر • ('antar) (plural عنترها ('antar-hâ) or عنتران ('antarân))

'antar (romanization)
عنترها (plural)
عنتران (plural)


صاعقه

صاعقه • (sâ'eqe) (plural صاعقهها (sâ'eqe-hâ))


زرناپا

زرناپا • (zornâpâ) (plural زرناپایان (zornâpâyân) or زرناپاها (zornâpâhâ))

zornâpâ (romanization)
زرناپایان (plural)
زرناپاها (plural)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرناپا (surnapa), زرناپا (zurnapa)

Turkish: zurnapa

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܪܢܦܐ (zarnāp̄ā), ܙܪܐܦܗ, ܙܪܝܦܐ (zārīp̄ā)
→ Arabic: زَرَافَة (zarāfa), زُرَافَة (zurāfa) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զուռնափայ (zuṙnapʻay)

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

From زُرْنَا (zornâ, “flute, zurna”) + پَا (pâ, “leg”). Doublet of زرافه (zarrâfe/zarâfe), a reborrowing from Arabic.


تلمود

Borrowed from Hebrew תַּלְמוּד (talmúd).


هیچ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyc /ēč/, “not any”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos (“who, which, what”)


کیله

Perhaps from Mazanderani. Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā). See also کول.


کیله

head

کیله • (kêla)

fa-noun

کیله • (kêla)

Borrowed from Hindi केला (kelā) or Urdu کیلا (kelā), from Sanskrit कदल (kadala).


پسین‌فردا

پسینفردا (canonical)
pasin-fardâ (romanization)

two days after tomorrow
two days after tomorrow


پسین‌فرداشب

پسینفرداشب (canonical)
pasin-fardâ-šab (romanization)

two nights after tomorrow
two nights after tomorrow


پس پریروز

پسپریروز (canonical)
pas-pariruz (romanization)


زرنا

head

زرنا • (zornâ)

fa-noun

زرنا • (zornâ)

سرنا سرنا#Persian


آونگ

head

آونگ • (âvang) (plural آونگها (âvang-hâ))

[ʔɒː.vǽɲɡʲ̥]


تگرگ

تَگَرگ (canonical)
tagarg (romanization)

[t̪ʰæ.ɡʲǽɹɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian tklg (tagarg, “hail”). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian tgrg (tagarg).


تندیس

تندیس • (tandis) (plural تندیسها (tandis-hâ))

From تن + ـدیس.


چغاله

چغاله • (čağâle)

fa-noun

چغاله • (čağâle)

desc

→ Azerbaijani: çağala, çaqqala, çağla, cağla

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاغلا (çağala, çağla, “unripe almond”), چغاله (çağala, çağla), چغله (çağala, çağla), چغلا (çağala, çağla)
Turkish: çağla
→ Armenian: չաղլա (čʻaġla), չալաղա (čʻalaġa), չաղալա (čʻaġala)
→ Greek: τσάγαλο n (tságalo)

[t͡ʃʰä.ɣɑː.lǽ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɣɑː.lǽ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɣɑː.lǽ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɣɔː.lǽ]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɢɒː.lé]

[t͡ʃʰä.ʁɔ.lǽ]

According to Monchi-Zadeh, the basic meaning is "small hard ball" and is borrowed from a Northeastern Iranian language: compare Pashto ځغاله (źəǧālá, “small lump of dough”).
Compare also Armenian կաղաղ (kaġaġ), ցոգոլ (cʻogol).


پایزه

head

پایزه • (pâyze) (plural پایزهها (pâyze-hâ))

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠫᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ (payiǰa). Ultimately from Chinese 牌子 (páizi).

bor+

و این جماعت را پایزهٔ سر شیر داد و دیگران را بر حسب مقدار هریک پایزهٔ زر و نقره دادند.

1226-1283, Atā-Malik Juwaynī, Taʾrīx-i Jahāngušāy, ed. Muhammad Qazwīnī, vol 1, page 255

wa īn jamāʾat rā pāyza-i sar-i šēr dād u dīgarān rā har yak bar hasb-i miqdār payza-i zar u nuqra dādand.


طغرا

head

طغرا • (toğrâ) (plural طغراها (toğrâ-hâ))

[t̪ʰʊɣ.ɾɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰʊɣ.ɾɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰʊɣ.ɾɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰuɣ.ɾɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰoɢ.ɹɒ́ː]

From a Turkic source, most likely from Ottoman Turkish طغرا (tuğra).


پیروز

پیروز • (piruz) (plural پیروزها (piruz-hâ) or پیروزان (piruzân))

piruz (romanization)
پیروزها (plural)
پیروزان (plural)

[pʰʊː.ɾʊ́ːz]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”).


استقلال

head

استقلال • (esteqlâl)

fa-noun

استقلال • (esteqlâl)

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِقْلَال (istiqlāl).

bor+

اِسْتِقْلَال


تازی

head

تازی • (tâzi) (plural تازیان (tâziân) or تازیها (tâzi-hâ))

tâzi (romanization)
تازیان (plural)
تازیها (plural)

From Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāzīg, “Arab”), from Arabic طَيِّء (ṭayyiʔ, “name of an Arab clan”). Compare Classical Syriac ܛܝܝܐ (Ṭayyāyāʾ, “Arab”).


تازی

→ Middle Armenian: թազի (tʻazi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تازی

Turkish: tazı

From Middle Persian tʾcyk' (tāzīg, “swift, fast”).


صدق

خسرو بیچاره می گوید به صدق
«عاشق روی شمایم، چون کنم؟»

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 1377”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

Khusrow says helplessly, in full sincerity:
"I am in love with your face; what do I do?"

xusraw bēčāra mē-gūyad ba sidq
"āšiq-i rōy-i šumā-yam, čūn kunam?"


ون

Probably from Mazanderani [Term?]., from Middle Persian wn' (/wan/, “tree”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”).


پیاله

head

پیاله • (piyâle) (plural پیالهها (piyâle-hâ))

→ Assamese: পিয়লা (piola)

→ Azerbaijani: piyalə

→ Bashkir: быяла (bıyala)

→ Bengali: পেয়ালা (peẏala)

→ Gujarati: પ્યાલો (pyālo)

→ Gulf Arabic: بيالة

→ Hijazi Arabic: بيالة

→ Iraqi Arabic: بيالة

desctree

→ Old Hindi: पियाला (piyālā)
Hindustani: pyālā
Hindi: प्याला
Urdu: پِیَالَہ (piyāla)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیاله (piyâle)

Turkish: piyale

→ Russian: пиала (piala)

→ Ukrainian: піала (piala)

→ Maithili: peālā

Devanagari script: पॆआला

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒺𑒂𑒪𑒰

→ Marathi: पेला (pelā)

→ Marwari: प्यालौ (pyālau)

→ Odia: ପିଆଲା (piālā)

→ Old Punjabi: ਪਿਆਲਾ (piālā)
Punjabi: piālā
Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਆਲਾ
Shahmukhi script: پیالہ

→ Rohingya: fiala

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: پِيالو

Devanagari script: पिआलो

→ Uzbek: piyola

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pygʾl /*paygāl/, “cup, goblet”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”). Compare Mazanderani پیلکا (pilëkā), Ancient Greek φιάλη (phiálē, “cup, bowl”), Sogdian [script needed] (ptγ'δ, “cup”), Khotanese [script needed] (phalau, “flat dish, bowl”).


پیک

head

پیک • (peyk) (plural پیکها (peyk-hâ) or پیکان (peykân))

peyk (romanization)
پیکها (plural)
پیکان (plural)

→ Georgian: ფაიკი (paiḳi)

→ Middle Armenian: փայիգ (pʻayig)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pdk' /payg/, “foot-soldier, courier”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”). Cognate with Sanskrit पदिक (padika, “going on foot, pedestrian”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պայիկ (payik), Georgian პაიკი (ṗaiḳi), Classical Syriac ܦܱܝܓܳܐ (faygā), Arabic فَيْج (fayj), فَوْج (fawj).


پیک

head

پیک • (peyk, pek) (plural پیکها (peyk, pek-hâ))

peyk (romanization)
pek (romanization)
پیکها (plural)


کماندار

کماندار • (kamândâr) (plural کمانداران (kamândârân) or کماندارها (kamândâr-hâ))

kamândâr (romanization)
کمانداران (plural)
کماندارها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાનદાર (kamāndār)

From کمان (kamân, “bow, arch”) + ـدار (-dâr).
Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭣𐭠𐭫 (kamāndār)


نشادر

نشادر • (nošâdor, nešâdor, nošâder, nešâder)

nošâdor (romanization)
nešâdor (romanization)
nošâder (romanization)
nešâder (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: نُشَادِر (nušādir), نُوشَادِر (nūšādir), نُشَاذِر (nušāḏir), نُوشَاذِر (nūšāḏir), نُشَاطِر (nušāṭir)

→ Georgian: ნიშადური (nišaduri)

→ Bengali: নিশাদল (niśadol)

→ Hindi: नौसादर (nausādar)

→ Mandarin: 硇砂 (náoshā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نشادر (nişadır)

Turkish: nişadır

→ Armenian: նիշատիր (nišatir), նշատիր (nšatir), նշատր (nšatr)

→ Bulgarian: нишадър (nišadǎr)

→ Greek: νισαντήρι (nisantíri), νισαντίρι n (nisantíri)

→ Romanian: nișadir

→ Russian: нашаты́рь (našatýrʹ)

→ Uyghur: نۆشۈدۈر (nöshüdür)

From earlier form نوشادر (nôšâdor) from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 (*ʾnwšʾdwr /*anōšādur/, “immortal fire”), combinated from 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱 (anōš /ʾnwš/, “elixir, antidote”, literally “immortal”) (compare Old Armenian անոյշ (anoyš)) and 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 (ʾdwr' /ādur/, “fire”). Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (nwšʾʾtr /nōšātar/). Middle Armenian անուշադր (anušadr), Classical Syriac ܐܢܘܫܕܘܪ (ʾnwšdwr) are Iranian borrowings.

cog

(inorganic chemistry) ammonium chloride, sal ammoniac


طاقت

head

طاقت • (tâqat)

fa-noun

طاقت • (tâqat)

→ Gujarati: તાકત (tākat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताक़त (tāqat)

Urdu: طاقت (tāqat)

→ Marathi: ताकद (tākad)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طاقت (takat)
Turkish: takat
→ Albanian: takat
→ Armenian: թախատ (tʻaxat), թախաթ (tʻaxatʻ), թախէթ (tʻaxētʻ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਕਤ (tākat)

Shahmukhi script: طاقت (t̤āqt)

[t̪ʰɑː.qǽt̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.qǽt̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.qǽt̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.qǽt̪]

[t̪ʰɒː.ʁǽt̪]

Etymology tree
Arabic طَاقَ (ṭāqa)
Arabic طَاقَة (ṭāqa)bor.
Persian طاقتBorrowed from Arabic طَاقَة (ṭāqa), from طَاقَ (ṭāqa).

etymon

ندارم طاقت یک دم جدایی.

باور کن که دستام میلرزن
 این آدما بیرحمن
 اینو فقط به تو میگم
 به آخر رسیدهم
 دیگه طاقت ندارم
 همهش فکروخیالم
اینو فقط به تو میگم
که خستهم
من خستهم

2021, “من رفتم”, performed by Az Shanbe:

Believe that my hands tremble
These people are ruthless
I tell this only to you
I've reached the end
I no longer have the stamina
I'm always overthinking
I tell this only to you
that I'm tired
I'm tired

bâvar kon ke dastâm milarzan
in âdamâ birahman
 ino faqat be to migam
be âxar residam
dige tâqat nadâram
hamaš fekro xiyâlam
ino faqat be to migam
ke xastam
man xastam


آهوپای

head

آهوپای • (âhupây) (plural آهوپایها (âhupây-hâ))

[ʔɒːhuːˈpʰɒːi̯]


مصاحبه

مصاحبه • (mosâhebe) (plural مصاحبات (mosâhebât) or مصاحبهها (mosâhebe-hâ))

mosâhebe (romanization)
مصاحبات (plural)
مصاحبهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُصَاحَبَة (muṣāḥaba).

bor+

مصاحبۀ مطبوعاتی


استفهام انکاری

head

استفهام انکاری

استفهام انکاری • (estefhâm-e enkâri)

fa-noun

استفهام انکاری

استفهام انکاری • (estefhâm-e enkâri)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪf.hɑ́ːm ʔäŋ.kʰɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪf.hɑ́ːm ʔäŋ.kʰɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ːm ʔäŋ.kʰɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔis.t̪ʰi.fɔ́ːm ʔäŋ.kʰɔː.ɾí]

[ʔes.t̪ʰef.hɒ́ːm ʔæŋ.kʰɒː.ɹíː]

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِفْهَام إِنْكَارِيّ (istifhām ʔinkāriyy).

bor+

اِسْتِفْهَام إِنْكَارِيّ

A rhetorical question in which the speaker means to say the answer is negative.


دادا

head

دادا • (dâdâ)

fa-noun

دادا • (dâdâ)

Ottoman Turkish: دادا (dâdâ)

Hungarian: dada

Turkish: dadı


پژواک

head

پژواک • (pežvâk) (plural پژواکها (pežvâk-hâ))


انعکاس

انعکاس • (en'ekâs) (plural انعکاسها (en'ekâs-hâ))

en'ekâs (romanization)
انعکاسها (plural)

[ʔɪn.ʔɪ.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔɪn.ʔɪ.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔɪ.nɪ.kʰɑ́ːs]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْعِكَاس (inʕikās).

bor+

این ناشی از انطباع است چنانکه اگر نوشتهای را از کاغذی بر کاغذ دیگر منتقل کنیم معکوس شود، و نیز اگر با مهر چیزی مهر شود، تصویر معکوس بود در صورتی که اگر تصویر چیزی در آینه به انعکاس بود، همانگونه دیده میشد.

This is the result of it being an impression. Just as [ink] writing on a sheet of paper becomes reversed if it is transferred to another sheet, and the image [of the seal] also becomes reversed when something is sealed, an image of something is seen in just this way [i.e. reversed] if it is reflected on the mirror.

īn nāšī az intibā' ast čunānki agar niwišta'ē rā az kāğazē bar kāğaz-i dīgar muntaqil kunēm ma'kus šawad, u nēz agar bā muhr čīzē muhr šawad, taswīr ma'kūs būd dar sūratē ki agar taswīr-i čīzē dar āyina ba in'ikās būd, hamān gūna dīda mē-šud.


بازرگان

head

بازرگان • (bâzargân) (plural بازرگانان (bâzargânân) or بازرگانها (bâzargân-hâ))

bâzargân (romanization)
بازرگانان (plural)
بازرگانها (plural)

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɔː.zäɾ.ɡɔːn]

[bɒː.zæɹ.ɡɒːn]

From earlier بازارگان (bâzârgân), from Middle Persian wʾčʾlkʾn' (wāzāragān, “merchant”). Compare Old Armenian վաճառական (vačaṙakan). Analyzable as بازار (bâzâr, “bazaar”) + ـگان (gân).


پرتگاه

head

پرتگاه • (partgâh) (plural پرتگاهها (partgâh-hâ))

partgâh (romanization)
پرتگاهها (plural)

[pʰæɾtˈɡ͡ɣɒːh]

لبهٔ پرتگاه

سمند تو زی پرتگاه از چه پوید
 ببین تا بدست که دادی عنان را

1941, Parvin E'tesami, Divan, qaside #3:

samand-e to zi partgâh az če puyad
 bebin tâ be-dast-e ke dâdi enân râ


پتقال

پرتقال پرتقال#Persian


بازرگانی

بازرگانی • (bâzargâni)

fa-noun

بازرگانی • (bâzargâni)

[bɒːzæɾɡɒːˈniː]

From بازرگان (bâzargân, “merchant, trader”) + ی (-i).


دیسکانکت

head

دیسکانکت • (diskânekt)

fa-noun

دیسکانکت • (diskânekt)


ورد

Borrowed from Arabic وَرْد (ward), itself of Iranian origin and from the same etymon as native گل (gol).


ورد

head

ورد • (verd) (plural وردها (verd-hâ) or اوراد (owrâd))

verd (romanization)
وردها (plural)
اوراد (plural)


جوزا

جوزا • (jowzâ)

fa-noun

جوزا • (jowzâ)

[d͡ʒäw.zɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒäw.zɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒäw.zɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒäw.zɔ́ː]


توهم

head

توهم • (tavahhom) (plural توهمات (tavahhomât))

Borrowed from Arabic تَوَهُّم (tawahhum).


فاعل

head

فاعل • (fâ'el) (plural فاعلها (fâ'el-hâ))

(sex, law) top, the penetrating partner in a male homosexual intercourse


اتهام

اتهام • (ettehâm) (plural اتهامات (ettehâmât))

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑːm]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑːm]

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّهَام (ittihām).


نجوا

head

نجوا • (najvâ) (plural نجواها (najvâ-hâ))

[näd͡ʒ.wɑ́ː]

[näd͡ʒ.wɑ́ː]

[näd͡ʒ.wɑ́ː]

[näd͡ʒ.wɔ́ː]

[næd͡ʒ.vɒ́ː]


به‌آفریدیان

بهآفریدیان • (behâfaridiân)

بهآفریدیان (canonical)
behâfaridiân (romanization)

بهآفریدی بهآفریدی#Persian

plural of بهآفریدی


به‌آفریدی

بهآفریدی • (beh-âfaridi) (plural بهآفریدیان (beh-âfaridiân))

بهآفریدی (canonical)
beh-âfaridi (romanization)
بهآفریدیان (plural)

[be̞ʱ ʔɑː.fä.ɾiː.d̪íː]

[be̞ʱ ʔɑː.fä.ɾiː.d̪íː]

[bɪ ʔɑː.fä.ɾiː.d̪íː]

[beʱ ʔɒː.fæ.ɹiː.d̪íː]

follower of Behafarid, an 8th-century Zoroastrian who started a religious peasant revolt


گوسان

گوسان • (gôsân) (plural گوسانان (gôsânân) or گوسانها (gôsân-hâ))

gôsân (romanization)
گوسانان (plural)
گوسانها (plural)

[ɡ̥uː.sɒ́ːn]

The correct spelling is گوسان (gôsân), either inherited from Middle Persian *gōsān or borrowed from Parthian 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗 (gwsʾn /gōsān/); see there for further information.

سرودی گفت گوسانِ نوآیین
درو پوشید حالِ ویس و رامین
sarôz-ê guft gôsân-i naw-âyîn

11th c., Fakhruddīn As'ad Gurgānī, "بزم ساختن موبد در باغ و سرود گفتن رامشگر گوسان", Wīs and Rāmīn, 218.5


وظیفه

وظیفه • (vazife) (plural وظایف (vazâyef) or وظیفهها (vazife-hâ))

vazife (romanization)
وظایف (plural)
وظیفهها (plural)

وظیفهای که به او داده شده بود را نتوانست درست انجام دهد.

He was unable to do the task that was given to him.

vazife'i ke be u dâde šode bud râ na-tavânest dorost anjâm dehad.

ما را وظیفههاست ز لطف تو صد هزار
درمانده گشت دل که چه گوید کدام کن

c. 1250s, Rumi, “Ghazal 2050”, in دیوان شمس تبریزی [Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi]:

I have a hundred thousand duties for the sake of your favor,
And the heart has turned desperate; what can it say? What can it do?

mā rā wazīfa-hā-st zi luft-i tu sad hazār
darmānda gašt dil ki či gūyad kodām kun


سوسمارخور

سوسمارخور • (susmârxor) (plural سوسمارخورها (susmârxor-hâ) or سوسمارخوران (susmârxorân))

susmârxor (romanization)
سوسمارخورها (plural)
سوسمارخوران (plural)

From سوسمار (susmâr, “lizard”) + خور (-xor, “-eater”).

compound

(slang, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Arab


تعارف

[t̪ʰä.ʔɑː.ɾʊ́f]

[t̪ʰä.ʔɑː.ɾʊ́f]

[t̪ʰɑːɑː.ɾʊ́f]

[t̪ʰɔːɔː.ɾúf]

[t̪ʰæ.ʔɒː.ɹóf]

[t̪ʰä.ʔɔ.ɾúf]

Borrowed from Arabic تَعَارُف (taʕāruf), verbal noun of تَعَارَفَ (taʕārafa, “to become known or introduced to each other; etc.”).

ta'arof/taarof; the intricate Persian system of etiquette and good manners, emphasizing extreme deference, humility, and respect.


آیات

head

آیات • (âyât)

[ʔɑː.jɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɑː.jɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɑː.jɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɔː.jɔ́ːt̪]

[ʔɒː.jɒ́ːt̪]


آثار

آثار • (âsâr)

bor

Arabic آثَار (ʔāṯār)


آیه

head

آیه • (âye) (plural آیهها (âye-hâ) or آیات (âyât))

âye (romanization)
آیهها (plural)
آیات (plural)

verse (of a holy book, such as the Qur'an or Bible)


تازیک

تازیک • (tâzik) (plural تازیکان (tâzikân))

From Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāčīk, Tāzīg, “Arab”), from Arabic طَيِّء (ṭayyiʔ, “name of an Arab clan”). Compare Classical Syriac ܛܝܝܐ (Ṭayyāyāʾ, “Arab”).

cog

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɒː.zíːkʲ]


تازیک

Possibly re-borrowed from Old Turkic [script needed] (Täzik, “non-Turk/Iranian of Central Asia”) after the Mongol Invasion (Orkhon inscription), from Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāčīk, Tāzīg, “Arab”).

bor

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɑː.zíːk]

[t̪ʰɒː.zíːkʲ]

و حاجب بزرگ علی بازگشت و همه بزرگان سپاه را از تازیک و ترک با خویشتن برد ...
va hâjeb bozorg ali bâzgašt o hame-ye bozorgân-e sepâh râ az tâzik o tork bâ xištan bord ...
and Hâjeb Bozorg Ali returned and brought all commanders of the army—both Persian and Turk—with himself ...

Abolfazl Beyhaqi, Târix-e Beyhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyâz, page 47


زال

perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”)


ایام

head

ایام • (ayyâm)

fa-noun

ایام • (ayyâm)


برزخ

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْزَخ (barzaḵ), from Parthian *bwrz-ʾxw (/burz-axw/), from Parthian bwrz (/burz/, “high”) + ʾxw (/axw/, “world”).


رهبرها

رهبر رهبر#Persian


چایی

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈjiː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.jíː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.jíː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.jíː]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.jíː]


اطراق

head

اطراق • (otrâq)

fa-noun

اطراق • (otrâq)

اتراق اتراق#Persian


اطاق

head

اطاق • (otâq)

fa-noun

اطاق • (otâq)

اتاق اتاق#Persian


کنگر

head

کنگر • (kangar) (plural کنگرها (kangar-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: كَنْكَر (kankar), كَنْجَر (kanjar)

→ Middle Armenian: կանկար (kankar), կանկառ (kankaṙ)

desctree

Armenian: կանկառ (kankaṙ), կանկար (kankar)
→ Cappadocian Greek: καγκάρι (kagkári)

→ Azerbaijani: kəngər

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنگر (kenger)

Turkish: kenger

→ Northern Luri: کݩڳێر (kenğır)

[kʰʲæɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

Probably an ancient Aramaic borrowing, given that widespread Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa, “cardoon”) has another widespread variant ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna). For ܩ (q) giving ک (k) see کما (komâ, “Ferula”), for the ر (r) شنار (šenâr, “swimming; horehound”) in place of شنا (šenâ), though trailing extension of a root by ر (r) within Semitic is also very often observed, so either way a match is statistically likely.


اتراق

head

اتراق • (otrâq)

fa-noun

اتراق • (otrâq)

[ʔʊt̪.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔʊt̪.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔʊt̪.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔut̪.ɾɔ́ːq]

[ʔot̪.ɹɒ́ːɢ̥]

From Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani oturaq.


باغات

head

باغات • (bâğât)


گیومه

گیومه • (giyume) (plural گیومهها (giyume-hâ))


پالوده

پالوده • (pâlude)

fa-noun

پالوده • (pâlude)

فالوده فالوده#Persian


دانشکده

head

دانِشْکَدِه • (dâneškade) (plural دانشکدهها (dâneškade-hâ))

دانِشْکَدِه (canonical)
dâneškade (romanization)
دانشکدهها (plural)

→ Urdu: دانش کدہ (dāniś-kada)

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃkʰä.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɔː.níʃkʰä.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɒː.néʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

af

دانِش (dâneš) + ـکَدِه (-kade)


نشانه سجاوندی

head

نشانهٔ سجاوندی

نشانههای سجاوندی

نشانهٔ سجاوندی • (nešâne-ye sajâvandi) (plural نشانههای سجاوندی (nešâne-hâ-ye sajâvandi))

fa-noun

نشانهٔ سجاوندی

نشانههای سجاوندی

نشانهٔ سجاوندی (canonical)
nešâne-ye sajâvandi (romanization)
نشانههای سجاوندی (plural)


فالوده

head

فالوده • (fâlude)

fa-noun

فالوده • (fâlude)

→ Bengali: ফালুদা (faluda)

→ Burmese: ဖာလူဒါ (hpaluda)

→ Gujarati: ફાલુદા (phāludā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ालूदा (fālūdā)

Urdu: فالودہ (fālūdā)

→ Punjabi: ਫਲੂਦਾ (phalūdā)

→ Sindhi: فالودو (fālūdo)

→ Swahili: faluda

Reborrowed from Arabic فَالُودَة (fālūda), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pʾlwtk' /pālūdag/, “starch jelly, flummery”, past participle), Middle Persian [script needed] (pʾlwtn' /pālūdan/, “to strain, filter, purify”) (see Persian پالودن (pâludan, “to cleanse, purify, filter, refine”)).


بهمان

head

بهمان • (bahmân)

fa-noun

بهمان • (bahmân)

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (wāhmān, “so-and-so”). Compare Northern Kurdish bêhvan (“so-and-so”) and wihan (“so, like this”).

inh

فلان و بهمان


فلان

head

فلان • (folân)

fa-noun

فلان • (folân)

فلان و بهمان

دیروز فلان را دیدم.

so-and-so, such-and-such; a generic placeholder name, used when one does not wish to specify a name.


کاهربا

head

کاهربا • (kâhrobâ)

fa-noun

کاهربا • (kâhrobâ)

[kʰɒːhɾoˈbɒː]

کهربا کهربا#Persian


فرسنگ

head

فرسنگ • (farsang) (plural فرسنگها (farsang-hâ))

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փարսանգ (pʻarsang), ֆարսանկ (farsank)

[fæɹ.sǽɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plsng /frasang/, “parasang”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Ancient Greek παρασάγγης (parasángēs), Latin parasanga, Old Armenian հրասախ (hrasax), Arabic فَرْسَخ (farsaḵ), Aramaic פַּרְסָה, פַּרְסָא (parsâ), Mishnaic Aramaic פָּרָשָׁה (pārāšâ), Classical Syriac ܦܪܣܚܐ (prsḥʾ /parsḥā/).

cog

פַּרְסָה, פַּרְסָא

Aramaic פַּרְסָה, פַּרְסָא (parsâ)

Aramaic פָּרָשָׁה (pārāšâ)

به من از فرسنگها دوری تو گرمی حرم نفسهات میرسه

2006, Omid Soltâni, “Entezâr”, in Entezâr:

be man az farsang-hâ duri-e to, garmi-e horm-e nafas-hât mi-rese

farsang, parasang (unit of distance, comparable to a league)


کهربا

Tajik: каҳрабо (kahrabo)

→ Uzbek: qahrabo

desc

→ Adyghe: кӏэхьрэбэ (kʼɛḥrɛbɛ)

→ Adyghe: кӏэхьрэбэ (kʼɛḥrɛbɛ)

→ Arabic: كَهْرَبَاء (kahrabāʔ), كَهْرَمَان (kahramān)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܲܗܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (kahrāḇā)

→ Azerbaijani: kəhrəba

→ Bashkir: гәрәбә (gərəbə)

desctree

→ Georgian: ქარვა (karva)
→ Bats: ქარვ (karv)

→ Gujarati: કેરબો (kerbo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कहरुवा (kahruvā)

Urdu: کہربا (kahrubā)

→ Malay: kahrab

Indonesian: kahrab

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քահրիպար (kʻahripar), քարուպայ (kʻarupay), քարուպա (kʻarupa), քարուպար (kʻarupar), քահրիպայ (kʻahripay), քահրապա (kʻahrapa), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քահրուպայ (kʻahrupay), քահրուպար (kʻahrupar)

Armenian: քահրիբար (kʻahribar), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քեհրիբար (kʻehribar), ք^յա̈րբա̈ր (kʻʸärbär), քա̈հրըբար (kʻährəbar), քահրիպար (kʻahripar) — Western Armenian

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كهربا (kehrüba), كهربار (kehrübar, kehribar, keherbar), كهلبار (kehlübar, kehlibar) — Vulgar Turkish
Turkish: kehribar
→ Albanian: qelibar
→ Aromanian: chihlibáre, chehribár
→ Bulgarian: кехлибар (kehlibar)
→ Greek: κεχριμπάρι (kechrimpári)
→ Macedonian: килибар (kilibar)
→ Romanian: chihlimbar
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћилѝба̄р, ћирѝба̄р, ћелѝба̄р
Latin script: ćilìbār, ćirìbār, ćelìbār

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਹਰੁਵਾ (kahruvā)

Shahmukhi script: کہربا (kahrubā)

→ Swahili: kaharabu

→ Tatar: гәрәбә (gäräbä)

→ Uyghur: قەھرىۋا (qehriwa)

[kʰäɦ.ɾʊ.bɑː]

[kʰäɦ.ɾʊ.bɑː]

[kʰɑː.ɾʊ.bɑː]

[kʰʲæɦ.ɹo.bɒː]

[kʰäɦ.ɾä.bɔ]

From earlier کهربای (kahrobây), from Middle Persian khlpʾd (kah-rubāy, “amber”).


عشاق‌نامه

head

عشاقنامه • ('oššâq-nâme)

fa-noun

عشاقنامه • ('oššâq-nâme)

عشاقنامه (canonical)
'oššâq-nâme (romanization)

compound

عشاق ('oššâq) + نامه (nâme)


بچگی

head

بچگی • (baččegi)

fa-noun

بچگی • (baččegi)

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bä.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bä.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bä.t͡ʃʰä.ɡíː]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡí]

[bä.t͡ʃʰä.ɡí]

[bæt͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰæ.ɡʲíː]

[bæ.t͡ʃʰæ.ɡʲíː]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡí]

[bä.t͡ʃʰä.ɡí]


حسب حال

head

حسب حال • (hasb-e hâl) (plural حسب حالها (hasb-e hâl-hâ))

hasb-e hâl (romanization)
حسب حالها (plural)

حسبحال حسبحال#Persian


زندگینامه

زندگینامه زندگینامه#Persian


پراکندگی

پراکندگی • (parâkandegi) (plural پراکندگیها (parâkandegi-hâ))

parâkandegi (romanization)
پراکندگیها (plural)

[pʰä.ɾɑː.kʰän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[pʰä.ɾɑː.kʰän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[pʰä.ɾɑː.kʰän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[pʰä.ɾɔː.kʰän̪.d̪ä.ɡí]

[pʰæ.ɹɒː.kʰʲæn̪d̪e.ɡʲíː]

[pʰä.ɾɔ.kʰän̪.d̪ä.ɡí]


حسب‌حال

حسبحال • (hasb-e-hâl) (plural حسبحالها (hasb-e-hâl-hâ))

حسبحال (canonical)
hasb-e-hâl (romanization)
حسبحالها (plural)

حسب حالی ننوشتی و شد ایامی چند
محرمی کو که فرستم به تو پیغامی چند
hasb-e-hâli nanevešti o šod ayyâmi čand

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

mahrami ku ke ferestam be to peyğâmi čand


نسیم

نسیم بهاری


شکوفه

شکوفه • (šokufe) (plural شکوفهها (šokufe-hâ))

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (škwpk' /škōfag/, “flower, blossom”), from the verb škōf- (“to blossom”), whence modern شکفتن (šekoftan, “to blossom”).

inh+

بستان ز نو شکوفه چو گردون شد
تا نسترن به سان ثریا شد

c. 1080, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, “Qaṣīda 78”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir-i Khusraw]:

Due to the new blossoms, the garden was like the [night] sky,
As long as the wild roses were like the Pleiades.

bustān zi naw šikōfa čū gardūn šud
tā nastaran ba sān-i surayyā šud


ورزا

head

ورزا • (varzâ)

fa-noun

ورزا • (varzâ)

From ورز (varz) + گاو (gâv), literally “tilling-cow”.


اظهار

head

اظهار • (ezhâr) (plural اظهارات (ezhârât))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इज़हार (izhār)

Urdu: اظہار (izhār)

با اظهار اینکه تمام اقوام و مذاهب ساکن این کشور با هم برادرند[…]
bâ ezhâr-e in-ke tamâm-e aqvâm o mozâheb-e sâken-e in kešvar bâ ham barâdar-and […]
stating that all ethnic and religious groups inhabiting this country are each others' brothers […]


الگو

From a Turkic source, possibly Azerbaijani ülgü (“pattern”). Compare with Turkish ülgü, Turkmen ülňi, Kyrgyz үлгү (ülgü), Kazakh үлгі (ülgı), Chuvash ӗлкӗ (ĕlk̬ĕ), Bashkir өлгө (ölgö), etc.


کرد

کرد • (kord) (plural کردان (kordân) or اکراد (akrâd))

kord (romanization)
کردان (plural)
اکراد (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwrt /kurd/), of uncertain origin, assumed from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (“herd”).

inh

گروهی از اکراد در کوههای میان اصفهان و خوزستان و این نواحی بدیشان شناخته آید و بلاد لر خوانند و هم لرستان و لور گویند.

1224-1228, Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mu’jam ul-Buldān (Persian translation)

[ Lurs are ] a group of nomads who live in the mountains between Isfahan and Khuzestan and these territories are known to be theirs and they are called the Lur people and they are also called “Luristan” and “Lur”.

goruh-i az akrâd dar kuh-hâ-ye muyân-e esfehân o xuzestân, o in navâhi bedišân šenâxte âyad o balad lor xânand o ham lorestân o lur guyand.


کرد

head

کرد • (kord) (plural کردان (kordân) or کردها (kord-hâ))

kord (romanization)
کردان (plural)
کردها (plural)

Apparently identical to the above word for a “herder”. More at Kurds.


ترتیب

ترتیب • (tartib) (plural ترتیبات (tartibât))

[t̪ʰäɾ.t̪ʰíːb]

[t̪ʰäɾ.t̪ʰíːb]

[t̪ʰäɾ.t̪ʰíːb]

[t̪ʰäɾ.t̪ʰíb̥]

[t̪ʰæɹ.t̪ʰíːb̥]

[t̪ʰäɾ.t̪ʰíb]

حاجبان بر رسم رفته پیش رفتند و اعیان بر اثر ایشان آمدن گرفتند بر ترتیب و مینشستند و میایستادند[…]

c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

The chamberlains went forward according to previous custom, and the notables began to enter after them in order, and sat down and stood up […]

hājibān bar rasm-i rafta pēš raftand u a'yān bar asar-i ēšān āmadan giriftand bar tartīb u mē-nišastand u mē-istādand […]

order, regularity; (systemic) arrangement

به گزارش ایرنا به نقل از روابط عمومی شانزدهمین نمایشگاه بین المللی قرآن کریم، مدیر بخش ترجمه قرآن کریم، افزود: به این ترتیب به هر زبانی که دوست دارید، می توانید قرآن بخوانید.

2008 September 6, “در شانزدهمین نمایشگاه بین المللی قرآن کریم”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

According to IRNA, citing the public relations department of the fifteenth International Noble Qur'an Exhibition, the director of the Noble Qur'an translation department added: "In this way, you can read the Qur'an in any language you want."

be gozâreš-e irnâ be naql az ravâbet-e omumi-ye šânzdahomin namâyešgâh-e beyn-ol-melali-ye qor'ân-e karim, modir-e baxš-e tarjome-ye qor'ân-e karim, afzud: be in tartib be har zabâni ke dust dârid, mi-tavânid qor'ân bexânid.

method, system, manner (of doing something)


بکر

بکر • (bekr) (plural بکرها (bekr-hâ) or ابکار (abkâr))

bekr (romanization)
بکرها (plural)
ابکار (plural)

مصوری که صور ابکار افکار بر صفحات ضمیر اولیالالباب کشید[…]

c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Introduction”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]:

the painter [i.e. God] who draws images of unsullied thoughts [lit. the virgins of thoughts] on the pages of the intellects of the prudent […]

musawwirē ki suwar-i abkār-i afkār bar safāhat-i zamīr-i ūlū-l-albāb kašīd […]

(figurative) something untouched; something unsullied


دیار

دیار • (diyâr)

fa-noun

دیار • (diyâr)

→ Gujarati: દયાર (dayār)

Borrowed from Arabic دِيَار (diyār), a plural form of دَار (dār).

آینهی جان نیست الا روی یار
روی آن یاری که باشد ز آن دیار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 96:

The soul's mirror is naught but the face of the friend,
the face of that friend who is of yonder country (the spiritual land).

āyina-i jān nīst alā rōy-i yār
rōy-i yār-ē ki bāšad za ān diyār


فرداشب

head

فرداشب • (fardâ-šab)

fa-noun

فرداشب • (fardâ-šab)


مقطع

head

مقطع • (maqta') (plural مقطعها (maqta'-hâ) or مقاطع (maqâte'))

maqta' (romanization)
مقطعها (plural)
مقاطع (plural)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مقطع

→ Turkish: makta

مقطعی از تاریخ جمهوری اسلامی

a period in the history of the Islamic Republic

(poetry) the last line of a qasida or ghazal


مطلع

مطلع • (matla') (plural مطلعها (matla'-hâ))


ولایت

وِلَايَت • (velâyat) (plural ولایتها (velâyat-hâ) or ولایات (velâyât))

وِلَايَت (canonical)
velâyat (romanization)
ولایتها (plural)
ولایات (plural)

→ Assamese: বিলাত (bilat)

→ Bengali: বিলাত (bilat), বিলেত (bilet)

→ Gujarati: વિલાયત (vilāyat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: विलायत (vilāyat)

Urdu: وِلَایَت (vilāyat)

→ Kazakh:

Cyrillic script: уәлаят (uälaät)

Latin script: uälaiat

Arabic script: ٴۋالايات

→ Kyrgyz: ылаят (ılayat)

→ Marathi: विलायत (vilāyat)

→ Odia: ବିଲାତ (bilāta)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ولایت (vilayet)
Turkish: vilayet
→ Albanian: vilajet
→ Armenian: վիլայեթ (vilayetʻ)
→ Dutch: vilajet
→ English: vilayet
→ French: vilayet
→ German: Wilajet
→ Hungarian: vilajet

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਲਾਇਤ (valāita)

Shahmukhi script: وَلایت (valāyt)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: وِلائِتُ

Devanagari script: विलाइत

desc

→ Thai: วิลาด (wí-lâat), วิลาศ (wí-lâat)

→ Turkmen:

Latin script: welaýat

Cyrillic script: велаят

Learned borrowing from Arabic وِلَايَة (wilāya).


گفتمان

head

گفتمان • (goftemân) (plural گفتمانها (goftemân-hâ))

goftemân (romanization)
گفتمانها (plural)


لفاف

لِفاف • (lefâf) (plural لفافها (lefâf-hâ))

لِفاف (canonical)
lefâf (romanization)
لفافها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic لِفَافَة (lifāfa), from the root ل ف ف (l-f-f). Compare Classical Syriac ܠܦܦܐ (lp̄āp̄ā, “envelope”).


جست‌وجو

جستوجو (canonical)
jost-o-ju (romanization)

جستجو جستجو#Persian


جست و جو

جستجو جستجو#Persian


گفتگوها

goftogu-hâ (romanization)
goftegu-hâ (romanization)

[ɡoft̪ʰoɡuːˈhɒː]

[ɡoft̪ʰuɡuːˈhɒː]

[ɡoft̪ʰeɡuːˈhɒː]

گفتگو گفتگو#Persian


گفت‌وگوها

گفتوگوها (canonical)
goft-o-gu-hâ (romanization)

گفتوگو گفتوگو#Persian


گفت‌وگو

head

گفتوگو • (goft-o-gu) (plural گفتوگوها (goft-o-gu-hâ))

گفتوگو (canonical)
goft-o-gu (romanization)
گفتوگوها (plural)

گفتگو گفتگو#Persian


گفت و گو

گفت و گو • (goft o gu) (plural گفت و گوها (goft o gu-hâ))

goft o gu (romanization)
گفت و گوها (plural)

گفتگو گفتگو#Persian


ابهام

ابهام • (ebhâm)

fa-noun

ابهام • (ebhâm)


قالیباف

head

قالیباف • (qâlibâf) (plural قالیبافها (qâlibâf-hâ) or قالیبافان (qâlibâfân))

qâlibâf (romanization)
قالیبافها (plural)
قالیبافان (plural)

[ɢɒːliːˈbɒːf]


کاک

→ Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كاك (kāk)

Akin to Gilaki کاکا (káká, “a kind of cookie”), Arabic كعك (kaʕk), and Classical Syriac ܟܥܟܐ (kaʿkā).


شیعی

Borrowed from Arabic شِيعِيّ (šīʕiyy). By surface analysis, شیعه (ši'e) + ـی (-i).

surf

بیشتر شیعیان دوازدهامامی در هند, ایران، عراق، آذربایجان، لبنان، افغانستان، پاکستان و کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس مانند یمن و بحرین زندگی میکنند.

Most Twelver Shi'ites live in India, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Arab countries of the Persian Gulf like Yemen and Bahrain.

bištar-e ši'iyân-e davâzdah-emâmi dar hend, irân, 'erâq, âzarbâyjân, lobnân, afğânestân, pâkestân va kešvar-hâ-ye hâšiye-ye xalij-e fârs mânand-e yaman va bahreyn zendegi mi-konand.


جغه

head

جغه • (jeğğe)

fa-noun

جغه • (jeğğe)

بته جقه
بته جقه#Persian


جقه

بته جقه
بته جقه#Persian


داروغه

head

داروغه • (dâruğe) (plural داروغهها (dâruğe-hâ))

[d̪ɒːɾuːˈɣe]

From Mongolian дарга (darga, “chief, commandant”).


بته جغه

بته جقه
بته جقه#Persian

Alternative form of بته جقه (botte jeqqe)


بته‌جقه

بتهجغه (canonical)
botte-jeqqe (romanization)

بته جقه
بته جقه#Persian


فرگرد

head

فرگرد • (fargard) (plural فرگردها (fargard-hâ))

[fæɾˈɡʲæɾd̪]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (fragard). Compare Sogdian [script needed] (prw’rt' /parwārt/, “chapter, scroll”).


تیمچه

head

تیمچه • (timče) (plural تیمچهها (timče-hâ))

[t̪ʰeːm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t̪ʰeːm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t̪ʰeːm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t̪ʰeːm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t̪ʰiːm.t͡ʃʰé]


مانی

مانی • (mâni)

fa-noun

مانی • (mâni)

(figurative) great painter (one as great as Mani, who illustrated the Arzhang)


رصدخانه

head

رصدخانه • (rasadxâne) (plural رصدخانهها (rasadxâne-hâ))

rasadxâne (romanization)
رصدخانهها (plural)

From رصد (rasad, “observation”) + خانه (xâne).


هامون

head

هامون • (hâmun)

fa-noun

هامون • (hâmun)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ہامون (hāmūn)

Ottoman Turkish: هامون (hâmûn)

From Middle Persian hʾmwn' (hāmōn, “level, flat”).


پارسا

head

پارسا • (pârsâ)

fa-noun

پارسا • (pârsâ)

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ː]

[pʰɔːɾ.sɔ́ː]

[pʰɒːɹ.sɒ́ː]

Uncertain. Not found in Middle Persian. A link to Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 (pʾlsy /Pārs/, “Persia”) is often suggested, with reference to the Zoroastrian notion that the Iranians were the chosen nation of God.

cog

پارسائی را دیدم بر کنار دریا که زخم پلنگی داشت و بهیچ دارو به نمیشد. مدتها در آن رنجور بود و شکر خدای عزّ وجلّ علیالدوام گفتی.

1258, Shaykh Muṣliḥ-ud-Dīn Saʿdī of Shiraz, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston, The Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa’di: Bilingual English and Persian Edition with Vocabulary, Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, published 2008, →ISBN, page 52:

On the seashore I saw a hermit who had a leopard wound that would not heal with any medicine. He had been suffering in pain for a long time, but he still thanked God constantly.

pārsā'ē rā dīdam bar kinār-i daryā ki zaxm-i palangē dātš u ba hēč dārū bih na-mē-šud. muddat-hā dar ān ranjūr būd u šukr-i xudāy azza wa jalla ala-d-dawām guftē.


فرنگ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़िरंग (firaṅg)

Urdu: فرنگ (farang)

→ Khmer: បារាំង (baarang)

→ Pashto: فرنګ (farang)

desctree

→ Thai: ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)
→ English: farang (“westerner who comes to Thailand”)
→ Lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang), ຝະຫຼັ່ງ (fa lang)
→ White Hmong: huablab

Borrowed from Old French franc.
First attested in Safarnama of Nasir Khusrow (written in 1045–1052).

1184–1291, Saadi, Golestan
از صحبت یاران دمشقم ملالتی پدید آمده بود، سر در بیابان قدس نهادم و با حیوانات انس گرفتم تا وقتی که اسیر قید فرنگ شدم و در خندق طرابلس با جهودانم به کارگل داشتند.
az suhbat-i yârân-i damišqam malâlati padîd âmada bûd, sar dar biyâbân-i quds nahâdam u bâ hayvânât uns giriftam tâ vaqtî ki asîr-i qayd-i farang šudam u dar xandaq-i tarâbulus bâ jahûdânam ba kârgil dâštand.

I was upset from my Damascene friends and went to the desert of Palestine (...), until I was taken as captive by the Franks/Crusaders and they sent me with Jews as forced labourers to Tripoli, [Lebanon].

1141–1209, Nezami
فرنگ فلسطین و رهبان روم
پذیرای فرمان مهرش چو موم
farang-i filistîn u rahbân-i rôm
pazîrâ-yi farmân-i mihraš ču môm


آرمان

head

آرمان • (ârmân) (plural آرمانها (ârmân-hâ))

[ʔɑːɾ.ˈmɑːn]

[ʔɑːɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑːɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑːɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔːɾ.mɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒːɹ.mɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Sogdian [Term?]. First attested in the Shāhnāma, 1010.

خواهد شدن از تن نظر جان زایل
ناگشته بجز حسرت و ارمان حاصل

c. 1360, Ibn Yamīn, “Ruba'i 449”, in دیوان ابن یمین [Dīvān of Ibn Yamīn]:

The view of my soul/beloved will be erased from my flesh,
For I have gained naught but longing and grief.

xwāhad šudan az tan nazar-i jān zāyil
nāgašta ba joz hasrat u armān hāsil


پژوهشگر

پژوهشگر • (pežuhešgar) (plural پژوهشگران (pežuhešgarân))

pežuhešgar (romanization)
پژوهشگران (plural)

پژوهشگران آمريکايی می گويند نوزادان زنانی که در شهرهای آلوده زندگی می کنند، وزن کمتری دارند.

2013, “شهرهای آلوده، نوزادان کم وزن”, in BBC Persian:

American researchers say the newborns of women who live in polluted cities have low (birth) weight.

Pežuhešgarân-e Âmrikâyi mi-guyand nouzâdân-e zanâni ke dar šahr-hâ-ye âlude zendegi mi-konand, vazn kam-tar-i dârand.


کویر

کویر • (kavir) (plural کویرها (kavir-hâ) or کویران (kavirân))

kavir (romanization)
کویرها (plural)
کویران (plural)

From Earlier Form گویر (gawîr) from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (gwyr /gawīr/, “salt desert, salt moor”).


رئیس‌جمهور

head

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور • (ra'is-jomhur) (plural رئیسجمهوران (ra'is-jomhurân) or رئیسجمهورها (ra'is-jomhur-hâ))

fa-noun

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور (canonical)
ra'is-jomhur (romanization)
رئیسجمهوران (plural)
رئیسجمهورها (plural)


چنار

head

چنار • (čenâr) (plural چنارها (čenâr-hâ))

[t͡ʃi.ˈnɑːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.nɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.nɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.nɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰi.nɔ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰe.nɒ́ːɹ]

[t͡ʃʰi.nɔ́ɾ]

Platanus orientalis
Platanus orientalis#Translingual

chinar, oriental plane, Platanus orientalis


تکواندو

تکواندو • (tekvândo)

fa-noun

تکواندو • (tekvândo)


کشتی فرنگی

fa:کشتی فرنگی


سواحل

ساحل ساحل#Persian


بادیان

head

بادیان • (bâdiyân)

fa-noun

بادیان • (bâdiyân)

→ Azerbaijani: badyan

→ Bashkir: баҙыян (baźıyan)

→ French: badiane

→ Asturian: badiana

→ Belarusian: бадзян (badzjan)

→ Catalan: badiana

→ Czech: badyán

→ English: badian

→ Galician: badián

→ German: Badian

→ Occitan: badiana

→ Polish: badian

→ Portuguese: badiana

→ Russian: бадья́н (badʹján)

→ Spanish: badián, badiana

→ Slovak: badián

→ Ukrainian: бодян (bodjan)

→ Gujarati: બાદિયાન (bādiyān)

→ Hindi: बादियान (bādiyān)

→ Kazakh: бәден (bäden)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بادیان (badyan)

Turkish: badyan

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: بەدىيان (bediyan)

1004-1088, Nasir Khusraw
نیست مرا وقت ضعیفی هنوز
بشکند این را شکر و بادیان
nist marâ vaqt-e za'ifi hanuz
beškanad in râ šakar o bâdiyân


آبزن

head

آبزن • (âbzan) (plural آبزنها (âbzan-hâ))

Arabic: أبزن (ʔabzan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄zn' /ābzan/). Compare Classical Syriac ܐܘܙܢܐ (ʾāwzānāʾ), Old Armenian աւազան (awazan), Old Georgian ავაზანი (avazani), Georgian აბაზანა (abazana), Aghwan 𐔰𐕛𐔰𐔵𐔰𐕎 (avazan), all Iranian borrowings.


قهوه ترک

میخوام قهوه ترک بخرم ولی نمیدونم قیمتش چقدره.

I want to buy (some) Turkish coffee but I don't know how much it costs.

Mi-xâm qahve-ye tork bexaram vali nemi-dunam qeymateš čeqadr-e.


آوازه

head

آوازه • (âvâze)

fa-noun

آوازه • (âvâze)

âvâze (romanization)
آوازه (singular)
âvâzé (singular)
آوازهها (plural)
âvâze-hấ (plural)
آوازها (colloquial plural)
âvâzeấ (plural)
آوازه را (definite direct-object singular)
âvâzé râ (definite direct-object singular)
آوازه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
âvâzá ro (definite direct-object singular)
آوازهها را (definite direct-object plural)
âvâze-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
آوازها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
âvâzeấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
آوازهٔ (ezafe singular)
âvâzé-ye (ezafe singular)
آوازههای (ezafe plural)
âvâze-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
آوازهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
âvâzeấ-ye (ezafe plural)
آوازهای (definite relative singular)
آوازهای (indefinite singular stressed)
âvâzé-i (definite relative singular)
âvâzé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
آوازههایی (definite plural relative)
آوازههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
âvâze-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
âvâze-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
آوازهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
آوازهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
âvâzeấ-yi (definite plural relative)
âvâzeấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
آوازهام (first-person possessive singular)
âvâzé-am (first-person possessive singular)
آوازم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âvâzám (first-person possessive singular)
آوازههایم (first-person possessive singular)
âvâze-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
آوازههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
âvâzeấm (first-person possessive singular)
آوازهات (possessive second-person singular)
âvâzé-at (possessive second-person singular)
آوازت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âvâzát (possessive second-person singular)
آوازههایت (possessive second-person singular)
âvâze-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
آوازههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
âvâzeất (possessive second-person singular)
آوازهاش (possessive singular third-person)
âvâzé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
آوازش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âvâzáš (possessive singular third-person)
آوازههایش (possessive singular third-person)
âvâze-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
آوازههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
âvâzeấš (possessive singular third-person)
آوازهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(âvâzé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
آوازهمون، آوازمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âvâzámun (first-person plural possessive)
آوازههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
âvâze-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
آوازههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
âvâzeấmun (first-person plural possessive)
آوازهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(âvâzé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
آوازهتون، آوازتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âvâzátun (plural possessive second-person)
آوازههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
âvâze-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
آوازههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
âvâzeấtun (plural possessive second-person)
آوازهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(âvâzé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
آوازهشون، آوازشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âvâzášun (plural possessive third-person)
آوازههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
âvâze-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
آوازههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
âvâzeấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zǽ]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zǽ]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zǽ]

[ʔɔː.wɔː.zǽ]

[ʔɒː.vɒː.zé]

af

آواز (âvâz) + ـه (e)


آوازه

head

آوازه • (âvâze)

fa-noun

آوازه • (âvâze)

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zä]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zä]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zä]

[ʔɔː.wɔː.zä]

Borrowed from Sogdian ʾʾwzyy (*ōwazē) (Manichean), ʾʾwzʾk (*āwaze, *āwāz), possibly from Akkadian 𒍪𒀊 (apsu), Sumerian 𒍪𒀊 (abzu). Possibly related to Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾpzn' /ābzan/), Old Armenian աւազ (awaz, “sand”), and Arabic حَوْض (ḥawḍ).

cog

آبهایی که آن را بطیحه خوانند بسیار است ولیکن آنچه معروف است نُه بطیحه است ... و هفتم بطیحه بخارا، آن را آوازه بیکند خوانند، اندر بیابان است.

10th century, Ḥudūd-ul-ʿĀlam, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

There are a lot of waters which are called swamps, but those which are [the most] famous are nine ... and the seventh—the swamp of Bukhara, it is known as Āwāza of Baykand, [it] is in desert.

âb-hâê ki ân râ batîha xwânand bisyâr ast valîkan ânča ma'rûf ast nuh batîha ast ... va haftum batîha-i buxârâ, ân râ âvâza-i baykand xwânand, andar bêâbân ast.

Abul-fazl-i Bayhaqī (11th century) Tārīx-i Bayhaqī (in Persian): “و او فرموده بود تا اوازها ساخته بودند از بهر حواصل گرفتن و دیگر مرغان را. ― va û farmûda bûd tâ âvâz-hâ sâxta bûdand az bahr-i havâsîl giriftan u dîgar murğân râ.”


سربازها

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سربازها • (sarbâz-hâ)

سرباز سرباز#Persian


تظاهر

تظاهر • (tazâhor) (plural تظاهرات (tazâhorât))

[t̪ʰä.zɑː.ɦʊ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰä.zɑː.ɦʊ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰä.zɑː.wʊ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰä.zɔː.wúɾ]

[t̪ʰæ.zɒː.ɦóɹ]

[t̪ʰä.zɔ.ɦúɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَظَاهُر (taẓāhur).

کسانی به اسلام تظاهر میکند و عملا پایههای آن را منهدم میسازد و با احکام و قوانین قرآن جنگ میکند، هرگز مسلمان نیست.

A person who pretends to be a follower of Islam while in deed he destroys its foundations and wars against the decrees and rules of the Qur'an, is not a Muslim at all.

kasâni be eslâm tazâhor mikonad va amalan pâyehâ-ye ân râ monhadem misâzad va bâ ahkâm o qavânin-e qor'ân jang mikonad, hargez mosalmân nist.

تظاهرات تظاهرات#Persian

(mainly in the plural تظاهرات) political demonstration, march


سربازخانه

سربازخانه • (sarbâzxâne) (plural سربازخانهها (sarbâzxâne-hâ))

sarbâzxâne (romanization)
سربازخانهها (plural)


کسشعر

کسشعر • (koseše'r,kosše'r) (plural کسشعرها (koseše'r,kosše'r-hâ))

koseše'r (romanization)
kosše'r (romanization)
کسشعرها (plural)
کسشعر (singular)
kosše'r (singular)
koseše'r (singular)
کسشعرها (plural)
kosše'r-hấ (plural)
koseše'r-hấ (plural)
کسشعرا (colloquial plural)
kosše'rấ (plural)
koseše'rấ (plural)
کسشعر را (definite direct-object singular)
kosše'r râ (definite direct-object singular)
koseše'r râ (definite direct-object singular)
کسشعر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kosše'ro (definite direct-object singular)
koseše'ro (definite direct-object singular)
کسشعرها را (definite direct-object plural)
kosše'r-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
koseše'r-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کسشعرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kosše'rấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
koseše'rấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کسشعر (ezafe singular)
kosše'r-e (ezafe singular)
koseše'r-e (ezafe singular)
کسشعرهای (ezafe plural)
kosše'r-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
koseše'r-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کسشعرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kosše'rấ-ye (ezafe plural)
koseše'rấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کسشعری (definite relative singular)
کسشعری (indefinite singular stressed)
kosše'r-i (definite relative singular)
kosše'r-i (indefinite singular stressed)
koseše'r-i (definite relative singular)
koseše'r-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کسشعرهایی (definite plural relative)
کسشعرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kosše'rấn-i, kosše'r-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kosše'rấn-i, kosše'r-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
kosše'rấn-i, koseše'r-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kosše'rấn-i, koseše'r-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
kosesše'r-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kosesše'r-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
koseseše'r-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
koseseše'r-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کسشعرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کسشعرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kosše'rấi (definite plural relative)
kosše'rấi (indefinite plural stressed)
koseše'rấi (definite plural relative)
koseše'rấi (indefinite plural stressed)
کسشعرم (first-person possessive singular)
kosše'ram (first-person possessive singular)
koseše'ram (first-person possessive singular)
کسشعرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kosše'r-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
koseše'r-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کسشعرهام، کسشعرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kosše'rấm (first-person possessive singular)
koseše'rấm (first-person possessive singular)
کسشعرت (possessive second-person singular)
kosše'rat (possessive second-person singular)
koseše'rat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kosše'ret (possessive second-person singular)
koseše'ret (possessive second-person singular)
کسشعرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kosše'r-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
koseše'r-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کسشعرهات، کسشعرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kosše'rất (possessive second-person singular)
koseše'rất (possessive second-person singular)
کسشعرش (possessive singular third-person)
kosše'raš (possessive singular third-person)
koseše'raš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kosše'reš (possessive singular third-person)
koseše'reš (possessive singular third-person)
کسشعرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kosše'r-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
koseše'r-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کسشعرهاش، کسشعراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kosše'rấš (possessive singular third-person)
koseše'rấš (possessive singular third-person)
کسشعرمان (first-person plural possessive)
kosše'remân (first-person plural possessive)
koseše'remân (first-person plural possessive)
کسشعرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kosše'remun (first-person plural possessive)
koseše'remun (first-person plural possessive)
کسشعرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kosše'r-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
koseše'r-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کسشعرهامون، کسشعرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kosše'rấmun (first-person plural possessive)
koseše'rấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کسشعرتان (plural possessive second-person)
kosše'retân (plural possessive second-person)
koseše'retân (plural possessive second-person)
کسشعرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kosše'retun (plural possessive second-person)
koseše'retun (plural possessive second-person)
کسشعرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kosše'r-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
koseše'r-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کسشعرهاتون، کسشعراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kosše'rấtun (plural possessive second-person)
koseše'rấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کسشعرشان (plural possessive third-person)
kosše'rešân (plural possessive third-person)
koseše'rešân (plural possessive third-person)
کسشعرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kosše'rešun (plural possessive third-person)
koseše'rešun (plural possessive third-person)
کسشعرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kosše'r-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
koseše'r-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کسشعرهاشون، کسشعراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kosše'rấšun (plural possessive third-person)
koseše'rấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[kʰʊ.sɪ.ʃɪ́ɾ]

[kʰʊ.sɪ.ʃɪ́ɾ]

[kʰʊ.sɪ.ʃɪ́ɾ]

From either:
* کرسیشعر (korsi-še'r, “meaningless poems that were composed at Korsis”).
* کس (kos) + شعر (še'r).

میشه لُطفاً اینقَدر کُسِشِعر َنَگی؟

Would you please stop saying so much bullshit?

توَ دَر زَمینِهٔ کُسِشِعر گُفتَن اِستِعداد خارِقاُلعادهای داری

You have an extraordinary talent for talking bullshit

to dar zamine-ye koseše'r goftan este'dâd-e xâreq-ol-'âdde-i dâri

این جُملهها روَ بایَد به عُنوان «کُسِشِعر هَفته» اِنتِخاب کُنیم

We should choose "bullshit of the week" title for these sentences

in jomle-hâ ro bâyad be 'onvân-e "koseše'r-e hafte" entexâb konim


خسته‌خانه

خستهخانه • (xaste-xâne) (plural خستهخانهها (xaste-xâne-hâ))

خستهخانه (canonical)
xaste-xâne (romanization)
خستهخانهها (plural)
خستهخانه
xaste-xâné
خستهخانهٔ (ezafe)
xaste-xâné-ye (ezafe)
خستهخانهای (definite relative)
خستهخانهای (indefinite stressed)
xaste-xâné-i (definite relative)
xaste-xâné-i (indefinite stressed)
خستهخانهام (first-person possessive singular)
xaste-xâné-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xaste-xânám (first-person possessive singular)
خستهخانهمان (first-person plural possessive)
xaste-xâné-ye-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xaste-xâné-mân, xaste-xânámun (first-person plural possessive)
خستهخانهات (possessive second-person singular)
xaste-xâné-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xaste-xânát (possessive second-person singular)
خستهخانهتان (plural possessive second-person)
xaste-xâné-ye-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xaste-xâné-tân, xaste-xânátun (plural possessive second-person)
خستهخانهاش (possessive singular third-person)
xaste-xâné-aš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xaste-xânáš (possessive singular third-person)
خستهخانهشان (plural possessive third-person)
xaste-xâné-ye-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xaste-xâné-šân, xaste-xânášun (plural possessive third-person)
خستهخانهام (first-person predicative singular)
xaste-xâné-am (first-person predicative singular)
خستهخانهام، خستهخانم (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
xaste-xânám (first-person predicative singular)
خستهخانهایم (first-person plural predicative)
xaste-xâné-im (first-person plural predicative)
خستهخانهای (predicative second-person singular)
xaste-xâné-i (predicative second-person singular)
خستهخانهاید (plural predicative second-person)
xaste-xâné-id (plural predicative second-person)
خستهخانهاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xaste-xâné-in (plural predicative second-person)
خستهخانه است (predicative singular third-person)
xaste-xâné ast (predicative singular third-person)
خستهخانهئه، خستهخانس (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xaste-xâné-e, xaste-xânás (predicative singular third-person)
خستهخانهاند (plural predicative third-person)
xaste-xâné-and (plural predicative third-person)
خستهخانهان، خستهخانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xaste-xâné-an, xaste-xânán (plural predicative third-person)

Tajik: хастахона (xastaxona)

→ Azerbaijani: xəstəxana

→ Northern Kurdish: xestexane／خەستەخانە

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خستهخانه (hastahane)
Turkish: hastane
→ Iraqi Arabic: خَسْتَخَانَة (ḵastaḵāna)
→ North Levantine Arabic: خَسْتَخَانَة (ḵastaḵāna)
→ Crimean Tatar: hastahane

[χäs.t̪ʰä.χɔ.nä]


دستشویی

head

دَسْتْشویی • (dastšuyi)

fa-noun

دَسْتْشویی • (dastšuyi)

دَسْتْشویی (canonical)
dastšuyi (romanization)

دَسْت (dast, “hand”) + شوی (šuy, present stem of شستن (šostan, “to wash”)) + ـی (-i).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شستن</i> (šostan, “to wash”)

دَسْتْشویی کُجاسْت؟


فن

head

فن • (fann) (plural فنها (fann-hâ) or فنون (fonun))

fann (romanization)
فنها (plural)
فنون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic فَنّ (fann), from Persian پند (pand, “knack, trick”).

فنون روایت

فنون نفوذ

فنون ماهیگیری

موش تا انبار ما حفره زده ست
وز فنش انبار ما ویران شده ست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 379:

Since the mouse has made a hole in our barn, and our barn has been ravaged by its guile […]

mūš tā anbār-i mā hufra zada-st
w-az fan-aš anbar-i mā wērān šuda-st


فن

پنکه پنکه#Persian

Synonym of پنکه (panke, “electrical fan (used in houses)”).


فن

Borrowed from English fan, short for fanatic.


تقیه

Borrowed from Arabic تَقِيَّة (taqiyya).


انسان کامل

انسان کامل • (ensân-e kâmel)

fa-noun

انسان کامل • (ensân-e kâmel)

desc

Ottoman Turkish: انسان كامل (insan-ı kâmil)

Turkish: insan-ı kâmil

Urdu: انسان کامل (insān-i kāmil)


رباعی

head

رباعی • (robâ'i) (plural رباعیات (robâ'iyyât))

[ɾu.βɑː.ˈʔiː]

[rʊ.bɑː.ʔíː]

[rʊ.bɑː.ʔíː]

[ɹo.bɒː.ʔíː]

Borrowed from Arabic رُبَاعِيّ (rubāʕiyy), related to أَرْبَعَة (ʔarbaʕa, “four”).


شهادت

head

شهادت • (šahâdat) (plural شهادتها (šahâdat-hâ))

[ʃä.ɦɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʃä.ɦɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʃɑːɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʃɔːɔː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʃæ.ɦɒː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʃä.ɦɔ.d̪ǽt̪]

Etymology tree
Arabic شَهِدَ (šahida)
Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda)bor.
Persian شهادتBorrowed from Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda), from شَهِدَ (šahida).

etymon

شهادت میدهم که این خانم هیچ کاری نکرد.

I give my word that this lady did not do anything.

šahâdat mi-deham ke in xânom hič kâri na-kard.


شوهرخاله

head

شوهرخاله • (šowharxâle) (plural شوهرخالهها (šowharxâle-hâ))

šowharxâle (romanization)
شوهرخالهها (plural)
شوهرخاله (singular)
šowharxâlé (singular)
شوهرخالهها (plural)
šowharxâle-hấ (plural)
شوهرخالها (colloquial plural)
šowharxâleấ (plural)
شوهرخاله را (definite direct-object singular)
šowharxâlé râ (definite direct-object singular)
شوهرخاله رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
šowharxâlá ro (definite direct-object singular)
شوهرخالهها را (definite direct-object plural)
šowharxâle-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
شوهرخالها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
šowharxâleấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
شوهرخالهٔ (ezafe singular)
šowharxâlé-ye (ezafe singular)
شوهرخالههای (ezafe plural)
šowharxâle-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شوهرخالهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
šowharxâleấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شوهرخالهای (definite relative singular)
شوهرخالهای (indefinite singular stressed)
šowharxâlé-i (definite relative singular)
šowharxâlé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
شوهرخالههایی (definite plural relative)
شوهرخالههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
šowharxâle-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
šowharxâle-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
شوهرخالهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
شوهرخالهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
šowharxâleấ-yi (definite plural relative)
šowharxâleấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
شوهرخالهام (first-person possessive singular)
šowharxâlé-am (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرخالم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
šowharxâlám (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرخالههایم (first-person possessive singular)
šowharxâle-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرخالههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
šowharxâleấm (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرخالهات (possessive second-person singular)
šowharxâlé-at (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرخالت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šowharxâlát (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرخالههایت (possessive second-person singular)
šowharxâle-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرخالههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šowharxâleất (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرخالهاش (possessive singular third-person)
šowharxâlé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرخالش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šowharxâláš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرخالههایش (possessive singular third-person)
šowharxâle-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرخالههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šowharxâleấš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرخالهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(šowharxâlé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرخالهمون، شوهرخالمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šowharxâlámun (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرخالههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
šowharxâle-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرخالههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šowharxâleấmun (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرخالهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(šowharxâlé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرخالهتون، شوهرخالتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šowharxâlátun (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرخالههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
šowharxâle-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرخالههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šowharxâleấtun (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرخالهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(šowharxâlé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
شوهرخالهشون، شوهرخالشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šowharxâlášun (plural possessive third-person)
شوهرخالههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
šowharxâle-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
شوهرخالههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šowharxâleấšun (plural possessive third-person)


زحمت

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़हमत (zahmat)

Urdu: زحمت


تمبک

تمبک • (tombak) (plural تمبکها (tombak-hâ))

تنبک تنبک#Persian