گونیا

head

گونیا • (guniyâ) (plural گونیاها (guniyâ-hâ))

guniyâ (romanization)
گونیاها (plural)
گونیا (singular)
guniyấ (singular)
گونیاها (plural)
guniyâ-hấ (plural)
گونیا را (definite direct-object singular)
guniyấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
گونیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
guniyấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
گونیاها را (definite direct-object plural)
guniyâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
گونیاها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
guniyâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
گونیای (ezafe singular)
guniyấ-ye (ezafe singular)
گونیاهای (ezafe plural)
guniyâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گونیایی (definite relative singular)
گونیایی (indefinite singular stressed)
guniyấ-i (definite relative singular)
guniyấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
گونیاهایی (definite plural relative)
گونیاهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
guniyâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
guniyâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
گونیایم (first-person possessive singular)
guniyấyam (first-person possessive singular)
گونیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
guniyấm (first-person possessive singular)
گونیاهایم (first-person possessive singular)
guniyâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
گونیاهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
guniyâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
گونیایت (possessive second-person singular)
guniyấyat (possessive second-person singular)
گونیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
guniyất (possessive second-person singular)
گونیاهایت (possessive second-person singular)
guniyâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
گونیاهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
guniyâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
گونیایش (possessive singular third-person)
guniyấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
گونیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
guniyấš (possessive singular third-person)
گونیاهایش (possessive singular third-person)
guniyâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
گونیاهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
guniyâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
گونیایمان (first-person plural possessive)
guniyấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
گونیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
guniyấmun (first-person plural possessive)
گونیاهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
guniyâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
گونیاهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
guniyâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
گونیایتان (plural possessive second-person)
guniyấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
گونیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
guniyấtun (plural possessive second-person)
گونیاهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
guniyâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
گونیاهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
guniyâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
گونیایشان (plural possessive third-person)
guniyấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
گونیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
guniyấšun (plural possessive third-person)
گونیاهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
guniyâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
گونیاهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
guniyâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle; joiner's square; cornerstone”), probably via Classical Syriac ܓܘܢܝܐ (gōnyā).


نوستالژی

head

نوستالژی • (nostâlži)

fa-noun

نوستالژی • (nostâlži)


شانه‌بسر

head

شانهبسر • (šâne-besar)

fa-noun

شانهبسر • (šâne-besar)

شانهبسر (canonical)
šâne-besar (romanization)
شانهبسر (singular)
šâne-besar (singular)
شانهبسرها (plural)
šâne-besar-hấ (plural)
شانهبسرا (colloquial plural)
šâne-besarấ (plural)
شانهبسر را (definite direct-object singular)
šâne-besar râ (definite direct-object singular)
شانهبسر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
šâne-besaro (definite direct-object singular)
شانهبسرها را (definite direct-object plural)
šâne-besar-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
شانهبسرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
šâne-besarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
شانهبسر (ezafe singular)
šâne-besar-e (ezafe singular)
شانهبسرهای (ezafe plural)
šâne-besar-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شانهبسرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
šâne-besarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شانهبسری (definite relative singular)
شانهبسری (indefinite singular stressed)
šâne-besar-i (definite relative singular)
šâne-besar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
شانهبسرهایی (definite plural relative)
شانهبسرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
šâne-besarấn-i, šâne-besar-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
šâne-besarấn-i, šâne-besar-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
شانهبسرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
شانهبسرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
šâne-besarấi (definite plural relative)
šâne-besarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
شانهبسرم (first-person possessive singular)
šâne-besaram (first-person possessive singular)
شانهبسرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
šâne-besar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
شانهبسرهام، شانهبسرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
šâne-besarấm (first-person possessive singular)
شانهبسرت (possessive second-person singular)
šâne-besarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šâne-besaret (possessive second-person singular)
شانهبسرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
šâne-besar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
شانهبسرهات، شانهبسرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šâne-besarất (possessive second-person singular)
شانهبسرش (possessive singular third-person)
šâne-besaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šâne-besareš (possessive singular third-person)
شانهبسرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
šâne-besar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
شانهبسرهاش، شانهبسراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šâne-besarấš (possessive singular third-person)
شانهبسرمان (first-person plural possessive)
šâne-besaremân (first-person plural possessive)
شانهبسرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šâne-besaremun (first-person plural possessive)
شانهبسرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
šâne-besar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
شانهبسرهامون، شانهبسرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šâne-besarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
شانهبسرتان (plural possessive second-person)
šâne-besaretân (plural possessive second-person)
شانهبسرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šâne-besaretun (plural possessive second-person)
شانهبسرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
šâne-besar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
شانهبسرهاتون، شانهبسراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šâne-besarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
شانهبسرشان (plural possessive third-person)
šâne-besarešân (plural possessive third-person)
شانهبسرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šâne-besarešun (plural possessive third-person)
شانهبسرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
šâne-besar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
شانهبسرهاشون، شانهبسراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šâne-besarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From شانه (šâne, “comb”) + به (be, “on”) + سر (sar, “head”).


پوپک

head

پوپک • (pupak) (plural پوپکها (pupak-hâ))

pupak (romanization)
پوپکها (plural)
پوپک (singular)
pupak (singular)
پوپکها (plural)
pupak-hấ (plural)
پوپکا (colloquial plural)
pupakấ (plural)
پوپک را (definite direct-object singular)
pupak râ (definite direct-object singular)
پوپک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
pupako (definite direct-object singular)
پوپکها را (definite direct-object plural)
pupak-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
پوپکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
pupakấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پوپک (ezafe singular)
pupak-e (ezafe singular)
پوپکهای (ezafe plural)
pupak-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پوپکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
pupakấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پوپکی (definite relative singular)
پوپکی (indefinite singular stressed)
pupak-i (definite relative singular)
pupak-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پوپکهایی (definite plural relative)
پوپکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
pupakấn-i, pupak-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
pupakấn-i, pupak-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
پوپکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پوپکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
pupakấi (definite plural relative)
pupakấi (indefinite plural stressed)
پوپکم (first-person possessive singular)
pupakam (first-person possessive singular)
پوپکهایم (first-person possessive singular)
pupak-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
پوپکهام، پوپکام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
pupakấm (first-person possessive singular)
پوپکت (possessive second-person singular)
pupakat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
pupaket (possessive second-person singular)
پوپکهایت (possessive second-person singular)
pupak-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
پوپکهات، پوپکات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
pupakất (possessive second-person singular)
پوپکش (possessive singular third-person)
pupakaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
pupakeš (possessive singular third-person)
پوپکهایش (possessive singular third-person)
pupak-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
پوپکهاش، پوپکاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
pupakấš (possessive singular third-person)
پوپکمان (first-person plural possessive)
pupakemân (first-person plural possessive)
پوپکمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
pupakemun (first-person plural possessive)
پوپکهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
pupak-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
پوپکهامون، پوپکامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
pupakấmun (first-person plural possessive)
پوپکتان (plural possessive second-person)
pupaketân (plural possessive second-person)
پوپکتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
pupaketun (plural possessive second-person)
پوپکهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
pupak-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
پوپکهاتون، پوپکاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
pupakấtun (plural possessive second-person)
پوپکشان (plural possessive third-person)
pupakešân (plural possessive third-person)
پوپکشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
pupakešun (plural possessive third-person)
پوپکهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
pupak-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
پوپکهاشون، پوپکاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
pupakấšun (plural possessive third-person)


گدار

گدار • (godâr) (plural گدارها (godâr-hâ))


نشئه

نشئه • (naš'e) (plural نشئهها (naš'e-hâ))

→ Kazakh: наша (naşa)

→ Russian: анаша (anaša)

→ Uzbek: nasha

⇒ Urdu: نشہ (naśā)

desctree

⇒ Hindi: नशा (naśā)
→ Kannada: ನಶೆ (naśe)
Mauritian Creole: nisa

→ Azerbaijani: nəşə

→ Turkish: neşe


قرمطی

head

قرمطی • (qarmati) (plural قرمطیان (qarmatiân) or قرامطه (qarâmate))

qarmati (romanization)
قرمطیان (plural)
قرامطه (plural)

[qäɾ.mä.t̪ʰíː]

[qäɾ.mä.t̪ʰíː]

[qäɾ.mä.t̪ʰíː]

[qæɹ.mæ.t̪ʰíː]

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqīhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150328224423/http://www.iust.ac.ir/find.php?item=10.1654.1059.fa
به این خلیفهٔ خرف شده بباید نبشت که من از بهر عباسیان انگشت در کردهام در همهٔ جهان و قرمطی میجویم و آنچه یافته آید و درست گردد بر دار میکشند، و اگر مرا درست شدی که حسنک قرمطی است خبر به امیرالمؤمنین رسیدی که در باب وی چه رفتی. وی را من پروردهام و با فرزندان و برادران من برابر است. اگر وی قرمطی است من هم قرمطی باشم. هر چند آن سخن پادشاهانه نبود، بدیوان آمدم و چنان نبشتم
"ba în xalîfa-i xarif šuda bi-bâyad nibišt ki man az bahr-i abbâsiyân angušt dar karda-am dar hama-i jahân u qarmatî mê-jôyam u ân-či yâfta âyad u durust gardad bar dâr mê-kašand, va agar marâ durust šudê ki hasanak qarmatî ast xabar ba amîrulmu'minîn rasîdê ki dar bâb-i vay či raftê. vay râ man parvarda-am u bâ farzandân u barâdarân-i man barâbar ast. agar vay qarmatî ast man ham qarmatî bâšam." har čand ân suxan-i pâdišâhâna nabûd, ba-dîvân âmadam u čunîn nibištam.

"Such should be written to this senile Caliph, that because of Abbasids I have sought in all of the world and look for Qarmatians, and the ones that are found and are proven would be hanged, and if it becomes proven to me that Hasanak is a Qarmatian, the news would reach the Amir al-Mu'minin that what would happen to him. He has been raised by me and is equal to my children and brothers. If he is a Qarmatian, I would be a Qarmatian, too." Although it was not a royal speech, I came to the divan and wrote as such.


لاژورد

lâžvard (romanization)
lâžavard (romanization)

[lɑː.ʒä.wäɹd̪]

[lɑːʒ.wäɹd̪]

[lɑː.ʒä.wäɹd̪]

[lɑːʒ.wäɹd̪]

[lɑː.ʒä.wäɹd̪]

[lɑːʒ.wäɹd̪]

[lɔː.ʒä.wäɹd̪̥]

[lɔːʒ.wäɹd̪̥]

[lɒː.ʒæ.væɹd̪̥]

[lɒːʒ.væɹd̪̥]

لاجورد لاجورد#Persian


لاجورد

lâjvard (romanization)
lâjavard (romanization)

Malay: lazuardi (لازواردي)

Indonesian: lazuardi

desc

Tajik: ложвард (ložvard), лоҷвард (lojvard), лоҷувард (lojuvard)

desctree

→ Arabic: لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: λαζούριον (lazoúrion), λαζούριν (lazoúrin)
Greek: λαζούρι (lazoúri), λαζούριον (lazoúrion)
→⇒ Coptic: ⲁ̀ⲥⲓⲗⲱⲛ (àsilōn)
→ Medieval Latin: lazulum, lapis lazuli, lazurius, lazurium, lazur, azzurum, azura, azolum
→ English: lapis lazuli
→ Italian: azzurro
→ Middle High German: lāsūr, lāzūr
German: Lazur
→ Czech: lazur
→ Polish: lazur
→ Russian: лазу́рь (lazúrʹ)
→ Old French: azur
French: azur
→ Middle English: asure, asur, asour, azur, azour, azure
English: azure
Scots: asure
→ Welsh: asur
→ Portuguese: azur
→ Spanish: azur
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: azur
Galician: azul
Portuguese: azul
→ Old Spanish: azur
Spanish: azul

→ Azerbaijani: lacivərd

→ Chagatai: لاجورد

Uyghur: لاجىۋەرد (lajiwerd)

Uzbek: lojuvard

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܐܙܘܪܕ (lāʾzward), ܠܙܘܪܕ (lāzward)

→ English: lajvard

ლაჟვარდოვანი

→ Georgian: ლაჟვარდი (lažvardi), ლაჟვარდოვანი (lažvardovani)

→ Gujarati: લાજવર્દ (lājvard)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाजवर्द (lājvard)

Urdu: لاجورد (lājavard, lājvard), لاژورد (lāžuvard, lāžvard)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: لاجەوەرد (lacewerd), لاجیوەرد (lacîwerd)

Northern Kurdish: lacwerd, laciwerd, lajwerd, lajiwerd

→ Middle Armenian: լազուարթ (lazuartʻ), լազվարդ (lazvard), լազուվարդ (lazuvard), լազուարդ (lazuard), լազուար (lazuar), լաժուարդ (lažuard), լաժուրդ (lažurd), լաջուարդ (laǰuard), լաջվարդ (laǰvard), լաճվարդ (lačvard), լաճվարտ (lačvart), լաճիվարդ (lačivard), լաճուարտ (lačuart),

Armenian: լաջվարդ (laǰvard)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لاجورد (lâceverd), لاژورد (lâjverd)

Turkish: lacivert

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਾਜਵਰਦ (lājward)

Shahmukhi script: لاجورد (lājward)

→ Sanskrit: राजावर्त (rājāvarta), लाजवर्त (lājavarta), राजपट्ट (rājapaṭṭa)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (rʾcβrt /rājβart/), [script needed] (rʾzβrt /rājwart/, “Rajwart (name of the king of elephants)”)

→ Sindhi: لاجَوَرْدُ

→ Sindhi: لاجَوَرْدُ

[lɑːd͡ʒ.ˈwaɾð]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɔːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪̥]

[lɔː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪̥]

[lɒːd͡ʒ.vǽɹd̪̥]

Usually considered to be from the place name لاژورد (Lāžvard) in Badakhshan where the stone was mined.
The first component, لاژ, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”) and cognate to Old Irish glas.
But according to Bailey, the second component goes back to Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”) and is cognate with Wakhi wurt (“stone”), Northern Kurdish ber (“stone”), Central Kurdish بەرد (berd, “stone”), Northern Luri بٱرد (bard, “stone”), Khotanese [script needed] (ūḍāra-, “crystal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to press together”), for which Pokorny cites Ancient Greek εἴλω (eílō, “to roll up, pack close”), Latin vulgus (“the public; a crowd”), and Proto-Slavic *vȃlъ (“roll; wave; barrage, heap”) as cognates.

lang

لاجورد بدخشی

لاجورد بدخشی

cog

982, Hudūd al-'Ālam
و اندر بدخشان معدن سیم است و زر و بیجاده و لاجورد.
va andar badaxšân ma'dan-i sêm ast u zar u bîjâda u lâjavard.
and in Badakhshan there are mines of silver, gold, ruby, and lapis lazuli.


آشیانه

head

آشیانه • (âšiyâne) (plural آشیانهها (âšiyâne-hâ))

âšiyâne (romanization)
آشیانهها (plural)

آشیونه "Ashiyouneh"
از این گوشه دنیا
به اون گوشه دنیا
منو به آشیونه
به یارم میرسونه
az in guše-ye donyâ
be un guše-ye donyâ
man-o be âšiyune
be yâram mi-resune
from this corner of the world
to that corner of the world
to my nest,
to my beloved, it delivers me


خواب‌آور

خوابآور • (xâb-âvar) (plural خوابآورها (xâb-âvar-hâ))

خوابآور (canonical)
xâb-âvar (romanization)
خوابآورها (plural)

soporific (a medication that induces sleep)


تیرگی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तीरगी (tīrgī)

Urdu: تِیرَگی (tīragī)

[t̪ʰiː.ɾä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰiː.ɾä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰiː.ɾä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰi.ɾä.ɡí]

[t̪ʰiː.ɹe.ɡʲíː]

[t̪ʰi.ɾä.ɡí]


ایمان‌دار

ایماندار • (imân-dâr)

fa-noun

ایماندار • (imân-dâr)

ایماندار (canonical)
imân-dâr (romanization)

[ʔiː.mɑːn.ˈdɑːɾ]

[ʔiː.mɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔiː.mɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔiː.mɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔi.mɔːn̪.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔiː.mɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From ایمان (fayth, “tribute”) + ـدار (dâr).


زنبق

head

زنبق • (zanbaq) (plural زنبقها (zanbaq-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: zambaq, zanbaq

→ Georgian: ზამბახი (zambaxi)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զամբաղ (zambaġ), զամպաղ (zampaġ), զամպախ (zampax)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنبق (zambak), زانبق (zambak), زنباق (zambak)
Turkish: zambak
→ Albanian: zambak
→ Aromanian: zãmbácã
→ Bulgarian: замба́к (zambák), самба́к (sambák), дзъмба́к (dzǎmbák), тъмба́к (tǎmbák), зомба́к (zombák)
→ Greek: ζαμπάκι (zampáki), τσαμπάκι (tsampáki)
→ Macedonian: замбак (zambak)
→ Romanian: zambác
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: замбак
Latin script: zambak

Borrowed from Arabic زَنْبَق (zanbaq), from Middle Persian [script needed] (cmbk' /čambak/) (whence Old Armenian ճանբակ (čanbak)), related to Urdu چمپا / Hindi चंपा (campā), Punjabi چمپا (čampā, “jasmine in the broad sense”), which has been borrowed into Persian as چمپا (čampâ, “jasmine”). All via Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka) from Javanese cĕmpaka or another Malayo-Polynesian language, as reflected in Sundanese campaka, Balinese campaka, Minangkabau campagǒ, Madurese compaka, Makasar campaga, Buginese cepaga, Tombulu sampaka.


فیلمی

head

فیلمی • (filmi) (plural فیلمیها (filmi-hâ))


مادیان

مادیان • (mâdiyân) (plural مادیانها (mâdiyân-hâ))

mâdiyân (romanization)
مادیانها (plural)

→ Armenian: մադիան (madian)

→ Azerbaijani: madyan / مادیان

→ Ottoman Turkish: مادیان (mâdiyân)

→ Urdu: مادیان (mādiyān)

From Middle Persian mʾtygʾn (mādiyān). Akin to ماده (mâda, “female”).

977-1010, Firdawsī, Shāhnāma, "گفتار اندر داستان فرود سیاوش"
خروش دم مادیان یافت اسپ
بجوشید برسان آذرگشسپ
xurōš-i dum-i mādiyān yāft asp
bijōšīd bar-sān-i āḏargušasp

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1197, Nizāmī, Haft Paykar, "کشتن بهرام اژدها را و گنج یافتن"
آخرالامر مادیان گوری
آمد افکند در جهان شوری
āxar-ul-amr mādiyān gōrē
āmad afkand dar jahān šōrē

مادیانگور

mare; the female of a horse and sometimes other equine animal


طعم

Bashkir: тәм (təm)


تسبیح

تسبیح • (tasbih) (plural تسبیحها (tasbih-hâ))

→ Armenian: թազբեհ (tʻazbeh)

→ Bashkir: тиҫбе (tiśbe)

→ Bengali: তসবীহ (tosbiho)

→ Dongxiang: tesibihha

→ Uyghur: تەسۋى (teswi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तसबीह (tasbīh)

Urdu: تَسْبِیح (tasbīh)

→ Kazakh: тәсбих (täsbix)

→ Kyrgyz: теспе (tespe)

→ Salar: tesbiha

→ Uzbek: tasbeh

[t̪ʰäs.bíːʱ]

[t̪ʰäs.bíːʱ]

[t̪ʰæs.bíːʰ]


غوز

Middle Armenian: կուզ (kuz)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kubȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-, see also Latin cubō, Old English hype.


ضمیمه

ضَمِيمَه • (zamime) (plural ضمیمهها (zamime-hâ) or ضمائم (zamâ'em))

ضَمِيمَه (canonical)
zamime (romanization)
ضمیمهها (plural)
ضمائم (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़मीमा (zamīmā)

desctree

Urdu: ضَمِیمَہ (zamīma)
→ Malayalam: ജാമ്യം (jāmyaṁ)


جامه‌دان

head

جامهدان • (jâme-dân) (plural جامهدانها (jâme-dân-hâ))

جامهدان (canonical)
jâme-dân (romanization)
جامهدانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: çamadan

→ Kazakh: шабадан (şabadan)

→ Nogai: шемидан (şemidan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جامدان

→ Albanian: xhamadan

→ Romanian: geamantan, geamandan

→ Turkmen: çemedan

→ Urdu: جامَہ دان (jāma dān)

→ Belarusian: чамадан (čamadan)

→ Russian: чемода́н (čemodán) (see there for further descendants)

[d͡ʒɑː.ma.ˈðɑːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.mä.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.mä.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.mä.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɔː.mä.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɒː.mæ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

From جامه (jâme, “cloth”) + دان (dân, “container”).
Doublet of چمدان (čamedân).


کلنگ

kolang (romanization)
kolong (romanization)

→ Armenian: քլունգ (kʻlung, “pickaxe”)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كلنك (külünk, külüng, “pickaxe”) [since 13ᵗʰ century]

Azerbaijani: külüng

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كلنك (külünk), كولونك (külünk)
Turkish: külünk
→ Romanian: chilom

[kʰo.læɲɡʲ̥]

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, strike, break”). Compare کلند (koland).


کلنگ

head

کلنگ • (kolang) (plural کلنگها (kolang-hâ) or کلنگان (kolangân))

kolang (romanization)
کلنگها (plural)
کلنگان (plural)

[kʰo.læɲɡʲ̥]

Middle Persian [script needed] (klng /kulang/), possibly a remnant of a formation from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerh₂-.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish quling, Northern Luri [script needed] (qołeńg, “قولٛنڳ”)


قرض

desc

Assamese: কৰজ (koroz), কৰ্জ্জা (korzza), কৰ্জা (korza)

Baluchi: قرض

Bengali: কর্জ (korjo)

Gujarati: કરજ (karaj)

Hindi: क़र्ज़ (qarz)

Konkani: कर्ज (karja)

Odia: କରଜ (karaja)

Marathi: कर्ज (karja)

Punjabi: ਕਰਜ਼ (karaz)

Pashto: قرض

Sindhi: قَرْضُ


دردمند

head

دردمند • (dardmand) (plural دردمندان (dardmandân) or دردمندها (dardmand-hâ))

dardmand (romanization)
دردمندان (plural)
دردمندها (plural)

[d̪äɹd̪.mǽn̪d̪̥]

[d̪æɹd̪.mǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian dltʾwmnd' (dardōmand, “ill, suffering”). Equivalent to درد (dard) + ـمند (mand).

inh

سرزمین من، خسته خسته از جفائی
 سرزمین من، بیسرود و بیصدائی
 سرزمین من، دردمند بیدوائی

1998, Dawood Sarkhosh, “Sarzamin-e-Man”, in Sarzamin-e-Man:

sarzamīn-i man, xasta xasta az jafā-ī
 sarzamīn-i man, bē-surūd u bē-sadā-ī
 sarzamīn-i man, dardmand-i bē-dawā-ī


هجران

head

هجران • (hejrân)

fa-noun

هجران • (hejrân)

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[ʔid͡ʒ.ɾɔ́ːn]

غم هجران

Grief for being away from one's friend, beloved, or homeland

18th century, Hatef Esfehani
کجایی در شب هجران که زاریهای من بینی؟
چو شمع از چشم گریان اشکباریهای من بینی؟
kojâyi dar šab-e hejrân ke zâri-hâ-ye man bini?
čo šam' az čašm-e geryân ašk-bâri-hâ-ye man bini?

(poetic) a separation or remoteness from one's friend, beloved, or homeland


چایدان

head

چایدان • (čâydân) (plural چایدانها (čâydân-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: çaydan

→ Georgian: ჩაიდანი (čaidani)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (çaydan)

Turkish: çaydan

→ North Levantine Arabic: تشايدان (tšāydān)

→ Uyghur: چايدان (chaydan)

→ Urdu: چا دان (chā-dān), چائے دان (chāe-dān)

[t͡ʃɑːj.ˈdɑːn]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäj.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰɒːj.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰɔj.d̪ɔ́n]

From چای (čây, “tea”) + ـدان (-dân, “container”).

af

a vessel in which dried tea is kept, tea caddy


دژاوو

head

دژاوو • (dežâvu)

fa-noun

دژاوو • (dežâvu)


رغبت

رغبت کوی خرابات کنند اهل بهشت
که بدانند که در بی سر و سامانی چیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 126:

The people of paradise desire the alley of the tavern,
For they know what it is to be destitute.

rağbat-i kō-yi xarābāt kunand ahl-i bihišt
ki bidānand ki dar bē sar u sāmānī čīst


ریجکس

head

ریجکس • (rijeks) (plural ریجکسها (rijeks-hâ))


زایچه

زایچه • (zâyče) (plural زایچهها (zâyče-hâ))

Arabic: زَايْجَة (zāyja)

Ottoman Turkish: زیج (zâyiçe)

Turkish: zayiçe

Tatar: зайичә (zayiçä)

Urdu: زائچہ (zaicha)


کاریزها

کاریزها • (kârêz-hâ)

کاریز کاریز#Persian


زیگ

From Middle Persian 𐫉𐫏𐫏𐫃 (zyyg /zīg/), 𐫉𐫙𐫏𐫃 (zʿyg /zīg/), alternative form of zyh (zīh, “cord; bowstring”), whence Persian زه (zeh, “cord; bowstring”). The former word has also been borrowed as Arabic زِيج (zīj), زِيق (zīq) and from this Persian زیج (zij).


تکوک

تکوک • (takôk) (plural تکوکها (takôk-hâ))

takôk (romanization)
تکوکها (plural)
تکوک (singular)
takôk (singular)
تکوکها (plural)
takôk-hấ (plural)
تکوکا (colloquial plural)
takôkấ (plural)
تکوک را (definite direct-object singular)
takôk râ (definite direct-object singular)
تکوک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
takôko (definite direct-object singular)
تکوکها را (definite direct-object plural)
takôk-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
تکوکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
takôkấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
تکوک (ezafe singular)
takôk-e (ezafe singular)
تکوکهای (ezafe plural)
takôk-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تکوکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
takôkấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تکوکی (definite relative singular)
تکوکی (indefinite singular stressed)
takôk-i (definite relative singular)
takôk-i (indefinite singular stressed)
تکوکهایی (definite plural relative)
تکوکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
takôkấn-i, takôk-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
takôkấn-i, takôk-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
تکوکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
تکوکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
takôkấi (definite plural relative)
takôkấi (indefinite plural stressed)

[t̪ʰä.kʰʊːk]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tkwk' /takōk/, “drinking vessel”). Compare Old Armenian թակոյկ (tʻakoyk) and Old Georgian ტაკუკი (ṭaḳuḳi).


تخته نرد

From تخته (taxte, “board”) + نرد (nard, “backgammon”).


نردشیر

From Middle Persian nywʾlthšyl (nēw-ardaxšīr, “backgammon”).


پاره

head

پاره • (pâre)

fa-noun

پاره • (pâre)

→ Abkhaz: аԥара (apara)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܦܵܪܹܐ (pārē)

→ Azerbaijani: para

→ Bengali: পারা (para)

→ Chagatai:

Uzbek: pora

→ Dongxiang: baer

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: پارہ (pāra)

→ Kazakh: пара (para)

→ Kyrgyz: бара (bara), пара (para)

→ Ossetian: пара (para)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاره (pare)
Turkish: para
→ German: Para
→ Swedish: para
→ Adyghe: парэ (parɛ)
→ Albanian: para, pare
→ Armenian: փարա (pʻara)
→ Bulgarian: пара (para)
→ Crimean Tatar: para
→ Georgian: ფარა (para)
→ Greek: παράς (parás)
→ Hungarian: para
→ Ladino: paras
→ Laz: ფარა (para), ფერე (pere) — Artasheni, Vitse
→ Macedonian: пари (pari)
→ Mingrelian: ფარა (para)
→ Romanian: para
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пара
Latin script: para
→ English: para

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pʾlk' /pārag/, “piece, part, portion”), also meaning "gift, offering, bribe".
In the sense of "gift": from Proto-Iranian *pāraka (“gift, offering”), from *pāra- (“giving”) + *-ka (“suffix”), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to give, provide”). Cognate with Sanskrit पॄ (pṝ, “to grant, bestow”), Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Old Irish ernaid (“to bestow, grant”).
In the sense of "piece": from Proto-Iranian *pāraka (“piece, part”), from Proto-Iranian *par- (“to separate, divide into parts”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to sell, exchange”), and cognate with Latin pars (“part, portion”).


کرفس

head

کرفس • (karafs) (plural کرفسها (karafs-hâ))

→ Arabic: كَرَفْس (karafs)

→ Azerbaijani: kərəviz

desc

→ Middle Armenian: կարոս (karos), կարաւս (karaws), կարօս (karōs), կարուս (karus), քարոս (kʻaros), քարաւս (kʻaraws), քարաւիս (kʻarawis), քարաւուզ (kʻarawuz), քրեւս (kʻrews), քրեֆս (kʻrefs), քրէֆս (kʻrēfs), քերեւս (kʻerews), քէրէֆս (kʻērēfs), քարսոն (kʻarson), կարսոն (karson)

→ Northern Kurdish: kerefs

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كرویز (kereviz, kerviz)
Turkish: kereviz
→ Armenian: քերեվիզ (kʻereviz)
→ Bulgarian: кереви́з (kerevíz), керви́з (kervíz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (karafs /klps/, “celery”). Akin to Transoxianan Persian obsolete کرویز (karaviz), Central Kurdish کەرەوز (kerewz), Classical Syriac ܟܪܦܣܐ (kerpəsā), Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás).


تعداد

head

تعداد • (te'dâd)

fa-noun

تعداد • (te'dâd)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तादाद (tādād)

Urdu: تعداد

[t̪ʰäʔ.d̪ɑːd̪]

[t̪ʰäʔ.d̪ɑːd̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.d̪ɔːd̪̥]

[t̪eʔd̪ɒːd̪̥]

تعداد مسلمانان دنیا تا سال ۲۰۵۰ تقریباً برابر با تعداد مسیحیان برابر یا از آنها بیشتر خواهد شد.
te'dâd-e mosalmânân-e donyâ tâ sâl 2050 taqriban barâbar bâ te'dâd-e masihiyân barâbar yâ az ân-hâ bištar xâhad šod.
The number of Muslims in the world by the year 2050 will become almost equal, equal, or larger than the number of Christians.


افزایش

head

اَفزایِش • (afzâyeš)

fa-noun

اَفزایِش • (afzâyeš)

اَفزایِش (canonical)
afzâyeš (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: افزائش (afzāiś)

[ʔäf.zɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäf.zɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäf.zɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

From افزای (afzây-, present stem of افزودن (afzudan, “to increase”)) + ـش (-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">افزودن</i> (afzudan, “to increase”)


گمرک

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كمرك ,گومروك (gümrük), from Byzantine Greek κομμέρκιον (kommérkion), from Latin commercium.

bor+

كمرك ,گومروك

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">gümrük</i>


میغ

→ Urdu: میغ (mēğ)

From Middle Persian myγ (mēγ, “cloud, mist”), from Parthian, from Proto-Iranian *Hmaygáh (compare Manichaean Parthian myg, Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬖𐬀- (maēγa-, “cloud”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmaygʰás (compare Sanskrit मेघ (megha, “cloud”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meygʰ- (“cloud, mist, fog”).
Related to Persian مه (meh), and cognate with Northern Kurdish mij.


نزم

From Parthian nyzmʾn (nizmān, “fog”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”). Cognate with English night.


مهره

head

مهره • (mohre) (plural مهرگان (mohregân) or مهرهها (mohre-hâ))

mohre (romanization)
مهرگان (plural)
مهرهها (plural)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Azerbaijani: möhrə
Ottoman Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Turkish: mühre

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwhlk' /muhrag/, “bead, vertebra, piece (in backgammon, etc.)”). Compare Parthian [script needed] (mwhrg /muhrag/). Equivalent to مهر (mohr, “seal”) + ـه (-e). Note especially the meanings of a polished parchment or papyrus found in Arabic مُهْرَق (muhraq), apart from Old Armenian մուրհակ (murhak, “deed”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מוהרק (mūhraq, “writ”) and the many senses of Sanskrit मुद्रा f (mudrā, “seal”), from which the meanings of a bead or shell must be transferred. For comparison, one even derived, by way of an absurd literary meaning-guessing, the sense of a “mirror” for سَجَنْجَل (sajanjal, “glossy papyrus leaves”), the original meaning being a hapax against copious abuse. Akin to Mazanderani میرکا (mirkâ, “bead”).

cog

shell of a mollusk or particularly the smaller kind thereof

grinding shell or stone or other polishing instrument


آله

head

آله • (âloh)

fa-noun

آله • (âloh)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwh /āluh/, “eagle”) (Manichaean Middle Persian [Manichaean needed] (ʾʾlwf /āluf/)). Compare Gilaki الوغ (aluğ), Mazanderani اله (alle), Northern Kurdish eylo / êlo, Central Kurdish ھەڵۆ (hello) and Bakhtiari آلو (âlō), as well as արծուի (arcui).
From Proto-Iranian *Hr̥jifyáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥ȷ́ipyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rǵ-i-pt-ió-s, from *h₂erǵ- (“white, glittering”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ər^əzifiia).


زره

→ Azerbaijani: zireh

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: زره (zirih, zirah)

→ Malay: zirah

→ Indonesian: zirah

→ Middle Armenian: զրեհ (zreh)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زره (zırıh, zırh)
Turkish: zırh
→ Armenian: զըրխ (zərx), զըռխ (zəṙx)
→ Crimean Tatar: zırh

→ Uzbek: zirh

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zlyh /zrēy, zrēh/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, to ring”).
Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀- (zrāδa-, “chainmail, linkings to armor”). Iranian borrowings include: Arabic زَرَد (zarad), Old Armenian զրահ (zrah), Old Georgian ზარადი (zaradi), Classical Syriac ܙܪܕܐ (zardā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic זַרְדָּא (zardā).


واش

From Middle Persian wʾš (wāš, “straw, fodder”), possibly via Mazanderani واش (“grass, hay, fodder”).


له

Cognate with Sanskrit रस (rasa). The original meaning must have meant "juice".


له

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish له (Leh, “Pole”), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ, “Pole”).


گنجور

head

گنجور • (ganjur) (plural گنجورها (ganjur-hâ) or گنجوران (ganjurân))

ganjur (romanization)
گنجورها (plural)
گنجوران (plural)

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡʲæn.d͡ʒúːɹ]

From earlier گنجوَر (ganjwar), from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭭𐭦𐭥𐭡𐭥 (gncwbl /ganjwar/) (Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (gnzwr /ganzwar/)), from Old Persian *ganzabarah, from Old Median *ganǰabarah.


قبا

head

قبا • (qabâ)

fa-noun

قبا • (qabâ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كبه (kebe, “blanket”)
Turkish: gebe

Reborrowed from Arabic قَبَاء (qabāʔ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (kpʾh /kabāh/, “garment, cloak”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”). Cognate to Central Kurdish کەوا (kewa, “long garment open in front”) and Khotanese [script needed] (khapa, “dress”). Perhaps cognate with Latin cappa (“cape”).


یاسا

From Middle Mongol ᠶᠣᠰᠤ (yosu, “rule, statute”), compare with modern Mongolian ёс (jos). Compare Ottoman Turkish یاساق (yasaq), Turkish yasak, yasa, Northern Kurdish yasa (“law, statute”), Central Kurdish یاسا (yasa, “law, statute”).

cog

و اگر سخن خویش برسید تو کی پاپاء کلان با کرل لان جمله بنفس خویش بخدمت ما بیایید هر فرمان یاساء کی باشد آن وقت بشنوانیم
wa agar saxun-i xwēš birasīd, tu, ki pāpā-i kalān, bā kiril lān (?), jumla ba xidmat-i mā biyāyēd, har farmān-i yāsā ki bāšad ān waqt bišnuwānēm.

1246, Letter of Güyük Khan to Pope Innocent IV, lines 8-9

If you should act up to your word, then you, the great Pope, should come in person with your kings to serve us, and thereupon we instruct you the commands of the Yassa.
Romanization of Classical Persian

1226-1283, Atā-Malik Juwaynī, Taʾrīx-i Jahāngušāy
و یاسا دادند که خاشاک جمع کردند و خندق آب را انباشتند.
wa yāsā dādand ki xāšāk jamʾ kardand u xandaq-i āb rā anbāštand


سنج

head

سنج • (senj, sanj) (plural سنجها (senj-hâ, sanj-hâ))

senj (romanization)
sanj (romanization)
سنجها (plural)


زرگر

زرگر • (zargar) (plural زرگرها (zargar-hâ) or زرگران (zargarân))

zargar (romanization)
زرگرها (plural)
زرگران (plural)

→ Armenian: զարգար (zargar)

→ Azerbaijani: zərgər

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रगर (zargar)

Urdu: زرگر (zargar)

→ Kazakh: зергер (zerger)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zlykl /zarr(ī)gar/, “goldsmith”). By surface analysis, زر (zarr, “gold”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).

surface analysis

نبض جست و روی سرخ و زرد شد
کز سمرقندی زرگر فرد شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 168:

Her pulse jumped and her face went red and pale, for she had been parted from a man of Samarcand, a goldsmith.

nabz just u rōy surx u zard šud
k-az samarqandī zargar fard šud


تصحیح

head

تَصْحیح • (tashih) (plural تَصْحیحها or تَصْحیحات)

تَصْحیح (canonical)
tashih (romanization)
تَصْحیحها (plural)
تَصْحیحات (plural)

[t̪ʰäs.híːʱ]

[t̪ʰäs.híːʱ]

[t̪ʰæs.híːʰ]

تصحیح اشتباه


میزراه

میزراه • (mizrâh)

fa-noun

میزراه • (mizrâh)

From میز (miz, “urine”) + راه (râh, “path”).


تیزاب

head

تیزاب • (têzâb)

fa-noun

تیزاب • (têzâb)

→ Azerbaijani: tizab (classical Azerbaijani)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तेज़ाब (tezāb)

Urdu: تیزاب (tezāb)

→ Pashto: تېزاب (tezāb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیزاب (tizap)
Turkish: tizap (historical)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਤੇਜਾਬ (tejāb), ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬ (tezāb), ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ (tizāb)

Shahmukhi script: تیزاب (tezāb)

[t̪ʰeː.zɔ́ːb̥]

[t̪ʰiː.zɒ́ːb̥]

(alchemy, historical) aqua fortis, nitric acid


اولویت

Borrowed from Arabic أَوْلَوِيَّة (ʔawlawiyya), from أَوْلَى (ʔawlā).

bor+

أَوْلَوِيَّة


چشا

head

چشا • (češ'â)

1996, Ebi, "Maste Cheshat", Atre To
اون دوتا مست چشات منو خوابم میکنه
on do-tâ mast-e češ'ât man-'o xâbam mi-kon-e


گیلانی

گیلانی • (gilâni)

fa-proper noun

گیلانی • (gilâni)

[ɡʲiːlɒːˈniː]


پیکربندی

From پیکر (peykar) + بند (-band) + ـی (-i).


خط کرسی

head

خط کرسی • (xatt-e korsi) (plural خطوط کرسی (xotut-e korsi) or خطهای کرسی (xat-hâ-ye korsi))

xatt-e korsi (romanization)
خطوط کرسی (plural)
خطهای کرسی (plural)


وضعیت

وَضعِیَّت • (vaz'iyyat) (plural وَضعِیَّتها (vaz'iyyat-hâ))

وَضعِیَّت (canonical)
vaz'iyyat (romanization)
وَضعِیَّتها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic وَضْعِيَّة (waḍʕiyya), equivalent to وضع (vaz') + ـیت (-iyyat).


دریاسالار

head

دریاسالار • (daryâsâlâr) (plural دریاسالارها (daryâsâlâr-hâ) or دریاسالاران (daryâsâlârân))

daryâsâlâr (romanization)
دریاسالارها (plural)
دریاسالاران (plural)


حکیم

حَکیم • (hakim) (plural حکیمان (hakimân))

حَکیم (canonical)
hakim (romanization)
حکیمان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हकीम (hakīm)

Urdu: حَکِیم (hakīm)

→ Gujarati: હકીમ (hakīm)

→ Punjabi: ਹਕੀਮ (hakīm)

اسکندر که بمرد، در تابوتی از طلایش نهادند و به اسکندریهاش بردند و گروهی از حکیمان بر وی زاری کردند.

When Alexander died, they put him in a golden coffin and took him to Alexandria, and a group of sages mourned for him.

iskandar ki bimurd, dar tābūtē az talāy-aš nihādand u ba iskandariyya-aš burdand u gurōhē az hakīmān bar way zārī kardand.


آینده

آینده • (âyande)

fa-noun

آینده • (âyande)

→ Khalaj: âyəndə

→ Bengali: আয়েন্দা (aẏenda)

[ʔɑː.jän̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.jän̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.jän̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.jän̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.jæn̪.d̪é]

From آی (ây-, present stem of آمدن (âmadan, “to come”)) + ـنده (-ande), literally "the coming".

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">آمدن</i> (âmadan, “to come”)

غیب و آینده بر ایشان گشت فاش

c. 1260, Rumi, “1:1467”, in The Masnavi:

the unseen and the future became manifest to them


ناخدا

head

ناخدا • (nâxodâ) (plural ناخداها (nâxodâ-hâ) or ناخدایان (nâxodâyân))

nâxodâ (romanization)
ناخداها (plural)
ناخدایان (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَاخُوذَاة (nāḵūḏāh), نَاخُوذَة (nāḵūḏa)
→ Swahili: nahodha

→ Bengali: নাখোদা (nakhōda)

→ Gulf Arabic: نوخذة (nōḵiḏa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नाख़ुदा (nāxudā)

Urdu: نَاخُدَا (nāxudā)

→ Malay: nakhoda
Indonesian: nakhoda

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناخدا (nahuda)

From earlier ناوخدا (nâvxodâ), compound of ناو (nâv, “boat, ship”) + خدا (xodâ, “master, lord, chief”). Compare Ancient Greek ναύκληρος (naúklēros), Latin nauclērus for the formation.

af

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

(nautical) skipper, shipmaster, master mariner


ناخدا

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناخدا (nahuda)

From ناـ (nâ-, “un-, non-”) + خدا (xodâ, “god”). The latter is the same noun as that under etymology 1 above.

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]


ناوخدا

head

ناوخدا • (nâvxodâ) (plural ناوخداها (nâvxodâ-hâ) or ناوخدایان (nâvxodâyân))

nâvxodâ (romanization)
ناوخداها (plural)
ناوخدایان (plural)

ناخدا ناخدا#Persian

(archaic, nautical) Alternative form of ناخدا (nâxodâ)


بازنجان

بازنجان • (bâzenjân)

fa-noun

بازنجان • (bâzenjân)

From باذنجان (bâzenjân, bâzenjân), from بادنگان (bâdengân).

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


بادنگان

head

بادنگان • (bâdengân)

fa-noun

بادنگان • (bâdengân)

[bɑː.d̪ɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɔː.d̪iŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

[bɒː.d̪eŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


باذنگان

head

باذنگان • (bâzengân)

fa-noun

باذنگان • (bâzengân)

[bɑː.zɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.zɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.zɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


باتنگان

head

باتنگان • (bâtengân)

fa-noun

باتنگان • (bâtengân)

[bɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[bɔː.t̪ʰiŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

[bɒː.t̪ʰeŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


پاتنگان

head

پاتنگان • (pâtengân)

fa-noun

پاتنگان • (pâtengân)

[pʰɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.t̪ʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɔː.t̪ʰiŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

[pʰɒː.t̪ʰeŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[pʰɔ.t̪ʰiŋ.ɡɔ́n]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


پیغامبر

head

پیغامبر • (peyğâmbar) (plural پیغامبران (peyğâmbarân))

peyğâmbar (romanization)
پیغامبران (plural)

From Middle Persian pgtʾmbl (payğāmbar, “messenger, apostle”).

uder

پیغمبر پیغمبر#Persian


گاز طبیعی

/ˌɡɒːze tæbiːˈʔiː/

[ˌɡɒːze tʰæbiːˈi]

fa:گاز طبیعی


سی‌ان‌جی

سیانجی (canonical)
si-en-ji (romanization)


کمیسیون

head

کمیسیون • (komisiyon) (plural کمیسیونها (komisiyon-hâ))

komisiyon (romanization)
کمیسیونها (plural)

commission (fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction)


حرفه

حرفه • (herfe) (plural حرفهها (herfe-hâ) or حرف (heraf))

herfe (romanization)
حرفهها (plural)
حرف (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic حِرْفَة (ḥirfa, “occupation”).


ننه

head

نَنِه or نَنَه • (nane or nana) (plural ننهها (nane-hâ))

نَنِه (canonical)
نَنَه (canonical)
nane (romanization)
nana (romanization)
ننهها (plural)

fa:ننه و بابا

(chiefly Dari, informal, childish or dated) mother


نسرین

نسرین • (nasrin) (plural نسرینها (nasrin-hâ))

Arabic: نِسْرِين (nisrīn)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: نسرین (nasrīn)

Ottoman Turkish: نسرین (nesrin)

Turkish: nesrin

Likely from an Aramaic plural, compare Classical Syriac ܢܳܨܘܿܪܴܐ (nāṣōrā, “sore, ulcer”) – whence Arabic نَاسُور (nāsūr, “fistula”); related via the folk-medicinal use of the rose-hip against haemorrhoids – and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic נָצוֹרִין (nāṣōrīn, “clamps”) (relating to the impeding properties of the briar), Classical Syriac ܢܳܨܱܪܬܴܐ (nāṣartā, “shoot, surculus”), Hebrew נֵצֶר (néṣer, “sprout, shoot, surculus”) already occurring in the Book of Isaiah. The sense of a dog-rose is also present in Middle Armenian մասուր (masur) with the typical Aramaic KāLōM shape which is pertinently found in Arabic بَاسُور (bāsūr, “haemorrhoids”) that derives (as explained there) from the Aramaic word for literal sour grapes. The other Persian forms نستر (nastar, “dog rose”) – which may as well be a Persianized outcome of the shape ܢܳܨܱܪܬܴܐ (nāṣartā) –, نسترن (nastaran, “dog rose”), نسترون (nastarun) – which might show the Aramaic diminutive ending -ōnā –, and a most elongated form Middle Persian *nasrīnag only witnessed by Classical Syriac ܢܰܣܛܪܻܝܢܱܓ (nasṭrīnag, “damask rose”) point to repeated borrowing from Aramaic into Persian and then back into Aramaic, as the -t- is an Aramaic euphonic consonant to avoid the cluster -sr-.


زغر

زغیر زغیر#Persian

Alternative form of زغیر (zeğīr, “flax”)


سریانی

head

سریانی • (soryâni) (plural سریانیان (soryâniyân) or سریانیها (soryâni-hâ))

soryâni (romanization)
سریانیان (plural)
سریانیها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic سُرْيَانِيّ (suryāniyy).


خدیو

head

خدیو • (xadêv) (plural خدیوان (xadêvân))

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خدیو (hidiv)
Turkish: hidiv
→ French: khédive

→ Urdu: خدیو (xidev)

From Middle Persian 𐭤𐭲𐭩𐭥 (htyw /xadēw/) from Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”).

10ᵗʰ Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
سیامک به دست خزروان دیو
تبه گشت و ماند انجمن بی خدیو
siyâmak be daste xazarvan-e div
tabah gašt o mând anjoman bi xadiv
Siamak perished in the fight with Khazarwan Div,

(archaic) lord, master, mighty ruler, king


اطمینان

head

اطمینان • (etminân)

fa-noun

اطمینان • (etminân)

Borrowed from Arabic اِطْمِئْنَان (iṭmiʔnān).

bor+

اِطْمِئْنَان


زاق

Georgian: ზაქი (zaki)
→ Bats: ზაქ (zak)


افسر

head

افسر • (afsar) (plural افسرها (afsar-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: əfsər

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسر (efser)

Turkish: efser

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (’p̄ysl /aꞵesar/). Further possibly containing a deformed prefix to سر (sar, “head”) and a clipped ending after a Proto-Iranian *upasarah.

inh+

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
که جاوید باد افسر و تخت او
ز خورشید تابندهتر بخت او
ke jâvid bâd afsar o taxte 'u
ze xoršid tâbande-tar baxte 'u
May his crown and throne be ever-lasting

May his fortune be brighter than the sun


افسر

head

افسر • (afsar) (plural افسران (afsarân))


تلاش

تلاش • (talâš) (plural تلاشها (talâš-hâ))

→ Gujarati: તલાશ (talāś), તલાસ (talās)

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːʃ]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːʃ]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːʃ]

[t̪ʰä.lɔ́ːʃ]

[t̪ʰæ.lɒ́ːʃ]

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Chagatai تالاشماق (talaşmaq, “to compete”) and Ottoman Turkish طالاشمق (dalaşmak, “to quarrel”).

m+

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


عضو

head

عضو • (ozv) (plural اعضا (a'zâ) or عضوها (ozv-hâ))

ozv (romanization)
اعضا (plural)
عضوها (plural)

Tajik: узв (uzv)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उज़्व (uzva)

Urdu: عُضْو ('uzv)

→ Sindhi: عضوو

→ Uzbek: uzv

عضو خانواده

بیماریهای وضع هم بر دو گونه است: یا عضو از جایگاه خویش زایل شود یا پیوند دیگر اعضا بفساد آورد.

There are also two types of disease in the organs: either the organ becomes deficient in its own location, or its links with other organs become corrupted.

bēmār-hā-yi uzw ham bar du gōna ast: yā uzw az jāygāh-i xwēš zāyil šawad yā paywand-i dīgar a'zā be fasād āwarad.


عارض

عارض • ('ârez)


زیزفون

Borrowed from Arabic زَيْزَفُون (zayzafūn), from Ancient Greek ζίζυφον (zízuphon).


کشکول

head

کشکول • (kaškul) (plural کشکولها (kaškul-hâ))

→ Indonesian: keskul

desc

Ottoman Turkish: كچكول (keçkûl), كشكول (keşkül)

Turkish: keşkül

From کجکول (kajkul), compound کج (kaj) and کول (kul). Compare Classical Syriac ܟܫܟܘܠ (kaškūl).


اشرج

head

اشرج • (ašraj)

fa-noun

اشرج • (ašraj)

[ʔaʃ.ˈɾad͡ʒ]

[ʔäʃ.ɾǽd͡ʒ̥]

[ʔæʃ.ɹǽd͡ʒ̥]

From Arabic أَشْرَج (ʔašraj), with the same meaning.

(literary, rare) A horse (or some other mammal) with only one testicle.

A horse with one testicle larger than the other.


یاساق

head

یاساق • (yâsâq)

fa-noun

یاساق • (yâsâq)

[jɒː.sɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Turkic. More at یاسا (yâsâ).

یاسا یاسا#Persian

explanation of a doubt, rectification of an error


کازه

head

کازه • (kâze)

fa-noun

کازه • (kâze)

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (kʾzʾk, “little house”). Cognate with Khotanese khāśā̮na- (“abode, place”), etc.


کاشانه

head

کاشانه • (kâšâne)

→ Bashkir: кәшәнә (kəşənə)

→ Kazakh: кесене (kesene)

→ Turkish: kâşane

[kʰɑː.ʃɑː.nä]

[kʰɑː.ʃɑː.nä]

[kʰɑː.ʃɑː.nä]

[kʰɔː.ʃɔː.nä]


مایه

مایه • (mâye)

fa-noun

مایه • (mâye)

→ Azerbaijani: maya

From Middle Persian mʾtk' (mādag, “essence, substance”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian mʾyg (māyag).


تاک

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tʾk /tāk/, “branch”).


حالت

head

حالت • (hâlat) (plural حالتها (hâlat-hâ) or حالات (hâlât))

hâlat (romanization)
حالتها (plural)
حالات (plural)

→ Bengali: হালত (halot)

→ Hindi: हालत (hālat)

→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲਤ (hālat)

→ Urdu: حالَت (hālat)

حالت برایی ― hâlat-e barâyi ― genitive case

دلا خوبا جفا کن ز آنکه در عشق رخ خوبان
وفا دیباچه هجرست و حالت در جفا بودست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 118:

O heart, o beauty! Make me suffer, because in the love for the faces of beauties
Loyalty is the preface to separation, and there has been rapture in suffering.

dilā xūbā jafā kun zi ānki dar išq-i rux-i xūbān
wafā dībāča-yi hajr ast u hālat dar jafā būdast

(including Sufism) rapture, spiritual ecstasy


دوران

دَوَران • (davarân)

fa-noun

دَوَران • (davarân)

دَوَران (canonical)
davarân (romanization)

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɔ́ːn]

[d̪æ.væ.ɹɒ́ːn]

Both ultimately from Arabic دَوَرَان (dawarān).


دوران

head

دُوران • (dowrân)

fa-noun

دُوران • (dowrân)

دُوران (canonical)
dowrân (romanization)

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d̪äw.ɾɔ́ːn]

در دوران باستان

دوران جوانی


نزاع

head

نزاع • (nezâ')

fa-noun

نزاع • (nezâ')


نیزه

head

نیزه • (neyze) (plural نیزهها (neyze-hâ))

Azerbaijani: nizə

From Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭰𐭪𐭩 (nycky) / nyck' (/nēzag/), from Old Persian *𐎴𐎡𐏀𐎣 (naizaka-), borrowed from Old Median *náyzakam, from Proto-Iranian *náyjakam, derived from Proto-Iranian *náyjam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náyȷ́žʰam. Compare Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza, “tip, especially of a needle”) and borrowings from Iranian: Classical Syriac ܢܝܙܟܐ (nayzkāʾ), Old Armenian նիզակ (nizak), and Arabic نَيْزَك (nayzak).


شیطان بزرگ

United States of America
United States of America#English

(derogatory, officialese) the Great Satan; a derogatory epithet of the United States of America as an existential enemy of the Islamic world


ترف

Cognate with Parthian 𐫤𐫜𐫡 (tfr /tafr/, “cheese”), from Proto-Iranian *tr̥práh.

(archaic, dialectal) qurut, kashk, black kashk


ترف

(Dari, dialectal) alternative form of ترب (torob, “radish”)


یاسون

head

یاسون • (yâsun)

fa-noun

یاسون • (yâsun)

یاسا یاسا#Persian


یسق

یاسا یاسا#Persian


یاسه

head

یاسه • (yâse)

fa-noun

یاسه • (yâse)


یاسه

head

یاسه • (yâse)

fa-noun

یاسه • (yâse)

یاسا یاسا#Persian


یساق

head

یساق • (yasâq)

fa-noun

یساق • (yasâq)

یاسا یاسا#Persian


یاساء

head

یاساء • (yâsâ')

fa-noun

یاساء • (yâsâ')

/jɒːˈsɒː(ʔ)/

یاسا یاسا#Persian


لی

From English Lee, name of an American brand of denim jeans.


کلاه‌گیس

کلاهگیس (canonical)
kolâh-gis (romanization)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press
fa:کلاه‌گیس

From کلاه (kolâh, “hat”) + گیس (gis, “long hair”).


درگاه

head

درگاه • (dargâh) (plural درگاهها (dargâh-hâ))

→ Arabic: دَرْكَاه (darkāh)

desc

→ Armenian: դարգահ (dargah), դարգյահ (dargyah)

→ Azerbaijani: dərgah / درگاه

→ Gujarati: દરગાહ (dargāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दरगाह (dargāh)

Urdu: درگاہ (dargāh), درگہ (dargah)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: dergeh

Central Kurdish: دەرگا (derga)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درگاه (dergâh), درگه (dergeh)

Turkish: dergah

→ Marwari: दरगा (dargā)

→ Russian: дарга́х (dargáx)

→ Telugu: దర్గా (dargā)

→ Uzbek: dargoh

[dæɾˈɡɒː(h)]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dlgʾs /dargāh/, “doorway”), compound of 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (bbʾ /dar/, “door”) and [script needed] (gʾs /gāh/, “place”).


کرته

→ Hijazi Arabic: كُرْتَة (kurta)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कुरता (kurtā)

Urdu: کُرْتَا (kurtā)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁੜਤਾ (kuṛtā), ਕੁਰਤਾ (kurtā)

Shahmukhi script: کُڑتا (kuṛtā)

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (kwrδʾk), ܟܪܝܬܝ (/kurθē/). Cognate with Khotanese 𐨐𐨂𐨪𐨟𐨂, 𑀓𑀼𑀭𑀢𑀼 (kuratu), Ossetian курӕт (kuræt). Compare also Classical Persian کرتک (kurtak), Northern Kurdish kurtek, kurtik, and the Iranian borrowings: Arabic قُرطَق (qurṭaq), Armenian կոռտիկ (koṙtik), քուրտիկ (kʻurtik), Georgian კურტაკი (ḳurṭaḳi), ქურთუკი (kurtuḳi).

cog

𐨐𐨂𐨪𐨟𐨂, 𑀓𑀼𑀭𑀢𑀼


پیراهن

head

پیراهن • (pirâhan)

fa-noun

پیراهن • (pirâhan)

[pʰeː.ɾɑː.ɦǽn]

[pʰeː.ɾɑː.ɦǽn]

[pʰeː.ɾɑːǽn]

[pʰeː.ɾɔːǽn]

[pʰiː.ɹɒː.ɦǽn]

From Proto-Iranian *pari-yāhana-, from Proto-Iranian *pari- (“around, peri-”) + *yaHh- (“to girdle, gird”). The former prefix is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri, while the latter component is from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₃s- (“to gird”), and cognate with Ancient Greek ζώννυμι (zṓnnumi, “to gird”) and ζώνη (zṓnē, “belt, sash”) (whence English zone), Lithuanian júosta (“band, stripe”), Proto-Slavic *pȍjāsъ (“girdle”), and Albanian gjesh (“to gird”).


سپهسالار

head

سپهسالار • (sepahsâlâr)

fa-noun

سپهسالار • (sepahsâlâr)

[sɪ.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[sɪ.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

From earlier سپاهسالار (sepâhsâlâr), from Middle Persian 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬵⸱𐬯𐬁𐬮𐬁𐬭 (spāh-sālār).


آستین

head

آستین • (âstin)

fa-noun

آستین • (âstin)

→ Bengali: আস্তিন (astin)

→ Gujarati: આસ્તીન (āstīn)

→ Urdu: آستین (āstīn)

First attested in Firdawsī, 1010 AD.
Of unknown etymology due to not having any clear cognates, but potentially borrowed from Southeastern Iranian; Herzenberg compares Pashto لستوڼي (lastúṇay, “sleeve”) which is related to Pashto لاس (lás, “hand”) with a /d-/ > /l-/ sound shift in some Eastern Iranian languages, then cites some dialectal Persian terms borrowed from Pashto or a related language where the initial /l-/ has been dropped.

ترسم کز این چمن نبری آستین گل
کز گلشنش تحمل خاری نمیکنی

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 392”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I fear that you will not bring a sleeveful of roses from this meadow
Because you cannot bear a single thorn from its rose fields.

tarsam k-az īn čaman na-barī āstīn-i gul
k-az gulšan-aš tahammul-i xārē na-mē-kunī


سردار

head

سردار • (sardâr) (plural سردارها (sardâr-hâ) or سرداران (sardârân))

sardâr (romanization)
سردارها (plural)
سرداران (plural)

Armenian: սարդար (sardar)

Azerbaijani: sərdar

Bengali: সর্দার (śordar)

English: Sardar

Georgian: სარდალი (sardali)

Gulf Arabic: سردال (sirdāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरदार (sardār)

Urdu: سردار (sardār)

Kazakh: сардар (sardar)

Northern Kurdish: Serdar

Ottoman Turkish: سردار (serdâr)

Arabic: سِرْدار (sirdār)

English: sirdar

English: serdar

Turkish: serdar

Uzbek: sardor

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

Probably borrowed from Parthian [Term?]. Doublet of سالار (sâlâr), which is from Middle Persian [script needed] (srdʾl /sālār/), a genuine Persian development.


اسپهسالار

head

اسپهسالار • (espahsâlâr)

fa-noun

اسپهسالار • (espahsâlâr)

[ʔɪs.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪs.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔis.pʰɔː.sɔː.lɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔes.pʰæɦ.sɒː.lɒ́ːɹ]

سپهسالار سپهسالار#Persian


طاق

→ Armenian: թաղ (tʻaġ)

→ Azerbaijani: tağ

Borrowed from Arabic طَاق (ṭāq), itself borrowed from Middle Persian 𐫤𐫀𐫃 (tʾg /tāg/, “arch”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-, whence also English thatch, Ancient Greek στέγος (stégos, “roof”).

چشمم منورست ز محراب ابرویت
از طاق زینت است بلی آبگینه را

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 105:

My eyes are shining from the mihrab of your eyebrows;
Yes, the beauty of the glass comes from the vault.

čašmam munawwar ast zi mihrāb-i abrūyat
az tāq zīnat ast balē ābgīna rā


علت

head

عِلَّت • ('ellat) (plural عِلَل ('elal) or عِلَّتها ('ellat-hâ))

عِلَّت (canonical)
'ellat (romanization)
عِلَل (plural)
عِلَّتها (plural)

که طمع لاغر کند زرد و ذلیل
نیست او از علت ابدان علیل

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3629:

For [mere] hope makes him lean, pale, and wretched: he is not ill with bodily ailment.

ke tama' lâğar konad zard o zalil
nist u az 'ellat-e abdân 'alil


تالاب

تالاب • (tâlâb) (plural تالابها (tâlâb-hâ))

[t̪ʰɑː.lɑ́ːb]

[t̪ʰɒː.lɒ́ːb̥]

From تال (tâl, “pond”, from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)) + آب (āb, “water”).

af

تال
<t:pond><pos:from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)>


خصم

خَسْم (canonical)
xasm (romanization)
خصوم (plural)

تو خوش میباش با حافظ، برو گو خصم جان میده
چو گرمی از تو میبینم، چه باک از خصم دم سردم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 318”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Be good to Ḥāfiẓ! Go and tell my rival to give up the soul!
When I see warmth from you, what is there to fear from the inarticulate [lit. cold-breathed] rival?

tu xwaš mē-bāš bā hāfiz, biraw gū xasm jān mē-dah
čū garmī az tu mē-bēnam či bāk az xasm-i dam sard-am

(Classical Persian, Indo-Persian) master, owner, husband


صرف

→ Punjabi: ਸਰਫ਼ (saraf)


خوتکا

head

خوتکا • (xutkâ)

fa-noun

خوتکا • (xutkâ)

Borrowed from Gilaki or Mazanderani خوتکا (xutkâ).


شناسایی

head

شناسایی • (šenâsâyi)

fa-noun

شناسایی • (šenâsâyi)


کولاک

head

کولاک • (kulâk)

fa-noun

کولاک • (kulâk)


ابزار

head

ابزار • (abzâr)

fa-noun

ابزار • (abzâr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄cʾl, ʾp̄zʾl /abzār/, “instrument, means; spice”). See Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ) for more.

inh

شامپانزهها برای شکار از ابزار استفاده میکنند.

šâmpânze-hâ barâ-ye šekâr az abzâr estefâde mi-konand.


فرانک

Possibly from a variant of Middle Persian plwʾnk' (parwānag). Compare Iranian borrowings Arabic فُرَانِق (furāniq, “courier's guide”) and Old Armenian Փառնակ (Pʻaṙnak).

cog

پروانه پروانه#Persian


فرانک

head

فرانک • (ferânk)

fa-noun

فرانک • (ferânk)

[fe.ɹɒ́ːɲkʲ]


آمارگر

head

آمارگر • (âmârgar) (plural آمارگرها (âmârgar-hâ) or آمارگران (âmârgarân))

âmârgar (romanization)
آمارگرها (plural)
آمارگران (plural)

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡaɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɔː.mɔːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɒː.mɒːɹ.ɡʲæɹ]

[ʔɔ.mɔɾ.ɡäɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭪𐭫𐭩 (āmārgar), from Old Persian *hammārakarah.


آسیاب

âsiyâb (romanization)
âsyâb (romanization)

[ʔɑː.si.ˈjɑːβ]

From آس (âs, “millstone”) + -ِ (i) + آب (âb, “water”). Compare آسباد (âsbâd, “windmill”).


فغفور

head

فغفور • (fağfur)

fa-noun

فغفور • (fağfur)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼱𐼲𐼾𐼰𐼴𐽀 (βɣpʾwr /βaγpūr/); see there for further information.


میزبان

head

میزبان • (mizbân)

fa-noun

میزبان • (mizbân)

→ Bengali: মেজবান (mezban)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੇਜ਼ਬਾਨ (mezbān)

Shahmukhi script: میزبان (mezbān)

→ Urdu: میزْبَانْ (mezbān)

→ Uzbek: mezbon

→ Pashto: مېزبان (mēzbān)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (myzdpʾn' /mēzdbān/, “host”). By surface analysis, میز (miz, “table”) + ـبان (-bân, “keeper, guardian”).


فلاخن

head

فلاخن • (falâxan) (plural فلاخنها (falâxan-hâ))

From Old Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬥𐬁 (fradaxṣ̌anā, “sling”)), probably via Bactrian.


کلیچه

head

کلیچه • (količe)

fa-noun

کلیچه • (količe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कुल्चा (kulcā)

Urdu: کلچہ (kulca)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਲਚਾ (kulcā)

Shahmukhi script: کلچہ (kulca)

Compare Middle Persian kwlʾck' (kulāčag, “small, round bun”). See کلوچه (koluče) for more information.


دیهیم

head

دیهیم • (dayhīm) (plural دیهیمها (dayhīm-hâ))

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭣𐭩𐭬𐭩 (dīyēm, dīdēm, “diadem”) from Parthian 𐭃𐭉𐭃𐭉𐭌 (dīδēm, dīdēm, “half-crown, flower-crown”). Ultimately from Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma).

der

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
که بوُد آنْکه دَیْهیم بَر سَر نِهاد
نَدارَد کَس آن روزگاران بِیاد
kē būd ān-kē dayhīm bar sar nihād
nadārad kas ān rōzgārān bi-yād
who was he wore the diadem?!

No one remembers those days (No one remembers the epoch of the olden kings).


مانگ

head

مانگ • (mâng)

fa-noun

مانگ • (mâng)


بزه

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (bck' /bazag/, “sin, evil”).


کپه

head

کپه • (koppe, kope) (plural کپهها (koppe-hâ))

koppe (romanization)
kope (romanization)
کپهها (plural)

→ Arabic: قبة (qubba)


اشنوسه

اشنوسه • (ešnuse)

fa-noun

اشنوسه • (ešnuse)

شنوشه شنوشه#Persian

Alternative form of شنوشه (šenuše, “sneeze”)


شنوسه

head

شنوسه • (šenuse)

fa-noun

شنوسه • (šenuse)

شنوشه شنوشه#Persian


برده

head

بَرْدِه • (barde) (plural بردگان (bardegân))

بَرْدِه (canonical)
barde (romanization)
بردگان (plural)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (wltk' /wardag/), 𐫇𐫡𐫅𐫃 (wrdg /wardag/, “slave; captive”).


توده

→ Ottoman Turkish: توده (tude)

→ Urdu: تودہ (tōda, tūda)

From Proto-Iranian *taw(H)táH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *taw(H)táH (“people, folk, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *tew(H)téh₂ (“people, tribe, men-at-arms”).
Cognate with Northern Kurdish tûde, Sogdian 𐫤𐫇𐫔𐫏𐫍 (twδyh /tūδē/). More distantly related to Latin tōtus, Latvian tàuta, Lithuanian tautà, Irish tuath, Welsh tud, Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda), Middle English thede and Teuton.


چتکه

head

چتکه • (čotke) (plural چتکهها (čotke-hâ))

چرتکه چرتکه#Persian


شوت

From unknown origin. Perhaps from Russian шут (šut).


ناودان

ناودان • (nâvdân)

fa-noun

ناودان • (nâvdân)


عاصی

head

عاصی • ('âsi) (plural عاصیها ('âsi-hâ) or عاصیان ('âsiân))

'âsi (romanization)
عاصیها (plural)
عاصیان (plural)

From Arabic عَاصِي (ʕāṣī, “sinner; Asi/Orontes river”).


گاتا

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɔː.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ɡ̥ɒː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]


گاتا

fa:گاتا
fa:گاتا (نان)

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɑː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ɡɔː.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ɡ̥ɒː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]


پند

From Middle Persian pnd (pand, “path; counsel, advice”) (compare Parthian [Manichaean needed] (pand /pnd/, “counsel”), [Manichaean needed] (pandān /pndʾn/, “path”)), from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh- (“path, road”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs (“path”). Cognate with Old Armenian հուն (hun), Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos), πόντος (póntos), Latin pons, and Old Church Slavonic пѫть (pǫtĭ).


پند

desctree

→ Arabic: فَنّ (fann)
Egyptian Arabic: فن (fann)
→ Azerbaijani: fənn
→ Bashkir: фән (fən)
→ Hausa: fannī̀
→ Kazakh: пән (pän)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فن (fenn)
Turkish: fen
→ Persian: فن (fann)
→ Swahili: fani
→ Turkish: fen
→ Uyghur: پەن (pen)
→ Uzbek: fan

→ Azerbaijani: fənd

→ Armenian: փա̈նդ (pʻänd) — Karabakh

→ Georgian: ფანდი (pandi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فند (fend)

→ Armenian: ֆէնտ (fēnt), ֆա̈նդ (fänd)


شاهانشاه

head

شاهانشاه • (šâhânšâh)

fa-noun

شاهانشاه • (šâhânšâh)

شاهنشاه شاهنشاه#Persian


قرنفل

→ Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)

→ Azerbaijani: qərənfil

desc

→ Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)

→ Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl

Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)

→ Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)

> Turkish: karanfil (inherited)

→ Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)

→ Uzbek: qalampir

Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).


ماسه

head

ماسِه • (mâse)

fa-noun

ماسِه • (mâse)


تکور

head

تکور • (takvor) (plural تکوران (takvorân) or تکورها (takvor-hâ))

takvor (romanization)
تکوران (plural)
تکورها (plural)

From Middle Armenian թագւոր (tʻagwor), from Old Armenian թագաւոր (tʻagawor).
Attested in Ibn Bibi's works.

تکفور تکفور#Persian


تکفور

تکفور • (takfur) (plural تکفوران (takfurân) or تکفورها (takfur-hâ))

takfur (romanization)
تکفوران (plural)
تکفورها (plural)

(archaic) Armenian king, particularly those of Cilician Armenia


تشریح

تشریح • (tašrih)

fa-noun

تشریح • (tašrih)

[t̪ʰäʃ.ɾeːʱ]

[t̪ʰäʃ.ɾeːʱ]

[t̪ʰæʃ.ɹiːʱ]


تاجور

head

تاجْوَر • (tâjvar) (plural تاجوران (tâjvarân) or تاجورها (tâjvar-hâ))

تاجْوَر (canonical)
tâjvar (romanization)
تاجوران (plural)
تاجورها (plural)

Ottoman Turkish: تاجور (tâcver)

[t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɾ]

[t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɾ]

[t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɾ]

[t̪ʰɔːd͡ʒ.wǽɾ]

[t̪ʰɒːd͡ʒ.vǽɹ]

[t̪ʰɔd͡ʒ.vǽɾ]

Ferdowsi
اگر پادشاهی بود در گهر
بباید که نیکی کند تاجور
agar pādišāhī buwad dar guhar
bibāyad ki nēkī kunad tājwar


شوره

شوره • (šure)

fa-noun

شوره • (šure)

Borrowed from Parthian *šōrag, cognate to Middle Persian [script needed] (swlk' /sōrag/, “salty land”). Compare Arabic شورج (šawraj), an Iranian borrowing. By surface analysis, شور (šur, “salty”) + ـه (-e).


جید

the lower or front part of the neck, on which jewels are suspended


سیارک

head

سیارک • (sayyârak) (plural سیارکها (sayyârak-hâ))

sayyârak (romanization)
سیارکها (plural)

From سیاره (sayyâre, “planet”) + ـک (ak, “diminutive suffix”).


حادثه

head

حادثه • (hâdese) (plural حوادث (havâdes))

[ʔɑː.d̪ɪ.sǽ]


پازن

پازن • (pâzen, pâzan) (plural پازنها (pâzen-hâ))

pâzen (romanization)
pâzan (romanization)
پازنها (plural)

From Middle Persian pʾcyn (pāzen, “ibex, mountain goat”).


رسیدگی

[ɹæ.siːd̪e.ɡʲíː]


فشنگ

head

فشنگ • (fešang) (plural فشنگها (fešang-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: fişəng

→ Turkmen: peşeň

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فشك (fişek), فشنك (fişenk)
Turkish: fişek
Crimean Tatar: fişenk
→ Albanian: fishek
→ Arabic: فَشَك (fašak)
→ Armenian: ֆիշենկ (fišenk), ֆշանգ (fšang), ֆշանք (fšankʻ), փշանգ (pʻšang)
→ Bulgarian: фише́к (fišék)
→ Greek: φυσέκι (fyséki), φισέκι (fiséki)
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: fîşek
→ Central Kurdish: فیشەک (fîşek)
→ Macedonian: фишек (fišek)
→ Romanian: fișic
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: фѝшек
Latin script: fìšek

* From فش (feš, “(archaic) a sibilant or hissing sound”).
* According to Dehkhoda, possibly from گلفهشنگ (galafahšang, golfahšang, “stalagmite”).
* According to Mo'in Dictionary, via Arabic, supposedly from پشنگ (pašang, “splash”)
* A common narrative in the West derives from Ancient Greek φυσίγγη (phusíngē), φῦσιγξ (phûsinx), whence Modern Greek φυσίγγιο (fysíngio).


عجله

عجله کار شیطان است


تایید

[t̪ʰäʔ.jíːd̪]

[t̪ʰäʔ.jíːd̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.jíːd̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.jíd̪̥]

[t̪ʰæʔ.jíːd̪̥]

[t̪ʰäʔ.jíd̪]


مجدد

[mʊ.d͡ʒäd̪.d̪ɪ́d̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒäd̪.d̪ɪ́d̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒäd̪.d̪ɪ́d̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُجَدِّد (mujaddid).

bor+

(Islam, specifically) person said to be sent by God every century to reinvigorate the Islamic faith


بابونه

head

بابونه • (bâbune)

fa-noun

بابونه • (bâbune)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?], whence also Arabic بابُونَج (bābūnaj).


آذرخش

head

آذرخش • (âzaraxš) (plural آذرخشها (âzaraxš-hâ))

[ʔɑː.ða.ˈɾaxʃ]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾǽxʃ]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾǽxʃ]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾǽxʃ]

[ʔɔː.zä.ɾǽxʃ]

[ʔɒː.zæ.ɹǽxʃ]

[ʔɔ.zä.ɾǽχʃ]


جنگاور

جنگاور • (jangâvar) (plural جنگاوران (jangâvarân))

jangâvar (romanization)
جنگاوران (plural)


ازناور

ازناور • (aznâvur)

Borrowed from Georgian აზნაური (aznauri).


ارتشتار

head

ارتشتار • (arteštâr) (plural ارتشتاران (arteštârân))

arteštâr (romanization)
ارتشتاران (plural)

[ʔæɹ.t̪ʰeʃ.d̪ɒːɹ]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

ارتشدار ارتشدار#Persian

Alternative form of ارتشدار (artešdâr, “warrior”)


آهار

Borrowed from Parthian ʾhʾr (āhār, “food”), ultimately from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).


آهار

starch (laundry stiffener), size, sizing


دالان

head

دالان • (dâlân)

fa-noun

دالان • (dâlân)

→ Armenian: դալան (dalan)

→ Azerbaijani: dalan

→ Bengali: দালান (dalan)

→ Gujarati: દાલાન (dālān)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دالان (dalan)

Turkish: dalan

→ Phalura: daalaán

→ Ushojo: دالان (dālān)

→ Yagnobi: [script needed] (dālān)

→ Pashto: دالان (dālān)

→ Urdu: دالان (dālān)


جهود

head

جهود • (johud) (plural جهودان (johudân) or جهودها (johud-hâ))

johud (romanization)
جهودان (plural)
جهودها (plural)

Judeo-Tat: çuhur

⇒ Judeo-Tat: çuhuri

→ English: Juhuri, Juwuri, Juvuri

→ Azerbaijani: cuhud

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ջհուտ (ǰhut), ջհուդ (ǰhud), ջֆուտ (ǰfut)

Armenian: ջհուդ (ǰhud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जहूद (jahūd)

Urdu: جَہُود (jahūd)

→ Kipchak: ǵuhut

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چفوت (çıfut), چفود (çıfud)
Turkish: Çıfıt
→ Aromanian: cifut
→ Albanian: çifut
→ Bulgarian: чифу́т (čifút)
→ Czech: Čifut
→ Greek: τσιφούτης (tsifoútis)
→ Romanian: ciufut
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: Čìfutin
Cyrillic script: Чѝфутин
→ Slovene: Čífut

[d͡ʒo̞.ɦóːd̪]

[d͡ʒo̞.ɦóːd̪]

[d͡ʒʊ.wóːd̪]

[d͡ʒu.wʊ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒo.ɦúːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒo.ɦúːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒuː.ɦúːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒu.ɦɵ́d̪]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yhwt' /jahūd/, “Jew”).

inh

و مفسران گفتند این آن گه بود که مصطفی در مدینه شد و جهودان مدینه را بر دین اسلام خواند، و طمع در اسلام ایشان بست و همچنین جماعتی از انصار بودند در مدینه که ایشان را با جهودان نزدیکی بود[…]

c. 1126, Abū'l-Fażl Rašīd-ud-Dīn Maybudī, کشف الاسرار و عدة الابرار:

And the exegetes said this is when Muṣṭafā [Muhammad] went to Medina, called the Jews of Medina to the religion of Islam, and hoped for their conversion, and in addition, there was a group of Anṣār [converted local Arabs] in Medina who were close to the Jews […]

u mufassirān guftand īn ān gah būd ki mustafā dar madīna šud u juhūdān-i madīna rā bar dīn-i islām xwānd, u tam' dar islām-i ēšān bast u hamčunīn jamā'atē az ansār būdand dar madīna ki ēšān rā bā juhūdān nazdīkī būd […]

(now offensive, ethnic slur) Jew; (as a slur) yid, kike


بریان

head

بریان • (beryân)

fa-noun

بریان • (beryân)


هرج

هرج و مرج (harj-o-marj)


مکالمه

head

مکالمه • (mokâleme) (plural مکالمهها (mokâleme-hâ) or مکالمات (mokâlemât))

mokâleme (romanization)
مکالمهها (plural)
مکالمات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُكَالَمَة (mukālama).

bor+

مکالمه تلفنی


جغرات

head

جغرات • (joğrât)

fa-noun

جغرات • (joğrât)

[d͡ʒuɣ.ɾɑːt]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[d͡ʒuɣ.ɾɔːt̪]

[d͡ʒoɢ.ɹɒːt̪]

[d͡ʒuʁ.ɾɔt̪]

چغرات چغرات#Persian


چغرات

head

چغرات • (čoğrât)

fa-noun

چغرات • (čoğrât)

desc

→ Arabic: جُغْرَات (juḡrāt), صُغْرَات (ṣuḡrāt), صُغْرَاط (ṣuḡrāṭ), صُقْرَات (ṣuqrāt), صُقْرَاط (ṣuqrāṭ)

→ Persian: صغراط (soğrât), صقرات (soqrât).

[t͡ʃuɣ.ɾɑːt]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰuɣ.ɾɔːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰoɢ.ɹɒːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰuʁ.ɾɔt̪]


همه پرسی

همهپرسی همهپرسی#Persian


تطابق

[t̪ʰä.t̪ʰɑː.bʊ́q]

[t̪ʰä.t̪ʰɑː.bʊ́q]

[t̪ʰä.t̪ʰɑː.bʊ́q]

[t̪ʰä.t̪ʰɔː.búq]

[t̪ʰæ.t̪ʰɒː.bóɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic تَطَابُق (taṭābuq).


برزکوه

barzkuh (romanization)
borzkuh (romanization)


مومیائی

head

مومیائی • (mumiyâ'i) (plural مومیائیها (mumiyâ'i-hâ))

mumiyâ'i (romanization)
مومیائیها (plural)

مومیایی مومیایی#Persian


مومیایی

مومیایی • (mumiyâyi) (plural مومیاییها (mumiyâyi-hâ))

mumiyâyi (romanization)
مومیاییها (plural)

desc

Tajik: мӯмиёӣ (mümiyoi), мумиёӣ (mumiyoi)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مومیائی (momiyā'ī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਮਿਆਈ (mamiāī)

Shahmukhi script: مومیایی (momiāī)

دل تیره را روشنایی می است
 که را کوفت تن مومیایی می است

dil-i tēra rā rōšanāyī may ast
 ki rā kōft tan mōmiyāyī may ast

مومیا مومیا#Persian


قوت

→ Gujarati: કુવ્વત (kuvvat), કૌવત (kauvat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ुव्वत (quvvat)

Urdu: قوت (quvvat)

→ Marathi: कुवत (kuvat)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: قُوَّت (quvvat)

→ Sindhi: قوت

تا کسی ندهد به کودک هیچ چیز
قوت پیران از این بیش است نیز

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 425:

So that no one should give the boy anything:
the power of the Pírs is even greater than this.

tā kasē na-dihad ba kōdak hēč čīz
quwwat-i pīrān az īn bēš ast nīz


حوزه

حوزه عمومی

حوزه علمیه ― howze-ye 'elmiyye

hawza or seminary where Shi'a Muslim clerics are trained


افتخار

head

افتخار • (eftexâr)

fa-noun

افتخار • (eftexâr)

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِفْتِخار (iftiḵār, “haughtiness, loftiness”). Compare Arabic فَخْر (faḵr, “honour, pride”).

bor+

او خدو انداخت در روی علی
افتخار هر نبی و هر ولی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3723:

He spat on the face of ‘Alí,
the pride of every prophet and every saint

ō xadū andāxt dar rōy-i 'Alī
iftixār-i har nabī u har walī


افرنگ

[ʔæf.ɹæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾplng /abrang/, “splendour”), from Proto-Iranian *abi-ra(n)ǰ- (“to color, dye”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)reg-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέζω (rhézō, “I dye, paint”) and Persian رنگ (rang) itself; also a doublet of اورنگ (abranjan, “bracelet”).


تخریب

[t̪ʰäx.ɾíːb]

[t̪ʰäx.ɾíːb]

[t̪ʰäx.ɾíːb]

[t̪ʰäx.ɾíb̥]

[t̪ʰæx.ɹíːb̥]

تخریب محیط زیست

تخریب ساختمان


جایگزین

head

جایگزین • (jâygozin)

fa-noun

جایگزین • (jâygozin)

[d͡ʒɑːj.ɡʊ.zíːn]

[d͡ʒɑːj.ɡʊ.zíːn]

[d͡ʒɑːj.ɡʊ.zíːn]

جای (jây, “place”) + گزین (gozin, present stem of گزیدن (gozidan, “to choose”)).

af

گزین
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گزیدن</i> (gozidan, “to choose”)>

آفریقاییها مایلاند شرکای تازهای برای خود انتخاب کنند و ایران میتواند با توجه به توانمندیهای صادراتی، جایگزین برخی از شرکای تجاری آفریقاییها باشد.

2024 May 1, “علاقهمندی آفریقاییها برای توسعه تجارت با ایران/ توسعه بازارهای صادراتی در دولت سیزدهم”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

Africans want to choose new partners for themselves, and with respect to its export capabilities, Iran can be a substitute for some of the Africans' trade partners.

âfariqâyi-hâ mâyel-and šorakâ-ye tâze'i barâ-ye xod entexâb konand va irân mi-tavânad bâ tavajjoh be tavânmandi-hâ-ye sâderâti, jâygozin-e barxi az šorakâ-ye tejâri-ye âfariqâyi-hâ bâšad.


گشایش

head

گشایش • (gošâyêš)

fa-noun

گشایش • (gošâyêš)

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡʊ.ʃɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡu.ʃɔː.jíʃ]

[ɡ̥o.ʃɒː.jéʃ]

opening; act of becoming open
inauguration

opening; act of becoming open
(music) exposition

opening; act of becoming open
exposition

opening; act of becoming open
(chess) opening

از خم ابروی توام هیچ گشایشی نشد
وه که در این خیال کج عمر عزیز شد تلف

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 296”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

I have no relief from the curve of your eyebrows;
Woe that my precious life should be wasted for this crooked fantasy!

az xam-i abrū-yi tu-am hēč gušāyišē nēst
wah ki dar īn xayāl-i kaj umr-o azīz šud talaf


مرمت

→ Assamese: মেৰামতি (meramoti)

→ Bengali: মেরামত (meramot)

→ Hindi: मरम्मत (marammat)

→ Nepali: मर्मत (marmat)

→ Punjabi: ਮੁਰੰਮਤ (murammat)

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَمَّة (maramma).


ضیافت

head

ضیافت • (ziâfat)

Borrowed from Arabic ضِيافة (ḍiyāfa, “hospitality”).


کف

→ Armenian: քափ (kʻapʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: kəf

→ Georgian: ქაფი (kapi)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kp /kaf/, “foam, slime”); compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapʰas (“phlegm, mucus”). Cognate with Khotanese khavä (“foam”), etc.

cog

حلم ایشان کف بحر حلم ماست / کف رود آید ولی دریا به جاست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2676:

Their clemency is (but) the foam of the sea of My clemency: the foam comes and goes, but the sea is (always) there.

hilm-êšân kaf-i-bahr-i-hilm-i-mâ / kaf rawad âyad wali dariyâ ba jâ-st


کف

→ Khalaj: kəf


توسعه

Borrowed from Arabic تَوْسِعَة (tawsiʕa).

bor+

کشور در حال توسعه

کشور توسعه یافته

توسعه اقتصادی سریع چین


انبوه

Might come from Old Iranian *ham-pauγa- or *ham-pūγa- and be the Iranian correspondence of Sanskrit पूग (pūga, “multitude”), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀽𑀳 (pūha, “crowd”) (compare Ancient Greek πῡγή (pūgḗ, “buttocks”)). Related to Old Armenian ամբոխ (ambox), an Iranian borrowing.


ارتقا

head

ارتقا • (erteqâ)

fa-noun

ارتقا • (erteqâ)

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ː]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ː]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ː]

[ʔeɹ.t̪ʰe.ʁɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Arabic اِرْتِقَاء (irtiqāʔ), from اِرْتَقَى (irtaqā).


رقیب

head

رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))

raqib (romanization)
رقیبان (plural)
رقیبها (plural)
رقبا (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: rəqib

→ Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb)

Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)

Etymology tree
Arabic رَقَبَ (raqaba)
Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb)bor.
Persian رَقِیبBorrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb), from رَقَبَ (raqaba). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: "guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]" > "rival in love" > "rival, competitor [in general]."

etymon

رَقِیب

بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ
اینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:

Every moment, you cast looks at [my] rivals [in love]: such a pity, alas!
Why do you waste your glances in such a way?

bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ
īnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā

rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist

(archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper


اهمیت

→ Urdu: اہمیت (ahmiyat)

Borrowed from Arabic أَهَمِّيَّة (ʔahammiyya).

bor+

من اهمیت نمیدم. (colloquial)

بنابراین نقش ایران از بعد امنیتی برای هر دو طرف با اهمیت است.

2021 March 15, “اهمیت ایران برای چین [The Importance of Iran for China]”, in Donya-e-Eqtesad:

Therefore, Iran's role in terms of security holds importance for both sides.

banâbarin naqš-e irân az bo'd-e amniyati barâ-ye har do taraf bâ ahamiyyat ast.


شوید

head

شوید • (ševid)

fa-noun

شوید • (ševid)

→ Azerbaijani: şüyüd

Cognate to Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ), Armenian սամիթ (samitʻ), and Arabic شِبِثّ (šibiṯṯ).

cog

Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ)


مقاوم

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَاوِم (muqāwim), from the verb قَاوَمَ (qāwama).


قلمرو

Ottoman Turkish: قلمرو (kalemrev)

Azerbaijani: qələmrov

Uzbek: qalamrav

قلم (qalam, “pen”) + رو (row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)).

af

رو
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)>

realm, dominion; territory; jurisdiction


تضمین

head

تضمین • (tazmin) (plural تضمینات (tazminât))


توزیع

توزیع • (towzi') (plural توزیعها (towzi'-hâ))


تحلیلگر

تحلیلگر • (tahlilgar) (plural تحلیلگران (tahlilgarân) or تحلیگرها)

tahlilgar (romanization)
تحلیلگران (plural)
تحلیگرها (plural)

[tʰæhliːlˈɡʲæɾ]


ملوان

ملوان • (malavân) (plural ملوانان (malavânân) or ملوانها (malavân-hâ))

malavân (romanization)
ملوانان (plural)
ملوانها (plural)


تاریخچه

تاریخچه • (târixče)

fa-noun

تاریخچه • (târixče)

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiːx.t͡ʃʰä]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiːx.t͡ʃʰä]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiːx.t͡ʃʰä]

[t̪ʰɔː.ɾix.t͡ʃʰä]

[t̪ʰɒː.ɹiːx.t͡ʃʰe]

[t̪ʰɔ.ɾiχ.t͡ʃʰä]

From تاریخ (târix, “history”) + ـچه (če).


قلمدان

head

قلمدان • (qalamdân) (plural قلمدانها (qalamdân-hâ))

qalamdân (romanization)
قلمدانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qələmdan / قلمدان

→ English: qalamdan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़लमदान (qalamdān)

Urdu: قلم دان (qalam-dān)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلمدان (kalemdân)

→ Punjabi: ਕਲਮਦਾਨ (kalmadān)


توسکا

توسکا • (tuskâ) (plural توسکاها (tuskâ-hâ))

Borrowed from Mazanderani توسکا (tuskā), تسکا (teskā), توسا (tusā), تسا (tosā, “alder”). Apparently ultimately Mongolic, Mongolian хус (xus, “birch”), with the ending ـا (-â) as in many Mongolic nouns auslauting in -аа (-aa); correspondingly, Persian قان (qân, “birch”) is from Turkic.

betulaceous tree, alder or birch (whereof the disyllables more often alder and the monosyllables birch)

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

(variant تیس (tis)) mountain ash, rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)


استکان

استکان • (estekân) (plural استکانها (estekân-hâ))

estekân (romanization)
استکانها (plural)

→ Gulf Arabic: استكان (istikān)

Borrowed from Russian стака́н (stakán), from Turkic, from Persian دوستگان (dustgân), دوستکان (dustkân, “beloved; wine that is drunk with one's beloved; big drinking cup”), from دوستکام (dustkâm, “beloved”), from دوست (dust, dôst) + کام (kâm).


ناچخ

ناچخ • (nâčax)

fa-noun

ناچخ • (nâčax)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناجاق (nacak), نجق (nacak)
Turkish: nacak
→ Bats: ნაჯაჴ (naǯaq)
→ Belarusian: нажда́к (naždák)
→ Bulgarian: наджа́к (nadžák)
→ Gagauz: nacak
→ Georgian: ნაჯახი (naǯaxi)
→ Laz: ნაჯაღი (nacaği)
→ Macedonian: наџак (nadžak)
→ Middle Armenian: նաճախ (načax)
Armenian: նաջախ (naǰax), նաճախ (načax)
→ Russian: нажда́к (naždák)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀џак
Latin script: nàdžak
→ Ukrainian: нажда́к (naždák)

[nɑː.t͡ʃʰǽx]

[nɑː.t͡ʃʰǽx]

[nɑː.t͡ʃʰǽx]

[nɔː.t͡ʃʰǽx]

[nɒː.t͡ʃʰǽx]


توبره

head

توبره • (tubre) (plural توبرهها (tubre-hâ))

From Middle Persian *tōbrag (“bag, sack”), cognate with Sanskrit टोपर (ṭopara, “a small bag”). Compare Old Armenian տոպրակ (toprak), a Middle Iranian borrowing.


اسکیز

سکیزه سکیزه#Persian


شنوشه

شنوشه • (šenuše) (plural شنوشهها (šenuše-hâ))

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šnwšk' /šnōšag/, “sneeze”). Akin to Mazanderani اشنافه (ëšnâfe, “sneeze”).


اشکفت

head

اشکفت • (eškaft)

fa-noun

اشکفت • (eškaft)

From Middle Persian škpt' (škaft, “cave”). Compare Luri اشکفت (eškeft). Related to the verb شکافتن (šekâftan).


نوش‌دارو

head

نوشدارو • (nuš-dâru)

fa-noun

نوشدارو • (nuš-dâru)

نوشدارو (canonical)
nuš-dâru (romanization)

From نوش (nuš) + دارو (dâru), from Middle Persian *anōš-dārūg.


نوش

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾnwš /anōš/, “elixir, antidote”, literally “immortal”), from Proto-Iranian *an-auša- (“immortal”), from *an- (“not, a-”) + *auša- (“destruction”), the latter from Proto-Iranian *Hawš (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Related to Old Armenian անոյշ (anoyš), an Iranian borrowing. Cognate with Parthian 𐫀𐫗𐫇𐫢 (ʾnwš /anōš/, “immortal”), Ossetian ӕнус (ænus, “eternity; century; age”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (anaoša, “immortal”).


اوان

Reborrowed from Arabic أَوَان (ʔawān), from Middle Persian ʾwʾm, ʾʾwʾm (āwām, “time, space of time; age, epoch; point of time, occasion”).


آوام

From Middle Persian ʾwbʾm (āwām, “time, season”), compare Manichaean Middle Persian ʾwʾm, ʾʾwʾm (āwām, “time, space of time; age, epoch; point of time, occasion”).


ناژو

head

ناژو • (nâžu)

fa-noun

ناژو • (nâžu)

Probably from Parthian. Compare also possible relation with Old Persian *nauciš (“cedar”).


ژیگول

head

ژیگول • (žigul)

fa-noun

ژیگول • (žigul)


ژیگولو

head

ژیگولو • (žigulu) (plural ژیگولوها (žigulu-hâ))


زغال

زغال • (zoğâl) (plural زغالها (zoğâl-hâ))

→ Arabic: زُوقَال (zūqāl)

→ Azerbaijani: zoğal

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܘܓܠ f (zoġal)

→ Khalaj: zuğâl

→ Northern Kurdish: zuẍal

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զղալ (zġal)

Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զուղալ (zuġal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زغال (zuğal)

Turkish: zağal; zanğal, zaval; zavrak; zoğal; zonğal; zoval; zuğal; zuhal; zuval

→ Udi: зокъал (zoq̇al)

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ar-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Compare Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Irish gual (“coal”).

der

زغال قلیان را سریع روشن کردیم.


کپسول

head

کپسول • (kapsul) (plural کپسولها (kapsul-hâ))


مویرگ

مویرگ • (muyrag) (plural مویرگها (muyrag-hâ))

muyrag (romanization)
مویرگها (plural)
مویرگ (singular)
muyrag (singular)
مویرگها (plural)
muyrag-hấ (plural)
مویرگا (colloquial plural)
muyragấ (plural)
مویرگ را (definite direct-object singular)
muyrag râ (definite direct-object singular)
مویرگ رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
muyrago (definite direct-object singular)
مویرگها را (definite direct-object plural)
muyrag-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
مویرگا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
muyragấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
مویرگ (ezafe singular)
muyrag-e (ezafe singular)
مویرگهای (ezafe plural)
muyrag-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
مویرگای (colloquial ezafe plural)
muyragấ-ye (ezafe plural)
مویرگی (definite relative singular)
مویرگی (indefinite singular stressed)
muyrag-i (definite relative singular)
muyrag-i (indefinite singular stressed)
مویرگهایی (definite plural relative)
مویرگهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
muyragấn-i, muyrag-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
muyragấn-i, muyrag-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
مویرگایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
مویرگایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
muyragấi (definite plural relative)
muyragấi (indefinite plural stressed)
مویرگم (first-person possessive singular)
muyragam (first-person possessive singular)
مویرگهایم (first-person possessive singular)
muyrag-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
مویرگهام، مویرگام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
muyragấm (first-person possessive singular)
مویرگت (possessive second-person singular)
muyragat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
muyraget (possessive second-person singular)
مویرگهایت (possessive second-person singular)
muyrag-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
مویرگهات، مویرگات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
muyragất (possessive second-person singular)
مویرگش (possessive singular third-person)
muyragaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
muyrageš (possessive singular third-person)
مویرگهایش (possessive singular third-person)
muyrag-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
مویرگهاش، مویرگاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
muyragấš (possessive singular third-person)
مویرگمان (first-person plural possessive)
muyragemân (first-person plural possessive)
مویرگمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
muyragemun (first-person plural possessive)
مویرگهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
muyrag-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
مویرگهامون، مویرگامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
muyragấmun (first-person plural possessive)
مویرگتان (plural possessive second-person)
muyragetân (plural possessive second-person)
مویرگتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
muyragetun (plural possessive second-person)
مویرگهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
muyrag-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
مویرگهاتون، مویرگاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
muyragấtun (plural possessive second-person)
مویرگشان (plural possessive third-person)
muyragešân (plural possessive third-person)
مویرگشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
muyragešun (plural possessive third-person)
مویرگهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
muyrag-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
مویرگهاشون، مویرگاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
muyragấšun (plural possessive third-person)


کالنگ

کالنگ • (kâleng)

fa-noun

کالنگ • (kâleng)


تالاسمی

head

تالاسمی • (tâlâsemi)

fa-noun

تالاسمی • (tâlâsemi)


کاسبی

head

کاسبی • (kâsebi)

fa-noun

کاسبی • (kâsebi)


شناور

head

شناور • (šenâvar)

fa-noun

شناور • (šenâvar)

[ʃɪ.nɑː.wǽɾ]

[ʃɪ.nɑː.wǽɾ]

[ʃɪ.nɑː.wǽɾ]

By surface analysis, شنا (šenâ) + ـور (-var).

surf

watercraft (vehicle that moves through water)


اشتلم

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊ.lʊ́m]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊ.lʊ́m]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊ.lʊ́m]


فرمانده

head

فَرماندِه • (farmânde) (plural فَرماندِهان (farmândehân) or فَرماندِهها (farmânde-hâ))

فَرماندِه (canonical)
farmânde (romanization)
فَرماندِهان (plural)
فَرماندِهها (plural)

فَرمان (farmân, “order”) + دِه (deh-, present stem of دادَن (dâdan, “to give”)).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دادَن</i> (dâdan, “to give”)

فرماندهٔ کل ارتش


کارگردان

head

کارگردان • (kârgardân)

fa-noun

کارگردان • (kârgardân)

[kɑːɾ.ɡaɾ.ˈdɑːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.ɡäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.ɡäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.ɡäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[kʰɔːɾ.ɡäɾ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[kʰɒːɹ.ɡʲæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[kʰɔɾ.ɡäɾ.d̪ɔ́n]

کار (kâr, “work”) + گردان (gardân, present stem of گرداندن (gardândan, “to manage”)).

af

گردان
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گرداندن</i> (gardândan, “to manage”)>

کارگردان فیلم

کارگردان اپرا

نویسنده و کارگردان این سریال، تلاش کرده است تا در کنار قصه اصلی داستان، روابط عاشقانه را چاشنی داستان کند تا احتمالا در قسمتهای بعدی داستان، میان حامد و نوید، به عنوان دو قطب متضاد شاهد کشمکش، تعصب و حسادتهای باقیمانده از گذشته باشیم.

2024 January 19, “گناه «فرشته» یا «شیطان»؛ وقتی کارگردان تاریخ را گردن میزند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

The writer and producer of this TV series has tried to spice up the main plot of the story with romantic relationships, so that in later parts of the story, we can probably witness fights, prejudices, and jealousies left over from the past between Hamed and Navid as two opposing poles.

nevisande va kârgardân-e in seriyâl, talâš karde ast tâ dar kenâr-e qesse-ye asli-ye dâstân, ravâbet-e âšeqâne râ čâšni-ye dâstân konad tâ ehtemâlan dar qesmat-hâ-ye ba'di-ye dâstân, miyân-e hâmed va navid, be onvân-e do qotb-e motazâd šâhed-e kešmakeš, ta'assob va hasâdat-hâ-ye bâqimânde az gozašte bâšim.


رسانه

head

رسانه • (resâne or rasâne) (plural رسانهها (resâne-hâ))

resâne (romanization)
rasâne (romanization)
رسانهها (plural)

From رسان (resân, present stem of رساندن (resândan, “to deliver, to cause to arrive”)) + ـه (-e). A mid-twentieth-century coinage.

af

رسان
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رساندن</i> (resândan, “to deliver, to cause to arrive”)>

رسانه خبری

رسانهها گزارش دادهاند که[…]
resâne-hâ gozâreš dâde'and ke […]
media outlets have reported that […]


رسانه

head

رسانه • (rasâne)

fa-noun

رسانه • (rasâne)


کاسب

head

کاسِب • (kâseb)

fa-noun

کاسِب • (kâseb)


داس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dʾs /dās/), from Old Persian [Term?] (/*dāça/), from Proto-Iranian *dáHθra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHtram (“sickle”). Compare Sanskrit दात्र (dātra).

inh

داس و چکش

از باغ ملک سبزه بیگانه را درود
شمشیر همچو داس شهنشاه کامکار

c. 1649, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “On the conquest of Qandahār and praise of Shah ʿAbbās II”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The sickle-like sword of the emperor who achieves his will
Has harvested foreign plants from the garden of sovereignty.

az bāğ-i mulk sabza-yi bēgāna rā durūd
šamšēr-i hamčū dās-e šahinšāh-i kāmkār


ارباب

head

ارباب • (arbâb) (plural اربابان (arbâbân))

[ʔäɾ.bɔ́ːb̥]

[ʔæɹ.bɒ́ːb̥]

Borrowed from Arabic أَرْبَاب (ʔarbāb), originally the plural of رَبّ (rabb, “lord”).

major landlord, owner of an estate, feudal lord

ارباب حلقهها

(collective, with ezâfe) the masters (of), those renowned (for), those possessing


پیکار

پیکار • (peykâr)

fa-noun

پیکار • (peykâr)

→ Georgian: პაექრობა (ṗaekroba)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: պայքար (paykʻar), փայքար (pʻaykʻar), փայկար (pʻaykar) — post-Classical
Armenian: պայքար (paykʻar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पैकार (paikār)
→ Bengali: পাইকার (paikar)
→ English: pykar

Urdu: پَیکار (pēkār)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਪੈਕਾਰ (paikār), پَیکار (pēkār)

[pʰäj.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäj.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäj.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäj.kʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰäj.kʰɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian ptkʾl (“struggle, battle, dispute”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (phykʾʾr, “strife, battle”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬝 (paⁱtiakər^ənaot̰, “he fought against”). The preverb is from Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š, “against, to, towards”), itself from Proto-Iranian *pati- (towards, to, against), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, and the root is from Proto-Iranian *kar- (“to do, make”), ultimately a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”). Old Armenian պայքար (paykʻar) and Georgian პაექრობა (ṗaekroba) are Iranian borrowings. The preverb is also found in پرهیز (parhēz, “abstinence, diet”) and پیکر (paykar, “form, figure, body”).

cog

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬝


ملافه

head

ملافه • (malâfe)

fa-noun

ملافه • (malâfe)


داروسازی

head

داروسازی • (dârusâzi)

fa-noun

داروسازی • (dârusâzi)

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑː.zíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑː.zíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑː.zíː]

[d̪ɒː.ɹuː.sɒː.zíː]

From داروساز (dârusâz, “pharmacist”) + ـی (-i).

suffix

pharmaceutics, pharmacy (science of medicinal substances)


داروساز

head

داروساز • (dârusâz) (plural داروسازان (dârusâzân))

dârusâz (romanization)
داروسازان (plural)

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɒː.ɹuː.sɒ́ːz]

From دارو (dâru, “medicine”) + ساز (sâz, “maker”).


پنکه

Borrowed from Hindi पंखा (paṅkhā), ultimately from Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣá).


تنبیه

head

تنبیه • (tambih) (plural تنبیهات (tambihât))

[t̪ʰäm.bíːʱ]

[t̪ʰäm.bíːʱ]

[t̪ʰæm.bíːʰ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَنْبِيه (tanbīh, “awakening”).

bor+

چندان که ز مرگ میبگویم دل را
تنبیه نمیاوفتد این غافل را

early 1200s, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, مختارنامه [Mukhtārnāma]:

I spoke of death to my heart too often,
So awakening never reached this heedless [heart].

čandān ki zi marg mē-bigūyam dil rā
tambīh na-mē-ūftad īn ğāfil rā


خشاب

head

خشاب • (xešâb)

fa-noun

خشاب • (xešâb)


پایوند

head

پایوند • (pâyvand) (plural پابوندها)

fa-noun

پایوند • (pâyvand) (plural پابوندها)

pâyvand (romanization)
پابوندها (plural)

پابند پابند#Persian


پایبند

head

پایبند • (pâyband) (plural پایبندها (pâyband-hâ))

pâyband (romanization)
پایبندها (plural)

From پای (pây, “foot”) + بند (band, “bound”).

پابند پابند#Persian


پای‌بست

پایبست • (pây-bast) (plural پایبستها (pây-bast-hâ))

پایبست (canonical)
pây-bast (romanization)
پایبستها (plural)

1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan
خانه از پایبست ویران است
خواجه در بند نقش ایوان است
xāna az pāy-bast wīrān ast
xwāja dar band-i naqš-i ēwān ast

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


تزار

تزار • (tezâr) (plural تزارها (tezâr-hâ))


پابند

پابند • (pâband) (plural پابندها (pâband-hâ))

[pʰɔː.bǽn̪d̪̥]

[pʰɒː.bǽn̪d̪̥]


جه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(colloquial Dari) Kabuli and Hazaragi form of جا


بزرگ‌امید

بزرگامید (canonical)
bozorg-omid (romanization)

From بزرگ (bozorg, “big, great”) + امید (omid, ommid, “hope”).


شیدا

head

شیدا • (šeydâ) (plural شیدایان (šeydâyân))

Borrowed from Aramaic שידא (šēḏā) or Classical Syriac ܫܐܕܐ (šēḏā, “demon”), from Akkadian 𒀭𒆘 (šēdum, “a protective deity”).
For the semantic shift, compare مجنون (majnun, “mad, insane; enamored”), which is from جن (jinn, “demon”).


تشک

→ Khalaj: doşək


خربز

head

خربز • (xarboz) (plural خربزها (xarboz-hâ))

خربزه خربزه#Persian


کالبد

کالبد • (kâlbod) (plural کالبدها (kâlbod-hâ))

→ Indonesian: kelebut

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kʾlpwt' /kālbod/, “body, shape, form”), from Ancient Greek καλοπόδιον (kalopódion, “shoemaker’s last”). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫐𐫀𐫓𐫁𐫏𐫅 (kʾlbyd /kālbid/) and Old Armenian կաղապար (kałapar), գաղափար (gałapʻar), Iranian loanwords. Doublet of قالب (qâleb), the same Greek word via Arabic.


یاکند

head

یاکند • (yâkand) (plural یاکندها (yâkand-hâ))

[jɔː.kʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[jɒː.kʰʲǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian yʾknd (yākand), from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos). Doublet of یاقوت (yâqut).


سنگک

سنگک • (sangak) (plural سنگکها (sangak-hâ))

→ Armenian: սանգակ (sangak)

→ Azerbaijani: səngək

مهدی عاشق نون سنگکه.
mahdi 'âšeq-e nun-(e)-sangak-e.
Mahdi loves sangak bread.


رفقا

[ɹo.fæ.ʁɒ́ː]

رفقاء رفقاء#Persian


سوخ

From Middle Iranian, whence also Old Armenian սոխ (sox). Further derivation uncertain, but probably ultimately Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *sogan, cognate to Southern Altai согоно (sogono), Tuvan согуна (soguna), Khakas соған (soğan), Bashkir һуған (huğan), Chuvash сухан (suh̬an), Azerbaijani soğan (“onion”), Turkish soğan, Old Turkic 𐰣𐰍𐰽 (soɣun), etc., all meaning “onion”; also borrowed into Mongolian as сонгино (songino). Compare that on the other hand the most widespread Turkic word for garlic, *sarïmsak, is borrowed from Iranian.

10th century, Kisai Marvazi:
می نَیابم نان خشک و سوخ شَب
تو همه حَلوا کنی در شب طَلَب
mē-nayābam nān-i xušk u sōx-i šab
tu hama halvā kunī dar šab talab
I cannot find even stale bread and onion to have for the dinner,
while you crave just confectionary at night!


بایکوت

بایکوت • (bâykot)

fa-noun

بایکوت • (bâykot)

From English, via Russian бойко́т (bojkót).


اضافه‌ها

head

اضافهها • (ezâfe-hâ)

اضافهها (canonical)
ezâfe-hâ (romanization)

اضافه اضافه#Persian


قدر

qadr (romanization)
qadar (romanization)

→ Bengali: কদর (kodor)

→ Chagatai: قدر (qadar)

→ Bashkir: ҡәҙәр (qəźər)

→ Kazakh: қадір (qadır)

Uyghur: قەدىر (qedir)

Uzbek: qadar

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़द्र (qadar)

Urdu: قَدَر (qadar)

→ Khalaj: -qadar

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: قدر

Azerbaijani: qədər

Ottoman Turkish: قدر

→ Crimean Tatar: qadar

desc

Turkish: (quantity, amount) kadar, (fate, destiny) kader

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਦਰ (kadar)

Punjabi: قدر (qadr)

preordained destiny, predestination, fate

قدر مطلق

قدر ظاهری


مولانا

head

مولانا • (mowlânâ)

fa-noun

مولانا • (mowlânâ)

→ Bengali: মওলানা (moōlana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौलाना (maulānā)

Urdu: مولانا (maulānā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مولانا (Mevlânâ)

Turkish: Mevlana

/mæwlɒːˈnɒː/

[moːlɒːˈnɒː]

From Arabic مَوْلَانَا (mawlānā), from مَوْلًى (mawlan, “lord”) + possessive suffix ـنَا (-nā).

maulana; a title for religious scholars, most famously held by the poet Rumi


عنصر

head

عنصر • (onsor) (plural عناصر (anâser/anâsor))


لام

Borrowed from Arabic لاَم. Ultimately from Phoenician 𐤋 (l, “lamedh”).


شهریه

Borrowed from Arabic شَهْرِيَّة (šahriyya).


آرشه

bow (used for playing various stringed musical instruments)


هشدار

head

هشدار • (hošdâr) (plural هشدارها (hošdâr-hâ))


افسردگی

[ʔäf.sʊɾ.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[ʔäf.sʊɾ.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[ʔäf.sʊɾ.d̪ä.ɡíː]

داروهای ضد افسردگی


گورکن

گورکن • (gôrkan) (plural گورکنها (gôrkan-hâ) or گورکنان (gôrkanân))

gôrkan (romanization)
گورکنها (plural)
گورکنان (plural)

→ Gujarati: ગોરકન (gorkan)

[ɡ̥uːɹ.kʰʲæn]

A compound of گور (gur, “grave”) + کَن (kan, “digger”).


رباب

head

رباب • (robâb)

fa-noun

رباب • (robâb)


فلک

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़लक (falak)

Urdu: فلک (falak)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਲਕ (falak)

Shahmukhi script: فلک (falak)

(literary) sky, the sphere of the heavens, the firmament


افطار

head

افطار • (eftâr)

fa-noun

افطار • (eftâr)

→ Gujarati: ઇફતાર (iphatār)

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔif.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔef.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔif.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

(Islam) Iftar, the evening meal that breaks each day's fast during Ramadan.


دفاع

head

دِفاع • (defâ')

fa-noun

دِفاع • (defâ')

وِزارَتِ دِفاع

دِفاعِ شَخْصی


متفکران

متفکر متفکر#Persian


شهروند

head

شَهروَند • (šahrvand) (plural شهروندان (šahrvandân) or شهروندها (šahrvand-hâ))

شَهروَند (canonical)
šahrvand (romanization)
شهروندان (plural)
شهروندها (plural)

[ʃäɦɾ.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʃäɦɾ.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʃɑːɾ.wǽn̪d̪]

[ʃɔːɾ.wǽn̪d̪̥]

[ʃæɦɹ.vǽn̪d̪̥]

[ʃäɦɾ.vǽn̪d̪]


ویولنسل

ویولنسل • (viyolonsel) (plural ویولنسلها (viyolonsel-hâ))

viyolonsel (romanization)
ویولنسلها (plural)


انتقام

انتقام • (enteqâm) (plural انتقامات (enteqâmât))

enteqâm (romanization)
انتقامات (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: انتقام (inteqām)

Hindi: इंतक़ाम (intaqām)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːm]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːm]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːm]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِقَام (intiqām).


ارشاد

head

ارشاد • (eršâd)

fa-noun

ارشاد • (eršâd)

[ʔɪɾ.ʃɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪɾ.ʃɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪɾ.ʃɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔiɾ.ʃɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔeɹ.ʃɒ́ːd̪̥]

وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی

Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance

guidance (especially religious or moral)


کشمکش

head

کشمکش • (kešmakeš) (plural کشمکشها (kešmakeš-hâ))

kešmakeš (romanization)
کشمکشها (plural)

Hindi: कशमकश (kaśamkaś)

[kʰäʃ.mä.kʰǽʃ]

[kʰäʃ.mä.kʰǽʃ]

[kʰäʃ.mä.kʰǽʃ]

[kʰäʃ.mä.kʰǽʃ]

[kʰʲeʃ.mæ.kʰʲéʃ]

[kʰʲæʃ.mæ.kʰʲǽʃ]

[kʰäʃ.mä.kʰǽʃ]

From کش (keš, bare imperative of کشیدن (kešidan, “to pull, to drag”)) + مکش (ma-keš, archaic negative imperative of کشیدن (kešidan)), literally “pull, don't pull!”.

af

کش
<pos:bare imperative of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کشیدن</i> (kešidan, “to pull, to drag”)>

مکش
<pos:archaic negative imperative of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کشیدن</i> (kešidan)>


مقاومت

head

مُقاوِمَت • (moqâvemat)

fa-noun

مُقاوِمَت • (moqâvemat)

مُقاوِمَت (canonical)
moqâvemat (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَاوَمَة (muqāwama).

bor+

محور مقاومت

او گفت که دشمنان مقاومت و کشورهای حامی آن در یمن، سوریه و عراق جنگ داخلی راه انداختند و آنها به دنبال راه انداختن جنگ داخلی در ایران و لبنان بودند و تا این لحظه در لبنان موفق به این کار نشدهاند.

2021, “سید حسن نصرالله: دشمنان مقاومت به دنبال راه انداختن جنگ داخلی در ایران و لبنان بودند”, in entekhab.ir, archived from the original on 2021-04-15:

He said that the enemies of the resistance and the countries that back them provoked civil war in Yemen, Syria and Iraq and that they were seeking to provoke civil war in Iran and Lebanon, and that up to this instant they have not been successful in doing so in Lebanon.

u goft ke došmanân-e moqâvemat o kešvar-hâ-ye hâmi-ye ân dar yaman, suriye o 'erâq jang-e dâxeli râh andâxtand va ân-hâ be donbâl-e râh andâxtan-e jang-e dâxeli dar irân o lobnân budand va tâ in lahze dar lobnân movaffaq be in kâr na-šode-and.


سقوط

سقوط هواپیما

سقوط روم

سقوط شاه

جز کنار بام خود نبود سقوط

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2153:

Indeed, there is no fall except [from] the edge of the roof.

(literal and figurative) fall, falling, downfall


ریاضی‌دان

head

ریاضیدان • (riyâzi-dân) (plural ریاضیدانان (riyâzidân-ân) or ریاضیدانها (riyâzi-dân-hâ))

ریاضیدان (canonical)
riyâzi-dân (romanization)
ریاضیدانان (plural)
ریاضیدانها (plural)

af

ریاضی + ـدان

fa-suffix

ریاضی + ـدان


کورتاژ

head

کورتاژ • (kurtâž or kôrtâž)

fa-noun

کورتاژ • (kurtâž or kôrtâž)

kurtâž (romanization)
kôrtâž (romanization)

[kʰoːɾ.t̪ʰɑːʒ]

[kʰoːɾ.t̪ʰɑːʒ]

[kʰoːɾ.t̪ʰɑːʒ]

[kʰʊːɾ.t̪ʰɔːʒ]

[kʰuːɹ.t̪ʰɒːʒ]


ساربان

head

ساربان • (sârebân) (plural ساربانان (sârebânân) or ساربانها (sârebân-hâ))

sârebân (romanization)
ساربانان (plural)
ساربانها (plural)

[sɑː.ɾi.ˈβɑːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

Borrowed from either Parthian 𐫘𐫀𐫡𐫤 (sʾrt /sārt/, “caravan”) or Sogdian [script needed] (sʾrth /sārt/, “caravan”).

bor

ای ساربان آهسته رو کآرام جانم میرود
وآن دل که با خود داشتم با دلستانم میرود
ey sârebân âheste rân k-ârâm-e jânam mi-ravad

12th century, Saadi, Divan (Ghazaliyyat), 268

v-ân del ke bâ xod dâštam bâ delsetânam mi-ravad

(archaic) caravanner, caravaneer (leader of caravan)

امیر حاجب سباشی را گفت ساربانان را بباید گفت تا اشتران دوردست تر نبرند.
amir hâjeb sabâši râ goft sârebânân râ bebâyad goft tâ oštorân dur-dast-tar nabarand.

11th century, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, Adib, page 453, cited in "ساربان", Dehkhoda Dictionary

Amir Hajib told Sabashi that the camel-keepers should be told not to bring the camels any farther.


حرام‌زاده

head

حَرامزادِه • (harâm--zâde) (plural حرامزادگان (harâm-zâdegân) or حرامزادهها (harâm-zâde-hâ))

حَرام زادِه (canonical)
harâm--zâde (romanization)
حرامزادگان (plural)
حرامزادهها (plural)

[hä.ɾɑːm zɑː.d̪ä]

[hä.ɾɑːm zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʔä.ɾɑːm zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʔä.ɾɔːm zɔː.d̪ä]


لرزش

لرزش و حرکات غیرقابل کنترل دست و پا

uncontrolled tremor and movements of hands and legs