غاسول

غاسول • (ğâsul)

fa-noun

غاسول • (ğâsul)


زنبورک

→ Georgian: ზამბურაკი (zamburaḳi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ंबूरक (zambūrak)

Urdu: زنبورک (zambūrak)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنبرك (zenberek), زمبرك (zemberek), زنبورك (zenbürek), զէնպէրէք (zenberek), զէմպէրէք (zemberek) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: zemberek
→ Arabic: زُنْبُرُك (zunburuk)
→ Armenian: զեմպերեկ (zemperek), զա̈մբա̈րա̈ (zämbärä)
→ Azerbaijani: zənbərək
→ Macedonian: земберек (zemberek)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зѐмберек, зѐмберик
Latin script: zèmberek, zèmberik

→ Uyghur: زەمبىرەك (zembirek)

From زنبور (zanbur, “wasp”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).

af

a kind of little cannon, culverin, falconet, zamburak

a kind of small arrowhead, as well as an arrow with such a head


مرتک

مردار سنگ
مردار سنگ#Persian

alternative form of مردار سنگ (mordâr-sang)


مردارسنگ

مردار سنگ
مردار سنگ#Persian

alternative spelling of مردار سنگ (mordâr-sang)


مرداسنگ

مردار سنگ
مردار سنگ#Persian


بوش

godly ordeal, lot of fate, divine decree


مازریون

head

مازریون • (mâzaryun)

fa-noun

مازریون • (mâzaryun)

desctree

→ Arabic: مَازَرْيُون (māzaryūn), مَازَر (māzar)
→ Medieval Hebrew: מאזריון
→ Medieval Latin: mezereon, almezereon, mezereum
→ Translingual: Daphne mezereum
→ English: mezereon, mezereum
→ French: mézéréon
→ Portuguese: mezereão
→ Spanish: mezereón
→ Middle Armenian: մազարիոն (mazarion) (or from Persian)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مازریون (mezeryon)

Turkish: mezeryon

From ماز (mâz, “oak gall”) + زریون (zaryun, “green, fresh”, literally “gold-coloured”), a dvandva after the berries and leaves of the plant, probably borrowed from another Iranian language as the second part of the compound is of restricted, literary use.

Daphne mezereum
Daphne mezereum#Translingual

mezereon, spurge-olive (Daphne mezereum)


پودینه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

پودنه پودنه#Persian

(Iran, nonstandard) Alternative form of پودنه (classical pūdina, iranian pudene, “pennyroyal”)


جر ثقیل‌ها

جر ثقیل
جر ثقیل#Persian


قلاووز

head

قلاووز • (qolâvuz)

fa-noun

قلاووز • (qolâvuz)

قلاوز قلاوز#Persian


مردار سنگ

desctree

مَرْدَاسَنْج

→ Arabic: مَرْدَاسَنْج (mardāsanj), مَرْتَك (martak)
→ Spanish: almortaga
→ Persian: مرداسنج

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַרְתְּבָא (marteḵā)

Classical Syriac: ܡܲܪܕܟܵܐ (mardəḵā), ܡܲܪܬܟܵܐ (martəḵā), ܡܘܼܪܕܟܵܐ (murdəḵā)

→ Chinese: 密陀僧 (mìtuósēng) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुरदासंख (murdāsaṅkh)

Urdu: مرداسنگ (murdā-sang), مردارسنگ (murdār-sang, “litharge”)

→ Sanskrit: मोदारशृङ्ग (modāraśṛṅga)

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[muɾ.d̪ɔːɾ.sǽŋɡ̥]

[moɹ.d̪ɒːɹ.sǽɲɡʲ̥]

"Dead stone," from سنگ (“stone”) + مردار (“corpse, dead thing”).


جر ثقیل

head

جر ثقیل • (jar(r)-e saqil) (plural جر ثقیلها (jar(r)-e saqil-hâ))

From Arabic جَرّ (jarr, “pulling”) + Arabic ثَقِيل (ṯaqīl, “heavy, weighty”).


زرآوند

زراوند زراوند#Persian

alternative spelling of زراوند (zarâvand)


دار فلفل

dâr felfel (romanization)
dâr-e felfel (romanization)

دارفلفل دارفلفل#Persian


زراوند

Tajik: зарованд (zarovand)

→ Arabic: زَرَاوَنْد (zarāwand)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զրաւանդ (zrawand), զրաւանտ (zrawant), զրեւանդ (zrewand), զրեանդ (zreand)

→ Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: зәравәнд

Latin script: zəravənd

→ Ottoman Turkish: زراوند (zeravend)

Turkish: zeravent

→ Uyghur: زىراۋەندە (zirawende)

[zä.ɾɔː.wǽn̪d̪̥]

[zæ.ɹɒː.vǽn̪d̪̥]

From زر (zar, “gold”) + آوند (âvand, “vessel”).


دارفلفل

Borrowed from Arabic دَارْفِلْفِل (dārfilfil).

bor+

دَارْفِلْفِل


اظهارات

head

اظهارات • (ezhârât)

اظهار اظهار#Persian


خویشتنداری

خویشتنداری • (xištandâri)

fa-noun

خویشتنداری • (xištandâri)

[xeːʃ.t̪ʰän̪.d̪ɑː.ɾiː]

[xeːʃ.t̪ʰän̪.d̪ɑː.ɾiː]

[xeːʃ.t̪ʰän̪.d̪ɑː.ɾiː]

[xiːʃ.t̪ʰæn̪.d̪ɒː.ɹiː]

LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-خویشتنداری.wav


ابراز

head

ابراز • (ebrâz)

fa-noun

ابراز • (ebrâz)

این ابراز نظر عمومی است


ققنس

head

ققنس • (qaqnos) (plural ققنسها (qaqnos-hâ))

→ Urdu: ققنس (qaqnus)

ققنوس ققنوس#Persian


جرثقیل

جر ثقیل
جر ثقیل


כתאב

כתאב • (ketâb)

בדאן כה אין כתאב בן המלך והנזיר אוֿלא בזבאן יונאני בודה אסת ותֿאני בלגֿת ערבי אנתקאל יאפֿתה.

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

Know that this book, The Prince and the Ascetic, was first in Greek and secondly translated into the Arabic language.

bedân ke in ketâb-e ben ha-malak wa ha-nazer avvalan be zabân-e yunân bude ast o sâni be loğat-e arab enteqâl yâfte.

کتاب کتاب#Persian


کله

→ Azerbaijani: kəllə

→ Gujarati: કલ્લા (kallā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلله (kalle, kelle)

> Turkish: kelle (inherited)

→ Uyghur: كاللا (kalla)

→ Turkmen: kelle

From Proto-Iranian *kalā-, *kallā-, *kālā- (“head”), probably from a continuum of sound-symbolic Iranian words denoting round objects of unknown further origin. Note, however, phonetic and semantic similarities to Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ (“head”).


ایلخان

ایلخان • (ilxân) (plural ایلخانان (ilxânân))


روان‌شناس

روانشناس • (ravân-šenâs)

fa-noun

روانشناس • (ravân-šenâs)

روانشناس (canonical)
ravân-šenâs (romanization)

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[ɹæ.vɒ́ːn ʃe.nɒ́ːs]

af

روان (ravân) + ـشناس (šenâs)


مشارکت

head

مشارکت • (mošârekat) (plural مشارکتها (mošârekat-hâ))

mošârekat (romanization)
مشارکتها (plural)

[mʊ.ʃɑː.ɾä.kʰǽt̪]

[mʊ.ʃɑː.ɾä.kʰǽt̪]

[mʊ.ʃɑː.ɾä.kʰǽt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka).

bor+

مشارکت مردم در تولید و رشد اقتصادی

public participation in economic production and growth

mošârekat-e mardom dar towlid o rošd-e eqtesâdi


ملایان

head

ملایان • (mollâyân)


کمک‌های

كمكهاى • (komâkhâi)

fa-noun

كمكهاى • (komâkhâi)

كمكهاى (canonical)
komâkhâi (romanization)

[kʰʊ.mɑː.kʰɑː.ˈiː]


سودا

head

سودا • (sowdâ)

fa-noun

سودا • (sowdâ)

→ Bashkir: сауҙа (sawźa)

→ Bengali: সওদা (śoōda)

→ Chagatai: سودا

Uyghur: سودا (soda)

Uzbek: savdo

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सौदा (saudā)

Urdu: سودا (sodā)

→ Kazakh: сауда (sauda)

→ Turkmen: söwda


سودا

head

سودا • (sowdâ)

fa-noun

سودا • (sowdâ)


خودکشی از ترس مرگ

head

خودکشی از ترس مرگ • (xod-koši az tars-e marg)

Literally: “suicide for fear of death”. Eventually from German Selbstmord aus Angst vor dem Tod, after a bonmot by Otto von Bismarck.

(idiomatic) a hazardous and foredoomed course of action taken by someone who finds themselves in a slowly but continuously deteriorating position


طالع

طالِع • (tâle')

fa-noun

طالِع • (tâle')

[t̪ʰɑː.lɪ́ʔ]

[t̪ʰɑː.lɪ́ʔ]

کوکبِ بختِ مرا هیچ منجم نشناخت
 یا رب از مادرِ گیتی به چه طالع زادم؟

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 317”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

No astrologer knows the star of my fate;
O Lord, under what horoscope was I born from Mother Earth?

kawkab-i baxt-i ma-rā hēč munajjim na-šināxt
yā rabb az mādar-i gētī ba či tāli' zādam?

horoscope; omen; star of fortune (in astrology)

طالع اگر مدد دهد، دامنش آورم به کف
گر بکشم زهی طرب، ور بکشد زهی شرف

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 296”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

If the lucky star helps me, I will take her skirt in my hand;
If I draw her in, how joyful! If she kills me then, how noble!

tāli' agar madad dihad, dāman-aš āwaram ba kaf
gar bikašam zahē tarab, gar bikošad zahē šaraf


فراکسیون

head

فراکسیون • (ferâksyon) (plural فراکسیونها (ferâksyon-hâ))

ferâksyon (romanization)
فراکسیونها (plural)

Borrowed from French fraction (“wing, faction”), from Latin fractio. The sense “parliamentary group” may be an influence from Russian фракция (frakcija) and/or German Fraktion.


چشمک

head

چشمک • (češmak)

fa-noun

چشمک • (češmak)

Azerbaijani: çeşmək

Urdu: چشمک

[t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽk]

[t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽk]

[t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽk]

[t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽk]

[t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽk]


شهله

head

شهله • (šahle)

fa-noun

شهله • (šahle)


اصفهانی

head

اصفهانی • (esfahâni)

fa-noun

اصفهانی • (esfahâni)

[ʔɪs.fä.ɦɑː.níː]

[ʔɪs.fä.ɦɑː.níː]

[ʔɪs.fɑːɑː.níː]


دهلیز

desctree

→ Arabic: دِهْلِيز (dihlīz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دهلیز (dehliz)
Turkish: dehliz

→ Azerbaijani: dəhliz

→ Hindi: दहलीज़ (dahlīz)

→ Kazakh: дәліз (dälız)

→ Northern Kurdish: dehliz

→ Urdu: دہلیز (dahlīz)

→ Uzbek: dahliz

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dʾhlyc /dahlīz/, “portico”), from Old Persian [Term?] (/duvarθi-/, “portico, colonnade”), from 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (du-v-r-y-a /duvar-/, “door, gate”). Compare Old Armenian դահլիճ (dahlič), Old Georgian დალიჭი (dalič̣i), Iranian borrowings.


سیاحت

→ Azerbaijani: səyahət

→ Turkish: seyahat

→ Uzbek: sayohat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सियाहत (siyāhat)

Urdu: سِیاحَت (siyāhat)

Kazakh: саяхат (saäxat)


دیبا

head

دیبا • (dêbâ)

fa-noun

دیبا • (dêbâ)

→ Georgian: დიბა (diba)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیبا (diba)

Turkish: diba

→ Serbo-Croatian: díba

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dypʾk' /dēbāg/, “brocade”), probably a derivative of Proto-Iranian *diHp- (“to shine, light up”), due to the sheen imparted by the gold and silver in traditional brocades; see Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, to glow”) for more on the root. Compare also the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դիպակ (dipak), Classical Syriac ܕܝܒܓܐ (dybgʾ /dēybāḡā/), Arabic دِيبَاج (dībāj).


چاره

head

چاره • (čâre)

fa-noun

چاره • (čâre)

→ Azerbaijani: çarə

→ Bashkir: сара (sara)

→ Gujarati: ચારા (cārā)

→ Iraqi Arabic: چارة

→ Kazakh: шара (şara)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاره (çare)
Turkish: çare
→ Albanian: çare
→ Armenian: չարէ (čʻarē), չարա (čʻara)
→ Macedonian: чаре (čare)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cʾlk' /čārag/, “means, remedy”), suffixed form of synonymous [Book Pahlavi needed] (cʾl /čār/), ultimately probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do; to make; to build”). Akin to Old Armenian ճարակ (čarak), an Iranian borrowing.


جودت

→ Bashkir: Йәүҙәт (Yəwźət)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جودت (Cevdet)
Turkish: Cevdet
→ Arabic: جَوْدَت (jawdat)


شجره

→ Urdu: شجرہ (śajarā)

[ʃä.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[ʃä.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[ʃä.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[ʃä.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

[ʃæ.d͡ʒæ.ɹe]

[ʃä.d͡ʒä.ɾä]


مکوک

head

مکوک • (makôk)

fa-noun

مکوک • (makôk)

desc

→ Armenian: մաքոք (makʻokʻ), մքոք (mkʻokʻ), մքուք (mkʻukʻ) — dialectal

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܟܘܟܐ (mākūkā)

→ Georgian: მაქო (mako)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مكیك (mekik), مكوك (mekuk, mekük)
Turkish: mekik
→ Albanian: miqik
→ Armenian: մեքիք (mekʻikʻ)
→ Bulgarian: меки́к (mekík)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: mȅćik, mèćik, mèćīk
Cyrillic script: ме̏ћик, мѐћик, мѐћӣк

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mkwk' /makōg/, “boat”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian մակոյկ (makoyk), Aramaic מָקוֹק (māqōq), Classical Syriac ܡܩܘܩ (māqōq) Arabic مَكُّوك (makkūk). The ‘boat’ → ‘weaver's shuttle’ sense development is common to many languages.


عصیان

head

عصیان • (esyân)

fa-noun

عصیان • (esyân)

از لب دریای مغرب تا لب دریای چین
کیست کاو را زهرهٔ عصیان سلطان سنجرست

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

From the shores of the Moroccan sea to the shores of the Chinese sea,
Who is it that has the daring to disobey Sultan Sanjar?

az lab-i daryā-yi mağrib tā lab-i daryā-yi čin
kē-st k-ō rā zahra-yi isyān-i sultān sanjar ast


شجاعت

šojâ'at (romanization)
šajâ'at (romanization)

[ʃʊ.d͡ʒɑː.ʔät̪]

[ʃä.d͡ʒɑː.ʔät̪]

[ʃʊ.d͡ʒɑː.ʔät̪]

[ʃä.d͡ʒɑː.ʔät̪]

[ʃʊ.d͡ʒɑːät̪]

[ʃä.d͡ʒɑːät̪]

[ʃu.d͡ʒɔːät̪]

[ʃä.d͡ʒɔːät̪]

[ʃo.d͡ʒɒː.ʔæt̪]

[ʃæ.d͡ʒɒː.ʔæt̪]

[ʃu.d͡ʒɔ.ʔät̪]

[ʃä.d͡ʒɔ.ʔät̪]

Borrowed from Arabic شَجَاعَة (šajāʕa). The usual pronunciation with -o- after the adjective شُجَاع (šojâ'), from Arabic شُجَاع (šujāʕ, “courageous”).


قوری

→ Gulf Arabic: غوري (ḡūri)

→ Malay: guri / ݢوري (“small waterpot with a spout”)

Indonesian: guri

Altered, since this is spoken in Modern Iranian Persian identically, from غوری (ğôri, “a sort of porcelain”), from Japanese 屈輪, 倶利 (guri, “a kind of curved lacquer design used in 堆朱 (tsuishu, “red lacquer carving”) and 堆黒 (tsuikoku, “black lacquer carving”)”).


پدرشاهی

head

پدرشاهی • (pedaršâhi)

fa-noun

پدرشاهی • (pedaršâhi)


پدرسالاری

head

پدرسالاری • (pedarsâlâri)

fa-noun

پدرسالاری • (pedarsâlâri)


جاروبرقی

head

جاروبَرْقِی • (jârubarqi) (plural جاروبرقیها (jârubarqi-hâ))

جاروبَرْقِی (canonical)
jârubarqi (romanization)
جاروبرقیها (plural)

desc

بَرْقی جھاڑُو

Urdu: بَرْقی جھاڑُو (barqī jhāṛū, “vacuum cleaner, electric broom”)

[d͡ʒɒː.ɹuː.bæɹ.ɢiː]

From جارو (jâru, “broom”) + بَرْقِی (barqi, “electric”).


دنگل

dangel (romanization)
dengel (romanization)

wittol, cuckold privy to his wife's infidelity


دنگل

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: दंगल (daṅgal, “arena”), दंगा (daṅgā, “riot; disturbance”)

Urdu: دنگل (daṅgal, “arena”), دنگا (dangā, “riot; disturbance”)

From دنگ (“knee”), derived from Old Persian *danu-, from Proto-Iranian *jā́nu. Doublet of زنگار. Compare زانو (“knee”), Ossetian зӕнг (zæng, “shin”).


اعتدال

head

اعتدال • (e'tedâl)

fa-noun

اعتدال • (e'tedâl)

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]

[ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِدَال (iʕtidāl).

bor+

حفظ اعتدال

نه بینی که زندگانی چراغ از روغن است، پس اگر بیحد و اندازه در چراغ روغن کنی در حال چراغ بمیرد و هم آن روغن که سبب مردن بود چون به اعتدال بود سبب حیات باشد و آن اسراف سبب ممات او بود، پس معلوم شد که چراغ از روغن زنده بود، چون از اعتدال بگذرد اسراف پدید آید و هم بدان روغن که زنده بود هم بدان روغن بمیرد

Do you not see that the life of an oil lamp comes from the oil? [But] if you put too much oil in the lamp, it will immediately be extinguished. Further, when the oil which caused [the fire] to be extinguished is applied in moderation, the oil causes [the fire] to live. It is excess that causes [the fire] to be extinguished. Then it becomes clear that the lamp lives thanks to the oil. When one goes beyond moderation, excess comes about, and [the lamp] is extinguished by that very oil by which it lived.

na bīnī ki zindagānī-yi čirāğ az rōğan ast, pas agar bi hadd u andāza dar čirāğ rōğan kunī dar hāl čirāğ bimīrad u ham ān rōğan ki sabab-i mordan buwad čūn ba i'tidāl buwad sabab-i hayāt bāšad u ān asrāf sabab-i mamāt-i ō buwad, pas ma'lūm šud ki čirāğ az rōğan zinda buwad, čūn az i'tidāl biguḏarad asrāf padīd āyad u ham bad-ān rōğan ki zinda buwad ham bad-ān rōğan bimīrad.

اعتدال بهاری

اعتدال پاییزی


قپون

قپان قپان#Persian

(colloquial-un) spoken form of قپان (qapân)


کپان

head

کپان • (kapân)

fa-noun

کپان • (kapân)

قپان قپان#Persian


قپان

head

قپان • (qapân)

fa-noun

قپان • (qapân)

→ Azerbaijani: qapan

→ Turkish: kapan

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek κάμπανος (kámpanos), γάμπανος (gámpanos), from Latin campāna.


نایژه

head

نایژه • (nâyže) (plural نایژگان or نایژهها (nâyže-hâ))

nâyže (romanization)
نایژگان (plural)
نایژهها (plural)


آنارشیسم

آنارشیسم • (ânâršism)

fa-noun

آنارشیسم • (ânâršism)

[ʔɒː.nɒːɹ.ʃíːsm]


اوزون برون

Borrowed from Turkish uzun burun (literally “long nose”).

bor+

sevruga, starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus)


استراق

head

استراق • (esterâq)

fa-noun

استراق • (esterâq)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːq]

[ʔes.t̪ʰe.ɹɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِرَاق (istirāq).

bor+

استراق سمع
استراق سمع#Persian


دهنه

From Middle Persian *dahanag. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դահանակ (dahanak), Classical Syriac ܕܗܢܓ (dhng), Arabic دَهْنَج (dahnaj), دَهَنَج (dahanaj), all ascribed the meaning malachite. Doublet of دهنج (dahnaj) from the Arabic.

a precious stone of a thick greenish colour


مینو

→ Urdu: مینو (mīnū)

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫇𐫃 (mynwg /mēnōg/, “the spiritual world, the intangible world”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (maⁱniiu, “spirit”). Doublet of مینا (minâ), from the Middle Persian’s Arabic descendant.
In Zoroastrianism
In Zoroastrianism, mēnōg is the antonym of gētīg (“the physical world, the tangible world”), modern گیتی (giti, “world”). The spiritual realm of mēnōg has existed eternally, but the good god Ohrmazd created the physical world of gētīg, where humans currently live, as an arena to permanently defeat the evil god Ahriman. The opposition between these two terms did not survive into Islam, although see early quotations such as the one given below.
The Arabic loan suggests that already in Middle Persian, the word could mean "emerald" or "glass" as intangible and ethereal substances, although this is not directly attested.

inh

فرستاد هرسو به کشور پیام
که چون سرو کشمر به گیتی کدام
ز مینو فرستاد زی من خدای
مرا گفت زینجا به مینو گرای

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Gushtāsp”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He sent a message to the countries of all directions:
"Where is anything like the cypress of Kashmar in the world [gētī]?
The Lord sent it to me from paradise [mīnō],
He told me to ascend to paradise [mīnō] thereby."

firistād har sō ba kišwar payām
ki čūn sarw-i kašmar ba gētī kudām
zi mīnō firistād zī man xudāy
ma-rā guft z-īnjā ba mīnō girāy


شالی

head

شالی • (šâli)

fa-noun

شالی • (šâli)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शालि (śāli, “rice”).


شلتوک

head

شلتوک • (šaltôk)

fa-noun

شلتوک • (šaltôk)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: çəltik
→ Armenian: չալթուկ (čʻaltʻuk)
→ Russian: чалты́к (čaltýk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چلتیك (çeltik), چلتوك (çeltük), چیلتیك (çiltik), شلتوك (şeltük)
Turkish: çeltik

From شالی (šâli), same, + توک (tôk, “bundle, fagot; handle, grip”).


نیفه

head

نیفه • (nêfa)

fa-noun

نیفه • (nêfa)

→ Punjabi: ਨੇਫ਼ਾ (nefā)

From Middle Persian, whence also Arabic نَيْفَق (nayfaq), related to نافه (nâfa, “musk bag, gland of the musk deer”), ناف (nâf, “navel”). The meaning development is “musk bag”, “drawstring bag”, “any such fastening”, “particularly such at trousers”.

the top middle area of a pair of trousers or drawers where a cord goes through to support the two legs, waistband or a certain part thereof

(obsolete) hide of a dead animal, particularly belly-skin

(obsolete) a square wrapper in which wearing-apparel is folded up


کما

head

کما • (komâ)

fa-noun

کما • (komâ)

coma, a prolonged state of unconsciousness


کما

→ Translingual: Ferula kuma

Borrowed from Aramaic קוֹמָּא (qommā) / ܩܘܡܐ (qommā, “acacia gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “acacia gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

der

(modernly employed for) various Ferula and what is now Dorema species


کما

kamâ (romanization)
kemâ (romanization)
komâ (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic كِمّ (kimm, “calyx, envelope”).


کما

head

کما • (kamâ)

fa-noun

کما • (kamâ)

Derived from Arabic كُمّ (kumm, “sleeve”)


شکست

→ Azerbaijani: şikəst

→ Gujarati: શિકસ્ત (śikast)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शिकस्त (śikast)

Urdu: شکست (śikast)

→ Marathi: शिकस्त (śikasta)

→ Northern Kurdish: şikest, şikist

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਿਕਸਤ (śiksat)

→ Tamil: சிகஸ்து (cikastu)

Past stem of the verb شکستن (šekastan, “to break”).


انزروت

desctree

→ Arabic: عَنْزَرُوت (ʕanzarūt), أَنْزَرُوت (ʔanzarūt)
→ Old French: anserout
Middle French: anserout, ansarot, anserot
→ Old Spanish: anzarote, azarote, anzarot, ansarote, ansarot, anxarot, anzaroth
Medieval Latin: acarud, acarudus
→ Ottoman Turkish: عنزروت (anzerut)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܥܢܙܪܘܬ (ʕanzarūṯ), ܐܢܙܪܘܬ (ʔanzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܬ (ʔīzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܝ (ʔīzarūy), ܐܙܪܘܝ (ʔəzzarūy), ܥܙܪܘܝ (ʕəzzarūy), ܐܢܙܪܘܝ (ʔanzarūy)

→ Middle Armenian: անծրութ (ancrutʻ)

Armenian: անձրութ (anjrutʻ)

→ Old Catalan: angelot

→ Old Provençal: angelot

→ Coptic: ⲁⲛⲥⲁⲣⲱⲑ (ansarōth)

→ Old Italian: angerutto

→ Ottoman Turkish: انزروت (enzerut)

Turkish: anzarot

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔæn.zæ.ɹúːt̪]

sarcocolla (resin of A. sarcocolla and a few similar shrubs)


خزینه‌دار

خزینهدار (canonical)
xazine-dâr (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: xəzinədar

→ Georgian: ხაზინადარი (xazinadari)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خزینهدار (hazinedar)
Turkish: hazinedar

→ Uzbek: xazinador

From خزینه + ـدار.

af

خزینه + ـدار


دغد

head

دغد • (doğd) (plural دغدها (doğd-hâ) or دغدان (doğdân))

doğd (romanization)
دغدها (plural)
دغدان (plural)

Borrowed from Sogdian [Term?], from Proto-Iranian *dúgdā. Akin to Persian دختر (doxtar, “girl, daughter”) and Persian دخت (doxt, “daughter, damsel”).


بیو

بیو • (bayu) (plural بیوها (bayu-hâ) or بیوکان)

bayu (romanization)
بیوها (plural)
بیوکان (plural)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/wayūg/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ-.
Cognate with Zazaki veyve, Northern Kurdish bûk, Laki بهوی (bewî), Southern Kurdish وەۊ (weẅ), Bakhtiari بیو (bayū) or بَهیگ (bahīg), Talysh ويو (vayu, vayü), ویی (vēi), Southern Luri بیگ (beyg, boyg)

Sanai, “The Walled Garden of Truth”
برهی گر کنی مردی خو، از خوشی و خشو و ننگ بیو.
berahi gar koni mard-i xu, az xoši o xašu o nang-e bayu.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


مصلحت

مَصلَحَت (canonical)
maslahat (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مَصْلَحَة (maṣlaḥa).


ستل

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek σίτλα (sítla), from Latin situla.


شومین

šumin (romanization)
šomin (romanization)

→ Middle Armenian: շոմին (šomin)

→ Armenian: շոմեն (šomen) (New Julfa)


اسپندان

head

اسپندان • (espandân)

fa-noun

اسپندان • (espandân)

desc

أَسْبَنْدَار

أَسْبَنْذَار

أَسْبِنْدَار

أَسْبِنْذَار

أَسْفِنْذَار

→ Arabic: أَسْبَنْدَار (ʔasbandār), أَسْبَنْذَار (ʔasbanḏār), أَسْبِنْدَار (ʔasbindār), أَسْبِنْذَار (ʔasbinḏār), أَسْفِنْدار (ʔasfindār), أَسْفِنْذَار (ʔasfinḏār), أَسْفَنْد (ʔasfand) (obsolete, uncommon)

→ Urdu: اسپندان (ispandān)

Containing the word for “white”, now سفید (safêd). Probably also confounded with اسپند (espand, “Syrian rue”) and containing دان (dân, “seed”). Forms auslauting in /ɾ/ are contaminated by کندر (kondor, “olibanum-tree; olibanum”)-


اسفرزه

اسپرزه اسپرزه#Persian


زافه

head

زافه • (zâfe)

fa-noun

زافه • (zâfe)

Akin to Persian ژافه (žâfe), Persian جعفری (ja'fari).

16th century, Mohammad Qāsem Soruri, Farhang-e Soruri
من یکی زافه بدم خشک و به فرغانه شدم، مورد گشتم تر و شد قامت چون نارونا.
man yek-i zâfe badam xošk o be farğâne šodam, mowred gaštam tar o šod qâmat čon nâromâ.


چیلک

head

چیلک • (čilak)

fa-noun

چیلک • (čilak)

چیالک چیالک#Persian

Alternative form of چیالک (čiyâlak, “strawberry”)


اسبغول

head

اسبغول • (esbağul)

fa-noun

اسبغول • (esbağul)

اسپرزه اسپرزه#Persian


اسپغول

head

اسپغول • (espağul)

fa-noun

اسپغول • (espağul)

[ʔɪs.pʰä.ɣóːl]

[ʔɪs.pʰä.ɣóːl]

[ʔɪs.pʰä.ɣóːl]

[ʔis.pʰä.ɣʊ́ːl̥]

اسپرزه اسپرزه#Persian


جوره

→ Uzbek: joʻra

From earlier همجوره (hamjōra, “friend, one who is similar (similar minded)”). Equivalent to جور (jur, “similar, familiar”) + ـه (e).
Refer to هم (ham), and جور (jur).

19th century, “Masih Kashani, Farhang-e Anandraj”
شهباز فلک جوره ٔ این کرکس نیست. در دهر کسی همسر این ناکس نیست
šahbâz-e falak jure-ye in karkas nist, dar dahr kas-i hamsar-e in nâkas nist.


آتش‌پرست

آتشپرست (canonical)
âtaš-parast (romanization)

Azerbaijani: atəşpərəst

Turkish: ateşperest

Uzbek: otashparast

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.pʰæ.ɹǽst̪]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]


کبر

→ Azerbaijani: kəvər

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քապար (kʻapar), քապարայ (kʻaparay)

Related to Ancient Greek κάππαρις (kápparis) and Old Armenian կապար (kapar).


دوپیکر

From دو (do, “two”) + پیکر (peykar, “form, figure”).


گاس

Related to گاه (gâh), آگاه (âgâh), and نگاه (negâh).

(dialectal, Isfahan, Fars region) maybe, perhaps


گاس

گاتا گاتا#Persian


پیشوا

head

پیشوا • (pišvâ)

fa-noun

پیشوا • (pišvâ)

→ Azerbaijani: pişva

→ Bengali: পেশওয়া (peśōẇa)

→ Gujarati: પેશવા (peśvā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पेशवा (peśvā)

Urdu: پیشوا (peśvā)

→ Kannada: ಪೇಷ್ವೆ (pēṣve)

→ Malayalam: പേഷ്വ (pēṣva)

→ Marathi: पेशवा (peśvā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیشوا (pişüva, pişiva)
Turkish: pişüva, pişiva (archaic)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੇਸ਼ਵਾ (peśvā)

Shahmukhi script: پیشوا (peśoā)

desc

→ Tamil: பேஷ்வா (pēṣvā)

→ Tamil: பேஷ்வா (pēṣvā)

→ Telugu: పీష్వా (pīṣvā)

[pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]

[pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]

[pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]

[pʰeːʃ.wɔ́ː]

[pʰiːʃ.vɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pyšʾwpʾd /pēšōbāy/, “leader, vanguard”).

inh

ور کشم باری بدانم تا کجا
ماهم و خورشید پیشم پیشوا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3809:

And if I am dragging a burden, I know whither:
I am the moon, and the Sun is in front of me as the guide.

waz kašam bar-ē bi-dānam tā kujā
māh-am u xwarshēd pīš-am pēšwā

one who is a model, someone whom others follow or imitate, guide, exemplar, initiator, instructor


چهارطاق

head

چهارطاق • (čahârtâq)

fa-noun

چهارطاق • (čahârtâq)

چارطاق چارطاق#Persian


چهارتاق

head

چهارتاق • (čahârtâq)

fa-noun

چهارتاق • (čahârtâq)

چارطاق چارطاق#Persian


چارتاق

head

چارتاق • (čârtâq)

fa-noun

چارتاق • (čârtâq)

چارطاق چارطاق#Persian


چنگی

head

چنگی • (čangi)

fa-noun

چنگی • (čangi)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنگی (çengi)
Turkish: çengi
→ Albanian: çengi
→ Aromanian: cinghíe
→ Bulgarian: чинги́я (čingíja)
→ Macedonian: ченгија (čengija)
→ Romanian: cinghíe
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чѐнгија
Latin script: čèngija

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰæɲ.ɡʲíː]


چنبر

→ Arabic: شَنْبَر (šanbar)

→ Kazakh: шеңбер (şeñber)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنبر (çember)
Turkish: çember
→ Albanian: çember
→ Armenian: (Constantinople) չէմպէր (čʻēmpēr), (Van) չա̈մբա̈ր (čʻämbär)
→ Aromanian: cimbér
→ Bulgarian: чембер (čember)
→ Greek: τσεμπέρι (tsempéri)
→ Macedonian: чембер (čember)
→ Romanian: cember, cimbir, cimber, ciumber, ciumbir, gimbir, gimber, giumber, giumbir
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чѐмбер
Latin script: čèmber

[t͡ʃʰäm.bǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.bǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.bǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.bǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰæm.bǽɹ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.bǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cmbl /čambar/). Akin to Old Armenian ճամբար (čambar, “camp; collar”), Classical Syriac ܨܰܡܒܳܪܳܐ (ṣambārā, “lunate ornament”), Iranian borrowings.


شب‌بو

head

شببو • (šab-bô)

fa-noun

شببو • (šab-bô)

شببوی شببوی#Persian


شب‌بوی

head

شببوی • (šab-bôy) (plural شببویان (šab-bôyân))

شببوی (canonical)
šab-bôy (romanization)
شببویان (plural)

→⇒? Armenian: շահպրակ (šahprak)

→ Azerbaijani: şəbbu

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: شببوی (şebboy, şebbuy), شهبوی (şehboy)

Turkish: şebboy, şebbuy

→ Albanian: sheboj, shebuk

→ Armenian: շէխպօյ (šēxpōy), շէհպօյ (šēhpōy), շեհպո (šehpo), շա̈բօ (šäbō)

→ Bulgarian: шибо́й (šibój), шебо́й (šebój) — dated

→ Macedonian: шебој (šeboj)

→ Romanian: șiboi (archaic)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шѐбој

Latin script: šèboj

From شب (šab, “night”) + بوی (buy, “fragrance”).


چارطاق

head

چارطاق • (čârtâq)

fa-noun

چارطاق • (čârtâq)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: چارطاق (çartak, çardak)

Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: чардаг

Latin script: çardaq

Arabic script: چارداق

Ottoman Turkish: چارطاق (çardak)

Turkish: çardak

→ Armenian: չարդախ (čʻardax)

→ Albanian: çardak

→ Aromanian: cirdache, cerdache, cardache

→ Bulgarian: чарда́к (čardák), черда́к (čerdák)

→ Crimean Tatar: çardak

→ Greek: τσαρδάκι (tsardáki), τσαρδί (tsardí)

→ Hungarian: csárda

→ Karaim: чардак, чардакъ, чардах, цардак

→ Macedonian: чардак (čardak)

→ Romanian: cerdac, ceardac, ciardac

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ча̏рда̄к

Latin script: čȁrdāk

→ Ukrainian: чарда́к (čardák, “deck of a ship”)

→ Bulgar:

→? Proto-Slavic: *čьrtogъ

East Slavic:

Russian: черто́г (čertóg)

Ukrainian: черто́г (čertóh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрътогъ (črŭtogŭ)

Old Serbian: чртог, чртаг

→ Karakalpak:

Cyrillic script: шердақ

Latin script: sherdaq

→ Russian: черда́к (čerdák) (via some Turkic language)

[t͡ʃɑːɾ.ˈtɑːq]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɾ.t̪ʰɑ́ːq]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɾ.t̪ʰɑ́ːq]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɾ.t̪ʰɑ́ːq]

[t͡ʃʰɔːɾ.t̪ʰɔ́ːq]

[t͡ʃʰɒːɹ.t̪ʰɒ́ːɢ̥]

[t͡ʃʰɔɾ.t̪ʰɔ́q]

From چار (čâr, “four”) + طاق (tâq, “arch”).


سیورسات

سورسات سورسات#Persian


حلتیت

Borrowed from Arabic حِلْتِيت (ḥiltīt, “asafoetida”), itself from Aramaic חלתיתא (ḥeltīṯā, “asafoetida”).

bor+

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

hing, devil's dung (Ferula assa-foetida)


سورسات

head

سورسات • (sursât)

fa-noun

سورسات • (sursât)

→ Avar: сурсат (sursat)

desc

→ Armenian: սուրսաթ (sursatʻ), սուրուսաթ (surusatʻ) [17th c.]

→ Azerbaijani: sursat

→ Chechen: сурсат (sursat)

→ English: soorsaut

→ Georgian: სურსათი (sursati)

→ Lak: сурсат (sursat)

→ Lezgi: суьрсет (sürset)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سورسات (sürsat), سرسات (sürsat), سورصات (sürsat)
→ Turkish: sürsat

Because of the measure a likely Turkic or Mongolic borrowing but the root is uncertain, first attested in both Persian and Ottoman Turkish in the 17th century, perhaps from Azerbaijani sür (“to drive, to push, to send”) + sat (“to sell”), for contributions may involve forced sales or “sales” for free, and the frequent variant سیورسات (soyursât) is perhaps aligned to سیورغال (soyurğâl, “hereditary benefice”).

bor

marching rations, requisitions, contributions raised by the army and various officials for war, the reigner when he travelled, couriers, and state guests squired by mehmandars


پاسداران

head

پاسداران • (pâsdârân)

پاسدار پاسدار#Persian


تیله

→ Gulf Arabic: تيلة (tīla)

Of Iranic origin; perhaps entered standard Persian as a dialectal form or from another Iranian language.
Compare Classical Persian دیده (dīda, “iris, eye”), Middle Persian tytk' (*tīdag, “pupil”), and Baluchi تیلگ (tilag, “eye”).


دست‌نماز

دستنماز (canonical)
dast-namâz (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: dəstəmaz

From دست (dast, “hand”) + نماز (namâz, “prayer”).

affix

(Islam) wudu (ritual washing before prayer)


کشیش

head

کشیش • (kašiš) (plural کشیشها (kašiš-hâ) or کشیشان (kašišân))

kašiš (romanization)
کشیشها (plural)
کشیشان (plural)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كشیش (keşiş)
Turkish: keşiş
→⇒ Armenian: Քեշիշյան (Kʻešišyan)
→ Bulgarian: кеши́ш (kešíš), ⇒ кеши́шин (kešíšin), Кеши́шев (Kešíšev)
→ Georgian: ქეშიში (kešiši) — Chveneburi
→⇒ Greek: Κεσίσογλου (Kesísoglou)
→ Laz: ქეშიში (keşişi)
→ Serbo-Croatian: kèšīš, кѐшӣш

From Middle Persian [Term?], from Classical Syriac ܩܫܝܫܐ (qaššīšā).

کشیش ارمنی

کشیش بودایی


جمع‌سپاری

جمعسپاری (canonical)
jam'-sepâri (romanization)


حشره‌کش

حشرهکش (canonical)
hašare-koš (romanization)


برون‌سپاری

برونسپاری (canonical)
borun-sepâri (romanization)


زنبوردار

From زنبور (zanbur, “bee”) + ـدار (-dâr).


سرمایه‌داری

head

سرمایهداری • (sarmâye-dâri)

fa-noun

سرمایهداری • (sarmâye-dâri)

سرمایهداری (canonical)
sarmâye-dâri (romanization)


دهمشت

desc

→ Arabic: دَهْمَسْت (dahmast), دَهْمَشْت (dahmašt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دهمشت (dehmešt), دهمست (dehmest)


مستعمره‌سازی

مستعمرهسازی (canonical)
mosta'mare-sâzi (romanization)

From مستعمره (mosta'mare) + سازی (sâzi).

مستعمرهسازی مریخ


شیمی‌درمانی

head

شیمیدرمانی • (šimi-darmâni)

fa-noun

شیمیدرمانی • (šimi-darmâni)

شیمیدرمانی (canonical)
šimi-darmâni (romanization)


ایمنی‌درمانی

ایمنیدرمانی (canonical)
imeni-darmâni (romanization)


فاصله‌گذاری

head

فاصلهگذاری • (fâsele-gozâri)

fa-noun

فاصلهگذاری • (fâsele-gozâri)

فاصلهگذاری (canonical)
fâsele-gozâri (romanization)


مستعمره

head

مُسْتَعْمَرِه

مُسْتَعْمَرِه • (mosta'mare)

fa-noun

مُسْتَعْمَرِه

مُسْتَعْمَرِه • (mosta'mare)

مُسْتَعْمَرِه (canonical)
mosta'mare (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَعْمَرَة (mustaʕmara), an early twentieth-century coinage.

bor+

مُسْتَعْمَرَة

ماریا زاخارووا سخنگوی وزارت خارجه روسیه دوشنبه شب گفت که در حال حاضر کشورهای غربی که از نظر اقتصادی قدرتمند و توسعهیافته هستند هم به مستعمره تبدیل شدهاند.

2023 July 25, “روسیه: اقتصادهای قدرتمند اروپایی هم به مستعمره تبدیل شدهاند”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

Maria Zakharova, spokeswoman for the Russian Foreign Ministry, said Monday night that currently, Western countries which are powerful and developed from an economic perspective have turned into colonies.

mâriyâ zâxârovâ soxangu-ye vezârat-e xâreje-ye rusiye došambe šab goft ke dar hâl-e hâzer kešvar-hâ-ye ğarbi ke az nazar-e eqtesâdi qodratmand o towse'e-yâfte hastand ham be mosta'mare tabdil šode'and.

colony (territory ruled or settled by foreigners)


استعمارگر

head

استعمارگر • (este'mârgar) (plural استعمارگران (este'mârgarân))

este'mârgar (romanization)
استعمارگران (plural)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰe̞ʔ.mɑːɾ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰe̞ʔ.mɑːɾ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰeː.mɑːɾ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔis.t̪ʰeː.mɔːɾ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔes.t̪ʰeʔ.mɒːɹ.ɡʲǽɹ]

وی تاکید کرد جنایت بزرگی که همچنان در عراق ادامه دارد، جنایت پیروی و تبعیت از استعمارگران آمریکایی و سکوت در برابر جنایاتشان است.

2023 October 8, “آیت الله الموسوی: تبعیت از آمریکای استعمارگر جنایتی بزرگ است”, in tasnimnews.com, Tasnim News Agency:

He emphasized that the great crime that yet continues in Iraq is the crime of following and obeying the American colonialists and being silent before their crimes.

vey ta'kid kard jenâyat-e bozorgi ke hamčenân dar erâq edâme dârad, jenâyat-e peyrovi o taba'iyyat az este'mârgarân-e âmrikâyi va sokut dar barâbar-e jenâyat-ešân ast.


سوی

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “side, direction”).


برشنگاری

head

برشنگاری • (borešnegâri)

fa-noun

برشنگاری • (borešnegâri)

برشنگاری برشنگاری#Persian

Alternative form of برشنگاری (boreš-negâri)


پرتودرمانی

LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-پرتودرمانی.wav

(medicine) radiotherapy, radiation therapy


دهمست

دهمشت دهمشت#Persian

Alternative form of دهمشت (dahmašt, “laurel”)


قانون‌گذاری

head

قانونگذاری • (qânun-gozâri)

fa-noun

قانونگذاری • (qânun-gozâri)

قانونگذاری (canonical)
qânun-gozâri (romanization)


رادیوتراپی

head

رادیوتراپی • (râdiyoterâpi)

fa-noun

رادیوتراپی • (râdiyoterâpi)

[ɹɒː.d̪ijot̪eɹɒː.pʰíː]


برش‌نگاری

برشنگاری (canonical)
boreš-negâri (romanization)

[bʊ.ɾɪʃ.nɪ.ɡɑː.ɾiː]

[bʊ.ɾɪʃ.nɪ.ɡɑː.ɾiː]

[bʊ.ɾɪʃ.nɪ.ɡɑː.ɾiː]


فاصله

head

فاصله • (fâsele)

fa-noun

فاصله • (fâsele)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ासला (fāslā), फ़ासिला (fāsilā)

Urdu: فاصلہ (fāsilā, fāslā)

این ده با شهر فاصله دارد.
in deh bâ šahr fâsele dârad.
This village is distant from the city.

literally, “This village has distance with the city.”

orthographic space (a gap in text between words, lines etc.)


ژن‌درمانی

head

ژندرمانی • (žen-darmâni)

fa-noun

ژندرمانی • (žen-darmâni)

ژندرمانی (canonical)
žen-darmâni (romanization)


رگنگاری

رگنگاری رگنگاری#Persian

Alternative form of رگنگاری (rag-negâri)


رگ‌نگاری

رگنگاری (canonical)
rag-negâri (romanization)


پروستات‌برداری

head

پروستاتبرداری • (porostât-bardâri or prostât-bardâri)

پروستاتبرداری (canonical)
porostât-bardâri (romanization)
prostât-bardâri (romanization)


جهش‌یافته

جهشیافته • (jaheš-yâfte)

fa-noun

جهشیافته • (jaheš-yâfte)

جهشیافته (canonical)
jaheš-yâfte (romanization)


پژواکنگاری

head

پژواکنگاری • (pežvâknegâri)

fa-noun

پژواکنگاری • (pežvâknegâri)

پژواکنگاری پژواکنگاری#Persian

Alternative form of پژواکنگاری (pežvâk-negâri)


آنژیوگرافی

head

آنژیوگرافی • (ânžiogrâfi)

fa-noun

آنژیوگرافی • (ânžiogrâfi)


پژواک‌نگاری

head

پژواکنگاری • (pežvâk-negâri)

fa-noun

پژواکنگاری • (pežvâk-negâri)

پژواکنگاری (canonical)
pežvâk-negâri (romanization)


سرمایه‌گذار

head

سرمایهگذاران

سرمایهگذار • (sarmâye-gozâr) (plural سرمایهگذاران (sarmâye-gozârân))

fa-noun

سرمایهگذاران

سرمایهگذار (canonical)
sarmâye-gozâr (romanization)
سرمایهگذاران (plural)


سرمایه‌گذاری جمعی

head

سرمایهگذاری جمعی • (sarmâye-gozâri-ye jam'i)

سرمایهگذاری جمعی (canonical)
sarmâye-gozâri-ye jam'i (romanization)


یاخته بنیادی

یاختههای بنیادی

یاخته بنیادی • (yâxte-ye bonyâdi) (plural یاختههای بنیادی (yâxte-hâ-ye bonyâdi))

fa-noun

یاختههای بنیادی

yâxte-ye bonyâdi (romanization)
یاختههای بنیادی (plural)

fa:یاخته بنیادی


سرمایه‌گذاری

head

سرمایهگذاری • (sarmâye-gozâri)

fa-noun

سرمایهگذاری • (sarmâye-gozâri)

سرمایهگذاری (canonical)
sarmâye-gozâri (romanization)

[sæɹ.mɒː.jé ɡ̥o.zɒː.ɹíː]

From سرمایه (sarmâye) + گذار (gozâr) + ـی (-i).

af

سرمایهگذاری با پول کم


نشانگر

head

نشانگر • (nešângar)

fa-noun

نشانگر • (nešângar)

[nɪ.ʃɑːŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[nɪ.ʃɑːŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[nɪ.ʃɑːŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ni.ʃɔːŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ne.ʃɒːɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[ni.ʃɔŋ.ɡǽɾ]

(biology) marker (a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome)


پیری

در پیریش


هم‌اتاقی

هماتاقی (canonical)
ham-otâqi (romanization)

[häm.ʔʊ.t̪ʰɑː.qíː]

[häm.ʔʊ.t̪ʰɑː.qíː]

[ʔäm.ʔʊ.t̪ʰɑː.qíː]

[hæm.ʔo.t̪ʰɒː.ʁíː]


تکان

takân (romanization)
tekân (romanization)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


برق‌رسانی

برقرسانی (canonical)
barq-resâni (romanization)


برقکار

head

برقکار • (barqkâr)

fa-noun

برقکار • (barqkâr)

برقکار برقکار#Persian


برق‌کار

head

برقکار • (barq-kâr) (plural برقکاران (barq-kârân))

برقکار (canonical)
barq-kâr (romanization)
برقکاران (plural)


قرقره

قرقره • (qerqere) (plural قرقرهها (-qereqere-hâ))


پله‌برقی

پلهبرقی (canonical)
pelle-barqi (romanization)


سرمایه

سَرمایه • (sarmâye)

fa-noun

سَرمایه • (sarmâye)

سَرمایه (canonical)
sarmâye (romanization)

desc

սարմայեայ<lb:ջղ>

→ Armenian: (New Julfa) սարմայեայ (sarmayeay)

→ Iraqi Arabic: سرمايه

→ Azerbaijani: sərmayə

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरमाया (sarmāyā)

Urdu: سرمایہ (sarmāya)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرمایه (sermaye)
Turkish: sermaye
→ Albanian: sermaje
→ Armenian: (Constantinople) սէրմիյէ (sērmiyē), (Van) սա̈րմիյա̈ (särmiyä)
→ Aromanian: sirmae
→ Greek: σερμαγιά (sermagiá)
→ Romanian: sermaia

[…]تا نَپَرَّد زُود سَرمایَه زِ دَست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2609:

[…] in order that [his] stock-in-trade may not suddenly fly out of [his] hand.

(economics, business, finance) capital (money)


سه‌راهی

head

سهراهی • (se-râhi)

fa-noun

سهراهی • (se-râhi)

سهراهی (canonical)
se-râhi (romanization)


سیم‌سیار

سیمسیار (canonical)
sim-sayyâr (romanization)
sim-e sayyâr (romanization)


درنده

head

درنده • (darande) (plural درندگان (darandegân) or درندهها (darande-hâ))

darande (romanization)
درندگان (plural)
درندهها (plural)

→ Gojri: درِندو (drindo)

→ Gujarati: દરિંદો (darindo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दरिंदा (darindā)

Urdu: دَرِنْدَہ (darindā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: दरिंदौ (darindau)

Mahajani script: 𑅥𑅭𑅑𑅧𑅥𑅒 (drindu)

→ Punjabi: darindā

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਿੰਦਾ

Shahmukhi script: دَرِندا

desc

→ Sindhi: دَرندو

→ Sindhi: دَرندو

[d̪ä.ɾɪn̪.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ä.ɾɪn̪.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ä.ɾɪn̪.d̪ǽ]

[d̪æ.ɹæn̪.d̪é]

[d̪ä.ɾän̪.d̪ǽ]

From در (dar, present stem of دریدن (daridan, “to bite, ravage”)) + ـنده (-ande).

af

در
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دریدن</i> (daridan, “to bite, ravage”)>


تنباکو

head

تَنْبَاکُو • (tanbâku)

fa-noun

تَنْبَاکُو • (tanbâku)

تَنْبَاکُو (canonical)
tanbâku (romanization)

→ Armenian: թամբաքի (tʻambakʻi)

→ Azerbaijani: tənbəki

→ Bengali: তামাক (tamak)

→ Georgian: თამბაქო (tambako)

desc

→ Gujarati: તમાકુ (tamāku), તંબાકુ (tambāku)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तंबाकू (tambākū)

Urdu: تنباکو (tanbākū), تمباکو (tambākū)

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦺꦴ (tembako)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: tembako

→ Kannada: ತಂಬಾಕು (tambāku)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: तमाकुल (tamākul), तमाकू (tamākū)

Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒧𑒰𑒏𑒳𑒪 (tamākula), 𑒞𑒧𑒰𑒏𑒴, (tamākū,)

→ Malay: tembakau
Indonesian: tembakau

→ Middle Mongol: ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ (tamaki)

Buryat: тамхи (tamxi)

Kalmyk: тәмк (tämk)

Mongolian: тамхи (tamxi)

→ Tibetan: ཐ་མག (tha mag)

→ Nivkh: тамх (tamx)

Old Marathi: tamākhu|bor=1

Devanagari script: तमाखु

Modi script: 𑘝𑘦𑘰𑘏𑘳
Marathi: तंबाखू (tambākhū)

→ Odia: ତମାଖୁ (tamākhu)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਮਾਕੂ (tamākū)

Shahmukhi script: تماکو (tamākū)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: تَماڪُ

Devanagari script: तमाकु

[t̪ʰäm.bɑː.kʰúː]

[t̪ʰäm.bɑː.kʰúː]

[t̪ʰäm.bɑː.kʰúː]

[t̪ʰæm.bɒː.kʰúː]


پستاننگاری

head

پستاننگاری • (pestânnegâri)

fa-noun

پستاننگاری • (pestânnegâri)

پستاننگاری پستاننگاری#Persian

Alternative form of پستاننگاری (pestân-negâri)


مهندسی مولکولی

head

مهندسی مولکولی • (mohandesi-ye molekuli)

molecular engineering
molecular engineering


پستان‌نگاری

پستاننگاری • (pestân-negâri)

fa-noun

پستاننگاری • (pestân-negâri)

پستاننگاری (canonical)
pestân-negâri (romanization)


ماموگرافی

head

ماموگرافی • (mâmogrâfi)

fa-noun

ماموگرافی • (mâmogrâfi)


نوار مثانه

(medicine) uroflowmetry, urinary flow rate


سحابی

head

سحابی • (sahâbi) (plural سحابیها (sahâbi-hâ))


زیست پزشکی

زیستپزشکی زیستپزشکی#Persian

Alternative form of زیستپزشکی (zist-pezeški)


نوار

نَوار • (navâr)

fa-noun

نَوار • (navâr)

strip, band (a long, thin piece of land or of any material)

ribbon (a narrow strip of material used for decoration)

(audio / video) tape (a magnetic or optical recording media in a roll)


زیست‌پزشکی

زیستپزشکی (canonical)
zist-pezeški (romanization)


سراغ

head

سراغ • (sorâğ)

fa-noun

سراغ • (sorâğ)

From a Turkic source. Compare Ottoman Turkish سراغ (soraɣ), Kazakh сұрақ (sūraq).

مهتری با بذل و جود او نیامد در جهان
خسروی با عدل و داد او ندارد کس سراغ

c. 1065, Qaṭrān of Tabrīz, “Qaṣīda in praise of Abū Naṣr Mamlān”, in دیوان قطران:

A great man of generosity, and his liberality did not come to the world;
A Khusraw of justice, and no one has any trace of his righteousness.

mihtarē bā baḏl u jūd-i ō nay-āmad dar jahān
xusrawē bā adl u dād-i ō na-dārad kas surāğ

(figurative) going looking for (something or someone)


دایزه

head

دایزه • (dâyeze)

fa-noun

دایزه • (dâyeze)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیزه (teyze)
Turkish: teyze
→ Albanian: teze

From دا (dâ, “mother”) + ـزه (ze, “diminutive suffix”), literally “little mother, little mom”.
This word is still used in Isfahan and other areas of Central Iran like Fars province and Yazd province.

af

(archaic or dialectal) maternal aunt (mother’s sister)


سلامتی

head

سَلَامَتِی • (salâmati)

fa-noun

سَلَامَتِی • (salâmati)

سَلَامَتِی (canonical)
salâmati (romanization)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਲਾਮਤੀ (salāmatī)

Shahmukhi script: سلامتی (salāmatī)


آغل‌ها

head

آغلها • (âğol-hâ)

آغلها (canonical)
âğol-hâ (romanization)


آغل

desc

→ Georgian: აღალი (aɣali, “pound, paddock”) (obsolete)

Ultimately a derivative of Proto-Iranian *gauz- (“to hide, conceal”), compare Sanskrit गूहति (gūhati). Possibly influenced by Northeastern Iranian, compare Sogdian [script needed] (ʾʾγʾwδ /āγōδ/, “cover, shelter, barn”).
Alternatively, borrowed from a Turkic source: cognate with Ottoman Turkish آغل above


خانقاه

head

خانقاه • (xânaqâh) (plural خانقاهها (xânaqâh-hâ))

xânaqâh (romanization)
خانقاهها (plural)

[xɑː.nä.qɑ́ːʱ]

[xɑː.nä.qɑ́ːʱ]

[xɒː.næ.ʁɒ́ːʰ]

[χɔ.nä.qɔ́ʱ]

Borrowed from Arabic خَانَقَاه (ḵānaqāh), from Classical Persian خَانَگَاه (xānagāh), from خَانَه (xāna, “house”) + ـگَاه (-gāh).


جولا

head

جولا • (julâ, jôlâ) (plural جولاها (julâ, jôlâ-hâ))

julâ (romanization)
jôlâ (romanization)
جولاها (plural)

Displaced by Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʕankabūt) in Iranian Persian.

displaced

(chiefly Dari; elsewhere dialectal) spider


زکاب‌ها

head

زکابها • (zakâb-hâ)

زکابها (canonical)
zakâb-hâ (romanization)

زکاب زکاب#Persian


زکاب

زکاب • (zakâb) (plural زکابها (zakâb-hâ))

According to Dehkhoda, it is either from زاگ (zâg, “vitriol”) + آب (âb, “water”), or from زکال (zakâl, “black”) + آب (âb, “water”).


ذغال

head

ذغال • (zoğâl)

fa-noun

ذغال • (zoğâl)

زغال زغال#Persian


زکار

zekâr (romanization)
zakâr (romanization)
zokâr (romanization)

زغال زغال#Persian


زکال

head

زکال • (zakâl)

fa-noun

زکال • (zakâl)

زغال زغال#Persian


دیگدان

head

دیگدان • (dêgdân) (plural دیگدانها (dêgdân-hâ))

→ Gujarati: દેગદાન (degdān)

→ Urdu: دیگ دان (deg-dān)

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[d̪iːɡʲ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

Morphologically from دیگ (dêg, “pot”) + ـدان (-dân, “holder, container”).

af

13th century, Saadi Shirazi, Ghazalyat
ز دیگدان لئیمان چون دود بگریزند
نه دست کفچه کنند از برای کاسهٔ آش

(archaic) fireplace used for cooking purposes, oven


گواه

head

گواه • (govâh) (plural گواهان (govâhân) or گواهها (govâh-hâ))

govâh (romanization)
گواهان (plural)
گواهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गवाह (gavāh)

Urdu: گواه (gavāh)

→ Kazakh: куә (kuä)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗਵਾਹ (gavāh)

Shahmukhi script: گواه (gavāh)

From Middle Persian gwk’dy (gugāy). From Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart”) + *kʷeḱ- (“to see”); literally meaning “to see apart, differentiate”. Compare Old Armenian վկայ (vkay), an Iranian borrowing.

مرا اعتباری برین قسم نیست
که ایزد گواه است و یزدان یکیست

1705, Guru Gobind Singh, “verse 13”, in ظفرنامه [Zafarnama]:

For me, there is no credit in this oath [of yours], that God is [your] witness and the Lord is One.

ma-râ e'tebâri bar in qasam nist
ke izad govâh ast o yazdan yaki-st

قوم گفتند ای گروه مدعی
کو گواه علم طب و نافعی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2710:

The people said, "O ye company of impostors, where is the evidence of [your] knowledge of medicine and [your] usefulness?"

qowm goftand ey goruh-e modda'i
ku govâh-e 'elm-e tebb o nâfe'i


باشه

باشه • (bāša)

fa-noun

باشه • (bāša)

From Middle Persian, also borrowed in Arabic بَاشَق (bāšaq). Akin to Mazanderani واشه (vāša, “sparrowhawk”) and Northern Kurdish waşe (“sparrow-hawk”). Connected to Sanskrit भास (bhāsa, “a bird of prey”) and to Persian باز (bâz, “falcon, hawk”).


تعرفه

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تعرفه • (ta'refe) (plural تعرفهها (ta'refe-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic تَعْرِفَة (taʕrifa, “tariff”).


سکولاریسم

head

سکولاریسم • (sekulârism)

fa-noun

سکولاریسم • (sekulârism)

fa:سکولاریسم


وظیفه‌ها

وظیفهها (canonical)
vazife-hâ (romanization)

وظیفه وظیفه#Persian


وظایف

وظیفه وظیفه#Persian


قرقاول

qarqâvol (romanization)
قرقاولها (plural)

Borrowed from Chagatai قىرغاۋۇل (qirghawul, “pheasant”) (compare Kazakh қырғауыл (qyrğauyl)), likely borrowed from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (girɣaul, ɣurɣuul) (whence Mongolian гургуул (gurguul)), from Middle Mongol [script needed] (xurqaʾul), from Proto-Mongolic *girgaxul.


جزیه

head

جزیه • (jezye) (plural جزیهها (jezye-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic جِزْيَة (jizya), from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭦𐭩𐭲𐭪𐭩 (gzytky /gazīdag/), 𐭢𐭦𐭩𐭲 (gzyt /gazīd/, “poll tax”), or from Arabic ج ز ي (j z y); compare جَزَى (jazā, “to repay”). At least a semantic loan from Middle Persian. Compare the inherited گزیت (gazit).


تیهو

From Middle Persian 𐭲𐭩𐭧𐭥𐭪 (tīhōg). Compare Arabic طَيْهُوج (ṭayhūj) borrowed from it.

Perdix perdix
Perdix perdix#Translingual

grey partridge (a game bird in the pheasant family, Perdix perdix)


ارتشدار

head

ارتشدار • (artešdâr)

[ʔæɹ.t̪ʰeʃ.d̪ɒːɹ]

Learned borrowing from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾltyštʾl /artēštār/), related to the coinage of Iranian Persian ارتش (arteš) given the reinterpretation of the classical long /ē/ as short and the alternative spelling ارتشتار (arteštâr), neither of which match historical phonemic changes. Doublet of the inherited ارتیشدار (artēšdār／artišdâr).

fa-xlit

اَرْتیشْدَار

ارتیشدار ارتیشدار#Persian

(Iran) Alternative form of ارتیشدار (“warrior, soldier”)


مجار

head

مجار • (majâr)

fa-noun

مجار • (majâr)

[ma.ˈd͡ʒɑːɾ]

[mä.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[mä.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[mä.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[mä.d͡ʒɔ́ːɾ]

[mæ.d͡ʒɒ́ːɹ]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مجار (macar), from Hungarian magyar.


شاور

head

شاور • (šâwar)

fa-noun

شاور • (šâwar)

Borrowed from English shower
Akin to Urdu شاوَر (śāvar) and Pashto شاور (šāwar), and possibly borrowed through these languages.


دست‌آویز

head

دستآویز • (dastâviz)

fa-noun

دستآویز • (dastâviz)

دستآویز (canonical)
dastâviz (romanization)

دستاویز دستاویز#Persian


دست آویز

head

دست آویز • (dastâviz)

fa-noun

دست آویز • (dastâviz)

دستاویز دستاویز#Persian


دستاویز

head

دَسْتَاویز • (dastâviz)

fa-noun

دَسْتَاویز • (dastâviz)

دَسْتَاویز (canonical)
dastâviz (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तावेज़ (dastāvez)

Urdu: دستاویز (dastāvez)

→ Bengali: দস্তাবেজ (dôstabez)

→ Malayalam: ദസ്താവേജ് (dastāvējŭ)

→ Tamil: தஸ்தவேசு (tastavēcu)

From دست (dast, “hand”) + ـآویز (-âviz, “hanging”), literally “that which is hanging from a hand”.

af

document, paper (an original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else)


اوکراینی

head

اوکراینی • (okrâyni)

fa-noun

اوکراینی • (okrâyni)

From اوکراین + ـی.

af

اوکراین + ـی


آنغوزه

head

آنغوزه • (ânğuze)

fa-noun

آنغوزه • (ânğuze)

[ʔɑːn.ɣʊ.zä]

[ʔɑːn.ɣʊ.zä]

[ʔɑːn.ɣʊ.zä]


اقلیم

head

اِقْلِیم • (iqlīm)

fa-noun

اِقْلِیم • (iqlīm)

اِقْلِیم (canonical)
iqlīm (romanization)

→ Urdu: اِقْلِیم (iqlīm)

Borrowed from Arabic إِقْلِيم (ʔiqlīm), from Ancient Greek κλίμα (klíma).


کماشیر

head

کماشیر • (kamâšir)

fa-noun

کماشیر • (kamâšir)

desc

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɔː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰʲæ.mɒː.ʃiːɹ]

an opopanax-like gum from a certain umbelliferous plant


پوست جوز هندی

pust-e jowz-e hendi (romanization)
پوست جوز هندی (singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi (singular)
پوست جوز هندیها (plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấ (plural)
پوست جوز هندیا (colloquial plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấ (plural)
پوست جوز هندی را (definite direct-object singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi râ (definite direct-object singular)
پوست جوز هندی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendio (definite direct-object singular)
پوست جوز هندیها را (definite direct-object plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
پوست جوز هندیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پوست جوز هندی (ezafe singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-e (ezafe singular)
پوست جوز هندیهای (ezafe plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پوست جوز هندیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پوست جوز هندیی (definite relative singular)
پوست جوز هندیی (indefinite singular stressed)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-i (definite relative singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پوست جوز هندیهایی (definite plural relative)
پوست جوز هندیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
پوست جوز هندیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پوست جوز هندیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấi (definite plural relative)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấi (indefinite plural stressed)
پوست جوز هندیم (first-person possessive singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendiam (first-person possessive singular)
پوست جوز هندیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
پوست جوز هندیهام، پوست جوز هندیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấm (first-person possessive singular)
پوست جوز هندیت (possessive second-person singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendiat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendiet (possessive second-person singular)
پوست جوز هندیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
پوست جوز هندیهات، پوست جوز هندیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
pust-e jowz-e hendiất (possessive second-person singular)
پوست جوز هندیش (possessive singular third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendieš (possessive singular third-person)
پوست جوز هندیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
پوست جوز هندیهاش، پوست جوز هندیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấš (possessive singular third-person)
پوست جوز هندیمان (first-person plural possessive)
pust-e jowz-e hendiemân (first-person plural possessive)
پوست جوز هندیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
pust-e jowz-e hendiemun (first-person plural possessive)
پوست جوز هندیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
پوست جوز هندیهامون، پوست جوز هندیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
پوست جوز هندیتان (plural possessive second-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendietân (plural possessive second-person)
پوست جوز هندیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendietun (plural possessive second-person)
پوست جوز هندیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
پوست جوز هندیهاتون، پوست جوز هندیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
پوست جوز هندیشان (plural possessive third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiešân (plural possessive third-person)
پوست جوز هندیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiešun (plural possessive third-person)
پوست جوز هندیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendi-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
پوست جوز هندیهاشون، پوست جوز هندیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
pust-e jowz-e hendiấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From پوست (pust) + جوز هندی (jowz-e hendi), literally “skin of nutmeg”.


جوز هندی

head

جوز هندی • (jowz-e hendi) (plural جوزهای هندی (jow-hâye hendi))

jowz-e hendi (romanization)
جوزهای هندی (plural)
جوز هندی (singular)
jowz-e hendi (singular)
جوز هندیها (plural)
jowz-e hendi-hấ (plural)
جوز هندیا (colloquial plural)
jowz-e hendiấ (plural)
جوز هندی را (definite direct-object singular)
jowz-e hendi râ (definite direct-object singular)
جوز هندی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
jowz-e hendio (definite direct-object singular)
جوز هندیها را (definite direct-object plural)
jowz-e hendi-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
جوز هندیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
jowz-e hendiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
جوز هندی (ezafe singular)
jowz-e hendi-e (ezafe singular)
جوز هندیهای (ezafe plural)
jowz-e hendi-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
جوز هندیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
jowz-e hendiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
جوز هندیی (definite relative singular)
جوز هندیی (indefinite singular stressed)
jowz-e hendi-i (definite relative singular)
jowz-e hendi-i (indefinite singular stressed)
جوز هندیهایی (definite plural relative)
جوز هندیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
jowz-e hendiấn-i, jowz-e hendi-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
jowz-e hendiấn-i, jowz-e hendi-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
جوز هندیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
جوز هندیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
jowz-e hendiấi (definite plural relative)
jowz-e hendiấi (indefinite plural stressed)
جوز هندیم (first-person possessive singular)
jowz-e hendiam (first-person possessive singular)
جوز هندیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
jowz-e hendi-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
جوز هندیهام، جوز هندیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
jowz-e hendiấm (first-person possessive singular)
جوز هندیت (possessive second-person singular)
jowz-e hendiat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
jowz-e hendiet (possessive second-person singular)
جوز هندیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
jowz-e hendi-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
جوز هندیهات، جوز هندیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
jowz-e hendiất (possessive second-person singular)
جوز هندیش (possessive singular third-person)
jowz-e hendiaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
jowz-e hendieš (possessive singular third-person)
جوز هندیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
jowz-e hendi-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
جوز هندیهاش، جوز هندیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
jowz-e hendiấš (possessive singular third-person)
جوز هندیمان (first-person plural possessive)
jowz-e hendiemân (first-person plural possessive)
جوز هندیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
jowz-e hendiemun (first-person plural possessive)
جوز هندیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
jowz-e hendi-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
جوز هندیهامون، جوز هندیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
jowz-e hendiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
جوز هندیتان (plural possessive second-person)
jowz-e hendietân (plural possessive second-person)
جوز هندیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
jowz-e hendietun (plural possessive second-person)
جوز هندیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
jowz-e hendi-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
جوز هندیهاتون، جوز هندیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
jowz-e hendiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
جوز هندیشان (plural possessive third-person)
jowz-e hendiešân (plural possessive third-person)
جوز هندیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
jowz-e hendiešun (plural possessive third-person)
جوز هندیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
jowz-e hendi-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
جوز هندیهاشون، جوز هندیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
jowz-e hendiấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From جوز (jowz) + هندی (hendi), literally “Indian walnut”.


قاچاق

head

قاچاق • (qâčâq)

fa-noun

قاچاق • (qâčâq)

[qɑː.t͡ʃʰɑ́ːq]

[qɒː.t͡ʃʰɒ́ːɢ̥]

[qɔ.t͡ʃʰɔ́q]

Borrowed from Azerbaijani qaçaq (as in qaçaqmalçılıq), from qaçmaq (“to flee, escape”), from Common Turkic *kač- (“to run away, flee”). Related to Turkish kaçmak.


عروسک پشت پرده

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عروسک پشت پرده • ('arusak-e pošt-e parde)

عروسک ('arusak, “doll”) + پشت (pošt, “behind”) + پرده (parde, “curtain”). Originally a dialectal word limited to Fars province that has gained more wide spread use.


کاکنج

kâkanaj (romanization)
kâkonaj (romanization)
kâkenaj (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic كَاكَنْج (kākanj), from Middle Persian [script needed] (kākanag). Doublet of کاکنه (kâkone), which was inherited.

der

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual

Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi)

(by extension) Any plant of the genus Physalis.


قاضی

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قاضی • (qâzi) (plural قاضیها (qâzi-hâ) or قضات (qozât))

qâzi (romanization)
قاضیها (plural)
قضات (plural)

Dari: قَاضِی (qāzī)

Iranian Persian: قاضی (ğâzi)

Tajik: қозӣ (qozi)

→ Bengali: কাজী (kaji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ाज़ी (qāzī)

Urdu: قاضِی (qāzī)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: قاضِی (qāẓī)

→ Sindhi: قاضي


محکمه

مَحْکَمه • (mahkame) (plural محکمهها (mahkame-hâ))

مَحْکَمه (canonical)
mahkame (romanization)
محکمهها (plural)

→ Assamese: মহকুমা (mohkuma)

→ Bengali: মহকুমা (môhokuma)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: महकमा (mahkamā)

Urdu: مَحْکَمَہ (mahkamā)

→ Odia: ମହକୁମା (mahakumā)

Borrowed from Arabic مَحْكَمَة (maḥkama).


ترقی

تَرَقّی (canonical)
taraqqi (romanization)

→ Bengali: তরক্কী (torokki)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तरक़्क़ी (taraqqī)

desctree

Urdu: تَرَقّی (taraqqī)
→ Kannada: ತರಕಿ (taraki)

[t̪ʰæ.ɹæʁ.ɢiː]

Borrowed from Arabic تَرَقٍّ (taraqqin).


آلاوه

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آلاوه • (âlâve)

fa-noun

آلاوه • (âlâve)

Alternative form of الو (alow, “flame, blaze”)


آلاوه

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آلاوه • (âlâve)

fa-noun

آلاوه • (âlâve)


انسانیت

→ Bengali: ইনসানিয়াত (inśaniẏat)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ (insānīat)

Shahmukhi script: انسانیت (insānīyat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इनसानियत (insāniyat)

Urdu: انسانیت (insāniyat)

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْسَانِيَّة (ʔinsāniyya). By surface analysis, انسان (ensân) + ـیت (-iyyat).

bor+

إِنْسَانِيَّة

surf

humanity, civility, humaneness (quality of being a good human)


کدخدا

kadxodâ (romanization)
kodxodâ (romanization)

→ Arabic: كَتْخُدَا (katḵudā)

→ Gujarati: કદખુદા (kadkhudā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كتخدا (kethüda)

desc

→ Armenian: քեդխուդա (kʻedxuda), քյոխվա (kʻyoxva)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ktkhwt’y /kadag-xwadāy/). Also analyzable in Modern Persian as کده (kade, “house, village”) + خدا (xodâ, “master, lord”).


خیرات

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خیرات • (xeyrât)

fa-noun

خیرات • (xeyrât)

→ Bengali: খয়রাত (khoẏorat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ैरात (xairāt)

Urdu: خیرات (xairāt)

→ Punjabi: ਖੈਰਾਤ (khairāt)

[xäj.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[xäj.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[xäj.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[xäj.ɾɔ́ːt̪]


شترمرغ‌ها

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شترمرغها • (šotormorğ-hâ)

شترمرغها (canonical)
šotormorğ-hâ (romanization)

شترمرغ شترمرغ#Persian


شترمرغ

شُتُرْمُرْغ • (šotormorğ) (plural شترمرغها (šotormorğ-hâ))

شُتُرْمُرْغ (canonical)
šotormorğ (romanization)
شترمرغها (plural)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܫܬܘܪܡܘܪܓ (/štwrmwrg/), ܐܫܛܘܪܡܘܪܓ (/ʾšṭwrmwrg/)

→ Pashto: شترمرغ (šotormórǧ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शुतुरमुर्ग़ (śuturmurġ)

Urdu: شُتُرْمُرْغ (śuturmurġ)

→ Middle Armenian: իշտրմուղ (ištrmuġ), իշտռմուղ (ištṙmuġ)

→ Hindi: उष्ट्रपक्षी (uṣṭrapakṣī) (calque)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਤਰ ਮੁਰਗ (śutar murag)

Shahmukhi script: شترمرغ (śuturmurġ)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.mʊ́ɾɣ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.mʊ́ɾɣ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.mʊ́ɾɣ]

[ʃo.t̪ʰoɹ.móɹɢ̥]

Compound of شُتُرْ (šotor, “camel”) + مُرْغ (morğ, “bird”).


حقوق‌شناسی

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حقوقشناسی • (hoquq-šenâsi)

fa-noun

حقوقشناسی • (hoquq-šenâsi)

حقوقشناسی (canonical)
hoquq-šenâsi (romanization)

From حقوق + ـشناسی.

af

حقوق + ـشناسی


آروق

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آروق • (âroq)

fa-noun

آروق • (âroq)

آروغ آروغ#Persian


آروغ

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آروغ • (ârôğ or âruğ) (plural آروغها (ârôğ-hâ))

ârôğ (romanization)
âruğ (romanization)
آروغها (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“belch, roar”). Cognate with Latin erugo (“belch”).


هول

(neologism, slang) man who tries to seduce girls


هول

→ Punjabi: ਹੌਲ／هول (haul)

گردش چشمش مرا لشکر نمود
من ندانم گفت چون پر هول بود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3766:

The rolling of his eyes seemed to me an army
I cannot describe how terrible [lit. full of terror] it was.

gardiš-i čašm-aš ma-rā laškar namūd
man na-dānam guft čūn pur-hawl būd

ولی از بس هول شده بودم چشم راستم هم دیگر کار نمیکرد.

1976, خسرو شاهانی, “عینک طبی”, in کور لعنتی:

But I had become so terrified that my right eye was also no longer working [properly].

vali az bas howl šode budam češm-e râst-am ham digar kâr ne-mi-kard.


کلان‌شهر

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کلانشهر • (kalân-šahr)

fa-noun

کلانشهر • (kalân-šahr)

کلانشهر (canonical)
kalân-šahr (romanization)


پارگین

head

پارگین • (pârgin)

fa-noun

پارگین • (pârgin)

[pɑːɾ.ˈɡeːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]

[pʰɔːɾ.ɡéːn]

[pʰɒːɹ.ɡʲíːn]

Cognate with Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫃𐫏𐫗 (pʾrgyn /pārgēn/, “moat”), Parthian 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫃𐫏𐫗 (pʾrgyn /pārgēn/), Sogdian 𐫛𐫡𐫐𐫀𐫏𐫗 (prkʾyn, “ditch”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kan- (“to dig”), whence Sanskrit खनति (khanati, “to dig”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պարկէն (parkēn, “moat”), Classical Syriac ܦܰܪܩܺܝܢܳܐ (prqynʾ /parqīnā/), ܦܪܓܝܢܐ (prgynʾ /*pargīnā/), ܦܪܓܝܘܢ (prgywn, “moat, ditch surrounding the town; drain, sewer, conduit”), Classical Syriac ܡܝܦܪܩܛ (mayparqeṭ, “Martyropolis”), Arabic فَارِقِين (fāriqīn, “water reservoir”), Arabic مَيَّافَارِقِين (mayyāfāriqīn, “Martyropolis”).

cog

مَيَّافَارِقِين

fa:تاریخ بخارا, cited in پارگین in Dehkhoda Dictionary
بروزگار هارون الرشید مردمان بخارا جمع شدند و اتفاق کردند و پارگین حصار بنا کردند.
In the era of Harun al-Rashid, the people of Bukhara gathered and together, built the fortification's moat.


پرندوش

پرن (paran, “past, last night”) + دوش (duš, “last night”). The first part is akin to Parthian [Term?], for the second part compare Sanskrit दोषा (doṣā, “darkness, eveningn, night”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš, “night, last night”).

cog

the night before last
the night before last


تورغای

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تورغای • (turğây)

fa-noun

تورغای • (turğây)

ترغای ترغای#Persian


زیگیل

زگیل زگیل#Persian


قرمه‌سبزی

قرمهسبزی (canonical)
qorme-sabzi (romanization)

قرمه سبزی
قرمه سبزی#Persian

Alternative form of قرمه سبزی (qorme sabzi)


دنب

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دُنْب • (donb)

fa-noun

دُنْب • (donb)

From Middle Persian dwm(b') (/dum(b)/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewmbʰ- (“penis, tail, rod”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬨𐬀 (duma, “penis”), Kurdish, Northern Kurdish dûv (“tail”), Baluchi دمب (domb), Sarikoli [script needed] (δüm), Wakhi [script needed] (dümbá), Pashto لم (lëm, “tail of sheep”), Ossetian дымӕг (dymæg), Sogdian dwnp'k (δum/nb/pe), Sanskrit दुम्बक (dumbaka, “the thick-tailed sheep”).
Akin to Old Armenian դմակ (dmak, “fat tail of sheep”), Georgian დუმაკი (dumaḳi), დუმა (duma), Iranian borrowings. Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“top, summit”) (whence English top), as well as German Zumpf (“penis”).
For the sense development compare Old Armenian ձետ (jet).


وضو

(Islam) wudu (washing required after minor ritual impurity)


جمع الجمع

جمع الجمع (canonical)
jam'-ol-jam' (romanization)

(linguistics) a pluralized form of a (frozen) plural


وند

head

وند • (vand) (plural وندان (vandân) or وندها (vand-hâ))

vand (romanization)
وندان (plural)
وندها (plural)

From ـوند (-vand). See there for more details.


دلیجان

دلیجان • (delijân) (plural دلیجانها (delijân-hâ))

delijân (romanization)
دلیجانها (plural)

Borrowed from French diligence (“stage-coach”), from Latin diligens.


نیمروز

→ Gujarati: નીમરોઝ (nīmrojh)

From Middle Persian nymrwc (nēmrōz, “south, midday”). Analyzable as نیم (nim) + روز (ruz), literally “half day”. Compare Parthian nymrwc (nēmrož, “south”).

compound

(archaic in Iran, common elsewhere) noon, midday


کران

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کران • (karân)

fa-noun

کران • (karân)

[kʰʲæ.ɹɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (klʾn' /karān/), from Proto-Iranian *karana- (“edge, border, limit”), probably a nominal derivative of either Proto-Iranian *kar- (“to draw a line, furrow”) or Proto-Iranian *kar- (“to cut, carve”). The former *kar- is from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move, revolve”), and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥 (karan, “border, edge”), Ancient Greek κορωνός (korōnós, “curved, crooked”), and کِنار (kenâr, “side”), a metathesized form.


پیشمرگه

head

پیشمرگه • (pišmarge, pešmerge) (plural پیشمرگهها (pišmarge, pešmerge-hâ))

pišmarge (romanization)
pešmerge (romanization)
پیشمرگهها (plural)

[pʰeːʃ.mäɾ.ɡä]

[pʰeːʃ.mäɾ.ɡä]

[pʰeːʃ.mäɾ.ɡä]

[pʰeːʃ.mäɾ.ɡä]

Borrowed from Central Kurdish پێشمەرگە (pêşmerge). Analysable within Persian as پیش (piš) + مرگ (marg) + ه (e), literally “facing death”.


کندوری

Javanese: kenduri

Malay: kenduri

Indonesian: kenduri

Ottoman Turkish: كندوره, كندوری

a feast held in honour of Fātima, of which only women (and those the most virtuous) can partake, no male ever being permitted to see the food dressed on this occasion and set apart for an offering to the Prophet's daughter.


قندیل

head

قندیل • (qandil) (plural قندیلها (qandil-hâ))

→ Baluchi: کندیل (kandill)

→ Gujarati: કંદીલ (kandīl)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: क़ंदील (qandīl), क़िंदील (qindīl)

Urdu: قندیل

→ Kannada: ಕಂದೀಲು (kandīlu)

→ Marathi: कंदील (kandīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਦੀਲ (kandīl)

Shahmukhi script: قَندِیل (qandīl)

Borrowed from Arabic قِنْدِيل (qindīl), see there for further information.

etymon

ar>قِنْدِيل>lamp


ادبخانه

head

ادبخانه • (adabxâne)

fa-noun

ادبخانه • (adabxâne)

→ Azerbaijani: ədəbxanə

desc

→ Armenian: ա̈դա̈փխանա (ädäpʻxana), ադա̈փխանա (adäpʻxana) (Karabakh)

اَدَبْخَانَة

→ Arabic: اَدَبْخَانَة (adabḵāna)

→ Arabic: اَدَبْخَانَة (adabḵāna)

→ Armenian: ատափխանա (atapʻxana)

→ Georgian: ადაბხანა (adabxana), ადაფხანა (adapxana)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ادبخانه (edephane)


کده

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ktk' /kadag/, “house”), from Proto-Iranian *katákah (“house”), diminutive of *kátah. Compare Pashto کلی (këlay, “village”), Yagnobi кат (kat, “house”).


باعث

head

باعِث • (bâ'es)

fa-noun

باعِث • (bâ'es)

سیگار باعث سرطان میشود.
sigâr bâ'es-e saratân mi-šavad.
Smoking causes cancer.

literally, “Smoking becomes the cause of cancer.”


آلو بخارا

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آلو بخارا • (âlu boxârâ)

آلوی بخارا
آلوی بخارا#Persian


آلوی بخارا

آلوی بخارا • (âlu-ye boxârâ)

fa-noun

آلوی بخارا • (âlu-ye boxârâ)

desc

→ Armenian: ալբուխարա (albuxara), ալբուխարի (albuxari), ալբուխար (albuxar), ալիբուխարա (alibuxara), ալի պոխորա (ali poxora)

→ Azerbaijani: albuxara

→ English: alubukhara, alu-bukhara, alu bukhara, albukhara, aloo bukhara, aloo bokhara, aloobukhara

→ Hindi: आलूबुखारा (ālūbukhārā)

→ Hindi: आलूबुखारा (ālūbukhārā)

→ Nepali: आरु बुखारा (āru bukhārā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلوی بخارا (alu buhara)

→ Pashto: آلوبخارا (ālubuxārā́)

→ Russian: алибухара (alibuxara), али-бухара (ali-buxara), алибухар (alibuxar), альбухара (alʹbuxara)

[ʔɑː.luː.jɪ bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.luː.jɪ bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.luː.jɪ bʊ.xɑː.ɾɑ́ː]

Literally, "plum of Bukhara", from آلو (âlu, “plum”) and بخارا (boxârâ, “Bukhara”).


سرپیچ

head

سرپیچ • (sarpeč)

fa-noun

سرپیچ • (sarpeč)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरपेच (sarpec)

Urdu: سرپیچ


سرپوش

head

سرپوش • (sarpuš)

fa-noun

سرپوش • (sarpuš)

desc

→ Arabic: شَرْبُوش (šarbūš)

→ Arabic: شَرْبُوش (šarbūš)

desctree

⇒ Arabic: طَرْبُوش (ṭarbūš)
→ Armenian: թարբուշ (tʻarbuš)
→ English: tarboosh
→ French: tarbouche
→ German: Tarbusch
→ Hebrew: תַּרְבּוּשׁ (tarbūš)
→ Italian: tarbuscio
→ Malay: tarbus
→ Ottoman Turkish: طرپوش (tarpuş)
Turkish: tarpuş
→ Polish: tarbusz
→ Russian: тарбуш (tarbuš)
→ Swahili: tarbushi

desc

→ Middle Armenian: շարփուշ (šarpʻuš), սարփուշ (sarpʻuš)

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܲܪܦܘܿܫܳܐ (sarp̄ōšā)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: سرپوش (särpuş)

Azerbaijani: sərpuş

Ottoman Turkish: سرپوش (serpuş)

Turkish: serpuş

→ Urdu: سرپوش

→ Urdu: سرپوش

From سر (sar, “head”) + پوش (puš, “cover”).

cap (a protective seal or cover)
bottle cap

cap (a protective seal or cover)
plastic cap


سیج

From Middle Persian [script needed] (syc /sēj/, “danger, trouble”), compare Avestan 𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬘𐬀𐬵 (ⁱθiiejah).


دشت سیلابی

[d̪äʃ.t̪ʰɪ säj.lɑː.bíː]

[d̪äʃ.t̪ʰɪ säj.lɑː.bíː]

[d̪äʃ.t̪ʰɪ säj.lɑː.bíː]


تأکید

head

تأکید • (ta'kid) (plural تأکیدات (ta'kidât))

→ Assamese: তাগিদ (tagid)

desc

→ Middle Bengali: তাগিদ(দার) (tagid(dar))

Bengali: তাগিদ (tagid)

→ Dogri: tākīd

Devanagari script: ताकीद

Dogra script: 𑠙𑠬𑠊𑠮𑠛

→ Gojri: تاکِید (tākīd)

→ Gujarati: તાકીદ (tākīd)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताकीद (tākīd)

Urdu: تَاکِیدْ (tākīd)

Urdu: تَاکِیدْ (tākīd)

→ Kannada: ತಾಕೀತು (tākītu)

→ Malayalam: താക്കീത് (tākkītŭ)

→ Malvi: ताकीद (tākīd)

→ Marathi: ताकीद (tākīd)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: ताकीद (tākīd)

Mahajani script: 𑅣𑅕𑅑𑅥 (tkid)

⇒ Nepali: ताकिता (tākitā), Nepali: ताकिती (tākitī)

→ Odia: ତାକିଦ୍ (tākid)

→ Punjabi: tākīd

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਕੀਦ

Shahmukhi script: تاکِید

→ Sindhi:

Devanagari script: ताकीद

Arabic script: تاڪِيد

Khudabadi script: 𑋍𑋠𑊺𑋢𑋏 (tākīda)

→ Tamil: தாக்கீது (tākkītu)

→ Telugu: తాఖీదు (tākhīdu)

→ Varhadi: ताकीद (tākīd)

[t̪ʰäʔ.kʰiːd̪]

[t̪ʰäʔ.kʰiːd̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.kʰiːd̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.kʰid̪̥]

[t̪ʰæʔ.kʰʲiːd̪̥]

emphasis (special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.)

(linguistics) stress, accentuation, emphasis (the phonetic or phonological feature that distinguishes emphatic consonants from other consonants)


زرباف

head

زرباف • (zarbâf)

زربفت زربفت#Persian


زربفت

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զարպապ (zarpap), զարբաբ (zarbab), զարբաֆ (zarbaf)

Armenian: զարբաբ (zarbab), զառբաբ (zaṙbab), զառբաֆ (zaṙbaf), զարբաֆ (zarbaf), զարպաֆ (zarpaf)

→ Azerbaijani: zərbaft, zərbaf

→ Ottoman Turkish: زربفت (zerbeft), زرباف (zerbaf)

From زر (zar, “gold”) + بافت (bâft, “woven”).


یخنی

→ Bengali: আখনী (akhnī)

→ Armenian: յախնի (yaxni), յահնի (yahni), եխնի (exni), եախնի (eaxni) — traditional orthography

→ English: yakhni

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यख़नी (yaxnī)

Urdu: یخنی (yaxnī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: یخنی (yahni)

Turkish: yahni

→ Arabic: يَخْنِي (yaḵnī), يَخْنَة (yaḵna)

→ Bulgarian: яхни́я (jahníja)

→ Greek: γιαχνί (giachní)

→ Ladino: yahní

→ Macedonian: јанија (janija)

→ Romanian: iahnie

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀хнија, ја̀нија

Latin script: jàhnija, jànija


موریانه

head

موریانه • (muryâne) (plural موریانهها (muryâne-hâ))

muryâne (romanization)
موریانهها (plural)

Derived from the word مور (mur, “ant”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *marwíš.


میگو

میگو • (meygu) (plural میگوها (meygu-hâ))

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mdk' /ma(y)ik/), from Proto-Iranian *madika, a variant of Proto-Iranian *madaxa (“locust, grasshopper”), and thus related to ملخ (malax); see there for further information.
The second component is from Middle Persian [Term?] (/-ūg/, “-like”).


قلقلک

Cognate with Natanzi قلقلک (qelqelak), قلقلی (qelqeli). Possibly related غلغلیچ (ğelğelič).


قشلاق

head

قشلاق • (qešlâq)

fa-noun

قشلاق • (qešlâq)

qešlâq (romanization)
قشلاق (singular)
qešlâq (singular)
قشلاقها (plural)
qešlâq-hấ (plural)
قشلاقا (colloquial plural)
qešlâqấ (plural)
قشلاق را (definite direct-object singular)
qešlâq râ (definite direct-object singular)
قشلاق رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
qešlâqo (definite direct-object singular)
قشلاقها را (definite direct-object plural)
qešlâq-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
قشلاقا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
qešlâqấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
قشلاق (ezafe singular)
qešlâq-e (ezafe singular)
قشلاقهای (ezafe plural)
qešlâq-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قشلاقای (colloquial ezafe plural)
qešlâqấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قشلاقی (definite relative singular)
قشلاقی (indefinite singular stressed)
qešlâq-i (definite relative singular)
qešlâq-i (indefinite singular stressed)
قشلاقهایی (definite plural relative)
قشلاقهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
qešlâqấn-i, qešlâq-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
qešlâqấn-i, qešlâq-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
قشلاقایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
قشلاقایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
qešlâqấi (definite plural relative)
qešlâqấi (indefinite plural stressed)
قشلاقم (first-person possessive singular)
qešlâqam (first-person possessive singular)
قشلاقهایم (first-person possessive singular)
qešlâq-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
قشلاقهام، قشلاقام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
qešlâqấm (first-person possessive singular)
قشلاقت (possessive second-person singular)
qešlâqat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
qešlâqet (possessive second-person singular)
قشلاقهایت (possessive second-person singular)
qešlâq-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
قشلاقهات، قشلاقات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
qešlâqất (possessive second-person singular)
قشلاقش (possessive singular third-person)
qešlâqaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
qešlâqeš (possessive singular third-person)
قشلاقهایش (possessive singular third-person)
qešlâq-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
قشلاقهاش، قشلاقاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
qešlâqấš (possessive singular third-person)
قشلاقمان (first-person plural possessive)
qešlâqemân (first-person plural possessive)
قشلاقمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
qešlâqemun (first-person plural possessive)
قشلاقهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
qešlâq-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
قشلاقهامون، قشلاقامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
qešlâqấmun (first-person plural possessive)
قشلاقتان (plural possessive second-person)
qešlâqetân (plural possessive second-person)
قشلاقتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
qešlâqetun (plural possessive second-person)
قشلاقهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
qešlâq-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
قشلاقهاتون، قشلاقاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
qešlâqấtun (plural possessive second-person)
قشلاقشان (plural possessive third-person)
qešlâqešân (plural possessive third-person)
قشلاقشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
qešlâqešun (plural possessive third-person)
قشلاقهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
qešlâq-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
قشلاقهاشون، قشلاقاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
qešlâqấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Of Turkic origin. Compare Azerbaijani qışlaq, Turkish kışlak, Kazakh қыстау (qystau), etc...


لقمه

head

لقمه • (loqme) (plural لقمهها (loqme-hâ))


جنایتکار

جنایتکار • (jenâyatkâr) (plural جنایتکاران (jenâyatkârân))

jenâyatkâr (romanization)
جنایتکاران (plural)

[d͡ʒɪ.nɑː.jät̪.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒɪ.nɑː.jät̪.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒɪ.nɑː.jät̪.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒi.nɔː.jät̪.kʰɔ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒe.nɒː.jæt̪.kʰɒ́ːɹ]

a person who is guilty of a major crime, notably breaking the law


بزهکار

بزهکار • (bezehkâr) (plural بزهکاران (bezehkârân))

bezehkâr (romanization)
بزهکاران (plural)

[bɪ.ze̞ɦ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[bɪ.ze̞ɦ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[bɪ.zɪ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

a person who is guilty of petty crimes; delinquent


آه

→ Azerbaijani: ah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आह (āh)

Urdu: آه

→ Ottoman Turkish: آه

Turkish: ah

→ Pashto: آه (āh)

آه طولانی

داشتی صد دلبری هر دم که آهی کردمی
آه پنداری ترا ای شوخ کانها یاد نیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 128:

Every time I let out one sigh, you used to have a hundred comforts;
You will think of the sigh, o shameless one who does not remember them!

dāštī sad dilbarī har dam ki āhē kardamē
āh pindārī tu-rā ay šōx k-ānhā yād nēst


سازش

سازش • (sâzeš)

fa-noun

سازش • (sâzeš)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साज़िश (sāziś)

Urdu: سازش (sāziś)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼ (sāziś), ਸਾਜ਼ਸ਼ (sāzaś)

Shahmukhi script: سازِش (sāziś)


دیدار

head

دیدار • (didâr)

fa-noun

دیدار • (didâr)

→ Azerbaijani: didar

→ Bengali: দীদার (didar)

→ Hindi: दीदार (dīdār)

→ Urdu: دیدار (dedār)

→ Punjabi: ਦੀਦਾਰ (dīdār)

→ Uzbek: diydor

[d̪iː.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪iː.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪iː.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪i.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[d̪iː.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]


رطوبت

Tajik: рутубат (rutubat)

→ Uyghur: رۇتۇبەت (rutubet)

→ Uzbek: rutubat


غمناک

head

غمناک • (ğamnâk)

fa-noun

غمناک • (ğamnâk)


زنگار

head

زنگار • (zangâr)

Tajik: зангор (zangor)

→ Uzbek: zangor

→ Azerbaijani: zəngar

→ Bashkir: зәңгәр (zəñgər)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنگار (zengâr)

→ Tatar: зәңгәр (zäñgär)

→ Uyghur: زەڭگەر (zengger)

From زنگ (zang, “rust”) + ـار (-âr). Cognate to Kurdish ژەنگار (jengar, “dark green”) and compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ժանգառ (žangaṙ), Georgian ჟანგარო (žangaro), Classical Syriac ܙܢܓܪܐ (zangārā), ܙܘܢܓܪܐ (/zwngrʾ/), Arabic زِنْجَار (zinjār).


زنگار

زنگار • (zangâr)

Azerbaijani: zəngəl

Lezgi: зангал (zangal)

Compare زانو (“knee”), Ossetian зӕнгой (zængoj, “legging”).

(rare or obsolete) legging, gaiter, bootleg


دلدارها

دلدارها • (deldâr-hâ)

دلدار دلدار#Persian


دلداران

دلداران • (deldârân)

دلدار دلدار#Persian


پولداران

پولداران • (puldârân)

پولدار پولدار#Persian


شهردارها

شهردارها • (šahrdâr-hâ)

شهردار شهردار#Persian


شهرداران

شهرداران • (šahrdârân)

شهردار شهردار#Persian


دلبران

دلبر دلبر#Persian


بادیه

بادیه • (bâdiye)

fa-noun

بادیه • (bâdiye)

→ Azerbaijani: badya

→ Gujarati: બાદિયા (bādiyā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بادیه (badiye)

Turkish: badya

Crimean Tatar: badiye

Old East Slavic: бадия (badija)

Russian: бадья (badʹja)

Ukrainian: баддя (baddja)

From Middle Persian *bādiyag (compare [script needed] (bādag, “wine”)), from Old Persian *bātiyakah (compare Ancient Greek βᾰτῐάκη (batiákē)).
See batiola, 葡萄 (pútáo), باطية and бадья (badʹja) for more.


بادیه

head

بادیه • (bâdiye)

fa-noun

بادیه • (bâdiye)

Borrowed from Arabic بَادِيَة (bādiya, “desert”).

bor+

بادیهنشین (bâdiye-nešin, “Bedouin”)


جزدان

head

جزدان • (jozdân)

fa-noun

جزدان • (jozdân)

desc

→ Arabic: جِزْدَان (jizdān), جُزْدَان (juzdān)

→ Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: cizdan

→ Central Kurdish: جزدان (cizdan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جزدان (cüzdan, cızdan)

Turkish: cüzdan

→ Armenian: ճզտան (čztan), ջզդան (ǰzdan)

→ Romanian: ghiozdan

→ Pashto: جزدان (juzdā́n)

From جز (joz, “part”) + ـدان (dân, “container”).


خیار چنبر

head

خیار چنبر • (xiyâr čanbar)

desc

خِيَار شَنْبَر

→ Arabic: خِيَار شَنْبَر (ḵiyār šanbar)

→ Arabic: خِيَار شَنْبَر (ḵiyār šanbar)

→ Gujarati: ખયારસંબર (khayārsambar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خیارشنبه (hıyarşembe)

Turkish: hıyarşembe

→ Middle Armenian: խիարշամպար (xiaršampar), խիարշամբար (xiaršambar), խիար շամբլ (xiar šambl), խիարշամբայ (xiaršambay), խիարշամպայ (xiaršampay), խիարշամպէ (xiaršampē), խիարշանպէ (xiaršanpē) (some forms via Ottoman Turkish)

Armenian: խիարշեմպե (xiaršempe), խըյարշեմպե (xəyaršempe), խիար շեմպե (xiar šempe), խիարշէմպէ (xiaršēmpē), խըյարշէմպէ (xəyaršēmpē), խիար շէմպէ (xiar šēmpē) — traditional orthography

Cassia fistula
Cassia fistula#Translingual


انتقال

head

انتقال • (enteqâl)

fa-noun

انتقال • (enteqâl)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːl]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːl]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːl]

[ʔen̪.t̪ʰe.ʁɒ́ːl̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِقَال (intiqāl).

bor+

انتقال خون

انتقال بارهای سنگین ― enteqâl-e bâr-hâ-ye sangin ― transport of heavy goods


خوارزمشاه

head

خوارزمشاه • (xwârazmšâh)

fa-noun

خوارزمشاه • (xwârazmšâh)

[xɑː.ɾäzm.ʃɑːʱ]

[xɑː.ɾäzm.ʃɑːʱ]

[xɑː.ɾäzm.ʃɑː]

[xɔː.ɾäzm.ʃɔː]

[xɒː.ɹæzm.ʃɒːʱ]

[χɔ.ɾäzm.ʃɔʱ]

compound

خوارزم (xwârazm) + شاه (šâh)

fa:خوارزمشاه


صفویان

صفوی صفوی#Persian


قلمتراش

desc

→ Armenian: ղալամթրաշ (ġalamtʻraš), խալեմթրաշ (xalemtʻraš), ղըլըմթրաշ (ġələmtʻraš), կա̈լա̈մթրաշ (kälämtʻraš), խալէմթրաշ (xalēmtʻraš) — traditional orthography

→ Azerbaijani: qələmtəraş, qələmtaraş

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلمتراش (kalemtıraş, kalemtraş)

Turkish: kalemtıraş, kalemtraş


پتلون

head

پتلون • (patlûn)

fa-noun

پتلون • (patlûn)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
English pantaloonbor.
Urdu پَتْلُون (patlūn)der.
English pantaloonbor.
Hindi पतलून (patlūn)der.
Persian پتلون
Borrowed from Hindustani پَتْلُون (patlūn) / पतलून (patlūn).


زکات

head

زکات • (zakât)

fa-noun

زکات • (zakât)

From Arabic زَكَاة (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat”).

der

(Islam) zakat, one of the five pillars of Islam.


بیداد

head

بیداد • (bidâd)

fa-noun

بیداد • (bidâd)

[beː d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[beː d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[beː d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[beː d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[biː d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

From بیـ (bi, bê, “-less, un-, in-”) + داد (dâd, “justice”).

af

(literary) oppression, injustice, tyranny


میشین

head

میشین • (mišin)

fa-noun

میشین • (mišin)

→ Azerbaijani: meşin

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مشین (meşin), մէշին (meşin) — Armeno-Turkish
→ Armenian: մեշին (mešin)
Turkish: meşin


واج

From Middle Persian ʾʾwʾg (āwāg, “voice, speech”).


مجاور

head

مجاور • (mojâver) (plural مجاورها (mojâver-hâ) or مجاوران (mojâverân))

mojâver (romanization)
مجاورها (plural)
مجاوران (plural)

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́ɾ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́ɾ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́ɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic مُجَاوِر (mujāwir).

ای کمتر خادمان بزمت
بهتر ز مجاوران کعبه

late 1100s, Khāqānī, “Qaṣīda 188”, in دیوان خاقانی:

O, the least of the servants at your feast
Are better than the attendants of the Kaaba.

ay kamtar-i xādimān-i bazm-at
bihtar zi mujāwirān-i ka'ba


عتبات

عتبات • (atabât)

[ʔä.t̪ʰä.bɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔä.t̪ʰä.bɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔä.t̪ʰä.bɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔä.t̪ʰä.bɔ́ːt̪]

[ʔæ.t̪ʰæ.bɒ́ːt̪]

[ʔä.t̪ʰä.bɔ́t̪]

Borrowed from Arabic عَتَبَات (ʕatabāt).

عتبه عتبه#Persian


کوتوال

کوتوال • (kutvâl)

fa-noun

کوتوال • (kutvâl)

Borrowed from Indo-Aryan (compare Sanskrit कोटपाल/कोट्टपाल (koṭapāla/koṭṭapāla), Urdu کٹھوال (kṭhvāl), Hindi कोतवाल (kotvāl, “police chief”)) or Turkic (compare Chagatai کوتاوال / کوتاول).
Attested since the Ghaznavid period.

cog

कोटपाल/कोट्टपाल


جولاهک

head

جولاهک • (julâhak)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլուհակ (ǰuluhak)

Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլահակ (ǰulahak) — obsolete

Already Middle Persian, as seen in Arabic جُلَاهِق (julāhiq). From some descendant of Sanskrit कौलिक (kaulika, “weaver”).


شترخار

head

شترخار • (šotorxâr)

fa-noun

شترخار • (šotorxâr)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.χɔɾ]

اشترخار اشترخار#Persian

Alternative form of اشترخار (oštorxâr): camelthorn


اشترغار

head

اشترغار • (oštorğâr)

fa-noun

اشترغار • (oštorğâr)

[ʔuʃ.tuɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʔuʃ.t̪ʰuɾ.ɣɔːɾ]

[ʔoʃ.t̪ʰoɹ.ɢɒːɹ]

[ʔuʃ.t̪ʰuɾ.ʁɔɾ]

اشترخار اشترخار#Persian


شترغار

head

شترغار • (šotorğâr)

fa-noun

شترغار • (šotorğâr)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɣɑːɾ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.ɣɔːɾ]

[ʃo.t̪ʰoɹ.ɢɒːɹ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.ʁɔɾ]

اشترخار اشترخار#Persian


اشترخار

head

اشترخار • (oštorxâr)

fa-noun

اشترخار • (oštorxâr)

desc

أُشْتُرْغَار

→ Arabic: أُشْتُرْغَار (ʔušturḡār), أُشْتُرْخَار (ʔušturḵār), أُشْتُرْغَاز (ʔušturḡāz) — taṣḥīf

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʔʊʃ.t̪ʰʊɾ.xɑːɾ]

[ʔuʃ.t̪ʰuɾ.xɔːɾ]

[ʔoʃ.t̪ʰoɹ.xɒːɹ]

[ʔuʃ.t̪ʰuɾ.χɔɾ]

From اشتر (oštor, “camel”) + خار (xâr, “thorn”).


سداب

sadâb (romanization)
sodâb (romanization)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سداب (sedâb, sedâp), سدب (sedeb, sedep), سدف (sedef)
Turkish: sedef
→ Bulgarian: седе́ф (sedéf), седефче (sedefče)
→ Macedonian: седеф (sedef), седефче (sedefče)
→ Middle Armenian: սատաֆ (sataf)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: sèdef
Cyrillic script: сѐдеф

→ Middle Armenian: սատապ (satap)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (stʾp /saẟāb/), Compare Arabic سَذَاب (saḏāb) and Classical Syriac ܣܕܒ (/*səḏāḇ/) borrowed from it.

inh

Peganum harmala
Peganum harmala#Translingual

Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens#Translingual


سپندان

اسپندان اسپندان#Persian


سبزی فروش

→ Armenian: սավզիֆրուշ (savzifruš)


سیلان

head

سَیَلان • (sayalân)

fa-noun

سَیَلان • (sayalân)

سَیَلان (canonical)
sayalân (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic سَيَلَان (sayalān).


مصراع

head

مصراع • (mesrâ')

fa-noun

مصراع • (mesrâ')

(poetry) hemistich; half of a بیت (beyt, “line of verse”)


متخصص

head

متخصص • (motaxasses) (plural متخصصان (motaxassesân) or متخصصین (motaxassesin) or متخصصها (motaxasses-hâ))

motaxasses (romanization)
متخصصان (plural)
متخصصین (plural)
متخصصها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَخَصِّص (mutaḵaṣṣiṣ).

bor+

متخصصین قلب


نشور

head

نشور • (nošur)

fa-noun

نشور • (nošur)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नुशूर (nuśūr)

Urdu: نُشُور (nuśūr)


ظالم

head

ظالم • (zālim／zâlem) (sound plural ظالمها or ظالمان, broken plural ظالمون or ظلام or ظلمه)

→ Bengali: জালিম (jalim)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ालिम (zālim)

Urdu: ظالم

→ Ushojo: ظالم

→ Phalura: zaalím


دولچه

دولچه • (dulče)

fa-noun

دولچه • (dulče)

→ Azerbaijani: dolça

→ Armenian: դոլչա (dolčʻa)

→ Pashto: ډولچه


دارایی

head

دارایی • (dârâyi) (plural داراییها (dârâyi-hâ))

From دارا (dârâ, “having, possessing”) + ـیی (-yi).

af

[dɑː.ɾɑː.ˈjiː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɔː.ɾɔː.jí]

[d̪ɒː.ɹɒː.jíː]

دارایی جاری

دارایی ثابت


دارایی

→ Armenian: դարայի (darayi)

→ Azerbaijani: darayı

→ Chagatai: دارای (daray)

→ Georgian: დარაია (daraia)

→ Kyrgyz: дарай (daray)

→ Old Polish: daraj (via Turkic)

desc

→ Middle Russian: дороги (dorogi), дараги (daragi), дораги (doragi), дарага (daraga), дорога (doroga) (via Turkic)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دارایی (darayi)

→ Russian: дара́й (daráj) (via Turkic)

→ Tatar: дарай (daray)

→ Chuvash: тарай (taraj)

→ Eastern Mari: тарай (taraj)

[dɑː.ɾɑː.ˈjiː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɔː.ɾɔː.jí]

[d̪ɒː.ɹɒː.jíː]

a red silken stuff, similar to ikat in Southeast Asia


پیشتخته

head

پیشتخته • (pištaxte)

→ Azerbaijani: piştaxta

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پشتخته (peştahta), փէշթախթա (peştahta), փիշթախթէ (piştahte) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: peştahta
→ Albanian: peshtaf
→ Armenian: փեշթախթա (pʻeštʻaxtʻa)
→ Georgian: ფიშტახტი (pišṭaxṭi)
→ Greek: μπεζαχτάς (bezachtás)
→ Serbo-Croatian: pèštahta, пѐштахта

[pʰeːʃ.t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰä]

[pʰeːʃ.t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰä]

[pʰeːʃ.t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰä]

[pʰeːʃ.t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰä]

[pʰeʃ.t̪ʰäχ.t̪ʰä]


پاچه

head

پاچه • (pâče)

→ Azerbaijani: paça

→ Kazakh: башпай (başpai)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاچه (paça)
Turkish: paça
→ Armenian: փաչա (pʻačʻa)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: باجاق (bacak) (partly)

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɔː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɒː.t͡ʃʰé]

af

پا (pâ) + ـچه (če)

feet (of sheep, calves, or other animals, especially when boiled), trotters


پینگی

پینکی پینکی#Persian


پینکی

→ Azerbaijani: pinəki

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پینكی (pineke), پینك (pinek), پنك (pinek)
Turkish: pineke

پینکی کردن


کمخاب

kamxâb (romanization)
kemxâb (romanization)

→ Bengali: কিংখাব (kiṅkhab) (via Classic Persian)

desc

→ Thai: เข้มขาบ

→ Thai: เข้มขาบ (via Classic Persian)

کمخا کمخا#Persian


کمخا

kamxâ (romanization)
kemxâ (romanization)

→ Armenian: քամխա (kʻamxa)

→ Armeno-Kipchak: քամխա (kʻamxa) (possibly via Old Polish)

→ Crimean Tatar: кимха (kimha)

→ Georgian: ქამხა (kamxa), ხამხა (xamxa)

→ Middle Armenian: քեմխայ (kʻemxay), քիմխայ (kʻimxay), քիմհայ (kʻimhay)

→ Old East Slavic: камка (kamka) (via Turkic)

Russian: камка́ (kamká)

→ Kazakh: қамқа (qamqa)

→ Kyrgyz: камка (kamka)

→ Old Polish: kamcha, chamcha, kamka (via Turkic)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمخا (kemha, kimha)

Turkish: kemha

→ Romanian: camhă

→ Tatar: камка (qamka)

Of Chinese origin; cf. Middle Chinese 錦花 (MC kimX xwae, “brocade-pattern”).


لاری

head

لاری • (lâri)

→ Dhivehi: ލާރި (lāri)
→ English: laari

desctree

→? Georgian: ლარი (lari)
→ English: lari

From لار (lâr, “Lar, a Persian town that according to tradition would have been the first to produce the coin”) + ـی (-i).


لاری

head

لاری • (lārī)


خوشبختی

خوشبختی • (xošbaxti)

fa-noun

خوشبختی • (xošbaxti)


خونچه

head

خونچه • (xunče)

خوانچه خوانچه#Persian


خوانچه

خوانچه • (xânče)

→ Azerbaijani: xonça

→ Armenian: խոնչա (xončʻa)

→ Bengali: খাঞ্চা (khanca)

→ Georgian: ხონჩა (xonča)

→ Gujarati: ખાંચા (khā̃cā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خنچر (hançe)

af

خوان (xân) + ـچه (če)


قناد

زد لاف نیشکر بلب شیرین دوست
قناد صنع زان سببش بند بند کرد

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 143:

He boasted of sugarcane to the beloved's sweet lips;
For that, the confectioner had to close his business.

zad lāf-i nayšakar ba-lab-i šīrīn-i dōst
qannād sun' z-ān sababaš band band kard


قنات

head

قنات • (qanât) (plural قناتها (qanât-hâ))


دباغ خانه

دباغ خانه • (dabbâğ-xâne)

→ Armenian: դաբաղխանա (dabaġxana)

→ Azerbaijani: dabağxana

desc

→ Georgian: დაბაღხანა (dabaɣxana), დაბახანა (dabaxana)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طباقخانه (tabakhane)

Turkish: tabakhane


سمبوسه

سنبوسه سنبوسه#Persian

Alternative spelling of سنبوسه (sanbuse)


لک

Related to the complex of لخت (laxt, “piece, portion”), see it for more.

دل لک زدن

to miss, to die for, to strongly want; for the heart to be stained


خلاشی

head

خلاشی • (xalâši)

fa-noun

خلاشی • (xalâši)


خلاصی

head

خلاصی • (xalâsi)

fa-noun

خلاصی • (xalâsi)


خلاصی

head

خلاصی • (xalâsi)

fa-noun

خلاصی • (xalâsi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लासी (xalāsī)

→ Malay: kelasi (or from Arabic)

Indonesian: kelasi

→ Thai: กะลาสี (gà-laa-sǐi)

→ Lao: ກະລາສີ (ka lā sī)

→ Burmese: ခလာသီ (hka.lasi)

An alteration under the influence of etymology 1.

خلاشی خلاشی#Persian

(obsolete) Alternative form of خلاشی (xalâši, “sailor”)


خلاشه

head

خلاشه • (xalâše)

fa-noun

خلاشه • (xalâše)

Related to خاش (xâš), خاشه (xâše, “rubbish of stick”).

خس و خاشاک

خاشه (xâše), خاشاک pl (xâšâk, “rubbish of sticks”)

rubbish of sticks and/or thorns and/or straw


خلاسی

head

خلاسی • (xalâsi)

fa-noun

خلاسی • (xalâsi)

Borrowed from Arabic خِلَاسِيّ (ḵilāsiyy).


گوجه سبز

→ Gulf Arabic: كوجة (kōja)

→ English: greengage (calque)


تگلتو

→ Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: тәкалты, тәркалты

Latin script: təkaltı, tərkaltı

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تگلتی (teğelti), تگلتو (teğeltü)
Turkish: teğelti
→ Bulgarian: телти́я (teltíja), тилти́я (tiltíja), тельти́й (telʹtíj), тильти́й (tilʹtíj), тегалтия (tegaltija)

Apparently from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳 (SÍG.ZA.GÌN /takiltu/, “a kind of precious blue-purple wool”).


غافت

head

غافت • (ğâfat, ğâfet)

fa-noun

غافت • (ğâfat, ğâfet)

ğâfat (romanization)
ğâfet (romanization)

غَافِث غافث#Persian

Alternative form of غَافِث (ğâfas, ğâfes)


غافث

head

غافث • (ğâfas, ğâfes)

fa-noun

غافث • (ğâfas, ğâfes)

ğâfas (romanization)
ğâfes (romanization)

Agrimonia eupatoria
Agrimonia eupatoria#Translingual

agrimony (Agrimonia gen. et spp.), especially the common agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria)


غصه

→ Hindi: ग़ुस्सा (ġussā)

→ Rohingya: guccá


گازر

head

گازر • (gâzor) (plural گازرها (gâzor-hâ))


سیما

سیما • (simâ)

fa-noun

سیما • (simâ)

(literary) appearance; countenance; mien


اخم

Attested late; first attestation may be Mullā Tughrā (died 1667). From a suffixed form of Proto-Iranian *ák- (“bad”), related to Proto-Indo-European *ákas (“bad”). Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬌 (axti, “pain, suffering”) and Sanskrit अक (aka, “pain”).


شیردال

head

شیردال • (šêrdâl)

fa-noun

شیردال • (šêrdâl)

desc

→ Arabic: شِيرْدَال (šīrdāl)

→ Arabic: شِيرْدَال (šīrdāl)

[ʃeːɾ.ˈdɑːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɔ́ːl̥]

[ʃiːɹ.d̪ɒ́ːl̥]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/šēr/, “lion”) + [Term?] (/dāl/, “eagle”).


ماجراجو

head

ماجراجو • (mâjarâju)

fa-noun

ماجراجو • (mâjarâju)

[mɑː.d͡ʒa.ɾɑː.d͡ʒuː]

[mɑː.d͡ʒä.ɾɑː.d͡ʒuː]

[mɑː.d͡ʒä.ɾɑː.d͡ʒuː]

[mɑː.d͡ʒä.ɾɑː.d͡ʒuː]

[mɔː.d͡ʒä.ɾɔː.d͡ʒu]

[mɒː.d͡ʒæ.ɹɒː.d͡ʒuː]

From ماجرا (mâjarâ, “adventure”) + ـجو (-ju).


داروینیسم

head

داروینیسم • (dârvinism)

fa-noun

داروینیسم • (dârvinism)


ماشک

head

ماشک • (mâšak)

fa-noun

ماشک • (mâšak)


شبدر

desc

→ Russian: шабда́р (šabdár, “Persian clover, Trifolium resupinatum”)

Cognate to Pashto شغتل, شوتل, شوتله (“clover”).


اسپرس

[ʔɪs.pʰɪ́ɹs]

[ʔɪs.pʰɪ́ɹs]

[ʔɪs.pʰɪ́ɹs]

Borrowed from French esparcet, esparcette, from Occitan esparceto or Spanish esparceta, possibly related to esparcir (“to scatter”).


یونجه

Borrowed from Azerbaijani yonca (“clover; alfalfa”).


تالان

head

تالان • (tâlân)


هندو

هندو • (hendu) (plural هندوها (hendu-hâ))

→ English: Hindu

From Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), demonym derived from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “the Indus River”) or Proto-Iranian *sindʰu.

der

تیغ تو داند که چیست رمز و اشارات دین / طرفه بود هندویی وز عربی ترجمان

your sword knows about the secrets and allusions of the [Islamic] faith / it is a remarkable phenomenon, being a Hindu and [yet] a translator [of Islamic scriptures] from Arabic

tiğ-e to dânad ke čist ramz-o ešârât-e din / torfe bovad hendu-yi v-az 'arabi tarjomân

Hindu (practitioner of India's indigenous religion)

(dated) Indian, inhabitant of the Indian subcontinent


چلنگر

head

چِلِنْگَر • (čelengar)

fa-noun

چِلِنْگَر • (čelengar)

چِلِنْگَر (canonical)
čelengar (romanization)

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰe.leɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (cyl’ngl /čēlāngar/). Equivalent to چیلان (čilân, “iron chain, lock, ring”) + ـگر (gar, “-er”).


راهرو

head

راهرو • (râhro)

fa-noun

راهرو • (râhro)


طنبور

تنبور تنبور#Persian

Alternative spelling of تنبور (tambur, “tanbur (instrument)”)


عابد

head

عابد • (âbed) (plural عابدان (âbedân) or عابدها (âbed-hâ) or عباد (obbâd))

âbed (romanization)
عابدان (plural)
عابدها (plural)
عباد (plural)

از دست زاهد کردیم توبه
و از فعل عابد استغفرالله

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 417”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I make repentance from the hand of the ascetic,
And I seek God's pardon for the acts of the devotee.

az dast-i zāhid kardēm tawba
wa az fa'l-i ābid astağfirullāh

(religion) worshipper, pious devotee, religious ascetic


تیزآب

تیزآب • (têz-âb)

fa-noun

تیزآب • (têz-âb)

تیزاب تیزاب#Persian


دنیاگیری

head

دنیاگیری • (donyâ-giri) (plural دنیاگیریها (donyâ-giri-hâ))

donyâ-giri (romanization)
دنیاگیریها (plural)


همه‌گیری

همهگیری • (hame-giri) (plural همهگیریها (hame-giri-hâ))

همهگیری (canonical)
hame-giri (romanization)
همهگیریها (plural)


پس‌ماند

پسماند • (pas-mând) (plural پسماندها (pas-mând-hâ))

پسماند (canonical)
pas-mând (romanization)
پسماندها (plural)

[pʰæsʔ.mɒːn̪d̪̥]


کیفر

کیفر • (keyfar) (plural کیفرها (keyfar-hâ))

(dated) consequence of one's actions; reward or retaliation


جودر

→ Azerbaijani: çovdar

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاودار (çavdar), چودار (çavdar), چودر (çavdar)
Turkish: çavdar
→ Arabic: جَاوْدَار (jāwdār), جَوْدَار (jawdār), جَوْدَر (jawdar), جَاوْدَر (jāwdar)
→ Armenian: չավդար (čʻavdar)
→ Northern Kurdish: çewder
→ Ladino: chavdar
→ Persian: چاودار (čâvdâr)

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

From Classical Persian جو (jaw, “cereal, barley”) + ـتر (-tar, “contrastive suffix”).


سرشناس

head

سرشناس • (saršenâs)

fa-noun

سرشناس • (saršenâs)


الفاظ

head

الفاظ • (alfâz)

fa-noun

الفاظ • (alfâz)


سپری

[sɪ.pʰä.ɾíː]

[sɪ.pʰä.ɾíː]

[sɪ.pʰä.ɾíː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (spwlyk' /spurrīg/, “entire, complete, perfect”), from Proto-Iranian *uc- + *pr̥Hnáh (“full, filled”). Compare Old Armenian սպառ (spaṙ, “completion”), an Iranian borrowing.


وحی

وحی الهی


غلامی

head

غلامی • (ğolâmi)

fa-noun

غلامی • (ğolâmi)

[ɣʊ.lɑː.míː]

[ɣʊ.lɑː.míː]

[ɣʊ.lɑː.míː]

غلامی این خانواده دلیل و مراد خدا بوده از خلقت ما

2015, Ali Fani (lyrics and music), “Be Tâ-hâ, be Yâ-sin”:

Servitude to this family was God’s reason and intention for our creation

ğolâmi-ye in xânevâde dalil-o morâd-e xodâ bude az xelqat-e mâ


معراج

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معراج • (me'râj) (plural معراجها (me'râj-hâ) or معاریج (ma'ârij))

me'râj (romanization)
معراجها (plural)
معاریج (plural)

[miʔ.ˈɾɑːd͡ʒ]

[me̞ʔ.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[me̞ʔ.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[meː.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[meː.ɾɔ́ːd͡ʒ̥]

[meʔ.ɹɒ́ːd͡ʒ̥]

[meʔ.ɾɔ́d͡ʒ]

معراج محمد


شنگار

šangâr (romanization)
šengâr (romanization)

desctree

→ Arabic: شَنْجَار (šanjār), شِنْجَار (šinjār)
→ Persian: شنجار (šanjâr, šenjâr)

Compare Classical Syriac ܫܢܓܪܐ (šengarā), ܫܢܓܗ (šengah, “idem”), Old Armenian սնգոյր (sngoyr), Georgian სინგური (singuri), names of red colours; maybe the same word as treated under Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn) and إِسْرِنْج (ʔisrinj), with metathesis.


دولبند

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلبند (dülbend) (see there for further descendants)

From دول (dol, dawl, “revolving”), + بند (band, “band, tie”), compare دوربند (dorband, “band, belt”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish dorbend (“frame”).


بن‌واژه

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بنواژه • (bon-vâže)

fa-noun

بنواژه • (bon-vâže)

بنواژه (canonical)
bon-vâže (romanization)

From بُن (bon, “root”) + واژه (vâže, “word”).

(linguistics) lemma, the basic or dictionary form of a word


تخش

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تخش • (taxš)

Related to تخشیدن (taxšidan, “to sit on the first place”), from Old Persian [script needed] (taxša, “arrow”), from Proto-Iranian *taxša (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run”).


تعطیلات

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تعطیلات • (ta'tilât)

fa-noun

تعطیلات • (ta'tilât)


خیم

From Middle Persian [Term?]. Cognate with Parthian xdm (xaδm, “wound”); Persian خلم (xelm, “mucus”).


ثنا

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ثنا • (sanâ)

fa-noun

ثنا • (sanâ)


استویهاد

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استویهاد • (astavihâd)

fa-noun

استویهاد • (astavihâd)

From Middle Persian ʾstwhʾt' (astwihād), from Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬋.𐬬𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬎 (astō.viδātu, “who breaks a bone”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (bone) (more at استخوان) and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (twist).


مهمیز

→ Ottoman Turkish: مهموز (mahmuz)

→ Albanian: mamuz

→ Hungarian: mamuz

→ Macedonian: мамуза (mamuza)

→ Serbo-Croatian: màmuza

Turkish: mahmuz

From Arabic مِهْمَاز (mihmāz, “spur”). Displaced native Persian مخیز (maxiz, “spur”).


قرشمال

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قرشمال • (qerešmâl)

fa-noun

قرشمال • (qerešmâl)


کلنجار

kelenjâr (romanization)
kalanjâr (romanization)


شوفر

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شوفِر • (šufer)

fa-noun

شوفِر • (šufer)

Borrowed from French chauffeur, via Russian шо́фер (šófer).


خامه

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خامه • (xâme)

fa-noun

خامه • (xâme)

⇒ Khalaj: xâmatu

⇒ Urdu: خامَہ (xāma)

reed, especially when cut and dried for use

pen, a writing instrument originally made of reed

kind of graving tool, such as a stonecutter's chisel

pencil, or other instrument for writing or ruling

خامِهٔ تُرْش


امیرتومان

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امیرتومان • (amir-tumân)

fa-noun

امیرتومان • (amir-tumân)

From امیر (amir, “commander”) + تومان (tumân, “ten thousand (soldiers), a division”).

compound

(obsolete) a major general, a commander of a division.


سرلشکر

From سر (sar, “head, commander”) + لشکر (laškar, “a division”).


هنگ

Coined through back-formation from سرهنگ (sarhang), as if it were سر (sar, “commander, head”) + هنگ (hang, “regiment”)


آموت

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آموت • (âmut)

fa-noun

آموت • (âmut)

(archaic) the nest of large birds of pray, e.g. eagles or vultures, which is usually built at high elevations.


رژیمان

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رژیمان • (režimân)

fa-noun

رژیمان • (režimân)