پری

Bo Utas
Frahang-i Pahlavig
H.S. Nyberg
fa:پری
sv:Christopher Toll

From پریر (parir, parêr, “day before yesterday”), from Middle Persian 𐬞𐬭𐬌𐬭 (prir /parīr/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾyyl), [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾyyʾl /parīr, parēr/, “the day before yesterday”), from Proto-Iranian *parāyarah, from *para- + *ayarah (“day”) (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭𐬇 (ayarə̄, “day”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyer- (“day, morning”). Cognate with Mazanderani پره (pare), Bakhtiari [script needed] (parey), Bashkardi پریر (parir), Kermanic [script needed] (pare), Baluchi [script needed] (parērī), [script needed] (pairērī), Northern Kurdish pêr, Central Kurdish پەرێ (perê). Also compare Shirazi [Term?] (parigru(z)), Southern Luri [script needed] (parig).

der

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


گیتار

head

گیتار • (gitâr) (plural گیتارها (gitâr-hâ))

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡi.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[ɡʲiː.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]


پالتو

پالتو • (pâlto) (plural پالتوها (pâlto-hâ))

[pʰɒːl̪.t̪ʰó]


گرسنگی

[ɡʊ.ɾʊs.nä.ɡíː]

[ɡʊ.ɾʊs.nä.ɡíː]

[ɡʊ.ɾʊs.nä.ɡíː]


وقاحت

[væ.ʁɒː.ɦæt̪]


ییلاق

ییلاق • (yeylâq)

fa-noun

ییلاق • (yeylâq)

yeylâq (romanization)
ییلاق (singular)
yeylâq (singular)
ییلاقها (plural)
yeylâq-hấ (plural)
ییلاقا (colloquial plural)
yeylâqấ (plural)
ییلاق را (definite direct-object singular)
yeylâq râ (definite direct-object singular)
ییلاق رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
yeylâqo (definite direct-object singular)
ییلاقها را (definite direct-object plural)
yeylâq-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ییلاقا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
yeylâqấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
ییلاق (ezafe singular)
yeylâq-e (ezafe singular)
ییلاقهای (ezafe plural)
yeylâq-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ییلاقای (colloquial ezafe plural)
yeylâqấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ییلاقی (definite relative singular)
ییلاقی (indefinite singular stressed)
yeylâq-i (definite relative singular)
yeylâq-i (indefinite singular stressed)
ییلاقهایی (definite plural relative)
ییلاقهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
yeylâqấn-i, yeylâq-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
yeylâqấn-i, yeylâq-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
ییلاقایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
ییلاقایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
yeylâqấi (definite plural relative)
yeylâqấi (indefinite plural stressed)
ییلاقم (first-person possessive singular)
yeylâqam (first-person possessive singular)
ییلاقهایم (first-person possessive singular)
yeylâq-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ییلاقهام، ییلاقام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
yeylâqấm (first-person possessive singular)
ییلاقت (possessive second-person singular)
yeylâqat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
yeylâqet (possessive second-person singular)
ییلاقهایت (possessive second-person singular)
yeylâq-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ییلاقهات، ییلاقات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
yeylâqất (possessive second-person singular)
ییلاقش (possessive singular third-person)
yeylâqaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
yeylâqeš (possessive singular third-person)
ییلاقهایش (possessive singular third-person)
yeylâq-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ییلاقهاش، ییلاقاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
yeylâqấš (possessive singular third-person)
ییلاقمان (first-person plural possessive)
yeylâqemân (first-person plural possessive)
ییلاقمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
yeylâqemun (first-person plural possessive)
ییلاقهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
yeylâq-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ییلاقهامون، ییلاقامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
yeylâqấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ییلاقتان (plural possessive second-person)
yeylâqetân (plural possessive second-person)
ییلاقتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
yeylâqetun (plural possessive second-person)
ییلاقهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
yeylâq-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ییلاقهاتون، ییلاقاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
yeylâqấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ییلاقشان (plural possessive third-person)
yeylâqešân (plural possessive third-person)
ییلاقشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
yeylâqešun (plural possessive third-person)
ییلاقهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
yeylâq-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ییلاقهاشون، ییلاقاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
yeylâqấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Of Turkic origin. Compare Azerbaijani yaylaq, Turkish yaylak, Kazakh жайлау (jailau), etc...


یکی

From Classical Persian یک (yak, “one”) + ـی (-ē, “indefinite suffix”).


پله

head

پله • (pelle) (plural پلهها (pelle-hâ) or پلکان (pellekân) or پلگان (pellegân))

pelle (romanization)
پلهها (plural)
پلکان (plural)
پلگان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pillə

→ Georgian: ფილა (pila)

→ Armenian: փիլաքյան (pʻilakʻyan)

→ Azerbaijani: pilləkən

→ Georgian: ფილაქანი (pilakani)

→ Khalaj: pilləkân

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plk(y) /pillag/), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to walk, step”).


پارکینگ

head

پارکینگ • (pârking)

fa-noun

پارکینگ • (pârking)

[pʰɑːɾ.kʰíːŋɡ]

[pʰɑːɾ.kʰíːŋɡ]

[pʰɑːɾ.kʰíːŋɡ]

[pʰɔːɾ.kʰíŋɡ̥]

[pʰɒːɹ.kʰʲíːɲɡʲ̥]

car park (UK), parking lot (North America)


کارتون

head

کارتون • (kârtun) (plural کارتونها (kârtun-hâ))

[kʰɒːɾˈt̪ʰu(ː)n]


ویزا

ویزا • (vizâ)

fa-noun

ویزا • (vizâ)


پارک

head

پارْک • (pârk) (plural پارکها (pârk-hâ))

پارْک (canonical)
pârk (romanization)
پارکها (plural)

Borrowed from French parc or English park.


موکت

carpet (fabric used as a complete floor covering)


یوغ

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: یوغ (yug)
Turkish: yug

→ Urdu: یوغ (yoġ)

From earlier جغ (joğ), from Middle Persian ywg (juğ, “yoke”), from Proto-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. From the same root are جفت (joft) and, via Greek and Arabic, زُوج (zowj), both meaning “pair, couple; partner; even number”. Cognate with English yoke.


کالج

head

کالج • (kâlij)

fa-noun

کالج • (kâlij)

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

Ultimately Borrowed from English college likely borrowed through intermediary languages such as Pashto or Urdu کالج


صندلی

head

صَنْدَلی • (sandali) (plural صندلیها (sandali-hâ))

صَنْدَلی (canonical)
sandali (romanization)
صندلیها (plural)

desc

صَنْدَلِيَّة

→ Arabic: صَنْدَلِيَّة (ṣandaliyya)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صندلیه (sandaliyye)
Turkish: sandalye


فرستاده

head

فرستاده • (ferestâde) (plural فرستادگان (ferestâdegân) or فرستادهها (ferestâde-hâ))

ferestâde (romanization)
فرستادگان (plural)
فرستادهها (plural)


زندانبان

زندانبان • (zendânbân)

fa-noun

زندانبان • (zendânbân)

→ Azerbaijani: zindanban (now chiefly South Azerbaijani)


تیم

تیم ملی فوتبال ایران


تیم

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (tym /tēm/, “inn”), from Middle Chinese 店 (temᴴ).

bor+

ز قیم آن پرسیدم که اجرت این تیم چند است؟ گفت هر سال بیست هزار دینار مغربی بود، اما این ساعت گوشهای از آن خراب شده عمارت میکنند هر ماه یک هزار دینار حاصل کند یعنی دوازده هزار دینار و گفتند که در این شهر بزرگتر از این و به مقدار این دویست خان باشد.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

I asked its guardian, "How much is the rent for this caravanserai?" He said that it used to be twenty thousand Maghrebi dinars per year, but now a part of [the building] has collapsed and is undergoing repairs, so every month a thousand dinars are paid, that is to say twelve thousand dinars [per year]. And it is said that in this city, there are two hundred caravenserais which are bigger than or of the same size as this.

az qayyim-i ān pursīdam ki ujrat-i īn tēm čand ast? guft har sāl bīst hazār dīnār-i mağribī būd, ammā īn sā'at gōša'ē az ān xarāb šuda imārat mē-kunand har māh yak hazār dīnār hāsil kunad ya'nī dawāzdah hazār dīnār u guftand ki dar īn šahr buzurgtar az īn u ba miqdār-i īn dawīst xān bāšad.

(archaic) caravanserai (especially a large and grand one)


خرد

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hıred)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kret-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš
Persian خِرَد
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hlt /xrat, xrad/, “wisdom, understanding, intelligence”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš (“intelligence, mental power”), from Proto-Indo-European *krét-us. Akin to Old Armenian խրատ (xrat), an Iranian borrowing.

etymon

خِرَد

inh

wisdom, intellect, judgment, understanding


زندانی

head

زندانی • (zendâni) (plural زندانیان (zendâniân) or زندانیها (zendâni-hâ))

zendâni (romanization)
زندانیان (plural)
زندانیها (plural)

زندانیان سیاسی


زندان

زِندان • (zendân)

fa-noun

زِندان • (zendân)

زِندان (canonical)
zendân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: zindan

→ Kazakh: зындан (zyndan)

→ Middle Armenian: զնտան (zntan)

→ Northern Kurdish: zindan, zîndan

desc

→ Ossetian: зындон (zyndon), зиндонӕ (zindonæ), дзиндонӕ (ʒindonæ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زندان (zından, zindan)
Turkish: zindan
→ Albanian: zindan
→ Aromanian: zindáne, zundáne, zãndáne
→ Bulgarian: занда́н (zandán)
→ Macedonian: зандана (zandana)
→ Romanian: zandán
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зѝнда̄н
Latin script: zìndān

→ Uyghur: زىندان (zindan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zyndʾn' /zēndān/, “prison”). Ultimate origin uncertain. Perhaps originally "arsenal, armoury", from [Book Pahlavi needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “weapon, armour”) and [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “holder, container”).
Compare Old Armenian զնդան (zndan), Classical Syriac ܙܢܕܢܝܩ (zendānīq), Iranian borrowings.

inh

آنها میخواستند زندان برای ما قبر باشد؛ اما خدا را شکر، زندان را به عبادتگاه و فرهنگستان تبدیل کردیم.

They wanted prison to be a grave for us, but, thank God, we turned the prison into sanctuaries of worship and academies for study.

ân-hâ mixâstand zendân barây-e mâ qabr bâšad; ammâ xodâ râ šokr, zendân râ be ebâdatgâh o farhangestân tabdil kardim.


ازدواج

head

اِزدِواج • (ezdevâj) (plural اِزدِواجها (ezdevâj-hâ))

اِزدِواج (canonical)
ezdevâj (romanization)
اِزدِواجها (plural)

→ Gujarati: ઇઝદિવાજ (ijhadivāj)

→ Urdu: ازدواج (izdivāj)

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

حکمتی که بود حق را ز ازدواج
 گشت حاصل از نیاز و از لجاج

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3428:

The providential purpose that God had—namely, humble supplication or obstinate contumacy—was fulfilled by means of the marriage [of body and spirit].

hikmatē ki būd haqq rā z-izdiwāj
 gašt hāsil az niyāz u az lajāj


تقدیر

تقدیر • (taqdir) (plural تقدیرها (taqdir-hâ))

[t̪ʰäq.d̪íːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.d̪íːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.d̪íːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.d̪íɾ]

[t̪ʰæʁ.d̪íːɹ]

[t̪ʰäq.d̪íɾ]

سوم روز احمد ارسلان گفت: زندگانی خداوند دراز باد، آنچه تقدیر است ناچار بباشد، در غمناک بودن بس فایده نیست.

c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

On the third day, Ahmad Arslān said: "May my lord's life be long! What is preordained is unavoidable. There is no use in being sad any longer."

siwum rōz ahmad-i arslān guft: zindagānī-yi xudāwand darāz bād, ānči taqdīr ast nāčār bibāšad, dar ğamnāk budan bas fāyida nēst.

قابل تقدیر

اگر بر تقدیر معقولیت میفرمایید پس باطلترین و نجسترین و گندهترین دینها پیش من دین ایشان است بلكه دین هنود نزد من از دین ایشان بهتر!

1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:

If you assess it based on plausibility, then my view is that the absurdest, the impurest, and the dirtiest of religions is theirs: I think the religion of the Hindus is better than theirs!

agar bar taqdīr-i ma'quliyat mē-farmāyēd pas bātiltarīn u najistarīn u gandatarīn-i dīn-hā pēš-i man dīn-i ēšān ast balki dīn-i hunūd nazd-i man az dīn-i ēšān bihtar!


گنج

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/ganǰ/, “treasure”), from Old Persian [Term?] (/ganza/, “treasure”), probably from Old Median *ganǰam (“treasure”). See Arabic كَنْز ("treasure").


سوره

→ Gujarati: સૂરા (sūrā)


بادامک

head

بادامک • (bâdâmak)

fa-noun

بادامک • (bâdâmak)


معلمی

Etymology tree
Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama)
Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim)bor.
Classical Persian مُعَلِّم (mu'allim)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas
Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k)
Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)
Persian معلمیFrom Classical Persian مُعَلِّم (mu'allim) + ـِی (-ī).


ذبح

Borrowed from Arabic ذَبْح (ḏabḥ). Formally perhaps influenced by the related ذِبْح (ḏibḥ), though alteration of short vowels in Arabic loanwords is a common phenomenon.


لاشه

head

لاشه • (lâše)

fa-noun

لاشه • (lâše)


لاتی

head

لاتی • (lâti)

fa-noun

لاتی • (lâti)


کنیسه

head

کنیسه • (kanise) (plural کنیسهها (kanise-hâ))


ماتیک

ماتیک • (mâtik)

fa-noun

ماتیک • (mâtik)


پیامبر

head

پیامبر • (payâmbar) (plural پیامبران (payâmbarân) or پیامبرها (payâmbar-hâ))

payâmbar (romanization)
پیامبران (plural)
پیامبرها (plural)

See پیغمبر (peyğambar).

From earlier پیغامبر (peyğâmbar), from Middle Persian pgtʾmbl (payğāmbar, “messenger, apostle”). Analysable as پیام (payâm, “message”) + ـبر (-bar, “bearer, bringer”).

af

پیامبر اسلام


کند

→ Armenian: կունդ (kund)


کند

Tajik: қанд (qand)

desctree

→ Arabic: قَنْد (qand)
→ Ottoman Turkish: قند (kand)
→ Persian: قند (qand)
→ Gulf Arabic: قند (qand)
⇒ Old French: sucre candi
→ Middle English: candy
English: candy, candee, candie, candil, kandy
→ Cebuano: kendi
→ Hindi: कैंडी (kaiṇḍī)
→ Hopi: kyenti
→ Japanese: キャンディ (kyandi)
→ Kashubian: kindus (United States)
→ Korean: 캔디 (kaendi)
→ Tagalog: kendi

→ Azerbaijani: qənd

→ Karakalpak: qant

→ Kazakh: қант (qant)

→ Kyrgyz: кант (kant)

→ Turkmen: gant

→ Uzbek: qand

Chagatai: قند


کند

Possibly related to Persian کون (kun, “buttocks”) and dialectal Persian کین (kin, “buttocks”).


صبحانه

head

صبحانه • (sobhâne)

fa-noun

صبحانه • (sobhâne)

From صبح (sobh, “morning”) + ـانه (-âne, suffix).


آلیاژ

head

آلیاژ • (âliyâž) (plural آلیاژها (âliyâž-hâ))

[ʔɒː.li.jɒ́ːʒ]


معماری

معماری • (me'mâri)

fa-noun

معماری • (me'mâri)

→ Ottoman Turkish: معماری (mi'mârî)

Turkish: mimari

→ Urdu: معماری (me'mārī)

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]

From معمار (me'mâr, “architect”) + ـی (-i).


گاه

→ Azerbaijani: gah

→ Northern Kurdish: geh

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs), 𐫃𐫀𐫍 (gʾh /gāh/, “place, throne, bed; time”), from Old Persian [script needed] (gāθu-, “place; throne, chair”), from Proto-Iranian *gātu- / *gāθu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬙𐬎 (gātu, “place, seat, throne”) and Sanskrit गातु (gātú, “going; way; place”). Doublet of جاه (jâh), which passed through Arabic.

cog

در آن گاه

(Zoroastrianism) One of the five ritual divisions of a 24-hour day, each with a specific Zoroastrian prayer.

A word for place:
office, seat, position

(obsolete, except as a suffix) place (in general)


گاه

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs /gāh/, “Gatha; hymn, song”), from Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “Gatha; song”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“song”) from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eH-tHó-s, from the root Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eH- (“to sing, cry”).

der

Gatha, the most archaic segment of the Avesta, composed by Zoroaster himself


مغز

→ Gujarati: મગજ (magaj)

→ Hindi: मग़ज़ (maġaz)

→ English: maghaz

→ Ottoman Turkish: مغز (mağz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mzg /mazg/, “brain, marrow”), from Proto-Iranian *mazgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos. Cognate of English marrow.


فلسفه

From Arabic فَلْسَفَة (falsafa), from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), compounded from φίλος (phílos, “beloved”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


لچک

lačak (romanization)
laček (romanization)

→ Armenian: լաչակ (lačʻak)


یزدان

head

یَزْدان • (yazdân)

fa-noun

یَزْدان • (yazdân)

یَزْدان (canonical)
yazdân (romanization)

From Middle Persian yẕdʾn' (yazdān, “gods, spirits”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁ǵ- (“to revere, worship, sacrifice”).

der

ز آن سبب فرمود یزدان و الضحی
و الضحی نور ضمیر مصطفی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 295:

For that reason God said, By the morn:
by the morn is (refers to) the light of the hidden mind of Mustafá (Mohammed).

z-ān sabab farmūd yazdān waz-zuhā
waz-zuhā nūr-i zamīr-i Mustafā


معمار

head

معمار • (me'mâr)

fa-noun

معمار • (me'mâr)

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]


زیبائی

head

زیبائی • (zibâ'i)

fa-noun

زیبائی • (zibâ'i)

زیبایی زیبایی#Persian


خوشگلی

head

خوشگلی • (xošgeli)

fa-noun

خوشگلی • (xošgeli)


لاش

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܠܲܫܵܐ (laššā)

→ Azerbaijani: leş, ləş

→ Bengali: লাশ (laś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाश (lāś)

Urdu: لاش (lāš), لاشہ (lāša)

→ Middle Armenian: լաշ (laš)

Armenian: լաշ (laš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لاش (leş), لاشه (laşe)
Turkish: leş
→ Albanian: lesh
→ Armenian: լեշ (leš)
→ Aromanian: leșã
→ Bulgarian: леш (leš)
→ Byzantine Greek: λέσι (lési)
Greek: λέσι (lési)
→ Crimean Tatar: leş
→ Georgian: ლეში (leši)
→ Bats: ლეშ (leš)
→ Romanian: leș
→ Serbo-Croatian: leš / леш

→ Punjabi: ਲਾਸ਼ (lāś)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lšt /lašt/, “corpse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬯𐬙𐬀 (ⁱrista, “corpse”) and Proto-Germanic *līką.


ایزد

From Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (yazata, “worthy of reverence, worthy of devotion, worthy of worship”). Compare Sanskrit यजत (yajata) and Classical Syriac ܝܙܕ.


اریگامی

head

اریگامی • (origâmi)

fa-noun

اریگامی • (origâmi)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

اوریگامی اوریگامی#Persian

Alternative form of اوریگامی (ōrīgāmī／owrigâmi, “origami”)


رژه

head

رژه • (reže)

fa-noun

رژه • (reže)

inh

Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, righten”)


سوپ

Borrowed from French soupe, eventually from Proto-Germanic *supô.


ودکا

head

ودکا • (vodkâ)

fa-noun

ودکا • (vodkâ)


قرن

head

قرن • (qarn) (plural قرنها (qarn-hâ) or قرون (qorun))

qarn (romanization)
قرنها (plural)
قرون (plural)


جودو

جودو • (jūdō／jodo)

fa-noun

جودو • (jūdō／jodo)

[d͡ʒʊː.d̪ʊː]

Ultimately derived from Japanese 柔(じゅう)道(どう) (jūdō).

ja-r

柔(じゅう)道(どう) (jūdō)


سلاخی

head

سلاخی • (salâxi)

fa-noun

سلاخی • (salâxi)


مردار

head

مردار • (mordâr)

fa-noun

مردار • (mordâr)

→ Azerbaijani: murdar

→ Crimean Tatar: murdar

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुर्दार (murdār)

Urdu: مردار (murdār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مردار (murdar)
Turkish: murdar, mundar
→ Albanian: murdar
→ Aromanian: murdar
→ Bulgarian: мурда́р (murdár)
→ Greek: μουρντάρης (mourntáris)
→ Megleno-Romanian: murdar
→ Middle Armenian: մուռտառ (muṙtaṙ), մուրտառ (murtaṙ), մուրտար (murtar)
Armenian: մունդառ (mundaṙ), մուռտառ (muṙtaṙ), մունտառ (muntaṙ), մունդա̈ռ (mundäṙ), մուրդառ (murdaṙ), մուռտալ (muṙtal)
→ Romanian: murdar
→ Serbo-Croatian: mùrdār / му̀рда̄р

→ Pashto: مردار (mërdâr)

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[muɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[moɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

Formed of مردن (mordan, “to die”) + ـار (-âr).


تکنولوژی

head

تِکنولوژی • (teknoloži) (plural تکنولوژیها (teknoloži-hâ))

تِکنولوژی (canonical)
teknoloži (romanization)
تکنولوژیها (plural)


توریست

[t̪ʰuː.ɹíːst̪]


بازیچه

بازیچه • (bâziče) (plural بازیچهها (bâziče-hâ))

From بازی + ـچه.

برای خواهرم چند بازیچه خرید.


جغرافی

جغرافی • (joğrâfi)

fa-noun

جغرافی • (joğrâfi)


است

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫘𐫤 (ʾst /ast/), from Proto-Iranian *HástH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁. Cognate with Northern Kurdish hestî, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌- (asti-), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Latin os, Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Armenian ոսկոր (oskor).


شیاف

head

شیاف • (šiyâf)

fa-noun

شیاف • (šiyâf)


حاشیه

head

حاشیه • (hâšiye) (plural حواشی (havâši) or حاشیهها (hâšiye-hâ))

hâšiye (romanization)
حواشی (plural)
حاشیهها (plural)


نیش

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nēš), from Old Median, from Proto-Iranian *náyjam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náyȷ́žʰam.


کهکشان

کهکشان • (kahkašân) (plural کهکشانها (kahkašân-hâ))

kahkašân (romanization)
کهکشانها (plural)

[kʰäɦ.kʰä.ʃɑ́ːn]

[kʰäɦ.kʰä.ʃɑ́ːn]

[kʰɑː.kʰä.ʃɑ́ːn]

[kʰɔː.kʰä.ʃɔ́ːn]

[kʰʲæɦ.kʰʲæ.ʃɒ́ːn]

[kʰäɦ.kʰä.ʃɔ́n]

From کاه (kâh, “hay”) + کش (keš, “pull, haul”) + ـان (-ân, “likeness suffix”). Named after the resemblance of the Milky Way in the night sky to a road, covered with scattered hay.


درام

head

درام • (derâm)


درام

درام • (derâm)


درام

درام • (derâm)


گوگرد

گوگرد • (gôgerd)

fa-noun

گوگرد • (gôgerd)

→ Azerbaijani: kükürd

→ Bashkir: көкөрт (kökört)

→ Chuvash: кӳкӗрт (kük̬ĕrt)

→ Georgian: გოგირდი (gogirdi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोगिर्द (gogird)

Urdu: گوگرد (gugird, gogird)

→ Kazakh: күкірт (kükırt)

→ Kyrgyz: күкүрт (kükürt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گوگرد (gûgird)

→ Mongolian: хүхэр (xüxer)

→ Southern Altai: кӱӱрт (küürt)

→ Tatar: күкерт (kükert)

→ Turkish: kükürt

→ Turkmen: kükürt

→ Uyghur: گۈڭگۈرت (günggürt) / گۇگۇت (gugut)

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡ̥uː.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwklt'), 𐫃𐫇𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (gwgyrd /gōgird/, “sulphur”). Cognate with Sogdian 𐫄𐫇𐫐𐫤 (ɣwkt /γōkət/).

inh

گفت گوگرد پارسی خواهم بردن به چین که شنیدم قیمتی عظیم دارد[…]
guft: "gôgird-i pârsî xwâham burdan ba čîn ki šanîdam qaymatê azîm dârad […]

1259, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 3, story 21

[He] said: "I will bring Persian sulfur to China, as I have heard it is highly valued […] "


مصدر

head

مصدر • (masdar) (plural مصدرها (masdar-hâ) or مصادر (masâder))

masdar (romanization)
مصدرها (plural)
مصادر (plural)


جغرافیا

جغرافیا • (joğrâfiyâ)

fa-noun

جغرافیا • (joğrâfiyâ)

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː]

Borrowed from Arabic جُغْرَافِيَا (juḡrāfiyā), from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía, “a description of the earth”).

bor+

جُغْرَافِيَا


گور

→ Armenian: գյոռ (gyoṙ, “Muslim grave”)

→ Azerbaijani: gor

→ Bashkir: гүр (gür)

→ Gujarati: ગોર (gor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोर (gor)

Urdu: گور (gor)

→ Kazakh: көр (kör)

→ Kyrgyz: көр (kör)

→ Kumyk: кёр (kör)

→ Northern Luri: قۋر (qür)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گور (gûr)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰ (gor)

Shahmukhi script: گور (gor)

→ Tatar: гүр (gür)

→ Turkmen: gör

→ Uyghur: گور (gor)

→ Uzbek: goʻr

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gpl /gabr/), [script needed] (gwbl /gabr/, “hollow, cavity, womb”). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (gbr /gabr/).

cog

بهرام که گور میگرفتی همه عمر
دیدی که چگونه گور بهرام گرفت؟

1100s, Rubaʿī attributed to Umar Khayyām:

Bahrām [V], who hunted down onagers all his life;
Have you seen how the grave has hunted down Bahrām?

bahrām ki gōr mē-giriftē hama umr
dīdī ki čigōna gōr bahrām girift?


گور

From Middle Persian gwl (gōr, “onager, wild ass”).


کژدم

head

کژدم • (každom) (plural کژدمها (každom-hâ))

každom (romanization)
کژدمها (plural)
کژدم (singular)
každom (singular)
کژدمها (plural)
každom-hấ (plural)
کژدما (colloquial plural)
každomấ (plural)
کژدم را (definite direct-object singular)
každom râ (definite direct-object singular)
کژدم رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
každomo (definite direct-object singular)
کژدمها را (definite direct-object plural)
každom-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کژدما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
každomấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کژدم (ezafe singular)
každom-e (ezafe singular)
کژدمهای (ezafe plural)
každom-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کژدمای (colloquial ezafe plural)
každomấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کژدمی (definite relative singular)
کژدمی (indefinite singular stressed)
každom-i (definite relative singular)
každom-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کژدمهایی (definite plural relative)
کژدمهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
každomấn-i, každom-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
každomấn-i, každom-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کژدمایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کژدمایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
každomấi (definite plural relative)
každomấi (indefinite plural stressed)
کژدمم (first-person possessive singular)
každomam (first-person possessive singular)
کژدمهایم (first-person possessive singular)
každom-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کژدمهام، کژدمام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
každomấm (first-person possessive singular)
کژدمت (possessive second-person singular)
každomat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
každomet (possessive second-person singular)
کژدمهایت (possessive second-person singular)
každom-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کژدمهات، کژدمات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
každomất (possessive second-person singular)
کژدمش (possessive singular third-person)
každomaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
každomeš (possessive singular third-person)
کژدمهایش (possessive singular third-person)
každom-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کژدمهاش، کژدماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
každomấš (possessive singular third-person)
کژدممان (first-person plural possessive)
každomemân (first-person plural possessive)
کژدممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
každomemun (first-person plural possessive)
کژدمهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
každom-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کژدمهامون، کژدمامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
každomấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کژدمتان (plural possessive second-person)
každometân (plural possessive second-person)
کژدمتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
každometun (plural possessive second-person)
کژدمهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
každom-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کژدمهاتون، کژدماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
každomấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کژدمشان (plural possessive third-person)
každomešân (plural possessive third-person)
کژدمشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
každomešun (plural possessive third-person)
کژدمهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
každom-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کژدمهاشون، کژدماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
každomấšun (plural possessive third-person)
کژدمم (first-person predicative singular)
každomam (first-person predicative singular)
کژدمیم (first-person plural predicative)
každomim (first-person plural predicative)
کژدمی (predicative second-person singular)
každomi (predicative second-person singular)
کژدمید (plural predicative second-person)
každomid (plural predicative second-person)
کژدمین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
každomin (plural predicative second-person)
کژدم است (predicative singular third-person)
každom ast (predicative singular third-person)
کژدمه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
každome (predicative singular third-person)
کژدمند (plural predicative third-person)
každomand (plural predicative third-person)
کژدمن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
každoman (plural predicative third-person)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gazdum). By surface analysis, کژ (kaž, “bent, crooked”) + دم (dom, “tail”). For the semantics compare Old Armenian կոր (kor). Compare Semnani گيژدم (giždom), Talysh کرژدوم (kırjdom).

surf

آدمی مر مار و کژدم را چه کرد
کاو همیخواهد مر او را مرگ و درد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 230:

What was done by man to snake and scorpion
that they wish (to inflict) death and pain upon him?

ādamī mar mār u každum rā či kard
k-ō hamē-xwahad ō rā marg u dard

(chiefly Dari, Tajik; elsewhere dated) scorpion


حقیقت

head

حَقیقَت • (haqiqat) (plural حقیقتها (haqiqat-hâ) or حقایق (haqâyeq))

حَقیقَت (canonical)
haqiqat (romanization)
حقیقتها (plural)
حقایق (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: həqiqət

→ Bashkir: хәҡиҡәт (xəqiqət)

→ Bengali: হকিকত (hokikot)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हक़ीक़त (haqīqat)

Urdu: حَقِیقَت (haqīqat)

→ Indonesian: hakikat

→ Kazakh: ақиқат (aqiqat)

→ Kyrgyz: акыйкат (akıykat)

→ Malay: hakikat

→ Tausug: hakīkat

→ Turkish: hakikat

→ Turkmen: hakykat

→ Uzbek: haqiqat


تراکتور

تراکتور • (terâktor)

fa-noun

تراکتور • (terâktor)


تراس

head

تراس • (terâs)

fa-noun

تراس • (terâs)


لالی

head

لالی • (lâli)

fa-noun

لالی • (lâli)


موتور

head

موتور • (motor) (plural موتورها (motor-hâ))


تاکسی

تاکسی • (tâksi)

fa-noun

تاکسی • (tâksi)


کودکی

From کودک (kudak, “young child”) + ـی (-i).


نهنگ

head

نهنگ • (nahang) (plural نهنگها (nahang-hâ) or نهنگان (nahangân))

nahang (romanization)
نهنگها (plural)
نهنگان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: nəhəng (“giant”)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نهنگ (neheng)
Turkish: neheng

From Middle Persian 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫃 (nhng /nihang/, “crocodile”).


آجر

[ʔɑː.ˈd͡ʒuɾ]

[ʔɑː.d͡ʒʊ́ɾ]

[ʔɑː.d͡ʒʊ́ɾ]

[ʔɑː.d͡ʒʊ́ɾ]


سکو

From a Turkic source, despite Clauson; ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sekü.


تشنگی

[t̪ʰäʃ.nä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰäʃ.nä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰäʃ.nä.ɡíː]

[t̪ʰäʃ.nä.ɡí]

[t̪ʰeʃ.næ.ɡʲíː]

[t̪ʰäʃ.nä.ɡí]

هر دم از تشنگی وصل مزن تیغ جفا
که دگر آرزوی آب زلالست مرا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 100:

Do not strike iniquity's blade at each moment because of my thirst for reunion [with you],
For I also have a desire for limpid water.

har dam az tašnagī-yi wasl mazan tēğ-i jafā
ki digar ārzū-yi āb-i zulāl ast ma-rā


کلید

head

کِلید or کَلید • (kelid or kalid) (plural کلیدها (kelid-hâ))

کِلید (canonical)
کَلید (canonical)
kelid (romanization)
kalid (romanization)
کلیدها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: kilid

→ Kazakh: кілт (kılt)

→ Northern Kurdish: kilîd

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلید (kilid), كلیت (kilit)
Turkish: kilit

→ Uzbek: kalit

Inherited from Middle Persian *kilēd, from Ancient Greek κλείς, κλειδός (kleís, kleidós).

uder

κλείς, κλειδός

کِلیدِ سُل

کِلیدِ فا


بره

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *varn-aka-, from Proto-Indo-European *urh₁en- (“ram”).
See also Mazanderani وره (vare), Sanskrit उरण (úraṇa), Central Kurdish بەرخ (berx), Northern Kurdish berx, Zazaki verek, Baluchi گْوّرگ (gwarag), Ancient Greek ἀρήν (arḗn), Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn).


مربا

Tajik: мураббо (murabbo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुरब्बा (murabbā)

Urdu: مربا (murabbā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مربا (mürebbâ)

→ Uyghur: مۇراببا (murabba)

→ Uzbek: murabbo

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَبَّى (murabbā).


یهودی

head

یَهودی • (yahudi) (plural یهودیان (yahudiyân))

یَهودی (canonical)
yahudi (romanization)
یهودیان (plural)
یهودی (singular)
yahudí (singular)
یهودیان (plural)
yahudiấn (plural)
یهودیا (colloquial plural)
yahudiấ (plural)
یهودی را (definite direct-object singular)
yahudí râ (definite direct-object singular)
یهودی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
yahudí ro (definite direct-object singular)
یهودیان را (definite direct-object plural)
yahudiấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
یهودیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
yahudiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
یهودی (ezafe singular)
yahudí-ye (ezafe singular)
یهودیان (ezafe plural)
yahudiấn-e (ezafe plural)
یهودیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
yahudiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
یهودی (definite relative singular)
یهودی (indefinite singular stressed)
yahudí (definite relative singular)
yahudí (indefinite singular stressed)
یهودیانی (definite plural relative)
یهودیانی (indefinite plural stressed)
yahudiấn-i (definite plural relative)
yahudiấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
یهودیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
یهودیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
yahudiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
yahudiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
یهودیام (first-person predicative singular)
yahudí-am (first-person predicative singular)
یهودیایم (first-person plural predicative)
yahudí-im (first-person plural predicative)
یهودیای (predicative second-person singular)
yahudí-i (predicative second-person singular)
یهودیاید (plural predicative second-person)
yahudí-id (plural predicative second-person)
یهودیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
yahudí-in (plural predicative second-person)
یهودی است (predicative singular third-person)
yahudí ast (predicative singular third-person)
یهودیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
yahudí-e (predicative singular third-person)
یهودیاند (plural predicative third-person)
yahudí-and (plural predicative third-person)
یهودیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
yahudí-an (plural predicative third-person)


بالش

بالش • (bâleš) (plural بالشها (bâleš-hâ))

→ Armenian: բալիշ (bališ)

→ Assamese: বালিছ (balis)

→ Azerbaijani: balış

desctree

→ Bashkir: бәлеш (bəleş)
→ Russian: беляш (beljaš)

→ Bengali: বালিশ (baliś)

→ Gujarati: બાલિશ (bāliś)

→ Georgian: ბალიში (bališi)

→ Hindi: बालिश (bāliś)

→ Kazakh: бәліш (bälış)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بالش (bâliş)
Turkish: baliş

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠟꠤꠡ (baliś)

→ Uzbek: bolish

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾlšn'), from Proto-Iranian *barjíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰarȷ́ʰíš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-; see there for further information.


ساندویچ

head

ساندویچ • (sândevič)

fa-noun

ساندویچ • (sândevič)


هنر

desc

→ Armenian: հունար (hunar), հյուներ (hyuner)

→ Azerbaijani: hünər

→ Baluchi: ہنر (hwnər)

→ Bashkir: һөнәр (hönər)

→ Georgian: უნარი (unari)

→ Gujarati: હુન્નર (hunnar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हुनर (hunar)

Urdu: ہُنَر (hunar)

→ Kazakh: өнер (öner)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: huner, hiner

→ Kyrgyz: өнөр (önör)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: هنر (hüner)
Turkish: hüner
→ Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)

→ Pashto: هنر (hunár)

→ Punjabi: hunar

Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਨਰ

Shahmukhi script: ہُنَر

→ Sindhi: hunaro

Arabic script: هُنَرُ

Devanagari script: हुनर

→ Uyghur: ھۇنەر (huner)

→ Uzbek: hunar

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /hunar/, “virtue, ability, skill”), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₂nḗr (“man; power, force, vital energy”). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, “means, way”) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, “skill, strength”), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, “possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful”).
Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (“strong”), Welsh hy-nerth (“mighty”), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, “manly”).

cog

هنرهای تجسمی ― honar-hâ-ye tajasomi ― visual arts

هنرهای زیبا


تارا

head

تارا • (târâ)

fa-noun

تارا • (târâ)

Borrowed from an Indian language (cf. Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with English star. Doublet of ستاره.


ملت

head

مِلَّت • (mellat) (plural ملل (melal) or ملتها (mellat-hâ))

مِلَّت (canonical)
mellat (romanization)
ملل (plural)
ملتها (plural)

→ Bengali: মিল্লত (millot)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मिल्लत (millat)

Urdu: مِلَّت (millat)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: مِلَّت (millat)

→ Sindhi: ملت

که از آن سو جملهی ملت یکی ست
صد هزاران سال و یک ساعت یکی ست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3504:

For beyond (the realm of contraries) all religion is one:
hundreds of thousands of years are the same as a single hour.

ki az ân su jumla-i-millat yaki-st
sad hazaran sâl u yak sâ'at yaki-st


تیر

Bengali: তীর (tir)

Rohingya: tir

Dhivehi: ތީރު (tīru)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तीर (tīr)

Urdu: تیر (tīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیر (tir)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੀਰ (tīr)

Shahmukhi script: تیر (tīr)

→ Marwari: तीर (tīr)

Tajik: тир (tir)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ), [Book Pahlavi needed] (HTYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (tgl), 𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫡 (tygr /tigr, tīr/, “arrow”), from Old Persian [Term?], compare 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼 (t-i-g-r /tigraʰ/, “sharp”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬌 (tiγri, “arrow”), 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra, “sharp”).

گفت آری موی ابرو شد کمان
سوی تو افکند تیری از گمان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 118:

“Yes,” said ‘Umar, “the hair of thine eyebrow had become like a bow
and shot at thee an arrow of opinion.”

guft ārē mōy-i abrū šud kamān
sōy-i tū afkand tīr-ē az gumān


امر

→ Azerbaijani: əmr

→ Urdu: اَمْر (amr)

آفتاب از امر حق طباخ ماست، ابلهی باشد که گوییم او خداست.

by the order of Truth [i.e. God], the Sun is our cook; it would be folly if we say it is God.

āftāb az amr-i haqq tabbāx-i mā-st, ablahī bāšad ki gōyēm ō xudā-st


فنجان

فِنْجان • (fenjân) (plural فنجانها (fenjân-hâ))

فِنْجان (canonical)
fenjân (romanization)
فنجانها (plural)

From Arabic فِنْجان (finjān), from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān).

فِنْجانِ چایخوری ― fenjân-e čây-xori ― teacup


وزغ

→? Georgian: ვასაკა (vasaḳa)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wzγ /wazaγ/, “frog”). Akin to Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬖𐬁 (vazaγā, “lizard, frog”), compare وزغه (vazağe, “small lizard”), and to Old Armenian Վազգէն (Vazgēn).


شبنم

head

شبنم • (šabnam) (plural شبنمها (šabnam-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: şəbnəm

→ Bengali: শবনম (śobonom)

→ Chagatai: شَبْنَم

Uyghur: شەبنەم (shebnem)

Uzbek: shabnam

→ Gujarati: શબનમ (śabnam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शबनम (śabnam)

Urdu: شَبْنَم (śabnam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شَبْنَم (şebnem)

Turkish: şebnem

→ Pashto: شَبْنَم (šabnám)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: شَبْنَم (śabnam)

desc

شبنم<alt:شَبِنَمِ>

→ Sindhi: شَبِنَمِ (śabinami)

From شب (šab, “night”) + نم (nam, “moisture, humidity”).


قبر

head

قَبْر • (qabr) (plural قبرها (qabr-hâ) or قُبور (qobur))

قَبْر (canonical)
qabr (romanization)
قبرها (plural)
قُبور (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəbir

→ Kazakh: қабір (qabır)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قبر (kabr, kabir)

Turkish: kabir

Crimean Tatar: qabir

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ब्र (qabra)

Urdu: قَبْر (qabr)

→ Gujarati: કબર (kabar)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: قبر (qabar)

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬਰ (kabar)

→ Sindhi: قبر (qabara)


دف

→ English: daf

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دف (def, tef)
Turkish: tef

→ Uyghur: داپ (dap)
→ Chinese: 達甫／达甫 (dáfǔ), 達卜／达卜 (dábǔ), 達普／达普 (dápǔ)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭯 (dp /dap/), ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”).

inh+

چو آن مه خشم دارد مطربا خیز
بیفگن چنگ و دف عیش و طرب چیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 125:

When that moon[-like beloved] is angry, o minstrel, stand up!
Throw down the lyre and drum! What is pleasure and mirth [when the beloved is angry]?

čū ān mah xišm dārad mutribā xēz
biyafgan čang u daf ayš u tarab čīst


چنگال

head

چنگال • (čangâl) (plural چنگالها (čangâl-hâ))

čangâl (romanization)
چنگالها (plural)
چنگال (singular)
čangâl (singular)
چنگالها (plural)
čangâl-hấ (plural)
چنگالا (colloquial plural)
čangâlấ (plural)
چنگال را (definite direct-object singular)
čangâl râ (definite direct-object singular)
چنگال رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
čangâlo (definite direct-object singular)
چنگالها را (definite direct-object plural)
čangâl-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
چنگالا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
čangâlấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
چنگال (ezafe singular)
čangâl-e (ezafe singular)
چنگالهای (ezafe plural)
čangâl-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چنگالای (colloquial ezafe plural)
čangâlấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چنگالی (definite relative singular)
چنگالی (indefinite singular stressed)
čangâl-i (definite relative singular)
čangâl-i (indefinite singular stressed)
چنگالهایی (definite plural relative)
چنگالهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
čangâlấn-i, čangâl-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
čangâlấn-i, čangâl-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
چنگالایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
چنگالایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
čangâlấi (definite plural relative)
čangâlấi (indefinite plural stressed)
چنگالم (first-person possessive singular)
čangâlam (first-person possessive singular)
چنگالهایم (first-person possessive singular)
čangâl-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
چنگالهام، چنگالام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
čangâlấm (first-person possessive singular)
چنگالت (possessive second-person singular)
čangâlat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
čangâlet (possessive second-person singular)
چنگالهایت (possessive second-person singular)
čangâl-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
چنگالهات، چنگالات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
čangâlất (possessive second-person singular)
چنگالش (possessive singular third-person)
čangâlaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
čangâleš (possessive singular third-person)
چنگالهایش (possessive singular third-person)
čangâl-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
چنگالهاش، چنگالاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
čangâlấš (possessive singular third-person)
چنگالمان (first-person plural possessive)
čangâlemân (first-person plural possessive)
چنگالمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
čangâlemun (first-person plural possessive)
چنگالهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
čangâl-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
چنگالهامون، چنگالامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
čangâlấmun (first-person plural possessive)
چنگالتان (plural possessive second-person)
čangâletân (plural possessive second-person)
چنگالتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
čangâletun (plural possessive second-person)
چنگالهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
čangâl-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
چنگالهاتون، چنگالاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
čangâlấtun (plural possessive second-person)
چنگالشان (plural possessive third-person)
čangâlešân (plural possessive third-person)
چنگالشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
čangâlešun (plural possessive third-person)
چنگالهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
čangâl-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
چنگالهاشون، چنگالاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
čangâlấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Armenian: չանգալ (čʻangal)

→ Azerbaijani: çəngəl

→ Georgian: ჩანგალი (čangali)

→ Mazanderani: چنگه (çange)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चंगाल (caṅgāl)

Urdu: چنگال (caṅgāl)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنگل (çengel), چنگال (çengel)
Turkish: çengel
→ Albanian: çengel, çengë
→ Arabic: شَنْكَل (šankal)
→ Armenian: չէնկէլ (čʻēnkēl)
→ Aromanian: cinǵéľu
→ Bulgarian: ченге́л (čengél)
→ Greek: τσιγκέλι (tsigkéli)
→ Macedonian: ченгел (čengel)
→ Romanian: cinghel, cinghil
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чѐнгел
Latin script: čèngel

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡɑ́ːl]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡɑ́ːl]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡɑ́ːl]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡɔ́ːl̥]

[t͡ʃʰæŋ.ɡɒ́ːl̥]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡɔ́l]

گربه مرگست و مرض چنگال او، میزند بر مرغ و پر و بال او.

c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3984”, in The Masnavi:

the cat is death and disease is its claws; it strikes the bird, and its feathers and wings.

gorbe marg-ast o maraz čangâl-e u, mi-zanad bar morğ o par o bâl-e u.


نوه

→ Azerbaijani: nəvə

→ Khalaj: nəvə

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (np /nab/, “grandson”), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎱𐎠 (napā), from Proto-Iranian *napāth, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nápāts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂népōts, *népōts. Compare Sanskrit नपात् (napāt, “grandson”), Latin nepōs (“grandson”), English nephew.


تحول

head

تحول • (tahavvol) (plural تحولات (tahavvolât))

[t̪ʰɑːäw.wʊ́l]

[t̪ʰɔːäw.wúl̥]

Borrowed from Arabic تَحَوُّل (taḥawwul).


فرانسوی

head

فرانسوی • (farânsavi) (plural فرانسویها (farânsavi-hâ))

farânsavi (romanization)
فرانسویها (plural)

From فرانسه (farânse, “France”) + ی (-i).


اکسیژن

اکسیژن • (oksižen)

fa-noun

اکسیژن • (oksižen)


رادون

head

رادون • (râdon)

fa-noun

رادون • (râdon)


نیتروژن

head

نیتروژن • (nitrožen)

fa-noun

نیتروژن • (nitrožen)


ماساژ

head

ماساژ • (mâsâž) (plural ماساژها (mâsâž-hâ))


اپرا

اپرا • (operâ)

fa-noun

اپرا • (operâ)


زان

Variant of زبان (zabân), also زوان (zavân), as in زبان گنجشک (zabân-gonješk, “ash”), which is a tree with very similar leaves.


تغییر

head

تغییر • (tağyir) (plural تغییرات (tağyirât) or تغییرها (tağyir-hâ))

tağyir (romanization)
تغییرات (plural)
تغییرها (plural)

[t̪ʰäɣ.jíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäɣ.jíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäɣ.jíːɾ]

[t̪ʰæɢ.jíːɹ]

[t̪ʰæɢ.jíːɹ]

تغییر مذهب

تغییرات اقلیمی


روی

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwd), 𐫡𐫇𐫏 (rwy /rôy/, “copper, brass”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás.


روی

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwd), 𐫡𐫇𐫏 (rwy /rôy/, “face”), from Proto-Iranian *rauda- (“appearance”) (with semantic shift "growth, development" > "appearance"), from Proto-Iranian *Hraud- (“to grow (bigger)”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”).


روی

the last letter of a distich, in which all the verses in the same poem terminate


روی

com

present stem form of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

رو (rav, “present stem form of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)”) + ی (i, “ezafe suffix”)


مظهر

head

مظهر • (mazhar) (plural مظاهر (mazâher))


دلار

دُلار • (dolâr)

fa-noun

دُلار • (dolâr)


نم

→ Azerbaijani: nəm

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नम (nam)

Urdu: نم (nam)

→ Kyrgyz: ным (nım)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نم (nem)
Turkish: nem

→ Uyghur: نەم (nem)

From Middle Persian 𐭭𐭬 (nam), from Proto-Iranian *nábah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nábʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.

جانا چه گویم شرح فراقت
چشمی و صد نم جانی و صد آه

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 417”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

My love, how shall I explain my separation from you?
One eye, and a hundred tears! One life, and a hundred sighs!

jānā či gūyam šarh-i firāqat
čašmē u sad nam jānē u sad āh


فتوا

head

فتوا • (fatvâ)

fa-noun

فتوا • (fatvâ)

(law) fatwa (legal opinion, decree or ruling issued by a mufti)


کشتار

head

کشتار • (koštâr) (plural کشتارها (koštâr-hâ))

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰuʃ.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[kʰoʃ.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[kʰuʃ.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

کشت (košt, past stem of کشتن (koštan, “to kill”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کشتن</i> (koštan, “to kill”)


یورو

منطقه یورو ― mantaqe-ye yuro or yoro ― the Eurozone

euro (the currency unit of the European Monetary Union)


پیاده

head

پیاده • (piyâde) (plural پیادهها (piyâde-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: piyada

→ Bengali: পেয়াদা (peẏada)

→ Crimean Tatar: piyade

→ Gujarati: પ્યાદું (pyādũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: प्यादा (pyādā)

Urdu: پیادہ (pyādā), پیادا (piyādā)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ಯಾದೆ (pyāde)

→ Marathi: प्यादे (pyāde)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਆਦਾ (piādā)

Shahmukhi script: پیادہ (peyādh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیاده (piyāde)

> Turkish: piyade (inherited)

→ Turkmen: pyýada

→ Uyghur: پىيادە (piyade)

→ Uzbek: piyoda

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭣𐭠𐭲𐭪' (pdʾtk' /payādag/), from Proto-Iranian *padātaka- / *padātika- (“on foot”), either from a compound of *pada- + *taka-, the former component from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”), the latter from Proto-Iranian *tač- (“to walk, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”), or from *padāti- + *-kah, the former a secondary derivation from *pā́dah, the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas (“deadjectival suffix, -ic”). Compare russian пешка(peška) from proto-slavic *pědšь(on foot) + suffix *ka.


مثلث

Borrowed from Arabic مُثَلَّث (muṯallaṯ).


چرم

head

چرم • (čarm)

fa-noun

چرم • (čarm)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (clm /čarm/, “skin, hide, leather”), from Old Persian 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman-/, “skin, hide, parchment”), from Proto-Iranian *čárma. Compare Pashto څرمن (carman, “skin”), Sanskrit चर्मन् (carman, “skin, hide, leather”), etc.

cog

بپوشید تن را به چرم پلنگ
که جوشن نبود و نه آیین جنگ

He dressed his body with leopard skin,
For there were no breastplates and no devices of war.

bipōšīd tan rā ba čarm-i palang
ki jawšan na-būd u na āyīn-i jang


آدم برفی

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɔː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fí]

[ʔɒː.d̪ǽm bæɹ.fíː]

Fa-آدم برفی.ogg


سوسیالیسم

head

سوسیالیسم • (sosiyâlism)

fa-noun

سوسیالیسم • (sosiyâlism)


دودمان

head

دودمان • (dudmân) (plural دودمانها (dudmân-hâ))

→ Urdu: دُودمان (dūdmān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwtkmʾn /dūtakmān, dūdagmān/). By surface analysis, دود (dud, “smoke”) + ـمان (-mân).

surf

دودمان پهلوی

دودمان سونگ

به توره و آئین مقرر صوفیان دودمان صفویه بر تخت سلطنت و قالیچه ارشاد که میراث آباء و اجداد عظام جنت مقام است متمکن گردانیده شرف پای بوس دریافتند.

1628—1629, Iskandar Beg Munshi, عالمآرای عباسی [Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi]:

In accordance with the established custom and practice of the Sufis of the Safavid house, they placed him on the throne of the sultanate, and they laid out the prayer rug of spiritual guidance, an heirloom from his great, heavenly-ranked ancestors, and were honored with kissing his feet.

be ture va â'yen-e moqarrar-e sufiyân-e dudmân-e safaviyye bar taxt-e saltanat va qâliče-ye eršâd ke mirâs-e âbâ' va ajdâd-e 'ezâm-e jannat-maqâm ast motammaken gardânide šaraf-e pây-bus dar-yâftand.


شماره

head

شماره • (šomâre) (plural شمارهها (šomâre-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: şümarə

→ Gujarati: સુમારે (sumāre)

→ Kannada: ಸುಮಾರು (sumāru)

→ Marathi: सुमारे (sumāre)

From Middle Persian ʾwšmʾlk' (ōšmārag, “calculation, reckoning”). Related to شمردن (šomordan); see there for more.

inh

شُمارِهٔ تِلِفُن شُما را نِمیفُروشیم.


فانوس

head

فانوس • (fânus) (plural فانوسها (-fânus-hâ))

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φανός (phanós, “lantern”).


اداره

اداره • (edâre)

fa-noun

اداره • (edâre)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इदारा (idārā)

Urdu: ادارہ (idārā)

[ʔi.ðɑː.ˈɾa]

[ʔɪ.d̪ɑː.ɾǽ]

[ʔɪ.d̪ɑː.ɾǽ]

[ʔɪ.d̪ɑː.ɾǽ]

[ʔi.d̪ɔː.ɾǽ]

[ʔe.d̪ɒː.ɹé]

مدیریت

(the process or act of) managing, administering; management, administration

office (a building or room where clerical or professional duties are performed)

اداره امور عمومی

اداره کردن

administration (of public affairs) (the act of administering the services rendered or duties assumed)

bureau, agency, administration (an official body that administers)

directorate (an agency headed by a director, usually a subdivision of a major government department)

office (a major administrative division, notably in certain governmental administrations)


تپه

From a Turkic source, such as Azerbaijani təpə, Uzbek tepa, Ottoman Turkish تپه (tepe). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tepe.

به پیری بسی دیدم آوردگاه
بسی بر زمین پست کردم سپاه
تپه شد بسی دیو در جنگ من
ندیدم بدان سو که بودم شکن

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “Tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

In my old age, many battles have I seen;
Many armies on the earth have I put to rout.
The demons became a hill [of corpses] in my war,
I have not seen myself likewise defeated.

ba pīrī basē dīdam awardgāh
basē bar zamīn pušt kardam sipāh
tapa šud dēw dar jang-i man
na-dīdam bad-ān sō ki būdam šikan


کلبه

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kulübe

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: کلبہ (kulba)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kurbag). Akin to Old Armenian կրպակ (krpak), Arabic كُرْبَق (kurbaq), قُرْبَق (qurbaq), كُرْبَج (kurbaj), Iranian borrowings. Cognate with Old English hwealf (“arched or vaulted covering”).


تنگ

Via Chagatai from Chinese 桶 (MC thuwngX|duwngX, “tub, keg”)


تنگ

Via Chagatai from Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “equal; sort, type, etc.”), or specifically 戥 (“small steelyard for weighing money and similar items”).

ltc-l

a bundle on one half of a beast of burden, package, ass-load

a wooden instrument with iron teeth used in separating rice from the chaff


آفت

head

آفت • (âfat)

fa-noun

آفت • (âfat)


تولید

head

تُولید • (towlid) (plural تُولیدات (towlidât))

تُولید (canonical)
towlid (romanization)
تُولیدات (plural)

تولید ناخالص داخلی

تولید ناخالص ملی

به این ترتیب، مجموع تولید سال ۹۹ به یکهزار و ۴۱ کیلوگرم طلا رسید

2021 May 6, “تولید طلای زرشوران چهار رقمی شد”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

Therefore, the [gold mine's] aggregate production in the year [13]99 [2020—2021 AD] reached 1,041 kilograms of gold

be in tartib, majmu'-e towlid-e sâl-e 99 be yek-hezâr o 41 kilowgeram-e talâ rasid


بال

→ Khalaj: bâl

From Middle Persian b’lk’ (bālag, “wing”).


لغو

لغو • (lağv)

fa-noun

لغو • (lağv)


پیر

→ Azerbaijani: pir

→ Bengali: পীর (pīr)

→ English: pir

→ Saraiki: پیر (pīr)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠤꠞ (fir)

→ Urdu: پیر (pīr)

From Middle Persian 𐬞𐬌𐬭 (pyl /pīr/, “old, aged, ancient”), from Proto-Iranian *paru- (“ash-gray, pale gray, hoary”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás (“gray”); compare Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa, “spotted, rough”) and English pale.


بارانی

head

بارانی • (bârâni)

fa-noun

بارانی • (bârâni)

[bɒːɾɒːˈniː]

[bɒːɾuːˈniː]

From باران + ـی.


مکعب

head

مکعب • (moka'ab) (plural مکعبها (moka'ab-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic مُكَعَّب (mukaʕʕab).


قفسه

head

قَفَسِه • (qafase) (plural قفسهها (qafase-hâ))

قَفَسِه (canonical)
qafase (romanization)
قفسهها (plural)

قَفَسِهٔ کِتاب


وزیر

وَزیر • (vazir) (plural وزرا (vozarâ) or وزیران (vazirân))

وَزیر (canonical)
vazir (romanization)
وزرا (plural)
وزیران (plural)

Dari: وزیر (wazīr)

Iranian Persian: وزیر (vazir)

Tajik: вазир (vazir)

desc

vəzir//вәзир

→ Azerbaijani: vəzir／вәзир

→ Bengali: উজির (uzir)

→ Chagatai: وزیر

→ Uyghur: ۋەزىر (wezir), вәзир (wezir)

→ Uzbek: vazir／вазир

→ Gujarati: વજીર (vajīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वज़ीर (vazīr), विज़ीर (vizīr)

Urdu: وَزیر (vazīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: وزیر (vezir) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: وزیر


غمگینی

head

غمگینی • (ğamgini)

fa-noun

غمگینی • (ğamgini)

From غمگین + ـی.


رده

der

Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to arrange, count”)


آخوندک

head

آخوندک • (âxundak)

fa-noun

آخوندک • (âxundak)

From آخوند (âxund, “mullah, cleric”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).


اسفنج

head

اسفنج • (esfanj) (plural اسفنجها (esfanj-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इस्फ़ंज (isfañj)

Urdu: اسفنج (isfanj)

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْفَنْج (ʔisfanj), from Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos).


معده

Borrowed from Arabic مِعْدة (miʕda), alternative vocalisation of commoner مَعِدة (maʕida).


بادبادک

head

بادبادک • (bâdbâdak)

fa-noun

بادبادک • (bâdbâdak)


کمال

head

کمال • (kamâl)

fa-noun

کمال • (kamâl)

[kʰä.mɔ́ːl̥]

[kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːl̥]


سایه

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: سايە (saye)

Uzbek: soya

→ Kazakh: сая (saä)

→ Gujarati: સાયો (sāyo), સાયા (sāyā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साया (sāyā)

Urdu: سایہ (sāya)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سایه (saye)

Turkish: saye

→ Pashto: سايه (sāyá)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਇਆ (sāiā)

Shahmukhi script: سایَہ (sāyah)

→ Sanglechi: سایه (sā̊yɛ)

desc

→ Proto-Shughni-Roshani: [Term?] (“shadow; temple”)

Sarikoli: suyo

Shughni: sōyā

→ Wakhi: سویہ (soyá, “temple”)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: سايو

Devanagari script: सायो

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (sʾdk'), 𐫘𐫀𐫏𐫃 (sʾyg /sāyag/), from Old Persian *θāyakā, from Proto-Iranian *caHyā́kaH.

inh

سلطان سایهٔ خدای است

c. 1230, Fakhr-i Mudabbir, آداب الحرب و الشجاعه [Ceremonials of War and Valor]:

سایهٔ طوبی و دلجوییِ حور و لبِ حوض
 به هوایِ سرِ کویِ تو برفت از یادم

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 317”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

The shade of the Ṭūbā, the caress of the houri, the banks of the Kawthar:
A breeze from your alleyway, and I forgot them all.

sâya-yi tûbâ wu diljûyi-yi hûr o lab-i hawz
ba hawâ-yi sar-i kôy-i tô biraft az yâd-am


فهرست

head

فهرست • (fehrest) (plural فهرستها (fehrest-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: فِهْرِس (fihris), فِهْرِسْت (fihrist)

→ Azerbaijani: föhrüst

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़िहरिस्त (fihrist)

Urdu: فہرست (fihrist)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فهرست (fihrist)

Turkish: fihrist

→ Punjabi: فِہْرِسْت (fihrist)

→ Pashto: فهرست (fihrist)

→ Sindhi: فِهْرَسْتَ (fihrista)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭤𐭥𐭮𐭲 (pahrist). Cognate with Northern Kurdish pêrist, pêherist.


گفتگو

head

گفتگو • (goftogu, goftegu, goft-gu) (plural گفتگوها (goftogu-hâ, goftegu-hâ))

goftogu (romanization)
goftegu (romanization)
goft-gu (romanization)
گفتگوها (plural)


تصادف

تَصادُف • (tasâdof) (plural تَصادُفات (tasâdofât))

تَصادُف (canonical)
tasâdof (romanization)
تَصادُفات (plural)

[t̪ʰä.sɑː.d̪ʊ́f]

[t̪ʰä.sɑː.d̪ʊ́f]

[t̪ʰä.sɑː.d̪ʊ́f]

Borrowed from Arabic تَصَادُف (taṣāduf).

تصادفِ خودرو

شاهد تصادف بودم.


توپ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तोप (top)

Urdu: توپ (top)


توپ

Probably cognate with Persian توه (tuh, “layer”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twp /*tōf/, “layer”).


مس

→ Azerbaijani: mis

→ Chagatai: مس (mis)

Uyghur: مىس (mis)

Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: мис (mis)

Latin script: mis

→ Kazakh: мыс (mys)

→ Khalaj: mis

→ Ottoman Turkish: مس (mıs)

→ Turkmen: mis

Related to Ancient Greek μίσυ (mísu), a copper-containing mineral in medical writers. Also compares to Avar месед (mesed), Akhvakh мишиди (mišidi), Godoberi мисиди, Botlikh мисиди (misidi), Andi мисиди (misidi), Khvarshi маседи (masedi), Karata месед, мисид, Hunzib месед (mesed), Hinukh месед (mesed), Bagvalal месер (meser), Chamalal мисуд (misud), Tindi мисейи, Bezhta месед (mesed), Tsez месед (mesed), Rutul мисед, Lak муси (musi), Dargwa муси (musi) etc. all meaning “gold”, with a fossilized suffix.

cog

Tindi мисейи


نرد

→ Azerbaijani: nərd

→ Arabic: نَرْد (nard)

desctree

→ Georgian: ნარდი (nardi)
→ Armenian: նարդի (nardi)
→ Russian: нарды (nardy)
→ Latvian: nardi
→ Lithuanian: nardai
→ Mongolian: нарды (nardy)

→ Kazakh: нарт (nart)

→ Middle Armenian: նարտ (nart)

Armenian: նարտ (nart)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرد (nerd)

Turkish: nerd

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਰਦ (narad)

Shahmukhi script: نرد (nard)

→ Slovak: nardy

→ Tatar: нәрәтә (närätä)

→ Urdu: نرد (nard)

From earlier نردشیر (nardašir), from Middle Persian nywʾlthšyl (nēw-ardaxšīr, “backgammon”).


آهنگ

head

آهنگ • (âhang) (plural آهنگها (âhang-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: ahəng

→ Georgian: ჰანგი (hangi)

→ Gujarati: આહંગ (āhaṅg)

→ Kazakh: ән (än)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آهنك (ahenk)
Turkish: ahenk
→ Armenian: ահէնկ (ahēnk)

→ Urdu: آہنگ (āhang)

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾʾhng (āhang, “pull, draught; melody”), derived from آهیختن (âhixtan, “to pull, draw out”).


آهنگ

Deverbal noun of آهیختن (âhixtan, “to draw out, to pull”).


دهقان

head

دهقان • (dehqân)

fa-noun

دهقان • (dehqân)

desc

→ Chagatai: دِهْقَان

→ Chagatai: دِهْقَان

Uyghur: دېھقان (dëhqan)

Uzbek: dehqon

→ Gujarati: દિહકાન (dihkān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दिहक़ान (dihqān), दहक़ान (dahqān)

Urdu: دِہْقَان (dihqān), دَہْقان (dahqān)

→ Kazakh: диқан (diqan)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਹਕ਼ਾਨ (dihqān), ਦਹਕ਼ਾਨ (dahqān), ਦਹਿਕ਼ਾਨ (dahiqān)

Shahmukhi script: دِہْقَان (dihqān), دَہْقان (dahqān), دَہِقان (dahiqān)

→ Turkmen: daýhan

[d̪eɦ.ɢɒ́ːn]

The form from Arabic دِهْقَان (dihqān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (dhywkʾn' /dahigān/, “countryman, farmer”), also found as دهگان (dehgân) and دهخان (dehxân). By surface analysis, ده (deh, “village”) + ـگان (-gân, “pertaining to, -er”). Akin to Old Armenian դեհկան-ութիւն (dehkan-utʻiwn), Classical Syriac ܕܗܩܢܐ (dahqānā).

cog

դեհկանութիւն

դեհկան-ութիւն

دهقان سالخورده چه خوش گفت با پسر
کای نور چشم من! بهجز از کشته ندروی

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 486”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

How well the aged peasant spoke to his son:
"O light of my eyes! You reap nothing but what was planted."

dihqān-i sāl-xwarda či xwaš guft bā pisar
k-ay nūr-i čašm-i man! ba joz az kišta na-dirawī

به هر صورت درست است که مشخصّات دقیق یک زلزله را باید از زلزلهسنج دانشگاه پرسید، امّا پیش از این که زلزلهسنج، چیزی ضبط کند اسب دهقان، اگرچه نانجیب هم باشد، گریخته است و سر به بیابان امن گذاشته[…]

1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غربزدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:

It is true in any case that the university seismograph must be consulted for the exact details of an earthquake, but before the seismograph has recorded a thing, the peasant's horse, though not at all a noble animal, will already have fled and set off for the safe wilderness […]

be har surat dorost ast ke mošaxxasât-e daqiq-e yek zelzele râ bâyad az zelzele-sanj-e dânešgâh porsid, ammâ piš az in ke zelzele-sanj, čizi zabt konad asb-e dehqân, agarče nânajib ham bâšad, gorixte ast va sar be biyâbân-e amn gozâšte […]

نه بازارگان ماند ایدر نه شاه
نه دهقان نه لشکر نه تخت و کلاه

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Bahrām Gōr”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

No merchant remained there, nor a king,
No lord nor army nor throne and crown.

na bāzārgān mānd andar na šāh
na dihqān na laškar na taxt u kulāh

(historical) dihqan (local aristocrat in late Sasanian and early Islamic Iran)

نه دهقان نه ترک و نه تازی بود
سخنها به کردار بازی بود

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Yazdgird”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

They will be neither Persian nor Turk nor Arab,
Their words will be in the manner of a joke.

na dihqān na turk u na tāzī buwad
suxan-hā ba kirdār-i bāzī buwad

(obsolete, by extension from "Persian aristocrat") Persian, Iranian (as opposed to Arabs and Turks)


قلع

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy).


عراقی

head

عراقی • ('erâqi)

fa-noun

عراقی • ('erâqi)

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔe.ɹɒː.ʁiː]


رفتار

head

رفتار • (raftâr) (plural رفتارها (raftâr-hâ))

raftâr (romanization)
رفتارها (plural)
رفتار (singular)
raftâr (singular)
رفتارها (plural)
raftâr-hấ (plural)
رفتارا (colloquial plural)
raftârấ (plural)
رفتار را (definite direct-object singular)
raftâr râ (definite direct-object singular)
رفتار رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
raftâro (definite direct-object singular)
رفتارها را (definite direct-object plural)
raftâr-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
رفتارا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
raftârấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
رفتار (ezafe singular)
raftâr-e (ezafe singular)
رفتارهای (ezafe plural)
raftâr-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
رفتارای (colloquial ezafe plural)
raftârấ-ye (ezafe plural)
رفتاری (definite relative singular)
رفتاری (indefinite singular stressed)
raftâr-i (definite relative singular)
raftâr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
رفتارهایی (definite plural relative)
رفتارهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
raftârấn-i, raftâr-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
raftârấn-i, raftâr-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
رفتارایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
رفتارایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
raftârấi (definite plural relative)
raftârấi (indefinite plural stressed)

[räf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[räf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[räf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[räf.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[ɹæf.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[ɾäf.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

From رفت (raft, past stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

رفت
<pos:past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)>


فعالیت

head

فَعالِیَّت • (fa'âliyyat)

fa-noun

فَعالِیَّت • (fa'âliyyat)

فَعالِیَّت (canonical)
fa'âliyyat (romanization)

From فعال (fa'âl, “active”) + ـیت (-iyyat)..


نیرو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nērōg /nylwk’, nyrwg/), from Proto-Iranian *naryawa-ka- (“valor, strength”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ (“man”).

inh

روحی صفت خاطرنشان کرد: میانجیگری پاکستان بین نیروهای طالبان موقتی است؛ زیرا برخی از آنها مخالف دخالت پاکستان در امور افغانستان هستند و به نظر میرسد در آیندهای نزدیک شاهد انشعاب در طالبان باشیم[…]

2021 October 6, “میانجیگری پاکستان بین نیروهای طالبان موقتی است”, in imna.ir, Iran Metropolis News Agency:

Rowhi Sefat noted that Pakistan's mediation between Taliban forces is temporary, given that some of the [latter] are opposed to Pakistani intervention in Afghanistan's affairs, and it appears that we will witness a schism in the Taliban in the near future […]

rowhi sefat xâternešân kard: miyânji-gari-ye pâkestân beyn-e niru-hâ-ye tâlebân movaqqati ast; zirâ barxi az ânhâ moxâlef-e dexâlat-e pâkestân dar omur-e afğânestân hastand va be nazar mi-resad dar âyande-ye nazdik šâhed-e enše'âb dar tâlebân bâšim […]


تصمیم

head

تَصمیم • (tasmim) (plural تَصمیمات (tasmimât) or تَصمیمها (tasmim-hâ))

تَصمیم (canonical)
tasmim (romanization)
تَصمیمات (plural)
تَصمیمها (plural)

اگرچه نیت خوبیست زیستن اما
خوشا که دست به تصمیم دیگری بزنیم

1980s, Qeysar Aminpour, translated by Ali-Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, in "'The Houses of the Tulips': Persian Poetry on the Fallen in the Iran–Iraq War (International Journal of Persian Literature, 2016), غزل تصمیم [Poem of Decision]:

Although there’s virtue in wanting to live
how pleasing it would be, to decide on something better.

agarče niyyat-e xubi-st zistan ammâ
xošâ ke dast be tasmim-e digar-i be-zanim


نوم

اگه یه روزی نوم تو تو گوش من صدا کنه دوباره باز غمت بیاد

1977, Faramarz Aslani (lyrics and music), “اگه یه روز [If One Day]”, in Ageh Ye Rooz:

If dreams of you ring in my ear one day, I’ll be sad for you once again

age ye ruzi nowm-e to tu guš-e man sedâ kone dobâre bâz ğam-et biyâd


هدف

جان مرا غمت هدف حادثات کرد
تا عشق سوی من نظر التفات کرد

early 11th century, Asjadī, Poetic fragment attributed to Asjadī:

Love-grief for you has made my soul the target of calamities,
Until love casts a look of affection towards my side.

jān-i ma-rā ğam-at hadaf-i hādisāt kard
tā išq sōy-i man nazar-i iltifāt kard


ران

→ Bengali: রান (ran)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रान (rān)

Urdu: ران (rān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (lʾn' /rān/, “thigh”), from Proto-Iranian *hrā́nah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *srā́nas, from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn-s.

inh+

ستبرست بازوت چون ران شیر
برو یال چون اژدهای دلیر

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Your upper arm is stout like the lion's thigh,
Your chest and mane like a valiant dragon.

sitabr ast bāzū-t čūn rān-e šēr
bar u yāl čūn aždahā-yi dalēr


وزارت

head

وِزارَت • (vezârat)

fa-noun

وِزارَت • (vezârat)

وِزارَت (canonical)
vezârat (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: विज़ारत (vizārat), वज़ारत (vazārat)

Urdu: وِزارَت (vizārat)

Pashto: وزارت (wezārat)

Borrowed from Arabic وِزَارَة (wizāra), وَزَارَة (wazāra).

وزارت دفاع

وزارت امور خارجه ایران


گام

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *gā́ma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéh₂-mn̥ ~ *gʷh₂-mén-s, from *gʷeh₂- (“to step”). Cognate with Baluchi گام, Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (gāman), Northern Kurdish gav, Ancient Greek βῆμα (bêma), Sanskrit प्रगामन् (pragāman).


معنی

head

مَعنی • (ma'ni) (plural مَعانی (ma'âni) or مَعنیها (ma'ni-hâ))

مَعنی (canonical)
ma'ni (romanization)
مَعانی (plural)
مَعنیها (plural)

به زبان اردو، این کلمه به معنی « بزرگ/کلان » است.

be zabân-e ordu, in kalame be ma'ni-ye "bozorg" ast.

هم صفیر مرغ آموزند خلق، کین سخن کار دهان افتاد و حلق، لیک از معنی مرغان بیخبر.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 1441—1442:

Likewise, people learn the note of birds, for this speech [of birds] is an affair of the mouth and throat; but [all are] ignorant of the birds' meaning.

ham safīr-i murğ āmōzand xalq, k-īn suxan kār-i dahān uftād u halq, lēk az ma'nī-i murğān bē-xabar.

صورتش کرمست و معنی اژدها.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 1873:

Its form is a worm, but its reality is a dragon.


نعش

نعش • (na'š)

fa-noun

نعش • (na'š)

Borrowed from Arabic نَعْش (naʕš). If that is of Iranian origin, doublet of لاش (lâš).

[…] و من نعش آن بزرگوار را بر سرِ دار، همچون پرچمی میدانم که به علامت استیلای غربزدگی پس از دویست سال کشمکش، بر بام سرای مملکت افراشته شد.

[…] and I consider the body of that great man on the gallows to have been like a flag which signaled the triumph of Occidentosis, raised over the roof of the country's house after two hundred years of struggle.

[…] va man na'š-e ân bozorgvâr râ bar sar-e dâr, ham-čun parčami mi-dânam ke be alâmat-e estelâ-ye ğarb-zadegi pas az devist sâl-e kešmakeš, bar bâm-e sarâ-ye mamlekat afrâšte šod.


موضع

head

موضع • (mowze') (plural مواضع (mavâze'))

نه به یک شغل ستودهست و به یک موضع
که به هر کار ستودهست و به هر معدن

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 169”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

You are not praised for a single thing, nor in a single place,
For you are praised for everything, and in every quarry.

na ba yak kār sutūda-st u ba yak mawzi'
ki ba har kār sutūda-st u ba har ma'dan

از زمان آغاز جنگ غزه نیز، در حاشیه حملات گسترده اسرائیل به فلسطینیها و درگیریهای پراکنده و بیرمق این کشور با حزبالله لبنان، حملات به مواضع ایران و اعضای سپاه در سوریه نیز ادامه داشته است.

2024 April 2, “حمله به کنسولگری ایران در سوریه؛ اسرائیل به دنبال چیست؟”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

Since the beginning of the war in Gaza as well, on the sidelines of Israel's widespread attacks against Palestinians and its scattered and low-intensity clashes with Hezbollah, attacks on Iranian positions and IRGC members in Syria have also continued.

az zamân-e âğâz-e jang-e ğazze niz, dar hâšiye-ye hamalât-e gostarde-ye esrâ'il be felestini-hâ va dargiri-hâ-ye parâkande va bi-ramaq-e in kešvar bâ hezbollâh-e lobnân, hamalât be mavâze'-e irân va a'zâ-ye sepâh dar suriye niz edâme dâšte ast.

موضع شما در این باره چیست؟

جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر موضع اصولی خود در حمایت از صلح، ثبات و امنیت در بوسنی و هرزگوین و منطقه بالکان که ذیل آن میتوان همزیستی مسالمتآمیز همه مردم کشور و آن منطقه را بدون توجه به قومیت و مذهبشان حفظ و تقویت کرد، تاکید دارد.

2024 May 26, “اعلام مواضع ایران درباره بوسنی و هرزگوین در سازمان ملل”, in donya-e-eqtesad.com, Donya-e-Eqtesad:

The Islamic Republic of Iran emphasizes its principled position of supporting peace, stability, and security in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Balkan region, under which peaceful coexistence for all people in the country and the region can be maintained and strengthened regardless of ethnicity or religion.

jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân bar mowze'-e osuli-ye xod dar hemâyat as solh, sabât va amniyat dar bosni va herzegovin va mantaqe-ye bâlkân ke zeyl-e ân mi-tavân hamzisti-ye mosâlemat-âmiz-e hame-ye mardom-e kešvar va ân mantaqe râ bedun-e tavajjoh be qowmiyat va mazhab-ešân hefz va taqvitar kard, ta'kid dârad.


مبارز

مُبارِز • (mobârez)

fa-noun

مُبارِز • (mobârez)

مُبارِز (canonical)
mobârez (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुबारिज़ (mubāriz)

Urdu: مبارز (mubāriz)

Borrowed from Arabic مُبَارِز (mubāriz).

و همچنین در وقت حرب که وقت التقاء مردان باشد و صبحه هبارزان و شیهه اسبان و آواز طبل برآید و جنگ سخت شود و مردم اقتحام کنند و سیوف متحرک گردد، و اگر کسی اندک مایه خاطر صافی دارد، اگرچه صاحب ریاضت نباشد، ازین حال خبر یابد[…]

c. 1180, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston, Jr., رساله صفیر سیمرغ [Relation on the Simorgh’s cry]:

Again, in war, which is a time when men clash, warriors shout, horses neigh, drums are beat, and battle reaches a pitch, with the headlong rushing of men and brandishing of swords, if one’s mind is slightly clear, even though one may not be ascetically disciplined, one will experience something of this state […]

u hamčunîn dar waqt-i harb ki waqtu-t-taqâ'-i mardân bâšad o sayha-yi mubârizân u šayha-yi asbân u âwâz-i tabl bar-âyad u jang saxt šawad u mardum iqtihâm kunand u suyûf mutaharrik gardad, u agar kasê andak mâya-yi xâtir-i sâfî dârad, agarči sâhib-i riyâzât na-bâšad, az în hâl xabar yâbad […]

fighter; warrior; champion; martial hero


شرع

head

شرع • (šar')

fa-noun

شرع • (šar')


دعا

head

دعا • (do'â)

fa-noun

دعا • (do'â)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَعَا (daʕā)
Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ)bor.
Persian دُعَاBorrowed from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ).

etymon

دُعَا


رضا

head

رضا • (rezâ)

fa-noun

رضا • (rezâ)

→ Punjabi: ਰਜ਼ਾ (razā), رضا (rażā)

→ Gujarati: રજા (rajā)

→ Marathi: रजा (rajā)

→ Kannada: ರಜೆ (raje)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रज़ा (razā)

Urdu: رضا (rażā)
→ Ushojo: رضا (rażā)


لبنانی

head

لبنانی • (lobnâni)

fa-noun

لبنانی • (lobnâni)


طرح

طَرح (canonical)
tarh (romanization)
طَرحها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तरह (tarah)

Urdu: طَرح (t̤araḥ)

طرح سازمان ملل برای تقسیم فلسطین

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

tarh-e sâzmân-e melal barâ-ye taqsim-e felestin


جامعه‌شناسی

head

جامعهشناسی • (jâme'e-šenâsi)

fa-noun

جامعهشناسی • (jâme'e-šenâsi)

جامعهشناسی (canonical)
jâme'e-šenâsi (romanization)

fa:جامعه‌شناسی


آیت‌الله

head

آیَتُٱلله • (âyato-llâh) (plural آیتاللهها (âyato-llâh-hâ))

آیَتُٱلله (canonical)
âyato-llâh (romanization)
آیتاللهها (plural)

Dari: آیَتُاللّٰه (āyatu-l-lāh)

desc

Iranian Persian: آیَتُاللّٰه (âyato-l-lâh)

→ Dutch: ayatollah

→ English: ayatollah

→ Hindi: अयतोल्लाह (aytollāh)

→ French: ayatollah

→ Italian: ayatollah

→ Romanian: ayatollah

Tajik: оятуллоҳ (oyatulloh)

→ Bengali: আয়াতুল্লাহ (aẏatullah)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आयतुल्लाह (āytullāh)

Urdu: آیَتُ ٱللہ (āyatu llāh)

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ː]

[ʔɒː.jæ.t̪ʰol.lɒ́ːʰ]

Borrowed from Arabic آيَة اللّٰه (āyat allāh), the "-to"/-tu" coming from the nominative form آيَةُ اللهِ (ʔāyatu llāhi) or آيَةُ الله (ʔāyatu llāh).


جامعه‌شناس

head

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

fa-noun

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

جامعهشناس (canonical)
jâme'e-šenâs (romanization)

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]


جامعه

head

جامِعِه • (jâme'e) (plural جوامع (javâme') or جامعهها (jâme'e-hâ))

جامِعِه (canonical)
jâme'e (romanization)
جوامع (plural)
جامعهها (plural)

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔǽ]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔǽ]

Borrowed from Arabic جَامِعَة (jāmiʕa, “assembler”). For the semantic extension, compare Arabic مُجْتَمَع (mujtamaʕ, “an assembly or the place thereof; a community; a society”).

noncog

.جَوامِعِ غَربی دَر سَراشیبیِ فُرود و اِنحِطاط اَخلاقی قرار گِرِفتِه اَند.

The Western societies are on the downhill of moral deterioration.

javâme'-e ğarbi dar sarâšibi-ye forud va enhetât-e axlâqi qarâr gerefte-and.

جامعهٔ محلی

جامعهٔ نویسندگان ایران تا همیشه وامدار ایشان باز خواهد ماند.

The community of writers of Iran will forever stay in his debt.

jâme'e-ye nevisandegân-e irân tâ hamiše vâm-dâr-e išân bâz xâhad mând.


زندگی‌نامه

head

زندگینامه • (zendegi-nâme) (plural زندگینامهها (zendegi-nâme-hâ))

زندگینامه (canonical)
zendegi-nâme (romanization)
زندگینامهها (plural)

From زندگی (zendegi, “life”) + نامه (nâme, “book (of)”).

compound

fa:زندگی‌نامه


قتل

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਤਲ (katal)

Shahmukhi script: قتل (qatal)

به قتل رسیدن


کابل

head

کابل • (kâbl)

fa-noun

کابل • (kâbl)


شغل

head

شُغل • (šoğl) (plural شُغلها (šoğl-hâ) or اَشغال (ašğâl))

شُغل (canonical)
šoğl (romanization)
شُغلها (plural)
اَشغال (plural)

→ Bashkir: шөғөл (şöğöl)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: شغل (śuġl)

→ Pashto: شغل (šᶕǧwəl)

شغل شما چیست؟ (more literary)

شغلتون چیه؟ (more colloquial)

تشنه را خود شغل چه بود در جهان، گرد پای حوض گشتن جاودان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 752:

What, indeed, is the thirsty man's business in the world? To circle for ever round the base of the [water] tank.

tešne-râ xod šoğl če bovad dar jahân, gerd-e pây-e howz gaštan jâvedân.


سمینار

سمینار • (seminâr)

fa-noun

سمینار • (seminâr)


الکترون

head

الکترون • (elektron or elekteron) (plural الکترونها (elektron-hâ))

elektron (romanization)
elekteron (romanization)
الکترونها (plural)

Borrowed from French électron, from English electron.


کوارک

کوارک • (kuârk) (plural کوارکها (kuârk-hâ))


فوتون

فوتون • (foton) (plural فوتونها (foton-hâ))


نوترون

نوترون • (nutron) (plural نوترونها (nutron-hâ))


آلاله

آلاله • (âlâle) (plural آلالهها (âlâle-hâ))

[ʔɑː.lɑː.lǽ]

[ʔɑː.lɑː.lǽ]

[ʔɑː.lɑː.lǽ]

[ʔɔː.lɔː.lǽ]

[ʔɒː.lɒː.lé]


آغاز

آغاز • (âğâz) (plural آغازها (âğâz-hâ))

fa-noun

آغاز • (âğâz) (plural آغازها (âğâz-hâ))

→ Bengali: আগাজ (agaz)

→ Gujarati: આગાઝ (āgājh), આઘાઝ (āghājh)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: आग़ाज़ (āġāz)

Hindi: आग़ाज़ (āġāz)

Urdu: آغاز (āġāz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਗਾਜ਼ (āgāz)

Shahmukhi script: آغاز (āġāz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آغاز (agaz, ağaz)

From Sogdian [script needed] (ʾʾγʾz /āγāz/), from Proto-Iranian *ā- (“ad-”) + *gaHz- (“to run, start”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed- (“at”) + *g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ģʰ- (“to wade”). Cognate with Sanskrit गाह् (gāh, “to dive into, wade”), Slovene gáziti (“to wade”).

cog

شکر دانستیم آغاز ترا
انبیا گفتند آن راز ترا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 2319:

Thanks [to God], we have come to know thy beginning: the prophets have told that secret of thine.

šukr dānistēm āğāz-i turā
anbiyā guftand ān rāz-i turā

آغاز داستان بهدینان فارس که از ولایت ایران به هندوستان آمدهاند

1599, Bahman Kaikobad, قصه سنجان [Qissa-i Sanjan]:

The beginning of the story of the People of Good Faith [Zoroastrians] of Fars, who came to Hindustan from the land of Iran

âğâz-e dâstân-e behdinân-e fârs ke az velâyat-e irân be hendustân âmade-and


لک‌لک

head

لکلک • (lak-lak) (plural لکلکها (lak-lak-hâ))

لکلک (canonical)
lak-lak (romanization)
لکلکها (plural)

→ Chagatai: لکلک (laklak)

Uyghur:

Arabic script: لەگلەك (leglek)

Cyrillic script: ләгләк (leglek)

Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: лайлак (laylak)

Latin script: laylak

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लकलक (laklak)

Urdu: لَکْلَک (laklak)

→ Karachay-Balkar: лелек (lelek)

→ Karaim: leklek

→ Karakalpak: láylek

desc

→ Kazakh: ләйлек (läilek), ләйлік (läilık) (proscribed)

→ Russian: леклек (leklek), леглек (leglek) (Orenburg 18th century)

→ Kyrgyz: леклек (leklek), легилек (legilek), илегилек (ilegilek)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: leylək

Ottoman Turkish: لكلك (leklek, leylek), لیلك (leylek)

Turkish: leylek

→ Armenian: լագլագ (laglag), լակլակ (laklak), լայլակ (laylak), լեյլեկ (leylek)

→ Avar: лакълакъ (laqxʼlaqxʼ)

→ Bulgarian: ле́лек (lélek), леляк (leljak), лейлек (lejlek) (archaic, regional)

→ Church Slavonic: лили́къ (lilíkŭ)

→ Crimean Tatar: lejlek

→ Greek: λελέκι (leléki), λέλεκας (lélekas)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (archaic, regional)

Cyrillic script: ле́лек, лѐјлек

Latin script: lélek, lèjlek

→ Ukrainian: леле́ка (leléka)

→ Pashto: لکلک (laklák), لګلګ (laglág)

→ Tatar: ләкләк (läkläk)

→ Turkmen:

Cyrillic script: леглек

Latin script: leglek

Probably ultimately from Semitic. Compare Akkadian 𒀀𒊩𒄷 (laqlaqqu, “stork”), Arabic لَقْلَق (laqlaq, “stork”), Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܠܲܩܠܵܩܵܐ (laqlāqā, “stork”).


قورباغه

head

قورباغه • (qurbâğe) (plural قورباغهها (qurbâğe-hâ))

qurbâğe (romanization)
قورباغهها (plural)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish kurbağa (“frog”), Azerbaijani qurbağa (“frog”), Uzbek qurbaqa (“frog”).
Largely displaced Iranian terms for "frog" such as وک (vak), inherited from Middle Persian, and غوک (ğuk) and چغز (čağz), both from Sogdian.


درجه

درجه • (daraje or dareje) (plural درجهها (daraje-hâ) or درجات (darajât))

daraje (romanization)
dareje (romanization)
درجهها (plural)
درجات (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: dərəcə

→ Bashkir: дәрәжә (dərəjə)

→ Gujarati: દરજો (darjo)

→ Hindi: दर्जा (darjā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درجه

→ Turkish: derece

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

(geometry) degree (a unit of measurement of angle equal to 1/360 of a circle's circumference)

(mathematics) degree (the sum of the exponents of a term; the order of a polynomial)

(physics, of temperature) degree (a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius)


آهنگر

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[ʔɔ.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (’synkl /āhangar/). By surface analysis, آهن (âhan, “iron”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).


دی

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) mother, mama


دی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter d in English and other European languages.


اسفند

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفند

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spand), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwantaH (“holy”) (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 (spəṇta, “holy”), because the plant is used in fumigation against evil eye. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen-. Cognate to Pashto "Spelani", the same thing.


نیا

From Middle Persian nydʾk' (niyāg, “grandfather; ancestor”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian nyʾg (niyāg).


آذر

head

آذر • (âzar)

fa-noun

آذر • (âzar)

From Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭥𐭠 (NWRA /ādur/), from Proto-Iranian *ātr̥-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁-tr-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar). Doublet of آتش.


روان

head

روان • (ravân) (plural روانها (ravân-hâ))

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lwbʾn /ruwān/), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (rwʾn /ruwān/, “soul”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫀𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʾrwʾn /arwān/, “soul”), Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀𐬥- (urvan-, “soul; immortal part of a human being or an animal”), Pashto: اروا, and perhaps Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “shape, form”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Iranian *urw-āna- (literally “what has created a wide room for itself”); compare Sanskrit उरु (uru, “space, wide scope, liberty”). Old Armenian ուրու (uru, “ghost”) is probably an Iranian loanword.


بستر

بَسْتَر (canonical)
بِسْتَر (canonical)
bastar (romanization)
bestar (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बिस्तर (bistar)

Urdu: بِسْتَر (bistar)

Ottoman Turkish: بستر (bister)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: بستر (bistar)

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਸਤਰ (bistar)

Urdu: بستر (bistar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wstl /wistar/, “bedding”), from Proto-Iranian *Habí (“to, for”) + *starH- (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, for”) + Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”).


جرم

head

جُرْم • (jorm)

fa-noun

جُرْم • (jorm)


جرم

head

جِرْم • (jerm)

fa-noun

جِرْم • (jerm)


حیات

head

حیات • (hayât)

fa-noun

حیات • (hayât)


نفت

naft (romanization)
نفتها (plural)
نفت (singular)
naft (singular)
نفتها (plural)
naft-hấ (plural)
نفتا (colloquial plural)
naftấ (plural)
نفت را (definite direct-object singular)
naft râ (definite direct-object singular)
نفت رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nafto (definite direct-object singular)
نفتها را (definite direct-object plural)
naft-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نفتا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
naftấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نفت (ezafe singular)
naft-e (ezafe singular)
نفتهای (ezafe plural)
naft-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتای (colloquial ezafe plural)
naftấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتی (definite relative singular)
نفتی (indefinite singular stressed)
naft-i (definite relative singular)
naft-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نفتهایی (definite plural relative)
نفتهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نفتایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
naftấi (definite plural relative)
naftấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتم (first-person possessive singular)
naftam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهایم (first-person possessive singular)
naft-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهام، نفتام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
naftấm (first-person possessive singular)
نفتت (possessive second-person singular)
naftat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftet (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهایت (possessive second-person singular)
naft-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهات، نفتات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftất (possessive second-person singular)
نفتش (possessive singular third-person)
naftaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nafteš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهایش (possessive singular third-person)
naft-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهاش، نفتاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
naftấš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتمان (first-person plural possessive)
naftemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftemun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
naft-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهامون، نفتامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتتان (plural possessive second-person)
naftetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftetun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
naft-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهاتون، نفتاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتشان (plural possessive third-person)
naftešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftešun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
naft-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهاشون، نفتاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتم (first-person predicative singular)
naftam (first-person predicative singular)
نفتیم (first-person plural predicative)
naftim (first-person plural predicative)
نفتی (predicative second-person singular)
nafti (predicative second-person singular)
نفتید (plural predicative second-person)
naftid (plural predicative second-person)
نفتین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
naftin (plural predicative second-person)
نفت است (predicative singular third-person)
naft ast (predicative singular third-person)
نفته (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nafte (predicative singular third-person)
نفتند (plural predicative third-person)
naftand (plural predicative third-person)
نفتن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
naftan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: նավթ (navtʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: neft

→ Gujarati: નફત (naphat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نفت (neft), նէֆթ (neft) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: neft
→ Greek: νέφτι (néfti)
→ Russian: нефть (neftʹ)
→ Ingrian: nefti
→ Kildin Sami: неффьт (njeff’t)
→ Komi-Zyrian: нефть (ńefť)
→ Kyrgyz: нефть (neft)
→ Tatar: нефть (neft’)

→ Turkmen: nebit

→ Uyghur: نېفىت (nëfit)

→ Urdu: نفت

→ Uzbek: neft

→ Yiddish: נאַפֿט (naft)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npt' /naft/, “moist, damp; naphtha”), from Old Persian *naftah (“naphtha”).

inh

نفتانداز

(obsolete) a flammable mix used in war such as Greek fire


جام

→ Arabic: جام (jām, “cup, bowl, plate”)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: جام (jām), جامة (jāma, “motorvehicle window”)

→ Iraqi Arabic: جام (jām)

→ Bengali: জাম (jam)

→ Gujarati: જામ (jām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जाम (jām)

Urdu: جام (jâm)

→ Pashto: جام (jâm)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جام (cam)
Turkish: cam
→ Albanian: xham
→ Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
→ Aromanian: agiame, giame
→ Bulgarian: джам (džam)
→ Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
→ Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
→ Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
→ Macedonian: џам (džam)
→ Romanian: geam
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џа̏м
Latin script: džȁm

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ǰām, “glass”). Related to Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬨𐬀 (yama, “glass”).


جنگ سرد

head

جنگ سرد • (jang-e sard) (plural جنگهای سرد (jang-hâ-ye sard))

jang-e sard (romanization)
جنگهای سرد (plural)

[ˈdʒæŋɡe ˈsærd]


مفتی

مُفْتی • (mofti)

fa-noun

مُفْتی • (mofti)

منعم مکن ز عشق وی ای مفتی زمان
معذور دارمت که تو او را ندیدهای

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 424”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Do not prohibit me from loving him/her, o mufti of the age!
Grant me pardon, since you have not seen him/her.

man'-am ma-kon zi išq-i way ay muftī-yi zamān
ma'zūr dār-am-at ki tu ō rā na-dīda'ī


اقیانوس

head

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

fa-noun

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

اُقْیانوس (canonical)
oqyânus (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔuqyānūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós). First attested in the Iqbāl-nāma, circa 1195, but as a foreign یونانی (yunâni, “Ancient Greek”) word for "deep sea," and uncommon until the 1800s. The widespread modern use is influenced by European languages, perhaps initially via Ottoman Turkish اقیانوس (okyanus).

bor+

أُوقْيَانُوس


بیمارستان

head

بیمارِسْتان • (bimârestân) (plural بیمارستانها (bimârestân-hâ))

بیمارِسْتان (canonical)
bimârestân (romanization)
بیمارستانها (plural)
بیمارستان (singular)
bimârestân (singular)
بیمارستانها (plural)
bimârestân-hấ (plural)
بیمارستانا (colloquial plural)
bimârestânấ (plural)
بیمارستان را (definite direct-object singular)
bimârestân râ (definite direct-object singular)
بیمارستان رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bimârestâno (definite direct-object singular)
بیمارستانها را (definite direct-object plural)
bimârestân-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بیمارستانا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bimârestânấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بیمارستان (ezafe singular)
bimârestân-e (ezafe singular)
بیمارستانهای (ezafe plural)
bimârestân-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بیمارستانای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bimârestânấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بیمارستانی (definite relative singular)
بیمارستانی (indefinite singular stressed)
bimârestân-i (definite relative singular)
bimârestân-i (indefinite singular stressed)
بیمارستانهایی (definite plural relative)
بیمارستانهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bimârestânấn-i, bimârestân-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
bimârestânấn-i, bimârestân-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
بیمارستانایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بیمارستانایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bimârestânấi (definite plural relative)
bimârestânấi (indefinite plural stressed)
بیمارستانم (first-person possessive singular)
bimârestânam (first-person possessive singular)
بیمارستانهایم (first-person possessive singular)
bimârestân-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
بیمارستانهام، بیمارستانام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
bimârestânấm (first-person possessive singular)
بیمارستانت (possessive second-person singular)
bimârestânat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bimârestânet (possessive second-person singular)
بیمارستانهایت (possessive second-person singular)
bimârestân-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
بیمارستانهات، بیمارستانات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bimârestânất (possessive second-person singular)
بیمارستانش (possessive singular third-person)
bimârestânaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bimârestâneš (possessive singular third-person)
بیمارستانهایش (possessive singular third-person)
bimârestân-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
بیمارستانهاش، بیمارستاناش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bimârestânấš (possessive singular third-person)
بیمارستانمان (first-person plural possessive)
bimârestânemân (first-person plural possessive)
بیمارستانمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bimârestânemun (first-person plural possessive)
بیمارستانهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
bimârestân-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
بیمارستانهامون، بیمارستانامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bimârestânấmun (first-person plural possessive)
بیمارستانتان (plural possessive second-person)
bimârestânetân (plural possessive second-person)
بیمارستانتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bimârestânetun (plural possessive second-person)
بیمارستانهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
bimârestân-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
بیمارستانهاتون، بیمارستاناتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bimârestânấtun (plural possessive second-person)
بیمارستانشان (plural possessive third-person)
bimârestânešân (plural possessive third-person)
بیمارستانشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bimârestânešun (plural possessive third-person)
بیمارستانهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
bimârestân-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
بیمارستانهاشون، بیمارستاناشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bimârestânấšun (plural possessive third-person)
بیمارستانم (first-person predicative singular)
bimârestânam (first-person predicative singular)
بیمارستانیم (first-person plural predicative)
bimârestânim (first-person plural predicative)
بیمارستانی (predicative second-person singular)
bimârestâni (predicative second-person singular)
بیمارستانید (plural predicative second-person)
bimârestânid (plural predicative second-person)
بیمارستانین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
bimârestânin (plural predicative second-person)
بیمارستان است (predicative singular third-person)
bimârestân ast (predicative singular third-person)
بیمارستانه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
bimârestâne (predicative singular third-person)
بیمارستانند (plural predicative third-person)
bimârestânand (plural predicative third-person)
بیمارستانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
bimârestânan (plural predicative third-person)

→ English: bimaristan

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیمارستان (bîmâristân)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭩𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭭 (wēmārestān, “hospital”). بیمار (bimâr, “sick, ill”) + ـستان (estân, “place of”).


تیمارستان

head

تیمارستان • (timârestân)

fa-noun

تیمارستان • (timârestân)

[t̪ʰiː.mɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[t̪ʰiː.mɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[t̪ʰiː.mɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

From تیمار + ـستان.

af

تیمار + ـستان


گدازه

head

گدازه • (godâze) (plural گدازهها (godâze-hâ))


آیش

آیش • (âyeš)

fa-noun

آیش • (âyeš)


کوهستان

head

کوهستان • (kuhestân) (plural کوهستانها (kuhestân-hâ))

kuhestân (romanization)
کوهستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કોહિસ્તાન (kohistān)

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਹਸਤਾਨ (kohastān)

[kʰoː.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[kʰoː.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From کوه (kuh, “mountain”) + ـستان (estân, “-stan, area”).


شبستان

head

شبستان • (šabestân)

fa-noun

شبستان • (šabestân)

From شب + ـستان.

bedroom (of kings and others who reside at their palace)

an area of the mosque which is used at night, typically by Dervishes and Sufis, who also spend the night there


فرهنگستان

head

فرهنگستان • (farhangestân) (plural فرهنگستانها (farhangestân-hâ))

farhangestân (romanization)
فرهنگستانها (plural)

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[fä.ɾäŋ.ɡɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[fä.ɾäŋ.ɡis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[fæɹ.hæɲ.ɡʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

20th-century learned borrowing from Middle Persian plʾhngstʾn' (frahangestān, “school”). By surface analysis, فرهنگ (farhang, “culture, knowledge, education”) + ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

surf

فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی

Academy of Persian Language and Literature

fa:فرهنگستان


دهستان

[d̪e̞.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪e̞.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɪɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]


آتش‌فشان

head

آتشفشان • (âtaš-fešân) (plural آتشفشانها (âtaš-fešân-hâ))

آتشفشان (canonical)
âtaš-fešân (romanization)
آتشفشانها (plural)

[ɒːˌtʰæʃfeˈʃɒːn]

Fa-آتش فشان.ogg

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + فشان (fešân, present stem of فشاندن (fešândan, “to scatter, to disperse”)).

af

فشان
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فشاندن</i> (fešândan, “to scatter, to disperse”)>


استخر

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔis.t̪ʰäχɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Stakhr, “strong(hold)”). According to Ernst Herzfeld, who based his conclusion on numismatic evidence, the Middle Persian word derives from Old Persian [script needed] (Pārsa-staxra, “"stronghold of Pars"”). The semantic change in New Persian is most probably due to the well known water reservoirs, dams and other irrigation apparatus built in the city of Istakhr by the Buyid prince 'Adud al-Dawla.


ابلیس

head

اِبْلیس • (eblis)

fa-noun

اِبْلیس • (eblis)

اِبْلیس (canonical)
eblis (romanization)


عربستان

head

عَرَبِسْتان • ('arabestân)

fa-noun

عَرَبِسْتان • ('arabestân)

عَرَبِسْتان (canonical)
'arabestân (romanization)

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From عَرَب ('arab, “Arab”) + ـِستان (-estân).

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

the Arabian Peninsula; Arabia (A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (The region within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

(historical) Arabistan (a historical region of southwestern Iran)


زورخانه

head

زورخانه • (zurxâne)

fa-noun

زورخانه • (zurxâne)

zurkhaneh; a traditional Iranian gymnasium where a combination of martial arts, calisthenics, gymnastics, strength training, and music is practiced by men


میخانه

head

میخانه • (meyxâne) (plural میخانهها (meyxâne-hâ))

meyxâne (romanization)
میخانهها (plural)

Tajik: майхона (mayxona)

→ Azerbaijani: meyxana

→ Hindi: मैख़ाना (maixānā)

→ Northern Kurdish: meyxane

→ Pashto: ميخانه (mayxāná)

→ Turkmen: meýhana

→ Urdu: میخانہ (maixānā)

→ Uzbek: mayxona

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میخانه (meyhane)
Turkish: meyhane
→ Armenian: մեխանա (mexana), մեյխանա (meyxana), միհանա (mihana)
→ Bulgarian: механа́ (mehaná)
→ Macedonian: меана (meana)
→ Romanian: mihamea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: меха̀на
Latin script: mehàna


امامت

head

امامت • (emâmat)

fa-noun

امامت • (emâmat)

Borrowed from Arabic إِمَامة (ʔimāma), from إِمَام (ʔimām) + ـَة (-a).


امت

head

امت • (ommat) (plural امتها (ommat-hâ) or امتان (ommatân) or امم (omam))

ommat (romanization)
امتها (plural)
امتان (plural)
امم (plural)

ای شه بامتان خود اجر عظیم بخش
وانگه شراب عشق بجان سلیم بخش

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 70:

O king [the prophet Muhammad], bestow great recompense to your ummah,
And then bestow the wine of love to the peaceable soul.

ay šah ba-ummatān-i xwad ajr-i azīm baxš
w-āngah šarāb-i išq ba-jān-i salīm baxš


سوختگی

سوختگی • (suxtegi) (plural سوختگیها (suxtegi-hâ))

suxtegi (romanization)
سوختگیها (plural)


یخچال

یَخْچال • (yaxčâl) (plural یخچالها (yaxčâl-hâ))

یَخْچال (canonical)
yaxčâl (romanization)
یخچالها (plural)

[jäx.t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

[jæx.t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

[jäχ.t͡ʃʰɔl]

From یخ (yax, “ice”) + چال (čâl, “basement, dungeon, area”).


یتیم‌خانه

head

یَتیمخانِه • (yatim-xâne) (plural یتیمخانهها (yatim-xâne-hâ))

یَتیمخانِه (canonical)
yatim-xâne (romanization)
یتیمخانهها (plural)

From یَتیم (yatim) + خانِه (xâne), literally “orphan house”.


لالایی

head

لالایی • (lâlâyi) (plural لالاییها (lâlâyi-hâ))

By surface analysis, لالا (lâlâ, “used to hush a baby to sleep”) + ـی (-i, “noun-deriving suffix”).


خوبانی

head

خوبانی • (xubâni) (plural خوبانیها (xubâni-hâ))


بچه‌ها

بچهها • (bačče-hâ)

بچهها (canonical)
bačče-hâ (romanization)


ستارگان

ستارگان • (setâregân)

ستاره ستاره#Persian