دشمن

head

دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))

دُشْمَن (canonical)
došman (romanization)
دشمنان (plural)
دشمن (singular)
došman (singular)
دشمنها (plural)
došman-hấ (plural)
دشمنا (colloquial plural)
došmanấ (plural)
دشمن را (definite direct-object singular)
došman râ (definite direct-object singular)
دشمن رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
došmano (definite direct-object singular)
دشمنها را (definite direct-object plural)
došman-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
دشمنا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
došmanấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دشمن (ezafe singular)
došman-e (ezafe singular)
دشمنهای (ezafe plural)
došman-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دشمنای (colloquial ezafe plural)
došmanấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دشمنی (definite relative singular)
دشمنی (indefinite singular stressed)
došman-i (definite relative singular)
došman-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دشمنهایی (definite plural relative)
دشمنهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
دشمنایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دشمنایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
došmanấi (definite plural relative)
došmanấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دشمنم (first-person possessive singular)
došmanam (first-person possessive singular)
دشمنهایم (first-person possessive singular)
došman-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
دشمنهام، دشمنام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
došmanấm (first-person possessive singular)
دشمنت (possessive second-person singular)
došmanat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
došmanet (possessive second-person singular)
دشمنهایت (possessive second-person singular)
došman-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
دشمنهات، دشمنات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
došmanất (possessive second-person singular)
دشمنش (possessive singular third-person)
došmanaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
došmaneš (possessive singular third-person)
دشمنهایش (possessive singular third-person)
došman-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
دشمنهاش، دشمناش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
došmanấš (possessive singular third-person)
دشمنمان (first-person plural possessive)
došmanemân (first-person plural possessive)
دشمنمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
došmanemun (first-person plural possessive)
دشمنهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
došman-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
دشمنهامون، دشمنامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
došmanấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دشمنتان (plural possessive second-person)
došmanetân (plural possessive second-person)
دشمنتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
došmanetun (plural possessive second-person)
دشمنهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
došman-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
دشمنهاتون، دشمناتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
došmanấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دشمنشان (plural possessive third-person)
došmanešân (plural possessive third-person)
دشمنشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
došmanešun (plural possessive third-person)
دشمنهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
došman-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
دشمنهاشون، دشمناشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
došmanấšun (plural possessive third-person)
دشمنم (first-person predicative singular)
došmanam (first-person predicative singular)
دشمنیم (first-person plural predicative)
došmanim (first-person plural predicative)
دشمنی (predicative second-person singular)
došmani (predicative second-person singular)
دشمنید (plural predicative second-person)
došmanid (plural predicative second-person)
دشمنین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
došmanin (plural predicative second-person)
دشمن است (predicative singular third-person)
došman ast (predicative singular third-person)
دشمنه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
došmane (predicative singular third-person)
دشمنند (plural predicative third-person)
došmanand (plural predicative third-person)
دشمنن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
došmanan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: դուշման (dušman)

→ Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)

→ Avar: тушман (tušman)

→ Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән

→ Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)

→ Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)

→ Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)

→ Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)

→ Erzya: душман (dušman)

→ Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)

→ Karaim: душман (duşman)

→ Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)

→ Khalaj: duşman

→ Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)

→ Moksha: душман (dušman)

→ Old Tati:

Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)

→ Turkish: düşman

→ Laz: დუშმენი (duşmeni), დუშმანი (duşmani)

→ Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)

→ Macedonian: душман (dušman)

→ Romanian: dușman, dușmancă

→ Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман, dȕšman

→ Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)

→ Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)

→ Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)

→ Romani: duśman

→ Russian: душма́н (dušmán)

→ Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)

→ Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)

→ Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)

→ Tatar: дошман (doşman)

→ Turkmen: душман, duşman

→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)

→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)

→ Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)

→ Urum: душман (duşman)

→ Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)

→ Uzbek: dushman

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah. Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dusmenḗs), Sanskrit दुर्मनस् (durmanas).


حزب

head

حِزْب • (hezb) (plural حزبها (hezb-hâ) or احزاب (ahzâb))

حِزْب (canonical)
hezb (romanization)
حزبها (plural)
احزاب (plural)

حزب اپوزیسیون


بو

bu (romanization)
بوها (plural)
بو (singular)
bú (singular)
بوها (plural)
bu-hấ (plural)
بوا (colloquial plural)
buấ (plural)
بو را (definite direct-object singular)
bú râ (definite direct-object singular)
بو رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bú ro (definite direct-object singular)
بوها را (definite direct-object plural)
bu-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بوا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
buấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بوی (ezafe singular)
bú-ye (ezafe singular)
بوهای (ezafe plural)
bu-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بوای (colloquial ezafe plural)
buấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بویی (definite relative singular)
بویی (indefinite singular stressed)
búi (definite relative singular)
búi (indefinite singular stressed)
بوهایی (definite plural relative)
بوهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bu-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
bu-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
بوایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بوایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
buấ-i (definite plural relative)
buấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Bengali: বু (bu)

→ Urdu: بو (bū)

From Middle Persian [Term?], from Proto-Iranian *bawd- (“to smell”), which is perhaps a semantic specialization of Proto-Iranian *bawd- (“to feel, sense”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, perceive fully”). Akin to Old Armenian բոյր (boyr), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

آی گل ریحون چنین بویی نداره یار گلم

Ah, even the basil flower doesn't smell like this, my dear friend.

ây gol-e reyhun čenin bu-yi nadâre yâr golom


قانون

head

قانون • (qânun) (plural قانونها (qânun-hâ) or قوانین (qavânin))

qânun (romanization)
قانونها (plural)
قوانین (plural)

→ Assamese: কানুন (kanun)

→ Bengali: কানুন (kanun)

→ Gujarati: કાનૂન (kānūn)

→ Hindi: क़ानून (qānūn)

→ Northern Kurdish: qanûn

→ Central Kurdish: قانوون (qanûn)

→ Punjabi: ਕਨੂੰਨ (kanū̃nă)

→ Santali: ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ (kănun)

→ Urdu: قانُون (qānūn)

Borrowed from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn).


دانشمند

دانشمند • (dânešmand) (plural دانشمندان (dânešmandân) or دانشمندها (dânešmand-hâ))

dânešmand (romanization)
دانشمندان (plural)
دانشمندها (plural)

→ Gujarati: દાનિશમંદ (dāniśmand)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਨਸ਼ਮੰਦ (dānśamand)

Shahmukhi script: دانشمند (dānaśmand)

→ Urdu: دانش مند (dāniś-mand)

→ Turkmen: danyşment

→ Azerbaijani: danişmənd

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانشمند (danişmend), տանիշմէնտ (danişmend) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: danişment, danışman
→ Middle Armenian: դանիշման (danišman), դանըշման (danəšman)

From دانش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + ـمند (-mand).

af

زاد دانشمند آثار قلم / زاد صوفی چیست آثار قدم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 160:

The scholar's provision is [consists of] pen-marks [written letters and words]. What is the Súfí's provision? Footmarks.

zâd-e dânešmand âsâr-e qalam / zâd-e sufi či-st âsâr-e qadam


درک

Etymology tree
Arabic دَرْك (dark)bor.
Persian درکBorrowed from Arabic دَرْك (dark).


پیروزی

head

پیروزی • (piruzi) (plural پیروزیها (piruzi-hâ))


سراب

سراب • (sarâb)

fa-noun

سراب • (sarâb)

حافظ چه مینهی دل تو در خیال خوبان
کی تشنه سیر گردد از لمعه سرابی

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 432”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Hāfiz, why do you set your heart on daydreams of beauties?
How shall a thirsty man become sated by the flash of a mirage?

hāfiz či mē-nihī dil-i tu dar xayāl-i xūbān
kay tišna sēr gardad az la'ma-yi sarābē


پیشرفت

head

پیشْرَفْت • (pišraft) (plural پیشرفتها (pišraft-hâ))

پیشْرَفْت (canonical)
pišraft (romanization)
پیشرفتها (plural)


همدم

همدم • (hamdam) (plural همدمان (hamdamân) or همدمها (hamdam-hâ))

hamdam (romanization)
همدمان (plural)
همدمها (plural)

From هم (ham, “same”) + دم (dam, “breath”).

سینه مالامال درد است ای دریغا مرهمی
دل ز تنهایی به جان آمد خدا را همدمی

late 1300s, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “Ghazal 470 (Sīne mālāmāl-e dard ast)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

My heart is brimful with pain; alas, a remedy!
My heart is driven to extremities by loneliness; for God's sake, a companion!

sine mâlâmâl-e dard ast ey deriğâ marham-i
del ze tanhâyi be jân âmad xodâ râ hamdam-i


جاری

→ Khalaj: cârı

co-sister-in-law (the wife of one's husband's brother)


بیرون

From Middle Persian bylwn' (bērōn, “outside”), synchronically analyzable as by-, BRA (bē, “out, but”) + lwn (rōn, “direction, yearning”). The former part can be seen in other New Persian compounds such as بیگانه (bēgāna, “outsider, foreigner”) and بیگار (bēgār, “corvee, forced labour”). The latter component is from Proto-Iranian *raun(a)- (“direction, yearning”), from Proto-Iranian *hraw- (“to stream, flow”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sraw- (“to stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to stream, flow”).

ref

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bērōn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18

der

من روم بیرون شهر

c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3846”, in The Masnavi:


رفیق

head

رفیق • (rafiq) (plural رفیقان (rafiqân) or رفیقها (rafiq-hâ) or رفقاء (rofaqâ'))

rafiq (romanization)
رفیقان (plural)
رفیقها (plural)
رفقاء (plural)
رفیق (singular)
rafiq (singular)
رفیقان (plural)
rafiqấn (plural)
رفیقا (colloquial plural)
rafiqấ (plural)
رفیق را (definite direct-object singular)
rafiq râ (definite direct-object singular)
رفیق رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
rafiqo (definite direct-object singular)
رفیقان را (definite direct-object plural)
rafiqấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
رفیقا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
rafiqấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
رفیق (ezafe singular)
rafiq-e (ezafe singular)
رفیقان (ezafe plural)
rafiqấn-e (ezafe plural)
رفیقای (colloquial ezafe plural)
rafiqấ-ye (ezafe plural)
رفیقی (definite relative singular)
رفیقی (indefinite singular stressed)
rafiq-i (definite relative singular)
rafiq-i (indefinite singular stressed)
رفیقانی (definite plural relative)
رفیقانی (indefinite plural stressed)
rafiqấn-i (definite plural relative)
rafiqấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
رفیقایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
رفیقایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
rafiqấi (definite plural relative)
rafiqấi (indefinite plural stressed)
رفیقم (first-person possessive singular)
rafíqam (first-person possessive singular)
رفیقانم (first-person possessive singular)
rafiqấnam (first-person possessive singular)
رفیقام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
rafiqấm (first-person possessive singular)
رفیقت (possessive second-person singular)
rafíqat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rafíqet (possessive second-person singular)
رفیقانت (possessive second-person singular)
rafiqấnat (possessive second-person singular)
رفیقات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rafiqất (possessive second-person singular)
رفیقش (possessive singular third-person)
rafíqaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rafíqeš (possessive singular third-person)
رفیقانش (possessive singular third-person)
rafiqấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
رفیقاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rafiqấš (possessive singular third-person)
رفیقمان (first-person plural possessive)
rafíqemân (first-person plural possessive)
رفیقمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rafíqemun (first-person plural possessive)
رفیقانمان (first-person plural possessive)
rafiqấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
رفیقامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rafiqấmun (first-person plural possessive)
رفیقتان (plural possessive second-person)
rafíqetân (plural possessive second-person)
رفیقتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rafíqetun (plural possessive second-person)
رفیقانتان (plural possessive second-person)
rafiqấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
رفیقاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rafiqấtun (plural possessive second-person)
رفیقشان (plural possessive third-person)
rafíqešân (plural possessive third-person)
رفیقشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rafíqešun (plural possessive third-person)
رفیقانشان (plural possessive third-person)
rafiqấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
رفیقاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rafiqấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Tajik: рафиқ (rafiq)

→ Gujarati: રફીક (raphīk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रफ़ीक़ (rafīq)

Urdu: رَفِیق (rafīq)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਫ਼ੀਕ਼ (rafīq)

Shahmukhi script: رَفِیق (rafīq)

→ Pashto: رفيق (rafíq)

rafiq (a rank in the order of the assassins, below da'i)

فروردین ۱۳۵۳. چریکهای فدائی خلق. آموزشهایی برای جنگ چریکی در شهر. ص ۱۲.
در واقعه نیروی هوائی سه رفیق ارزنده بخاطر همین عدم تحرک شهید گشتند.
dar vâqe'e-ye niru-ye havâ'i se rafiq-e arzande bexâter-e hamin 'adam-e taharrok šahid gaštand.

In the Air Force incident three valuable comrades were martyred because of this lack of mobility.

comrade (fellow socialist, communist or other very politically leftist person)


زیر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hcdl /azēr/, “underneath”), from Old Persian *hacā-adari, equivalent to 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hacā/, “from”, from Proto-Iranian *háčaH, from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂) + *adari (“under”, from Proto-Iranian *Hadárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰ-ér-o-s, distantly related to English under).
The prepositional usage is a contraction of older در زیرِ (dar zir-e, literally “in the underneath of”) or به زیرِ (be zir-e, literally “at the underneath of”); the full forms are dated in Iran but more common in the eastern lands.

inh

kasra (vowel diacritic placed under the letter)

زاری اندر نی ز گفتار منست
زیر چنگ از نالهٔ زار من است

1177, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “The tale of the nightingale”, in منطقالطیر [The Conference of the Birds]:

The mystery in the flute is from my speech;
The treble of the harp is from my forlorn cries.

rāzē andar nay zi guftār-i man ast
zēr-i čang az nāla-yi zār-i man ast

(music) high-pitched tune; soprano or treble


دهگان

head

دهگان • (dehgân)

fa-noun

دهگان • (dehgân)

[d̪e̞ɦ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[d̪e̞ɦ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[d̪eɦ.ɡɒ́ːn]

Inherited from the Middle Persian form described at دهقان (dehqân).

(Classical Persian, now dialectal, Tajiki) village settlers or urban dwellers in contrast to nomads

(dialectal, Tajiki) Farsiwan (Tajik) people of Afghanistan


بادبان‌ها

head

بادبانها • (bâdbân-hâ)

بادبانها (canonical)
bâdbân-hâ (romanization)

بادبان بادبان#Persian


دائی

دائی • (dâ'i)

fa-noun

دائی • (dâ'i)

دایی دایی#Persian


وزیران

head

وزیران • (vazirân)

وزیر وزیر#Persian


بادبان

بادبان • (bâdbân) (plural بادبانها (bâdbân-hâ))

surf

By surface analysis, باد (bâd, “wind”) + بان (bân, “keeper; roof (which one is it? or is it something else?)”)


ریاضی

head

ریاضی • (riyâzi)

fa-noun

ریاضی • (riyâzi)

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَاضِيّ (riyāḍiyy).

bor+

mathematics, maths (UK), math (North America)


زین

→ Assamese: জিন (zin)

→ Middle Bengali: জীন (jin)

Bengali: জিন (jin)

→ Gujarati: જીન (jīn)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: जीन (jīna)
Hindustani: zīn
Hindi: ज़ीन
Urdu: زِین (zīn)

→ Indonesian: jin

→ Kannada: ಜೀನು (jīnu)

→ Maithili: jīn

Devanagari script: जीन

Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒲𑒢

→ Malayalam: ജീനി (jīni)

→ Marathi: जीन (jīn)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: जीण (jīṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅛𑅑𑅢 (jiṇ)

→ Odia: ଜିନ (jina)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زین (zin)
Turkish: zin

→ Old Punjabi: ਜੀਨੁ (jīnu)
Punjabi: zīn
Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੀਨ
Shahmukhi script: زِین

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: زيِنَ

Devanagari script: ज़ीन

Khudabadi script: 𑋂𑋩𑋢𑋑 (zīna)

→ Tamil: சேணம் (cēṇam)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “saddle”), originally meaning something to make ready or fitted, armament, harness, Old Armenian զէն (zēn).


گذشته

head

گذشته • (gozašte) (plural گذشتهها (gozašte-hâ) or گذشتهگان (gozašte-gân))

gozašte (romanization)
گذشتهها (plural)
گذشتهگان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुज़श्ता (guzaśtā)

Urdu: گزشتہ

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡ̥o.zæʃ.t̪ʰé]

بر نامده و گذشته بنیاد مکن.

c. 1100, Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam:

Build not your foundations on the future and the past.


ازدواج‌ها

ازدواجها • (ezdevâj-hâ)

ازدواجها (canonical)
ezdevâj-hâ (romanization)

ازدواج ازدواج#Persian


گاری

گاری • (gâri)

fa-noun

گاری • (gâri)


دکان

head

دُکان • (dokân)

fa-noun

دُکان • (dokân)

desc

Tajik: дукон (dukon), дӯкон (dükon), дуккон (dukkon)

→ Assamese: দোকান (dükan)

→ Bengali: দোকান (dōkan)

→ Gujarati: દુકાન (dukān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुकान (dukān), दूकान (dūkān)

Urdu: دُکان (dukān), دُوکان (dūkān)

→ Kazakh: дүкен (düken)

→ Kyrgyz: дүкөн (dükön)

→ Malayalam: ദുകാൻ (dukāṉ)

→ Marathi: दुकान (dukān)

→ Punjabi: ਦੁਕਾਨ (dukān)

→ Sindhi: دڪان (dukānu)

→ Tamil: துகான் (tukāṉ)

→ Telugu: దుకాణము (dukāṇamu)

→ Uzbek: doʼkon

→ Ossetian: дукани (dukani)

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑ́ːn]

آیا به دکانِ ایرانی میروی؟
āyā ba dukān-i ērānī mē-rawī )âyâ be dokân-e irâni mi-ravi )
are you going to the Iranian store?


شروع

head

شروع • (šoru')

fa-noun

شروع • (šoru')

هر چیزی یه شروعی داره.


کوچولو

head

کوچولو • (kučulu) (plural کوچولوها (kučulu-hâ))


شورشی

شورشی • (šureši) (plural شورشیان (šurešiân) or شورشیها (šureši-hâ))

šureši (romanization)
شورشیان (plural)
شورشیها (plural)

[ʃoː.ɾɪ.ʃíː]

[ʃoː.ɾɪ.ʃíː]

[ʃoː.ɾɪ.ʃíː]

[ʃuː.ɹe.ʃíː]


مسافر

مسافر • (mosâfer) (plural مسافران (mosâferân) or مسافرین (mosâferin) or مسافرها (mosâfer-hâ))

mosâfer (romanization)
مسافران (plural)
مسافرین (plural)
مسافرها (plural)

→ Bengali: মুসাফির (muśaphir)

→ Gujarati: મુસાફર (musāphar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुसाफ़िर (musāfir)

desctree

Urdu: مسافر (musāfir)
→ Phalura: musaafár
→ Ushojo: مسیافری


انقلابی

head

انقلابی • (enqelâbi) (plural انقلابیون (enqelâbiyun) or انقلابیها (enqelâbi-hâ))

enqelâbi (romanization)
انقلابیون (plural)
انقلابیها (plural)

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

Fa-انقلابی.ogg


ایستگاه

ایسْتْگاه • (istgâh)

fa-noun

ایسْتْگاه • (istgâh)

ایسْتْگاه (canonical)
istgâh (romanization)

desc

→ Urdu: اِیسْتْگاہ (īstgāh)

→ Urdu: اِیسْتْگاہ (īstgāh)

[ʔiːst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔiːst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔiːst̪.ɡɑ́ː]

[ʔist̪.ɡɔ́ː]

[ʔiːst̪.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[ʔist̪.ɡɔ́ʱ]

ایستگاه اتوبوس

ایستگاه فضایی

ایستگاه فضایی بینالمللی

ایستگاه قطار

ایستگاه مترو

underground station, tube station, metro station

ایستگاه رادیویی


استاد

head

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
استادان (plural)
استادها (plural)
اساتید (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
Gulf Arabic: استاذ (istāḏ)
→ Lishana Deni: אסתאדא (ʾəstāḏa)
→ Malay: ustaz
Indonesian: ustaz
→ Swahili: stadi
→ Yakan: ustad

→ Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)

→ Azerbaijani: usta, ustad

→ Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)

→ Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)

→ Chinese:

→ Dungan: вуста (vusta)

→ Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
→ Bats: ოსტატ (osṭaṭ)
→ Mingrelian: ორსანტი (orsanṭi)
→ Svan: უ̂ოსტა̈ტ (ûosṭäṭ)

→ Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उस्ताद (ustād)

Urdu: استاد (ustād)
→ English: ustad

→ Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)

→ Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)

> Turkish: üstad, üstat, usta (inherited)

→ Albanian: usta

→ Middle Armenian: ուսթայ (ustʻay), ուսթա (ustʻa), ուստայ (ustay)

→ Armenian: ուստա (usta)

→ Romanian: usta

→ Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)

→ Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)

→ Uzbek: usta, ustoz

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).

prefix

compare Avestan <i class="Avst mention" lang="ae">𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀</i> (auua)

der

master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)

professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)


چک

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ck' /čak/, “document”).


چک

Compare Mazanderani چکه (čakke, “clap”).


چک

(rare or obsolete) Alternative form of چوک, penis


چک

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ck' /čak/, “document”). Probably influenced to some degree by English or French cheque, itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (š'h /šāh/, “king”).


داستان

head

داسْتان • (dâstân) (plural داستانها (dâstân-hâ))

داسْتان (canonical)
dâstân (romanization)
داستانها (plural)

→ Armenian: դաստան (dastan)

→ Azerbaijani: dastan

→ Bengali: দাস্তান (dastan)

→ Baluchi: دستاں (dastá̃)

→ English: dastan

→ Gujarati: દાસ્તાન (dāstān)

→ Kazakh: дастан (dastan)

→ Kyrgyz: дастан (dastan)

desc

→ Marwari: दासतांन (dāstā̃n), दास्ताँन (dāstā̃n)

→ Middle Hindi: داستاں (dastaṉ)

Hindustani:

Hindi: दास्तान (dāstān), दास्ताँ (dāstā̃), दास्तां (dāstā̃)

Urdu: داسْتان (dāstān), داسْتاں (dāstā̃)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: داستان (dâstân)
Turkish: destan
→ Armenian: տէստան (tēstan)

→ Pashto: داستان (dāstān)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਸਤਾਨ (dāstān), ਦਾਸਤਾਂ (dāstā̃)

Shahmukhi script: داسْتان (dāstān), داسْتاں (dāstāṉ)

→ Tatar: дастан (dastan)

→ Uyghur: داستان (dastan)

Chinese: 達斯坦／达斯坦 (dásītǎn)

→ Zazaki: destan

[d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɔːs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[d̪ɒːs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

[d̪ɒːsˈt̪ʰɒːn]

Probably a clipping of Middle Persian [script needed] (dātistān /d'tst'n'/, “law, process, court case”), from Proto-Iranian *dāt-ya- (“of the law”), from Proto-Iranian *daH- (“to place, put”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place”).

der

آمدیم اندر تمامی داستان / وز وفاداری جمع راستان / کز پس این پیشوا برخاستند / بر مقامش نایبی میخواستند

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 694—695:

We come [now] to complete the tale and [speak] of the loyalty of the multitude of the righteous, who rose up after [the death of] this leader, demanding a vicar in his place.

âmadim andar tamâmi-ye dâstân / v-az vafâdâri-ye jam'-e râstân / k-az pas-e in pišvâ bar-xâstand / bar maqâm-aš nâ'ib-i mi-xâstand


چرنده

Present participle of چریدن (čaridan, “to graze”).


دوکان

head

دوکان • (dukân)

fa-noun

دوکان • (dukân)

دکان دکان#Persian


سل

(music) G, Sol (the fifth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Sol (the fifth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the dominant)


غم

Etymology tree
Arabic غ م م (ḡ m m)
Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm)bor.
Persian غمBorrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm), from غ م م (ḡ m m).


دارچین

head

دارچین • (dârčin)

fa-noun

دارچین • (dârčin)

desctree

دَارْصِينِيّ

→ Arabic: دَارْصِينِيّ (dārṣīniyy), دَار صِينِيّ (dār ṣīniyy), دَارَصِينِيّ الصِين (dāraṣīniyy aṣ-ṣīn), دَارْصِين (dārṣīn), دَارْسِين (dārsīn)
→ Middle Armenian: դարիսեն (darisen), դարիսէն (darisēn), դարիսենի (dariseni), դարսենի (darseni), դարսենիկ (darsenik), դարսենեկ (darsenek)

desc

→ Armenian: դարչին (darčʻin), դարիչին (daričʻin)

darçın//دارچین//дарчын

→ Azerbaijani: darçın／دارچین／дарчын

→ Azerbaijani: darçın／دارچین／дарчын

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (dār-čīnī)

→ Bats: დარიჩი (dariči)

→ Bengali: দারচিনি (darcini)

→ Georgian: დარიჩინი (daričini), დარიჭინი (darič̣ini)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दारचीनी (dārcīnī)

Urdu: دَارْچِینِی (dārcīnī)

Urdu: دَارْچِینِی (dārcīnī)

→ Kazakh: даршын (darşyn)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دارچین (darçin, tarçin)
Turkish: tarçın
→ Albanian: darçin (regional)
→ Bulgarian: дарчи́н (darčín)
→ Macedonian: дарчин (darčin)
→ Serbo-Croatian: darčin / дарчин, tarčin / тарчин (regional)

→ Pashto: دارچيني (dārčiní)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਲ਼ਚੀਨੀ (dāḷcīnī)

Shahmukhi script: دالچینی (dālcīnī)

→ Swahili: dalasini

→ Tatar: дарчин (darçin)

[d̪ɒːɾˈt͡ʃʰin]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dóru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v)der.
Old Chinese 秦 (*zin)der.?
Sanskrit चीन (cīna)der.
Persian دارچین
From Middle Persian *dār-i-čēnīk (literally “Chinese tree”), ultimately a combination of Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v, “tree”) + Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “China”) + -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k, adjectival suffix, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas). Note also from the same source are Jewish Babylonian Aramaic דַּרְצִינִי (darṣīnī, “cinnamon”), Classical Syriac ܕܪܨܝܢܝ (dārṣīnī), ܨܝܢܕܪܓ (ṣīndreḡ, “cinnamon”) and Old Armenian դարիճենիկ (daričenik, “cinnamon”).


زردچوبه

head

زردچوبه • (zardčube)

fa-noun

زردچوبه • (zardčube)

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰʊː.bǽ]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰɵ.bǽ]

From زرد (zard, “yellow”) + چوبه (čube, “shaft, stalk”)


قبض

از قضا سرکنگبین صفرا فزود
روغن بادام خشکی مینمود
از هلیله قبض شد اطلاق رفت
آب آتش را مدد شد همچو نفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 52—53:

By Divine destiny, oxymel increased the bile,
and oil of almonds was producing dryness.
From [giving] myrobalan constipation resulted, relaxation ceased;
And water fed the flames, like naphtha.

az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
rōğan-i bādām xuškī mē-nimūd
az halīla qabz šud itlāq raft
āb ātaš rā madad šud hamčō naft


نمایش

head

نَمایِش • (namâyeš) (plural نمایشها (namâyeš-hâ))

نَمایِش (canonical)
namâyeš (romanization)
نمایشها (plural)

→ Armenian: նմուշ (nmuš)

→ Azerbaijani: nümayiş, nümüş

→ Gujarati: નુમાઈશ (numāīśa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नुमाइश (numāiś)

Urdu: نمائش (numāiś)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: numayîş, nimayîş

→ Georgian: ნიმუში (nimuši)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نمایش (nümayiş)

Turkish: nümayiş

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੁਮਾਇਸ਼ (numāiśa)

Shahmukhi script: نمائش (numāiś)

→ Uyghur: نامايىش (namayish)

→ Uzbek: namoyish

From نما (namâ, “to show”, verbal root) + ـش (-eš, noun-deriving suffix).

نمایش دادن

to give a performance, to exhibit, to represent


ادویه

head

ادویه • (adviye) (plural ادویهجات (adviye-jât) or ادویهها (adviye-hâ))

adviye (romanization)
ادویهجات (plural)
ادویهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic أَدْوِيَة (ʔadwiya).


رسانه‌های گروهی

head

رسانههای گروهی

fa-noun

رسانههای گروهی

رسانههای گروهی (canonical)
rasâne-hâ-ye goruhi (romanization)


تخم مرغ

[t̪ʰʊx.mɪ mʊɾɣ]

[t̪ʰʊx.mɪ mʊɾɣ]

[t̪ʰʊx.mɪ mʊɾɣ]


نیازها

head

نیازها • (niyâz-hâ)

نیاز نیاز#Persian


سانتریفوژ

سانتریفوژ • (sântrifuž)

fa-noun

سانتریفوژ • (sântrifuž)

سانتریفیوژ سانتریفیوژ#Persian


عکاسی

From عکاس, from Arabic عكاس; + Persian suffix ی.


گروهی

[ɡʊ.ɾoː.ɦeː]

[ɡʊ.ɾoː.ɦeː]

From Classical Persian گروه (gurōh) + ـی (ē, “indefinite suffix”).

کلمه «کفیل» به معنی یک شخص یا گروهی که موقتاً کاری را به عهده میگیرند

2021 October 6, “The Wilson English-Dari Dictionary”, in Webonary (dictionary), retrieved 2023-07-31:

the word "kafil" means a person or group who temporarily take responsibility for some work

kalama "kafīl" ba ma'nī yak šaxs yā gurōhē ki muwaqatan kārē rā ba uhda mē-gīrand


دبیرستان

From Middle Persian dpyrstʾn' (dibīrestān, “school”), equivalent to دبیر (debir) + ستان (estân).

inh

(historical, original meaning) school for chancery secretaries


دبستان

head

دَبِسْتان • (dabestân)

fa-noun

دَبِسْتان • (dabestân)

دَبِسْتان (canonical)
dabestân (romanization)


سلطنت

Bengali: সালতানাত (saltanat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सल्तनत (saltanat)

Urdu: سَلْطَنَت (saltanat)

Borrowed from Arabic سَلْطَنَة (salṭana).


دان

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾn' /dān/), from Proto-Iranian *daHnáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰaHnáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂.


خشونت

→ Gujarati: ખુશૂનત (khuśūnat)


گناه

head

گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان (gonâhân) or گناهها (gonâh-hâ))

gonâh (romanization)
گناهان (plural)
گناهها (plural)

→ Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)

→ Uzbek: gunoh

→ Arabic: جُنَاح (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)

→ Persian: جناح (jonâh) (rare)

→ Azerbaijani: günəh, günah

→ Armenian:

Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)

→ Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)

→ Dungan: гўнахар (gwnahar)

→ Kazakh: күнә (künä)

→ Kurdish:

desc

Central Kurdish: گوناح (gunaḧ), گوناھ (gunah)

Northern Kurdish: gune, guneh, guna, gunah

→ Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گناه (günah), جناه (cünah), կիւնահ (günah) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: günah
→ Albanian: gjynah
→ Armenian: (Constantinople) գո̈ւնահ (günah), (Van) գո̈ւնախ (günax)
→? Hungarian: bűn
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ђу̀на̄х
Latin script: đùnāh

→ Punjabi: ਗੁਨਾਹ (gunāh)

→ Rohingya: guná

→ Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)

→ Turkmen: günä / гүнә

→ Urdu: گناہ (gunāh)

→ Uyghur: گۇنا (guna), گۇناھ (gunah)

→ Zazaki: guna

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /wināh/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍 (wynʾh /wināh/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gināsk), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).

der

11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqihttps://web.archive.org/web/20150328224423/http://www.iust.ac.ir/find.php?item=10.1654.1059.fa
امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدی
amir goft: "pas az hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."

Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."


مرغ

head

مرغ • (morğ) (plural مرغها (morğ-hâ) or مرغان (morğân))

morğ (romanization)
مرغها (plural)
مرغان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: mürğ

→ Bengali: মোরগ (mōrog)

→ Chagatai: مرغ

Uzbek: murgʻ

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرغ (mürg)

Turkish: murg

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਰਗ (murag)

Shahmukhi script: مرغ (murġ)

From Middle Iranian *murγ (“bird”) from Proto-Iranian *mr̥gáh (“bird”). Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (mwlw' /murw/), Parthian [Manichaean needed] (mwrg /murγ/), Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀 (mər^əγa), Pashto مرغه (mërğë), Ossetian маргъ (marǧ), Baluchi مرگ (murg), Old Armenian սիրամարգ (siramarg) and լորամարգ (loramarg).

cog

(synecdochically) chicken (regardless of sex)

کاتب آن وحی ز آن آواز مرغ
برده ظنی کاو بود همباز مرغ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3412:

The writer of the Revelation, from (hearing) the Bird's voice,
supposed that he was the Bird's equal

kâtib-i-ân wahî za ân âvâz-i-murğ
burda zanni kô buwad hambâz-i-murg


خشونت خانگی

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

fa:خشونت خانگی


بوته

→ Khalaj: bûta


بوته

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پوته (pota, puta, pute), پوطه (pota, puta), پوتا (pota, puta)
Turkish: pota

From Middle Persian *bōdag. Compare Classical Syriac ܒܘܕܩܐ (būdqā, “crucible”), Middle Armenian բութակ (butʻak), and possibly via Semitic from Old Iranian also Ancient Greek βοῦτ(τ)ις (boût(t)is), βυτίνη (butínē), πυτίνη (putínē).


پرواز

head

پرواز • (parvâz)

fa-noun

پرواز • (parvâz)

→ Chagatai: پَرْوَاز (parwāz)

Uyghur: پەرۋاز (perwaz)

Uzbek: parvoz

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: परवाज़ (parvāz), परवाज (parvāj) — nuqtaless

Urdu: پَرْوَاز (parvāz)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پَرْوَاز
Turkish: pervaz

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਵਾਜ਼ (parvāz), (nuqtaless) ਪਰਵਾਜ (parvāj)

Shahmukhi script: پَرْوَاز (parvāz)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plwʾc /parwāz/), from Proto-Iranian *para- + *waj- (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́ʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-). Compare Central Kurdish دەرباز (derbaz, “flight, escape; pass”).

cog

پروازِ هواپیما

پروازِ دوستم


غذاها

head

غذاها • (ğazâ-hâ)


خواهش

خواهش • (xâheš)

fa-noun

خواهش • (xâheš)

→ Azerbaijani: xahiş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़्वाहिश (xvāhiś)

desc

Urdu: خواہِش (xāhiś), خْواہِش (xvāhiś)

Urdu: خواہِش (xāhiś), خْواہِش (xvāhiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਾਹਿਸ਼ (xāhiś), ਖਾਹਸ਼ (khāhaś), ਖ਼ਾਹਸ਼ (xāhaś)


داداش

head

داداش • (dâdâš) (plural داداشها (dâdâš-hâ))

[d̪ɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[d̪ɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[d̪ɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[d̪ɔː.d̪ɔ́ːʃ]

[d̪ɒː.d̪ɒ́ːʃ]

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani qardaş, Turkish dadaş (eastern dialectal), Turkish kardeş, Gagauz kardaş.

(very informal, in the vocative) dude, bro. Used to address a young male friend


شلغم

شلغم • (šalğam) (plural شلغمها (šalğam-hâ))

šalğam (romanization)
شلغمها (plural)
شلغم (singular)
šalğam (singular)
شلغمها (plural)
šalğam-hấ (plural)
شلغما (colloquial plural)
šalğamấ (plural)
شلغم را (definite direct-object singular)
šalğam râ (definite direct-object singular)
شلغم رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
šalğamo (definite direct-object singular)
شلغمها را (definite direct-object plural)
šalğam-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
شلغما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
šalğamấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
شلغم (ezafe singular)
šalğam-e (ezafe singular)
شلغمهای (ezafe plural)
šalğam-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شلغمای (colloquial ezafe plural)
šalğamấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شلغمی (definite relative singular)
شلغمی (indefinite singular stressed)
šalğam-i (definite relative singular)
šalğam-i (indefinite singular stressed)
شلغمهایی (definite plural relative)
شلغمهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
šalğamấn-i, šalğam-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
šalğamấn-i, šalğam-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
شلغمایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
شلغمایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
šalğamấi (definite plural relative)
šalğamấi (indefinite plural stressed)
شلغمم (first-person possessive singular)
šalğamam (first-person possessive singular)
شلغمهایم (first-person possessive singular)
šalğam-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
شلغمهام، شلغمام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
šalğamấm (first-person possessive singular)
شلغمت (possessive second-person singular)
šalğamat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šalğamet (possessive second-person singular)
شلغمهایت (possessive second-person singular)
šalğam-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
شلغمهات، شلغمات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šalğamất (possessive second-person singular)
شلغمش (possessive singular third-person)
šalğamaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šalğameš (possessive singular third-person)
شلغمهایش (possessive singular third-person)
šalğam-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
شلغمهاش، شلغماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šalğamấš (possessive singular third-person)
شلغممان (first-person plural possessive)
šalğamemân (first-person plural possessive)
شلغممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šalğamemun (first-person plural possessive)
شلغمهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
šalğam-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
شلغمهامون، شلغمامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šalğamấmun (first-person plural possessive)
شلغمتان (plural possessive second-person)
šalğametân (plural possessive second-person)
شلغمتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šalğametun (plural possessive second-person)
شلغمهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
šalğam-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
شلغمهاتون، شلغماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šalğamấtun (plural possessive second-person)
شلغمشان (plural possessive third-person)
šalğamešân (plural possessive third-person)
شلغمشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šalğamešun (plural possessive third-person)
شلغمهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
šalğam-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
شلغمهاشون، شلغماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šalğamấšun (plural possessive third-person)

desctree

→ Arabic: شَلْجَم (šaljam), سَلْجَم (saljam), شَلْغَم (šalḡam), ثَلْجَم (ṯaljam)
→ Galician: acelga
→ Gujarati: શલજમ (śaljam)
→ Middle Armenian: շալճամ (šalčam), սալճամ (salčam)
→ Portuguese: acelga
→ Spanish: acelga
→ Ottoman Turkish: شلجم (şelcem)

→ Azerbaijani: şalğam

→ Assamese: চালগোম (salogüm)

→ Bashkir: шалҡан (şalqan)

→ Bengali: শালগম (śalogom)

desc

→ Gujarati: સલગમ (salgam), શલગમ (śalgam)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: शलगम (śalgam)

→ Urdu: شلغم (šalğam)

→ Kazakh: шалғам (şalğam), шалқан (şalqan)

→ Middle Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)

Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)

→ Northern Kurdish: şêlim

→ Ottoman Turkish: شلغم (şelgam, şalgam)

Turkish: şalgam, şalğam

→ Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਲਗਮ (śalgam)

→ Turkmen: şalgam

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /šalgam/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”). Cognate with Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam), Classical Syriac ܫܠܓܡܐ (šalgəmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שלגמא (šalgəmā), Georgian თალგამი (talgami), ܣܠܩܐ (silqā, selqā), Aramaic סילקא, Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/silqu/), Arabic سِلْق (silq), Arabic شَلْجَم (šaljam), Russian свёкла (svjókla), and Ancient Greek σεῦκλον (seûklon).


کتابدار

head

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

fa-noun

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰi.t̪ʰɔːb.d̪ɔːɾ]

[kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒːb.d̪ɒːɹ]

A compound of کتاب (ketâb) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


زنبور

head

زنبور • (zanbur) (plural زنبورها (zanbur-hâ))

→ Middle Armenian: զամբուռ (zambuṙ)

Borrowed from Arabic زَنْبُور (zanbūr). An alternative pronunciation of Modern Standard Arabic زُنْبُور (zunbūr).

کندوی زنبور

زنبور دنبال گل است.

به روستا رفت و زنبور پرورش داد.

He went to the countryside and raised bees.

زانک کرمنا شد آدم ز اختیار، یم زنبور عسل شد نیم مار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3291:

Because We have honoured Man by [the gift of] free-will: half [of him] is honeybee, half is snake.

z-ân ke karramnâ šod âdam z-extiyâr, nim zanbur-e 'asal šod, nim mâr.

زین پیشتر حلاوت شهد اینقدر نبود، زنبور دانم آن لب شیرین مزیده است

c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz, دیوان [Divān]:

Never before has honey tasted so sweet [as the sweetness of seeing my love]. The bee, I know, has stung that sweet lip.

z-in pištar halâvat-e šahd in-qadr na-bud, zanbur dânam ân lab-e širin gazide ast.


پرسش

پُرْسِش • (porseš)

fa-noun

پُرْسِش • (porseš)

پُرْسِش (canonical)
porseš (romanization)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/pursišn/), equivalent to پُرْس (pors-, present stem of پُرْسیدَن (porsidan, “to ask”)) + ـش (-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پُرْسیدَن</i> (porsidan, “to ask”)

پُرْسِش و پاسُخ


نرگس‌ها

نرگسها (canonical)
narges-hâ (romanization)

نرگس نرگس#Persian


پایتخت

head

پایْتَخْت • (pâytaxt) (plural پایتختها (pâytaxt-hâ))

پایْتَخْت (canonical)
pâytaxt (romanization)
پایتختها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: paytaxt

→ Bashkir: пайтәхет (paytəxet)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پایتخت (pâyitaht)
→ Crimean Tatar: paytaht
Turkish: payitaht
→ Armenian: փայիթախտ (pʻayitʻaxt)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: پایتەخت (paytext)

Northern Kurdish: paytext

→ Turkmen: paýtagt

→ Uyghur: پايتەخت (paytext)

→ Uzbek: poytaxt

[pʰɔj.t̪ʰǽχt̪]

From پای (pây, “foot”) + تخت (taxt, “throne”). Eclipsed Arabic derivative دارالسَلطَنه (dar-os-saltane) and دارالخِلافه (dâr-ol-xelâfe).

usex

نمونه از عمارتهای پایتخت جمهوریت رنجبران تاجیکستان ― nemune az emârat-hâ-ye pâytaxt-e jomhuriyyat-e ranjbarân-e tâjikestân ― An example of the buildings in the capital of the Tajik SSR

تهران پایتخت ایران است. (more literary)

تهرون پایتخت ایرونه. (more colloquial)


کاروان

head

کارْوان or کاروان or کاروان • (kârvân or kârevân or kâravân) (plural کاروانها (kârvân-hâ))

کارْوان (canonical)
کاروان (canonical)
kârvân (romanization)
kârevân (romanization)
kâravân (romanization)
کاروانها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: قَيْرَوَان (qayrawān)
→ Persian: قیروان (qeyravân)

→ Bashkir: каруан (karwan)

desc

→ Bengali: কারওয়ান (karōẇan), কারোয়ান (karōẇan), কারোয়াঁ (karōẇã), কারওয়াঁ (karōẇã), কাওরান (kaōran), কাওরন (kaōron), কারওন (karōn) — Vanga

→ Chagatai: کاروان

Uyghur: كارۋان (karwan)

Uzbek: karvon

→ Gujarati: કારવાં (kārvā̃)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कारवाँ (kārvā̃)

Urdu: کاروان (kārvān)

→ Kazakh: керуен (keruen)

→ Middle Armenian: քարւան (kʻarwan)

→ Middle Georgian: ქარავანი (karavani)

Georgian: ქარავანი (karavani)

→ Medieval Latin: caravana

→ Italian: carovana, caravana

→ Middle High German: karabane

German: Karawane (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: caravana

→ Spanish: caravana (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: caravana

→ Occitan: caravana

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كاروان (karvan)

Azerbaijani: karvan / کاروان

Ottoman Turkish: كروان (kervan), كاروان (kârvân), كاربان (kârbân) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: carvane, carevane

Middle French: caravane

French: caravane

→ English: caravan (see there for further descendants)

→ Dutch: karavaan

→ Danish: karavane

→ Swedish: karavan (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: carvane

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਰਵਾਂ (kārvā̃)

Shahmukhi script: کاروان (kārvān)

→ Russian: караван (karavan)

→ Turkmen: kerwen

[kɑːɾ.ˈwɑːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.wɑ́ːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.wɑ́ːn]

[kʰɑːɾ.wɑ́ːn]

[kʰɔːɾ.wɔ́ːn]

[kʰɒːɹ.vɒ́ːn]

[kʰɒː.ɹæ.vɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian kʾlwʾn' (kārawān, “caravan; military column”). See descendants there.


اژدر

head

اژدر • (aždar) (plural اَژادُر or اَژْدَرْها)

aždar (romanization)
اَژادُر (plural)
اَژْدَرْها (plural)

Khowar: اژدار (aždár, “dragon”)

Urdu: اَژْدَر (aždár, “dragon”)

اژدها اژدها#Persian

Alternative form of اژدها (aždahâ, “dragon”)


جهانگرد

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒɑːɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒɔːɔːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒːɲ.ɡʲǽɹd̪̥]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɔŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

From جهان (jahān, “world”) + گرد (gard, present stem of گشتن (gaštan, “to turn, to walk around, to tour”)).

af

گرد
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گشتن</i> (gaštan, “to turn, to walk around, to tour”)>

(obsolete, original sense) traveler of the world; great voyager


آفرین

head

آفرین • (âfarin)

fa-noun

آفرین • (âfarin)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭯𐭥𐭩𐭭 (āfrīn, “praise, blessing”), from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *fraiH- (“to rejoice, atone, please”). The former prefix is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”), and the latter component is from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to please; to love”).


شرکت

head

شِرْکَت • (šerkat) (plural شرکتها (šerkat-hâ))

شِرْکَت (canonical)
šerkat (romanization)
شرکتها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şirkət

→ Crimean Tatar: şirket

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şirket

→ Pashto: شرکت (šerkát)

→ Uyghur: شىركەت (shirket)

→ Urdu: شِرْکَت (śirkat)

→ Uzbek: shirkat

→ Tatar: ширкәт (şirkät)

[ʃeɹ.kʰʲǽt̪]

شرکت دولتی

شرکت بزرگ بین المللی

او در جنگ شرکت داشت.

در امتحان شرکت کردم.


تمیز

discernment; discrimination between things


نرگس

نرگس • (narges) (plural نرگسها (narges-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: nərgiz

→ Bashkir: нәркәс (nərkəs)

→ Bengali: নার্গিস (nargis)

desctree

→ Chagatai: نرگس
Uyghur: نەرگىس (nergis)
Uzbek: nargis

→ Georgian: ნარგიზი (nargizi)

→ Gujarati: નરગિસ (nargis)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नरगिस (nargis)

Urdu: نَرْگِس (nargis)

→ Kazakh: нәркес (närkes)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նարգիզ (nargiz), նարկիզ (narkiz), նարգէզ (nargēz), ներկիս (nerkis)

Armenian: նարգիզ (nargiz), նարկիս (narkis) — Western Armenian, literary, նարկիզ (narkiz) — obsolete spelling

→ Malay: nargis

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرگس (nergis)
Turkish: nergis

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: نَرگِس (nargis)

Gurmukhi script: ਨਰਗਿਸ (nargis)

→ Pashto: نرګس (nargis)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: نرگس (nargasi)

Devanagari script: नर्गसि (nargasi)

→ Turkmen: nerkes

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /nargis/), from Ancient Greek νάρκισσος (nárkissos).

inh+

1003-1077, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
چون از آن جا گذشتیم، به صحرایی رسیدیم که همه نرگس بود شکفته، چنان که تمامتِ آن صحرا سپید مینمود از بسیاریِ نرگسها.

When we passed from that place, we arrived at the field where all the narcissi were cheerful so that the entire field appeared white from the multitude of narcissi.

(poetic) the eye of a beauty, beloved, or mistress


ممنون

head

مَمْنون • (mamnun)

fa-noun

مَمْنون • (mamnun)

مَمْنون (canonical)
mamnun (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مَمْنُون (mamnūn), passive participle of the verb مَنَّ (manna, “to be gracious”).


غذا

ğazâ (romanization)
غذاها (plural)
غذا (singular)
ğazấ (singular)
غذاها (plural)
ğazâ-hấ (plural)
غذا را (definite direct-object singular)
ğazấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
غذا رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
ğazấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
غذاها را (definite direct-object plural)
ğazâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
غذاها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
ğazâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
غذای (ezafe singular)
ğazấ-ye (ezafe singular)
غذاهای (ezafe plural)
ğazâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
غذایی (definite relative singular)
غذایی (indefinite singular stressed)
ğazấ-i (definite relative singular)
ğazấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
غذاهایی (definite plural relative)
غذاهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
ğazâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
ğazâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
غذایم (first-person possessive singular)
ğazấyam (first-person possessive singular)
غذام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ğazấm (first-person possessive singular)
غذاهایم (first-person possessive singular)
ğazâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
غذاهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ğazâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
غذایت (possessive second-person singular)
ğazấyat (possessive second-person singular)
غذات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ğazất (possessive second-person singular)
غذاهایت (possessive second-person singular)
ğazâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
غذاهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ğazâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
غذایش (possessive singular third-person)
ğazấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ğazấš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاهایش (possessive singular third-person)
ğazâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ğazâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
غذایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ğazấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
غذامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ğazấmun (first-person plural possessive)
غذاهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ğazâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
غذاهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ğazâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
غذایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ğazấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
غذاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ğazấtun (plural possessive second-person)
غذاهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ğazâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
غذاهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ğazâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
غذایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ğazấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
غذاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ğazấšun (plural possessive third-person)
غذاهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ğazâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
غذاهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ğazâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

از غذای ایرانی خوشم میآید


ابرنجین

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔæb.ɹæn.d͡ʒíːn]

ابرنجن ابرنجن#Persian


آبادانی

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آبادانی • (âbâdâni)

fa-noun

آبادانی • (âbâdâni)

[ʔɑː.βɑː.ðɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑː.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑː.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑː.níː]

[ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ɔː.ní]

[ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪ɒː.níː]

From آباد (âbâd, “prosperous”) + ـانی (-âni, “noun forming suffix”).


ابرنجن

From Proto-Iranian *abi-ra(n)ǰ- (“to color, dye”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)reg-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέζω (rhézō, “I dye, paint”) and Persian رنگ (rang) itself; also an exact doublet of اورنگ (owrang) / افرنگ (afrang, “throne; splendor”).
Compare Old Armenian ապարանջան (aparanǰan) and Georgian ამბარჩა (ambarča), Iranian borrowings.


آبادی

head

آبادی • (âbâdi)

fa-noun

آبادی • (âbâdi)

→ Bengali: আবাদী (abadi)

→ Hindi: आबादी (ābādī)

[ʔɑː.βɑː.ˈðiː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪í]

[ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪íː]


تاب

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tāpás, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-. Related to Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing.


آباد

head

آباد • (âbâd)

fa-noun

آباد • (âbâd)

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt' (ābād, “populous, thriving, prosperous”). Per Lubotsky, from Proto-Iranian *āpāta-, from *paH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paH-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”), whence also پاییدن (pâyidan).
Compare also Old Armenian ապատ (apat), -ապատ (-apat) and անապատ (anapat), which are Iranian borrowings.
Commonly compared to Sanskrit आवास (āvāsa, “abode, residence, dwelling”), which is most likely from वसति (vasati, “to dwell, live, stop, stay”).

cog

name of the first prophet sent to Persia


داد

→ Bengali: দাদ (dad)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾt' /dād/, “law, justice”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎫𐎶 (d-a-t-m /dātam/, “law”), from Proto-Iranian *daHtáh, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₃tós (“given”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Classical Syriac ܕܬܐ (dāṯāʾ), Hebrew דָּת (dāṯ), Old Armenian դատ (dat).

inh

complaint, lamentation (under oppression)


دار

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾl, “tree, gallows; wood”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /dāruv/), from Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dāru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dóru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v)
Persian دار


تاجر

head

تاجر • (tâjer) (plural تجار (tojjâr) or تاجرها (tâjer-hâ) or تاجران (tâjerân))

tâjer (romanization)
تجار (plural)
تاجرها (plural)
تاجران (plural)

[tɑː.ˈd͡ʒiɾ]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰɔː.d͡ʒíɾ]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒéɹ]

[t̪ʰɔ.d͡ʒíɾ]

چرا ایران برای تجار چینی جذاب است؟

Why is Iran attractive for Chinese businessmen?

čerâ irân barâ-ye tojjâr-e čini jazzâb ast?

دل تو هست دریای گهر بار
منم بر ساحل دریا چو تاجر

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 146”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Your heart is a sea that rains jewels;
I am on the seashore like a merchant.

dil-i tu hast daryā-yi guhar bār
man-am bar sāhil-i daryā čū tājir


تابع

تابع • (tâbe')

fa-noun

تابع • (tâbe')

[t̪ʰɑː.be̞ʔ]

[t̪ʰɑː.be̞ʔ]


خار

→ Urdu: خار (xār)

From Middle Persian thorn (hʾl /xār/), related to Sanskrit खर (khara, “sharp, rough, harsh”)). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian xʾr (xār).

cog

ز خاشاک وز خار و شاخ درخت
یکی آتشی برفروزید سخت

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

With straws, thorns, and tree branches,
He quickly lit up a fire.

zi xāšāk w-az xār u šāx-i diraxt
yakē ātašē barfurōzīd saxt


تیس

توسکا توسکا#Persian


بروت

→ Kyrgyz: мурут (murut)

→ Turkmen: murt

→ Kazakh: мұрт (mūrt)

→ Uyghur: بۇرۇت (burut)

→ Uzbek: murt, burut


میاندوراه

head

میاندوراه • (miyândorâh)

fa-noun

میاندوراه • (miyândorâh)

From میان (miyân) + دو (do) + راه (râh).

fa:میاندوراه


دس

From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (dast), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (dasta), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰés-to- (“hand”), from *ǵʰes-.
Compare Northern Kurdish dest, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta), Sanskrit हस्त (hasta), Greek χέρι (chéri) and Albanian dorë.

تو چشام نیگا کن و دستو بذار تو دستم؛ غمو رو-سیاه کن و دستو بذار تو دستم

Look in my eyes and put your hand in my hand; Denigrate the grief and put your hand in my hand.


عجان

head

عجان • ('ejân)

fa-noun

عجان • ('ejân)

[(ʔ)ɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[(ʔ)ɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

fa:میاندوراه


پرینه

fa:میاندوراه


بچه قورباغه

head

بچه قورباغه • (bačče-ye qurbâğe)


زیرنویس

It is a combination of زیر (zir, “bottom”), and نویس (navis, “writer”), thus a literal translation is "bottom-writer".


چوبان

چوبان • (čubân)

fa-noun

چوبان • (čubân)

[t͡ʃuː.βɑːn]

چوپان چوپان#Persian


خوکچه

head

خوکچه • (xukče)

fa-noun

خوکچه • (xukče)


پشتو

head

پشتو • (paštu)

fa-noun

پشتو • (paštu)

[pʰäʃ.t̪ʰoː]

[pʰäʃ.t̪ʰoː]

[pʰäʃ.t̪ʰoː]

[pʰäʃ.t̪ʰʊː]

[pʰæʃ.t̪ʰuː]

م. بلد نیست به زبان پشتو حرف بزنه.

m. balad nist be zabân-e paštu harf bezane.


چرخ

چَرْخ (canonical)
čarx (romanization)
چرخها (plural)

→ Arabic:

Iraqi Arabic: چرخ (čarx)

→ Middle Armenian: չարխ (čʻarx)

Armenian: չարխ (čʻarx)

→ Azerbaijani: çarx

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चरख़ा (carxā)

Urdu: چَرْخَہ (carxa)

→ Khalaj: çarx

→ Georgian: ჩარხი (čarxi)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چرخ (çarh), چرق (çark)
Turkish: çark
→ Albanian: çark

→ Yagnobi: чарх (čarx)

From Middle Persian 𐫝𐫍𐫡 (chr /čahr/, “wheel, cycle”), from Proto-Iranian *čaxrám (compare Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám (compare Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“wheel, circle”).


چشم‌پزشکی

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چشمپزشکی • (češm-pezeški)

چشمپزشکی (canonical)
češm-pezeški (romanization)


بدبخت

→ Azerbaijani: bədbəxt

→ Malay: bedebah
Indonesian: bedebah

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بدبخت
Turkish: bedbaht

→ Uyghur: بەتبەخت (betbext)

→ Uzbek: badbaxt

From بد (bad, “bad”) + بخت (baxt, “luck”).

a person of misfortune; one worthy of pity


جادو

head

جادو • (jâdu)

fa-noun

جادو • (jâdu)

→ Armenian: ջադու (ǰadu)

→ Assamese: যাদু (zadu)

→ Baluchi: جادو

→ Bengali: জাদু (jadu)

→ Chagatai: جادو

Uyghur: جادۇ (jadu)

Uzbek: jodu

→ Georgian: ჯადო (ǯado)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जादू (jādū)

Urdu: جادو (jādū)

→ Punjabi: جادو (jādū)

→ Pashto: جادو (jādū)

→ Sindhi: جادو (jādū)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: جادو (cadu), جاذو (cazu)
Azerbaijani: cadu
Ottoman Turkish: جادو (cadu, cadı), جاذو (cazı), جادی (cadu, cadı), جاذی (cazı)
Turkish: cadı
→ Armenian: ջազի (ǰazi)
→ Bulgarian: джади́я (džadíja), джиди́я (džidíja)
→ Laz: ჯაზი (cazi), ჯადი (cadi) — Lome
→ Macedonian: џадија (džadija)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џа̀дија
Latin script: džàdija

→ Turkmen: jady

→ Ushojo: جادُو (jādū)

[d͡ʒɑː.ˈðuː]

[d͡ʒɑː.d̪úː]

[d͡ʒɑː.d̪úː]

[d͡ʒɑː.d̪úː]

[d͡ʒɒː.d̪úː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾtwk' /ǰādūg/, “wizardry; wizard”), from Old Persian [script needed] (y-a-tu-u /yātu/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaHtúš. Compare Sanskrit यातु (yātu).

inh

یکی جادو آمد به دین آوری
به ایران به دعوی پیغمبری
همی گوید از آسمان آمدم
ز نزد خدای جهان آمدم

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Gushtāsp”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

A sorcerer came to bring his religion
To Iran, claiming to be a prophet.
He would say, "I have come from the heavens,
I have come from the Lord of the world."

yakē jādū āmad ba dīn āwarī
ba ērān ba da'wā-yi payğambarī
hamē gōyad az āsmān āmadam
zi nazd-i xudā-yi jahān āmadam

(archaic) wizard, conjurer, sorcerer, witch


میانجی

head

میانجی • (miyânji) (plural میانجیها (miyânji-hâ))

miyânji (romanization)
میانجیها (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mdyʾncyk' /mayānǰīg/, “mediator, intermediary”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *madyānah, from *mádyah (“middle”).
Cognate with Sogdian 𐼍𐼊𐼌𐼀𐼎𐼕𐼊 (myδʾncy /mēδānčī/, “middle, mediator”).


میکرب

میکروب میکروب#Persian


قشون

head

قشون • (qošun)

fa-noun

قشون • (qošun)

From Turkic. Compare Turkish koşun, Azerbaijani qoşun, Uyghur قوشۇن (qoshun), Turkmen goşun, Uzbek qo‘shin, Kazakh қосын (qosyn), etc.


یراق

head

یراق • (yarâq)

fa-noun

یراق • (yarâq)

From a Turkic source, compare Azerbaijani yaraq, Turkish yarak, Chagatai یاراغ (yarağ).


قایق

head

قایِق • (qâyeq) (plural قایقها (qâyeq-hâ))

قایِق (canonical)
qâyeq (romanization)
قایقها (plural)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani qayıq, Kazakh қайық (qaiyq), Turkish kayık, Turkmen gaýyk.


مین

ماین ماین#Persian

(Dari) Alternative form of ماین (“mine (exploding device)”).


قیصی

→ Khalaj: qəysi

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قیصی (kaysi, kayısı).


قوطی

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوطی (kutu, kutı), from Greek κουτί (koutí).


میدان

head

میدان • (meydân) (plural میدانها (meydân-hâ))

Tajik: майдон (maydon)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Assamese: ময়দান (moyodan)

→ Azerbaijani: meydan

→ Braj: मैदान (maidān)

→ Middle Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

→ Dhivehi: މައިޒާން (maizān̊)

→ Dogri: madān

Devanagari script: मदान

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠛𑠬𑠝

→ Georgian: მოედანი (moedani)

→ Gojri: میدان (maidān)

→ Gujarati: મેદાન (medān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मैदान (maidān)

Urdu: مَیْدَانْ (maidān)

→ Kannada: ಮೈದಾನ (maidāna)

→ Kashmiri: mạ̄dān

Arabic script: مٲدان

Devanagari script: मऻदान

Sharada script: 𑆩𑆳𑆢𑆳𑆤𑇀

→ Kazakh: майдан (maidan)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Kannada script: ಮಯ್ದಾನ್

Latin script: moidan

→ Kumyk: майдан (maydan)

→ Lezgi: майдан (majdan)

→ Maithili: medān

Devanagari script: मॆदान

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒺𑒠𑒰𑒢

→ Malayalam: മൈദാനം (maidānaṁ)

→ Malvi: मेदान (medān)

→ Marathi: maidān

Devanagari script: मैदान

Modi script: 𑘦𑘺𑘟𑘰𑘡

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅑𑅥𑅧 (midn)

→ Nepali: मैदान (maidān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میدان (meydân)
Turkish: meydan
→ Albanian: mejdan
→ Aromanian: migdane, migdãni, miydane
→ Bulgarian: мегда́н (megdán)
→ Crimean Tatar: meydan
→ Czech: mejdan
→ Greek: μεϊντάνι (meïntáni)
→ Macedonian: мегдан (megdan)
→ Romanian: maidan
→ Serbo-Croatian: mègdān / мѐгда̄н, mèjdān / мѐјда̄н
→ Tatar: мәйдан (mäydan)

→ Odia: ମଇଦାନ (maidāna)

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੈਦਾਨੁ (maidānu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੈਦਾਨ (maidān), ਮਦਾਨ (madān)
Shahmukhi script: مَیدان (maidān)

→ Sindhi: maidānu

Arabic script: مَيدانُ

Devanagari script: मैदानु

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋦𑋏𑋠𑋑𑋣

→ Telugu: మైదానము (maidānamu)

→ Ukrainian: майдан (majdan) (via a Turkic language)

→ Uyghur: مەيدان (meydan)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Khorezmian Turkic: ميدان (mäydan)

→ Zazaki: meydan

Borrowed from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), itself an Iranian borrowing. Doublet of میان (miyân).

میدان آزادی

میدان مغناطیسی

(Sufism, uncommon) stage of the mystical path


قوش

→ Gujarati: કૂશ (kūś)

From a Turkic language, from Proto-Turkic *kuĺ (“bird”), cognate to Ottoman Turkish قوش (kuş), Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰽 (qus¹), Azerbaijani quş, etc.


مربع

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَبَّع (murabbaʕ).


چزمه

head

چزمه • (čezme)

fa-noun

چزمه • (čezme)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چزمه (çizme). Doublet of چکمه (čakme).


چکمه

head

چکمه • (čakme) (plural چکمهها (čakme-hâ))

čakme (romanization)
چکمهها (plural)
چکمه
čakmé
چکمهٔ (ezafe)
čakmé-ye (ezafe)
چکمهای (definite relative)
چکمهای (indefinite stressed)
čakmé-i (definite relative)
čakmé-i (indefinite stressed)
چکمهام (first-person possessive singular)
čakmé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
čakmám (first-person possessive singular)
چکمهمان (first-person plural possessive)
čakmé-ye-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
čakmé-mân, čakmámun (first-person plural possessive)
چکمهات (possessive second-person singular)
čakmé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
čakmát (possessive second-person singular)
چکمهتان (plural possessive second-person)
čakmé-ye-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
čakmé-tân, čakmátun (plural possessive second-person)
چکمهاش (possessive singular third-person)
čakmé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
čakmáš (possessive singular third-person)
چکمهشان (plural possessive third-person)
čakmé-ye-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
čakmé-šân, čakmášun (plural possessive third-person)
چکمهام (first-person predicative singular)
čakmé-am (first-person predicative singular)
چکمهام، چکمم (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
čakmám (first-person predicative singular)
چکمهایم (first-person plural predicative)
čakmé-im (first-person plural predicative)
چکمهای (predicative second-person singular)
čakmé-i (predicative second-person singular)
چکمهاید (plural predicative second-person)
čakmé-id (plural predicative second-person)
چکمهاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
čakmé-in (plural predicative second-person)
چکمه است (predicative singular third-person)
čakmé ast (predicative singular third-person)
چکمهئه، چکمس (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
čakmé-e, čakmás (predicative singular third-person)
چکمهاند (plural predicative third-person)
čakmé-and (plural predicative third-person)
چکمهان، چکمن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
čakmé-an, čakmán (plural predicative third-person)

[t͡ʃʰækʲ.mé]

Borrowed from Chagatai چكمه (čäkmä) or Azerbaijani çəkmə. Compare also چزمه (čezme) from Ottoman Turkish. Displaced native موزه (muze) in western dialects.


ابتکار

ابتکار • (ebtekâr)

fa-noun

ابتکار • (ebtekâr)

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِبْتِكَار (ibtikār).

bor+

ابتکار و خلاقیت

به ابتکار رئیسجمهور


ابتدا

head

ابتدا • (ebtedâ) (plural ابتداها (ebtedâ-hâ))

ebtedâ (romanization)
ابتداها (plural)
ابتدا (singular)
ebtedấ (singular)
ابتداها (plural)
ebtedâ-hấ (plural)
ابتدا را (definite direct-object singular)
ebtedấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
ابتدا رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
ebtedấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
ابتداها را (definite direct-object plural)
ebtedâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ابتداها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
ebtedâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
ابتدای (ezafe singular)
ebtedấ-ye (ezafe singular)
ابتداهای (ezafe plural)
ebtedâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ابتدایی (definite relative singular)
ابتدایی (indefinite singular stressed)
ebtedấ-i (definite relative singular)
ebtedấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
ابتداهایی (definite plural relative)
ابتداهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
ebtedâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
ebtedâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
ابتدایم (first-person possessive singular)
ebtedấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ابتدام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ebtedấm (first-person possessive singular)
ابتداهایم (first-person possessive singular)
ebtedâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ابتداهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ebtedâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
ابتدایت (possessive second-person singular)
ebtedấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ابتدات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ebtedất (possessive second-person singular)
ابتداهایت (possessive second-person singular)
ebtedâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ابتداهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ebtedâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
ابتدایش (possessive singular third-person)
ebtedấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ابتداش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ebtedấš (possessive singular third-person)
ابتداهایش (possessive singular third-person)
ebtedâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ابتداهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ebtedâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
ابتدایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ebtedấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ابتدامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ebtedấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ابتداهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ebtedâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ابتداهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ebtedâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ابتدایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ebtedấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ابتداتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ebtedấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ابتداهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ebtedâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ابتداهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ebtedâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ابتدایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ebtedấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ابتداشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ebtedấšun (plural possessive third-person)
ابتداهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ebtedâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ابتداهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ebtedâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ː]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

ابتداء ابتداء#Persian


پارچه

head

پارچه • (pârče) (plural پارچهها (pârče-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: parça

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पारचा (pārcā)

Urdu: پارچہ (pārcā)

→ Kazakh: парша (parşa)

→ Kumyk: парча (parça)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: parçe

Central Kurdish: پارچە (parçe)

→ Lezgi: парча (parča)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پارچه (pârçe)
Turkish: parça
→ Middle Armenian: պարչա (parčʻa, “brocade”)
Armenian: պարչա (parčʻa, “brocade”)
→ Bulgarian: парче́ (parčé)
→ Crimean Tatar: parça
→ Georgian: ფარჩა (parča, “brocade”)
→ Macedonian: парче (parče)
→ Russian: парча́ (parčá, “brocade”)
→ Serbo-Croatian: párče / па́рче
→ Ukrainian: парча́ (parčá, “brocade”)

[pɑːɾ.ˈt͡ʃa]

[pʰɑːɾ.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɑːɾ.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɑːɾ.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɔːɾ.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[pʰɒːɹ.t͡ʃʰé]

[pʰɔɾ.t͡ʃʰǽ]

From پاره (pâre) + diminutive suffix چه (če).


روشنی

→ Bengali: রৌশনী (rōuśoni)

→ Urdu: روشنی (rauśnī)


ورود

ویزای ورود

ورود به آنجا ممنوع است.


کبوتر

head

کبوتر • (kabutar) (plural کبوترها (kabutar-hâ) or کبوتران (kabutarân))

kabutar (romanization)
کبوترها (plural)
کبوتران (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬੂਤਰ (kabūtar)

Shahmukhi script: کَبُوتَر (kabūtar)

→ Urdu: کَبُوتَر (kabūtar)

[kʰʲæ.buː.t̪ʰǽɹ]

[kʰä.bɵ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kpwtl), 𐫐𐫁𐫇𐫤𐫡 (kbwtr /kabōtar/, “pigeon”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapáwtas (“pigeon”).


کاغذ

head

کاغَذ or کاغِذ • (kâğaz or kâğez) (plural کاغذها (kâğaz-hâ))

کاغَذ (canonical)
کاغِذ (canonical)
kâğaz (romanization)
kâğez (romanization)
کاغذها (plural)

→ Central Kurdish: کاغەز (kaẍez)

desc

→ Arabic: كَاغَد (kāḡad), كَاغِذ (kāḡiḏ), كَاغَذ (kāḡaḏ), كَاغِيد (kāḡīd)

→ Georgian: ქაღალდი (kaɣaldi)

→ Chechen: кехат (kexat)

→ Lezgi: кагъаз (kaġaz)

→ Tabasaran: кагъаз (kaġaz)

→ Avar: кагъат (kağat)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: काग़ज़ (kāġaz), कागद (kāgad)

→ Sanskrit: कर्गद (kargada)

→ Urdu: کاغَذ (kāġaz)

→ Bengali: কাগজ (kagoj)

→ Marathi: कागद (kāgad)

→ Odia: କାଗଜ (kāgaja)

→ Punjabi: ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ (kāġaz), کاغذ (kāġẕ)

→ Marwari: कागद (kāgad)

→ Sindhi: ڪاغذ (kāġazu)

→ Tamil: காகிதம் (kākitam)

→ Uzbek: qogʻoz

→ Uyghur: قەغەز (qeghez)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كاغد (kâğıd)
Turkish: kâğıt
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћага
Latin script: ćaga

→ Azerbaijani: kağız

→ Turkmen: kagyz, kagaz

→ Kazakh: қағаз (qağaz)

→ Kyrgyz: кагаз (kagaz)

→ Tatar: кәгазь (käğaz’), qäğäz

→ Bashkir: ҡағыҙ (qağıź)

→ Karachay-Balkar: къагъыт (qağıt)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /kāγaδā/).

bor+

و در آن جا کاغذ نیکو سازند مثل کاغذ سمرقندی بل بهتر

And they make high-quality paper over there, similar to Samarqand paper, but even better.

va dar ân jâ kâğaz-i nêkô sâzand mis̱l-i kâğaz-i samarqandî bal bihtar


سم

→ Khalaj: sum

From Middle Persian [script needed] (swmb' /sumb/, “hoof”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás.


گازها

head

گازها • (gâz-hâ)


گوسفندها

گوسفند گوسفند#Persian


روشنفکران

روشنفکر روشنفکر#Persian


کودکان

کودکان • (kudakân)

کودک کودک#Persian


مگس‌ها

مگسها (canonical)
magas-hâ (romanization)


روشنفکر

روشنفکر • (rowšanfekr) (plural روشنفکران (rowšanfekrân))

rowšanfekr (romanization)
روشنفکران (plural)


لهجه

لَهْجِه • (lahje) (plural لهجهها (lahje-hâ))

لَهْجِه (canonical)
lahje (romanization)
لهجهها (plural)

لَهْجِهٔ تِهْرانی


کولی

کولی • (kowli) (plural کولیها (kowli-hâ) or کولیان (kowliyân))

kowli (romanization)
کولیها (plural)
کولیان (plural)

Balochistan Kabul Kerman Kermanshah Khorasan Luristan Tajikistan

From کابلی (“Kabuli”), because when they first appeared it was wrongly believed that they were from Kabul.
Various different words are used to identify them in different regions: In Khorasan, they are called قرشمال (qerešmâl).
In Kerman and Balochistan, as well as Tajikistan, they are called لولی (luli).
They are called سوزمانی (suzmâni) in most southern provinces such as Luristan and Kermanshah.


الهه

الهه • (elâhe)

fa-noun

الهه • (elâhe)


فراموشی

head

فراموشی • (farâmôši)

fa-noun

فراموشی • (farâmôši)

[fä.ɾɑː.moː.ʃíː]

[fä.ɾɑː.moː.ʃíː]

[fä.ɾɑː.moː.ʃíː]

[fæ.ɹɒː.muː.ʃíː]


کلاه

head

کلاه • (kolâh) (plural کلاهها (kolâh-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: külah

→ Gujarati: કુલાહ (kulāh)

→ Malay: kulah

Indonesian: kulah

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلاه (külah)

→ Turkish: külah

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlʾp̄ /kulāf/, “cap, bonnet”). Compare Middle Armenian սաքուլայ (sakʻulay) and Northern Luri کلو (kelo).

inh

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
به ایوان خرامید و بنشست شاد
کلاه کیانی به سر بر نهاد
be ivân xarâmid o benšast šâd
kolâhe kiyâni bar sar nehâd
(He) gingerly approached and delightedly acceded to the throne


بادکنک

head

بادکنک • (bâdkonak) (plural بادکنکها (bâdkonak-hâ))

bâdkonak (romanization)
بادکنکها (plural)
بادکنک (singular)
bâdkonak (singular)
بادکنکها (plural)
bâdkonak-hấ (plural)
بادکنکا (colloquial plural)
bâdkonakấ (plural)
بادکنک را (definite direct-object singular)
bâdkonak râ (definite direct-object singular)
بادکنک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bâdkonako (definite direct-object singular)
بادکنکها را (definite direct-object plural)
bâdkonak-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بادکنکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bâdkonakấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بادکنک (ezafe singular)
bâdkonak-e (ezafe singular)
بادکنکهای (ezafe plural)
bâdkonak-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بادکنکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bâdkonakấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بادکنکی (definite relative singular)
بادکنکی (indefinite singular stressed)
bâdkonak-i (definite relative singular)
bâdkonak-i (indefinite singular stressed)
بادکنکهایی (definite plural relative)
بادکنکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bâdkonakấn-i, bâdkonak-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
bâdkonakấn-i, bâdkonak-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
بادکنکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بادکنکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bâdkonakấi (definite plural relative)
bâdkonakấi (indefinite plural stressed)
بادکنکم (first-person possessive singular)
bâdkonakam (first-person possessive singular)
بادکنکهایم (first-person possessive singular)
bâdkonak-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
بادکنکهام، بادکنکام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
bâdkonakấm (first-person possessive singular)
بادکنکت (possessive second-person singular)
bâdkonakat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bâdkonaket (possessive second-person singular)
بادکنکهایت (possessive second-person singular)
bâdkonak-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
بادکنکهات، بادکنکات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bâdkonakất (possessive second-person singular)
بادکنکش (possessive singular third-person)
bâdkonakaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bâdkonakeš (possessive singular third-person)
بادکنکهایش (possessive singular third-person)
bâdkonak-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
بادکنکهاش، بادکنکاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bâdkonakấš (possessive singular third-person)
بادکنکمان (first-person plural possessive)
bâdkonakemân (first-person plural possessive)
بادکنکمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bâdkonakemun (first-person plural possessive)
بادکنکهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
bâdkonak-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
بادکنکهامون، بادکنکامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bâdkonakấmun (first-person plural possessive)
بادکنکتان (plural possessive second-person)
bâdkonaketân (plural possessive second-person)
بادکنکتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bâdkonaketun (plural possessive second-person)
بادکنکهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
bâdkonak-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
بادکنکهاتون، بادکنکاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bâdkonakấtun (plural possessive second-person)
بادکنکشان (plural possessive third-person)
bâdkonakešân (plural possessive third-person)
بادکنکشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bâdkonakešun (plural possessive third-person)
بادکنکهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
bâdkonak-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
بادکنکهاشون، بادکنکاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bâdkonakấšun (plural possessive third-person)


هوو

→ Khalaj: havû

From earlier form هبو (habô) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hbwk' /habōg/) from Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife, concubine”) from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥pótnih₂ (“co-wife”), made up from *sm̥- (“together, co-”) + *pótnih₂ (“wife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī, “co-wife”), Pashto بن (bën), Northern Kurdish hewî, Central Kurdish ھەوێ (hewê) and Baluchi ہپوک (hapók).


پیمان

head

پیمان • (peymân) (plural پیمانها (peymân-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: peyman

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیمان (peyman)

Turkish: peyman

→ Turkmen: peýman

→ Urdu: پیمان (paimān)

→ Uzbek: paymon

→ Northern Kurdish: peyman

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ptmʾn' /paymān/, “measure, period; moderation; treaty”), ultimately from *pati- and *maH- (“to measure”). Related to the verb پیمودن (peymudan, “to measure”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պայման (payman), Old Georgian პაემანი (ṗaemani), Arabic فَيْمَان (faymān).


خوابگاه

head

خوابگاه • (xâbgâh) (plural خوابگاهها (xâbgâh-hâ))

xâbgâh (romanization)
خوابگاهها (plural)

desc

→ Gujarati: ખાબગાહ (khābgāh), ખ્વાબગાહ (khvābgāh)

→ Urdu: خواب گاہ (xvāb gāh, “bedchamber”)

[xʷɑːβ.ˈɡɑːh]

[xɑːb.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[xɑːb.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[xɒːb.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

From خواب (xâb, “sleep”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “place”).


چشمه

head

چِشمِه • (češme) (plural چِشمِهها (češme-hâ))

چِشمِه (canonical)
češme (romanization)
چِشمِهها (plural)

Tajik: чашма (čašma)

→ Azerbaijani: çeşmə

→ Bashkir: шишмә (şişmə)

→ Bengali: চশমা (cośma)

→ Chagatai: چَشمه

Uzbek: chashma

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चश्मा (caśmā)

Urdu: چَشْمَہ (caśma)

→ Marathi: चष्मा (caṣmā), चश्मा (caśmā)

→ Nepali: चश्मा (caśmā), चस्मा (casmā)

desc

→ Odia: ଚଶମା (cåśåmā)

→ Odia: ଚଶମା (cåśåmā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چَشمه (çeşme)
Turkish: çeşme
→ Bulgarian: чешма (češma)
→ Tunisian Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
→ Libyan Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
→ Macedonian: чешма (češma)
→ Romanian: cișmea

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਸ਼ਮਾ (caśmā)

Shahmukhi script: چَشْمَہ (caśmah)

→ Tatar: чишмә (çişmä)

→ Turkmen: çeşme

[ t͡ʃʰæʃ.mé]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (čšmk' /čašmag/, “spring, source”), from [script needed] (čšm /čašm/, “eye”) + [script needed] (-k' /-ag/), equivalent to modern چشم (čašm, “eye”) + ـه (-e).
A relation between eye and spring seems to be common in the area. Compare Baluchi چمگ (cammag, “spring, source”) from چم (camm, “eye”), Gilaki چمار (čumâr, “spring”) from چم (čum, “eye”), Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spring, eye”), and Old Armenian ակն (akn, “eye, spring”).


نقاش

head

نقاش • (naqqâš)

fa-noun

نقاش • (naqqâš)

نقش با نقاش چه سگالد دگر / چون سگالش اوش بخشید و خبر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3035:

What else (but good) should the picture think of the painter, since he bestowed thought and knowledge upon it?

naqš bâ naqâš či sigâlad digar / čôn sigâl-aš ô-š baxšid u xabar


حلم

که نیم کوهم ز حلم و صبر و داد
کوه را کی در رباید تند باد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3794:

I am not a straw, I am a mountain of forbearance and patience and justice:
how should the fierce wind carry off the mountain?”

kah niyam kōh-am za hilm u sabr u dād
kōh rā kay dar rubāyad tund bād


ایرانی‌ها

head

ایرانیها • (irâni-hâ)

ایرانیها (canonical)
irâni-hâ (romanization)

ایرانی ایرانی#Persian


کالاها

کالاها • (kâlâ-hâ)

کالا کالا#Persian


پرده‌ها

پردهها (canonical)
parde-hâ (romanization)

پرده پرده#Persian


ماشین‌ها

ماشینها • (mâšin-hâ)

ماشینها (canonical)
mâšin-hâ (romanization)

ماشین ماشین#Persian


درخت‌ها

درختها (canonical)
deraxt-hâ (romanization)
daraxt-hâ (romanization)

درخت درخت#Persian


خانم‌ها

خانمها • (xânom-hâ)

خانمها (canonical)
xânom-hâ (romanization)

خانم خانم#Persian


خانه‌ها

خانهها • (xâne-hâ)

خانهها (canonical)
xâne-hâ (romanization)

خانه خانه#Persian


دیوارها

دیوارها • (divâr-hâ)

دیوار دیوار#Persian


گربه‌ها

گربهها (canonical)
gorbe-hâ (romanization)

گربه گربه#Persian


پارچه‌ها

پارچهها • (pârče-hâ)

پارچهها (canonical)
pârče-hâ (romanization)

پارچه پارچه#Persian


جام‌ها

جامها • (jâm-hâ)


صندلی‌ها

صندلیها (canonical)
sandali-hâ (romanization)

صندلی صندلی#Persian


پله‌ها

پلهها (canonical)
pelle-hâ (romanization)


میزها

میزها • (miz-hâ)


تابستان‌ها

تابستانها • (tâbestân-hâ)

تابستانها (canonical)
tâbestân-hâ (romanization)

تابستان تابستان#Persian


شکلات‌ها

شکلاتها • (šokolât-hâ)

شکلاتها (canonical)
šokolât-hâ (romanization)

شکلات شکلات#Persian


آدم‌ها

آدمها • (âdam-hâ)

آدمها (canonical)
âdam-hâ (romanization)

[ʔɑː.ðam.ˈhɑː]

[ʔɑː.d̪äm.hɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.d̪äm.hɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ä.mɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.d̪ä.mɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.d̪æm.hɒ́ː]


برگ‌ها

برگها (canonical)
barg-hâ (romanization)


سوسمارها

سوسمارها • (susmâr-hâ)

سوسمار سوسمار#Persian


خزندگان

خزنده خزنده#Persian


خزنده

خزنده • (xazande) (plural خزندگان (xazandegân) or خزندهها (xazande-hâ))

xazande (romanization)
خزندگان (plural)
خزندهها (plural)

For the sense development, compare Latin rēptilis (“crawling, creeping”).

بزرگترین خزنده دنیا


خودروها

خودرو خودرو#Persian


عزاداری

عزاداری • ('azâdâri)

fa-noun

عزاداری • ('azâdâri)

From عزادار + ـی.


سوسمار

head

سوسمار • (susmâr) (plural سوسمارها (susmâr-hâ))

Ultimately from Sanskrit शिशुमार (śiśumāra, “alligator; river dolphin”), from शिशु (śiśu, “child”) + मार (māra, “killing”). سوس (sus, “(rare) lizard”) is a backformation from a reanalysis of the second element as مار (mâr, “snake”).

der

پوست سوسمار


قاتل

head

قاتل • (qâtel) (plural قاتلان (qâtelân) or قاتلها (qâtel-hâ))

qâtel (romanization)
قاتلان (plural)
قاتلها (plural)


زنجیر

Tajik: занҷир (zanjir)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: zəncir
→ Georgian: ჟინჟირ (žinžir) — Ingilo

→ Bashkir: сынйыр (sınyır)

→ Central Kurdish: زنجیر (zincîr)

desc

→ Georgian: ზანჯირე (zanǯire) — Fereydan

→ Gujarati: જંજીર (jañjīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ंजीर (zañjīr)

Urdu: زنجیر (zanjīr)

→ Kalmyk: шинҗүр (şinjür)

→ Kazakh: шынжыр (şynjyr)

→ Kyrgyz: чынжыр (cınjır)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنجیر (zincîr), զինճիր (zincir) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: zincir, zencil
→ Albanian: zinxhir
→ Armenian: զնջիլ (znǰil), զնճիլ (znčil), ջինջիլ (ǰinǰil), ջնջիլ (ǰnǰil)
→ Aromanian: singir
→ Bulgarian: синджи́р (sindžír)
→ Egyptian Arabic: جنزير (ganzīr)
→ Georgian: ჯინჯილი (ǯinǯili) — Meskheti, Kiziqi
→ Laz: ზენჯილი (zencili)
→ Macedonian: синџир (sindžir)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: сѝнџӣр, сѝнжӣр
Latin script: sìndžīr, sìnžīr

→ Tatar: чылбыр (çılbır)

→ Turkmen: zynjyr

→ Uyghur: زەنجىر (zenjir)

→ Uzbek: zanjir

یاد دادش جور اخوان و حسد / گفت کان زنجیر بود و ما اسد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3159:

He spoke to him (Joseph) of the injustice and envy of his brethren: Joseph said, “That was (like) a chain, and I was the lion.

yâd dâd-aš jawr-i-axwân u hasad / guft k-ân zanjîr bûd u mâ asad


تقصیر

head

تقصیر • (taqsir) (plural تقصیرها (taqsir-hâ))

→ Bengali: তকসির (tôksir)

→ Urdu: تقصیر (taqsīr)

[t̪ʰäq.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰæʁ.síːɹ]

تقصیر من نبود.


فرمان

فرمان • (farmân) (plural فرامین (farâmin) or فرمانها (farmân-hâ))

farmân (romanization)
فرامین (plural)
فرمانها (plural)

→ Arabic: فَرْمَان (farmān)

desc

→ Assamese: ফৰমান (phorman), ফৰ্মান (phorman)

→ Azerbaijani: fərman

→ Bashkir: фарман (farman)

→ Bengali: ফরমান (fôrman)

→ Old Gujarati: फुरमाण (phuramāṇa)

Gujarati: ફરમાન (pharmān)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: فَرْمان (frman)
Braj: फरमान (pharmān)
Bundeli: फरमान (pharmān)
Hindustani: farmān
Hindi: फ़रमान
Urdu: فَرْمان
Kannauji: फरमान

→ Indonesian: firman

→ Kannada: ಫರ್ಮಾನು (pharmānu)

→ Kumyk: пурман (purman)

→ Lezgi: фарман (farman)

→ Maithili: pharᵊmān

Devanagari script: फरमान

Tirhuta script: 𑒤𑒩𑒧𑒰𑒢

→ Marwari:

desc

Devanagari script: फरमांन (pharmā̃n), फरमांण (pharmā̃ṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅩𑅭𑅬𑅧𑅧 (phrmnn), 𑅩𑅭𑅬𑅧𑅢 (phrmnṇ)

→ Malayalam: പരമാന് (paramāṉ)

→ Marathi: फर्मान (pharmān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرمان (ferman)
Turkish: ferman
→ Albanian: ferman
→ Armenian: ֆէրման (fērman), ֆա̈րմա̈ն (färmän)
→ English: firman
→ Hungarian: fermán
→ Romanian: firman

→ Old Punjabi: ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu), ਫੁਰਮਾਨੁ (phuramānu)
Punjabi: farmān
Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਮਾਨ
Shahmukhi script: فَرْمان
Saraiki:
Devanagari script: फ़रमान (farmān)
Multani script: 𑊜𑊢𑊠𑊚 (phrmn /farmān/)
Shahmukhi script: فَرْمان (farmān)

→ Russian: фирман (firman)

→ Sindhi: farmānu

Arabic script: فَرْمانُ

Devanagari script: फ़र्मानु

Khudabadi script: 𑋓𑋩𑋙𑋪𑋗𑋠𑋑𑋣

→ Tamil: பரமானா (paramāṉā)

→ Telugu: ఫర్మానా (pharmānā)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plmʾn'), 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/, “order, command”), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (framānā, “command”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam. Cognate with Gurani ھەرمانە (harmāna, “work”) and Iranian loanwords Old Armenian հրաման (hraman), Aramaic הַרְמָן (hrmnʾ, “order”).
Cognate with Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa).

فرمانروایی

فرمانروا (farmânravâ)

فرمانداری

فرماندار (farmândâr)

فرمانبرداری

فرمانبردار (farmânbardâr)


تحصیل

head

تَحصیل • (tahsil) (plural تحصیلات (tahsilât))

تَحصیل (canonical)
tahsil (romanization)
تحصیلات (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तहसील (tahsīl)

Urdu: تَحْصِیل (tahsīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਹਿਸੀਲ (tahisīl)

desc

Shahmukhi script: تَحْصِیل (taḥṣīl), تَحِصِیل (taḥiṣīl)

[t̪ʰäɦ.síːl]

[t̪ʰäɦ.síːl]

[t̪ʰɑː.síːl]

[t̪ʰɔː.síl̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.síːl̥]

تحصیل در خارج

تحصیلات تکمیلی

تحصیلات عالی (Dari) ― tahsilāt-i ālī ― higher education

(often in the plural) training, learning, study, education


خارجی‌ها

head

خارجیها • (xâreji-hâ)

خارجیها (canonical)
xâreji-hâ (romanization)

خارجی خارجی#Persian


امپراتوری

امپراتوری • (emperâturi)

fa-noun

امپراتوری • (emperâturi)


امپراتور

head

اِمْپِراتور • (emperâtur) (plural امپراتورها (emperâtur-hâ))

اِمْپِراتور (canonical)
emperâtur (romanization)
امپراتورها (plural)

[ʔɪm.pʰä.ɾɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[ʔem.pʰe.ɹɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


ملکه

ملکه • (maleke) (plural ملکهها (maleke-hâ) or ملکات (malekât))

maleke (romanization)
ملکهها (plural)
ملکات (plural)

Dari: مَلِکَه (malika)

Iranian Persian: مَلِکِه (maleke)

Tajik: малика (malika)

→ Gujarati: મલિકા (malikā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मलिका (malikā)

Urdu: مَلِکَہ (malika)

→ Marwari: मलिका (malikā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਲਕਾ (malkā)

Shahmukhi script: مَلِکَہ (malikah)

→ Sindhi: malikā

Arabic script: مَلڪَھ

Devanagari script: मलिका

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِكَة (malika). By surface analysis, ملک (malek) + ـه (-e).


الهام

head

الهام • (elhâm) (plural الهامها (elhâm-hâ))


طبل

From Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl), from Parthian 𐫎𐫁𐫏𐫓 (ṯbyl /tabil/). Compare تبیر (tabir, “drum”).


مبل‌ها

مبلها (canonical)
mobl-hâ (romanization)


پارلمان

پارلمان • (pârlemân)

fa-noun

پارلمان • (pârlemân)

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɔːɾ.lä.mɔ́ːn]

پارلمان افغانستان


رنگارنگ

→ Armenian: ռանգեռանգ (ṙangeṙang)

→ Azerbaijani: rəngarəng

→ Ottoman Turkish: رنگارنك (rengârenk)

Turkish: rengârenk

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɔː.ɾäŋɡ̥]

[ɹæŋ.ɡɒː.ɹæɲɡʲ̥]

[ɾäŋ.ɡɔ.ɾäŋɡ]


گیاه

head

گیاه • (giyâh) (plural گیاهان (giyâhân) or گیاهها (giyâh-hâ))

giyâh (romanization)
گیاهان (plural)
گیاهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: ગિયાહ (giyāh)

→ Uyghur: گىياھ (giyah)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gyʾh /giyāh/, “grass”), from a compound formation related to Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (gaodāiiu, “grass”, literally “cow-giver”), or that which nourishes the cow, synchronically analyzable as گاو (gâv, “cow”) + دادَن (dâdan, “to give”). Compare with Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫇 (gyʾw /giyāw/, “grass, herbage”), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫃 (gyʾg /gyāg/, “grass”), Parthian 𐫃𐫇𐫏𐫀𐫇 (gwyʾw /guyāw/, “grass”), Northern Kurdish giya (“grass, herb”), Central Kurdish گِیا (giya), Gurani گیواو (gīwāw), گیاو (giyāw) and Baluchi گیاب (giyáb).


خبرنگاران

خبرنگار خبرنگار#Persian


اسفنج‌ها

اسفنجها (canonical)
esfanj-hâ (romanization)

اسفنج اسفنج#Persian


کارمند

head

کارمند • (kârmand) (plural کارمندان (kârmandân))

kârmand (romanization)
کارمندان (plural)

[kʰɑːɾ.män̪d̪]

[kʰɑːɾ.män̪d̪]

[kʰɑːɾ.män̪d̪]

[kʰɔːɾ.män̪d̪̥]

[kʰɒːɹ.mæn̪d̪̥]

کارمند دولت

office worker, clerk, white-collar worker


جلسه

جلسه • (jalase) (plural جلسات (jalasât))

جلسه گروه

meeting (for a specific purpose, e.g. in a company)


مرکز

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मरकज़ (markaz)

Urdu: مَرْکَز (markaz)

→ Punjabi: markaz

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਕਜ਼

Shahmukhi script: مَرْکَز

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَرْڪَزُ

Devanagari script: मर्कज़ु


قارچ‌ها

قارچها • (qârč-hâ)

قارچها (canonical)
qârč-hâ (romanization)

قارچ قارچ#Persian


نقاب

نقاب • (neqâb)

fa-noun

نقاب • (neqâb)

→ Gujarati: નિકાબ (nikāb)

ای رخ گلناریت رشک مه و آفتاب
حیف چنان عارض روز و شب اندر نقاب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:

O you whose bright red cheeks are the envy of the sun and moon,
What a pity that such cheeks are under a niqab day and night!

ay rux-i gulnārīt rašk-i mah u āftāb
hayf čunān āriz rōz u šab andar niqāb


کوچه‌ها

head

کوچهها • (kuče-hâ)

کوچهها (canonical)
kuče-hâ (romanization)

کوچه کوچه#Persian


کوچه

→ Azerbaijani: küçə

→ Georgian: ქუჩა (kuča)

→ Kazakh: көше (köşe)

→ Kyrgyz: көчө (köcö)

→ Middle Armenian: քուչայ (kʻučʻay)

Armenian: քուչա (kʻučʻa)

→ Turkmen: köçe

→ Uyghur: كوچا (kocha)

→ Uzbek: koʻcha

[kʰoː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[kʰoː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[kʰoː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[kʰʊː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[kʰuː.t͡ʃʰé]

From earlier کویچه (kuyče), from کوی (kôy, “street, alley”) + ـچه (-če).

دلگیرم از این شهر سرد، این کوچههای بیعبور.

2009, شادمهر عقیلی [Shadmehr Aghili], تقدیر [Taqdir]:

I'm saddened by this cold city, these dead-end alleys.

delgiram az in šahr-e sard, in kuče-hâ-ye bi-'obur.


آشپزی

آشپزی • (âšpazi)

fa-noun

آشپزی • (âšpazi)

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰä.zíː]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰä.zíː]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰä.zíː]

[ʔɔːʃ.pʰä.zí]

[ʔɒːʃ.pʰæ.zíː]

[ʔɔʃ.pʰä.zí]


آشپزخانه

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آشپَزخَانه • (âšpazxâne) (plural آشپزخانهها (âšpazxâne-hâ))

آشپَزخَانه (canonical)
âšpazxâne (romanization)
آشپزخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpazxana

desc

→ Armenian: աշպազխանա (ašpazxana), ասպաժխանա (aspažxana)

→ Khalaj: âşpəzxânə

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːʃ.pʰäz.xɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːʃ.pʰæz.xɒː.né]

[ʔɒːʃ.pʰæz.xɒː.né]

[ʔɔʃ.pʰäz.χɔ.nǽ]

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 (bytʾ)
Persian خانه
Persian آشپزخانه
From آشپز (âšpaz) + خانه (xâne).

compound

آشپز (âšpaz) + خانه (xâne)

هر خانه آشپزخانهای دارد.


سمندر

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سَمَنْدَر • (samandar)

fa-noun

سَمَنْدَر • (samandar)

سَمَنْدَر (canonical)
samandar (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: səməndər

→ Malay: semandar

→ Ottoman Turkish: سمندر (semender)

Turkish: semender

Dehkhoda
Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
Persian literature
Persian mythology
University of Tehran Press
folk etymology

Long considered a compound from سام (sâm, “fire, flame”), and اندر (andar, “inside”) by most Persian dictionaries.
This would be etymologically correct because a synonym of salamander in Persian is آذرشین (âzaršin, literally “fire-sitter”) and this animal has been long featured in Persian mythology and Persian literature.
However, Dehkhoda rejects this derivation, and contends that it is folk etymology; as سمندر (samandar), is most likely from Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra). But the origin of the Greek term is uncertain and there is a small possibility that it is from Persian.

9th century, Rudaki
به آتش درون بر مثال سمندر
به آب اندرون بر مثال نهنگان
ba âtaš darôn bar misâl-î samadar, ba âb andarôn bar misâl-î nahangân

in fire like a salamander, in water like a whale

a mythological fire-dwelling creature which will die should it leave the fire


آقایان

head

آقایان • (âqâyân)

[ʔɑː.qɑː.ˈjɑːn]

[ʔɑː.qɑː.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.qɑː.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.qɑː.jɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.qɔː.jɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.ʁɒː.jɒ́ːn]


سرما

سرما • (sarmâ)

fa-noun

سرما • (sarmâ)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (slmʾk' /sarmāg/). Also see the entry for سرد (sard).


اقرار

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اقرار • (eqrâr)

fa-noun

اقرار • (eqrâr)


سرنا

head

سرنا • (sornâ) (plural سرناها (sornâ-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: zurna

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)
Turkish: zurna
→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)
→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)
→ English: zurna
→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)
→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)
→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)
→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)
→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)
Armenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)
→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зу̑рна
Latin script: zȗrna

→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)

Borrowed from an unknown Indo-European cognate of Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (ṡṛṅga, “horn”), Latin cornū, English horn, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (though Kloekhorst disagrees). Folk etymology explains the word as سور (sur, “banquet, feast”) + نای (nây, “pipe, flute, nay”).


دستار

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دستار • (dastâr) (plural دستارها (dastâr-hâ))

dastâr (romanization)
دستارها (plural)
دستار (singular)
dastâr (singular)
دستارها (plural)
dastâr (plural)
دستارا (colloquial plural)
dastârấ (plural)
دستار را (definite direct-object singular)
dastâr râ (definite direct-object singular)
دستار رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
dastâro (definite direct-object singular)
دستارها را (definite direct-object plural)
dastâr (definite direct-object plural)
دستارا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
dastârấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دستار (ezafe singular)
dastâr-e (ezafe singular)
دستارهای (ezafe plural)
dastâr (ezafe plural)
دستارای (colloquial ezafe plural)
dastârấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دستاری (definite relative singular)
دستاری (indefinite singular stressed)
dastâr-i (definite relative singular)
dastâr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دستارهایی (definite plural relative)
دستارهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
dastâr (definite plural relative)
dastâr (indefinite plural stressed)
دستارایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دستارایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
dastârấi (definite plural relative)
dastârấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دستارم (first-person possessive singular)
dastâram (first-person possessive singular)
دستارهایم (first-person possessive singular)
dastâr-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
دستارهام، دستارام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
dastârấm (first-person possessive singular)
دستارت (possessive second-person singular)
dastârat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dastâret (possessive second-person singular)
دستارهایت (possessive second-person singular)
dastâr-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
دستارهات، دستارات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dastârất (possessive second-person singular)
دستارش (possessive singular third-person)
dastâraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dastâreš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارهایش (possessive singular third-person)
dastâr-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارهاش، دستاراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dastârấš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارمان (first-person plural possessive)
dastâremân (first-person plural possessive)
دستارمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dastâremun (first-person plural possessive)
دستارهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
dastâr-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
دستارهامون، دستارامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dastârấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دستارتان (plural possessive second-person)
dastâretân (plural possessive second-person)
دستارتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dastâretun (plural possessive second-person)
دستارهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
dastâr-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
دستارهاتون، دستاراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dastârấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دستارشان (plural possessive third-person)
dastârešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستارشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dastârešun (plural possessive third-person)
دستارهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
dastâr-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستارهاشون، دستاراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dastârấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: দস্তার (dostar)

→ Gujarati: દસ્તાર (dastār)

→ Malay: destar

Indonesian: destar

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستار (destâr)

Turkish: destar

→ Punjabi: دستار (dastar) / ਦਸਤਾਰ (dastār)

→ English: dastar

→ Urdu: دستار (dastār)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[d̪æs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
حسنک پیدا آمد، بیبند، جبهای داشت حبریرنگ با سیاه میزد، خلقگونه و دراعه و ردایی سخت پاکیزه و دستاری نشابوری مالیده و موزهٔ میکاییلی نو در پای و موی سر مالیده، زیر دستار پوشیده کرده اندک مایه پیدا میبود.
hasanak paydā āmad, bē-band, jubba-ē dāšt hibrī-rang bā siyāh mē-zad, xalaq-gūna u durrā'a u ridā-ē saxt pākīza u dastār-ē nešābūrī mālīda u mōza-i mīkā'īlī-i nō dar pāy u mō-i sar mālīda, zīr-i dastār pōšīda karda, andak māya paydā mē-būd.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


چنگ

چنگ • (čang) (plural چنگها (čang-hâ) or چنگان (čangân))

čang (romanization)
چنگها (plural)
چنگان (plural)

→ Armenian: չանգ (čʻang)

→ Azerbaijani: cəng

→ Khalaj: çəng

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”). Compare English hook; also related to Old Armenian ճանկ (čank), Middle Georgian ჭანგი (č̣angi), Iranian borrowings.


چنگ

→ Arabic: جَنْك (jank), جُنْك (junk)

→ Azerbaijani: çəng

→ Burmese: စောင်း (caung:)

→ Mon: စံၚ်

→ Georgian: ჩანგი (čangi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk, çeng)

Turkish: çenk, çeng

Possibly related to the meaning of “claw” and “talon”, from Middle Persian [script needed] (cng /čang/, “harp”). Cognate to Parthian [Manichaean needed] (šng /šang/, “harp”), Sogdian [Manichaean needed] (cyngry’ /čingaryā/), [Manichaean needed] (cngry’ /čangaryā/, “(a kind of) musical instrument, (a kind of) harp”); also related to Arabic صَنْج (ṣanj), a Middle Persian borrowing.


ملاها

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ملاها • (mollâ-hâ)


بندی‌ها

بندیها (canonical)
bandi-hâ (romanization)

بندی بندی#Persian


فرهنگ‌ها

فرهنگها (canonical)
farhang-hâ (romanization)

فرهنگ فرهنگ#Persian


دستگاه‌ها

دستگاهها • (dastgâh-hâ)

دستگاهها (canonical)
dastgâh-hâ (romanization)

دستگاه دستگاه#Persian


نمایندگان

نمایندگان • (namâyandegân)

نماینده نماینده#Persian


پیادگان

پیادگان • (piyâdegân)

پیاده پیاده#Persian


ایرانیان

ایرانیان • (irâniyân)

ایرانی ایرانی#Persian


سینماها

سینماها • (sinamâ-hâ)

سینما سینما#Persian


اطو

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Alternative form of اتو (otu, “clothes iron”)


ویترین

head

ویترین • (vitrin) (plural ویترینها (vitrin-hâ))

vitrine (glass-paneled cabinet or case for displaying articles)


زادگان

زادگان • (zâdegân)

[zɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[zɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[zɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[zɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[zɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[zɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

زاده زاده#Persian


پاساژ

پاساژ • (pâsâž) (plural پاساژها (pâsâž-hâ))

[pʰɒː.sɒ́ːʒ]


بهشت

بِهِشْت • (behešt)

fa-noun

بِهِشْت • (behešt)

بِهِشْت (canonical)
behešt (romanization)

→ Bengali: বেহেশ্ত (beheśt)

desc

→ Gujarati: બિહિશ્ત (bihiśt), બહિશ્ત (bahiśt)

→ Hindi: बिहिश्त (bihiśt), बहिश्त (bahiśt) (rare)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بهشت (behişt)

Turkish: behişt

→ Urdu: بِہِشْت (bihiśt)

[be̞.ɦɪ́ʃt̪]

[be̞.ɦɪ́ʃt̪]

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭩 (wahišt); see there for more. Cognate with Northern Talysh وییشت (vaiišt) and Baluchi گْوَهِشت (gwahišt, “heaven”). Compare Gujarati વહિશ્ત (vahiśt).


دستگاه

head

دَسْتْگاه • (dastgâh) (plural دَستگاهها)

دَسْتْگاه (canonical)
dastgâh (romanization)
دَستگاهها (plural)

→ Armenian: դազգահ (dazgah)

→ Azerbaijani: dəstgah, dəsgah, dəzgah

→ English: dastgah

desctree

→ Georgian: დაზგა (dazga)
→ Bats: დაზგ (dazg)

→ Gujarati: દસ્તગાહ (dastagāh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستكاه (destgah), تزكاه (tezgah)
Turkish: tezgâh
→ Albanian: tezgjah
→ Arabic: تَازِجَة (tāzija)
→ Bulgarian: тезгя́х (tezgjáh)
→ Greek: τεζάκι (tezáki), τεζιάκι (teziáki), τεζάχι (tezáchi), τεζιάχι (teziáchi)
→ Macedonian: тезѓа (tezǵa)
→ Romanian: tejghea
→ Serbo-Croatian: tèzga / тѐзга

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ː]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɔ́ː]

[d̪æst̪.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɔ́ʱ]

دَسْتْگاهِ فُروشِ خودْکار (Iranian Persian)


زنان

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زنان • (zanân)


باقلوا

باقلوا • (bâqlavâ)

fa-noun

باقلوا • (bâqlavâ)

[bɒːʁ.læ.vɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باقلوا (baklava).


اتو

head

اتو • (utū／otu) (plural اتوها (utū／otu-hâ))

From a Turkic source, such as Ottoman Turkish اوتو (ütü), Azerbaijani ütü, Turkmen ütük. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ütüg.