כלב

צֿנאן גשתה וֿגִודש פיש מן כֿאר
כה פנדארם כם אז כלבסת צד באר

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

His existence for me has become so base
That I view him infinitely lower than a dog.

čenin gašte vojud-aš piš-e man xâr
ke pendâram kam az kalb ast sad bâr


هل

From Middle Persian ʾwl (ul, “up(wards)”).


هل

→ Arabic: هَيْل (hayl), هال (hāl)

Hijazi Arabic: هيل (hēl)

→ Middle Armenian: հէլ (hēl), հիլ (hil)

Armenian: հիլ (hil)

→ Azerbaijani: hil (hil)

→ Bashkardi:

Minābi: هیل (hil), هل (hel)

→ Georgian: ილი (ili)

→ Hebrew: הֵל (hel)

→ Pashto: هیل (hale)

From earlier هیل (hil), ultimately from Sanskrit एला (elā), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *ēla.


ملا

head

ملا • (mollâ) (plural ملایان (mollâyân) or ملاها (mollâ-hâ))

mollâ (romanization)
ملایان (plural)
ملاها (plural)

Dari: ملا (mullā)

Iranian Persian: ملا (mollâ)

Tajik: мулло (mullo)

→ Arabic: مُلَّا (mullā)

→ Azerbaijani: molla

→ Bengali: মোল্লা (mōlla)

→ English: mullah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुल्ला (mullā)

Urdu: مُلّا (mullā)

→ Indonesian: mullah

→ Japanese: ムッラー (murra)

→ Kazakh: молда (molda)

→ Korean: 물라 (mulla)

→ Kumyk: молла (molla)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مەلا (mela)

Northern Kurdish: mela

→ Kyrgyz: молдо (moldo)

→ Punjabi: ਮੁੱਲਾ (mullā)

→ Punjabi: ਸੁੱਲ (sulla), ਸੁੱਲੀ (sullī)

→ English: sulli

→ Serbo-Croatian: mula／мула

→ Spanish: mulá

→ Turkish: molla

→ Ukrainian: мулла́ (mullá)

Borrowed from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan). Doublet of مولا (mowlâ).


مؤذن

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


امام

head

اِمام • (emâm) (plural اَئمه (a'emme) or اِمامان (emâmân))

اِمام (canonical)
emâm (romanization)
اَئمه (plural)
اِمامان (plural)

→ Gujarati: ઇમામ (imām)


جهاد

جِهاد • (jehâd)

fa-noun

جِهاد • (jehâd)

[d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːð]

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́d̪]


زبان

head

زبان • (zabân, zobân) (plural زبانها (zabân-hâ))

zabân (romanization)
zobân (romanization)
زبانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: zəban

→ Bengali: জবান (joban)

→ Rohingya:

Latin script: zuban

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴎𐴟𐴁𐴝𐴕 (zuban)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़बान (zabān)

desctree

Urdu: زَبَان (zabān), زُباں (zubā̃) — poetic
→ Phalura: zabaán

→ Kashmiri: زَبان (zabān)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ਬਾਨ (zabān)

→ Sylheti: ꠎꠛꠣꠘ (zoban)

→ Uzbek: zabon

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ŠNA) / [script needed] (ʾwzwʾn' /uzwān/) (Middle Persian 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʿzwʾn /izwān/)), from Proto-Iranian *hižwáH (compare Northern Kurdish ziman, Pashto ژبه (žəba), Avestan 𐬵𐬍𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hīzuuā)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā), Urdu جِیبھ (jībh) / Hindi जीभ (jībh)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (compare Old Prussian insuwis, Russian язы́к (jazýk), French langue, English tongue).

inh+

بَر زَبَان نَامِ حَقّ و دَر جَانِ او گَنْدهَا اَز فِکْرِ بیاِیمَانِ او

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 269:

On his tongue the name of God, and in his soul stenches from his infidel thought.

bar zabān nām-i haqq u dar jān-i ō gand-hā az fikr-i bē-īmān-i ō

در زبان اردو، این کلمه به معنی « بزرگ » است.

In the Urdu language, this word means "big".

dar zabân-e ordu, in kalame be ma'ni-ye "bozorg" ast.

اَی بَسَا هِنْدُو و تُرْکِ هَم زَبَان اَی بَسَا دُو تُرْک چون بیگَانَگَان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 1206:

Oh, many are the Indians and Turks that speak the same tongue; oh, many the pair of Turks that are as strangers [to each other].

ay basā hindū u turk-i ham zabān ay basā dū turk čōn bēgānagān

بَرَهْمَن اَز لَبِ هِنْدِی نَژَادَان نُکْتَه میسَنْجَد زَبَانِ پَارْسِی و تُرْکِی و تَازِی نَمیدَانَد.

c. 1650, Čandra Bhān, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan]:

[This] brahman weighs his subtle wits with lips of Hindi lineage; he knows not the Persian nor the Turkish nor the Arabic tongues.

barahman az lab-i hindī nažādān nukta mē-sanjad zabān-i pārsī u turkī u tāzī namē-dānad.

وَ یَزْدَان بَهْرِ آبَاد نَامِهای فِرِسْتَاد دَسَاتیرِ نَام کِه دَر او هَر دَانِش و هَمِه زَبَان بود.

c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:

And God sent for Ābād's sake a book, Dasātir by name, within which there is all knowledge and every language.

va yazdân bahr-e âbâd nâme-i ferestâd dasâtir-e nâm ke dar u har dâneš o hame zabân bud.


مزاج

[mɪ.zɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[mɪ.zɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[mɪ.zɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

در علاجش سحر مطلق را ببین
در مزاجش قدرت حق را ببین

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 65:

In his remedy behold absolute magic, in his temperament behold the might of God!

dar ilāj-aš sihr-i mutlaq rā bibēn
dar mizāj-aš qudrat-i haq rā bibēn


رشد

head

رشد • (rošd)

fa-noun

رشد • (rošd)

Borrowed from Arabic رُشْد (rušd). Semantics from رستن (rostan).


چراغ

head

چراغ • (čerâğ) (plural چراغها (čerâğ-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: çıraq / чыраг / چیراق

→ Bengali: চেরাগ (cerag)

→ Georgian: ჩირაღი (čiraɣi)

→ Gujarati: ચિરાગ (cirāg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चिराग़ (cirāġ)

Urdu: چراغ (cirāġ)

→ Kazakh: шырақ (şyraq)

→ Khalaj: çirâğ

→ Ossetian: цырагъ (cyraǧ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چراغ (çerâg, çirâg), چراق (çırak)
Turkish: çırak
→ Albanian: çirak
→⇒ Egyptian Arabic: إشراقة (išrāqa), أشراقة (ašrāqa)
→ Armenian: չրախ (čʻrax), չրաղ (čʻraġ)
→ Aromanian: cirac, cireac
→ Bulgarian: чира́к (čirák)
→ Crimean Tatar: şıraq
→ Greek: τσιράκι (tsiráki)
→ Macedonian: чирак (čirak)
→ Romanian: cirac
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чѝрак
Latin script: čìrak

→ Uzbek: chiroq

→ Uyghur: چىراق (chiraq)

[t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰi.ɾɔːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɾɔːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰe.ɹɒːɢ̥]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɹɒːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫝𐫡𐫀𐫃 (crʾg /čirāγ/, “lamp”). Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (clʾγ), 𐫝𐫡𐫀𐫍 (crʾh /čirāγ/, “lamp”), Sogdian [script needed] (crʾʾγ /čarāγ/), Ossetian цырагъ (cyraǧ). Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճրագ (črag), Classical Syriac ܫܪܓܐ (šərāḡāʾ), Arabic سِرَاج (sirāj).

der

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čitrás (“bright, shining”)


حسن

حسن اخلاق

حسن اجرای قوانین

goodness, pleasingness; (with the ezâfe) proper, good

حسن روزافزون


سنت

head

سُنَّت • (sonnat) (plural سنتها (sonnat-hâ))

سُنَّت (canonical)
sonnat (romanization)
سنتها (plural)

(Islam) circumcision (excising the foreskin from the penis)


مسجد

مَسجِد • (masjed) (plural مساجد (masâjed) or مسجدها (masjed-hâ))

مَسجِد (canonical)
masjed (romanization)
مساجد (plural)
مسجدها (plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic س ج د (s j d)
Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada)
Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid)bor.
Persian مسجدBorrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


شمس

head

شمس • (šams)

fa-noun

شمس • (šams)


مسلم

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim).. Doublet of مسلمان (mosalmân).

مسلمان مسلمان#Persian

(uncommon) Synonym of مسلمان (mosalmân, “Muslim”).


سلام

head

سلام • (salâm)

fa-noun

سلام • (salâm)

→ Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)

→ Gujarati: સલામ (salām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सलाम (salām)

Urdu: سلام (salām)

→ Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)

→ Kyrgyz: салам (salam)

→ Marathi: सलाम (salām)

→ Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)

→ Nepali: सलाम (salām)

→ Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)

→ Pashto: سلام (salām)

→ Sindhi: (salāmu)

Arabic script: سَلامُ

Devanagari script: सलामु

→ Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)

→ Turkmen: salam, selam

→ Uyghur: سالام (salam)

→ Uzbek: salom

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).

bor+

به بارگاه تو چون باد را نباشد بار
کی اتفاق مجال سلام ما افتد

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 114”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

When even the wind has no right to pass through your reception room,
How should the opportunity for me to say hello ever come to pass?

ba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār
kay ittifāq-i majāl-i salām-i mā uftad

(Islam) the salam uttered at the end of prayer


اردو

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”) (see Azerbaijani ordu, Turkish ordu, Turkmen orda). Compare horde.


اسم

head

اسم • (esm) (plural اسمها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi) or اَسْماء (asmâ'))

esm (romanization)
اسمها (plural)
اسامی (plural)
اَسْماء (plural)

→ Chagatai: اسم

Uzbek: ism

Uyghur: ئىسىم (isim)

→ Gujarati: ઇસમ (isam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इस्म (isma)

Urdu: اِسْم (ism)

→ Kannada: ಇಸಮು (isamu)

→ Marathi: इसम (isam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسم (ism, isim)

Turkish: isim

این اسناد شامل اسامی قاتلان نیکا و فرماندهان ارشدی است که سعی کردند واقعیت این ماجرا را مخفی کنند.

2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

These documents contain the names of Nika's murderers and the senior commanders who attempted to hide the truth behind the incident.

in asnâd šâmel-e asâmi-ye qâtelân-e nikâ va farmândehân-e aršâdi ast ke sa'y kardand vâqe'iyat-e in mâjarâ râ maxfi konand.


نام

nâm (romanization)
نامها (plural)
نام (singular)
nâm (singular)
نامها (plural)
nâm-hấ (plural)
ناما (colloquial plural)
nâmấ (plural)
نام را (definite direct-object singular)
nâm râ (definite direct-object singular)
نام رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nâmo (definite direct-object singular)
نامها را (definite direct-object plural)
nâm-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ناما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nâmấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نام (ezafe singular)
nâm-e (ezafe singular)
نامهای (ezafe plural)
nâm-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نامای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nâmấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نامی (definite relative singular)
نامی (indefinite singular stressed)
nâm-i (definite relative singular)
nâm-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نامهایی (definite plural relative)
نامهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nâmấn-i, nâm-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nâmấn-i, nâm-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نامایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نامایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nâmấi (definite plural relative)
nâmấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نامم (first-person possessive singular)
nâmam (first-person possessive singular)
نامهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nâm-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نامهام، نامام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nâmấm (first-person possessive singular)
نامت (possessive second-person singular)
nâmat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nâmet (possessive second-person singular)
نامهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nâm-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نامهات، نامات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nâmất (possessive second-person singular)
نامش (possessive singular third-person)
nâmaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nâmeš (possessive singular third-person)
نامهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nâm-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نامهاش، ناماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nâmấš (possessive singular third-person)
ناممان (first-person plural possessive)
nâmemân (first-person plural possessive)
ناممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nâmemun (first-person plural possessive)
نامهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nâm-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نامهامون، نامامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nâmấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نامتان (plural possessive second-person)
nâmetân (plural possessive second-person)
نامتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nâmetun (plural possessive second-person)
نامهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nâm-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نامهاتون، ناماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nâmấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نامشان (plural possessive third-person)
nâmešân (plural possessive third-person)
نامشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nâmešun (plural possessive third-person)
نامهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nâm-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نامهاشون، ناماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nâmấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نام (singular)
nām (singular)
نامها (plural)
nām-hā́ (plural)
نام را (definite direct-object singular)
nām rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
نام ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nāma (definite direct-object singular)
نامها را (definite direct-object plural)
nām-hā́ rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
ناما ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nāmā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
نام (singular)
nām-i (singular)
نامهای (plural)
nām-hā́-yi (plural)
نامای (Dari colloquial plural)
nāmā́-yi (plural)
نامی (singular)
nām-ē (singular)
نامهایی (plural)
nāmā́n-ē, nām-hā́-ē (plural)
نامایی (Dari colloquial plural)
nāmā́-yē (plural)
نامم (first-person possessive singular)
nāmam (first-person possessive singular)
نامهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nām-hā́yam (first-person possessive singular)
نامایم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nāmā́ym (first-person possessive singular)
نامت (possessive second-person singular)
nāmat (possessive second-person singular)
نامهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nām-hā́yat (possessive second-person singular)
نامایت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nāmā́yt (possessive second-person singular)
نامش (possessive singular third-person)
nāmaš (possessive singular third-person)
نامشِی (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nāmšī (possessive singular third-person)
نامهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nām-hā́yaš (possessive singular third-person)
نامایش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nāmā́yš (possessive singular third-person)
ناممان (first-person plural possessive)
nāmimān (first-person plural possessive)
نامما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nāmimā (first-person plural possessive)
نامهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nām-hā́yimān (first-person plural possessive)
نامایما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nāmā́ymā (first-person plural possessive)
نامتان (plural possessive second-person)
nāmitān (plural possessive second-person)
نامهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nām-hā́yitān (plural possessive second-person)
نامایتان (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nāmā́ytān (plural possessive second-person)
نامشان (plural possessive third-person)
nāmišān (plural possessive third-person)
نامهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nām-hā́yišān (plural possessive third-person)
نامایشان (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nāmā́yšān (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian ŠM (/nām/), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎠𐎶 (n-a-m /nāma/), from Proto-Iranian *Hnā́ma (compare Northern Kurdish nav, Pashto نوم (nūm), Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥- (nāman-)) from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma (compare Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), Hindi नाम (nām)/Urdu نام (nām)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”) (compare Greek όνομα (ónoma), Italian nome, Tocharian A ñom, Armenian անուն (anun), and English name).


فارسی

فارْسی • (fârsi)

fa-noun

فارْسی • (fârsi)

→ Catalan: farsi

→ Czech: (uncommon) fársí

→ English: Farsi

→ Finnish: farsi

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ (fārsī)

→ Turkish: Fars

From Arabic فَارِسِيّ (fārisiyy), from Early New Persian پَارْسِی (pārsī, “Persian, Persic”).

بَرادَرِ شُوْهَرِش فارْسی بَلَدِه.

Persian (the language of modern Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and widely spoken in Uzbekistan).

Persian (the language of Ancient Persia).

فارْسی هَسْتیم.


زوج

Borrowed from Arabic زَوْج (zawj). Doublet of یوغ (joğ, juğ, “yoke”), also related to جُفت (joft).

(of days of the week) of which the Persian-language name begins with an even number


سامانه

head

سامانه • (sâmâne) (plural سامانهها (sâmâne-hâ))

From سامان + ـه.

بی سامانه

سامان سامان#Persian

(rare) Alternative form of سامان (sâmân)


نسخ

(calligraphy) Naskh (style of calligraphy)


میوه

میوه • (mive or mêwa) (plural میوهجات (mive-jât) or میوهها (mive-hâ))

mive (romanization)
mêwa (romanization)
میوهجات (plural)
میوهها (plural)

→ Assamese: মেৱা (mewa)

desctree

→ Chagatai: میوه
Uyghur: مېۋە (mëwe)
Uzbek: meva

→ Gujarati: મેવો (mevo)

→ Gulf Arabic: ميوة (mēwa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मेवा (mevā)

Urdu: میوَہ (meva)

→ Kazakh: мәуе (mäue)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: میوه (meyve)

Azerbaijani: meyvə

Ottoman Turkish: میوه (meyve), մէյվէ (meyve) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: meyve
→ Serbo-Croatian: mȉva／ми̏ва

→ Crimean Tatar: meyva

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭩𐭥𐭪 (mēwag, “fruit”), and within Iranian, related to Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫇 (myw /mēw/), Baluchi نیوَگ (nēwag, “fruit”), and Parthian 𐫖𐫏𐫃𐫅 (mygd /miɣẟ/) and 𐫖𐫏𐫃𐫅𐫃 (mygdg /miɣẟag/, “fruit”).
The term is traditionally derived from Proto-Iranian *madvī- and further from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, wine, mead”). However, Henning rejects this derivation, instead deriving the proto-form as *migda- and taking it as borrowed from Proto-Semitic *m-g-d- (“fruit”).

der

ز آن نداری میوهای مانند بید
کآبرو بردی پی نان سپید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3878:

Like the willow, thou hast no fruit,
because thou hast lost thine honour for the sake of white bread.

za ān na-dārī mēwa-ē mānand-i bēd
k-ābirū burdi pay-i nān-i sapēd


چشم

head

چَشْم or چِشْم • (čašm or češm) (plural چشمان (čašmân) or چشمها (čašm-hâ))

چَشْم (canonical)
چِشْم (canonical)
čašm (romanization)
češm (romanization)
چشمان (plural)
چشمها (plural)
چشم (singular)
čéšm (singular)
چشمان، چشمها (plural)
češmấn, češm-hấ (plural)
چشما (colloquial plural)
češmấ (plural)
چشم را (definite direct-object singular)
čéšm râ (definite direct-object singular)
چشم رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
čéšmo (definite direct-object singular)
چشمان را، چشمها را (definite direct-object plural)
češmấn râ, češm-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
چشما رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
češmấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
چشم (ezafe singular)
čéšm-e (ezafe singular)
چشمان، چشمهای (ezafe plural)
češmấn-e, češm-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چشمای (colloquial ezafe plural)
češmấ-ye (ezafe plural)
چشمی (definite relative singular)
چشمی (indefinite singular stressed)
čéšm-i (definite relative singular)
čéšm-i (indefinite singular stressed)
چشمانی، چشمهایی (definite plural relative)
چشمانی، چشمهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
češmấn-i, češm-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
češmấn-i, češm-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
چشمایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
چشمایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
češmấi (definite plural relative)
češmấi (indefinite plural stressed)
چشمم (first-person possessive singular)
čéšmam (first-person possessive singular)
چشمانم (first-person possessive singular)
češmấnam (first-person possessive singular)
چشمام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
češmấm (first-person possessive singular)
چشمت (possessive second-person singular)
čéšmat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
čéšmet (possessive second-person singular)
چشمانت (possessive second-person singular)
češmấnat (possessive second-person singular)
چشمات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
češmất (possessive second-person singular)
چشمش (possessive singular third-person)
čéšmaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
čéšmeš (possessive singular third-person)
چشمانش (possessive singular third-person)
češmấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
چشماش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
češmấš (possessive singular third-person)
چشممان (first-person plural possessive)
čéšmemân (first-person plural possessive)
چشممون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
čéšmemun (first-person plural possessive)
چشمانمان (first-person plural possessive)
češmấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
چشمامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
češmấmun (first-person plural possessive)
چشمتان (plural possessive second-person)
čéšmetân (plural possessive second-person)
چشمتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
čéšmetun (plural possessive second-person)
چشمانتان (plural possessive second-person)
češmấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
چشماتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
češmấtun (plural possessive second-person)
چشمشان (plural possessive third-person)
čéšmešân (plural possessive third-person)
چشمشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
čéšmešun (plural possessive third-person)
چشمانشان (plural possessive third-person)
češmấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
چشماشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
češmấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: চশম (cośom)

→ Gujarati: ચશ્મ (caśma), ચશમ (caśam)

→ Hindi: चश्म (caśma)

→ Urdu: چَشْم (caśm)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (AYNE), [script needed] (čšm /čašm/), from Proto-Iranian *čášma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma. Cognate with Sanskrit चक्षस् (cakṣas).

cheshmat, Mehrnoosh
میدونستی که توی چشمای تو رنگینکمون رو میشه دید؟
mi-dunesti ke tu-ye češmâ-ye to rangin-kamun ro mi-še did?
Did you know that in your eyes the rainbow can be seen?
چشمان قشنگ سبزش هیچوقت از خاطرم نمیروند.
češmân-e qašang-e sabzaš hič-vaqt az xâteram nemi-ravand.

I'll never forget his/her beautiful green eyes.


باغ وحش

باغِ وَحْش • (bâğ-e vahš) (plural باغ وحشها (bâğ-e vahš-hâ))

باغِ وَحْش (canonical)
bâğ-e vahš (romanization)
باغ وحشها (plural)

[bɒːɢ.e væɦʃ]


کرنا

کرنا • (karnâ)

fa-noun

کرنا • (karnâ)


مترجم

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مُتَرجِم • (motarjem) (plural مُتَرجِمان (motarjemân) or مُتَرجِمین (motarjemin) or مُتَرجِمها (motarjem-hâ))

مُتَرجِم (canonical)
motarjem (romanization)
مُتَرجِمان (plural)
مُتَرجِمین (plural)
مُتَرجِمها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim).


ایتالیایی

head

ایتالیایی • (itâliyâyi) (plural ایتالیاییها (itâliyâyi-hâ))

itâliyâyi (romanization)
ایتالیاییها (plural)


زیست‌شناسی

زیستشناسی • (zist-šenâsi)

fa-noun

زیستشناسی • (zist-šenâsi)

زیستشناسی (canonical)
zist-šenâsi (romanization)

From زیست (“zist”) + ـشناسی (“-šenâsi”).

af

زیست (“zist”) + ـشناسی (“-šenâsi”)


ر

(music) D, Re (the second note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Re (the second note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the supertonic)


پاد

From Middle Persian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).


جهان

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جهان • (jahân) (plural جهانها (jahân-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: cahan

→ Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)

→ Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)

→ Bengali: জাহান (jahan)

→ Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जहान (jahān)

Urdu: جہان (jahān)

→ Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)

→ Malay: johan

Indonesian: johan

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan)
Turkish: cihan

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)

Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)

→ Rohingya: jáhan

→ Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan

→ Uzbek: jahon

→ Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from Proto-Iranian *gayθānām, the genitive plural form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā- (“living, existence”) (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁- (gaēθā-, “world; creature”)), equivalent to Middle Persian [script needed] (gēh) + [script needed] (ān), with the former component from Proto-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).
The original meaning of the word in Old Iranian and Middle Persian was (worldly) creatures, but the term in late Middle Persian and in Modern Persian came to mean ‘world’ in general.
Doublet of کیهان (keyhân).

der

جَهانِ آزاد

تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:

[…] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān


واحد

head

واحد • (vâhed)

fa-noun

واحد • (vâhed)


نان

→ Baluchi: نان (nán) (reborrowing)

→ Bengali: নান (nan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नान (nān)

Urdu: نان (nān)

→ Kazakh: нан (nan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نان (nan)

Turkish: nan

→ Pashto: نان (nān) (reborrowing)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਨ (nān)

→ Sindhi: نان (nānu)

desctree

→ Uyghur: نان (nan)
→ Mandarin: 饢／馕 (náng)

→ Uzbek: non

From Middle Persian LHMA (nān, “bread, food”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *nagna- (“naked bread (bread that was baked without ash)”) (antonym: *nikāna- "buried bread (bread that was baked in ash)".
Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nγn- /naγn/, “bread”), Manichaean Parthian ngn (naγn), Khotanese [script needed] (nāṃji), Northern Kurdish nan, Zazaki nan, Central Kurdish نان (nan), Northern Luri نۆ (nø), Baluchi نگن (nagan), Pashto نغن (naγan), Laki نان (nan), Natanzi نون (nun), Gurani [script needed] (nāna), [script needed] (nān, “bread, food”), Sanskrit नग्नहु (nagnahu), and possibly the Old Armenian loanword նկան (nkan).

cog

نان بربری

نان تافتان

نان سنگک

نان لواش

نان تست

همچو دیو از وی فرشته میگریخت
بهر نانی چند آب چشم ریخت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 16:

The angels were fleeing from him [Adam] as from a devil:
how many tears did he shed for the sake of a single loaf!

hamčō dēw az way farišta mē-gurēxt
bahr-i nān-ē čand āb čašm rēxt

bread, including the kind called naan in English and any other kind of bread


الله

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اَلله • (allâh)

fa-noun

اَلله • (allâh)

Borrowed from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


اجاق

[ʔu.ˈd͡ʒɑːq]

[ʔʊ.d͡ʒɑ́ːq]

[ʔʊ.d͡ʒɑ́ːq]

[ʔʊ.d͡ʒɑ́ːq]

[ʔu.d͡ʒɔ́ːq]

[ʔo.d͡ʒɒ́ːɢ̥]

A Turkic borrowing which displaced the native formation دیگدان (dêgdân, “stove”) in Iranian Persian. Compare Azerbaijani ocaq, Ottoman Turkish اوجاق (ocak).


نجار

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: نجار (najjār)

[nad͡ʒ.ˈd͡ʒɑːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ːɾ]

[næd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɒ́ːɹ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ɾ]


جمال

head

جمال • (jamâl)

fa-noun

جمال • (jamâl)

[d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]

[d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]

[d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]

[d͡ʒä.mɔ́ːl̥]

[d͡ʒæ.mɒ́ːl̥]


رمضان

ramazân (romanization)
ramzân (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).


زمین‌شناسی

head

زمینشناسی • (zamin-šenâsi)

fa-noun

زمینشناسی • (zamin-šenâsi)

زمینشناسی (canonical)
zamin-šenâsi (romanization)

From زمین + ـشناسی.

af

زمین + ـشناسی

fa:زمین‌شناسی


من

From Middle Persian, from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû).


قاموس

head

قاموس • (qâmus)

fa-noun

قاموس • (qâmus)

Borrowed from Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).


حرف

head

حَرْف • (harf) (plural حرفها (harf-hâ) or حروف (horuf))

حَرْف (canonical)
harf (romanization)
حرفها (plural)
حروف (plural)

ز حرف عین چشم او ز ظرف جیم گوش او

c. 1250, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, دیوان شمس [Divān-i Shams-i Tabrīzī]:

Her eye, from the letter of ʿayn [the Arabic letter ع, connective عـ]; her ear, from the vessel of jīm [the Arabic letter ج]

ze harf-e 'eyn čašm-e u ze zarf-e jim guš-e u

چگونه گفت اندر روی شاه این چنین گستاخ آن حرف تباه؟

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2725:

How durst he say those vain words so impudently in the face of the king?

čegune goft andar ru-ye šah in čonin gostâx ân harf-e tebâh?


حرف

حرفه حرفه#Persian


کتاب لغت

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ː.bɪ lʊ.ɣǽt̪]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ː.bɪ lʊ.ɣǽt̪]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ː.bɪ lʊ.ɣǽt̪]


حیوان

حِیْوان • (heyvân) (plural حیوانات (heyvânât) or حیوانان (heyvânân))

حِیْوان (canonical)
heyvân (romanization)
حیوانات (plural)
حیوانان (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān).

حیوان وحشی

(offensive) beast, brute; person who behaves wildly

آب حیوان

آب حیوان خوان مخوان این را سخن / روح نو بین در تن حرف کهن

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2596:

Call it the Water of Life, call it not a discourse: behold the new spirit in the body of the old letter!.

âb-i-haywân xwân maxwân en râ suxan / rûh-i-naw ben dar tan-i-harf-i-kuhan

(literary) life, vital force; (in particular) eternal life


ترکی

تُرْکی • (torki)

fa-noun

تُرْکی • (torki)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुर्की (turkī)

Urdu: تُرْکِی (turkī)

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰoɹ.kʰʲíː]


قمر

head

قمر • (qamar) (plural اقمار (aqmâr) or قمرها (qamar-hâ))

qamar (romanization)
اقمار (plural)
قمرها (plural)


صدر

something principal; something chief; something foremost

(historical) High-ranking title in medieval and Early Modern Iran:

From the eleventh century to circa 1370, a title used for any high-ranking official.

From circa 1370 to 1800, the chief minister of religious affairs, who was in charge of the Islamic judiciary and the operation of charitable funds.

صدر اعظم
صدر اعظم#Persian

Under Qajar rule in the nineteenth century, again a generic prestigious title, but especially short for صدر اعظم (sadr-e a'zam, “grand vizier.”)


باب

چون تو بابی آن مدینهی علم را
چون شعاعی آفتاب حلم را

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3763:

Since thou art the gate of the city of Knowledge,
since thou art the beams of the sun of Clemency

čōn tū bāb-ī ān madīna-i 'ilm rā
čōn šu'ā'ī āftāb-i hilm rā


بان

From Middle Persian [script needed] (-pʾn' /-bān/, “-keeper, -guard”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”). Related to پاییدن (pâyidan). Also compare Old Armenian -պան (-pan).


بان

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to clothe, wear, put on”). Compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhana), 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhāna, “cover”).


بان

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit बाण (bāṇa).


بان

بانگ بانگ#Persian

Alternative form of بانگ (bâng, “voice”)


چامه‌سرایی

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چامهسرایی • (čâme-sarâyi)

fa-noun

چامهسرایی • (čâme-sarâyi)

چامهسرایی (canonical)
čâme-sarâyi (romanization)

[t͡ʃʰɑː.mä.sä.ɾɑː.jiː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.mä.sä.ɾɑː.jiː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.mä.sä.ɾɑː.jiː]

From چامه + سرا + ی.

compound

چامه + سرا + ی


زمستان

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زمستان • (zemestân) (plural زمستانها (zemestân-hâ))

zemestân (romanization)
زمستانها (plural)

desc

→ Gujarati: ઝમિસ્થાન (jhamisthān) (partial calque)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (ẕmstʾn' /zamestān/), from Proto-Iranian *jimáh + Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (whence the suffix, ـِستَان (-estân, “-stan”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”).
Cognate with Northern Kurdish zivistan, Ossetian зымӕг (zymæg), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Latin hiems, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Pashto ژمی (žaməy) / Pashto زمی (zaməy).


نار

→ Azerbaijani: nar

→ Bulgarian: нар (nar)

→ Gujarati: નાર (nār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نار (nâr)
Turkish: nar
→ Adyghe: нарэ (narɛ)
→ Kabardian: нары (narə)
→ Laz: ნარი (nari)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: нар
Latin script: nar


نار

→ Gujarati: નાર (nār)


لسان

head

لسان • (lesân) (plural السنه (alsene) or لسانها (lesân-hâ))

lesân (romanization)
السنه (plural)
لسانها (plural)


موز

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭬 𐭅 𐭆 (mwc /mōz/), from an earlier Middle Persian mōč, from Sanskrit मोच (moca), derived from Dravidian (compare Tamil மோத்தை (mōttai, “banana flower”), from Malayo-Polynesian (see Dobel muɁu, Manggarai muku), from Trans-New Guinea (see Fataluku muɁu, Mosimo mugu) and lastly from Proto-Trans-New Guinea *mugu.
The Arsacid/Early Middle Persian consonant č when occurring after a vowel went through a lenition process resulting in z by the end of Sassanid time, because of this it is highly unlikely this word is a loanword from Arabic as what would be borrowed exactly. Although there might have been an influence in the pronunciation of aw instead of native ō.


کس

From Middle Persian AYŠ (kas, “person, somebody”).

inh

چون کسی کاو از مرض گل داشت دوست، گر چه پندارد که آن خود قوت اوست، قوت اصلی را فرامش کرده است، روی در قوت مرض آورده است.

c. 1260, Rumi, “2:1080−1081”, in The Masnavi:

As [in the case of] one who from disease has become fond of [eating] clay—though he may suppose that that [clay] is indeed his [natural] food, he has [in reality] forgotten his original food and has betaken himself to the food of disease.

čon kas-i k-u az maraz gel dâšt dust, gar če pendârad ke ân xod qut-e u-st, qut-e asli-râ farâmoš karde ast, ruy dar qut-e maraz âvorde ast.

one, person, somebody (in relative clauses)


کس

→ Arabic: كُس (kus)

→ Hebrew: כּוּס (kus)

→ Urdu: کُس (kus)

From Proto-Indo-European *kuḱis (“(female) pubic hair; vulva”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish quz (“vagina, vulva, cunt, pussy”), Hawrami [script needed] (kʷsî, “vulva”), Lithuanian kūšỹs (“pubic hair, vulva”) and Latvian kūsis (“pubic hair, vulva”). Possibly a euphemism from the older meaning "belly", preserved in Sanskrit कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly”), in Sogdian qwšy (“side (e.g. of the body)”) and in Persian کشتی (kuštī, “girdle”). Old Armenian կոյս (koys, “virgin”) may be an Iranian borrowing. Note also Ancient Greek κυσός (kusós, “vagina; anus”).


قبرستان

head

قبرستان • (qabrestân) (plural قبرستانها (qabrestân-hâ))

qabrestân (romanization)
قبرستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કબ્રસ્તાન (kabrastān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬਰਸਤਾਨ (kabarstān)

Shahmukhi script: قبرستان (qabarstān)

From قَبْر (qabr, “grave”) + ـسْتان (-stân, “place”).


پارسی

head

پارسی • (pârsi)

fa-noun

پارسی • (pârsi)

Inherited from Middle Persian pʾlsyk' (pārsīg, “Persian”) (Pārs [Persia] + suffix -īg; "Persian"), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa, “Persia”). Compare Old Armenian պարսիկ (parsik).

inh+

من ایرانیام و زبانم «پارسی» است.

I am Iranian and my language is "Persian".

بسی رنج بردم در این سال سی ـــ عجم زنده کردم بدین پارسی
basi ranj burdam dar ēn sāl-si -- ajam zinda kardam bad-ēn pârsi
“I endured much pain and strife during these thirty years -- I breathed life to the Ajam with this Parsi"


بالغ

head

بالغ • (bâleğ) (plural بالغان (bâleğân) or بالغها (bâleğ-hâ))

bâleğ (romanization)
بالغان (plural)
بالغها (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਲਗ (bālag)

Shahmukhi script: بالغ (bālaġ)


بالغ

بالغ • (bâloğ)

fa-noun

بالغ • (bâloğ)

From an Eastern Iranian language. Probably cognate with Sanskrit पात्र (pātra). Also perhaps akin to Turkish bardak, an Iranian borrowing.


بحر

head

بَحْر • (bahr)

fa-noun

بَحْر • (bahr)


گورستان

head

گورِسْتان • (gurestân)

fa-noun

گورِسْتان • (gurestân)

گورِسْتان (canonical)
gurestân (romanization)

→ Middle Armenian: գօռըստան (gōṙəstan)

desc

→ Gujarati: ગોરિસ્તાન (goristān), ગોરસ્તાન (gorastān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोरिस्तान (goristān)

Urdu: گورِسْتان (goristān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰਸਤਾਨ (gorastān)

Shahmukhi script: گورستان (gorastān)

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡ̥uː.ɹes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From گور (gôr, “grave”) + ـسْتان (-stân, “place”).


رنگ

rang (romanization)
رنگها (plural)
رنگ (singular)
rang (singular)
رنگها (plural)
rang-hấ (plural)
رنگا (colloquial plural)
rangấ (plural)
رنگ را (definite direct-object singular)
rang râ (definite direct-object singular)
رنگ رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
rango (definite direct-object singular)
رنگها را (definite direct-object plural)
rang-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
رنگا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
rangấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
رنگ (ezafe singular)
rang-e (ezafe singular)
رنگهای (ezafe plural)
rang-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
رنگای (colloquial ezafe plural)
rangấ-ye (ezafe plural)
رنگی (definite relative singular)
رنگی (indefinite singular stressed)
rang-i (definite relative singular)
rang-i (indefinite singular stressed)
رنگهایی (definite plural relative)
رنگهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
rangấn-i, rang-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
rangấn-i, rang-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
رنگایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
رنگایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
rangấi (definite plural relative)
rangấi (indefinite plural stressed)
رنگم (first-person possessive singular)
rangam (first-person possessive singular)
رنگهایم (first-person possessive singular)
rang-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
رنگهام، رنگام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
rangấm (first-person possessive singular)
رنگت (possessive second-person singular)
rangat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ranget (possessive second-person singular)
رنگهایت (possessive second-person singular)
rang-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
رنگهات، رنگات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rangất (possessive second-person singular)
رنگش (possessive singular third-person)
rangaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rangeš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگهایش (possessive singular third-person)
rang-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگهاش، رنگاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rangấš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگمان (first-person plural possessive)
rangemân (first-person plural possessive)
رنگمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rangemun (first-person plural possessive)
رنگهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
rang-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
رنگهامون، رنگامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rangấmun (first-person plural possessive)
رنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
rangetân (plural possessive second-person)
رنگتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rangetun (plural possessive second-person)
رنگهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
rang-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
رنگهاتون، رنگاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rangấtun (plural possessive second-person)
رنگشان (plural possessive third-person)
rangešân (plural possessive third-person)
رنگشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rangešun (plural possessive third-person)
رنگهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
rang-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
رنگهاشون، رنگاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rangấšun (plural possessive third-person)
رنگ (singular)
rang (singular)
رنگها (plural)
rang-hā́ (plural)
رنگ را (definite direct-object singular)
rang rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
رنگ ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
ranga (definite direct-object singular)
رنگها را (definite direct-object plural)
rang-hā́ rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
رنگا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
rangā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
رنگ (singular)
rang-i (singular)
رنگهای (plural)
rang-hā́-yi (plural)
رنگای (Dari colloquial plural)
rangā́-yi (plural)
رنگی (singular)
rang-ē (singular)
رنگهایی (plural)
rangā́n-ē, rang-hā́-ē (plural)
رنگایی (Dari colloquial plural)
rangā́-yē (plural)
رنگم (first-person possessive singular)
rangam (first-person possessive singular)
رنگهایم (first-person possessive singular)
rang-hā́yam (first-person possessive singular)
رنگایم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
rangā́ym (first-person possessive singular)
رنگت (possessive second-person singular)
rangat (possessive second-person singular)
رنگهایت (possessive second-person singular)
rang-hā́yat (possessive second-person singular)
رنگایت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rangā́yt (possessive second-person singular)
رنگش (possessive singular third-person)
rangaš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگشِی (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rangšī (possessive singular third-person)
رنگهایش (possessive singular third-person)
rang-hā́yaš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگایش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rangā́yš (possessive singular third-person)
رنگمان (first-person plural possessive)
rangimān (first-person plural possessive)
رنگما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rangimā (first-person plural possessive)
رنگهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
rang-hā́yimān (first-person plural possessive)
رنگایما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rangā́ymā (first-person plural possessive)
رنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
rangitān (plural possessive second-person)
رنگهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
rang-hā́yitān (plural possessive second-person)
رنگایتان (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rangā́ytān (plural possessive second-person)
رنگشان (plural possessive third-person)
rangišān (plural possessive third-person)
رنگهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
rang-hā́yišān (plural possessive third-person)
رنگایشان (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rangā́yšān (plural possessive third-person)

→ Armenian: ռանգ (ṙang)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܪܲܢܓܵܐ (rangā)

→ Azerbaijani: rəng

→ Gulf Arabic: رنق (rang)

→ Omani Arabic: رنق (rang)

desctree

→ Swahili: rangi
→ Kikuyu: rangi
→ Tooro: erangi

→ Kazakh: рең (reñ), реңк (reñk)

→ Khalaj: rang

→ Ottoman Turkish: رنك (renk)
Turkish: renk
→ Armenian: ըռէնկ (əṙēnk)

→ Uzbek: rang

From Middle Persian lng (rang), from Proto-Iranian *ra(n)ǰ- (“to colour, dye”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“to dye”).
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ῥέζω (rhézō, “I dye, paint”) and Sanskrit रञ्ज् (rañj, “to be dyed or coloured, to redden, grow red, glow”).
Doublet of اورنگ (abranjan, “bracelet”), اورنگ (owrang) / افرنگ (afrang, “throne; splendor”), رشتن (raštan, “to color, dye”).
Compare Old Armenian borrowing երանգ (erang). Cognate with Pashto رنګ (rang), Northern Luri رٱݩڳ (rańg), Central Kurdish رەنگ (reng), Sanskrit रङ्ग (raṅga).


صدا

head

صِدا or صَدا • (sedâ or sadâ) (plural صداها (sedâ-hâ))

صِدا (canonical)
صَدا (canonical)
sedâ (romanization)
sadâ (romanization)
صداها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic صَدًى (ṣadan, “echo”).

bor+

با صدای بیصدا
مثه یه کوه بلند
مثه یه خواب کوتاه
یه مرد بود یه مرد
bâ sedâ-ye bi-sedâ
mes-e ye kuh boland
mes-e ye xâb kutâh
ye mard bud, ye mard
with a voiceless voice,lofty as a mountain,brief as a dream,there was a man, a man...
(مثه is a phonetic spelling of the colloquial variant of مثلِ)


دم

→ Azerbaijani: düm

→ Lezgi: ттум (t̄um)

From earlier دُنْب (dunb), see there for more.


دم

→ Armenian: դամ (dam)

→ Bengali: দম (dom)

→ Azerbaijani: dəm

→ Kazakh: дем (dem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دم (dem)

Turkish: dem

→ Hindi: दम (dam)

→ Urdu: دم (dam)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dam), from Proto-Iranian *damH (“to blow, breathe; to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to blow”); compare Sanskrit धमति (dhámati, “to blow”), Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.

inh

چون که من من نیستم این دم ز هوست / پیش این دم هر که دم زد کافر اوست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3126:

Since I am not I, this breath (of mine) is from Him: in the presence of this breath if any one breathes (a word) he is an infidel.”

čôn ki man man nîstam ên dam za hû-st / pêš-i-ên dam har ki dam zad kâfir û-st


دم

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.


قدم

اولین قدم

یک قدم پیش یک قدم پس (Dari)

وی به حکم تواجد قدمی چند بر زمین زد. چون نگاه کردم، آن اقدام وی، چون به موم، به سنگ فرو میرفت. آنگاه بی هوش بیفتاد. چون به هوش آمد مرا گفت: «اندر روضهٔ بهشت بودم. تو ندیدی.»

c. 1060, Alī Hujwīrī, کشف المحجوب [Kashf al-Maḥjūb]:

In a state of rapture, he stepped a few times on the ground. When I looked, his steps were sinking into the rock as if it were wax. Then he fell unconscious. When he recovered his senses, he told me: "I was in the garden of paradise. You did not see."

way ba hukm-i tawājud qadamē čand bar zamīn zad. čūn nigāh kardam, ān aqdām-i way čūn ba mōm, ba sang furō mē-raft. āngāh bē hōš biyuftād. čūn ba hōš āmad ma-rā guft: "andar rawza-yi bihišt būdam. tu na-dīdī."

آن یار کز او خانه ما جای پری بود
سر تا قدمش چون پری از عیب بری بود

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 216”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The beloved thanks to whom my house was the place of nymphs:
From head to foot, she is—like the nymphs—unsullied by fault.

ān yār k-az ō xāna-yi mā jā-yi parī būd
sar tā qadam-aš čūn parī az ayb barī būd

قدم آهسته

(figurative) the luck of someone upon arrival at a place


آواز

→ Assamese: আৱাজ (awaz)

→ Azerbaijani: avaz

→ Bengali: আওয়াজ (awaz)

→ Chechen: аз (az)

→ Gujarati: અવાજ (avāj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आवाज़ (āvāz)

Urdu: آواز (āvāz)

→ Khalaj: âvâz

→ Marathi: आवाज़ (āvāj̈)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آواز (âvâz)

Turkish: avaz

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: а̀ва̄з

Latin script: àvāz

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਵਾਜ਼ (avāz)

Shahmukhi script: آواز (āvāz)

→ Sindhi: āvāzu

Arabic script: آوازُ

Devanagari script: आवाज़ु

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋛𑋠𑋂𑋩𑋣

→ Southern Altai: агӧс (agös)

→ Tatar: аваз (awaz)

→ Uyghur: ئاۋاز (awaz)

→ Uzbek: ovoz

→ Zazaki: awaz

From Middle Persian ʾwʾz (āwāč, āwāz, “voice, sound, tune”), from 𐭥𐭠𐭰 (wāč, wāz, “word, speech”), from Proto-Iranian *wā́xš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́kš, from Proto-Indo-European *wōkʷs. Cognate with Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c) and Latin vōx.


جهاز

head

جهاز • (jahâz)

fa-noun

جهاز • (jahâz)

→ Baluchi: جہاز (jaház)

→ Bengali: জাহাজ (jahaj)

→ Brahui: جاز (jâza)

→ Gujarati: જહાજ (jahāj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जहाज़ (jahāz)

Urdu: جہاز

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: جَہاز (jahāz)

Devanagari script: जहाज़ (jahāz)

→ Marathi: जहाज (jahāj)

→ Nepali: जहाज (jahāj)

→ Odia: ଜାହାଜ (jāhāja)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਜ਼ (jahāz)

Shahmukhi script: جَہاز (jahāz)

→ Sindhi:

Devanagari script: जहाज़ु

Arabic script: جھازُ

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːz]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːz]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːz]


کشتی

head

کَشْتی • (kašti) (plural کشتیها (kašti-hâ))

کَشْتی (canonical)
kašti (romanization)
کشتیها (plural)

→ Middle Bengali: কিশ্তী (kiśti)

Bengali: কিস্তী (kisti)

desc

→ Gujarati: કિશ્તી (kiśtī), કિસ્તી (kistī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कश्ती (kaśtī)

Urdu: کشتی (kiśtī)

→ Khalaj: kəşti

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਸ਼ਤੀ (kaśtī)

Shahmukhi script: کَشتی (kaśtī)

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[kʰʲæʃ.t̪ʰíː]

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭲𐭩𐭪𐭩 (kštyky /kaštīg/, “boat, ship”).

inh

سوار کشتی

کشتی راندن


کشتی

head

کُشْتی • (košti)

fa-noun

کُشْتی • (košti)

→ Middle Bengali: কুশ্তি (kuśti)

Bengali: কুস্তি (kusti)

→ Gujarati: કુસ્તી (kustī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कुश्ती (kuśtī)

Urdu: کشتی (kuśtī)

→ Kannada: ಕುಸ್ತಿ (kusti)

→ Malayalam: ഗുസ്തി (gusti)

→ Marathi: कुस्ती (kustī)

→ Punjabi: kuśtī

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਸ਼ਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: کُشتی

→ Malay: gusti
Indonesian: gusti

fa:کشتی (ورزش)

Borrowed from Parthian *kuštīg, from Proto-Iranian *kušti-, a t-extension of Proto-Iranian *kuši- (“side (of the body)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kuḱis (“(female) pubic hair; vulva”), from *kew-k-, from *kew- (“to be concave or convex”). Doublet of کستی (kosti, “sacred Zoroastrian waist-girdle”), which was inherited, as well as with کس (kos, “vulva”); outside of Iranian, cognate with Sanskrit कुक्षि (kukṣi, “belly, interior, womb”) and Lithuanian kūšỹs (“pubic hair; vulva”).


کشتی

head

کِشْتی • (kešti)

fa-noun

کِشْتی • (kešti)

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]


قطر

head

قطر • (qotr) (plural قطرها (qotr-hâ) or اقطار (aqtâr))

qotr (romanization)
قطرها (plural)
اقطار (plural)


אהל

המישה פיירוו תורה ודין באש
דגר הם צחבת אהל יקין באש

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

Always pursue the Torah and religion;
Converse with those who know the Truth.

hamiše peyrow-e torâ o din bâš
degar ham sohbat-e ahl-e yaqin bâš


اژدها

اژدها • (aždahâ, eždehâ) (plural اژدهایان (aždahâyân, eždehâyân) or اژادر (ažâdor))

aždahâ (romanization)
eždehâ (romanization)
اژدهایان (plural)
اژادر (plural)

→ Armenian: աժդահա (aždaha)

→ Azerbaijani: əjdəha, əjdaha

→ Bashkir: аждаһа (ajdaha)

→ Bengali: আজদাহা (ajdaha)

→ Gilaki: اجدیها (ajdīhā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अज़दहा (azdahā), अझ़दहा (aźadhā)

Urdu: اژدہا (aždahā)

desc

→ Kazakh: айдаһар (aidahar), аждаһа (ajdaha)

→ Kyrgyz: ажыдаар (ajıdaar)

→ Mazanderani: ایژدیها (īždīhā)

→ Northern Kurdish: ejdeha / ئەژدەھا (ejdeha)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: اژدها (ejdeha), اژدرها (ejderha), اژدر (ejder)
Turkish: ejderha
→ Bulgarian: ажде́р (aždér)
→ Macedonian: аждер (ažder), аждаја (aždaja)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ажда̀ха, ажда̀ја
Latin script: aždàha, aždàja

→ Tajik: аждаҳо (aždaho)

→ Tatar: аждаһа (ajdaha)

→ Uzbek: ajdar, ajdarho

[ʔäʒ.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ː]

[ʔäʒ.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ː]

[ʔäʒ.d̪ɑːɑ́ː]

[ʔäʒ.d̪ɔːɔ́ː]

[ʔæʒ.d̪æ.ɦɒ́ː]

[ʔeʒ.d̪e.ɦɒ́ː]

[ʔäʒ.d̪ä.ɦɔ́]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcydhʾk' /az(i)dahāg/) / 𐫀𐫉𐫅𐫍𐫀𐫃 (ʾzdhʾg /azdahāg/) (Manichaean), from Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬁𐬐𐬀 (aži.dahāka, “Azhi Dahaka”), name of a mythical serpent in Zoroastrianism, from 𐬀𐬲𐬌 (aži, “snake; dragon”), from Proto-Iranian *Háǰiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háǰʰiš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ógʷʰis, *h₃égʷʰis (“snake”). Compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫋𐫅𐫍𐫀𐫃 (ʾjdhʾg /aždahāg/) and Old Armenian Աժդահակ (Aždahak).


اسلحه گرم

head

اَسْلَحِهٔ گَرْم

اَسْلَحِهٔ گَرْم • (aslahe-ye garm)

fa-noun

اَسْلَحِهٔ گَرْم

اَسْلَحِهٔ گَرْم • (aslahe-ye garm)

اَسْلَحِهٔ گَرْم (canonical)
aslahe-ye garm (romanization)

[ʔäs.lä.ɦä.jɪ ɡäɾm]

[ʔäs.lä.ɦä.jɪ ɡäɾm]

[ʔäs.lɑːä.jɪ ɡäɾm]


پا

→ Ottoman Turkish: پا (pa)

→ Urdu: پا (pā)

From earlier پای (pây), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pāy), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (pād(a)), from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”).

ببين چطور دلم افتاده به پات

bebin četor delam âftâde be pât
Look how my heart fell to your feet


پستان

head

پستان • (pestân) (plural پستانها (pestân-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पिस्तान (pistān)

Urdu: پِستان (pistān)

Ottoman Turkish: پِستان (pistân)

[pʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pystʾn' /pestān/), from Proto-Iranian *pstānáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pstānás, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pston-ó-s, from *pstḗn (“breast”).

der

معشوق من
انسان سادهایست
انسان سادهای که من او را
در سرزمین شوم عجایب
چون آخرین نشانهٔ یک مذهب شگفت
در لابلای بوتهٔ پستانهایم
پنهان نمودهام

1963, Forugh Farrokhzad, “معشوق من”, in تولدی دیگر [Another Birth]:

My lover
Is a simple person
A simple person whom I
Have hidden
In the folds of the thicket of my breasts
Like the final oracle of a religion of wonders
In a strange and ill-fortuned land

ma'šuq-e man
ensân-e sâde'i-st
ensân-e sâde'i-st ke man u râ
dar sarzamin-e šum-e ajâyeb
čon âxarin nešâne-ye yek mazhab-e šegeft
dar lâbelâ-ye bute-ye pestânhâ-yam
penhân namude-am


تفنگ

head

تفنگ • (tofang) (plural تفنگها (tofang-hâ))

→ Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुफ़ंग (tufaṅg)

Urdu: تفنگ (tufáng)

→ Kermanic:

Abuzeydabadi: tafang

Abyanehi: tofang

Hanjani, Yarandi: tefeng

→ Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)

→ Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)

[t̪ʰu.fäŋɡ̥]

[t̪ʰo.fæɲɡʲ̥]

Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

Borrowed most likely from Chagatai or Khorezmian Turkic and borrowed at least semantically also from Ottoman Turkish تفنك (tüfenk), cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in the Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe propelling pebbles to kill birds, so called by onomatopoeia mimicking the sound made when it is puffed: Tüf! See Azerbaijani tüfəng for cognates. The terminus ante quem the tüfenk in the meaning of a matchlock-gun has resounded in Persian lands is the end of the Battle of Çaldıran where the Safavids incurred resounding defeat because of the Ottoman use of – then expensive – firearms to devastate the Persians as resolutely as never before because of the new Shia threat.


انگریزی

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

fa-noun

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

Borrowed from Hindustani अंग्रेज़ी (aṅgrezī) / اَن٘گْریزِی (aṅgrezī). By surface analysis, انگریز (angrēz, “English (person)”) + ـی (-ī, noun or adjective forming suffix).

surf

ـی<pos:noun or adjective forming suffix>

انگلیسی انگلیسی#Persian

(colloquial Dari) synonym of انگلیسی (inglīsī, “English, British”)


بیگم

→ Arabic: بيكُم (bēgum)

→ Bengali: বেগম (begom)

→ Gujarati: બેગમ (begam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बेगम (begam)

Urdu: بیگَم (begam)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیگم (begüm)
Turkish: begüm

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੇਗਮ (begam)

Shahmukhi script: بیگَم (begam)

→ Sindhi: بيگم

Sylheti: ꠛꠦꠉꠝ (begom)

From بیگ (beyg, “titled man, chief”) (from Proto-Turkic *bēg; see there for more) and the genitive enclitic -em, or perhaps from بگم (bagam, “queen”). Cognate with Azerbaijani bəyim, Ottoman Turkish بكم (beyim), Uzbek begim. Compare خانم (xânom).


فندق

→ Azerbaijani: fındıq

→ Bashkir: фундук (funduk)

→ Chuvash: фундук (funduk)

desc

→ Georgian: ჶანდოხი (fandoxi) — Fereydan

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: فندق (funduq, finduq, fanduq)

→ Khalaj: fəndıq

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فندق (funduq, fındıq)
Turkish: fındık, funduk
→ Crimean Tatar: fındıq, funduq
→ Russian: фунду́к (fundúk)
→ Belarusian: фунду́к (fundúk)
→ Estonian: fundukk
→ Ukrainian: фунду́к (fundúk)
→ Greek: φουντούκι (fountoúki)
→ Middle Armenian: ֆնտուխ (fntux)
→ Romanian: funduc, fundici

→ Tatar: фундук (funduq)

Borrowed from Arabic فُنْدُق (funduq, “hazelnut, pebble, bullet, gun”), from Middle Persian pndk' (pondik, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek [κάρυον] Ποντικόν (Pontikón, “Pontic nut”), from the hazelnut's indigenousness and abundance in the area of Pontus.

der

عشق دان ای فندق تن دوستت / جانت جوید مغز و کوبد پوستت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 1932:

O nut-like body, know that Love is thy friend: thy soul [inspired by Love] will seek thy kernel and batter thy shell [to pieces].

'ešq dân ey fandoq-e tan dust-at / jân-at juyad mağz o kubad pust-at


فندق

Borrowed from Arabic فُنْدُق (funduq, “inn, hotel, manor”), from Ancient Greek πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon, “inn, place receiving everyone”).
.


سلطان

head

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))

سُلْطان (canonical)
soltân (romanization)
سلاطین (plural)
سلطانها (plural)

→ Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)

→ Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)

→ Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुल्तान (sultān)

Urdu: سلطان (sultān)

→ Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)

→ Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)

desctree

→ Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
Gujarati: સરતાણ (sartāṇ), સુલતાન (sultān)
Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)

desc

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Tatar: солтан (soltan)

→ Turkmen: soltan

→ Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)

→ Uzbek: sulton

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?

juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast


خرگوش

head

خرگوش • (xargôš) (plural خرگوشها (xargôš-hâ))

→ Arabic: خَرْكُوش (ḵarkūš, “plantain”) (never common)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़रगोश (xargoś)

Urdu: خرگوش (xargoś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਰਗੋਸ਼ (xargoś)

Punjabi: خرگوش (xargoś)

From Middle Persian 𐭤𐭫𐭢𐭥𐭱 (xar-gōš, “rabbit, hare”, literally “big ear”), equivalent to خر (xar) + گوش (gôš). Compare Tajik харгӯш (xargüš), Talysh هووش, هوۊش (havüš), Pashto خرغوږ (xarğwaž), خرغوړ (xarğwaṛ), خرغوګ (xarğwag, “mullein”, literally “big ear”).

inh

خواب خرگوش به خواب یار میموند بله

The dream of the hare reminds me of the dream of my lover, yes

xâb-e xarguš be xâb-e yâr mi-munad, bale

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


ویکی

Borrowed from English wiki, from Hawaiian wikiwiki.


ذره

head

ذرّه • (zarre) (plural ذرهها (zarre-hâ) or ذرات (zarrât))

ذرّه (canonical)
zarre (romanization)
ذرهها (plural)
ذرات (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रा (zarā)

Urdu: ذرا (zarā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰਾ (zarā)

Shahmukhi script: ذرا (zarā)


چتر

چتر • (čatr)

fa-noun

چتر • (čatr)

→ Azerbaijani: çətir

→ Pashto: چتر (čátər)

Borrowed from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra). Doublet of چادر (čâdor) and چتری (čatri).

doublet

گر بهار عمر باشد باز بر تخت چمن
چتر گل در سر کشی ای مرغ خوشخوان غم مخور

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 255”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

When the springtime of life is once more upon the meadow's throne,
The rose's royal parasol will be over your head: sweet-singing bird, do not grieve!

gar bahār-i umr bāšad bāz bar taxt-i čaman
čatr-i gul dar sar kašī ay murğ-i xwašxwān ğam ma-xwar


چادر

head

چادر • (čâdor or čâdar) (plural چادرها (čâdor-hâ))

čâdor (romanization)
čâdar (romanization)
چادرها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَادُور (šādūr)

→ Arabic: شَادُور (šādūr)

→ Armenian: չադրա (čʻadra)

→ Assamese: চাদৰ (sador)

→ Azerbaijani: çador

→ Belarusian: чадра (čadra)

→ Bengali: চাদর (cador)

→ Central Kurdish: چادر (çadir)

→ Dutch: chador

→ Finnish: tšador

→ French: tchador

→ Georgian: ჩადრი (čadri)

→ German: Tschador

→ Gujarati: ચાદર (cādar)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: چادَر (cādar)

desctree

Hindi: चादर (cādar)
→ Danish: chador
→ English: chador, chadar, chaddar, chuddar, chadah, chader, chadur, chuddah, chudder, chuddur, chudah

→ Hungarian: csador

→ Italian: chador

→ Japanese: チャドル (chadoru)

→ Kazakh: шатыр (şatyr)

→ Korean: 차도르 (chadoreu)

→ Marathi: चादर (cādar)

→ Norwegian: chador

→ Ottoman Turkish: چادر (çadır), چتر (çatır)
Turkish: çadır, çador
→ Albanian: çadër
→ Armenian: չատըր (čʻatər), չա̈դըր (čʻädər)
→ Czech: čádor
→ Hungarian: sátor
→ Macedonian: шатор (šator)
→ Polish: szatra
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: šator
Cyrillic script: шатор
→ Russian: шатёр (šatjór)
→ Serbo-Croatian: (“tent”)
Cyrillic script: чадор
Latin script: čador

→ Pashto: چادري (čādarí)

→ Polish: czador

desc

→ Portuguese: xador, chador (unadapted form)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਦਰ (cādar)

Shahmukhi script: چادر (čādar)

→ Russian: чадра (čadra)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (“chador”)

Cyrillic script: чадор

Latin script: čador

→ Slovene: čador

→ Spanish: chador

→ Ukrainian: чадра (čadra)

→ Uzbek: chodir

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.d̪oɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.d̪äɾ]

From Middle Persian čādur (“sheet, veil”), from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra).

chador (a large single piece of cloth worn as a covering over the clothing)


کیر

→ Gujarati: કેર (ker)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیر (kir)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kyl /kēr/, “penis”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (kūra, “membrum virile”), Northern Kurdish kîr (/kīr/), Central Kurdish کێر (kêr /kēr/), Zazaki kîr (kīr) and Northern Luri کێل (kıl). Note also Middle Armenian կլիր (klir).

cog

دوستان کار کیر بازی نیست / هیچ کاری بدین درازی نیست
dōstān kār i kēr bāzī nēst / hēč kārē badēn dirāzī nēst. (Ubayd e Zakani)


چوچوله

head

چوچوله • (čučule)

fa-noun

چوچوله • (čučule)

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]

[t͡ʃʰuː.t͡ʃʰuː.lä]


خایه

→ Turkish: haya

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/xāyak/), from Proto-Iranian *Hāwyám (compare Northern Kurdish hêk, Ossetian айк (ajk), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬨 (aēm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hāwyám, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”) (compare Armenian ձու (ju), English egg, Italian uovo, Russian яйцо́ (jajcó)).

(figurative, vulgar) courage, guts, balls


کس‌کش

From کس (kos, “vagina, pussy”) + کش (keš, “puller, loosener”). Literally "vagina loosener".


جاکش

head

جاکش • (jâkeš)

fa-noun

جاکش • (jâkeš)

[d͡ʒɑː.ˈkiʃ]

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɔː.kʰíʃ]

[d͡ʒɒː.kʰʲéʃ]


کاپوت

head

کاپوت • (kâput)

fa-noun

کاپوت • (kâput)


جنده

Kazakh: жынды (jyndy)

Kyrgyz: жинди (jindi)

Uzbek: jinni

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

[d͡ʒɪn̪.d̪ä]

[d͡ʒɪn̪.d̪ä]

[d͡ʒɪn̪.d̪ä]

From ژنده (žende, “disheveled, shabby, used”). Compare with دستفرسود (dast-farsud, “used”).


کتاب

head

کِتاب • (ketâb) (plural کتب (kotob) or کتابها (ketâb-hâ))

کِتاب (canonical)
ketâb (romanization)
کتب (plural)
کتابها (plural)

desctree

→ Assamese: কিতাপ (kitap)
→ Atong (India): kitap

→ Bengali: কিতাব (kitab)

→ Gujarati: કિતાબ (kitāb)

→ Old Hindi: कतेब (kateba)

→ Northern Luri: کتۋ (ketü)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: किताप (kitāp), किताब (kitāb)

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒱𑒞𑒰𑒣 (kitāpa), 𑒏𑒱𑒞𑒰𑒥 (kitāba)

→ Naga Pidgin: kitab

desc

→ Nepali: किताब (kitāb, “book”), किताप (kitāp, “book”)

Dzongkha: ཀི་ཏབ (ki tab, “book, notebook”)

→ Odia: କିତାବ (kitāba)

→ Old Punjabi: ਕਤੇਬ (kateba)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb)

Shahmukhi script: کِتاب (kitāb)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪِتابُ

Devanagari script: किताबु

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰi.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]

[kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]

Etymology tree
Proto-West Semitic *katab-
Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)
Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.
Persian کِتَابBorrowed from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb), from ك ت ب (k t b), from Proto-West Semitic *katab-.

etymon

کِتَاب

خیلی از این کتابها را خواندهام.


کتاب

head

کُتّاب • (kottâb)

کُتّاب (canonical)
kottâb (romanization)

[kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[kʰut̪.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]

[kʰot̪.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]

کاتِب کاتب#Persian


گردن بند

گردنبند گردنبند#Persian

Alternative form of گردنبند (“necklace”)


گنجینه

گنجینه • (ganjine) (plural گنجینهها (ganjine-hâ))

ganjine (romanization)
گنجینهها (plural)


ادرار

ادرار • (edrâr)

fa-noun

ادرار • (edrâr)

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔid̪.ɾɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔed̪.ɹɒ́ːɹ]


گردنبند

head

گردنبند • (gardanband) (plural گردنبندها (gardanband-hâ))

gardanband (romanization)
گردنبندها (plural)

[ɡäɾ.d̪ǽmbǽn̪d̪]

[ɡäɾ.d̪ǽmbǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡʲæɹ.d̪ǽm.bǽn̪d̪̥]

From گردن (gardan, “neck”) + بند (band, “band”).


پیشاب

head

پیشاب • (pišâb)

fa-noun

پیشاب • (pišâb)

→ Assamese: পেচাপ (pesap)

→ Bengali: পেশাব (peśab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पेशाब (peśāb)

Urdu: پیشاب (peśāb)

→ Kashmiri: پیٚشاب (peśāb)

→ Punjabi: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਬ (piśāb)

→ Sindhi: پشاب (pešâbu)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠦꠡꠣꠛ (feśab)

→ Uzbek: пэшоб / peshob

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɔ́ːb̥]

[pʰiː.ʃɒ́ːb̥]

From پیش (piš, “front”) + آب (âb, “water”).


شاهین

head

شاهین • (šâhin) (plural شاهینها (šâhin-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهِين (šāhīn)

→ Arabic: شَاهِين (šāhīn)

→ Bengali: শাহীন (śahin)

→ Gujarati: શાહીન (śāhīn)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाहीन (śāhīn)

Urdu: شاہین (śāhīn)

→ Middle Armenian: շահին (šahin)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهین (şâhîn)
Turkish: şahin
→ Albanian: shahin
→ Greek: σαΐνι (saḯni)
→ Serbo-Croatian: šáhin / ша́хин

→ Russian: шахин (šaxin)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (*šāhēn, literally “majestic, kingly”) and the given name [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (šāhēn). By surface analysis, شاه (šâh) + ـین (-in).
Compare Middle Armenian շահէն (šahēn) and Old Armenian Շահէն (Šahēn).


گردن

Tajik: гардан (gardan)

→ Azerbaijani: gərdən

→ Bengali: গর্দান (gordan)

→ Gujarati: ગરદન (gardan)

→ Middle Hindi: گردن (grdn /gardan/)

Hindustani: gardan

Hindi: गर्दन

desc

Urdu: گَرْدَن

Urdu: گَرْدَن

→ Kolami: గర్దన్ (gardan)

→ Northern Kurdish: gerden

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گردن (gerden), گردان (gerdan)
Turkish: gerdan
→ Albanian: gjerdan, gjardan, gjerdhan, gjordan
→ Armenian: կէռտան (kēṙtan), կէրտան (kērtan)
→ Aromanian: ghiurdane, ghiurdani, ghirdane, ghirdani
→ Bulgarian: герда́н (gerdán)
→ Greek: [script needed] (gjortáni), [script needed] (giurdáni)
→ Macedonian: ѓердан (ǵerdan)
→ Romanian: gherdan, ghiordan, ghirdan
→ Serbo-Croatian: ђѐрда̄н／đèrdān

→ Uyghur: گەدەن (geden)

→ Uzbek: gardan

Cognate with Khotanese gaḍaa- (“throat, neck”), etc.


منخر

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منخر • (manxar) (plural مناخر (manâxer) or منخرین (manxareyn))

manxar (romanization)
مناخر (plural)
منخرین (plural)


قفس

قَفَس • (qafas) (plural قفسها (qafas-hâ))

قَفَس (canonical)
qafas (romanization)
قفسها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəfəs

→ Gujarati: કફસ (kaphas)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़फ़स (qafas)

Urdu: قَفَس (qafas)

→ Uyghur: قەپەز (qepez)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قفس (kafes)
Turkish: kafes
→ Albanian: kafaz
→ Armenian: խաֆես (xafes), կաֆաս (kafas)
→ Bulgarian: кафе́з (kaféz)
→ Crimean Tatar: qafes
→ Greek: καφάσι (kafási), καφασωτός (kafasotós)
→ Macedonian: кафез (kafez)
→ Romanian: cafas
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̀вез
Latin script: kàvez

بنویس فرصت موندن یه نفس بود
 سهم من از همه دنیا یه قفس بود

2007, Moein, “Jodayi [جدایی]”, in Tolou:

benevis, forsat-e mundan ye nafas bud
 sahm-e man az hame donyâ ye qafas bud


بند

band (romanization)
بندها (plural)
بند (singular)
band (singular)
بند (plural)
band-hấ (plural)
بندا (colloquial plural)
bandấ (plural)
بند را (definite direct-object singular)
band râ (definite direct-object singular)
بند رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bando (definite direct-object singular)
بند (definite direct-object plural)
band-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بندا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bandấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بند (ezafe singular)
band-e (ezafe singular)
بند (ezafe plural)
band-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بندای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bandấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بندی (definite relative singular)
بندی (indefinite singular stressed)
band-i (definite relative singular)
band-i (indefinite singular stressed)
بند (definite plural relative)
بند (indefinite plural stressed)
band-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
band-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
بندایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بندایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bandấi (definite plural relative)
bandấi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Azerbaijani: bənd

→ Ottoman Turkish: بند (bend)

> Turkish: bent (inherited)

→ Romanian: bind

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Compare Old Armenian բանտ (bant, “prison”), an Iranian borrowing. More at band, bind. Doublet of باند (bând).

band, tie, fastening, ligature, bandage, chain, shackle, fetter

(Dari and elsewhere dialectal) dam, dike

(as second element of a compound) maker, causer, compiler, composer, captivator


نماز

head

نماز • (namâz) (plural نمازها (namâz-hâ))

→ Assamese: নামাজ (namaz)

→ Azerbaijani: namaz

→ Bashkir: намаҙ (namaź)

→ Bengali: নামাজ (namaz)

→ Mandarin: 乃瑪子／乃玛子 (nǎimǎzi)

→ Georgian: ნამაზი (namazi)

→ Gujarati: નમાજ (namāj), નમાઝ (namājh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नमाज़ (namāz)

Urdu: نماز (namāz)

desc

→ Judeo-Tat: нумаз (numaz), нимаз (nimaz) ("synagogue")

→ Kazakh: намаз (namaz)

→ Middle Armenian: նամազ (namaz)

Armenian: նամազ (namaz)

→ Old Gujarati: निमाज (nimāja)

Gujarati: નિમાજ (nimāj), નિવાજ (nivāj)

Marwari: निमाज (nimāj), निवाज (nivāj)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نماز (namâz)
Turkish: namaz
→ Albanian: namaz
→ Crimean Tatar: namaz
→ English: namaz
→ Polish: namaz
→ Romanian: namaz
→ Russian: нама́з (namáz)
→ Serbo-Croatian: nàmāz／на̀ма̄з

→ Punjabi: نماز (namāz)

→ Sindhi: نماز (namāz)

→ Tatar: намаз (namaz)

desc

→ Thai: ละหมาด (lá-màat), นมาซ

→ Thai: ละหมาด (lá-màat), นมาซ

→ Uyghur: ناماز (namaz)

→ Uzbek: namoz

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭮𐭢𐭣𐭤 (OSGDE /namāz/, “reverence, prostration, prayer”) / 𐬥𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬰 (namāz), from Proto-Iranian *námah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *námas (“to bow, prostrate”), from Proto-Indo-European *némos (“(place of) sacrifice, worship”). Compare Sanskrit नमस् (namas), Ancient Greek νέμος (némos), Latin nemus.

inh

نماز جمعه

regular, prescribed prayer; (Islam) salat


پسر

head

پسر • (pesar) (plural پسران (pesarân) or پسرها (pesar-hâ))

pesar (romanization)
پسران (plural)
پسرها (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (BREl) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwsl /pusar/, “son”), formed from 𐭡𐭥𐭤 (pus [BRE], “son”) on the model of kinship term pairs such as [Book Pahlavi needed] (AH), [script needed] (blʾtl' /brādar/). The Middle Persian is in turn from Old Persian 𐎱𐎢𐏂 (p-u-ç /puça/). Cognate of Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).


کون

kun (romanization)
کونم (first-person possessive singular)
kunam (first-person possessive singular)
کونهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kun-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کونهام، کونام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kunấm (first-person possessive singular)
کونت (possessive second-person singular)
kunat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kunet (possessive second-person singular)
کونهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kun-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کونهات، کونات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kunất (possessive second-person singular)
کونش (possessive singular third-person)
kunaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kuneš (possessive singular third-person)
کونهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kun-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کونهاش، کوناش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kunấš (possessive singular third-person)
کونمان (first-person plural possessive)
kunemân (first-person plural possessive)
کونمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kunemun (first-person plural possessive)
کونهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kun-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کونهامون، کونامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kunấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کونتان (plural possessive second-person)
kunetân (plural possessive second-person)
کونتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kunetun (plural possessive second-person)
کونهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kun-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کونهاتون، کوناتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kunấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کونشان (plural possessive third-person)
kunešân (plural possessive third-person)
کونشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kunešun (plural possessive third-person)
کونهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kun-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کونهاشون، کوناشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kunấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (kūn, “anus”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish qûn (“anus”), Northern Kurdish kun (“hole”), Khotanese khūṇā- (“hole”), Pashto کونه (kwëna, kuna, “ass, anus”).


یخ

From Proto-Iranian *Háyxam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Compare Ossetian их (ix), Pashto يخ (yax), Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian ех (ex, “ice”), German Eis, English ice.


عقاب

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عقاب • ('oqâb) (plural عقابان ('oqâbân) or عقابها ('oqâb-hâ))

'oqâb (romanization)
عقابان (plural)
عقابها (plural)

→ Gujarati: ઉકાબ (ukāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उक़ाब (uqāb)

Urdu: عقاب (uqāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਉਕਾਬ (ukāb)

Shahmukhi script: عقاب (uqāb)

Borrowed from Arabic عُقَاب (ʕuqāb). Displaced native آله (âloh).


عقاب

عقاب • ('eqâb)

fa-noun

عقاب • ('eqâb)


شیر

head

شیر • (šir or šêr) (plural شیرها (šir-hâ) or شیران (širân))

šir (romanization)
šêr (romanization)
شیرها (plural)
شیران (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şir

→ Bengali: শের (śer)

→ Gilaki: شیر (šīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शेर (śer)

Urdu: شیر (šer)

→ Khalaj: şîr

→ Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)

Turkish: şir

→ Uzbek: sher

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /šagr, šēr/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.

inh

چون رسد آن جا ببیند گرگ و شیر
عمر ضایع راه دور و روز دیر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 751:

When he reaches the spot, he sees wolves and lions,
his life lost, the road far off, and the day late.

čūn rasad ān-jā bibīnad gurg u šēr
 umr-i zāyi' rāh-i dūr u rōz-i dēr

(Indo-Persian) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)


شیر

šir (romanization)
شیرم (first-person possessive singular)
širam (first-person possessive singular)
شیرمان (first-person plural possessive)
širemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
širemun (first-person plural possessive)
شیرت (possessive second-person singular)
širat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
širet (possessive second-person singular)
شیرتان (plural possessive second-person)
širetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
širetun (plural possessive second-person)
شیرش (possessive singular third-person)
širaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šireš (possessive singular third-person)
شیرشان (plural possessive third-person)
širešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
širešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /šīr/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

کمی شیر اضافه کن


جنده‌خانه

جندهخانه (canonical)
jende-xâne (romanization)


بکن‌بکن

بکنبکن (canonical)
bokon-bokon (romanization)

(vulgar, figurative) an absolutely challenging or troubling situation


آب

Dari: آب (āb), اَو (aw)

Hazaragi: او (aw)

Iranian Persian: آب (âb)

Tajik: об (ob)

→ Äynu: ab

→ Bengali: আব (āb)

→ Gujarati: અબ (āb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आब (āb)

Urdu: آب (āb)

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: آب (āb)

Devanagari script: आब (āb)

Sharada script: 𑆄𑆧𑇀 (āb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آب (âb)
Turkish: ab, ap

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਬ (āba)

Shahmukhi script: آب (āb)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: آبُ (ābu)

Devanagari script: आबु (ābu)

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋔𑋣 (ābu)

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠛ (ab)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
From Middle Persian ʾp̄ (āb), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (ap-), from Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš (compare Northern Kurdish av, aw, Baluchi آپ (áp), Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (obë), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (compare Sanskrit अप् (ap)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water, body of water”).

der

آب انار


آب

Borrowed from Arabic آب (ʔāb), from Classical Syriac ܐܒ.


مادر

head

مادَر • (mâdar) (plural مادران (mâdarân))

مادَر (canonical)
mâdar (romanization)
مادران (plural)
مادر (singular)
mâdar (singular)
مادران (plural)
mâdarấn (plural)
مادرا (colloquial plural)
mâdarấ (plural)
مادر را (definite direct-object singular)
mâdar râ (definite direct-object singular)
مادر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
mâdaro (definite direct-object singular)
مادران را (definite direct-object plural)
mâdarấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
مادرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
mâdarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
مادر (ezafe singular)
mâdar-e (ezafe singular)
مادران (ezafe plural)
mâdarấn-e (ezafe plural)
مادرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
mâdarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
مادری (definite relative singular)
مادری (indefinite singular stressed)
mâdar-i (definite relative singular)
mâdar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
مادرانی (definite plural relative)
مادرانی (indefinite plural stressed)
mâdarấn-i (definite plural relative)
mâdarấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
مادرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
مادرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
mâdarấi (definite plural relative)
mâdarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
مادرم (first-person possessive singular)
mâdáram (first-person possessive singular)
مادرانم (first-person possessive singular)
mâdarấnam (first-person possessive singular)
مادرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
mâdarấm (first-person possessive singular)
مادرت (possessive second-person singular)
mâdárat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
mâdáret (possessive second-person singular)
مادرانت (possessive second-person singular)
mâdarấnat (possessive second-person singular)
مادرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
mâdarất (possessive second-person singular)
مادرش (possessive singular third-person)
mâdáraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
mâdáreš (possessive singular third-person)
مادرانش (possessive singular third-person)
mâdarấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
مادراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
mâdarấš (possessive singular third-person)
مادرمان (first-person plural possessive)
mâdáremân (first-person plural possessive)
مادرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
mâdáremun (first-person plural possessive)
مادرانمان (first-person plural possessive)
mâdarấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
مادرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
mâdarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
مادرتان (plural possessive second-person)
mâdáretân (plural possessive second-person)
مادرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
mâdáretun (plural possessive second-person)
مادرانتان (plural possessive second-person)
mâdarấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
مادراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
mâdarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
مادرشان (plural possessive third-person)
mâdárešân (plural possessive third-person)
مادرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
mâdárešun (plural possessive third-person)
مادرانشان (plural possessive third-person)
mâdarấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
مادراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
mâdarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مادر

Turkish: mader

desc

→ Urdu: مادر

→ Urdu: مادر

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mādar), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (mātā), from Proto-Iranian *máHtā (compare Northern Kurdish mak, Baluchi مات (mát), Pashto مور (mor), Ossetian мад (mad), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHtā (compare Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Hindi माता (mātā), माँ (mā̃)), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (compare Armenian մայր (mayr), Greek μητέρα (mitéra), Russian мать (matʹ), Italian madre, English mother).

دائیتم. مادرت خواهرمه.

I'm your (maternal) uncle. Your mother is my sister.

فردا باید برم خونه مادرم.

I need to go to my mother's house tomorrow.


برف

→ Bengali: বরফ (bôrof)

→ Bhojpuri: बरफ (baraph)

→ Gujarati: બરફ (baraph)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बर्फ़ (barf)

Urdu: برف (barf)

→ Marathi: बर्फ (barpha)

→ Nepali: बरफ (baraph)

→ Omani Arabic: برف (barf)

→ Swahili: barafu

→ Ottoman Turkish: برف (berf)

→ Punjabi: ਬਰਫ਼ / برف (barf)

→ Sindhi: بَرْفَ (barfa)

→ Somali: baraf

→ Varli: બરફ

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭯𐭫 (ʿpl /wafr/), from Proto-Iranian *wafrah (“snow”). Compare Northern Kurdish berf, Central Kurdish بەفر (befr).


ریشه‌شناسی

head

ریشهشناسی • (riše-šenâsi)

fa-noun

ریشهشناسی • (riše-šenâsi)

ریشهشناسی (canonical)
riše-šenâsi (romanization)

af

ریشه (rêša) + ـشناسی (-šenâsi)


زن

zan (romanization)
زنان (plural)
زنها (plural)
زن (singular)
zan (singular)
زنان (plural)
zanấn (plural)
زنا (colloquial plural)
zanấ (plural)
زن را (definite direct-object singular)
zan râ (definite direct-object singular)
زن رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
zano (definite direct-object singular)
زنان را (definite direct-object plural)
zanấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
زنا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
zanấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
زن (ezafe singular)
zan-e (ezafe singular)
زنان (ezafe plural)
zanấn-e (ezafe plural)
زنای (colloquial ezafe plural)
zanấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زنی (definite relative singular)
زنی (indefinite singular stressed)
zan-i (definite relative singular)
zan-i (indefinite singular stressed)
زنانی (definite plural relative)
زنانی (indefinite plural stressed)
zanấn-i (definite plural relative)
zanấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
زنایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
زنایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
zanấi (definite plural relative)
zanấi (indefinite plural stressed)
زنم (first-person possessive singular)
zánam (first-person possessive singular)
زنهایم (first-person possessive singular)
zan-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
زنهام، زنام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zanấm (first-person possessive singular)
زنت (possessive second-person singular)
zánat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zánet (possessive second-person singular)
زنهایت (possessive second-person singular)
zan-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
زنهات، زنات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zanất (possessive second-person singular)
زنش (possessive singular third-person)
zánaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
záneš (possessive singular third-person)
زنهایش (possessive singular third-person)
zan-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
زنهاش، زناش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zanấš (possessive singular third-person)
زنمان (first-person plural possessive)
zánemân (first-person plural possessive)
زنمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zánemun (first-person plural possessive)
زنهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
zan-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
زنهامون، زنامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zanấmun (first-person plural possessive)
زنتان (plural possessive second-person)
zánetân (plural possessive second-person)
زنتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zánetun (plural possessive second-person)
زنهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
zan-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
زنهاتون، زناتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zanấtun (plural possessive second-person)
زنشان (plural possessive third-person)
zánešân (plural possessive third-person)
زنشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zánešun (plural possessive third-person)
زنهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
zan-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
زنهاشون، زناشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zanấšun (plural possessive third-person)
زنم (first-person predicative singular)
zanam (first-person predicative singular)
زنیم (first-person plural predicative)
zanim (first-person plural predicative)
زنی (predicative second-person singular)
zani (predicative second-person singular)
زنید (plural predicative second-person)
zanid (plural predicative second-person)
زنین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
zanin (plural predicative second-person)
زن است (predicative singular third-person)
zan ast (predicative singular third-person)
زنه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
zane (predicative singular third-person)
زنند (plural predicative third-person)
zanand (plural predicative third-person)
زنن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
zanan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: zən

→ Urdu: زن

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zan), from Proto-Iranian *ǰánHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.
Cognates include English queen, Northern Kurdish jin, Greek γυναίκα (gynaíka), Russian жена (žena), etc.

inh+

زن، زندگی، آزادی

برادر زنم یک هفته با ما میمونه.

My wife's brother is staying with us for a week.

barâdar-e zanam yek hafte bâ mâ mi-mune.


آب منی

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]


پروانه

head

پروانه • (parvâne) (plural پروانهها (parvâne-hâ))

parvâne (romanization)
پروانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pərvanə

→ Gujarati: પરવાનો (parvāno)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परवाना (parvānā)

Urdu: پَرْوَانَہ (parvāna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پَرْوَانَه (pervāne)

> Turkish: pervane, Pervane (inherited)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਵਾਨਾ (parvānā)

Shahmukhi script: پروانہ (proānh)

→ Uyghur: پەرۋانە (perwane)

→ Uzbek: pervanel

From Middle Persian plwʾnk' (parwānag, “guide, leader”). Compare فرانه (farâne), فرانک (farânak). For the sense “caracal”, see Iranica.

der

Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hwás (“before, first”)

license (US) or licence, certificate, permission, permit


اشتقاق

head

اشتقاق • (ešteqâq)

fa-noun

اشتقاق • (ešteqâq)

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːq]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːq]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.qɑ́ːq]

[ʔeʃ.t̪ʰe.ʁɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِشْتِقَاق (ištiqāq).


شوهر

head

شُوْهَر • (šowhar) (plural شوهران (šowharân) or شوهرها (šowhar-hâ))

شُوْهَر (canonical)
šowhar (romanization)
شوهران (plural)
شوهرها (plural)
شوهر (singular)
šowhar (singular)
شوهران (plural)
šowharấn (plural)
شوهرا (colloquial plural)
šowharấ (plural)
شوهر را (definite direct-object singular)
šowhar râ (definite direct-object singular)
شوهر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
šowharo (definite direct-object singular)
شوهران را (definite direct-object plural)
šowharấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
شوهرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
šowharấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
شوهر (ezafe singular)
šowhar-e (ezafe singular)
شوهران (ezafe plural)
šowharấn-e (ezafe plural)
شوهرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
šowharấ-ye (ezafe plural)
شوهری (definite relative singular)
شوهری (indefinite singular stressed)
šowhar-i (definite relative singular)
šowhar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
شوهرانی (definite plural relative)
شوهرانی (indefinite plural stressed)
šowharấn-i (definite plural relative)
šowharấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
شوهرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
شوهرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
šowharấi (definite plural relative)
šowharấi (indefinite plural stressed)
شوهرم (first-person possessive singular)
šowharam (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرانم (first-person possessive singular)
šowharấnam (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
šowharấm (first-person possessive singular)
شوهرت (possessive second-person singular)
šowharat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šowharet (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرانت (possessive second-person singular)
šowharấnat (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
šowharất (possessive second-person singular)
شوهرش (possessive singular third-person)
šowharaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šowhareš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرانش (possessive singular third-person)
šowharấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šowharấš (possessive singular third-person)
شوهرمان (first-person plural possessive)
šowharemân (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šowharemun (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرانمان (first-person plural possessive)
šowharấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
šowharấmun (first-person plural possessive)
شوهرتان (plural possessive second-person)
šowharetân (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šowharetun (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرانتان (plural possessive second-person)
šowharấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
شوهراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
šowharấtun (plural possessive second-person)
شوهرشان (plural possessive third-person)
šowharešân (plural possessive third-person)
شوهرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šowharešun (plural possessive third-person)
شوهرانشان (plural possessive third-person)
šowharấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
شوهراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
šowharấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: শওহর (śoōhor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शौहर (śauhar)

Urdu: شَوہَر (śauhar)

From Proto-Iranian *fšautar, from Proto-Iranian *fšau- (“to raise cattle”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect; to shepherd”). Compare Khotanese [script needed] (kṣondai, “husband”), Yidgha [script needed] (šfuy, “husband”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬝 (fšuiiant̰, “husbandman, commoner”).

cog

مَن و شُوْهَرَم دو تا پِسَر و سِه تا دُخْتَر داریم.

My husband and I have two sons and three daughters.

man o šowhar-am do tâ pesar o se tâ doxtar dârim.


موت

head

موت • (mowt) (plural موتها (mowt-hâ) or اموات (amvât))

mowt (romanization)
موتها (plural)
اموات (plural)


کلیسا

کلیسا • (kelisâ) (plural کلیساها (kelisâ-hâ))

→ Gujarati: કલીસા (kalīsā)


یونانی

یونانی • (yunâni) (plural یونانیان (yunâniân) or یونانیها (yunâni-hâ))

yunâni (romanization)
یونانیان (plural)
یونانیها (plural)


ترجمان

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒu.mɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæɹ.d͡ʒo.mɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Arabic تَرْجُمَان (tarjumān).


ویکی‌پدیا

head

ویکیپدیا • (viki-pediyâ) (plural ویکیپدیاها (viki-pediyâ-hâ))

ویکیپدیا (canonical)
viki-pediyâ (romanization)
ویکیپدیاها (plural)


مرد

مرد • (mard) (plural مردان (mardân) or مردها (mard-hâ))

mard (romanization)
مردان (plural)
مردها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: mərd

→ Bengali: মরদ (morod)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मर्द (mard)

Urdu: مرد (mard)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرد (merd, mert)
Turkish: mert

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਦ (marad)

Shahmukhi script: مرد (mard)

→ Uyghur: مەرت (mert)

→ Uzbek: mard

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mlt' /mard/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (GBRA /mard/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 (martiya), from Proto-Iranian *mŕ̥tah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mŕ̥tas, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead, mortal”), from *mer- (“to die”); whence also مردن (mordan, “to die”), and مردم (mardom, “people”).
Cognates include Northern Kurdish mêr (“husband”), Northern Luri مێرںە (mırə, “husband”), Sanskrit मर्त (marta, “mortal, man”), Old Armenian մարդ (mard, “man”), Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), and Latin mortuus (“dead”)

der

یک مردِ جوان

چطوری مرد؟!

(calque from English, in the vocative) used to address a man

یوآخیم لو و مردانش برزیل را هفت بر یک شکست دادند.
yu-âxim low û mardânaš berezil râ haft bar yek šekast dâdand.
Joachim Löw and his men beat Brazil 7-1.

a member of a team or group, usually in plural


ارتداد

head

ارتداد • (ertedâd)

fa-noun

ارتداد • (ertedâd)

[ʔiɾ.ti.ˈðɑːð]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔiɾ.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔeɹ.t̪ʰe.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِرْتِداد (irtidād).


فاحشه

head

فاحشه • (fâheše) (plural فاحشهها (fâheše-hâ))

uder

Arabic فَاحِشَة (fāḥiša)


منت

→ Azerbaijani: minnət

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मिन्नत (minnat)

Urdu: منت (minnat)

→ Kazakh: міндет (mındet)

favor, grace, thankful or obligated behaviour


خانه

Dari: خَانَه (xāna)

desc

Iranian Persian: خَانِه (xâne), (Tehrani, colloquial) خونِه (xune)

Tajik: хона (xona)

→ Armenian: -խանա (-xana)

→ Azerbaijani: -xana

→ Bashkir: -хана (-xana)

→ Bengali: -খানা (-khana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ाना (xānā)

Urdu: خَانَہ (xāna)

→ Georgian: ხანა (xana), -ხანა (-xana)

→ Kazakh: -хана (-xana)

→ Kyrgyz: -кана (-kana)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خانه (hane)
Turkish: hane
→ Laz: ხანე (xane)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ـخانه (-hane)

Turkish: -hane

→ Serbo-Croatian: -àna／-а̀на

→ Punjabi: خانہ (xāna, khāna) / ਖਾਨਾ (khānā)

→ Sindhi: خانو (xāno)

→ Uzbek: -xona

→ Uyghur: -خانا (-xana)

Etymology tree
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 (bytʾ)
Persian خانه
Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 (xānag, “house”), from Old Persian *vahanam (“house”), from Proto-Iranian *wāhana (“habitation”), from Proto-Iranian *Hwah- (“to dwell, remain”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwas- (“to dwell, inhabit; to stay a night”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, live, reside; to stay, spend the night”).
Compare phonetically and semantically similar کده (kada, “house; place of”).
Related to دیوان (divân).


فیل

head

فیل • (fil) (plural فیلها (fil-hâ) or فیلان (filân))

fil (romanization)
فیلها (plural)
فیلان (plural)

→ Bashkir: фил (fil)

→ Yagnobi: фил (fil)

→ Chechen: пийл (piı̇l)

→ Georgian: ჶილი (fili) — Fereydan

→ Hindi: फ़ील (fīl)

→ Kazakh: піл (pıl)

→ Kyrgyz: пил (pil)

→ Northern Kurdish: fîl

→ Pashto: پيل (pil)

→ Tajik: фил (fil)

→ Tatar: фил (fil)

→ Turkmen: pil

→ Urdu: فیل (fīl)

→ Uyghur: پىل (pil)

→ Uzbek: fil

Borrowed from Arabic فِيل (fīl), itself from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), ultimately from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (/pīru/). Doublet of پیل (pil).


موج

موج • (mowj) (plural موجها (mowj-hâ) or امواج (amvâj))

mowj (romanization)
موجها (plural)
امواج (plural)

شب تاریک و بیم موج و گردابی چنین هایل
کجا دانند حال ما سبکباران ساحلها

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 1”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The dark night, the fear of waves, so terrifying a whirlpool!
How can the lightly burdened on the coast know our condition?

šab-i tārīk u bīm-i mawj u girdābē čunīn hāyil
kujā dānand hāl-i mā sabukbārān-i sāhil-hā

اگر موجت از آن دریا درین صحرا کشد روزی
چنانت غرقه گرداند که ناری یاد از صحرا

c. 1400, Shams-i Maghribī, “Ghazal 9”, in دیوان شمس مغربی:

If one day, the wave of that sea should kill you in this desert,
It will drown you so much that you will remember nothing of the desert.

agar mawj-at az ān daryā dar īn sahrā kušad rōzē
čunān-at ğarqa gardānad ki n-ārī yād az sahrā


نظر

Modern Persian:

Dari: نظر (nazar)

Iranian Persian: نظر (nazar)

Tajik: назар (nazar)

→ Assamese: নজৰ (nozor)

→ Bengali: নজর (nojor)

→ Gujarati: નજર (najar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नज़र (nazar)

Urdu: نَظَر (nazar)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: नजरि (najᵊrɨ)

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒖𑒩𑒱 (najari)

→ Marathi: नजर (najar)

→ Nepali: नजर (najar)

→ Odia: ନଜର (najara)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਜ਼ਰ (nazar)

Shahmukhi script: نَظَر (naz̤ar)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: نَظَرَ (nazara)

Devanagari script: नज़र (nazara)

هست بر اسباب اسبابی دگر / در سبب منگر در آن افکن نظر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2516:

Over the [secondary] causes there are other [primary] causes: do not look at the [secondary] cause; let thy gaze fall on that [primary cause].

hast bar asbâb asbâb-i digar / dar sabab ma-ngar dar ân afkan nazar

این نظر از دور چون تیرست و سم
 عشقت افزون میشود صبر تو کم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 646:

This looking from a distance is like arrows and poison: your fond passion is increased [thereby] and your self-restraint diminished.

īn nazar az dūr čūn tīr-ast u samm
 išqat afzūn mē-šawad sabr-i tū kam

از نظر مذهب، این دودمان انقلابی بود.

From the perspective of religion, this dynasty was revolutionary.

az nazar-e mazhab, in dudmân enqelâbi bud.

من بدم آن و آن چه گفتم خواب در / با تو اندر خواب در شرح نظر / گوش کن چون حلقه اندر گوش کن / آن سخن را پیشوای هوش کن

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 3587—3588:

That was I; and what I said to you in the dream, whilst you slumbered, in explanation of clairvoyance—give ear [to it], put it in your ear like an ear-ring: make those words [of mine] your mind's guide.

man bodam ân v-ân če goftam xâb dar / bâ tu andar xâb dar šarh-e nazar / guš kon čon halqe andar guš kon / ân soxan-râ pišvâ-ye huš kon


نهار

نهار • (nahâr)

fa-noun

نهار • (nahâr)

See the main entry. Perhaps the same as Etymology 2.

ناهار ناهار#Persian

Alternative form of ناهار (nâhâr, “lunch”).


نهار

head

نهار • (nahâr)

fa-noun

نهار • (nahâr)


مجاهد

head

مجاهد • (mojâhed) (plural مجاهدها (mojâhed-hâ) or مجاهدان (mojâhedân) or مجاهدین (mojâhedin))

mojâhed (romanization)
مجاهدها (plural)
مجاهدان (plural)
مجاهدین (plural)

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪd̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُجَاهِد (mujāhid).

(archaic) one who is labouring, toiling; one who is in severe distress

(Iran) a member of People's Mojahedin of Iran (Mojahedin-e-Khalq)


سوراخ کس

سوراخ کس • (surâx kos)