میز

→ Azerbaijani: (South Azerbaijani) miz

→ Armenian: մեզ (mez)

→ Gulf Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Omani Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Maore Comorian: meza

→ Swahili: meza (see there for further descendants)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: میز (miz)

→ Bengali: মেজ (mez)

→ Kermanic: mīz

→ Hindi: मेज़ (mez)

→ Ishkashimi: میز (mēz)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مێز (mêz)

Northern Kurdish: mêz

→ Marathi: मेज (mej̈)

→ Ormuri: میز (mez)

→ Parachi: میز (mēz)

→ Pashto: مېز (mez)

→ Punjabi: ਮੇਜ਼ (mez), ਮੇਜ (mej)

→ Sanglechi: میز (mēz)

→ Shughni: mēz

→ Talysh: миз (miz)

→ Urdu: میز (mez)

→ Wakhi: miz

→ Yidgha: میز (mīz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd /mēzd/, “sacrifice, offering meal; table”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mēzag, “small table”), from Proto-Iranian *m(i)yazda- (“sacrificial food”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *myázdʰas (“sacrificial oblation”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀 (myazda, “sacrifice”), Khotanese [script needed] (mastāña, “fodder”), Sanskrit मियेध (miyédha, “sacrificial oblation, offering of food”); see the Sanskrit term for theories on the root.

cog

میزِ آرایِش


میز

From the verb میزیدن (mizidan), میختن (mixtan) "to urinate". Compare Northern Kurdish mîz (“urine”).


اقتصاد

head

اِقتِصاد • (eqtesâd)

fa-noun

اِقتِصاد • (eqtesâd)

اِقتِصاد (canonical)
eqtesâd (romanization)

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād).


حج

ای قوم به حج رفته کجایید کجایید
معشوق همین جاست بیایید بیایید

O, you people who have performed hajj, where are you? Where are you?
The beloved is right here, come! Come!


زرشک

→ Arabic: زِرِشْك (zirišk)

→ Azerbaijani: zirişk

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܪܫܩ (zršq), ܣܪܫܩ (sršq)

→ Georgian: ზირიშკი (zirišḳi), ზერეშკი (zerešḳi), ზერეშქი (zereški), ზერენგი (zerengi) (Fereydan)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: զրիշկ (zrišk)
Armenian: զրիշկ (zrišk), զիրիշք (ziriškʻ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زرشك (zirişk)

→ Punjabi: زِرِشْک (ziriśk)

→ Urdu: زِرِشْک (ziriśk)

Related to Northern Kurdish zerêşk, zirêşk, zirîşk, Gilaki [script needed] (zərəšk); Persian زریک (zerik), زرک (zerek), زرنگ (zarang), زراج (zarâj), زراک (zarâk); Yidgha [script needed] (azīto); Khotanese ysālva; all meaning "barberry" and ultimately deriving from the word for "yellow": compare Persian زر (zar, “gold”).

زرشکپلو

زرشکپلو با مرغ


دیو

dēw／div (romanization)
دیوان (plural)
دیوها (plural)

Dari: دیوْ (dēw)

Iranian Persian: دیوْ (div, “demon”)

→ English: div

Tajik: дев (dev)

→ Bengali: দেও (deō)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देव (dev)

Urdu: دیوْ (dev)

→ Kazakh: дәу (däu)

→ Turkmen: döw

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
Turkish: dev, div
→ Serbo-Croatian: div / див

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *deywós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás
Proto-Iranian *daywáh
Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v)
Persian دیو
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, forces of the Evil One”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (daiva-), from Proto-Iranian *daywáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

inh+

demon, devil, goblin; evil supernatural creature

(Islam) wicked jinn; sometimes contrasted with پری (pari, “fairy, good jinn”).

(Zoroastrianism) daeva, a spirit of evil

تو مر دیو را مردم بد شناس
کسی کو ندارد ز یزدان سپاس
هرانکو گذشت از ره مردمی
ز دیوان شمر مشمر از آدمی

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of the Akwān Dēw”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Consider the demon to be a bad person.
Whoever does not have gratitude towards God
And whoever leaves the proper path of humanity:
Count him as among the demons, do not consider him a human.

tu mar dēw rā mardum-i bad šinās
kasē k-ō na-dārad zi yazdān sipās
har ān k-ō guḏašt az rah-i mardumī
zi dēwān šumar mašumar az ādamī


زردآلو

Tajik: зардолу (zardolu)

→ Azerbaijani: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: зәрдалу, зәрдали

Latin script: zərdalu, zərdali

→ Gujarati: જરદાળુ (jardāḷu)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: ज़र्दालू (zardālū), ज़रदालू (zardālū)

Urdu: زرد آلو (zard ālū)

→ Karakalpak: зәрдәли

→ Kyrgyz: зардолy (zardoly) (Southern dialectal)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زردالو (zerdalu, zerdali)
Turkish: zerdali
→ Armenian: զերտալի (zertali), զերտալու (zertalu), զա̈րդալո̈ւ (zärdalü)
→ Bulgarian: за́рзала (zárzala), зарзали́я (zarzalíja), зе́рдала (zérdala) (dialectal)
→ Cappadocian Greek: ζέρντελι (zérnteli)
→ Crimean Tatar:
Cyrillic script: зердали
Latin script: zerdali
→ Greek: ζέρδελο n (zérdelo), ζερδελί n (zerdelí), ζερδαλί n (zerdalí), ζέρζελο n (zérzelo), ζαρταλούδι n (zartaloúdi) (dialectal)
→ Pontic Greek: ζέρταλο n (zértalo), ζερταλί(ν) n (zertalí(n)), ζερτελί(ν) n (zertelí(n))
→ Romanian: zarzără
→ Russian: жердёла (žerdjóla) (dialectal)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зердѐлица
Latin script: zerdèlica

→ Punjabi: ਜਰਦਾਲੂ (jardālū)

→ Uzbek: зардоли (zardoli)

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zæɹ.d̪ɒː.lúː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zltʾlwk' /zardālūg/), equivalent to زرد (zard, “yellow”) + آلو (âlu, “plum”).


دندان‌پزشکی

دندانپزشکی (canonical)
dandân-pezeški (romanization)

fa:دندان‌پزشکی


سماق

head

سماق • (somâq)

fa-noun

سماق • (somâq)


عسل

→ Khalaj: əsəl

→ Urdu: عسل (asal)


دامن

head

دامن • (dâman)

fa-noun

دامن • (dâman)


نارگیل

head

نارگیل • (nārgēl／nârgil) (plural نارگیلها (nārgēl／nârgil-hâ))

nārgēl／nârgil (romanization)
نارگیلها (plural)
نارگیل (singular)
nârgil (singular)
نارگیلها (plural)
nârgil-hấ (plural)
نارگیلا (colloquial plural)
nârgilấ (plural)
نارگیل را (definite direct-object singular)
nârgil râ (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیل رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nârgilo (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیلها را (definite direct-object plural)
nârgil-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیلا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nârgilấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیل (ezafe singular)
nârgil-e (ezafe singular)
نارگیلهای (ezafe plural)
nârgil-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nârgilấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلی (definite relative singular)
نارگیلی (indefinite singular stressed)
nârgil-i (definite relative singular)
nârgil-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نارگیلهایی (definite plural relative)
نارگیلهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نارگیلایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấi (definite plural relative)
nârgilấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgilam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgil-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهام، نارگیلام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nârgilấm (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgilat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilet (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgil-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهات، نارگیلات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilất (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgilaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgileš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgil-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهاش، نارگیلاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgilấš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgil-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهامون، نارگیلامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgil-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهاتون، نارگیلاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgilấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgil-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهاشون، نارگیلاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلم (first-person predicative singular)
nârgilam (first-person predicative singular)
نارگیلیم (first-person plural predicative)
nârgilim (first-person plural predicative)
نارگیلی (predicative second-person singular)
nârgili (predicative second-person singular)
نارگیلید (plural predicative second-person)
nârgilid (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
nârgilin (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیل است (predicative singular third-person)
nârgil ast (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nârgile (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیلند (plural predicative third-person)
nârgiland (plural predicative third-person)
نارگیلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
nârgilan (plural predicative third-person)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَارْجِيل (nārjīl), نَرْجِيل (narjīl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارجیل (narcil), نارچیل (narçil)

→ Northern Kurdish: nargîl

→ Ottoman Turkish: نارگیل (nargil)

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡeːl]

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡiːl]

[nɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾnʾlgyl /anārgēl/, “coconut”), from Sanskrit नारिकेल (nārikela).

inh

(dated in Dari, normal elsewhere) coconut


سانسور

head

سانسور • (sânsur)

fa-noun

سانسور • (sânsur)

سانسور فیلم


انجیر

→ Azerbaijani: əncir, incir

→ Chechen: инжир (inžir)

→ Sanskrit: अञ्जीर (añjīra)

→ Gujarati: અંજીર (añjīr)

→ Hindi: अंजीर (añjīr)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: انجیر (encir, incir)
Turkish: incir

→ Russian: инжир (inžir)

→ Urdu: انجیر (añjīr)

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔæn.d͡ʒíːɹ]

From Middle Persian ʾncyl (anjīr, “fig”). Cognates found in Sogdian ʾncyr (anjēr) and Northern Kurdish hejîr. From the same Middle Iranian source, this word has been borrowed into Turkish incir, Russian инжир (inžir) and Sanskrit अञ्जीर (añjīra).


شاعر

head

شاعر • (šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šâ'erân) or شاعرها (šâ'er-hâ) or شعرا (šo'arâ))

šâ'er (romanization)
شاعران (plural)
شاعرها (plural)
شعرا (plural)

→ Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)

→ Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

→ Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

→ Nepali: सायर (sāyar)

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

→ Rohingya: cáaer

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: شاعِرُ

Devanagari script: शाइरु

Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)


یشم

یشم • (yašm)

fa-noun

یشم • (yašm)


اردک

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani ördək, Kyrgyz өрдөк (ördök), Tatar ürdäk, Turkish ördek. Early attestations are from the 1500s.


پرستو

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plstwk' /*paristōg/, “swallow”) (Manichaean Middle Persian prstwg).


حافظه

head

حافظه • (hâfeze)

fa-noun

حافظه • (hâfeze)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हाफ़िज़ा (hāfizā)

Urdu: حَافِظَہ (hāfiza)


دندان

head

دندان • (dandân) (plural دندانها (dandân-hâ))

→ Bengali: দান্দান (dandan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दन्दान (dandān)

Urdu: دندان (dandān)

→ Old Armenian: դանդան (dandan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dntʾn'), 𐫅𐫗𐫅𐫀𐫗 (dndʾn /dandān/), from Old Persian *dantā, from Proto-Iranian *Hdántā (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hdántā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dént-ō ~ *h₃dn̥t-nés, from *h₃dent- (“tooth”) + *-ō.

inh

Croton tiglium
Croton tiglium#Translingual


کلاغ

head

کلاغ • (kalâğ) (plural کلاغها (kalâğ-hâ))

[kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːɢ̥]

From a Proto-Iranian root not attested in Middle Persian. Cognate with Mazanderani کلاج (kalāǰ), Gilaki کلاچ (kəlāč), Northern Luri غلا (qelā), Ossetian халон (xalon). Probably ultimately onomatopoeic, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“crow”); compare Latin corvus, Ancient Greek κόρᾰξ (kórax), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz.

آن کلاغی که پرید
از فراز سر ما
و فرو رفت در اندیشهٔ آشفتهٔ ابری ولگرد

1963, Forugh Farrokhzad, “فتح باغ”, in تولدی دیگر [Another Birth]:

that crow which flew
above our heads
and went down into the scattered thoughts of a vagabond cloud

ân kolâği ke parid
az farâz-e sar-e mâ
va foru raft dar andiše-ye âšofte-ye abri velgard


انگور

→ Assamese: আঙুৰ (aṅur)

→ Bengali: আঙুর (aṅur)

→ Baluchi: انگور (angúr)

→ Ancient Greek: άγγουρα (ángoura)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अंगूर (aṅgūr)

→ Urdu: انگور (aṅgūr)

→ Rohingya: añggur

→ Khalaj: angûr

→ Thai: องุ่น (à-ngùn)

→ Malay: anggur

→ Indonesian: anggur

→ Odia: ଅଙ୍ଗୁର (aṅgura)

→ Ottoman Turkish: انگور (engur)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਗੂਰ (aṅgūr)

→ Shahmukhi script: انگور (aṅgūr)

→ Northern Luri: ںݩڳێر (ənğır)

From Middle Persian ʾngwl (angūr, “grape”), from Proto-Iranian *angaura- (“vine, grape”), probably a derivative of Proto-Iranian *Hangas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“to curve, bend”), referring to the curving nature of grapevines.

der

آب در غوره ترش باشد و لیک / چون به انگوری رسد شیرین و نیک

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2601:

In the unripe grape the juice is sour, but it is sweet and good when it becomes a (ripe) grape.

âb dar ğura turš bâšad wa lek / čon ba angûr-i rasad šîrîn u nek


خرما

head

خرما • (xormâ or xurmâ) (plural خرماها (xormâ-hâ))

xormâ (romanization)
xurmâ (romanization)
خرماها (plural)

Tajik: хурмо (xurmo)

→ Uzbek: xurmo

→ Bengali: খোরমা (khorma)

→ Chagatai: خرما (hurma)

Uyghur: خورما (xorma)

→ Georgian: ხურმა (xurma)

→ Gujarati: ખુરમો (khurmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुरमा (xurmā)

Urdu: خرما (xurmā)

→ Kazakh: құрма (qūrma)

→ Kipchak: قرما (kurma)

→ Central Kurdish: خورما (xurma)

→ Hulaulá: xurma

→ Northern Kurdish: xurme

→ Lishana Deni: כורמא (xurma)

→ Kyrgyz: курма (kurma)

→ Malay: kurma

Indonesian: kurma

→ Middle Armenian: խուրմայ (xurmay)

Armenian: խուրմա (xurma)

→ Punjabi: ਖੁਰਮਾ (khurmā)

→ Turkmen: hurma

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: خرما (hurma) (11th–15th c.)

Azerbaijani: xurma

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: خرما (hurma)
Turkish: hurma
→ Adyghe: хъурмэ (χʷurmɛ)
→ Albanian: hurmë
→ Belarusian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Bulgarian: фурма́ (furmá, “persimmon”)
→ Crimean Tatar: hurma
→ Estonian: hurmaa
→ Greek: χουρμάς (chourmás)
→ Romanian: curmală
→ Ido: hurmo
→ Latvian: hurma
→ Macedonian: урма (urma)
→ Polish: hurma
→ Russian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: хурма, у̀рма
Latin script: hurma, ùrma
→ Tatar: хөрмә (xörmä, “persimmon”)
→ Ukrainian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk' /xormā/, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw. The logogram is from Aramaic 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 pl (tmryn, “dates”).
Compare Parthian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk /xurmāg/) and [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ /*amrāw/), both forms appeared in Draxt ī Āsūrīg. The former is from Middle Persian. For reading of the latter, compare Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (ʾmrʾw /amrāw/) and Old Armenian արմաւ (armaw) (see Korn).
Akin to Kumzari أرما (“date (fruit)”), Baluchi هرماگ (hurmág, “date; fully ripe date fruit”). Compare also Sanskrit खर्जु (kharju) (wild date tree).

cog

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بکن کار و کرده بیزدان سپار
بخرما چه یازی چو ترسی ز خار
bokon kâr u karda ba-yazdân sepâr
ba-xormâ če yâzi ču tarsi ze xâr

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


بادام

head

بَادَامْ • (bâdâm) (plural بادامها (bâdâm-hâ))

بَادَامْ (canonical)
bâdâm (romanization)
بادامها (plural)

→ Armenian: բադամ (badam)

→ Assamese: বাদাম (badam)

→ Azerbaijani: badam

→ Bengali: বাদাম (badam)

→ Burmese: ဗာဒံ (badam)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: بادام (badam)

Uzbek: bodom

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 巴旦 (bādàn)

Dungan: бадан (badan)

→ Cantonese: 巴旦 (baa¹ daan³)

→ Central Kurdish: بادەم (badem)

→ Gujarati: બદામ (badām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बादाम (bādām)

Urdu: بادام (bādām)

desc

→ Kashmiri: بادام (bādām), بادَم (bādam)

→ Kazakh: бадам (badam)

→ Khalaj: bâdâm

→ Kyrgyz: бадам (badam)

→ Marathi: बदाम (badām)

→ Malay: badam
Indonesian: badam

→ Odia: ବାଦାମ (bādāma)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بادم (badem), بادام (badam), بایام (bayam)
Turkish: badem
→ Albanian: bajame
→ Adyghe: бадэ (badɛ)
→ Bulgarian: баде́м (badém)
→ Crimean Tatar: badem
→ Macedonian: бадем (badem)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бадем, ба̀јам, бајем (regional)
Latin script: badem, bàjam, bajem (regional)

→ Punjabi: badām

→ Gurmukhi script: ਬਦਾਮ

→ Shahmukhi script: بدام, بادام (bādām)

→ Rohingya: badam

→ Sindhi: بادام (bādāmu)

desc

→ Sanskrit: वाताद (vātāda), वाताम (vātāma)

→ Hindi: वाताद (vātād)

→ Tatar: бәдәм (bädäm)

→ Tibetan: བ་དམ (ba dam), འབའ་དམ ('ba' dam)

→ Turkmen: badam

→ Telugu: బాదం (bādaṁ)

→ Malayalam: ബദാം (badāṁ)

→ Tamil: பாதாம் (pātām), பாதம் (pātam)

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɔː.d̪ɔ́ːm]

[bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːm]

[bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːm]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭠𐭣𐭠𐭬 (wʾtʾm /wādām/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *vātādám. Cognate with Northern Kurdish bahîv, Zazaki vame and Baluchi گواتام (gwátám, “almond”).


ارغوان

arğavân (romanization)
arğovân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: ərqəvan

→ Georgian: არღავანი (arɣavani)

→ Gujarati: અરગવાની (aragvānī)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अर्ग़वान (arġavān)

desc

→ Urdu: ارغوان

→ Urdu: ارغوان

→ Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: erxewan (“purple; Judas tree”)

→ Central Kurdish: ئەرخەوان (erxewan, “purple; Judas tree”)

→ Middle Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani, “lilac”)

Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ارغوان (ergavân, erguvân)

Turkish: erguvan

→ Albanian: jargavan

→ Hungarian: orgovány

→ Romanian: iergovan, iorgovan

→ Serbo-Croatian: jȍrgovān / јо̏ргова̄н (“lilac”)

→ Slovak: orgován (“lilac”)

→ Pashto: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔːn]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.vɔn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlgwkʾn' /argawān/, “purple”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (argawannu, “red purple”), probably via Aramaic, cf. Classical Syriac ܐܪܓܘܢܐ (ʾargəwānā). A Wanderwort in the Middle East: Biblical Hebrew אַרְגְּוָן (ʾargɔmɔn, “purple”), Arabic أَرْجُوَان (ʔarjuwān, “purple; redbud; amethyst”).

cog

مینماید عکسِ مِی، در رنگِ رویِ مه وشت
همچو برگِ ارغوان بر صفحهٔ نسرین، غریب

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 14”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The wine's reflection shows in the color of your moon-like face
Like a Judas tree petal on the face of a wild rose: how strange!

mê-namâyad aks-i may, dar rang-e rôy-i mah waš-at
hamčô barg-i arğawân bar safha-yi nasrîn, ğarîb

Cercis siliquastrum
Cercis siliquastrum#Translingual

Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) or its flower


سیاستمدار

head

سیاستمدار • (siyâsatmadâr) (plural سیاستمداران (siyâsatmadârân))

siyâsatmadâr (romanization)
سیاستمداران (plural)

fa:سیاستمدار


هنرمند

From هْنَر (honar, “art”) + ـمَند (-mand, “with”).


تخم

→ Azerbaijani: toxum

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخم (tohum), توخوم (tohum)

Turkish: tohum

→ Armenian: թոխում (tʻoxum)

→ Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)

→ Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)

→ Urdu: تخم (tuxm)

→ Uyghur: تۇخۇم (tuxum, “egg”)

→ Uzbek: tuxum (“egg”)

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /tōxm/, “seed, line, race”), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥- (taoxman-, “seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“germ, seed, sprout, offspring”). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.


کشاورز

head

کشاورز • (kešâvarz) (plural کشاورزان (kešâvarzân) or کشاورزها (kešâvarz-hâ))

kešâvarz (romanization)
کشاورزان (plural)
کشاورزها (plural)

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]


مکانیک

مکانیک • (mekânik)

fa-noun

مکانیک • (mekânik)

(countable) mechanic (a skilled worker in charge of maintenance or repairing machinery)

(uncountable) (physics, mechanics) mechanics, a branch of physics


نویسنده

head

نویسنده • (nevisande) (plural نویسندگان (nevisandegân))

nevisande (romanization)
نویسندگان (plural)

→ Urdu: نویسندہ (navīsinda)


چکاوک

چکاوک • (čakâvak) (plural چکاوکها (čakâvak-hâ) or چکاوکان (čakâvakân))

čakâvak (romanization)
چکاوکها (plural)
چکاوکان (plural)

Compound of چکاو (čakâv) (from Middle Persian) and ـک (-ak).


پستان بند

پستانبند پستانبند#Persian


بوف

بوف • (buf) (plural بوفها (buf-hâ) or بوفان (bufân))

buf (romanization)
بوفها (plural)
بوفان (plural)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭯 (būf).


تار

→ English: tar

→ Hindi: तार (tār)

→ Armenian: թառ (tʻaṙ)

→ Uyghur: تار (tar)

From Proto-Iranian *tánθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”); see there for further information. Cognate to tantra.

der

Coordinate term: پود (pud)

tar (a classical musical instrument of Persia)


ماشین

head

ماشین • (mâšin) (plural ماشینها (mâšin-hâ))

→ Central Kurdish: ماشێن (maşên)

→ Turkmen: maşyn


سینه بند

سینهبند سینهبند#Persian


بلوز

بلوز • (boluz or bluz) (plural بلوزها (boluz-hâ))

boluz (romanization)
bluz (romanization)
بلوزها (plural)


بوقلمون

بوقلمون • (buqalamun) (plural بوقلمونها (buqalamun-hâ))

buqalamun (romanization)
بوقلمونها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: buqələmun (“chameleon”)

→ Turkish: bukalemun (“chameleon”)

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُوقَلَمُون (ʔabūqalamūn), from Ancient Greek ὑποκάλαμον (hupokálamon), originally a Byzantine term used to refer to a precious multi-coloured textile, later used to refer to the bird due to its ability to change the colours of its feathers .

bor+

أَبُوقَلَمُون

(derogatory) chameleon, opportunist, flip-flopper (US)


جغد

Derived from Sogdian [script needed] (cγwty /čaγut/, “owl”).


پرستار

head

پرستار • (parastâr) (plural پرستاران (parastârân) or پرستارها (parastâr-hâ))

parastâr (romanization)
پرستاران (plural)
پرستارها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pərəstar

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: پرستار (parastār)

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫 (plstʾl /paristār/, “maidservant, slave”), equivalent to پرستـ (parast-, present stem of پرستیدن (parastidan, “to worship”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پرستیدن</i> (parastidan, “to worship”)

که دانا پرستار نادان شود[…]

when the wise will become slaves to the ignorant […]


قو

qu (romanization)
قوها (plural)
قو (singular)
qú (singular)
قوها (plural)
qu-hấ (plural)
قوا (colloquial plural)
quấ (plural)
قو را (definite direct-object singular)
qú râ (definite direct-object singular)
قو رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
qú ro (definite direct-object singular)
قوها را (definite direct-object plural)
qu-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
قوا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
quấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
قوی (ezafe singular)
qú-ye (ezafe singular)
قوهای (ezafe plural)
qu-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قوای (colloquial ezafe plural)
quấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قویی (definite relative singular)
قویی (indefinite singular stressed)
qúi (definite relative singular)
qúi (indefinite singular stressed)
قوهایی (definite plural relative)
قوهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
qu-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
qu-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
قوایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
قوایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
quấ-i (definite plural relative)
quấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)

A Turkic borrowing: compare Azerbaijani qu (“swan”).

قو پرندهٔ قشنگیه.


هوا

head

هَوا • (havâ)

fa-noun

هَوا • (havâ)

→ Bengali: হাওয়া (haōẇa)

desctree

→ Georgian: ჰავა (hava)
→ Bats: ჰავ (hav)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਵਾ (havā)

Shahmukhi script: هوا (havā)

Borrowed from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ, “air”).

bor+

هین مکش بهر هوا آن بار علم
تا ببینی در درون انبار علم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3451:

Beware! Do not carry that burden of knowledge for the sake of selfish desire,
so that you may behold the barn of knowledge within (you)

hīn makaš bahr-i hawā ān bār-i ilm
tā bibīnī dar darūn anbār-i ilm


وکیل

head

وکیل • (vakil) (plural وکلا (vokalâ) or وکیلها (vakil-hâ) or وکیلان (vakilân))

vakil (romanization)
وکلا (plural)
وکیلها (plural)
وکیلان (plural)

→ Assamese: উকিল (ukil)

→ Bengali: উকিল (ukil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वकील (vakīl)

Urdu: وکیل (vakīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕੀਲ (vakīl)

Shahmukhi script: وکیل (vakil)

→ Sindhi: وڪيل (vakīlu)

→ Tamil: வக்கீல் (vakkīl)

→ Malayalam: വക്കീൽ (vakkīl)


سینه

sine (romanization)
سینهها (plural)
سینه (singular)
siné (singular)
سینهها (plural)
sine-hấ (plural)
سینها (colloquial plural)
sineấ (plural)
سینه را (definite direct-object singular)
siné râ (definite direct-object singular)
سینه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
siná ro (definite direct-object singular)
سینهها را (definite direct-object plural)
sine-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سینها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sineấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سینهٔ (ezafe singular)
siné-ye (ezafe singular)
سینههای (ezafe plural)
sine-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سینهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sineấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سینهای (definite relative singular)
سینهای (indefinite singular stressed)
siné-i (definite relative singular)
siné-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سینههایی (definite plural relative)
سینههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sine-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
sine-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
سینهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سینهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sineấ-yi (definite plural relative)
sineấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Turkish: sine

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सीना (sīnā)

Urdu: سینہ (sīnā)

→ Bengali: সিনা (śina)

Ultimately derived from Proto-Iranian *cráwniš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćráwniš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlównis.


آشپز

آشپز • (âšpaz)

fa-noun

آشپز • (âšpaz)

desc

→ Armenian: աշփազ (ašpʻaz), աշպազ (ašpaz), ասպաժ (aspaž), աշբազ (ašbaz)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpaz

→ Baluchi: آشپز (ášpaz)

→ Khalaj: âşpəz

→ Kumyk: ашбаз (aşbaz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آشپز (aşpez)

→ Uyghur: ئاشپەز (ashpez)

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
From آش (âš) + پز (paz), literally “soup-cook”.


دستکش

head

دستکش • (dastkeš) (plural دستکشها (dastkeš-hâ))

From دست (dast) + کش (keš) from کشیدن (kešidan, to pull). Replaced the older term دستموزه (dast-muze).


در

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar^əm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindi बार (bār) / Urdu بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).

inherited

در باز شد.

در تابه


فرش

head

فرش • (farš)

fa-noun

فرش • (farš)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: فَرْش (farś)

Hindi: फ़र्श (farś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਸ਼ (faraś)

Shahmukhi script: فَرْش (farś)

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْش (farš, “carpet, rug”).


مامان

head

مامان • (mâmân)

fa-noun

مامان • (mâmân)


نقره

Borrowed from Arabic نُقْرَة (nuqra).
From Sogdian [script needed] (n'krtk-w /nākarta/).

der

زر و نقره گر نبودندی نهان / پرورش کی یافتندی زیر کان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 178:

If gold and silver were not hidden, how would they get nourishment [grow and ripen] in the mine?

zar o noqre gar na-budandi nehân / parvareš key yâftandi zir-e kân


خروس

xorus (romanization)
xorôs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: xoruz

desctree

→ Chagatai: خوراز (ḫoraz), خروس (horus)
Uyghur: خوراز (xoraz), غوراز (ghoraz)
Uzbek: xoʻroz

→ Gagauz: хороз

→ Gujarati: ખુરૂસ (khurūs)

→ Khalaj: xurôs

→ Kipchak:

→ Kipchak–Cuman:

desc

Armeno-Kipchak: խորոզ (χoroz), խորուզ (χoruz), խորսուղ (χorsuγ)

Crimean Tatar: qoraz, horaz

Cuman: ghorox

Karachay-Balkar: къораз (qoraz), хораз (xoraz)

Karaim: хороз

Krymchak: хороз

Kumyk: хораз (xoraz)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (ḫoroz)

→ Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: қораз (qoraz)

Nogai: кораз (koraz)

→ Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: короз (koroz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خروس (ḫoroz), خوروس (ḫoroz)

> Turkish: horoz, (dialectal) ḫoroz (inherited)

→ Turkmen: horaz

→ Urdu: خروس (xurūs)

→ Urum: хороз

→ Urum: хороз

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hlws /xrōs/, “cock”, literally “the caller”), from [script needed] (hlwstn' /xrōstan/, “to call, to cry”).


طاووس

head

طاووس • (tâvus)

fa-noun

طاووس • (tâvus)

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɒː.vúːs]

هر که طاووس خواهد جور هندوستان کشد

har ke tâvus xâhad jowr-e hendustân kešad


دیر

head

دیر • (deyr) (plural ادیار (adyâr) or دیرها (deyr-hâ))

deyr (romanization)
ادیار (plural)
دیرها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic دَيْر (dayr); see there for further information.


مچ

→ Khalaj: muç

⇒ → Khalaj: murç

From a derivative of Proto-Iranian *muštiš (“fist”) (with sound change št > č), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”).

مچ پیراهن

cuff, the end of a shirt sleeve that covers the wrist

joint (Any part of the body where two bones join)

part of a garment that covers the wrists or ankles.


گویش

گویِش • (guyeš) (plural گویشها (guyeš-hâ))

گویِش (canonical)
guyeš (romanization)
گویشها (plural)

From گوی (guy-, present stem of گفتن (goftan, “to say”)) + ـش (-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گفتن</i> (goftan, “to say”)

آهنگی با گویش محلی

گویش یهودیان ایران


معلم

head

معلم • (mu'allim／mo'allem) (plural معلمان or معلمها or معلمون)

mu'allim／mo'allem (romanization)
معلمان (plural)
معلمها (plural)
معلمون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim).


تساوی

head

تساوی • (tasâvi)

fa-noun

تساوی • (tasâvi)


روغن

head

روغن • (rowğan or rôğan) (plural روغنها (rowğan-hâ))

rowğan (romanization)
rôğan (romanization)
روغنها (plural)

Dari: روغَن (rōğan)

Iranian Persian: رَوغَن (rowğan)

Tajik: равған (ravġan)

→ Gujarati: રોગાન (rogān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रौग़न (rauġan)

Urdu: رَوغَن (rauġan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: روغن (revgan, rugan)
Turkish: rugan

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwkn' /rōγn/, “oil; butter”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwgnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwgʰnas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰ-no-s (“cream”), from *rewgʰ- + *-nos, from *rew- (“to tear, dig, churn”). Cognate with Mazanderani راغون (rağun, “oil”), Central Kurdish ڕۆن (ron, “oil”), Shughni рӯған (rūɣan, “butter, grease”), Pashto روغن (roğán), Zazaki ruwen.

inh

روغن آرگان ― rowğan-e ârgân ― argan oil

روغن زیتون

روغن نخل

روغن گاو

oil (liquid fat); (of mammals) butter; ghee

روغن ریخته جمع نمیشود

No use crying over spilled milk; Spilled oil can't be collected


شب

head

شب • (šab) (plural شبها (šab-hâ) or شبان (šabân))

šab (romanization)
شبها (plural)
شبان (plural)

PIE word
 *kʷséps
From Middle Persian [script needed] (LYLYA), [script needed] (šp /šab/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (xšap-), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps. Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

شبت خوش باد و خواب مستیات سلطان و من هم خوش
شبی گرچه نیاری یاد بیداران شبها را

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

May your night and drunken sleep be happy, my sovereign! I am happy too,
Even though you will not remember (for even one night) those who stay awake during night [out of love for you].

šab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš
šabē garči nay-ārī yād-i bēdārān-i šabhā rā


دولت

دُوْلَت • (dowlat) (plural دولتها (dowlat-hâ) or دول (doval))

دُوْلَت (canonical)
dowlat (romanization)
دولتها (plural)
دول (plural)

→ Assamese: দৌলত (doulot)

→ Azerbaijani: dövlət

→ Bengali: দৌলত (dōulot)

→ Georgian: დოვლათი (dovlati)

→ Gujarati: દોલત (dolat)

desc

Gujarati: دولت (daulat) — Lisan ud-Dawat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दौलत (daulat)

Urdu: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Kannada: ದೌಲತ್ತು (daulattu)

→ Kazakh: дәулет (däulet)

→ Kyrgyz: дөөлөт (döölöt)

→ Maithili: daulti

Devanagari script: दौलति

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒾𑒪𑒞𑒱

→ Malayalam: ദൌലത്ത് (daulattŭ)

→ Marathi: दौलत (daulat)

→ Marwari: दौलत (daulat)

→ Nepali: दौलत (daulat)

→ Odia: ଦୌଲତ (daulata)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੌਲਤ (daulat)

Shahmukhi script: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دَوْلَتَ

Devanagari script: दौलत

→ Tamil: தௌலத்து (taulattu), தௌலத் (taulat)

→ Tatar: дәүләт (däwlät)

→ Telugu: దౌలత్తు (daulattu)

→ Turkmen: döwlet

→ Uzbek: davlat

Borrowed from Arabic دَوْلَة (dawla).
In medieval sources, it most commonly means "fortune" or "stroke of good fortune," especially associated with the ruling monarch. The word now means "state; government" due to metonymy: "the royal fortune" > "the king's dominion" > "the government of the king". Up to the nineteenth century, the ruling state was most often called دولت عالیه (dowlat-e âliyye, literally “the sublime fortune [of the king]”).

کارمند دولت

مجلس شورای اسلامی در ایران وظیفه قانون گذاری و نظارت بر دولت را دارد.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran has the duties of lawmaking and supervision of the government.

majles-e šowrâ-ye eslâmi dar irân vazife-ye qânun-gozâri va nazârat bar dowlat râ dârad.

گفتم او را چه خواهم از ایزد
گفت عمر دراز و دولت شاب

early 1000s, ʿUnṣurī, “Panegyric 3”, in دیوان عنصری:

I said to him, "What do you desire from God?"
He said, "A long life and the fortune of a youth!"

guftam ō rā či xwāham az ēzad
guft umr-i darāz u dawlat-i šāb

دانی که چیست دولت؟ دیدار یار دیدن
در کوی او گدایی بر خسروی گزیدن

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 392”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Do you know what fortune is? To see the beloved's face,
To prefer a beggar in her street to a king of kings.

dānī ki čē-st dawlat? dīdār-i yār dīdan
dar kōy-i ō gadāyē bar xusrawē guzīdan

(dated, literary) wealth, (monetary) fortune, prosperity


ورزش

head

وَرْزِش • (varzeš) (plural ورزشها (varzeš-hâ))

وَرْزِش (canonical)
varzeš (romanization)
ورزشها (plural)

→ Armenian: վարժ (varž)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܘܵܪܓ̰ܝܼܣ (värǰis)

→ Azerbaijani: vərdiş (“habit”)

→ Georgian: ვარჯიში (varǯiši), ვარჯისი (varǯisi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਰਜ਼ਸ਼ (varzaś)

Shahmukhi script: ورزش (varzaś)


عنکبوت

head

عَنْکَبوت • (ankabut) (plural عنکبوتها (ankabut-hâ) or عناکب ('anâkeb) or عنکبوتان (ankabutân))

عَنْکَبوت (canonical)
ankabut (romanization)
عنکبوتها (plural)
عناکب (plural)
عنکبوتان (plural)

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.bút̪]

[ʔæɲ.kʰʲæ.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.bɵ́t̪]

Borrowed from Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʕankabūt). Displaced native جولا (jôlâ) in Iranian Persian.

bor+

شد دو سه تاری که عنکبوت تنیدش
بر در آن غار پرده دار محمد

late 1400s, Nūr ad-Dīn 'Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī, فاتحة الشباب:

The two or three threads that the spider wove for him
On the door of the cave, were the veil of Muhammad.

šud du si tārē ki ankabūt tanīd-aš
bar dar-i ān ğār parda dār-i muhammad


کسب

→ Azerbaijani: kəsb

→ Chagatai: کسب

Uyghur: كەسىپ (kesip)

Uzbek: kasb

→ Kazakh: кәсіп (käsıp)

→ Kyrgyz: кесип (kesip)

→ Lezgi: кеспи (kespi)

→ Northern Kurdish: kesp

→ Ottoman Turkish: كسب (kesb)

Turkish: kesp

→ Turkmen: kesp

کسب دانش


خاله

xâle (romanization)
خالهها (plural)
خاله (singular)
xâlé (singular)
خالهها (plural)
xâle-hấ (plural)
خالها (colloquial plural)
xâleấ (plural)
خاله را (definite direct-object singular)
xâlé râ (definite direct-object singular)
خاله رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xâlá ro (definite direct-object singular)
خالهها را (definite direct-object plural)
xâle-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
خالها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xâleấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خالهٔ (ezafe singular)
xâlé-ye (ezafe singular)
خالههای (ezafe plural)
xâle-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خالهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xâleấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خالهای (definite relative singular)
خالهای (indefinite singular stressed)
xâlé-i (definite relative singular)
xâlé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
خالههایی (definite plural relative)
خالههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
xâle-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xâle-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خالهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خالهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xâleấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xâleấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خالهام (first-person possessive singular)
xâlé-am (first-person possessive singular)
خالم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xâlám (first-person possessive singular)
خالههایم (first-person possessive singular)
xâle-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
خالههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xâleấm (first-person possessive singular)
خالهات (possessive second-person singular)
xâlé-at (possessive second-person singular)
خالت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâlát (possessive second-person singular)
خالههایت (possessive second-person singular)
xâle-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
خالههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâleất (possessive second-person singular)
خالهاش (possessive singular third-person)
xâlé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
خالش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâláš (possessive singular third-person)
خالههایش (possessive singular third-person)
xâle-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
خالههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâleấš (possessive singular third-person)
خالهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(xâlé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
خالهمون، خالمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâlámun (first-person plural possessive)
خالههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
xâle-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
خالههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâleấmun (first-person plural possessive)
خالهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(xâlé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
خالهتون، خالتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâlátun (plural possessive second-person)
خالههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
xâle-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
خالههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâleấtun (plural possessive second-person)
خالهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(xâlé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
خالهشون، خالشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâlášun (plural possessive third-person)
خالههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
xâle-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
خالههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâleấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Khalaj: xâla

Coordinate term: عمه ('amme)

خاله شیرین دنبالت میگرده.


حق

head

حَقّ • (haqq) (plural حُقوق (hoquq) or حقها (haqq-hâ))

حَقّ (canonical)
haqq (romanization)
حُقوق (plural)
حقها (plural)

→ Assamese: সক (xok)

→ Bengali: হক (hok)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްގު (haggu)

→ Gujarati: હક (hak)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हक़ (haq)

desctree

Urdu: حق (haq)
→ Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
→ Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

→ Marathi: हक्क (hakka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਕ (hakka)

Shahmukhi script: حَق (ḥaq)

→ Rohingya:

Latin script: hók

Arabic script: حࣤ࣪قۡ

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 (hók)


خرس

xers (romanization)
خرسها (plural)
خرس (singular)
xers (singular)
خرسها (plural)
xers-hấ (plural)
خرسا (colloquial plural)
xersấ (plural)
خرس را (definite direct-object singular)
xers râ (definite direct-object singular)
خرس رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xerso (definite direct-object singular)
خرسها را (definite direct-object plural)
xers-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
خرسا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xersấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خرس (ezafe singular)
xers-e (ezafe singular)
خرسهای (ezafe plural)
xers-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خرسای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xersấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خرسی (definite relative singular)
خرسی (indefinite singular stressed)
xers-i (definite relative singular)
xers-i (indefinite singular stressed)
خرسهایی (definite plural relative)
خرسهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
خرسایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خرسایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xersấi (definite plural relative)
xersấi (indefinite plural stressed)
خرسم (first-person predicative singular)
xersam (first-person predicative singular)
خرسیم (first-person plural predicative)
xersim (first-person plural predicative)
خرسی (predicative second-person singular)
xersi (predicative second-person singular)
خرسید (plural predicative second-person)
xersid (plural predicative second-person)
خرسین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xersin (plural predicative second-person)
خرس است (predicative singular third-person)
xers ast (predicative singular third-person)
خرسه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xerse (predicative singular third-person)
خرسند (plural predicative third-person)
xersand (plural predicative third-person)
خرسن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xersan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Khalaj: xirs

→ Munji: xərs

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)

→ Pashto: خرس

→ Wakhi: خرس

→ Urdu: خرس (xirs)

→ Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah
Old Persian *r̥šah
Persian خرسInherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.

etymon

شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:

Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.

šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.


دوش

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš /dōš/) (cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš, “forearm”)), from Old Persian [script needed] (dauš), from Proto-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“forearm”) Cognate with Sanskrit दोषन् (doṣan, “forearm”).


صابون

head

صابون • (sâbun) (plural صابونها (sâbun-hâ))

→ Assamese: চাবোন (sabün)

→ Bengali: সাবান (śaban)

→ Bodo (India): साबोन (sabwn)

→ Gujarati: સાબુ (sābu)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साबुन (sābun), साबन (sāban)

Urdu: صابن (sābun)

→ Kannada: ಸಾಬೂನು (sābūnu)

→ Khmer: សាប៊ូ (saabuu)

desctree

→? Malay: sabun
Iban: sabun
Indonesian: sabun
→ Balinese: ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄ (sabun)
→ Lun Bawang: sabun
→ Makasar: sabung
→ Dhuwal: jaabu
→ Hainanese: 差文
→? Hokkien: 雪文 (sap-bûn)
→ Amis: safon
→ Kavalan: sabun
→ Puyuma: sabun
→ Tsou: savungu
→ Sundanese: sabun
→ Teochew: 雪文 (sab⁴ bhung⁵)
→ Hakka: 雪文 (Singkawang, Bangkok Jiexi Hakka)

→ Nepali: सावुन (sāwuna)

→ Old Marathi: साबण (sābaṇa)

Marathi: साबण (sābaṇ)

→ Odia: ସାବୁନ (sābuna)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਬਣ (sābaṇ), ਸਬੂਣ (sabūṇ)

Shahmukhi script: صابݨ (sābaṇ)

→ Rakhine: သပုန်

→ Sinhalese: සබන් (saban)

→ Telugu: సబ్బు (sabbu)

desctree

→ Thai: สบู่ (sà-bùu)
→ Lao: ສະບູ່ (sa bū)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seyb-?
Proto-Germanic *saipǭbor.
Latin sāpōbor.
Ancient Greek σάπων (sápōn)bor.
Classical Syriac ܨܲܦ݁ܘܿܢܵܐbor.
Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)bor.
Persian صابون
Ultimately from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn).

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


مگس

→ Central Kurdish: مەگەز (megez)

→ Khalaj: mağas

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مگس (meges)
Turkish: meges

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mks /magas/), from Proto-Iranian *makácaH, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mákš (“fly”). Compare Sanskrit मशक (maśaka).


سر

سَر (canonical)
sar (romanization)
سرها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /sar/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for further information.

سرم درد میکنه.

تو رفتی ولی فکر تو، تو سر من موند
همیشه نبودت من و قلبمو ترسوند

2023, “پاقدم”, performed by علیرضا طلیسچی:

you left but the thought of you remained in my head / your absence always scared me and my heart

to rafti vali fekr-e to tu sar-e man mund
hamiše nabudet man o qalbamo tarsund

head; (figurative) the head, as the seat of the intellect

بر سر درخت
bar sar-e deraxt
on the treetop

سر دیگ شیشهای

باد سر پاییز

سرانگشت ― sarangošt ― fingertip

سر تا سر

جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
سر گرچه دو کردهایم یک تن داریم

11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr:

My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm

این غربزدگی دو سر دارد. یکی غرب و دیگر ما که غربزدهایم. ما یعنی گوشهای از شرق. به جای این دو سر، بگذاریم دو قطب. یا دو نهایت.

1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غربزدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:

This Westoxification has two endpoints. One is the West, and the other is we who are Westoxified. We, as in a corner of the East. Instead of these two endpoints, let us say two poles. Or two extremes.

in ğarb-zadegi do sar dârad. yeki ğarb va digar mâ ke ğarb-zade-im. mâ ya'ni guše'i az šarq. be jâ-ye in do sar, begozârim do qotb. yâ do nehâyat.

tip, extremity, endpoint; often without the ezâfe.

آمریکا با ایران سر جنگ دارد.

به سر آوردن

[…]و جیغ و داد و فریادی بلند و قشقرهای برپا گردید که آن سرش پیدا نبود.

1921, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, فارسی شکر است:

[…] and screams, shouts, loud cries, and general pandemonium was set up to which no end could be found.

[…] va jiğ o dâd o faryâdi boland va qešqere'i barpâ gardid ke ân sar-aš peydâ na-bud.


سر

سَر (canonical)
sar (romanization)
سران (plural)


سر

سِرّ (canonical)
serr (romanization)
اسرار (plural)
سر (singular)
serr (singular)
سرها (plural)
serr-hấ (plural)
سرا (colloquial plural)
serrấ (plural)
سر را (definite direct-object singular)
serr râ (definite direct-object singular)
سر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
serro (definite direct-object singular)
سرها را (definite direct-object plural)
serr-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
serrấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سر (ezafe singular)
serr-e (ezafe singular)
سرهای (ezafe plural)
serr-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
serrấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سری (definite relative singular)
سری (indefinite singular stressed)
serr-i (definite relative singular)
serr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سرهایی (definite plural relative)
سرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
serrấi (definite plural relative)
serrấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سرم (first-person possessive singular)
serram (first-person possessive singular)
سرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
serr-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سرهام، سرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
serrấm (first-person possessive singular)
سرت (possessive second-person singular)
serrat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
serret (possessive second-person singular)
سرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
serr-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سرهات، سرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
serrất (possessive second-person singular)
سرش (possessive singular third-person)
serraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
serreš (possessive singular third-person)
سرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
serr-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سرهاش، سراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
serrấš (possessive singular third-person)
سرمان (first-person plural possessive)
serremân (first-person plural possessive)
سرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
serremun (first-person plural possessive)
سرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
serr-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سرهامون، سرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
serrấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سرتان (plural possessive second-person)
serretân (plural possessive second-person)
سرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
serretun (plural possessive second-person)
سرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
serr-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سرهاتون، سراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
serrấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سرشان (plural possessive third-person)
serrešân (plural possessive third-person)
سرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
serrešun (plural possessive third-person)
سرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
serr-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سرهاشون، سراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
serrấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic سِرّ (sirr, “secret”).


سر

A transliteration of the English title Sir.

سر تیم برنرز لی ― ser tim bernerz li ― Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Sir (the titular prefix given to a knight or baronet)


حال

head

حال • (hâl) (plural حالات (hâlât) or احوال (ahvâl))

hâl (romanization)
حالات (plural)
احوال (plural)

→ Hindi: हाल (hāl)

→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)

→ Urdu: حال (hāl)

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl, “state, condition”).

bor+

استراحت حال او را بهتر نکرده.

condition of health; (on its own) good health

من حال غذا خوردن ندارم.

condition; state
(Sufism) mystical state

حالت خوبه؟

How are you? (literally, “Is your state good?”)

بس که میخواهم که داند عاشقان را حال چیست
حال زارم بیند و میپرسدم کاحوال چیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 126:

I so dearly want her to know what the state of [her] lovers are,
For her to see my wretched state and ask me what the matter is.

bas ki mē-xwāham ki dānad āšiqān rā hāl čīst
hāl-i zāram bīnad u mē-pursadam k-ahwāl čīst

زمان حال
زمان حال#Persian

Short for زمان حال (zamân-e hâl, “(grammar) the present tense”).

زمان حال

(in idiomatic expressions) senses, consciousness


صورت

head

صورَت • (surat) (plural صورتها (surat-hâ) or صور (sovar))

صورَت (canonical)
surat (romanization)
صورتها (plural)
صور (plural)

→ Bengali: সুরত (surot)

→ Ottoman Turkish: صورت (suret)

صورت قشنگ

به صورت فرشته

in the form of an angel; looking like an angel

خیال نقش تو در کارگاه دیده کشیدم
به صورت تو نگاری ندیدم و نشنیدم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 322”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I have drawn a fantasy of your portrait in the atelier of my eyes;
I have neither seen nor heard of a painting [as beautiful] as your form.

xayāl-i naqš-i tu dar kārgāh-i dīda kašīdam
ba surat-i tu nigārē na-dīdam u na-šunīdam

به صورت مبهم میگویند.

(often with به) way; manner (of doing something)

در این صورت

صورت غذا


غاز

A Turkic borrowing: compare Chagatai غاز (ğaz), Ottoman Turkish قاز (qaz), Azerbaijani qaz. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kāŕ.


اسیر

اسیر • (asir) (plural اسیران (asirân) or اسرا (asrâ))

asir (romanization)
اسیران (plural)
اسرا (plural)


طلاق

طلاق • (talâq)

fa-noun

طلاق • (talâq)

→ Gujarati: તલાક (talāk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तलाक़ (talāq)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਲਾਕ (talāk)

Shahmukhi script: طلاق (talāq)

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɔ́ːq]

[t̪ʰæ.lɒ́ːɢ̥]

Coordinate term: ازدواج (ezdevâj)

زنی شوهردار با مردی رابطه داشته شوهرش او را طلاق میدهد آیا اکنون میتواند به عقد آن مردی که با او رابطه داشته درآید؟

2010s, “پرسش و پاسخ : طلاق”, in sistani.org:

A married woman having a relationship with a man, her husband divorces her. Can she now enter a marriage contract with the man she has a relationship with?

zan-i šowhar-dâr bâ mard-i râbete dâšte šowhar-aš u-râ talâq mi-dehad âyâ aknun mi-tavânad be 'aqd-e ân mard-i ke bâ u râbete dâšte dar-âyad?


شعر

head

شعر • (še'r) (plural شعرها (še'r-hâ) or اشعار (aš'âr))

še'r (romanization)
شعرها (plural)
اشعار (plural)


حافظ

حافظ • (hâfez) (plural حافظان (hâfezân))

From Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), the active participle of the verb حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to preserve, to protect, to defend”).

hafiz (one who knows the Qur'an by heart)


ثبت

اداره ثبت اختراع


کره

→ Khalaj: kara

From Middle Persian *karag. Related to Middle Armenian կարագ (karag) and Arabic كَرَج (karaj).

کره تازه


کره

کره • (kore) (plural کرات (korât) or کرهها (kore-hâ))

kore (romanization)
کرات (plural)
کرهها (plural)


کره

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlk' /kurrag/, “colt”), from Old Iranian *kurna-ka-, a derivative of the Proto-Iranian root which gave Bakhtiari کر (kowr), Northern Kurdish kur (“boy, son”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish kurrik, Zazaki kurrî, kirrêk, kirri, kurik, kurrik, Talysh kırə, and akin to Middle Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), քուռիկ (kʻuṙik), Aghwan 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄 (kuruḳ), Georgian ქორაკი (koraḳi), კურაკი (ḳuraḳi), კურატი (ḳuraṭi), კურიჰკაჲ (ḳurihḳay), კურიკაჲ (ḳuriḳay), კურია (ḳuria), ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi), ქვირა (kvira), კურო (ḳuro), Arabic كُرَّج (kurraj), Iranian borrowings.
Ultimately perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European and cognate with Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), Hesychian Ancient Greek κύρνος (kúrnos, “bastard son”).


فرشته

head

فرشته • (ferešte) (plural فرشتهها (ferešte-hâ) or فرشتگان (fereštegân))

ferešte (romanization)
فرشتهها (plural)
فرشتگان (plural)

→ Bengali: ফেরেশতা (feresta)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرشته (firişte, ferişte, ferişta)

> Turkish: ferişte, feriştah (inherited)

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (fariśtā)

→ Urdu: فَرِشْتَہ (fariśta)

→ Uyghur: پەرىشتە (perishte)

→ Uzbek: farishta

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

From Middle Persian plystk' (frēstag, “apostle; angel”) [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (plystky, “messenger”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian frystg, prystg (frēstag), hrystg (hrēstag, “apostle; angle”), Manichaean Parthian fryštg (frēštag, “apostle; angel”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀- (fraēšta-, “messenger”), Middle Iranian borrowings Old Armenian հրեշտակ (hreštak), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פרסתקא (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”), and Classical Syriac ܦܪܣܬܩܐ (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”).

cog

چون فرشته بود همچون دیو شد
کان ملاحت اندر او عاریه بد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 713:

She was like an angel, she became like a demon,
for that loveliness in her was a borrowed (transient) thing.

čūn farišta būd hamčūn dēw šud
k-ān malāhat andar ō 'āriya bud

angel (divine and supernatural messenger from a deity)


نامزد

head

نامزد • (nâmzad)

fa-noun

نامزد • (nâmzad)

→ Azerbaijani: namizəd

→ Gujarati: નામજદ (nāmjad)

→ Northern Kurdish: namzet

→ Ottoman Turkish: نامزد (namzed)

Turkish: namzet

→ Tatar: namzät


جان

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn /gyān/, “soul, ghost”), from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH (equivalent to*wi- + *HanH- (“to breathe”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wyaHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence, for example, Latin animus.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish giyan, Central Kurdish گیان (giyan), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā), Sanskrit व्यान (vyāná).

جان دادن

to pass away; to give life; to be passionate; to give the soul

جان خود را از دست دادن

جان من سنگدلی ، دل به تو دادن غلط است
بر سر راه تو چون خاک فتادن غلط است
چشم امید به روی تو گشادن غلط است
روی پر گرد به راه تو نهادن غلط است
رفتن اولاست ز کوی تو ، ستادن غلط است
جان شیرین به تمنای تو دادن غلط است

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دلآزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

My stone-hearted love, it's a mistake to give my heart to you;
It's a mistake to fall down like dust at the head of your path;
It's a mistake to open my hopeful eyes to your face;
It's a mistake to lay my dusty face on your path;
First of all, I leave your street, it's a mistake to stand here;
It's a mistake to give up my sweet life to desiring you.

jān-i man-i sangdilī, dil ba tu dādan ğalat ast
bar sar-i rāh-i tu čūn xāk fitādan ğalat ast
čašm-i umēd ba rōy-i tu gušādan ğalat ast
rōy-i pur gird ba rāh-i to nihādan ğalat ast
raftan awwalā-st zi kōy-i tu, sitādan ğalat ast
jān-i šīrīn ba tamannā-yi tu dādan ğalat ast

پاهایم جان ندارند.

My legs are tired. (literally, “My legs have no life.”)

جان کلام

جانم

جانم جانم#Persian

جان من
جان من#Persian

(mainly in جانم or جان من) someone very close, e.g. a beloved or close family

in جانم or جان من


تخت

→ Arabic: تَخْت (taḵt)

→ Azerbaijani: təxt, taxt

→ Avar: тах (tax)

→ Bashkir: тәхет (təxet)

→ Chagatai: تخت

Uyghur: تەخت (text)

Uzbek: taxt

→ Gujarati: તખ્ત (takht)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तख़्त (taxt)

Urdu: تخت (taxt)

→ Kazakh: тақ (taq)

→ Kyrgyz: так (tak)

→ Lezgi: тахт (taχt)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: թախթ (tʻaxtʻ), թախտ (tʻaxt), թաղտ (tʻaġt), թաղթ (tʻaġtʻ)

Armenian: (in some dialects via Ottoman Turkish) թախտ (tʻaxt)

→ Malay: takhta
Indonesian: takhta

→ Northern Kurdish: text

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخت (taht)
Turkish: taht
→ Romanian: taht, taft
→ Serbo-Croatian: taht, тахт

→ Pashto: تخت (taxt)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਖ਼ਤ (taxat)

Shahmukhi script: تَخْت (taxt)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: تخت

Devanagari script: तख्तु

→ Tatar: тәхет (täxet)

→ Turkmen: tagt

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾht' /taxt/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Central Kurdish تات (tat).


رئیس

head

رَئیس • (ra'is) (plural رؤسا (ro'asâ) or رؤساء (ro'asâ'))

رَئیس (canonical)
ra'is (romanization)
رؤسا (plural)
رؤساء (plural)

→ Urdu: رَئِیس (raīs)

From Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs), from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be at the head”).


عمل

عمل • ('amal) (plural اعمال (a'mâl) or عملها ('amal-hâ))

'amal (romanization)
اعمال (plural)
عملها (plural)
عمل (singular)
'amal (singular)
عملها (plural)
'amal-hấ (plural)
عملا (colloquial plural)
'amalấ (plural)
عمل را (definite direct-object singular)
'amal râ (definite direct-object singular)
عمل رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
'amalo (definite direct-object singular)
عملها را (definite direct-object plural)
'amal-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
عملا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
'amalấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
عمل (ezafe singular)
'amal-e (ezafe singular)
عملهای (ezafe plural)
'amal-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عملای (colloquial ezafe plural)
'amalấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عملی (definite relative singular)
عملی (indefinite singular stressed)
'amal-i (definite relative singular)
'amal-i (indefinite singular stressed)
عملهایی (definite plural relative)
عملهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
'amalấn-i, 'amal-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
'amalấn-i, 'amal-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
عملایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
عملایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
'amalấi (definite plural relative)
'amalấi (indefinite plural stressed)
عملم (first-person possessive singular)
'amalam (first-person possessive singular)
عملهایم (first-person possessive singular)
'amal-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
عملهام، عملام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
'amalấm (first-person possessive singular)
عملت (possessive second-person singular)
'amalat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amalet (possessive second-person singular)
عملهایت (possessive second-person singular)
'amal-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
عملهات، عملات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amalất (possessive second-person singular)
عملش (possessive singular third-person)
'amalaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amaleš (possessive singular third-person)
عملهایش (possessive singular third-person)
'amal-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
عملهاش، عملاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amalấš (possessive singular third-person)
عملمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amalemân (first-person plural possessive)
عملمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amalemun (first-person plural possessive)
عملهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amal-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
عملهامون، عملامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amalấmun (first-person plural possessive)
عملتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amaletân (plural possessive second-person)
عملتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amaletun (plural possessive second-person)
عملهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amal-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
عملهاتون، عملاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amalấtun (plural possessive second-person)
عملشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amalešân (plural possessive third-person)
عملشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amalešun (plural possessive third-person)
عملهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amal-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
عملهاشون، عملاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amalấšun (plural possessive third-person)


عروسک

عَروسَک • ('arusak) (plural عروسکان ('arusakân) or عروسکها ('arusak-hâ))

عَروسَک (canonical)
'arusak (romanization)
عروسکان (plural)
عروسکها (plural)

[ʔä.ɾʊː.sǽk]

From عَرُوس (arus, “bride”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).


شلوار

head

شلوار • (šalvâr) (plural شلوارها (šalvâr-hâ))

Tajik: шалвор (šalvor)

desctree

→ Arabic: سِرْوَال (sirwāl)
→ French: sarouel
→ Galician: cirolas
→ Portuguese: ceroulas
→ Spanish: zaragüelles

→ Azerbaijani: şalvar

→ Bashkir: салбар (salbar)

→ Bengali: সালোয়ার (śalōẇar)

→ Georgian: შარვალი (šarvali)

desc

→ Gujarati: સલવાર (salvār), સુરવાલ (survāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शलवार (śalvār), सलवार (salvār)

Urdu: شلوار (śalvār), سلوار (salvār)

→ Indonesian: salwar

→ Kalmyk: шалвр (şalvr)

→ Kazakh: шалбар (şalbar)

→ Lezgi: шалвар (šalvar)

→ Malay: seluar, salwar

→ Nogai: шалбыр (şalbır)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شلوار (şelvar), شالوار (şalvar)
Turkish: şalvar, şelvar
→ Albanian: shallvarë
→ Armenian: շալվար (šalvar)
→ Aromanian: shilvãri, shãlvãri, shãlivãri
→ Bulgarian: шалва́ри (šalvári)
→ Hungarian: salavári
→ Belarusian: шарава́ры (šaraváry)
→ Polish: szarawary
→ English: sherryvallies
→ Ukrainian: шарава́ри (šaraváry)
→ Russian: шарова́ры (šarováry)
→ Greek: σαλβάρι (salvári)
→ Ladino: shalvar
→ Macedonian: шалвари (šalvari)
→ Portuguese: saruel
→ Romanian: șalvari
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ша̀лваре
Latin script: šàlvare

→ Portuguese: saruel

→ Southern Altai: шалмар (šalmar)

→ Tagalog: salawal, salwal

→ Tatar: чалбар (çalbar)

→ Turkmen: jalbar

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šlwʾl /šalwār/, “trousers”), from Proto-Iranian *šarawāra, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skelo- (“leg”) + *wero- (“to cover”).
For the first part compare شل (šal, “thigh”) and Old Armenian շար-աւանդ (šar-awand), an Iranian borrowing; for the second part compare Old Armenian վարտիք (vartikʻ), also an Iranian borrowing.
Compare Iranian borrowings: Ancient Greek σαράβαρα (sarábara, “Scythian loose trousers”), σαράβαλλα (saráballa), Latin sarabala, sarabāra, Biblical Aramaic (Daniel) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סַרְבָּלָא (sarbālā, “trousers; a type of outer garment”), Classical Syriac ܫܪܒܠܐ (šarbālā, “trousers”), ܫܪܘܠܐ du (šarwālē, “leggings”), Classical Mandaic ࡔࡀࡓࡅࡀࡋࡀ (šaruala, “trousers”), Arabic سِرْوَال (sirwāl), سِرْبَال (sirbāl), شِرْوَال (širwāl) (dialectal), شَرْوَال (šarwāl) (modern), سِرْوَل (sirwal), سِرْوِيل (sirwīl).


ریاست

→ Azerbaijani: rəyasət

→ Turkish: riyaset

→ Uyghur: رىياسەت (riyaset)

→ Uzbek: riyosat

→ Urdu: رِیاسَت (riyāsat)

انتخابات ریاست


لواط

head

لواط • (lavât)

fa-noun

لواط • (lavât)

Borrowed from Arabic لِوَاط (liwāṭ); ultimately from لُوط (lūṭ).

(Islam) male homosexual intercourse, sodomy


پوتین

head

پوتین • (putin) (plural پوتینها (putin-hâ))


آتشکده

آتشکده • (âtaškade) (plural آتشکدهها (âtaškade-hâ))

âtaškade (romanization)
آتشکدهها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]


کوکاکولا

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)

fa-noun

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)


ناظر

head

ناظر • (nâzer)

fa-noun

ناظر • (nâzer)

این حمله هوایی اسرائیل را سازمان ملل، اتحادیه اروپا، کشورهای عربی و نهادهای ناظر بر حقوق بشر یکی پس از دیگر محکوم کردند.

2024 May 28, “تانکهای اسرائیل به مرکز شهر رفح رسیدند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

One after the other, the United Nations, the European Union, Arab countries, and human rights monitoring institutions condemned this air strike by Israel.

in hamle-ye havâyi-ye esrâ'il râ sâzmân-e melal, ettehâdiye-ye orupâ, kešvar-hâ-ye arabi va nahâd-hâ-ye nâzer bar hoquq-e bašar yeki pas az digar mahkum kardand.


انتخاب

head

اِنْتِخاب • (entexâb) (plural انتخابات (entexâbât))

اِنْتِخاب (canonical)
entexâb (romanization)
انتخابات (plural)

Tajik: интихоб (intixob)

→ Bengali: ইন্তেখাব (intekhab)

→ Dhivehi: އިންތިޚާބް (in̊tixāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंतख़ाब (intaxāb)

Urdu: اِنْتِخاب (intixāb)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِخَاب (intiḵāb).

bor+

در انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده است؟ (more literary)
dar entexâbât-e torkiye ki entexâb šode ast?

تو انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده؟ (more colloquial)

Who has been elected in the Turkish elections?


آبجو

head

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

fa-noun

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈd͡ʒaw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɔːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɒːb.d͡ʒów]


آب میوه

head

آب میوه • (âb mive)

fa-noun

آب میوه • (âb mive)


آرامش

head

آرامش • (ârâmeš)

fa-noun

آرامش • (ârâmeš)

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ˈmiʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɔː.ɾɔː.míʃ]

[ʔɒː.ɹɒː.méʃ]

af

آرام (ârâm) + ـش (-eš)

نخست آفرین کرد بر کردگار
خداوند آرامش و کارزار

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Siyāwash”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He made his first praises to the Creator,
The Lord [both] of calm and of the battlefield.

naxust āfarīn kard bar kardgār
xudāwand-i ārāmiš u kārzār

مریض شوق بیدل هرگز آسودن نمیخواهد
که همچون نبض موج آخر کفن میگردد آرامش

c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, “Ghazal 1808”, in دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:

Those sick with love-yearning which takes their heart away never want to rest;
Like the pulse of the wave, the shroud finally becomes their repose.

marīz-i šawq-i bēdil hargiz āsūdan na-mē-xwāhad
ki hamčūn nabz-i mawj āxar kafan mē-gardad ārāmiš

quietness; calmness; tranquility; peace, peace and quiet


شال

→ Arabic: شَال (šāl)

→ Azerbaijani: şal

→ Bashkir: шәл (şəl)

→ Czech: šál

→ Danish: sjal

→ Dutch: sjaal

Afrikaans: sjaal

→ English: shawl

→ Japanese: ショール (shōru)

→ Korean: 숄 (syol)

→ Finnish: šaali

desctree

→ French: châle
→ Catalan: xal
→ Franco-Provençal: ch·âle
→ Italian: scialle
→ Greek: σάλι (sáli)
→ Polish: szal
→ Spanish: chal

→ Georgian: შალი (šali)

→ German: Schal

→ Gujarati: શાલ (śāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाल (śāl)

Urdu: شال (śāl)

→ Hungarian: sál

→ Indonesian: syal

→ Kannada: ಶಾಲು (śālu)

→ Marathi: शाल (śāl)

→ Middle Armenian: շալ (šal)

Armenian: շալ (šal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شال (şal)
Turkish: şal
→ Albanian: shall
→ Bulgarian: шал (šal)
→ Macedonian: шал (šal)
→ Romanian: sal, șal
→ Serbo-Croatian: šȁl
→ Slovene: šȃl

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਲ (śāl)

Shahmukhi script: شال (śāl)

→ Russian: шаль (šalʹ)

→ Kazakh: шәлі (şälı)

→ Slovak: šál

→ Swedish: sjal

→ Uzbek: shol

→ Yiddish: שאַל (shal)

Borrowed from Indo-Aryan. Compare Hindi दुशाला (duśālā), from Sanskrit शाटी (śāṭī), feminine of शाट (śāṭa, “clothing”). Sometimes said to be from or influenced by Chāliāt, a Persian pronunciation of Chaliyam in India, supposedly where they were first made.


اسپاگتی

head

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

fa-noun

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]


راست

head

راست • (râst)

fa-noun

راست • (râst)

→ Armenian: ռաստ (ṙast)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रास्त (rāst)

Urdu: راست (rāst)

→ Kazakh: рас (ras)

→ Khalaj: râst

→ Ottoman Turkish: راست (râst)

Turkish: rast

→ Uzbek: rost

→ Yagnobi: рост (rost)

From Middle Persian rāst, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta, “right”), from Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.

inh

دروغ مصلحت آمیز به از راست فتنه انگیز.
doruğ-e maslahat-âmiz beh az râst-e fetne-angiz.
A lie which brings benefit is better than a truth that causes sedition.


آبشار

head

آبشار • (âbšâr) (plural آبشارها (âbšâr-hâ))

→ Gujarati: આબશાર (ābaśār)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭡𐭱𐭠𐭥 (ābšār), equivalent to آب (âb, “water”) + شار (šâr, “pour”), see شاریدن (šâridan) for the second part. Compare Northern Kurdish avşirr, daşirr (“toilet”).

نگسلد فریاد مرغان چمن از یکدگر
روز و شب از تردماغی چون صدای آبشار

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 17”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The cries of the meadow nightingales do not separate from each other
Out of mirth day and night, like the sound of the waterfall.

na-gusilad faryād-i murğān-i čaman az yakdigar
rōz u šab az tardimāğī čūn sadā-yi ābšār


اسپانیولی

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa-noun

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa:اسپانیولی


آلمانی

head

آلمانی • (âlmâni) (plural آلمانیها (âlmâni-hâ))

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɒːl.mɒː.níː]


باز

باز • (bâz) (plural بازها (bâz-hâ) or بازان (bâzân))

bâz (romanization)
بازها (plural)
بازان (plural)

→ Bengali: বাজ (baj)

→ Burushaski: baaz

→ Georgian: ბაზი (bazi)

→ Northern Kurdish: baz

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: बाज़ (bāz)

Urdu: باز (bāz)

→ Khalaj: bâz

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਜ਼ (bāz)

Shahmukhi script: باز (bāz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باز (baz)

→ Old Armenian: բազէ (bazē)

Armenian: բազե (baze)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭰 (bʾc /bāz/, “hawk, falcon”). Related to Sanskrit भास (bhāsa, “bird of prey”), as well as Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian բազէ (bazē), Georgian ბაზი (bazi), and Classical Syriac ܒܙܝܩܐ (bāzīqā).


تانک

head

تانک • (tânk)

fa-noun

تانک • (tânk)


کردی

پدر من کردی بلد است. (more literary)

پدرم کردی بلده. (more colloquial)


سفر

Borrowed from Arabic سَفَر (safar). Cognate of English safari.

من سفر هوائی را دوست ندارم.


کره‌ای

کرهای (canonical)
kore-yi (romanization)


شش

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swš /suš/, “lung”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬱 (suš, “lung”), Pashto سږى (sëģay),Southern Kurdish سۊە (süe /süa/), Northern Kurdish sîh (/sīh/), Gurani سِسی (sisî /sisī/) and Ossetian сос (sos, “hollowed; lung”).


هزار

head

هزار • (hazâr) (plural هزارها (hazâr-hâ))

→ Assamese: হাজাৰ (hazar)

→ Avar: азарго (azargo)

→ Bengali: হাজার (hajar)

→ Chechen: эзар (ezar)

→ Gujarati: હજાર (hajār)

→ Ingush: эзар (ezar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हज़ार (hazār)

Urdu: ہزار (hazār)

→ Marathi: हजार (hajār)

→ Nepali: हजार (hajār)

→ Punjabi: ਹਜ਼ਾਰ (hazār), ਹਜਾਰ (hajār) / ہزار (hazār)

→ Rohingya: házar, ázar

→ Santali: ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (hajar)

→ Sindhi: هزار (hazāru)

→ Yagnobi: ҳазор (hazor)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾl /hazār/) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡 (hzʾr)), from Proto-Iranian *hajáhram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-ǵʰéslom.
Indo-Iranian cognates include Pashto زر (zër), Baluchi ہزار (hazár), Central Kurdish ھەزار (hezar), Ossetian ӕрзӕ (ærzæ), and Sanskrit सहस्र (sa-hásra).

inh

گر عاشقی بپیشت افغان کند عجب نیست
هر جا گلیست باشد هم ناله هزاری

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 89:

If a lover wails before you, it is nothing strange;
Wherever there is a rose, there is also the lament of a nightingale.

gar āšiqī ba-pēšat afğān kunad ajab nēst
har jā gulē-st bāšad ham nāla-yi hazārē

هزاردستان هزاردستان#Persian

(poetic) nightingale; short for هزاردستان (hazârdastân).


مرده

head

مرده • (morde) (plural مردگان (mordegân) or مردهها (morde-hâ))

morde (romanization)
مردگان (plural)
مردهها (plural)

→ Bengali: মুর্দা (murda)

→ Urdu: مردہ (murda)

→ Nepali: मुर्दा (murdā)

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *mr̥táh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós, from *mer- (“to die”).


آرام

آرام • (ârâm)

fa-noun

آرام • (ârâm)

From Proto-Iranian *ā-rām(a)-, from *ā- (“ad-”) + *rām- (“calm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at”) + *h₁rem- (“to rest”).

آن قصر که بهرام در و جام گرفت، روبه بچه کرد و شیر آرام گرفت

c. 1100, Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam:

In that palace where Bahram grasped the wine-cup; the foxes whelp, and the lions take their rest.

ân qasr ke bahrâm dar u jâm gereft, rubah bačče kard va šir ârâm gereft.


خیابان

head

خیابان • (xiyâbân) (plural خیابانها (xiyâbân-hâ))

xiyâbân (romanization)
خیابانها (plural)

→ Georgian: ხეივანი (xeivani)

af

خی (xi, “chi (letter)”) + بان (bân, “keeper”)


سیگار

head

سیگار • (sigâr)

fa-noun

سیگار • (sigâr)


هواپیما

head

هواپیما • (havâpeymâ) (plural هواپیماها (havâpeymâ-hâ))

havâpeymâ (romanization)
هواپیماها (plural)
هواپیما (singular)
havâpeymấ (singular)
هواپیماها (plural)
havâpeymâ-hấ (plural)
هواپیما را (definite direct-object singular)
havâpeymấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
هواپیما رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
havâpeymấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
هواپیماها را (definite direct-object plural)
havâpeymâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
هواپیماها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
havâpeymâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
هواپیمای (ezafe singular)
havâpeymấ-ye (ezafe singular)
هواپیماهای (ezafe plural)
havâpeymâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
هواپیمایی (definite relative singular)
هواپیمایی (indefinite singular stressed)
havâpeymấ-i (definite relative singular)
havâpeymấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
هواپیماهایی (definite plural relative)
هواپیماهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
havâpeymâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
havâpeymâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)

Fa-هواپیما.ogg

From هوا (havâ) + پیما (peymâ, present stem of پیمودن (peymudan)).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پیمودن</i> (peymudan)

شرکتشون پنجتا از جدیدترین هواپیماهای موجود و میخره.

Their company is buying five of the newest available airplanes.

šerkatešun panj-tâ az jadid-tarin havâpeymâ-hâ-ye mowjud-o mi-xare.


کوشک

head

کوشْک • (kušk) (plural کوشکها (kušk-hâ))

کوشْک (canonical)
kušk (romanization)
کوشکها (plural)
کوشک (singular)
kốšk (singular)
کوشکها (plural)
kôšk-hấ (plural)
کوشکا (colloquial plural)
kôškấ (plural)
کوشک را (definite direct-object singular)
kốšk râ (definite direct-object singular)
کوشک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kốško (definite direct-object singular)
کوشکها را (definite direct-object plural)
kôšk-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کوشکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kôškấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کوشک (ezafe singular)
kốšk-e (ezafe singular)
کوشکهای (ezafe plural)
kôšk-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کوشکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kôškấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کوشکی (definite relative singular)
کوشکی (indefinite singular stressed)
kốšk-i (definite relative singular)
kốšk-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کوشکهایی (definite plural relative)
کوشکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kôškấn-i, kôšk-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kôškấn-i, kôšk-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کوشکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کوشکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kôškấi (definite plural relative)
kôškấi (indefinite plural stressed)
کوشکم (first-person possessive singular)
kốškam (first-person possessive singular)
کوشکهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kôšk-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کوشکهام، کوشکام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kôškấm (first-person possessive singular)
کوشکت (possessive second-person singular)
kốškat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kốšket (possessive second-person singular)
کوشکهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kôšk-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کوشکهات، کوشکات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kôškất (possessive second-person singular)
کوشکش (possessive singular third-person)
kốškaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kốškeš (possessive singular third-person)
کوشکهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kôšk-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کوشکهاش، کوشکاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kôškấš (possessive singular third-person)
کوشکمان (first-person plural possessive)
kốškemân (first-person plural possessive)
کوشکمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kốškemun (first-person plural possessive)
کوشکهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kôšk-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کوشکهامون، کوشکامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kôškấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کوشکتان (plural possessive second-person)
kốšketân (plural possessive second-person)
کوشکتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kốšketun (plural possessive second-person)
کوشکهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kôšk-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کوشکهاتون، کوشکاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kôškấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کوشکشان (plural possessive third-person)
kốškešân (plural possessive third-person)
کوشکشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kốškešun (plural possessive third-person)
کوشکهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kôšk-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کوشکهاشون، کوشکاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kôškấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Tajik: кӯшк (küšk)

→ Azerbaijani: köşk

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كوشك (köşk, kuşk)
Turkish: köşk
→ Armenian: քյոշկ (kʻyošk)
→ Italian: chiosco
→ French: kiosque
→ Dutch: kiosk
Afrikaans: kiosk
→ Indonesian: kios
→ Ternate: kios
→ English: kiosk
→ Norman: kiosque
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kiosk
→ Polish: kiosk
→ Portuguese: quiosque
→ Persian: کیوسک (kiyusk)
→ Russian: киоск (kiosk), кіо́скъ (kiósk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Georgian: კიოსკი (ḳiosḳi)
→ Hebrew: קִיּוֹסְק (kiyósk)
→ Yakut: киоск (kiosk)
→ Spanish: kiosco
→ English: kiosk
→ Japanese: キオスク (kiosuku)
→ German: Kiosk
→ Hungarian: kioszk
→ Persian: کیوسک (kiyusk)
→ Polish: kiosk
→ Portuguese: quiosque
→ Spanish: quiosco
→ Romanian: chioșc

→ Turkmen: köşk

From Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk, “pavilion, palace, kiosk”). Compare Aramaic קושקא (qōšqāʾ) / ܓܘܫܩܐ (gawšāqāʾ), Iranian borrowings. Doublet of کیوسک.


داروخانه

head

داروخانِه • (dâruxâne) (plural داروخانهها (dâruxâne-hâ))

داروخانِه (canonical)
dâruxâne (romanization)
داروخانهها (plural)

→ Bashkir: дарыухана (darıwxana)

→ Kazakh: дәріхана (därıxana)

→ Kyrgyz: дарыкана (darıkana)

→ Tatar: даруханә (daruxanä)

→ Turkmen: daruxanä

desc

→ Uyghur: دورىخانا (dorixana), دوراخانا (doraxana)

→ Uzbek: dorixona

pharmacy (a place where prescription drugs are dispensed)


سلطانه

head

سلطانه • (soltâne)


لاک‌پشت

لاکپشت • (lâk-pošt)

fa-noun

لاکپشت • (lâk-pošt)

لاکپشت (canonical)
lâk-pošt (romanization)

From لاک (lâk, “trough”) + پشت (pošt, “back”), literally “(animal having) a trough on its back.


الکل

head

اَلْکُل • (alkol) (plural الکلها (alkol-hâ))

اَلْکُل (canonical)
alkol (romanization)
الکلها (plural)


تن

→ Bashkir: тән (tən)

→ Kazakh: тән (tän)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تن (ten)

Turkish: ten

→ Uyghur: تەن (ten)

→ Uzbek: tan

Inherited from Middle Persian tn' (tan), from Old Persian 𐎫𐎵𐎢𐏁 (tanūš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tanúHs, from Proto-Indo-European *tenuh₂- (“body”).


تن

Borrowed from French tonne (in Iran) or from English ton (in Dari).


رانندگی

[rɑː.nän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[rɑː.nän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[rɑː.nän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[ɹɒː.næn̪d̪e.ɡʲíː]

[ɾɔ.nän̪.d̪ä.ɡí]

From راننده (rânande, “driver”) + ـگی (-gi, abstract noun suffix).


الاغ

head

الاغ • (olâğ)

fa-noun

الاغ • (olâğ)

From Turkic. Compare Chagatai اولاغ (ulaǧ, “beast of burden”), Uzbek ulov (“beast of burden”), Uzbek uloq (“kid, yeanling”), Ottoman Turkish اولاق (ulak, “courier, messenger”).


نرم‌افزار

نرمافزار (canonical)
narm-afzâr (romanization)


سخت‌افزار

سختافزار (canonical)
saxt-afzâr (romanization)


دارو

→ Kazakh: дәрі (därı), дәру (däru)

→ Kyrgyz: дары (darı)

→ Bengali: দারু (daru)

→ Chakma: 𑄘𑄢𑄪 (dāru)

→ Gujarati: દારૂ (dārū)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दारू (dārū)

Urdu: دارو (dārū)

→ Marathi: दारू (dārū)

→ Odia: ଦାରୁ (dāru)

→ Pashto: دارو (dârû)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾlwkˈ /dārūg/, “drug, medicament”), perhaps from Proto-Iranian *dā́rukah (“tree, wood”). Compare Parthian 𐫅𐫀𐫓𐫇𐫃 (dʾlwg /dālūg/, “plant, tree”). Unrelated to English drug.

cog

دارو اثر کرد.


چاپگر

head

چاپگر • (čâpgar)

fa-noun

چاپگر • (čâpgar)

[t͡ʃɑːp.ɡaɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːp.ɡäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːp.ɡäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːp.ɡäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔːp.ɡäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːp.ɡʲæɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔp.ɡäɾ]

From چاپ (čâp, “print”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).


آرامی

head

آرامی • (ârâmi)

fa-noun

آرامی • (ârâmi)

af

آرام (ârâm) + ـی (i)


راه‌آهن

head

راهآهن • (râh-âhan)

fa-noun

راهآهن • (râh-âhan)

راهآهن (canonical)
râh-âhan (romanization)

desc

Urdu: راہ آہن (rāh-āhan, “railway, railroad”)

[rɑːɦ.ʔɑː.ɦǽn]

[rɑːɦ.ʔɑː.ɦǽn]

[ɹɒːɦ.ʔɒː.ɦǽn]

[ɾɔɦ.ʔɔ.ɦǽn]

From راه (râh) + آهن (âhan), after French chemin de fer.


رستوران

head

رِسْتوران • (restorân) (plural رستورانها (restorân-hâ))

رِسْتوران (canonical)
restorân (romanization)
رستورانها (plural)

Near-synonym: سفرهخانه (sofrexâne, “traditional-style Iranian restaurant”)


راه

→ Hindi: राह (rāh)

→ Urdu: راہ (rāh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਹ (rāh)

Shahmukhi script: راه (rāh)

From Middle Persian lʾs (/rāh/, “road, way”) from Proto-Iranian *Hrāθáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrātʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-. Compare Old Armenian ռահ (ṙah), borrowed from Middle Iranian.


رادیو

رادیو • (râdiyo)

fa-noun

رادیو • (râdiyo)

From French radio (Iranian Persian) or English radio (Dari).


گاراژ

head

گاراژ • (gârâž)

fa-noun

گاراژ • (gârâž)


مانتو

head

مانتو • (mânto) (plural مانتوها (mânto-hâ))

[mɒːn̪.t̪ʰó]

Borrowed from French manteau during the Qajar period. The current usage originated in the 1970s.

(Iran) a woman’s coat or upper garment that can be worn in public without a chador (see usage note below)


وانیل

وانیل • (vânil)

fa-noun

وانیل • (vânil)


زگیل

head

زگیل • (zegil) (plural زگیلها (zegil-hâ))


پیتزا

پیتزا • (pitzâ)

fa-noun

پیتزا • (pitzâ)

[pʰiːt̪ˈzɒː]

پیتزای سبزیجات


عبرانی

head

عبرانی • ('ebrâni)

fa-noun

عبرانی • ('ebrâni)

[ʔiβ.ɾɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]


کارت پستال

head

کارت پستال • (kârt postâl)

fa-noun

کارت پستال • (kârt postâl)

fa:کارت پستال


موزه

head

موزه • (muze, môza) (plural موزهها (muze-hâ, môza-hâ))

muze (romanization)
môza (romanization)
موزهها (plural)

From Middle Persian mwck' (mōzag, “shoe”), from *hmáwčati (“to clothe”). Compare Middle Persian (Pazend) [Avestan needed] (mōža, “stocking, boot”), Parthian (Book Pahlavi) mwck' (mōžag), Baluchi [script needed] (mōzag, mōžaġ, “boot, legging”), Pashto موزه (mōza, “stocking, boot, covering for the legs, long boot”), as well as the Iranian borrowings — Old Armenian մուճակ (mučak), Arabic موزج (mawzaj), Byzantine Greek μουζάκιον (mouzákion, “boots”), μουζακίτζης (mouzakítzēs, “short boots?”), family names or nicknames Μουζάκιος (Mouzákios), Μουζάκης (Mouzákēs), the last four possibly via Armenian.

cog

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
حسنک پیدا آمد، بیبند، جبهای داشت حبریرنگ با سیاه میزد، خلقگونه و دراعه و ردایی سخت پاکیزه و دستاری نشابوری مالیده و موزهٔ میکاییلی نو در پای و موی سر مالیده، زیر دستار پوشیده کرده اندک مایه پیدا میبود.
hasanak paydâ âmad, bê-band, jubba-ê dâšt hibrî-rang bâ siyâh mê-zad, xalaq-gûna u durrâ'a u ridâ-ê saxt pâkîza u dastâr-ê nešâbûrî mâlîda u môza-i mîkâ'îlî-i nô dar pây u mô-i sar mâlîda, zîr-i dastâr pôšîda karda, andak mâya paydâ mê-bûd.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


موزه

head

موزِه • (muze) (plural موزهها (muze-hâ))

موزِه (canonical)
muze (romanization)
موزهها (plural)


ترافیک

ترافیک • (terâfik)

fa-noun

ترافیک • (terâfik)

[t̪ʰe.ɹɒː.fíːkʲ]


پروژه

head

پروژه • (perože or porože) (plural پروژهها (perože-hâ))

perože (romanization)
porože (romanization)
پروژهها (plural)

[pʰʊ.ɾoː.ʒä]

[pʰʊ.ɾoː.ʒä]

[pʰʊ.ɾoː.ʒä]

[pʰu.ɾʊː.ʒä]


تمبر

→ Azerbaijani: təmr

تمبر زدن

مجموعه تمبر


گوشواره

گوشواره • (gušvâre) (plural گوشوارهها (gušvâre-hâ))

gušvâre (romanization)
گوشوارهها (plural)

[ɡoːʃ.wɑː.ˈɾa]

[ɡoːʃ.wɑː.ɾǽ]

[ɡoːʃ.wɑː.ɾǽ]

[ɡoːʃ.wɑː.ɾǽ]

[ɡʊːʃ.wɔː.ɾǽ]

[ɡ̥uːʃ.vɒː.ɹé]


نرم

→ Khalaj: narm

→ Bengali: নরম (norom)

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *namráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *namrás (“submissive, humble”).


لیسانس

head

لیسانس • (lisâns)

fa-noun

لیسانس • (lisâns)


ژاکت

head

ژاکت • (žâkat) (plural ژاکتها (žâkat-hâ))


دانشگاه

دانِشْگاه • (dânešgâh) (plural دانشگاهها (dânešgâh-hâ))

دانِشْگاه (canonical)
dânešgâh (romanization)
دانشگاهها (plural)

Urdu: دانِش گاہ (dāniś gāh)

Azerbaijani: danişgah

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑː]

[d̪ɔː.niʃ.ɡɔː]

[d̪ɒː.neʃ.ɡɒːʱ]

Fa-دانشگاه.ogg

From دانش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “place”).

af

دانِشْگاهِ تِهْران


آپارتمان

head

آپارْتِمان • (âpârtemân) (plural آپارتمانها (âpârtemân-hâ))

آپارْتِمان (canonical)
âpârtemân (romanization)
آپارتمانها (plural)

→ Central Kurdish: ئاپارتمان (apartman)

[ʔɒː.pʰɒːɹ.t̪ʰe.mɒ́ːn]


ژامبون

ژامبون • (žâmbon)

fa-noun

ژامبون • (žâmbon)


سنجاب

head

سنجاب • (sanjâb, senjâb) (plural سنجابها (sanjâb-hâ, senjâb-hâ))

sanjâb (romanization)
senjâb (romanization)
سنجابها (plural)

→ Arabic: سِنْجَاب (sinjāb)

→ Azerbaijani: sincab

→ Georgian: სინჯაფი (sinǯapi)

→ Northern Kurdish: sencab

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سنجاب (sıncab), زنجاب (zincab, zıncab), սինճապ (sincab), սընճապ (sıncab) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: sincap
→ Armenian: սնճապ (snčap)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (snc'p /sanjâb/), perhaps from the same root as سمور (samur, “sable, Martes zibellina”). Cognate with Southern Kurdish سنجاو (sincaw).


عصب‌شناسی

عصبشناسی (canonical)
'asab-šenâsi (romanization)


شیمی

head

شیمی • (šimi)

fa-noun

شیمی • (šimi)

جایزه نوبل شیمی


خون‌شناسی

head

خونشناسی • (xun-šenâsi)

fa-noun

خونشناسی • (xun-šenâsi)

خونشناسی (canonical)
xun-šenâsi (romanization)

From خون + ـشناسی.

af

خون + ـشناسی


بیوشیمی

head

بیوشیمی • (biyošimi)

fa-noun

بیوشیمی • (biyošimi)


بیولوژی

head

بیولوژی • (biyoloži)

fa-noun

بیولوژی • (biyoloži)


جاسوسی

head

جاسوسی • (jâsusi)

fa-noun

جاسوسی • (jâsusi)


لاله

→ Arabic: لَعْلَع (laʕlaʕ)

→ Azerbaijani: lalə

desctree

→ Chagatai: لاله
Uyghur: لالە (lale)
Uzbek: lola

→ Gujarati: લાલો (lālo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाला (lālā)

Urdu: لالہ (lāla)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لاله (lale)
Turkish: lale
→ Albanian: lale
→ Aromanian: lalei, lalee
→ Bulgarian: лале́ (lalé)
→ Greek: λαλές (lalés)
→ Macedonian: лале (lale)
→ Romanian: lalea
→ Serbo-Croatian: lála / ла́ла

→ Turkmen: läle


شراب

head

شَراب • (šarâb)

fa-noun

شَراب • (šarâb)

مگر سپاه سالار که هرگز شراب نخورده بود.

11th century, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 78:

except the Sipahsalar [Army Commander], who had never drunk wine.

magar sepâh-sâlâr ke hargez šarâb na-xorde bud.


دانش

head

دانِش • (dâneš)

fa-noun

دانِش • (dâneš)

→ Azerbaijani: daniş

→ Chagatai: دانش

Uzbek: donish

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दानिश (dāniś)

Urdu: دانِش (dāniś)

Malay: Danish

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانش (daniş)

Turkish: daniş

→ Pashto: دانش (dâníš)

→ Punjabi: دانِش (dāniś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਨਸ਼ (dānaś)

Shahmukhi script: دانش (dāniš)


اتمام

head

اتمام • (etmâm)

fa-noun

اتمام • (etmâm)


افق

Borrowed from Arabic أُفُق (ʔufuq, “horizon”).


تلویزیون

head

تِلِویزیون • (televizyon) (plural تلویزیونها (televizyon-hâ))

تَلوِیزِیُون

تَلوِیزِیُون • (talwīzyūn) (plural تلویزیونها (talwīzyūn-hā))

fa-noun

تَلوِیزِیُون

تِلِویزیون (canonical)
televizyon (romanization)
تلویزیونها (plural)
تَلوِیزِیُون (canonical)
talwīzyūn (romanization)
تلویزیونها (plural)

Borrowed from French télévision in Iran, or English television in Dari.


دژ

→ Urdu: دژ (daž)

Iranian (Parthian?), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoyǵʰhos (“wall”), from the root *dʰeyǵʰ-; see there for further information.
The less common form دز (dez) is from Middle Persian KLYTA / dc (diz, “fortress”)

Alternative form: دز (dez)


جانورشناس

head

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)

fa-noun

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)


گول

اگر بستمت از نکوهش زبان
مرا گول نشمار و غافل مدان

1700s, Āẕar Baygdilī, دیوان آذر بیگدلی:

If I close my tongue to you from reproach,
Consider me not a fool, nor think that I am ignorant.

agar bastam-at az nakuheš zabân
ma-râ gul na-šomâr o ğâfel ma-dân


ژن

Borrowed from French gène, from German Gen. From the same Proto-Indo-European root come Persian زادن (zâdan, “to birth, to beget”).


جانورشناسی

head

جانورشناسی • (jânvar-šenâsi)

fa-noun

جانورشناسی • (jânvar-šenâsi)

LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-جانورشناسی.wav

From جانور + ـشناسی.

af

جانور + ـشناسی


ترجمه

head

تَرْجَمَه • (tarjome) (plural ترجمهها (tarjome-hâ) or تراجم (tarâjem))

تَرْجَمَه (canonical)
tarjome (romanization)
ترجمهها (plural)
تراجم (plural)

→ Assamese: তৰ্জমা (torzoma)

→ Bengali: তর্জমা (torjoma)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तर्जुमा (tarjumā)

Urdu: تَرْجَمَہ (tarjama)

desc

→ Marathi: तर्जमा (tarjamā), तरजमा (tarajmā), तरजुमा (tarjumā), तजुमा (tajumā)

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mä]

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mä]

[t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mä]

Learned borrowing from Arabic تَرْجَمَة (tarjama).


پوسته

head

پوسته • (puste) (plural پوستهها (puste-hâ))

[pʰʊːs.t̪ʰǽ]


بازی

Related to باختن (bâxtan, “to lose; to play”).


پوست

→ Urdu: پوست (pōst)

From Middle Persian pwst' (pōst, “skin, hide, shell”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā).
See also Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).


پدیده

head

پدیده • (padide) (plural پدیدهها (padide-hâ))

From پدید (padid, “apparent”) + ـه (-e).

پدیده طبیعی


درخت

درخت • (deraxt, daraxt) (plural درختان (deraxtân, daraxtân) or درختها (deraxt-hâ, daraxt-hâ))

deraxt (romanization)
daraxt (romanization)
درختان (plural)
درختها (plural)

→ Gujarati: દરખત (darkhat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दरख़्त (daraxt)

Urdu: درخت (daraxt)

→ Khalaj: diraxt

→ Kyrgyz: дарак (darak)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਖ਼ਤ (darxat)

Shahmukhi script: درخت (daraxt)

→ Marwari: दरखत (darakht)

→ Uyghur: دەرەخ (derex)

→ Uzbek: daraxt

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlht'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlʾht'), 𐫅𐫡𐫟𐫤 (drxt /draxt/, “tree”), from Proto-Iranian *draxta- (“firmly standing”), with the first part deriving from Proto-Iranian *drag- (“to hold, strengthen”), itself related to Proto-Iranian *dā́ru (“wood, tree”) and/or Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar- (“to hold, support”). Cognate with Vedic Sanskrit दारुष् (dāruṣ), Parthian 𐫅𐫡𐫟𐫤 (drxt /draxt/), Baluchi درچک (diračk, “tree”). Compare also the Iranian borrowings Imperial Aramaic 𐡃𐡓𐡇𐡕𐡀 (drḥtʾ, “tree”), Old Armenian դրախտ (draxt, “garden; paradise”).


حلزون

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَزُون (ḥalazūn).


ژاله

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ژاله • (žâle)

fa-noun

ژاله • (žâle)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d- (“ice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza).


ژاله

→ Gujarati: ઝાલા (jhālā)

→ Turkish: jale

→ Urdu: ژالہ (žāla)


مشت

head

مشت • (mošt)

fa-noun

مشت • (mošt)

→ Classical Azerbaijani: müşt

desctree

→ Middle Georgian: მუშტი (mušṭi)
→ Armenian: մուշտի (mušti)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مشت (muşt)
Turkish: muşt

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwšt' /mušt/, “fist”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti) and Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi). Also compare Old Armenian մշտիկ (mštik), an Iranian borrowing.


طبیب

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तबीब (tabīb)

Urdu: طَبِیب (tabīb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طبیب (tabīb)

Turkish: tabip


سامی

Borrowed from Arabic سَامِيّ (sāmiyy, “Semitic, Semite”).


شانس

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شانس • (šâns)

fa-noun

شانس • (šâns)


بشکه

head

بشکه • (boške) (plural بشکهها (boške-hâ))


بالکن

بالکن • (bâlkon) (plural بالکنها (bâlkon-hâ))


ژیمناستیک

ژیمناستیک • (žimnâstik)

fa-noun

ژیمناستیک • (žimnâstik)

fa:ژیمناستیک


زنگ

→ Bengali: জং (joṅ)

→ Chagatai: زنگ (zang)

Uzbek: zang

Uyghur: زەڭ (zeng)

→ Gujarati: ઝંગ (jhaṅg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ंग (zaṅg)

Urdu: زَنگ (zaṅg)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੰਗ (zaṅg)

Shahmukhi script: زَنگ (zang)

Cognate with Central Kurdish ژەنگ (jeng), Northern Kurdish jeng, Baluchi زنگ (zang), and with Iranian borrowings in Old Armenian ժանգ (žang), and Caucasian languages such as Georgian ჟანგი (žangi), ჯანგი (ǯangi).
Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *geng- (“lump”) and cognate with Ancient Greek γόγγρος (góngros, “tubercular disease in olive-trees”). For the sense development compare the meanings "cancer", "disease of plants" found in some of the cognates.


زنگ

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: զանկ (zank)
Armenian: զանգ (zang)

→ Azerbaijani: zəng
→ Udi: заьнҝ (zängʲ)

→ Gujarati: ઝંગ (jhaṅg)

Cognate with Central Kurdish زەنگ (zeng). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian զանգակ (zangak), Classical Syriac ܙܓܐ (zaggā), ܙܢܓܐ (zangā).
Perhaps ultimately an Inner Asian Wanderwort from Chinese. Compare Ottoman Turkish چاڭ (çaŋ, “bell”) whence modern Turkish çan; Chulym şaŋ (“bell”); Bashkir саң (sañ);
Old Uyghur [script needed] (čaŋ, “bell; cymbals”); Shor шаң (“bell”); Khakas саң (sañ, “bell”);
all perhaps from Middle Chinese 鉦 (MC tsyeng, “gong”).

cog

زنگِ درب

زنگِ آژیر


مانده

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مانده • (mânde)

fa-noun

مانده • (mânde)


ژنرال

head

ژنرال • (ženerâl) (plural ژنرالها (ženerâl-hâ))


باکره

باکره • (bâkere) (plural باکرهها (bâkere-hâ) or باکرگان (bâkeregân))

bâkere (romanization)
باکرهها (plural)
باکرگان (plural)

[bɑː.kʰɪ.ɾä]

[bɑː.kʰɪ.ɾä]

[bɑː.kʰɪ.ɾä]


کودتا

کودتا • (kudetâ) (plural کودتاها (kudetâ-hâ))

[ˌkʰuːdeˈtʰɒː]


طوفان

طوفان • (tufân) (plural طوفانها (tufân-hâ))


کراک

کراک • (kerâk)

fa-noun

کراک • (kerâk)


طلبه

طالب طالب#Persian


جانور

head

جانور • (jânvar) (plural جانوران (jânvarân) or جانورها (jânvar-hâ))

jânvar (romanization)
جانوران (plural)
جانورها (plural)

→ Assamese: জানোবাৰ (zanübar)

→ Avar: жанавар (žanawar)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: canavar
→ Georgian: ჟანავარ (žanavar) (Ingiloy)
→ Lezgi: жанавур (žanavur)

→ Baluchi: جناور (jináwar)

→ Bashkir: януар (yanwar)

→ Bengali: জানোয়ার (janoẇar)

desc

→ Chagatai: جَانِورُ

→ Chagatai: جَانِورُ

→ Gujarati: જાનવર (jānvar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जानवर (jānvar)

Urdu: جانور (jānvar)

→ Kachchi: જનાવર (janāvar)

→ Kashmiri: جاناوار (jānāvār)

→ Kazakh: жануар (januar)

→ Kumyk: жанавар (janawar)

→ Kurdish:

→ Central Kurdish: جانهوهر (canewer)

→ Northern Kurdish: cinawir

→ Kyrgyz: жаныбар (janıbar)

→ Marathi: जनावर (j̈anāvar)

→ Nepali: जनावर (janāwar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جاناوار
Turkish: canavar
→ Armenian: ջանավար (ǰanavar)
→ Crimean Tatar: canavar
→ Gagauz: canavar

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਨਵਰ (jānvar)

Shahmukhi script: جانور (jānvar)

desc

→ Sindhi: جَانِورُ

→ Sindhi: جَانِورُ

→ Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠥꠀꠞ (zanuar)

→ Tabasaran: жанавар (žanavar)

→ Tatar: җанвар (canwar)

→ Turkmen: janawer

→ Uyghur: جانىۋار (janiwar)

→ Uzbek: jonivor

[d͡ʒɑːn.wǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɑːn.wǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɑːn.wǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɔːn.wǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɒːɱ.vǽɹ]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗𐫇𐫓 (gyʾnwl /gyānwar/, “animal”). By surface analysis, جان (jân, “life, life-soul”) + ـور (-var, “possessor of”).

surf

دد و دام و هر جانور کش بدید
ز گیتی به نزدیک او آرمید

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Kiyōmars”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Wild beasts, livestock, and every animal in the world that saw him took repose close to him.

dad u dām u har jānwar k-aš bidīd
zi gētī ba nazdīk-i ō āramīd


ساک

sak, ash-e sak, khoreshe sak; a Persian spinach soup


کراوات

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کراوات • (kerâvât) (plural کراواتها (kerâvât-hâ))

kerâvât (romanization)
کراواتها (plural)

[kʰʲe.ɹɒː.vɒ́ːt̪]

Borrowed from French cravate. Doublet of کروات (korovât, “Croat”).


گروه

گروه • (goruh) (plural گروهها (goruh-hâ) or گروهان (goruhân))

goruh (romanization)
گروهها (plural)
گروهان (plural)

→ Gujarati: ગિરોહ (giroh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गिरोह (giroh)

Urdu: گروہ (giroh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گروه

Turkish: güruh

→ Pashto: ګروه (groh)

→ Sindhi: گروهه (giroha)

→ Uyghur: گۇرۇھ (guruh)

→ Uzbek: guruh

From Middle Persian [script needed] (glwh’ /grōh/, “group, crowd”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist, wind (into a mass)”) and cognate with گره (gereh, “knot, tie”), as well as Sanskrit ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie, string together”) and English group.

cog

گروه ۱+۵ ― goruh-e panj be alâve-ye yek ― P5+1

ما نه زان پیلان گولیم ای گروه / که اضطراب ماه آردمان شکوه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2752:

O company [of prophets], we are not [to be reckoned] among those stupid elephants who are terrified by the disturbance of the Moon.

mā na z-ān pīlān-i gōl-ēm ay gurōh / ki iztirāb-i māh āradmān šikōh (Classical reading)


واکسن

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واکسن • (vâksan) (plural واکسنها (vâksan-hâ))


زرافه

زرافه • (zarâfe) (plural زرافهها (zarâfe-hâ))

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Persian زرافهBorrowed from Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa), borrowed from Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐ, borrowed from Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā), from سرنا + پَا (pā).


فلسطینی

head

فلسطینی • (felestini) (plural فلسطینیان (felestiniyân) or فلسطینیها (felestini-hâ))

felestini (romanization)
فلسطینیان (plural)
فلسطینیها (plural)


جوانی

جوانی • (javâni)

fa-noun

جوانی • (javâni)

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.níː]

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.níː]

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.níː]

[d͡ʒæ.vɒː.níː]

From جوان (javân, “young, young person”) + ـی (-i).

suffix

و این زندگانی فانی، جوانی خوشیهای امروز اینجا، به افسوس بسیار فردا نیرزد

2015, Ali Fani (lyrics and music), “Be Tâ-hâ, be Yâ-sin”:

and this transitory course of life, youth, the happiness of today and here, is not worth the great regret of tomorrow

va in zendegâni-ye fâni, javâni, xoši-hâ-ye emruz-o injâ, be afsus-e besyâr-e fardâ na-yarzad