کمربند

kamarband (romanization)
کمربند (singular)
kamarband (singular)
کمربندها (plural)
kamarband-hấ (plural)
کمربندا (colloquial plural)
kamarbandấ (plural)
کمربند را (definite direct-object singular)
kamarband râ (definite direct-object singular)
کمربند رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kamarbando (definite direct-object singular)
کمربندها را (definite direct-object plural)
kamarband-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کمربندا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kamarbandấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کمربند (ezafe singular)
kamarband-e (ezafe singular)
کمربندهای (ezafe plural)
kamarband-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کمربندای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kamarbandấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کمربندی (definite relative singular)
کمربندی (indefinite singular stressed)
kamarband-i (definite relative singular)
kamarband-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کمربندهایی (definite plural relative)
کمربندهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kamarbandấn-i, kamarband-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kamarbandấn-i, kamarband-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کمربندایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کمربندایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kamarbandấi (definite plural relative)
kamarbandấi (indefinite plural stressed)
کمربندم (first-person possessive singular)
kamarbandam (first-person possessive singular)
کمربندهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kamarband-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کمربندهام، کمربندام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kamarbandấm (first-person possessive singular)
کمربندت (possessive second-person singular)
kamarbandat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kamarbandet (possessive second-person singular)
کمربندهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kamarband-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کمربندهات، کمربندات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kamarbandất (possessive second-person singular)
کمربندش (possessive singular third-person)
kamarbandaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kamarbandeš (possessive singular third-person)
کمربندهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kamarband-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کمربندهاش، کمربنداش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kamarbandấš (possessive singular third-person)
کمربندمان (first-person plural possessive)
kamarbandemân (first-person plural possessive)
کمربندمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kamarbandemun (first-person plural possessive)
کمربندهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kamarband-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کمربندهامون، کمربندامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kamarbandấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کمربندتان (plural possessive second-person)
kamarbandetân (plural possessive second-person)
کمربندتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kamarbandetun (plural possessive second-person)
کمربندهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kamarband-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کمربندهاتون، کمربنداتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kamarbandấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کمربندشان (plural possessive third-person)
kamarbandešân (plural possessive third-person)
کمربندشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kamarbandešun (plural possessive third-person)
کمربندهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kamarband-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کمربندهاشون، کمربنداشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kamarbandấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Khalaj: kəmərbənd

→ Punjabi:

→ Punjabi: ਕਮਰਬੰਦ (kamraband)

→ Punjabi: کمربند (kmrbnd)

desc

→ Urdu: کمر بند

→ Urdu: کمر بند / Hindi: कमरबंद (kamarband)

→ English: cummerbund

→ German: Kummerbund

[kʲæmæɾˈbæːnd̪]

[kʲæmæɾˈbænd̪]

From کمر (kamar, “waist”) + بند (band, “band”).


شاگرد

head

شاگِرْد • (šâgerd) (plural شاگردان (šâgerdân) or شاگردها (šâgerd-hâ))

شاگِرْد (canonical)
šâgerd (romanization)
شاگردان (plural)
شاگردها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şagird

→ Bashkir: шәкерт (şəkert)

→ Bengali: শাগরেদ (śagred)

→ Georgian: შეგირდი (šegirdi)

→ Gujarati: શાગિર્દ (śāgird)

→ Hindi: शागिर्द (śāgird)

→ Urdu: شاگِرْد (śāgird)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şagirt, şagird

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاگرد (şâgird)
Turkish: şakirt
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шѐгрт
Latin script: šègrt

[ʃɑː.ˈɡiɾð̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɔː.ɡíɾd̪̪]

[ʃɒː.ɡʲéɹd̪̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšʾklt' /hašāgird/, “disciple, pupil”), from Proto-Iranian *hašā-kr̥táh-. The first component is from Proto-Iranian *hu-šāk-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu- (“good”) + Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), while the latter component is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”). Akin to Old Armenian աշակերտ (ašakert), Aghwan 𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐕜 (ašarḳeṭ), Iranian borrowings.

der

pupil, student, scholar (one who seeks knowledge from others, also used for martial arts students or members of any sports club)


دخترک

(sometimes affectionate or belittling) little girl


جماعت

جَماعَت (canonical)
jamâ'at (romanization)
جماعات (plural)

Tajik: ҷамоат (jamoat)

→ Azerbaijani: camaat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जमात (jamāt)

Urdu: جَماعَت (jamā'at)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جماعت (cemaʼat)
Turkish: cemaat
→ Albanian: xhemat
→ Georgian: ჯამაათი (ǯamaati)
→ Bats: ჯამაათ (ǯamaat)
→ Serbo-Croatian: džèmāt／џѐма̄т

[d͡ʒä.mɑː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɑː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɑːǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɔːǽt̪]

[d͡ʒæ.mɒː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɔ.ʔǽt̪]


نارنج

nârenj (romanization)
nâranj (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: narınc

→ Gujarati: નારંજ (nārañj)

→ Middle Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)

Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)

[nɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[nɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[nɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[nɔː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ̥]

[nɒː.ɹénd͡ʒ̥]

[nɒː.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang).

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

Seville orange, bitter orange, Citrus aurantium


مروارید

head

مروارید • (morvârid or marvârid) (plural مرواریدها (morvârid-hâ, marvârid-hâ))

morvârid (romanization)
marvârid (romanization)
مرواریدها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: mirvari

→ Bashkir: мәрүәр (mərwər)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मरवारीद (marvārīd)

Urdu: مروارید (marvārīd)

→ Kazakh: меруерт (meruert)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مروارید (mervarid)
Turkish: mervarid

→ Uyghur: مەرۋايىت (merwayit)

→ Uzbek: marvarid

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwlwʾlyt' /morwārīd/), [script needed] (mlwʾlyt /marwārīd/) (Book Pahlavi), [Manichaean needed] (mwrwʾryd /morwārīd/) (Manichaean), 𐬨𐬏𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬭𐬍𐬝 (mūrauuārīt̰ /mūravārīt̰/) (Pazend), from Old Persian *margārīta-, according to Beekes, possibly from Proto-Iranian *mŕ̥ga-ahri-ita- (“oyster”, literally “born from the shell of a bird”).
Akin to Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (mwrgʾryd /morγārīd/), Sogdian [script needed] (mrγʾrt(h) /marγārt, marγārit/), Pashto مرغلره (murğalara), Khotanese [script needed] pl (mrāhe, “pearl”), Central Kurdish مرواری (mirwarî). Possibly related to Sanskrit मञ्जरी (mañjarī). Also compare Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs), Old Armenian մարգարիտ (margarit), Old Georgian მარგარიტი (margariṭi), მარგალიტი (margaliṭi), Iranian borrowings.


بلور

desctree

→ Arabic: بِلَّوْر (billawr)
Egyptian Arabic: بلور (ballūr), بنور (bannūr)
Moroccan Arabic: بلار (ballār)
→ Amharic: በሉር (bälur)
→ Middle Armenian: պլօր (plōr), պիլօր (pilōr)
→ Galician: abelorio
→ Ge'ez: ብሉር (bəlur)
→ Gujarati: બિલોર (bilor)
→ Hindi: बिल्लौर (billaur)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بلور (billur)
Turkish: billur
→ Bulgarian: билю́р (biljúr)
→ Serbo-Croatian: bìljūr / бѝљӯр
→ Crimean Tatar: billur
→ Punjabi: ਬਲੌਰ (balaur)
→ Portuguese: avelório
→ Spanish: abalorio
→ Tigre: በሉር (bälur), በኑር (bänur)
→ Uzbek: billur

→ Malay: balur

Indonesian: balur

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bylwl /*bēlūr/, “crystal”), from Pali veḷuriya. Compare Parthian [Term?] (byrwl /*bērūl/, “crystal”) and Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).


صندوق

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صندوق • (sanduq) (plural صندوقها (sanduq-hâ) or صنادیق)

sanduq (romanization)
صندوقها (plural)
صنادیق (plural)

→ Assamese: চন্দুক (sonduk)

→ Bengali: সিন্দুক (śinduk)

→ Azerbaijani: sandıq

→ Bashkir: һандыҡ (handıq)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: संदूक़ (sandūq)

→ Urdu: صندوق (sandūq)

→ Kannada: ಸಂದೂಕ (sandūka)

→ Kazakh: сандық (sandyq)

→ Odia: ସିନ୍ଦୁକ (sinduka)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صندوق (sanduk)
→ Turkish: sandık
→ Albanian: sënduk
→ Bulgarian: сандъ́к (sandǎ́k)
→ Macedonian: са́ндак (sándak)
→ Romanian: sunduc
→ Russian: сунду́к (sundúk) (via Turkic)
→ Solombala English: сундукъ (sunduk)
→ Russenorsk: sondok
→ Serbo-Croatian: са̀ндук / sànduk

→ Pashto: صندوق (sandúq)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸੰਦੂਕ਼ (sandūq), صندوق (ṣndoq)

→ Uyghur: ساندۇق (sanduq)

→ Uzbek: sandiq

[sæn̪.d̪úːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic صُنْدُوق (ṣundūq)، from Aramaic צנדוק (ṣəndūq), ultimately from Ancient Greek σῠνθήκη (sunthḗkē).


اختلاف

head

اختلاف • (extelâf) (plural اختلافات (extelâfât))

extelâf (romanization)
اختلافات (plural)

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

bor+

اختلاف طبقاتی

چین و آمریکا اختلاف دارند.


کتاب‌فروشی

head

کتابفروشی • (ketâb-foroši)

fa-noun

کتابفروشی • (ketâb-foroši)

کتابفروشی (canonical)
ketâb-foroši (romanization)

fa:کتاب‌فروشی

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoː.ʃíː]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoː.ʃíː]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoː.ʃíː]


هرم

head

هرم • (heram) (plural هرمها (heram-hâ) or اهرام (ahrâm))

heram (romanization)
هرمها (plural)
اهرام (plural)


صندوقچه

صندوقچه • (sanduqče)

fa-noun

صندوقچه • (sanduqče)

From صندوق + ـچه, from Arabic صُنْدُوق (ṣundūq).

صندوق صندوق#Persian


آلت

head

آلت • (âlat)

fa-noun

آلت • (âlat)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: آلت (ālat), آلہ (ālā)

→ Thai: อะไหล่ (à-lài)


قلعه

head

قَلعه • (qal'e) (plural قَلعهها (qal'e-hâ) or قِلاع (qelâ'))

قَلعه (canonical)
qal'e (romanization)
قَلعهها (plural)
قِلاع (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qala

→ Bashkir: ҡала (qala)

→ Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़िला (qilā)

desctree

Urdu: قِلْعَہ (qil'a)
→ English: qila
→ Shina: قلعہ (qilla)

→ Kazakh: қала (qala)

→ Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)

→ Marathi: किल्ला (killā)

→ Tajik: қалъа (qalʾa)

→ Tatar: кала (qala)

→ Turkmen: gala

→ Uzbek: qalʼa

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
Turkish: kale
→ Albanian: kala
→ Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
→ Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
→ Macedonian: кале (kale)
→ Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā)

Shahmukhi script: قلعہ (qila)

→ Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)bor.
Persian قلعهBorrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).


هجرت

→ Bengali: হিজরত (hijrot)

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔid͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]


خراب

head

خراب • (xarâb)

fa-noun

خراب • (xarâb)


آی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter i in English and other European languages.


استر

Compare Sanskrit अश्वतर (aśvatará, “mule”, literally “better horse”).


استر

آستر آستر#Persian

Alternative form of آستر (âstar, “lining”)


آستر

head

آستر • (âstar)

fa-noun

آستر • (âstar)

→ Gujarati: અસ્તર (astar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अस्तर (astar)

Urdu: استر (astar)

→ Middle Armenian: աստառ (astaṙ)

→ Khalaj: âstər

Ottoman Turkish: آستار (astar)

Turkish: astar

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[ʔɒːs.t̪ʰǽɹ]

From Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Sanskrit आस्तर (āstara).


اولی

fa-adj

اولیٰ • (owlâ)

Borrowed from Arabic أَوْلَى (ʔawlā), elative of وَلِيّ (waliyy).


اولی

اولو اولو#Persian


گون

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwn' /gōn/, “colour, complexion”), from Proto-Iranian *gauna (“hair; color”), perhaps related to Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “thread, cord”), with further origin beyond Indo-Iranian uncertain.
Possibly from the BMAC substrate. Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *gow-no-m (“something curved or vaulted”), from *gew- (“to curve”).
Akin to Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (gaona, “colour”), Pashto غونه (γūna, “colour”), Ossetian хъуын (qwyn, “hair”). Old Armenian գոյն (goyn) is an Iranian borrowing.

inh

هر دو گون آهو گیا خوردند و آب
زین یکی سرگین شد و ز ان مشک ناب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 269:

Both species of deer ate grass and drank water: from this one came dung, and from that one pure musk.

har du gōn āhū giyā xwardand u āb
z-īn yakē sargēn šud u z-ān mušk-i nāb


گون

Apparently گو (gaw, “cow”) with suffix as hinted at گرزن (garzan, “crown”).


قدح

قَدَح (canonical)
qadah (romanization)
اَقداح (plural)

در بزم دور یکدو قدح درکش و برو
یعنی طمع مدار وصال دوام را

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 7”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

In the feast of time, enjoy just a cup or two and leave;
That is, do not seek a union to last forever.

dar bazm-i dawr yak-do qadah darkaš u biraw
ya'ni tam' ma-dār wisāl-i dawām rā


قدح

head

قَدْح • (qadh)

fa-noun

قَدْح • (qadh)


عزت

desc

→ Assamese: ইজ্জত (izzot), ইজ্জৎ (izzot)

→ Bengali: ইজ্জত (ijjot)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इज़्ज़त (izzat)

Urdu: عِزَّت ('izzat)
→ English: izzat

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਜ਼ਤ (izzat)

Shahmukhi script: عِزَّت (ʻizzat)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَزَّ (ʕazza)
Arabic عِزَّة (ʕizza)bor.
Persian عِزَّتBorrowed from Arabic عِزَّة (ʕizza), from عَزَّ (ʕazza).

etymon

عِزَّت


ترک

head

تُرک • (tork) (plural تُرکان (torkân) or تُرکها (tork-hâ) or اتراک (atrâk))

تُرک (canonical)
tork (romanization)
تُرکان (plural)
تُرکها (plural)
اتراک (plural)

→ Byzantine Greek: Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos)

Greek: Τούρκος (Toúrkos)

→ Medieval Latin: Turcus

desctree

→ Old French: Turc
French: Turc
→ Middle English: Turke, Turc, Turk
English: Turk

⇒ Medieval Latin: Turcia (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुर्क (turk)

Urdu: تُرک (turk)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (twlk' /Turk/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥).

inh

مردمان ترک

مسعود پزشکیان، وزیر سابق بهداشت و نماینده باسابقه تبریز، در طول مبارزات انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری خود همواره بر تُرک بودن خود تاکید کرده است، همانطور که در طول دوران سیاسی خود بر این موضوع تاکید داشته است.

2024 June 23, “مسعود پزشکیان در هر فرصتی بر تُرک بودن خود تأکید میکند”, in fararu.com, Fararu:

Masoud Pezeshkian, the former Minister of Health and Tabriz's veteran representative [in Parliament], has always emphasized that he is an [Azeri] Turk throughout his presidential campaign, just as he has emphasized this fact throughout his political career.

mas'ud-e pezeškiyân, vazir-e sâbeq-e behdâšt va namâyande-ye bâ-sâbeqe-ye tabriz, dar tul-e mobârezât-e entexâbâti riyâsat-e jomhuri-ye xod hamvâre bar tork budan-e xod ta'kid karde ast, hamântowr ke dar tul-e dowrân-e siyâsi-ye xod bar in mowzu' ta'kid dâšte ast.

Turk, someone of Turkic ethnicity (not necessarily from Turkey, e.g. Iranian Azeris)

اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را
به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

If that Shirazi Turk should take my heart within her hand,
For her Indian [i.e. black] mole, I shall give Samarqand and Bukhārā.

agar ān turk-i šērāzī ba dast ārad dil-i mā rā
ba xāl-i hindūyaš baxšam samarqand u buxārā rā

(poetic) the beloved, often in imagery comparing the beloved to a beautiful but cruel Turkish warrior who sacks and plunders the lover's heart.

ترک چرخ

(poetic, figurative, archaic) planet; (especially) Mars (as the warrior planet, hence Turkish)


قاپو

head

قاپو • (qâpu)

fa-noun

قاپو • (qâpu)


سرای

head

سرای • (sarây) (plural سرایها (sarây-hâ))

→ Bashkir: һарай (haray)

desc

→ Arabic: سَرَاي (sarāy), سَرَايَة (sarāya), سَرَايَا (sarāyā)

→ Middle Armenian: սարայ (saray)

Armenian: սարայ (saray)

→ Azerbaijani: saray

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرای (serây, saray) (see there for further descendants)

→ Karakalpak: saray

→ Tatar: сарай (saray)

→ Kazakh: сарай (sarai)

via Turkic:

→ Russian: сара́й (saráj) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: сара́й (saráj)

→ Uyghur: ساراي (saray)

→ Uzbek: saroy

→ Urdu: سرائے (sarā'e)

From Middle Persian slʾd (srāy, “hall, house”), from Old Persian *srāda, from Proto-Iranian *thrāya (“to protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *trā-yo-, suffixed form of *terh₂- (“to cross over”).
Compare Old Armenian սրահ (srah, “hall; curtain”), սրահակ (srahak, “curtain”), Judeo-Persian סראה (srāh, “vestibule”), Arabic سُرَادِق (surādiq, “awning, tent; pavilion, canopy”), and Classical Mandaic ࡎࡓࡃࡒࡀ (sradqā, “pavilion, canopy; curtain”), all borrowed from Iranian.

cog

palace, grand edifice, king's court, seraglio


خیر

head

خِیْر • (xeyr)

fa-noun

خِیْر • (xeyr)

Dari: خَیْر (xayr)

Iranian Persian: خِیْر (xeyr)

Tajik: хайр (xayr)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: خەير (xeyr)

Uzbek: xayr

→ Gujarati: ખૈર (khair)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ैर (xair)

Urdu: خَیر (xair)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੈਰ (khair)

Shahmukhi script: خَیر (xair)

Etymology tree
Arabic خَيْر (ḵayr)bor.
Persian خَیرBorrowed from Arabic خَيْر (ḵayr).

etymon

خَیر


خیر

head

خِیْر • (xeyr)

fa-noun

خِیْر • (xeyr)

خیار خیار#Persian

(Dari, at least in Gardēz and Fayzābād) Alternative form of خیار (xiyâr, “cucumber”)


کرسی

head

کُرْسی • (korsi)

fa-noun

کُرْسی • (korsi)

Borrowed from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy).


ایجاد

head

ایجاد • (ijâd) (plural ایجادها (ijâd-hâ))

ijâd (romanization)
ایجادها (plural)
ایجادم (first-person possessive singular)
ijâdam (first-person possessive singular)
ایجادمان (first-person plural possessive)
ijâdemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ijâdemun (first-person plural possessive)
ایجادت (possessive second-person singular)
ijâdat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ijâdet (possessive second-person singular)
ایجادتان (plural possessive second-person)
ijâdetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ijâdetun (plural possessive second-person)
ایجادش (possessive singular third-person)
ijâdaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ijâdeš (possessive singular third-person)
ایجادشان (plural possessive third-person)
ijâdešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ijâdešun (plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic إِيجَاد (ʔījād, “creation”).


تشریف

head

تشریف • (tašrif)

fa-noun

تشریف • (tašrif)

→ Gujarati: તશરીફ (taśrīph)

[t̪ʰäʃ.ɾíːf]

[t̪ʰäʃ.ɾíːf]

[t̪ʰäʃ.ɾíːf]

[t̪ʰæʃ.ɹíːf]

تشریف آوردن
tašrif âvordan
(honorific) to come visit
(literally, “to bring the honorable presence”)

تشریف بردن
tašrif bordan
(honorific) to leave, to depart
(literally, “to take away the honorable presence”)

تشریف داشتن
tašrif dâštan
(honorific) to be present
(literally, “to have the honorable presence”)

(honorific) honorable presence; mainly used in the following compound verbs.


تبدیل

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तबदील (tabdīl), तब्दील (tabdīl)

Urdu: تَبْدِیل (tabdīl)


سوال

سؤال (canonical)
سوال (canonical)
so'âl (romanization)
sawāl (romanization)

سؤال سؤال#Persian

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

سؤال سؤال#Persian

pronunciation spelling of سؤال, representing Kabuli Persian.


خان

head

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خوانین (xavânin))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خوانین (plural)

→ Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

Urdu: خان (xān)

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s. See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹ /qaɣan/) for more.

داریوش خان

Sir, Mister; a title attached after the name of a man, marking politeness and/or social distance.

بیگلربیگی بیگلربیگی#Persian

سلطان سلطان#Persian

(historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:

A Safavid provincial governor ranking between بیگلربیگی (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and سلطان (soltân, “deputy governor”).

In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.

khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:
The Ottoman emperor.

چنگیز خان


خان

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خانات (xânât))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خانات (plural)

→ Arabic: خَان (ḵān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خان (han)
Turkish: han
→ Albanian: han
→ Aromanian: háne
→ Bulgarian: хан (han)
→ Greek: χάνι (cháni)
→ Hungarian: hán
→ Romanian: han
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ха̑н
Latin script: hȃn

fa:کاروانسرا

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /xān/, “house”). See خانه (xâne) for more.

inh

rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)

خانه خانه#Persian

(archaic) Alternative form of خانه (xâne, “house”).


غیرت

head

غِیرَت • (ğeyrat)

fa-noun

غِیرَت • (ğeyrat)

غِیرَت (canonical)
ğeyrat (romanization)

→ Armenian: ղեյրաթ (ġeyratʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: qeyrət

→ Bashkir: ғәйрәт (ğəyrət)

→ Kazakh: қайрат (qairat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: غیرت (ğayret)
Turkish: gayret
→ Albanian: gajret
→ Armenian: խայրէթ (xayrētʻ)
→ Macedonian: гајрет (gajret)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ग़ैरत (ġairat)

Urdu: غیرت (ġairat)

نصف شب تنها برم بیرون براش مهم نیس. شوهرم اصلا روم غیرت نداره :(
nesf-e šab tanhâ beram birun barâš mohem nis. šowharam aslan rum ğeyrat na-dâre :(
Even if I go out in the middle of the night, it doesn't matter for him. My husband has no gheyrat for me at all :(

غیرت فقط واسه مرد نیست، یک زنم غیرت داره.

Gheyrat isn't just for men, a woman has gheyrat too.

ğeyrat faqat vâse mard nist, yek zan-am ğeyrat dâre.

"protective jealousy", honor, possessiveness; an emotion which drives one to protect one's family members from the other gender's attention and thereby defend one's pride and honor.

من هم یک ایرانی هستم و روی وطنم غیرت دارم.

I am an Iranian too, and I feel protective of my motherland.

man ham yek irâni hastam va ru-ye vatanam ğeyrat dâram.

a protective emotion towards one's community or nation

the urge to stand up for someone vulnerable, innocent, or helpless

(by extension)
any zeal, enthusiasm, ardor, fervency


بنا

head

بنا • (benâ)

fa-noun

بنا • (benâ)

Borrowed from Arabic بِنَاء (bināʔ, “building”).


بنا

Borrowed from Arabic بَنَّاء (bannāʔ, “builder”).


رجا

head

رجا • (rajâ)

fa-noun

رجا • (rajâ)


تعلیم

head

تعلیم • (ta'lim) (plural تعلیمها (ta'lim-hâ) or تعالیم (ta'âlim))

ta'lim (romanization)
تعلیمها (plural)
تعالیم (plural)

Tajik: таълим (taʾlim)

→ Bengali: তালিম (talim), তালীম (talīm)

→ Gujarati: તાલીમ (tālīm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तालीम (tālīm)

Urdu: تَعْلِیم (ta'līm)

→ Kannada: ತಾಲೀಮು (tālīmu)

→ Marathi: तालीम (tālīm)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਲੀਮ (tālīm)

Shahmukhi script: تَعلِیم (taʻlīm)

→ Turkmen: tälim

→ Uyghur: تەلىم (telim)

→ Uzbek: ta'lim

به همه کاری تعلیم ازو خواهد میر
ار چه او را ز کسی خواست نباید تعلیم

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 127”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

The prince asks him for instruction in every affair,
Although he does not need instruction from anybody.

ba hama karē ta'līm az ō xwāhad mīr
ar či ō rā zi kasē xwāst na-bāyad ta'līm


کاهن

کاهن • (kâhen) (plural کاهنها (kâhen-hâ) or کاهنان (kâhenân) or کهنه (kahane))

kâhen (romanization)
کاهنها (plural)
کاهنان (plural)
کهنه (plural)


کهنه

Borrowed from Arabic كَهَنَة (kahana), the broken plural of كَاهِن (kāhin).

کاهن کاهن#Persian


علوی

علوی • ('alavi) (plural علویها ('alavi-hâ) or علویان ('alaviân) or علویون)

'alavi (romanization)
علویها (plural)
علویان (plural)
علویون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَوِيّ (ʕalawiyy).

bor+

of or pertaining to Ali (the first Shia imam)


چکش

head

چَکُش • (čakoš) (plural چکشها (čakoš-hâ))

چَکُش (canonical)
čakoš (romanization)
چکشها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاكُوش

→ Arabic: شَاكُوش

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰúʃ]

[t͡ʃʰækʲ.kʰóʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰúʃ]

From earlier چکوچ (čakuč), from Middle Persian ckwc (čakuč, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”).

der

داس و چکش


خصومت

Arabic خُصُومَة (ḵuṣūma)

Arabic خُصُومَة (ḵuṣūma)


ارز

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KSP' /arz/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlc /arz/, “value, worth”), from Proto-Iranian *Hargáh (“value”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós. Compare Sanskrit अर्घ (argha, “worth, value”), Lithuanian algà (“pay, salary”).


اسلاو

head

اسلاو • (eslâv) (plural اسلاوها (eslâv-hâ))


حریف

حریف من نیست.

He's not my match; he cannot compare to me.

نی حریف هر که از یاری برید
پردههایش پردههای ما درید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 11:

The reed is the comrade of every one who has been parted from a friend: its strains pierced our hearts.

nay harīf-i har ki az yārē barīd
parda-hā-yaš parda-hā-yi mā darīd


بنفشه

بنفشه • (banafše) (plural بنفشهها (banafše-hâ))

From Middle Persian wnpšk' (wanafšag, “violet”), of uncertain origin; see there for further information.

inh

بنفشه فرنگی


نورانی

head

نورانی • (nurâni)

fa-noun

نورانی • (nurâni)

Analyzable as نور (nur) + ـانی (-âni); compare خوبانی (xubâni). Possibly borrowed from, modeled after, or influenced by Arabic نُورَانِيّ (nūrāniyy).


دیه

paying a mulct or compensation for manslaughter, blood money


عبرت

head

عبرت • (ebrat) (plural عبرتها (ebrat-hâ))

بطلمیوس گفت: امروز را عبرتی بزرگ است، شری که دور بود، پیش آمد و خیری که بود، روبرگرداند.

Ptolemy said: "There is a great lesson for today: the evil that was far away has come, and the good that had existed has turned its face away."

batlamiyūs guft: imrōz rā ibratē buzurg ast, sharrē ki dūr būd, pēš āmad u xayrē ki būd, rō bargardānd.


خوی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”) from Proto-Iranian *hwáydah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s from the root *sweyd- (“sweat, to sweat”). Cognate with Baluchi ہید (hed) and English sweat. Doublet of خوید.

inh

خوید خوید#Persian

sown field, acre, meadow (cf. خوید (xwêd))

saddle-cloth, or dorsers below the saddle


خوی

Compare Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), Persian خود (xôd).


خوی

Otherwise خو (xô). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́).


اولیاء

head

اولیاء • (owliyâ')

Borrowed from Arabic أَوْلِيَاء (ʔawliyāʔ).


ارواح

head

ارواح • (arvâh)


هم‌جنس‌گرایی

همجنسگرایی (canonical)
ham-jens-garâyi (romanization)

fa:هم‌جنس‌گرایی


دگرجنس‌گرایی

دگرجنسگرایی (canonical)
degarjens-garâyi (romanization)

fa:دگرجنس‌گرایی


دول

→ Middle Armenian: դոխն (doxn)

→ Pashto: ډول (ḍol)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ڈول (ḍol)

Hindi: डोल (ḍol)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dōl, “bucket; Aquarius”) of Semitic origin, compare Arabic دلو (dalw), Classical Syriac ܕܰܘܠܳܐ (dawlā), Akkadian 𒁕𒇻 (/dalū, dūlu/, “bucket”). Akin to Old Armenian դոյլ (doyl).


دول

دولت دولت#Persian


زار

→ Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: zar

→ Georgian: ზარი (zari)

→ Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati. See it for more.


زار

→ Armenian: զառ (zaṙ)

→ Georgian: ზარი (zari)


طبق

به دیبای چینی بیاراستند
طبقهای زرین بپیراستند
عقیق و زبرجد برو ریختند
می و مشک و عنبر برآمیختند

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Manūchihr”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

They adorned it with Chinese brocade,
They laid out golden trays;
They poured carnelian and peridot on it,
They mixed wine and musk and ambergris.

ba dēbā-yi čīnī biyārāstand
tabaq-hā-yi zarrīn bipērāstand
aqīq u zabarjad ba rō rēxtand
may u mušk u ambar bar-āmēxtand


بندری

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bæn̪.d̪æ.ɹíː]


فتح

→ Bengali: ফতে (phote)

→ Gujarati: ફતેહ (phateh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़तह (fatah)

Urdu: فَتَح (fatah)

→ Marathi: फत्ते (phatte)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਤਿਹ (fatih)

Shahmukhi script: فَتح (fatḥ)


نمایه

head

نمایه • (namâye) (plural نمایهها (namâye-hâ))


محل

مَحَلّ (canonical)
mahall (romanization)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਹਿਲ (mahil)

Shahmukhi script: محل (mahal)

→ Urdu: مَحَل (mahal)

مَحَلِّ کار

محل تصادف ― mahall-e tasâdof ― location of the accident

در محل قهر این رحمت ز چیست
اژدها را دستدادن راه کیست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3786:

Wherefore this mercy in the place of vengeance?
Whose way is it to give the hand to a dragon?”

dar mahall-i qahr īn rahmat za čīst
 aždahā rā dast-dādan rāh kīst


غزال

غزال • (ğazâl)

fa-noun

غزال • (ğazâl)

→ Gujarati: ઘઝાલ (ghajhāl)


تهدید

head

تَهدید • (tahdid) (plural تَهدیدات (tahdidât) or تَهدیدها (tahdid-hâ))

تَهدید (canonical)
tahdid (romanization)
تَهدیدات (plural)
تَهدیدها (plural)

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.d̪íːd̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.d̪íd̪̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.d̪íːd̪̥]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪íd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic تَهْدِيد (tahdīd, “threat”).

bor+

بشکند ناموس صد لشکر به یک تهدید او
بگسلد پیمان صد دشمن به یک پیغام او

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 423”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

He shatters the manliness of a hundred armies with one threat,
He dissolves the oaths of a hundred enemies with one message.

bišikanad nāmūs-i sad laškar ba yak tahdīd-i ō
bigusilad paymān-i sad dušman ba yak payğām-i ō

از تو تهدید و وعیدی میرسید
مجرمان را از عذاب بس شدید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 2465:

There was coming from thee to sinners a threat and menace of punishment exceedingly severe.

az tu tahdīd u wa'īdē mē-rasīd
mujrimān rā az azāb-i bas šadīd


مساحت

head

مَساحَت • (masâhat)

fa-noun

مَساحَت • (masâhat)

مَساحَت (canonical)
masâhat (romanization)

مَساحَتِ ایران چِقَدْر اَسْت؟

مَساحَتِ ایران ۱۶۴٬۸۱۹ (یِک مِلْیون و شِشْصَد و چِهِل و هَشْت هِزار و صَد و نَوَد و پَنْج) کیلومِتْرِ مُرَبَّع اَسْت.

The area of Iran is 164,819 (one million, six hundred and forty-eight thousand, one hundred and ninety-five) square kilometers.


چربی

head

چربی • (čarbi)

fa-noun

چربی • (čarbi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चरबी (carbī)

Urdu: چربی (carbī)

→ Kannada: ಚರ್ಬಿ (carbi)

→ Assamese: চৰ্বি (sorbi)

→ Bengali: চর্বি (corbi)

→ Odia: ଚର୍ବି (carbi)

→ Marathi: चरबी (carbī)

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰäɾ.bíː]

[t͡ʃʰæɹ.bíː]

From چرب (čarb), see there for further information.

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بِهَر کار چربی بباید نَخُست / نباید از آغاز پِیکار جُست
be har kâr čarbi bebayad naxost / nabâyad az âqâz peykâr jost

Gentleness is to be adopted in all affairs at first, / one should not seek bellicosity right at the beginning!


پگاه

pegâh (romanization)
pagâh (romanization)

بر نشستی اشترم را از پگاه
جو رها کردم کم از اخراج کاه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 673:

You have ridden on my camel since early morning:
I (will) let the barley go, (but I will not take) less than the cost of (some) straw.”

bar nišastī ušturam-rā az pagāh
jaw rahā kardam kam az axrāj-i kāh


شعله

head

شعله • (šo'le) (plural شعلهها (šo'le-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शोला (śolā)

Urdu: شُعْلَہ (śu'la)

هر شب همی درخشد در گلستان
چون شعلههای آذر گلهای نار

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 44”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

Every night in the rose garden, the coquettish roses would gleam like blazes of fire.

har šab hamē diraxšad dar gulistān
čūn šu'la-hā-yi āḏar gul-hā-yi nāz


تندپز

تندپز • (tondpaz) (plural تندپزها (tondpaz-hâ))


آستانه

آستانه • (âstâne) (plural آستانهها (âstâne-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: astana

→ Khalaj: astana

→ Gujarati: અસ્તાના (astānā)

→ Kazakh: астана (astana)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: آستانه (astane, asitane)

→ Uzbek: ostona

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːs.t̪ʰɒː.né]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾstʾnk' /āstānag/). By surface analysis, آستان (âstân) + ـه (-e).

surf

در آستانه تحولات


والی

head

والی • (vâli)

fa-noun

والی • (vâli)


فروهر

From Middle Persian plwʾhl (frawahr), via its later form frōhr (attested in Pazend as 𐬟𐬭𐬋𐬵𐬀𐬭 (frōhar)).


مرید

disciple, devotee, follower, novice, obsequious follower


قرمه

Inherited from Classical Persian قورمه (qōrma), see there for more.


سیلی

head

سیلی • (sīlī／sili)

fa-noun

سیلی • (sīlī／sili)

→ Georgian: სილა (sila)

→ Turkish: sille

→ Armenian: սիլլա (silla)


دعوت

دَعوَت (canonical)
da'vat (romanization)

→ Gujarati: દાવત (dāvat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दावत (dāvat)

desctree

Urdu: دَعْوَت (dāvat)
→ Telugu: దావత్ (dāvat)
→ Ushojo: دعوت (da'vat)

→ Marwari: दावत (dāvat)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਵਤ (dāvat), ਦਾਅਵਤ (dāavat), ਦਾਹਵਤ (dāhvat)

Shahmukhi script: دَعْوَت (daʻvat)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دَعَوَتَ

Devanagari script: दावत

ما را برای شام دعوت کردند. (more literary)
mâ-râ barâ-ye šâm da'vat kardand.

برای شام دعوتمون کردن. (colloquial)

دعوت دین کن که دعوت واردست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 843:

Call [him] to the [true] religion, for the [command to] call hath come down [from God].


خاطب

head

خاطب • (xâteb)

fa-noun

خاطب • (xâteb)

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɔː.t̪ʰíb̥]

[xɒː.t̪ʰéb̥]


عفو

effacing the vestiges of the house, covering them with dust (wind)


فر

From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /farrah/), from Old Persian *farnāh (“glory”).


فر

(Sistani) sorting the sides of the creek during dredging


فر

From the truncation of French fer à lisser (“curling irons”), after the function.

lang

یک فوتبالیست با موهای فِر

یک فوتبالیست با موهای فِر

موهای برادرم فر است.


آشغال

head

آشغال • (âšğâl) (plural آشغالها (âšğâl-hâ))

desc

→ Georgian: აშხალი (ašxali, “garbage”) — Fereydan

[ʔɒːʃ.ɢɒ́ːl̥]

Seemingly related to Classical Persian آقال (āqāl, “rubbish”), آخال (āxāl, “rubbish”), but not found in classical sources.


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


سقف

سَقف • (saqf) (plural سُقوف (soquf) or سَقفها (saqf-hâ))

سَقف (canonical)
saqf (romanization)
سُقوف (plural)
سَقفها (plural)

چون به خانه مرغ اشتر پا نهاد
خانه ویران گشت و سقف اندر فتاد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 4669:

When the camel set foot in the hen's house, the house was destroyed and the roof fell in.

čon be xâne-ye morğ oštor pâ nehâd
xâne virân gašt o saqf andar fatâd

خانه ی ماهی کوچولو و مادرش پشت سنگ سیاهی بود؛ زیر سقفی از خزه.

1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:

The house of the little fish and his mother was behind a black stone, under a roof of moss.

xâne-ye mâhi-ye kučulu o mâdar-eš pošt-e sang-e siyâhi bud; zir-e saqfi az xaze.


سطح

سطح • (sath) (plural سطوح (sotuh) or سطحها (sath-hâ))

sath (romanization)
سطوح (plural)
سطحها (plural)

→ Hindi: सतह (satah)

→ Urdu: سطح (satah)

سطح زمین

سطح دریا

چه سطح هستند؟

اگر سطح زبان عربی من پایین باشد، چه باید بکنم؟

If my Arabic level is low, what should I do?

agar sath-e zabân-e arabi-ye man pâyin bâšad, če bâyad bekonam?


فرد

فرد • (fard) (plural افراد (afrâd) or فراد (ferâd))

fard (romanization)
افراد (plural)
فراد (plural)


جلوه

جلوه • (jelve) (plural جلوهها (jelve-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जलवा (jalvā)

Urdu: جلوہ (jalva)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جلوه (cilve)
Turkish: cilve

به گزارش ایرنا ناصر کنعانی ضمن استقبال از پاسخ جنبش حماس به طرح سیاسی ارائه شده برای توقف ماشین نسلکشی رژیم صهیونیستی در نوار غزه، این هوشمندی سیاسی مقاومت را جلوه دیگری از قدرت میدانی آن توصیف کرد.

2024 May 6, “استقبال ایران از پاسخ حماس به طرح سیاسی پایان جنگ علیه غزه”, in irna.ir, Islamic Republic News Agency:

According to IRNA's reports, Naser Kanani, in the course of welcoming the Hamas movement's response to the political plan presented to halt the Zionist regime's genocidal machine in the Gaza Strip, described this political acumen from the Resistance as another manifestation of its strength on the field.

be gozâreš-e irnâ nâser-e kan'âni zemn-e esteqbâl az pâsox-e jombeš-e hamâs be tarh-e siyâsi-ye erâ'e šode barâ-ye tavaqqof-e mâšin-e nasl-koši-ye režim-e sahyunisti dar navâr-e ğazze, in hušmandi-ye siyâsi-ye moqâvamat râ jelve-ye digari az qodrat-e meydâni-ye ân towsif kard.

چندان بود کرشمه و نازِ سهیقدان
کآید به جلوه سرو صنوبرخرام ما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 11”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The coyness and coquetry of those straight-standing ones last only so long
Until my cypress comes in splendor with pine-like stride.

čandān buwad kirišma u nāz-i sahī-qaddān
k-āyad ba jilwa sarw-i sanawbarxarām-i mā


وش

Akin to Old Armenian վուշ (vuš), Mazanderani وش (vaš, “flax”).


خد

Common Misspelling of خود, especially in Afghanistan.


قرا

head

قُرّا • (qorrâ)

قاری قاری#Persian


بلا

بَلا (canonical)
balâ (romanization)
بلاها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic بَلَاء (balāʔ, “affliction”).


چرت

head

چرت • (čart)

fa-noun

چرت • (čart)


چرت

head

چرت • (čort)

fa-noun

چرت • (čort)


چرت

head

چرت • (čort)

fa-noun

چرت • (čort)


اسطرلاب

head

اسطرلاب • (usturlāb, asturlāb, isturlāb)

usturlāb (romanization)
asturlāb (romanization)
isturlāb (romanization)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰʊɾ.lɑːb]

Borrowed from Arabic أَسْطُرْلَاب (ʔasṭurlāb), which derives from Ancient Greek ἀστρολάβος (astrolábos).

bor+

أَسْطُرْلَاب

astrolabe, an astronomical and navigational instrument for gauging the altitude of the Sun and stars


خرج

head

خَرْج • (xarj) (plural مَخارِج (maxârej) or خرجها (xarj-hâ))

خَرْج (canonical)
xarj (romanization)
مَخارِج (plural)
خرجها (plural)

برنامه خرج سفر


حمل

حمل و نقل


مرمر

→ Azerbaijani: mərmər

→ Bashkir: мәрмәр (mərmər)

→ Karachay-Balkar: мәрмәр

→ Kazakh: мәрмәр (märmär)

→ Northern Kurdish: mermer

desc

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرمر (mermer)

Turkish: mermer

→ Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਮਰ (marmar)

Shahmukhi script: مرمر (marmar)

→ Tatar: мәрмәр (märmär), märmär

→ Turkmen: mermer

→ Uyghur: مەرمەر (mermer)

→ Uzbek: marmar


مژده

head

مژده • (možde)

fa-noun

مژده • (možde)

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (mwjdg /muždag/, “(good) news, message”), from Proto-Iranian *miždám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *miždʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós. Related to مزد (mozd).

bor+

→ Ottoman Turkish: مژدهTurkish: müjde→ Armenian: միւժտէ


عبارت

head

عبارت • (ebârat) (plural عبارات ('ebârât) or عبارتها (ebârat-hâ))

ebârat (romanization)
عبارات (plural)
عبارتها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इबारत (ibārat)

Urdu: عِبارَت (ibārat)

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

[ʔɪ.bɑː.ɾät̪]

phrase (short written or spoken expression)


تقویم

تَقویم • (taqvim) (plural تَقاویم (taqâvim))

تَقویم (canonical)
taqvim (romanization)
تَقاویم (plural)

[t̪ʰæʁ.víːm]

تقویم شمسی

تقویم در اتاق من است. (more literary)

تقویم تو اتاقمه. (more colloquial)


روباه

روباه • (rubâh) (plural روباهان (rubâhân) or روباهها (rubâh-hâ))

rubâh (romanization)
روباهان (plural)
روباهها (plural)

→ Malay: rubah
Indonesian: rubah

→ Ottoman Turkish: روباه (rubah)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwpʾh /rōbāh/, “fox”), from Old Persian *raupāθah (“fox”), from Proto-Iranian *HrawpaHcáh.

inh

من عمراً به این روباهِ پیر اعتماد نمیکنم!

man omran be in rubâh-e pir e'temâd nemikonam

انگلیس یه روباه حقّهبازه!

See also: کار، کار انگلیسیهاست

(figurative, derogatory) The British Empire, the United Kingdom, or England


انتگرال

head

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

fa-noun

انتگرال • (antegrâl)

[ʔæn̪.t̪ʰeɡʲ.ɹɒ́ːl̥]


بردار

head

بردار • (bordâr)

fa-noun

بردار • (bordâr)


گنگ

Perhaps developed from the sense “to mock, hum”. Usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”).


باذنجان

head

باذنجان • (bâzenjân)

fa-noun

باذنجان • (bâzenjân)

Borrowed from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنگان (bâdengân).

bor+

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


ضرب داخلی

fa:ضرب داخلی


ضرب اسکالر

fa:ضرب اسکالر


توان

head

توان • (tavân)

fa-noun

توان • (tavân)

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰä.wɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (twbʾn' /tuwān/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.

cog

فراتر از توانم نمیتوانم تلاش کنم.

farâtar az tavân-am ne-mi-tavânam talâš konam.


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]


تقسیم

head

تقسیم • (taqsim) (plural تقسیمات (taqsimât))

→ Bengali: তকসিম (tôksim)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: तक़सीम (taqsīm)

→ Urdu: تقسیم (taqsīm)

Punjabi: ਤਕਸੀਮ (taksīm)

Sindhi: تقسيم (taqsīma)

[t̪ʰæʁ.síːm]

Etymology tree
Arabic قَسَّمَ (qassama)
Arabic تَقْسِيم (taqsīm)bor.
Persian تقسیمBorrowed from Arabic تَقْسِيم (taqsīm), from قَسَّمَ (qassama).

etymon

تَقْسِیم

تقسیم یاخته

تقسیم کره


بیشه

head

بیشِه • (biše)

fa-noun

بیشِه • (biše)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wyšk' /wēšag/). Cognate to Central Kurdish بیشە (bîşe, “forest”) and Northern Kurdish bîşe (“forest”), Related to Latvian mežs (“forest”), Proto-Slavic *meďà (“boundary of a field”) and the borrowed Proto-Finnic *meccä (“forest”), Ottoman Turkish میشه (meşä, “forest”), Azerbaijani meşə (“forest”), ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”, adjective). For the variation b ⇌ m in the onset compare Middle Persian wnpšk' (wanafšag) some of the descendants of which point to a byform *manafšak. .


پای

(archaic in Iran) Alternative form of پا (pâ)


ریشه

→ Urdu: ریشہ (reśa)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyšk' /rēšag/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (raēša), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).
Cognate with Baluchi ریشَگ (rīšag, “root”)


سبزه

head

سَبْزِه • (sabze)

fa-noun

سَبْزِه • (sabze)

سَبْزِه (canonical)
sabze (romanization)


لفت

Borrowed from Hindi लिफ़्ट (lifṭ), from British English lift .


کائنات

head

کائنات • (kâ'enât)

fa-noun

کائنات • (kâ'enât)

→ Bengali: কায়েনাত (kaẏenat)

desc

→ Urdu: کَائِنَات (kāināt)

→ Urdu: کَائِنَات (kāināt)

Borrowed from Arabic كَائِنَات (kāʔināt).


اذیت

Borrowed from Arabic أَذِيَّة (ʔaḏiyya).


ارغمچین

head

ارغمچین • (arğamčin) (plural ارغمچینها (arğamčin-hâ))

arğamčin (romanization)
ارغمچینها (plural)

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣäm.t͡ʃʰín]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæm.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁäm.t͡ʃʰín]


ریگ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyk' /rēg/, “sand”). According to Korn, ultimately inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


ریگستان

head

ریگستان • (rêgestân) (plural ریگستانها (rêgestân-hâ))

rêgestân (romanization)
ریگستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: રેગિસ્તાન (registān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रेगिस्तान (registān)

Urdu: ریگستان (registān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੇਗਿਸਤਾਨ (registān)

Shahmukhi script: ریگستان (registān)

→ Uzbek: registon

[ɹiː.ɡʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From ریگ (rêg, “sand”) + ـستان (-estân).


فرس

دور از رکاب او شرفی بس که گه گهی
گردی رسد بدیده ز راه فرس مرا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 102:

Far away from her saddle, the honor is enough that from time to time,
A mote of dust reaches my eyes from the road of her horse.

dūr az rikāb-i ō šarafē bas ki gah gahē
gardē rasad ba-dīda zi rāh-i faras ma-rā


فرس

the Persians, the Iranians (as a whole); Iran, Persia

فرس قدیم
فرس قدیم#Persian

the Persian language; mainly in فرس قدیم (fors-e qadim, “Old Persian, ancient Persian language”).


مخ

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *musą (“marsh, moss”).

(now dialectal, Kazerun, Dashtestan, Bushehr) palm, palm tree


غوک

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (ğwk) (plural: [script needed] (ğwkt)); cognate with Ormuri [Term?], and Parachi [Term?].


حد

head

حدّ • (hadd) (plural حُدود (hodud) or حدها (hadd-hâ))

حدّ (canonical)
hadd (romanization)
حُدود (plural)
حدها (plural)

→ Bengali: হদ্দ (hoddo)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްދު (haddu)

→ Gujarati: હદ (had)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हद (had)

Urdu: حَد (had, hadd)

→ Marathi: हद्द (hadda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਦ (hadda)

Shahmukhi script: حَدّ (ḥadd)


نهر

نَهْر • (nahr)

fa-noun

نَهْر • (nahr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नहर (nahar)

Urdu: نَہَر (nahar)

کنار نهر

زیر درختان نهر جاری است.


ظن

هر کسی از ظن خود شد یار من
 از درون من نجست اسرار من

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 6:

Everyone became my friend from his own opinion; none sought out my secrets from within me.

har kasē az zann-i xwad šud yār-i man
az darūn-i man na-just asrār-i man


اضداد

head

اضداد • (azdâd)


اقمار

اقمار • (aqmâr)


ابجد

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪̥]

[ʔæb.d͡ʒæd̪̥]

[ʔäb.d͡ʒäd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic أَبْجَد (ʔabjad), equivalent to the first four letters of the Perso-Arabic script in the traditional order: ا (vowel placeholder), ب (b), ج (j), د (d).

از لطف تو مشکل اشارات و شفا
در مکتب علم ما یکی ابجد بود

c. 1620, Mīr Dāmād Astarābādī, “Rubā’i 167”, in دیوانِ اشراق [Dēwān-i išrāq]:

By Your grace, the puzzle of the Directives and the Healing
Has become an ABC in the school of our learning.

az lutf-i tū muškil-i išārāt u šifā
dar maktab-i ilm-i mā yakē abjad buwad

(figurative) ABC, nuts and bolts (elementary facts, simple truths)


اخ

اخ • (ax) (broken plural اخوان, Arabic feminine اخت)


اخبار

اخبار • (axbâr)

fa-noun

اخبار • (axbâr)

→ Dogri: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अख़बार (axbār)

→ Urdu: اخبار (axbār)

→ Malvi: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Nepali: अखबार (akhbār)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਅਖਬਾਰ (akhabār)

→ Shahmukhi script: اخبار (axbār)

→ Kazakh: ақпар (aqpar)

خویش را تاویل کن نه اخبار را
مغز را بد گوی نی گلزار را

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3744:

Alter yourself, not the Traditions (of the Prophet):
abuse your brain, not the rose garden (the true sense).

xwēš rā tā'wīl kun na axbār rā
mağz rā bad gōy na gulzār rā


ارض

Borrowed from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), from Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́-.

اراضی اشغالی فلسطین


بوراب

head

بوراب • (burân)

fa-noun

بوراب • (burân)


اذن

head

اِذْن • (ezn)

fa-noun

اِذْن • (ezn)


ادب

head

ادب • (adab) (plural آداب (âdâb) or ادبها (adab-hâ))

adab (romanization)
آداب (plural)
ادبها (plural)

Reborrowed from Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), from Persian دب (dab); ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub).

گفت جایی که منم ناله و فریاد مکن
و گرت نیست تحمل بکش آهی به ادب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 112:

She said: "Do not cry out and moan at the place where I am,
And if you do not have the patience, let out a sigh courteously."

guft jāyē ki man-am nāla u faryād makun
u garat nēst tahammul bikaš āhē ba adab

politeness, courtesy, civility, manners, proper conduct


گرده

Ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer-.


گرده

From Middle Persian gwltk’ (gurdag, “kidney”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás (“kidney”); compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬐𐬀 (vər^əδka) and Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), Northern Luri گۏردالٱ (gördāla).


تجمع

head

تجمع • (tajammo') (plural تجمعات (tajammo'ât))

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́ʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́ʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mʊ́]

[t̪ʰæ.d͡ʒæm.móʔ]

[t̪ʰä.d͡ʒäm.mɵ́ʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَجَمُّع (tajammuʕ), from تَجَمَّعَ (tajammaʕa).

etymon

coming together, assembling, gathering (act of coming together)


بام

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾn /bān/, “roof, rooftop”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to clothe, wear, put on”). Compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhana), 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhāna, “cover”).


بام

Alternative forms: فام (fâm), پام (pâm), وام (wâm)

سپید بام

گلفام

ستاره بام

gleam, sheen, shimmer, tinge, hue, color


عدو

نیست خفاشک عدوی آفتاب
او عدوی خویش آمد در حجاب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 791:

The little bat is not an enemy to the sun:
it is an enemy to itself in the veil (of its own blindness).

nīst xufāš-ak 'adu-i āftāb
ō 'adū-i xwēš āmad dar hajāb


بوم

→ Urdu: بوم (būm)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭬 (būm), from Old Persian 𐏏 (būmiš), from Proto-Iranian *búHmiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰúHmiš (compare Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi, “earth, soil, land”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”).


بوم

(colloquial-um) Spoken form of بام (bâm).


کفتر

→ Khalaj: kəftər


شر

او ز شر عامه اندر خانه شد
او ز ننگ عاقلان دیوانه شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1434:

He has gone into the house (and taken refuge) from the wickedness of the vulgar:
he has become mad on account of the infamy of the sane.

ō zi šarr-i 'āmma andar xāna šud
ō zi nang-i 'āqilān dēwāna šud


نغمه

head

نغمه • (nağme)

fa-noun

نغمه • (nağme)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नग़मा (naġmā)

Urdu: نَغمَہ (naġmā)

چه نسبت است به رندی صلاح و تقوا را
سماعِ وعظ کجا، نغمهٔ رباب کجا

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 2”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

What do virtue and piety have to do with being a rogue?
Where is the listening to sermons? Where, the tune of the lute?

či nisbat ast ba rindî salâh u taqwâ râ
samâ'-i wa'z kujâ, nağma-yi rubâb kujâ


ایمنی

head

ایمنی • (êmeni)

fa-noun

ایمنی • (êmeni)


ژئولوژی

head

ژئولوژی • (že'oloži)

fa-noun

ژئولوژی • (že'oloži)


ژئوفیزیک

head

ژئوفیزیک • (že'ofizik)

fa-noun

ژئوفیزیک • (že'ofizik)


مسافرت

head

مُسافِرَت • (mosâferat)

fa-noun

مُسافِرَت • (mosâferat)

مُسافِرَت (canonical)
mosâferat (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَافَرَة (musāfara).


اوضاع

head

اوضاع • (owzâ')


نی

From Middle Persian KNYA / nʾd (nay, “reed, cane”), nʾd (nāy, “tube, flute, clarion”); see نای (nây) for more.


کنار

کِنار • (kenâr)

fa-noun

کِنار • (kenâr)

→ Bengali: কিনার (kinār)

→ Gujarati: કિનાર (kinār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: किनार (kinār)

Urdu: كنار (kinār)

→ Kazakh: қанар (qanar)

→ Russian: кана́р (kanár)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كنار (känar)

Azerbaijani: kənar

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كنار (kenar)
Turkish: kenar
→ Arabic: كَنَار (kanār, “a border in architecture”)
→ Bulgarian: кена́р (kenár, “a kind of lace; border, end”)
→ Macedonian: ќенар (ḱenar, “a kind of lace”)
→ Romanian: chenar
→ Serbo-Croatian: (“a kind of lace; border, end”)
Cyrillic script: ћѐна̄р
Latin script: ćènār

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਨਾਰ (kinār)

Shahmukhi script: كنار (kinār)

→ Uzbek: qanor

→ Russian: кана́р (kanár)

[kʰʲe.nɒ́ːɹ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (knʾl /kanār/, “side, edge”), from a metathesis of کران (karân, “border, edge”).

inh

علم دریاییست بیحد و کنار
طالب علمست غواص بحار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 3881:

Knowledge is an ocean without bounds or shore: the seeker of knowledge is the diver in [those] seas.

ilm daryāyē-st bē-hadd u kanār
tālib-i ilm ast ğawwās-i bihār

بوس و کنار

دست بگشاد و کنارانش گرفت
همچو عشق اندر دل و جانش گرفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 93:

He opened his hands and clasped him to his breast and received him, like love, into his heart and soul.

dast bugšād u kinārān-aš girift
hamčō išq andar dil u jān-aš girift

(poetic) embrace, hug; (metonymically) chest, bosom


کنار

head

کنار • (konâr)

fa-noun

کنار • (konâr)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kunār). Compare Classical Syriac ܟܢܪܐ (kənārā), Old Armenian քնարուկ (kʻnaruk), Late Koine Greek κόνναρος (kónnaros), Iranian borrowings.

inh+

Ziziphus, especially of species Ziziphus spina-christi


سفارش

head

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)

fa-noun

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)

سِفارِش (canonical)
sefâreš (romanization)

→ Ahirani: सिपारस (sipāras)

→ Azerbaijani: sifariş

→ Middle Bengali: সুফারিশ (suphariś)

Bengali: সুপারিশ (śupariś)

→ Bhojpuri: siphāris

Devanagari script: सिफारिस

Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂱𑂤𑂰𑂩𑂱𑂮

desc

→ Chhattisgarhi: सिपारस (sipāras), सिपारिस (sipāris)

→ Dogri: saphāraś

Devanagari script: सफारश

Dogra script: 𑠩𑠟𑠬𑠤𑠧

→ Gojri: سَفارَش (safāraś), سْپارَش (spāraś)

→ Gujarati: શિફારસ (śiphāras), સિફારસ (siphāras)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सिफ़ारिश (sifāriś)

Urdu: سِفارِش (sifāriś)

→ Kannada: ಶಿಫಾರಸು (śiphārasu)

→ Maithili: sipāris

Devanagari script: सिपारिस

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒱𑒣𑒰𑒩𑒱𑒮

→ Malayalam: ശുപാർശ (śupāṟśa)

→ Malvi: सिफारिस (siphāris)

→ Marathi:

Devanagari script: शिफारस (śiphāras)

Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘣𑘰𑘨𑘭 (śīphāras)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सिफारस (siphāras), सिफारिस (siphāris), सुपारस (supāras)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅰 (siphrs), 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅑𑅰 (siphris), 𑅰𑅒𑅨𑅭𑅰 (suprs)

→ Nepali: सिफारिस (siphāris)

→ Odia: ସୁପାରିସ୍ (supāris)

→ Pashto: سپارش (sipārísh, supārísh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ (sifāriś), ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (sifāraś), ਸਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (safāraś)

Shahmukhi script: سِفارَش (sifāraś), سِپارَس (sipāras)

→ Sindhi: sifāriśa, supārasa

Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ

Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ

Devanagari script: सिफ़ारिश, सुपारस

Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋡𑋓𑋩𑋠𑋙𑋡𑋜, 𑋝𑋣𑋒𑋠𑋙𑋝

→ Tamil: சிபார்சு (cipārcu)

→ Telugu: సిపారసు (sipārasu)

→ Tulu: śiparāsŭ, śipārasŭ, siparāsŭ, sipārasŭ, sipārsi, sipārsŭ

Kannada script: ಶಿಪರಾಸ್, ಶಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪರಾಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸಿ, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸ್

Malayalam script: ശിപരാസ്, ശിപാരസ്, സിപരാസ്, സിപാരസ്, സിപാര്സി, സിപാര്സ്

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپارش (sipariş)

Turkish: sipariş

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

From سپار (sepâr-, “to commit, entrust, deposit, order”) + ـش (-eš, “-ment, -tion”). Compare Pashto سپارښت (spārə́x̌t).

af

پس از سفارش گل ، گل فروشی ها گل ها را با پیک یا وانت به مکان مورد نظر برد و به کسی که آنها را سفارش داده است تحویل می دهند.

2021, “برای شغل گلفروشی باید چه مهارتهایی داشته باشید؟ [What skills do you need for a florist job?]”, in ilna.news:

After the flower order [has been made], the florists take the flowers to the destination by courier or van, and deliver them to the person who has ordered them.

pas az sefâreš-e gol, gol-foruši-hâ gol-hâ-râ bâ peyk yâ vânet be makân-e mowred nazar bord va be kasi ke ânhâ-râ sefâreš dâde ast tahvil mi-dehand.


نهج

نهج البلاغة ― nahj-al-balâga ― the way to rhetoric (name of a famous book by Imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib)


وضع

head

وَضع • (vaz') (plural اُوضاع (owzâ') or وَضعها (vaz'-hâ))

وَضع (canonical)
vaz' (romanization)
اُوضاع (plural)
وَضعها (plural)

ز انکه مریم وقت وضع حمل خویش / بود از بیگانه دور و هم ز خویش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 3608:

Mary in [her] pregnant state was not joined by any one: she did not return from without the town.

z-ân-ke maryam vaqt-e vaz'-e haml-e xiš / bud az bigâne dur o ham ze xiš

وَ این تُرکتاز خان دَر دَکَّن مُتَوَلِّد شُده، خود را با وَضعِ مَرَتههها ساخته، دَر لِباس و خَوراک و مُخالِطَت با مَرَتههها قِسمی مُواقَفَت داشت که سَرِ مو اَز وَضعِ آنها با این تَفاوَت مَحسوس نِمیکَردَند. وَ دَر رَویه جَنگ نیز مِثلِ مَرَتههها بود.

c. 1760, محمد یوسف خان [Muḥammad Yūsuf Khān], translated by Hannah Lord Archambault, in "Geographies of Influence: Two Afghan Military Households in 17th and 18th Century South India" (2018, PhD), تاریخ فتحیه [Tārikh-i Fatḥiya]:

And this Turktāz Khān [was] born in the Deccan and presented himself in the manner of the Marathas. In [his] clothing and food and conversation their they had such a degree of similarity that not a hair from their heads could be distinguished. In style of warfare also he was like the Marathas.


انتقاد

انتقاد • (enteqâd)

fa-noun

انتقاد • (enteqâd)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːd̪]

[ʔen̪.t̪ʰe.ʁɒːd̪̥]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِقَاد (intiqād).


فروغ

head

فروغ • (foruğ)

fa-noun

فروغ • (foruğ)

→ Urdu: فَروغ (faroġ)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plwk' /frōg/), from Proto-Iranian *fra- + *ráwčah (“light”, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-os (“light”)).

inh

ای فروغِ ماهِ حسن از روی رخشان شما
آبروی خوبی از چاه زنخدان شما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

O, the radiance of the moon of grace is from that bright face of yours;
The dignity of beauty, from the dimple on that chin of yours.

ay furôğ-i mâh-i husn az rôy-i raxšân-i šumâ
âbirôy-i xûbî az čâh-i zanaxdân-i šumâ


اجتماع

head

اِجْتِماع • (ejtemâ') (plural اجتماعات (ejtemâ'ât))

اِجْتِماع (canonical)
ejtemâ' (romanization)
اجتماعات (plural)

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ː]

[ʔed͡ʒ.t̪ʰe.mɒ́ːʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِجْتِمَاع (ijtimāʕ), from اِجْتَمَعَ (ijtamaʕa).


قطع

قَطعِ بَرق


زاغ

From Middle Iranian, from Proto-Iranian (compare Sogdian [script needed] (zʾγ /zāγ/, “crow”), Northern Kurdish zax (“crow”), Parthian [script needed] (zxs- /zaxs-/, “to sound”)).


سرآشپز

head

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)

fa-noun

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)


چلچله

Reduplication of چل (čel, “speckled; partridge or hazel grouse”) due to its contrasting colours and shape + ـه (-e).


وصل

قابل امر ویی قایل شوی / وصل جویی بعد از آن واصل شوی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 937:

If you accept His command, you will become the spokesman [thereof]; if you seek union [with Him], thereafter you will become united.

qâbel-e amr-e vey-i qâyel šavi / vasl juyi ba'd az ân vâsel šavi


خاده

head

خاده • (xâde)

fa-noun

خاده • (xâde)

Has been compared to Old Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “crucifix; cross”).


خاج

Borrowed from Middle Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “cross”), from Old Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “crucifix; cross”).


چپر

→ Armenian: չափար (čʻapʻar)

→ Azerbaijani: çəpər

→ Northern Kurdish: çeper

→ Turkish: çeper

→ Ushojo: چَپر (čapar)

[t͡ʃʰæˈpʰæɾ]


چپر

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

چاپار چاپار#Persian

Alternative form of چاپار (čâpâr, “post; courier”)


افیون

→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)

→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)

→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)

→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)

desc

→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)

→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)

→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)

→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)

→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)

→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)

→ Uzbek: afyun

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós
Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós)
Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ion)
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn)bor.
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)der.
Persian افیون
The forms with /f/ and /b/ are from Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn) and أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn), that with /p/ is via Middle Persian directly from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion).


چاپار

head

چاپار • (čâpâr)

fa-noun

چاپار • (čâpâr)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈpɑːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.pʰɔ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.pʰɒ́ːɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.pʰɔ́ɾ]

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish چپار / چاپار / چپر (çapar), Ottoman Turkish چاپار (çapar), Azerbaijani çapar. Ultimately from the root underlying Ottoman Turkish چاپمق (çapmak), Azerbaijani çapmaq.
Also from Turkic (directly or via Persian): Middle Armenian չափառ (čʻapʻaṙ), Armenian Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan), Georgian ჩაფარი (čapari), Ossetian чапар (ḱapar), Avar чапар (čapar), Lezgi чапар (čapar), Lak чапар (čapar).

cog

چپار / چاپار / چپر

چاپارچیباشی

čâpârči-bâši


درگر

→ Armenian: դուրգար (durgar)

→ Georgian: დურგალი (durgali)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دولگر (dülger)
Turkish: dülger
→⇒ Armenian: Տյուլկերյան (Tyulkeryan)
→ Romanian: dulgher

From درودگر (dorudgar), from درود (dorud, “timber, plank”) + agentive suffix گر (gar). Already Middle Persian [script needed] (dwlgl /durgar/, “carpenter”).


باژبان

head

باژبان • (bâžbân)

fa-noun

باژبان • (bâžbân)


باژدار

head

باژدار • (bâždâr)

fa-noun

باژدار • (bâždâr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باجدار (bacdar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bàždār / ба̀жда̄р

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɑːʒ.d̪ɑːɾ]

[bɔːʒ.d̪ɔːɾ]

[bɒːʒ.d̪ɒːɹ]

From باژ (bâž, “tribute”) + ـدار (-dâr).


باژ

→ Central Kurdish: باج (bāj)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باج (bac)
Turkish: bac
→ Serbo-Croatian: bádža / ба́џа

From Middle Persian bʾc (bāǰ), from Proto-Iranian *bāǰi- (“tribute, tax”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáǰati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to distribute, allot”); see there for further information.
Related to Persian باغ (bâğ, “garden”), بخت (baxt, “fortune, luck”), and the verb بخشیدن (baxšidan, “to endow, forgive”); Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”) and Sanskrit भक्ति (bhaktí, “distribution, partition, separation”).

cog

tribute, toll, duty, revenue, tax, impost

any grievous imposition which distresses the poor or the conquered

silence observed by the Pârsis while eating or performing their ablutions

the distance between each hand when the arms are horizontally extended in opposite directions

name of a town in the dependencies of Tus, and birthplace of Ferdousi


زیجک

→ Arabic: صوجوق (sujuk)

Unknown; presumably related to زویج (zevij, zavij), زونیج (zevanij), زونج (zevanj, “sausage”), compare also Central Kurdish زونگ (zung, “sausage”) and Northern Kurdish ziving (“cave, winter quarters”). Nişanyan argues a Turkic origin, see more in sucuk.https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/sucuk

food made from animal intestines, sausages


دشت

→ Arabic: دست (dast)

→ Khalaj: dəşt

→ Urdu: دشت (dašt)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dšt' /dašt/, “desert, field, plain”) from Proto-Iranian *dáxštah. Compare Armenian դաշտ (dašt, “plain, field”), an Iranian borrowing.


دشت

Arabic: داشن (dāšan)

From Middle Persian right hand (dšn' /dašn/), from Proto-Iranian *dášinah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáćšinas, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-i-no-s, from *deḱs- (“right (side)”).


خاگینه

head

خاگینه • (xâgine)

fa-noun

خاگینه • (xâgine)

Ottoman Turkish: قایغنه (kayğana)

Bulgarian: кайгана (kajgana)

Greek: καγιανάς (kagianás)

Turkish: kaygana

Serbo-Croatian: ка̏јгана/kȁjgana

From earlier خایه گینه (xâya gina), from Middle Persian [Term?]. Equivalent to خایه (xâye, “egg”) + ـگین (-gin, “-ful”).


افراشتگی

afrâštagi (romanization)
afrâštegi (romanization)


پلگان

پلکان پلکان#Persian

(obsolete) plural of پله, alternative form of پلکان


جانه

head

جانه • (jâne)

fa-noun

جانه • (jâne)


زینه

head

زِینَه • (zīna)

fa-noun

زِینَه • (zīna)


جناس

head

جناس • (jenâs)

fa-noun

جناس • (jenâs)


دیت

Alternative form of دیه (diye, “bloodwite”)


روانی

head

روانی • (ravâni)

fa-noun

روانی • (ravâni)

[ɹæ.vɒː.níː]


شوی

From the same root as شوهر (šowhar, “husband”), see there for more.


شوی

head

شوی • (šavi)

fa-noun

شوی • (šavi)

Akin to Old Armenian շապիկ (šapik), an Iranian borrowing; see there for more.


شوی

head

شوی • (ševi)

fa-noun

شوی • (ševi)


شوی

head

شوی • (šovi)

fa-noun

شوی • (šovi)


پروردگار

parvardagâr (romanization)
parvardegâr (romanization)

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɑːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ɪ.ɡɑːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔːɾ~pʰäɾ.wäɾ.d̪i.ɡɔːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪æ.ɡɒːɹ~pʰæɹ.væɹ.d̪e.ɡɒːɹ]

[pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪ä.ɡɔɾ~pʰäɾ.väɾ.d̪i.ɡɔɾ]


زنخ

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫉𐫗𐫟 (znx /zanax/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰánuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


مجله

head

مَجَلِّه • (majalle) (plural مجلهها (majalle-hâ) or مجلات (majallât))

مَجَلِّه (canonical)
majalle (romanization)
مجلهها (plural)
مجلات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مَجَلَّة (majalla).


سرنای

سرنای • (sornâ)

سرنا سرنا#Persian


نای

From Middle Persian nʾd (nāy, “reed, cane; tube, pipe, flute, clarion”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit नड (naḍá)), from Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”); See Old Armenian նետ (net, “arrow”) for more.


مقدمه

head

مقدمه • (moqaddame) (plural مقدمات (moqaddamât))

moqaddame (romanization)
مقدمات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّمَة (muqaddama), the passive equivalent of the active participle مُقَدِّمَة (muqaddima).

bor+

Coordinate term: نتیجه (natije)


اسپناخ

head

اسپناخ • (espanâx)

fa-noun

اسپناخ • (espanâx)

اسفناج اسفناج#Persian


تماشا

head

تماشا • (tamâšâ)

fa-noun

تماشا • (tamâšâ)

→ Armenian: թամաշա (tʻamaša)

→ Azerbaijani: təmaşa, tamaşa

→ Bengali: তামাশা (tamaśa)

→ Bashkir: тамаша (tamaşa)

→ Georgian: თამაში (tamaši)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: तमाशा (tamāśā)
→ English: tamasha
→ Mauritian Creole: tamasa

Urdu: تَمَاشَہ (tamāśa)

→ Indonesian: tamasya

→ Kazakh: тамаша (tamaşa)

→ Kyrgyz: тамаша (tamaşa)

→ Marathi: तमाशा (tamāśā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تماشا (temaşa)

Turkish: temaşa

→ Pashto: تماشا

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਮਾਸ਼ਾ (tamāśā)

Shahmukhi script: تماشہ (tamāśā)

→ Sindhi: تماشو

→ Swahili: tamasha

→ Tatar: тамаша (tamaşa)

→ Turkmen: tomaşa

→ Uyghur: تاماشا (tamasha)

→ Uzbek: tamosho, tomosha

[t̪ʰä.mɑː.ʃɑː]

[t̪ʰä.mɑː.ʃɑː]

[t̪ʰä.mɑː.ʃɑː]

[t̪ʰä.mɔː.ʃɔː]

[t̪ʰæ.mɒː.ʃɒː]

[t̪ʰä.mɔ.ʃɔ]

From earlier تماشی (tamâši, “walking together, walking with someone”), from Arabic تَمَاشٍ (tamāšin), verbal noun of تَمَاشَى (tamāšā).

(archaic) promenade, walking outside for recreation

sight, seeing, beholding, watching, looking at something entertaining (e.g. a show or a play, whether comic or tragic)

an entertainment, show, spectacle, theatrical representation


زیان

head

زیان • (ziyân)

fa-noun

زیان • (ziyân)

→ Pashto: زيان (zyā́n, ziyā́n)

→ Baluchi: زیان (zyan)

→ Ossetian: зиа́н (zián)

→ Azerbaijani: ziyan

→ Udi: зийан (zijan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیان (ziyan), զիյան (ziyan) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: ziyan
→ Armenian: զիյան (ziyan)
→ Bulgarian: зян (zjan)
→ Macedonian: зијан (zijan)
→ Serbo-Croatian: zìjān / зѝја̄н

→ Georgian: ზიანი (ziani)

→ Bashkir: зыян (zıyan)

→ Kazakh: зиян (ziän)

→ Turkmen: zyýan

→ Urdu: زیان (zyān)

→ Uzbek: ziyon

→ Russian: изъя́н (izʺján) (via Turkic)

→ Uyghur: زىيان (ziyan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zydʾn' /zyān/, “loss, harm, damage”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫀𐫗 (zyʾn /zyān/, “loss, harm, damage, destruction”), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬁 (ziiānā, “damage”), Sanskrit ज्यान (jyāna, “oppression”), as well as the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian զեան (zean), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic [script needed] (zīyanā), Classical Mandaic ࡆࡀࡉࡉࡍࡀ (zāyinā).


دلبند

دولبند دولبند#Persian

Alternative form of دولبند (dolband, “turban, diadem, hat”)


کوره

→ Azerbaijani: kürə

→ Khalaj: kûra

From Manichaean Middle Persian [Manichaean needed] (qwrg /kūrag/, “furnace, kiln”). A Semitic borrowing. Compare Classical Syriac ܟܘܪܐ (kūrāʼ, “melting pot; furnace”).


سور

From Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”), from Proto-Iranian *cuHryás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHryás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to shine”), see also Sanskrit श्वस् (śvas, “tomorrow”). Related to Northern Kurdish sor (“red”).


پژوهش

head

پژوهش • (pažuheš) (plural پژوهشها (pažuheš-hâ))

[pʰɪ.ʒoː.ɦiːʃ]

[pʰɪ.ʒoː.ɦiːʃ]

From پژوه + ـش.


تحقیق

تحقیق • (tahqiq) (plural تحقیقات (tahqiqât))

[t̪ʰäɦ.qíːq]

[t̪ʰäɦ.qíːq]

[t̪ʰɑː.qíːq]

[t̪ʰæɦ.ɢíːɢ̥]


خشت

خِشْت (canonical)
xešt (romanization)
خشتها (plural)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)
Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)

→ Georgian: ხიშტი (xišṭi)

(archaic) javelin, dart, spear, halberd, poleaxe


خشت

Tajik: хишт (xišt)

→ Uzbek: gʻisht

→ Hindi: ख़िश्त (xiśt)

→ Gujarati: ખિશ્ત (khiśt)

→ Khalaj: xişt

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: خشت (xişt)

→ Urdu: خِشْت (xiśt)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšt' /xišt/, “brick”), from Old Persian 𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎡 (i-š-t-i /išti-/, “sun-dried brick”), possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (išti), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zəmōištuua, “clay brick”), Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā, “brick”), Tocharian B iścem (“clay”), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), and possibly Parthian 𐫍𐫏𐫢𐫎𐫏𐫃 (hyšṯyg, “brick”).


افق رویداد

fa:افق رویداد


رویداد

head

رویداد • (ruydâd) (plural رویدادها (ruydâd-hâ))

→ Bengali: রোয়েদাদ (rōẇedad)

[ɾoːj.ˈdɑːð]

[rʊːj.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ɹuːj.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ɾɵj.d̪ɔ́d̪]


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбант (nalbant)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


معرفت

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْرِفَة (maʕrifa).


نتیجه

head

نتیجه • (natije) (plural نتایج (natâyej) or نتیجهها (natije-hâ))

natije (romanization)
نتایج (plural)
نتیجهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic نَتِيجَة (natīja, “result”).


طبقه

head

طَبَقِه • (tabaqe) (plural طبقات (tabaqât) or طبقهها (tabaqe-hâ))

طَبَقِه (canonical)
tabaqe (romanization)
طبقات (plural)
طبقهها (plural)

طَبَقِهٔ پایین

طَبَقِهٔ مُتَوَسِّط


ضمیر

ضمیر • (zamir) (plural ضمایر (zamâyer) or ضمیرها (zamir-hâ))

zamir (romanization)
ضمایر (plural)
ضمیرها (plural)

→ Bengali: জমীর (jomir)

→ Gujarati: ઝમીર (jhamīr), જમીર (jamīr)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ਮੀਰ (zamīr)


تعلم

[t̪ʰɑːäl.lʊ́m]

Borrowed from Arabic تَعَلُّم (taʕallum), from تَعَلَّمَ (taʕallama).


عدد صحیح

[ʔä.d̪ǽ.d̪ɪ sä.ɦíːʱ]

[ʔä.d̪ǽ.d̪ɪ sä.ɦíːʱ]

[ʔä.d̪ǽ.d̪ɪ sä.jíː]

[ʔæ.d̪ǽ.d̪e sæ.ɦíːʰ]

[ʔä.d̪ǽ.d̪i sä.ɦéʱ]

Fa-عدد صحیح.ogg


چادر شب

head

چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

fa-noun

چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: چادر شب (çâdır-ı şeb)

desctree

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: چارشف (çârşaf), چارشاف (çârşaf)
Turkish: çarşaf
→ Albanian: çarçaf, çarshaf
→ Arabic: شَرْشَف (šaršaf)
→ Armenian: չարշաֆ (čʻaršaf), չարշավ (čʻaršav), չարսաֆ (čʻarsaf), չարսափ (čʻarsapʻ), շարշափ (šaršapʻ)
→ Aromanian: circeafe, cirshafe
→ Bashkir: шаршау (şarşaw)
→ Bulgarian: чарша́ф (čaršáf)
→ Greek: τσαρτσάφι (tsartsáfi)
→ Northern Kurdish: çarşef, çarşev
→ Macedonian: чаршаф (čaršaf)
→ Romanian: cearșaf, cearceaf
→ Serbo-Croatian: čàršaf / ча̀ршаф

[t͡ʃɑː.ða.ɾi ʃaβ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.d̪æ.ɹe ʃæb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb]

From چادر (čâdor, čâdar, “covering”) + شب (šab, “night”).


چایخانه

head

چایْخانِه • (čâyxâne) (plural چایخانهها (čâyxâne-hâ))

چایْخانِه (canonical)
čâyxâne (romanization)
چایخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: çayxana

→ Bashkir: сәйхана (səyxana)

→ Belarusian: чайхана (čajxana)

→ Gujarati: ચાખાનું (cākhānũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चायख़ाना (cāyxānā)

Urdu: چائے خانَہ (cāe xāna)

→ Georgian: ჩაიხანა (čaixana)

→ Kazakh: шайхана (şaixana)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: چایخانە (çayxane)

→ Kyrgyz: чайкана (caykana)

→ Russian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Tatar: чәйханә (çäyxanä)

→ Turkish: çayhane

→ Turkmen: çaýhana

→ Ukrainian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Uyghur: چايخانا (chayxana)

→ Uzbek: choyxona

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːj.xɒː.né]

[t͡ʃʰɔj.χɔ.nǽ]

From چای (čây, “tea”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).


قهوه‌خانه

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه • (qahve-xâne) (plural قهوهخانهها (qahve-xâne-hâ))

fa-noun

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه (canonical)
qahve-xâne (romanization)
قهوهخانهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કાવાખાનું (kāvākhānũ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوهخانه (kahvehane)
→ Romanian: cafenea
Turkish: kahvehane

→ Uyghur: قەھۋەخانا (qehwexana)

→ Uzbek: qahvaxona

From قَهْوِه (qahve, “coffee”) + خانِه (xâne, “house”).


رقم

head

رقم • (raqam) (plural ارقام (arqâm) or رقمها (raqam-hâ))

raqam (romanization)
ارقام (plural)
رقمها (plural)

آخرین رقم

اگر این ارقام دقیق باشند[…]
agar in arqâm daqiq bâšand […]
If these numbers are precise […]

بهترین رقم بادام


مخرج

مخرج • (maxraj) (plural مخرجها (maxraj-hâ))

[mäx.ɾäd͡ʒ̥]

[mæx.ɹæd͡ʒ̥]


روادید

روادید • (ravâdid) (plural روادیدها (ravâdid-hâ))

ravâdid (romanization)
روادیدها (plural)


سیاه‌چاله فضایی

سیاهچاله فضایی

سیاهچالههای فضایی

سیاهچاله فضایی • (siyâh-čâle fazâyi) (plural سیاهچالههای فضایی (siyâh-čâle-hâ-ye fazâyi))

fa-noun

سیاهچاله فضایی

سیاهچالههای فضایی

سیاهچاله فضایی (canonical)
siyâh-čâle fazâyi (romanization)
سیاهچالههای فضایی (plural)


تفاوت

head

تَفاوُت • (tafâvot) (plural تَفاوُتها (tafâvot-hâ))

تَفاوُت (canonical)
tafâvot (romanization)
تَفاوُتها (plural)

→ Gujarati: તફાવત (taphāvat)

Borrowed from Arabic تَفَاوُت (tafāwut).

تفاوت بین دو شکل را پیدا کن

find the difference between the two pictures

صلاح کار کجا و من خراب کجا
ببین تفاوت ره کز کجاست تا به کجا

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

Where is the righteousness of works, and where am I, the broken one?
Look at the distance of the road—from where to where?

salāh-i kār kujā u man-i xarāb kujā
bibēn tafāwut-i rah k-az kujā-st tā be kujā


گلوله

گلوله • (golule) (plural گلولهها (golule-hâ))

Inherited from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glew-. Cognate with Northern Kurdish girover, gilover (“round”), Sanskrit ग्लौ (glau, “lump”).


خرچنگ

head

خرچنگ • (xarčang) (plural خرچنگها (xarčang-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: xərçəng

→ Gujarati: ખરચંગ (kharcaṅg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرچنگ (harçeng)

[xäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽŋɡ]

[xäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽŋɡ]

[xäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽŋɡ]

[xäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽŋɡ̥]

[xæɹ.t͡ʃʰǽɲɡʲ̥]

[χäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽŋɡ]

Having its shape in New Persian due to folk etymological connection to خر (xar, “ass”) and چنگ (čang, “claw”) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (klcng /karčang/), 𐫞𐫏𐫡𐫉𐫗𐫃 (qyrzng /karzang/), cognate to Central Kurdish قرژاڵ (qerzhal), قرژانگ (qerzhang, “crab”), Southern Kurdish قِرژِنگ (qerzhang, “crab”), Northern Luri کرژنڳ (kerzheng), Zazaki kerkınc (“crab”) and Middle Armenian քարժանկ (kʻaržank, “crawfish”), ultimately from Old Iranian *karičanaka-, from Proto-Iranian *kar-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-, with a different second component encountered in Avestan 𐬐𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬞𐬎 (kharpu, “crab”) and Sanskrit कर्कट (karkaṭa, “crab”), Old Armenian կարիճ (karič, “scorpion”), Ancient Greek καρίς (karís, “shrimp”), Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”), Latin cancer (“crab”), and if we compare Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “a kind of beetle; a kind of crayfish”) then Old Armenian քարբ (kʻarb, “asp, basilisk”) and the Semitic family of Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab, “scorpion”) has to be noted, a circumstance which may point to an ideophonic phenomenon, which also probably influenced Proto-Germanic *krabbô.


گورخر

head

گورخر • (gurxar) (plural گورخرها (gurxar-hâ) or گورخران (gurxarân))

gurxar (romanization)
گورخرها (plural)
گورخران (plural)

From گور (gur, “zebra”) + خر (xar, “donkey”), both components from Middle Persian, see them for more.


تمایل

تمایل • (tamâyol) (plural تمایلات (tamâyolât) or تمایلها (tamâyol-hâ))

tamâyol (romanization)
تمایلات (plural)
تمایلها (plural)

inclination, tendency, propensity, bias, disposition


تمایل جنسی

fa:گرایش جنسی


گرایش

گرایش • (garâyeš) (plural گرایشها (garâyeš-hâ))

[ɡä.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡä.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡä.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[ɡä.ɾɔː.jíʃ]

[ɡʲæ.ɹɒː.jéʃ]

[ɡʲæ.ɹɒː.jéʃ]

[ɡʲe.ɹɒː.jéʃ]

تو گرایشت چیه؟


گرایش جنسی

گرایشهای جنسی

گرایش جنسی • (garâyeš-e jensi) (plural گرایشهای جنسی (garâyeš-hâ-ye jensi))

fa-noun

گرایشهای جنسی

garâyeš-e jensi (romanization)
گرایشهای جنسی (plural)

[ɡʲæɾɒːˈjeʃe dʒenˈsiː]

fa:گرایش جنسی


آبادان

head

آبادان • (âbâdân)

fa-noun

آبادان • (âbâdân)

[ʔɑː.βɑː.ˈðɑːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[ʔɒːbɒːd̪ɒn]

[ʔɒːbɒːd̪ɒːn]

From آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated”) + ـان (ân).


رجولیت

rojuliyyat (romanization)
rajuliyyat (romanization)


کرس

From Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (kīru), from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “oven, kiln”).


کلانتر

head

کلانتر • (kalântar) (plural کلانترها (kalântar-hâ) or کلانتران (kalântarân))

kalântar (romanization)
کلانترها (plural)
کلانتران (plural)

desc

→⇒ Armenian: Քալանթարյան (Kʻalantʻaryan)

→ Azerbaijani: kələntər

[kʲælɒnˈt̪ʰæɾ]


پیش‌انداز

head

پیشانداز • (pêš-andâz)

پیشانداز (canonical)
pêš-andâz (romanization)


غو

Probably from a derivative of Proto-Iranian *gáwbati (“to speak, call”), or otherwise onomatopoeic.


کنسرت

head

کُنْسِرْت • (konsert) (plural کنسرتها (konsert-hâ))

کُنْسِرْت (canonical)
konsert (romanization)
کنسرتها (plural)


باتلاق

باتلاق • (bâtlâq) (plural باطلاقها)

fa-noun

باتلاق • (bâtlâq) (plural باطلاقها)

[bɒːt̪.lɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Turkic, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *batgak. Compare Ottoman Turkish باتاق (batak), Turkish batak, and Tatar batqaq.


اطلاعات

head

اِطِّلاعات • (ettelâ'ât)

fa-noun

اِطِّلاعات • (ettelâ'ât)

اِطِّلاعات (canonical)
ettelâ'ât (romanization)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.lɑː.ʔɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.lɑː.ʔɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.lɑːɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.lɔːɔ́ːt̪]

[ʔet̪.t̪ʰe.lɒː.ʔɒ́ːt̪]

Fa-اطلاعات.ogg

uder

Arabic اِطِّلَاع (iṭṭilāʕ)

اطلاع اطلاع#Persian

وزارت اطلاعات جمهوری اسلامی ایران

Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran

vezârat-e ettelâ'ât-e jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân


تفاضل

From the Arabic verbal noun تَفَاضُل (tafāḍul).


تفرق

[t̪ʰæ.fæɹ.ɹoɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic تَفَرُّق (tafarruq).


سوگ

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “burn, burning”), from Old Persian *θauga(h), from Proto-Iranian *cawkah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćawkas (compare Sanskrit शोक (śoka, “burning; grief”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk-.
Related to سوختن (suxtan, “to burn”), سرخ (sorx, “red”), and سوگند (sowgand, “oath”); and also to Old Armenian սուգ (sug, “grief”).

inh

Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بسوگ سیاوش همی جوشد آب
کند چرخ نفرین بر افراسیاب
ba sōg-i siyāwaš hamē jōšad āb, kunad čarx-i nafrīn bar afrāsiyāb

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


انزال

head

انزال • (enzâl)

fa-noun

انزال • (enzâl)


آخیز

head

آخیز • (âxiz)

fa-noun

آخیز • (âxiz)

From dialectal Armenian *աղիս (*aġis), from Old Armenian աղիւս (ałiws, “brick”). The borrowing reflects the late pronunciation of ղ (ł).


تفاهم

[t̪ʰä.fɑː.ɦʊ́m]

[t̪ʰä.fɑː.ɦʊ́m]

[t̪ʰæ.fɒː.ɦóm]

Borrowed from Arabic تَفَاهُم (tafāhum).

سوء تفاهم


خونه

بریم خونه.

خانه خانه#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of خانه (xâne).


دروند

→ Gujarati: દુરવંદ (durvand)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (druwand /dlwnd/, “sinful, unrighteous [one]”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (druuaṇt), 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah-wánts (“follower of the Lie”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan).

der

(Zoroastrianism, archaic) infidel, non-Zoroastrian; (usually) Muslim


قید

qeyd (romanization)
قیود (plural)
اقیاد (plural)


غوغا

head

ğowğâ, ğavğâ

غوغا • (ğowğâ, ğavğâ)

fa-noun

ğowğâ, ğavğâ

غوغا • (ğowğâ, ğavğâ)

ğowğâ (romanization)
ğavğâ (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: qovğa

→ Bashkir: ғауға (ğawğa)

→ Kazakh: ғауға (ğauğa)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: غوغا, ղավղա (ğavğa), գավկա (kavga), կավկա (gavga) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: kavga
→ Aromanian: căvgắ
→ Armenian: ղաւղայ (ġawġay), խաղվա (xaġva)
→ Bulgarian: кавга́ (kavgá)
→ Greek: καβγάς (kavgás)
→ Laz: კაბღა (ǩabğa)
→ Macedonian: кавга (kavga)
→ Romanian: cavgá
→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̑вга, kȃvga

→ Uyghur: غەۋغا (ghewgha)

→ Uzbek: gʻavgʻo

→ Ushojo: غوغا


لاس

Borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, cf. Larestani لاس (lâs, “female dog”), Gilaki لاس (lâs, “female dog”), Bakhtiari لاس (lâs, “female dog”).


غوره

head

غوره • (ğure)

fa-noun

غوره • (ğure)

Related to Northern Kurdish cûr, jûr, Middle Armenian ժուռ (žuṙ).

آب در غوره ترش باشد و لیک / چون به انگوری رسد شیرین و نیک

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2601:

In the unripe grape the juice is sour, but it is sweet and good when it becomes a (ripe) grape.

âb dar ğura turš bâšad wa lek / čon ba angûr-i rasad šîrîn u nek


لوند

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لوند (levend)
Turkish: levent
→ Albanian: levend
→ Armenian: լէվէնտ (lēvēnt)
→ Aromanian: livendu
→ Bulgarian: леве́нт (levént)
→ Greek: λεβέντης (levéntis)
→ Hungarian: levente
→ Italian: levente
→ Macedonian: левент (levent)
→ Romanian: levent
→ Serbo-Croatian: lèvēnta／лѐве̄нта


بیمار

head

بیمار • (bimâr) (plural بیماران (bimârân) or بیمارها (bimâr-hâ))

bimâr (romanization)
بیماران (plural)
بیمارها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭩𐭬𐭠𐭫 (wēmār, “sick, ill”), from Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁- (“to spew, vomit”) + ār (agent suffix). Cognate with Latin vomō (“be sick, vomit”), Northern Kurdish bîvêr.


پوهنتون

head

پوهنتون • (pōhantūn)

fa-noun

پوهنتون • (pōhantūn)

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

Borrowed from Pashto پوهنتون (pohantún).

پوهنتون کابل (Dari)


آس

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”); compare English edge.

آسیاب آبی

آسیاب (âsyâb)

آسیاب بادی

آسیاب (âsyâb)


تیغ

→ Azerbaijani: tiğ

→ Bengali: তেগ (teg)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیغ (tiğ)
Turkish: tığ

→ Khalaj: tîğ

→ Punjabi: ਤੇਗ਼ (teġ) / تیغ (teġ)

Possibly from Parthian tēγ (tyg), 'blade'='sword' or 'lance'.
Or Middle Persian tēx (tyh), 'sharp edge, ridge; ray'.
Akin to Old Armenian տէգ (tēg), an Iranian borrowing.


خور

From Proto-Iranian *húHar, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.


خور

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْر (ḵawr, “bay, inlet, cove, canyon”).


خور

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ادبیات

Kazakh: әдебиет (adebiyet)

Borrowed from Arabic أَدَبِيَّات (ʔadabiyyāt). By surface analysis, ادب (adab) + ـیات (-iyyât).


سینی

→ Azerbaijani: sini

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سینی (sini)
Turkish: sini
→ Bulgarian: сини́я (siníja)
→ Macedonian: синија (sinija)
→ Serbo-Croatian: sìnija

desc

→ Urdu: سِینِی (sīnī)

→ Urdu: سِینِی (sīnī)

Borrowed from Arabic صِينِيّ (ṣīniyy, “Chinese”).

bor+

large metal tray used as a low-lying round table


بوی

→ Chagatai: بوی (boy)

→ Kipchak: بوی (boy)

→ Proto-Oghuz: *boy

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوی (boy, “fenugreek”)

Ottoman Turkish: بوی (boy, “fenugreek”)

Turkish: boy (“fenugreek”)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: بو (bū)

Hindi: बू (bū)

Akin to Old Armenian բոյր (boyr), an Iranian borrowing.


غرور

head

غرور • (ğorur)

fa-noun

غرور • (ğorur)


کتل

(dialectal, Kerman, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) kettle


داده‌ها

head

دادهها • (dâde-hâ)

fa-noun

دادهها • (dâde-hâ)

دادهها (canonical)
dâde-hâ (romanization)

Past participle of دادن (dâdan, “to give”); calqued from English data, from the past participle of Latin dare (“to give”).


زبان‌شناسی محاسباتی

head

زبانشناسی محاسباتی • (zabân-šenâsi mohâsebâti)

زبانشناسی محاسباتی (canonical)
zabân-šenâsi mohâsebâti (romanization)

computational linguistics
computational linguistics


مدیریت داده‌ها

مدیریت دادهها (canonical)
modiriyyat-e dâde-hâ (romanization)


پایگاه داده‌ها

پایْگاهِ دادِهها

پایْگاهِ دادِهها • (pây-gâh dâde-hâ)

fa-noun

پایْگاهِ دادِهها

پایْگاهِ دادِهها • (pây-gâh dâde-hâ)

پایْگاهِ دادِهها (canonical)
pây-gâh dâde-hâ (romanization)

[pʰɑːj.ɡɑː.ɦɪ d̪ɑː.d̪ä.ɦɑː]

[pʰɑːj.ɡɑː.ɦɪ d̪ɑː.d̪ä.ɦɑː]

[pʰɑːj.ɡɑː.jɪ d̪ɑː.d̪ɑːɑː]

[pʰäj.ɡɔː.ji d̪ɔː.d̪ɔːɔː]

[pʰɒːj.ɡɒː.ɦe d̪ɒːd̪e.ɦɒː]

[pʰɔj.ɡɔ.ɦi d̪ɔ.d̪ä.ɦɔ]


اطلاع‌رسانی

head

اطلاعرسانی • (etelâ'-resâni)

اطلاعرسانی (canonical)
etelâ'-resâni (romanization)

fa:اطلاع‌رسانی


بادلجان

بادلجان • (bâdeljân)

fa-noun

بادلجان • (bâdeljân)

[bɑː.d̪ɪl.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪl.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪl.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

بادنجان بادنجان#Persian


مخمر

head

مخمر • (moxammer) (plural مخمرها (moxammer-hâ))


زمین‌لرزه

زمینلرزه (canonical)
zamin-larze (romanization)


زلزله‌شناسی

زلزلهشناسی (canonical)
zelzele-šenâsi (romanization)


جلد

Borrowed from Arabic جِلْد (jild, “skin, hide”).


بالکل

Borrowed from Arabic بِٱلْكُلّ (bi-l-kull)


سونامی

head

سونامی • (sunâmi)

fa-noun

سونامی • (sunâmi)

Ultimately derived from Japanese 津(つ)波(なみ) (tsunami).


شیء

head

شیء • (šay'／šey') (plural اشیاء or شیءها)

šay'／šey' (romanization)
اشیاء (plural)
شیءها (plural)

شیء فیزیکی

شیء ریاضی

(physics, mathematics, computer science, philosophy) object

(in the plural) good, article, item, commodity

بدانکه حرب کردن شیئی تلخست و هرکه اندران عجب آرد و منی خوار ماند.

c. 1235, Muḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saʿīd, آداب الحرب و الشجاعه [Manners of War and Gallantry]:

Know that waging war is a bitter thing, and whoever brings pride and conceit into it shall be brought low.

bidān ki harb kardan šay'ē talx ast u har ki andar ān ujb ārad u manī xwār mānad.


پس‌لرزه

پسلرزه (canonical)
pas-larze (romanization)


خلیج

[xæ.líːd͡ʒ̥]


مفعول

(sex, law) bottom, the receptive partner in a male homosexual intercourse


سنجد

→ Ottoman Turkish: سنجد

Inherited from Proto-Iranian [Term?], cognate to Ossetian синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”) and Khotanese śīṃja (“thorny jujube”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”), related to اسپناج (espanâj, “spinach”).


اتصال

اتصال • (ettesâl) (plural اتصالات (ettesâlât) or اتصالها (ettesâl-hâ))

ettesâl (romanization)
اتصالات (plural)
اتصالها (plural)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːl]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːl]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːl]

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّصَال (ittiṣāl).


دستور

head

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

دَسْتور (canonical)
dastur (romanization)
دستورها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
Turkish: düstur
→ Swahili: desturi

→ Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)

→ English: dastur

→ Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

→ Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

Northern Kurdish: destûr

→ Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

→ Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).


منگوش

head

منگوش • (manguš)

fa-noun

منگوش • (manguš)


پوشش

head

پوشش • (pušeš) (plural پوششها (pušeš-hâ))


مقعد

Borrowed from Arabic مَقْعَد (maqʕad, “seat”).

bor+

مقعد بخش پایانی دستگاه گوارش در موجودات زنده است.

The anus is the final part of the digestive system in living organisms.

maq'ad baxš-e pâyâni-ye dastgâh-e govâreš dar mowjudât-e zende ast.


خدای

head

خدای • (xodây)

fa-noun

خدای • (xodây)

From Middle Persian hwtʾy (xwadāy, “lord”). Compare خدا.


گوشه

guše (romanization)
گوشهها (plural)
گوشه (singular)
gušé (singular)
گوشهها (plural)
guše-hấ (plural)
گوشها (colloquial plural)
gušeấ (plural)
گوشه را (definite direct-object singular)
gušé râ (definite direct-object singular)
گوشه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
gušá ro (definite direct-object singular)
گوشهها را (definite direct-object plural)
guše-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
گوشها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
gušeấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
گوشهٔ (ezafe singular)
gušé-ye (ezafe singular)
گوشههای (ezafe plural)
guše-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گوشهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
gušeấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گوشهای (definite relative singular)
گوشهای (indefinite singular stressed)
gušé-i (definite relative singular)
gušé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
گوشههایی (definite plural relative)
گوشههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
guše-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
guše-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
گوشهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
گوشهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
gušeấ-yi (definite plural relative)
gušeấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
گوشهام (first-person possessive singular)
gušé-am (first-person possessive singular)
گوشم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
gušám (first-person possessive singular)
گوشههایم (first-person possessive singular)
guše-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
گوشههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
gušeấm (first-person possessive singular)
گوشهات (possessive second-person singular)
gušé-at (possessive second-person singular)
گوشت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gušát (possessive second-person singular)
گوشههایت (possessive second-person singular)
guše-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
گوشههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gušeất (possessive second-person singular)
گوشهاش (possessive singular third-person)
gušé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
گوشش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gušáš (possessive singular third-person)
گوشههایش (possessive singular third-person)
guše-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
گوشههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gušeấš (possessive singular third-person)
گوشهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(gušé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
گوشهمون، گوشمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gušámun (first-person plural possessive)
گوشههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
guše-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
گوشههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gušeấmun (first-person plural possessive)
گوشهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(gušé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
گوشهتون، گوشتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gušátun (plural possessive second-person)
گوشههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
guše-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
گوشههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gušeấtun (plural possessive second-person)
گوشهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(gušé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
گوشهشون، گوششون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gušášun (plural possessive third-person)
گوشههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
guše-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
گوشههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gušeấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gwšk' /gōšag/, “corner”), which appears to be a suffixed formation from the word found now as گوش (guš, “ear”), in the sense of a lappet or protruding end of something.
Another theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve; hand”); see also Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “ring, circle”).

cog

fa:گوشه (موسیقی)

از این گوشه دنیا
به اون گوشه دنیا
منو به آشیونه
به یارم میرسونه

from this corner of the world to that corner of the world
to my nest,
to my beloved, it delivers me

az in guše-ye donyâ
be un guše-ye donyâ
man-o be âšiune
be yâram mi-resune


نوی

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npyk /nibēg/, “writing, scripture, book”). Doublet of نبی (nubī, nibī) and نپی (nupī, nipī); see نوشتن (neveštan, “to write”) for more.


ورقه

head

ورقه • (varaqe) (plural ورقهها (varaqe-hâ) or ورقات (varaqât))

varaqe (romanization)
ورقهها (plural)
ورقات (plural)

sheet (thin, flat layer of solid material)


بوره

→ Georgian: ბორა (bora)

→ Russian: бура́ (burá)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwlk' /*bōrag/), a term merely suffixed from the adjective [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl /bōr/) becoming modern بور (bur, “red, bay; blond”) by reason that borax, traded as tincal in its crude state and of but scarce natural deposits, before the modern production by means of induced chemical reaction, was obtained by dint of evaporation from certain lagoons in which it was dissolved with impurities.
For the formation of the Middle Iranian term compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (*bwlyk' /bōrīg/) behind بوری (buri, “blond”), and for its presence Old Armenian բորակ (borak), բարակ (barak), Georgian ბორაკი (boraḳi), Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܪܟܳܐ (burkā), ܒܘܿܪܩܵܐ (bōrqā), Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq).

lang

بوره یا بوراکس

بوره یا بوراکس


بوره

head

بوره • (bōra)

fa-noun

بوره • (bōra)

lang

بوره یا بوراکس

بوره یا بوراکس


ذکر

head

ذکر • (zakar) (plural ذکور (zokur) or ذکرها (zakar-hâ))

zakar (romanization)
ذکور (plural)
ذکرها (plural)


پنبه

پنبه • (panbe) (plural پنبهها (panbe-hâ))

→ Armenian: բամբակ (bambak)

→ Arabic: بمبه

→ Central Kurdish: پەمبە (pembe)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنبه

Turkish: pembe

→ Georgian: ბამბა (bamba)

→ Northern Kurdish: pembû

→ Urdu: پنبہ (pamba)

→ Zazaki: peme

From Middle Persian pmbk' (pambag, “cotton”).


منطق

[mæn̪.t̪ʰéɢ̥]

logic, dialectics
(by extension) (logical) reason

منطق الطیری به صوت آموختی
صد قیاس و صد هوس افروختی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3410:

You have learned the birds' language by the sound (alone),
you have kindled (invented) a hundred analogies and a hundred caprices.

mantiq-al-tîr-i ba sawt âmôxtî
sad qîyâs u sad hawas afrôxtî


مجهول

مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول
معروف و مجهول#Persian

(Classical Persian, Dari) majhul (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).


روس

Borrowed from Arabic رُوس (rūs, “Russians, Rus”), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).


هیدرولوژی

head

هیدرولوژی • (hidrôloži)

fa-noun

هیدرولوژی • (hidrôloži)


نمونه

head

نِمونِه • (nemune)

fa-noun

نِمونِه • (nemune)

نِمونِه (canonical)
nemune (romanization)

→ Arabic:

Omani Arabic: نمونة (nemūne)

→ Azerbaijani: nümunə

→ Baluchi: نمونہ (namuna)

→ Assamese: নমুনা (nomuna)

→ Bengali: নমুনা (nomuna)

desc

→ Chagatai: نَمُوْنَه

→ Chagatai: نَمُوْنَه

Uyghur: نەمۇنە (nemune)

Uzbek: namuna

→ Dhivehi: ނަމޫނާ (namūnā)

→ Dogri: namūna

Devanagari script: नमूना

Dogra script: 𑠝𑠢𑠰𑠝𑠬

→ Gojri: نَمُونو (namūno)

→ Gujarati: નમૂનો (namūno)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: नमूना (namūnā)

desctree

→ Urdu: نَمُونَہ (namūna)
→ Burmese: နမူနာ (na.muna)

→ Kannada: ನಮೂನೆ (namūne)

→ Maithili: namūnā

Devanagari script: नमूना

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒧𑒴𑒢𑒰

→ Malvi: नमूनो (namūno)

→ Marathi: नमुना (namunā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: नमूनौ (namūnau)

Mahajani script: 𑅧𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅒 (nmunu)

desc

→ Nepali: नमुना (namunā), नमूना (namūnā)

→ Odia: ନମୁନା (namunā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نمونه (nümune)

Turkish: numune

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮੂਨਾ (namūnā)

Shahmukhi script: نَمُوْنَہ (namūnah)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: نَمُونو

Devanagari script: नमूनो

Sindhi: 𑋑𑋗𑋤𑋑𑋧 (namūno)

→ Tamil: நமூனா (namūṉā)

→ Telugu: నమూనా (namūnā)

→ Varhadi: नमुना (namunā)


بها

head

بها • (bahâ)

fa-noun

بها • (bahâ)

→ Azerbaijani: baha

→ Bashkir: баһа (baha)

→ Chagatai: بها (baha)

Uzbek: باھا

Uzbek: baho

→ Ottoman Turkish: بها (baha)

Turkish: paha

→ Kazakh: баға (bağa)

→ Kyrgyz: баа (baa)

→ Turkmen: baha

From Middle Persian [script needed] (whʾk /wahāg/); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to sell, trade”). Akin to Armenian գին (gin, “price”).


بها

head

بها • (bahâ)

fa-noun

بها • (bahâ)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

بهاء بهاء#Persian

unhamzated form of بهاء (“beauty, elegance”)


جیب

→ Assamese: জেপ (zep)

→ Azerbaijani: cib

→ Bengali: জেব (jeb)

→ Georgian: ჯიბე (ǯibe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेब (jeb)

Urdu: جیب (jeb), جَیب (jaib)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جیب (ceb, cep)
Turkish: cep
→ Albanian: xhep
→ Bulgarian: джоб (džob)
→ Greek: τσέπη (tsépi)
→ Hungarian: zseb
→ Ladino: djep
→ Laz: ჯები (cebi), ჟები (jebi) — Vizha, ჯებე (cebe) — Akçakoca
→ Macedonian: џеб (džeb)
→ Middle Armenian: ճէպ (čēp)
Armenian: ջեբ (ǰeb), ճեպ (čep), ջիբ (ǰib), ջոբ (ǰob), ջուբ (ǰub), ջիպ (ǰip), ջեպ (ǰep), ջոպ (ǰop), ջուպ (ǰup), ջէբ (ǰēb), ճէպ (čēp) — traditional orthography
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џе̏п, же̏п (colloquial)
Latin script: džȅp, žȅp (colloquial)
→ Slovene: žep

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੇਬ (jeb)

Shahmukhi script: جیب (jeb)

Etymology tree
Arabic جَيْب (jayb)bor.
Persian جیبBorrowed from Arabic جَيْب (jayb).

etymon

(trigonometry, mathematics, archaic) sine


گمارا

head

گمارا • (gomârâ)

fa-noun

گمارا • (gomârâ)


زمان

head

زمان • (zamân) (plural زمانها (zamân-hâ) or ازمنه (azmâne))

zamân (romanization)
زمانها (plural)
ازمنه (plural)

→ Armenian: զաման (zaman)

→ Azerbaijani: zaman

→ Bashkir: заман (zaman)

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)

→ Kazakh: заман (zaman)

→ Kermanic:

Qohrudi: zamān

→ Khalaj: zamân

→ Central Kurdish: زهمان (zeman)

→ Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)

→ Malay: زمان / zaman

Indonesian: zaman, jaman

→ Ossetian: за́ман (záman)

→ Pashto: زمانه (zamâna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)

→ Turkish: zaman

→ Greek: ζαμάνι (zamáni)

→ Albanian: zaman

→ Serbo-Croatian: заман

→ Tatar: заман (zaman)

→ Waigali: zëmën

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (ẕmʾn' /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩 (zmn' /zamān/), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /zamān/), from Old Persian *jamānā; see there for more.

time, epoch, period, age, season (a broad time period; not the precise time on a clock)

زمان گذشته ― zamân-e gozašte ― past tense

در زمان شاه

در زمان جنگ

در این زمان


قوم

قُوْم (canonical)
qowm (romanization)
اقوام (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਮ (kaum)

Shahmukhi script: قوم (kaum)

قومی به گمان فتاده در راه یقین ― qowm-i be-gamân fetâde dar râh-e yaqin ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
میترسم از آنکه بانگ آید روزی ― mi-tarsam az ân-ke bâng âyad ruzi ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
کای بیخبران راه نه آنست و نه این ― key bi-xabarân! râh na ân-ast o na in ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)

1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát قومی متفکرند اندر ره دین ― qowm-i motefakker-and andar rah-e din ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)


خاژغان

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

fa-noun

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

[xɑːʒ.ˈɣɑːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɔːʒ.ɣɔ́ːn]

[xɒːʒ.ɢɒ́ːn]


اومانیسم

head

اومانیسم • (umânism)

fa-noun

اومانیسم • (umânism)


برز

head

برز • (barz) (plural برزان (barzân) or برزها (barz-hâ))

barz (romanization)
برزان (plural)
برزها (plural)

From Middle Persian wlc (warz, “work, agriculture”), from Proto-Iranian *warj-; see there for further information.


بیولوژی دریا

head

بیولوژی دریا • (bioloži daryâ)

fa-noun

بیولوژی دریا • (bioloži daryâ)


گرزه

→ Azerbaijani: gürzə

→ Armenian: գյուրզա (gyurza)

→ Russian: гюрза́ (gjurzá) (via Turkic)

From گرز (gorz, “mace”) + ـه (-e), because of the snake's large head. Compare Classical Syriac ܓܪܣܐ (gārsā), an Iranian borrowing.


گرزه

آهو از دام اندرون آواز داد
پاسخ گرزه بدانش باز داد

âhû az dâm andarûn âvâz dâd
pâsux-i garza bidâniš bâz dâd


استمناء

head

استمناء • (estemnâ')

fa-noun

استمناء • (estemnâ')

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪm.nɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪm.nɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪm.nɑ́ː]

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِمْنَاء (istimnāʔ).

bor+

اِسْتِمْنَاء

fa:خودارضایی


گرز

→ Armenian: գուրզ (gurz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گرز

→ Turkish: gürz

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: गुर्ज़ (gurz)

→ Urdu: گرز (gurz)

→ Chagatai: گرز

→ Kazakh: гүрзі (gürzı), күрзі (kürzı)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wlz /warz/, “mace”), from earlier [script needed] (wzl /wazr/), from Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), from Proto-Iranian *wájrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras. Cognate with Sanskrit वज्र (vájra, “thunderbolt; especially that of Indra”), Erzya: узере (uźeŕe, “axe”) and Northern Sami: veahčir (“hammer”), as well as akin to Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”).


تیلا

head

تیلا • (teylâ)

fa-noun

تیلا • (teylâ)

Compare Old Armenian թել (tʻel, “thread”).


تف

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Ossetian ту (tu, “spittle”), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, “to spit”), Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ, “spit, spittle”), Serbo-Croatian pljuvati (“to spit”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “to spit out”), Latin spuō (“to spit”), English spew.


تف

Related to Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing. Related to تب (tab).