ابریشم

abrišam (romanization)
abrišom (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: أبريسم (ʔabrīsam, ʔabrīsim), إبريسم (ʔibrīsam, ʔibrīsim)

→ Bengali: রেশম (reśom)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रेशम (reśam)

Urdu: ریشم (rešam)

→ Khalaj: bêşimi

desctree

→ Old Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi) (or from the Middle Persian ancestor)
Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi)
→ Bats: აფშრულ (apšrul)
→ Mingrelian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi), არეშუმი (arešumi), არუშუმი (arušumi)
→ Svan: აბრეშუ̂იმ (abrešûim)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ابرشیم (ibrişim)
Turkish: ibrişim
→ Bulgarian: ибриши́м (ibriším)
→ Macedonian: и́бришим (íbrišim)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ибрѝшим
Latin script: ibrìšim

→ Sylheti: ꠞꠦꠡꠝ (reśom)

→ Udi: абришӏум (abriš:um)

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

[ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄lyšwm,ʾp̄lyšm /abrēšom/, “silk”), from Proto-Iranian *upawraišamah. Compare Luri ۏریشںم (örişəm) and Old Armenian loanword ապրիշում (aprišum, “silk”).


فردوس

head

فردوس • (ferdows) (plural فرادیس (farâdis))

Reborrowed from Arabic فِرْدَوْس (firdaws), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah, like the native پالیز (pâlêz, pâliz).


زور

→ Armenian: զոռ (zoṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: zor

→ Bashkir: ҙур (źur, “big, large”)

→ Bengali: জোর (jōr)

→ Greek: ζόρι (zóri)

→ Gujarati: જોર (jor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ोर (zor)

Urdu: زور (zor)

→ Phalura: zoór

→ Kazakh: зор (zor)

→ Konkani: जोर (jor)

→ Marathi: जोर (jor)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زور (zor)
Turkish: zor
→ Bulgarian: зор (zor)
→ Greek: ζόρι (zóri)
→ Serbo-Croatian: zȏr, зо̑р
→ Romanian: zor

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੋਰ (zor)

Shahmukhi script: زور (zor)

→ Romani: zor

→ Udi: зор (zor)

→ Uyghur: زور (zor)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwl /zōr/), which Pokorny derives from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to hasten”) and compares to Serbo-Croatian žúriti (“to hurry, rush”) and Old Norse keyra (“to whip, lash; to ride”). See also Old Armenian զաւր (zawr), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

چار جوی جنت اندر حکم ماست
این نه زور ما ز فرمان خداست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3560:

The four rivers of Paradise are under our control;
this is not (by) our might, ’tis (by) the command of God

čār jōy-i-jannat andar hukm-i-mā-st
īn na zōr-i-mā za farmān-i-xudā-st


زور

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwhl /zōhr/), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tlo-, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Compare English god, God. See also Persian ژون (žun, “idol”).


زور

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zʿwr /zūr/). Compare also Old Armenian զուր (zur), from Parthian.


خون

Judeo-Tat: xun

Tajik: хун (xun)

→ Azerbaijani: xun

→ Bengali: খুন (khun)

→ Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /xūn/)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)

Urdu: خُون (xūn)

→ Maithili: khūn

Devanagari script: खून

Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢

→ Punjabi: xūn

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ

Shahmukhi script: خُون

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /xōn/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /xōn/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.
Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /gōxn/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /xurn/) or [script needed] (wγrn /wuxrn, uxarn/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).


موسم

head

مُوسِم • (mowsem) (plural مواسم (mavâsem))

مُوسِم (canonical)
mowsem (romanization)
مواسم (plural)

→ Bengali: মৌসুম (mōuśum)

→ Gujarati: મોસમ (mosam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौसम (mausam)

desctree

Urdu: مَوسَم (mausam)
→ Ushojo: موسم (mōsam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਸਮ (mausam)

Shahmukhi script: موسَم (mosam)


سال

head

سال • (sâl) (plural سالها (sâl-hâ) or سالیان (sâliyân))

sâl (romanization)
سالها (plural)
سالیان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: sal

→ Bengali: সাল (śal)

→ Gujarati: સાલ (sāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साल (sāl)

Urdu: سال (sāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਲ (sāl)

Shahmukhi script: سال (sāl)

→ Sindhi: سال

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-?
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts
Proto-Iranian *carHdáh
Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d)
Middle Persian ŠNT
Persian سال
From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard/), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.


گچ

→ Armenian: գաջ (gaǰ)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gc /gač/, “plaster, gypsum”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒅎𒌓 (IM.BABBAR /gaṣṣu/, “gypsum”). Compare Khotanese [script needed] (gatsä, “gypsum”), Arabic جص (jaṣṣ, “plaster”), Classical Syriac ܓܨܐ (gaṣṣā, “plaster”) from the same source.

cog

(orthopaedics) plaster cast, orthopaedic cast


بیخودی

From بیخود (bixod, “selfless”) + ـی (-i).

(Sufism) selflessness (More than mere selflessness, it describes a state of ecstasy and joyous intoxication resulting from a state of unity with God.)


سگ

head

سَگ • (sag) (plural سگها (sag-hâ) or سگان (sagân))

سَگ (canonical)
sag (romanization)
سگها (plural)
سگان (plural)

From Middle Persian sag, from Old Persian *𐏂𐎣 (*çaka-) (compare an Iranian denotation of the dog *spaka-, Old Median σπάκα, Northern Kurdish se, seg, and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), from Middle Median *aspak), from Proto-Iranian *cwā́ (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)), Pashto سپی (spëy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́ (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

سگ من تندتر از سگ تو میدوه.


خانم

خانُم • (xânom) (plural خانمها (xânom-hâ))

خانُم (canonical)
xânom (romanization)
خانمها (plural)

→ Punjabi: خانَم (xānam)

→ Urdu: خانَم (xānam)

From خان (xân) and the genitive enclitic -em, or perhaps from Persian کانم (kânom, “a married woman”).

madam (used in Iran especially in the 19th century)


درود

→ Bengali: দরূদ (dorud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)

Urdu: دُرُود (durūd)

→ Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)

[d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (drwd /drōd/, “well-being, health, welfare”), from Old Persian *druwatā-, from 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎺 (du-u-ru-u-v /duruva-/, “secure, healthy”), from Proto-Iranian *druwáh. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬝 (druuatāt̰, “health”) (from 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀- (druua-)) and Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruvá, “fixed, immovable; firm”). Related to Old Armenian դրուատ (druat). As a greeting compare Russian здоро́во (zdoróvo, “hi”).

cog

سلام و درود از خراسان

hello and greetings from Khorasan (Formal Khorasani Persian)


درود

[d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥]

From Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Also see دار (dâr), درخت (deraxt). Aghwan 𐔳𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐔳 (durud) is an Iranian borrowing.


فامیل

head

فامیل • (fâmil)

fa-noun

فامیل • (fâmil)


چندر

(dialectal, Bushehr, Konartakhteh, Khesht, Dashtestan) beetroot


خدا

خُدا (canonical)
xodâ (romanization)
خدایان (plural)
خدایم (first-person predicative singular)
xodâyam (first-person predicative singular)
خدام (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
xodâm (first-person predicative singular)
خداییم (first-person plural predicative)
xodâyim (first-person plural predicative)
خدایی (predicative second-person singular)
xodâyi (predicative second-person singular)
خدایید (plural predicative second-person)
xodâyid (plural predicative second-person)
خدایین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xodâyin (plural predicative second-person)
خداست (predicative singular third-person)
xodâst (predicative singular third-person)
خداس، خدائه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xodâs, xodâe (predicative singular third-person)
خدایند (plural predicative third-person)
xodâyand (plural predicative third-person)
خدان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xodân (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: xuda

→ Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)

→ Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)

→ Bengali: খোদা (khōda)

→ Chagatai: خدا

Uyghur: خۇدا (xuda)

Uzbek: xudo

⇒ Chinese:

→ Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)

→ Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà) (often Lanyin and Zhongyuan), 胡達／胡达 (Húdá) (Yinchuan, Xining, Ürümqi, and Sokuluk)

→ Crimean Tatar: quday

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)

→ Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)

→ Karakalpak: quday

→ Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)

→ Khakas: худай (xuday)

→ Khalaj: Xudâ

→ Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)

→ Kumyk: худай (xuday)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خدا

Turkish: hüda

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)

Shahmukhi script: خدا (xudā)

→ Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)

desc

→ Shor: қудай

→ Shor: қудай

→ Tatar: ходай (xoday)

→ Turkmen: hudaý

From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /xwadāy/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /mara/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).
Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).

cog

God (the singular divinity of monotheism)

(obsolete except as the second element of a compound) lord, patron, master, owner


چاقو

→ Middle Bengali: চাকু (caku)

Bengali: চাকু (caku)

→ Burushaski: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Georgian:

→ Georgian: ჯაყვა (ǯaq̇va)

→ Georgian: ჩაქუჩი (čakuči)

→ Gujarati: ચાકુ (cāku)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकू (cākū), चाक़ू (cāqū)

Urdu: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Ishkashimi: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕು (cāku)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: चाकू (cākū)

Latin script: chaku

→ Maithili: cākū

Devanagari script: चाकू

Tirhuta script: 𑒔𑒰𑒏𑒴

→ Marathi: चाकू (cākū)

desc

→ Marwari: चकू (cakū), चक्कू (cakkū), चाकू (cākū)

→ Munji: [script needed] (čoqūwa)

→ Nepali: चक्कु (cakku)

→ Odia: ଚାକୁ (cāku)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਕੂ (cākū)

Shahmukhi script: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Marwari: चक्कू (cakkū)

→ Sarikoli: čōqы, čōqů

→ Semnani: čāqu

→ Shughni: čōqū, čōqūn

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: چاقُو

Devanagari script: चाकू

→ Telugu: చాకు (cāku)

→ Wakhi: čoqыw, čoqu

→ Yazghulami: čapqu, čapqů

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ʁuː]

From earlier چاکو (čākū) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ckwc /čakuč/, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”). Related to Ottoman Turkish چاقی (çakı).

der

این چاقو تیز است. (more literary)
in čâqu tiz ast.

این چاقو تیزه. (more colloquial)

این خانم به دلیل ضربات چاقو به قلباش جان داد.

2021, “شروع محاکمه مرد افغان در آلمان به اتهام قتل خانماش در یک بس”, in dw.com, Deutsche Welle:

this lady passed away due to knife stabbings to the heart.

in xânom be dalil-e zarabât-e čâqu be qalb-eš jân dâd.


طاس

Tajik: тос (tos)

→ Uzbek: tos

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (tās)

→ Bengali: তাস (taś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताश (tāś)

Urdu: تاش (tāś)

→ Kyrgyz: таз (taz)

→ Nepali: तास (tās)

→ Old East Slavic: тазъ (tazŭ) (via Turkic)

Belarusian: таз (taz)

Russian: таз (taz)

Ukrainian: таз (taz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طاس (tâs)

Turkish: tas

→ Albanian: tas

→ Bulgarian: тас (tas)

→ Greek: τάσι (tási)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тас

Latin script: tas

→ Romanian: tas

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਸ਼ (tāś), ਤਾਸ (tās)

Shahmukhi script: تاش (tāś)

→ Tatar: тас (tas), таз (taz)

→ Turkmen: таз

→ Uyghur: داس (das)

Borrowed from Arabic طاس (ṭās). Doublet of طشت (tašt), تشت (tašt).


طاس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tʾs /tās/, “die”).


مار

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭥 (mār), from Old Iranian *māra-. A derivation from *marθra- suffers from phonetic problems.


لا

(music) A, La (the sixth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) La (the sixth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the submediant)


تلفن

head

تِلِفُن • (telefon) (plural تلفنها (telefon-hâ))

تِلِفُن (canonical)
telefon (romanization)
تلفنها (plural)

شُمارِهٔ تِلِفُن شُما چیسْت؟ (Iranian Persian, formal)


رسول

رسول • (rasul) (plural رسل (rosol) or رسولان (rasulân))

rasul (romanization)
رسل (plural)
رسولان (plural)


عکس

عَکس (canonical)
'aks (romanization)
عکسها (plural)

عکس چندان باید از یاران خوش
که شوی از بحر بیعکس آب کش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 566:

The reflexion (cast) from goodly friends is necessary
until you become, without (the aid of any) reflexion, a drawer of water from the Sea.

'aks čandān bayād az yārān-i xwaš
ki šawi az bahr bē-'aks āb-kaš


دوست‌دختر

دوستدختر (canonical)
dust-doxtar (romanization)


بودا

بودا • (budâ)

fa-noun

بودا • (budâ)


آلو

→ Azerbaijani: alı

→ Khalaj: âlu

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلو (âlû)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwk' /ālūg/, “plum, prune”). Ultimately a Wanderwort of unknown origin. Compare Proto-Turkic *erük (“plum, apricot”, whence Turkish erik (“plum”)), Nepali आरु (āru, “plum”), Ashkun arú (“plum”).

cog

whence Turkish <i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">erik</i> (“plum”)


آلو

Borrowed from Hindi आलु (ālu), from Sanskrit आलु (ālu). Doublet of Dari کچالو (kačālū).


شطرنج

head

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

fa-noun

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

شَطْرَنْج (canonical)
šatranj (romanization)

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃæt̪.ɹænd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj, “shatranj, chess”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).

der

بازیِ شَطْرَنْج


بلاگ

belâg (romanization)
blâg (romanization)


برج

head

برج • (borj) (plural برجها (borj-hâ) or بروج)

borj (romanization)
برجها (plural)
بروج (plural)

→ Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

cog

برج آزادی


تمام

head

تَمام • (tamâm)

fa-noun

تَمام • (tamâm)

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɔ́ːm]

[t̪ʰæ.mɒ́ːm]

(with a following ezafe) all of; the whole


انگلیسی

head

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi) (plural انگلیسیها (englisi-hâ))

اِنْگْلیسی (canonical)
englisi (romanization)
انگلیسیها (plural)

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

نمیتونم خوب انگلیسی حرف بزنم.

کار، کار انگلیسیهاست.


ملخ

→ Ottoman Turkish: ملخ

From Middle Persian *malax (written as Pazend 𐬨𐬀𐬮𐬀𐬐 (malak)), borrowed from Bactrian μαλαχο (malaxo), from Proto-Iranian *madaxa, itself probably related to Sanskrit मटची (maṭacī, “locust”). Compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬑𐬀 (maδaxa, “grasshopper”), Baluchi مدگ (madag), مذغ (maδaγ), Pashto ملخ (malax, “locust”), Old Armenian loanword մարախ (marax), Ossetian мӕтых (mætyx), Khwarezmian مثخ (mθx). The inherited Southwestern Iranian form is میگ (meyg) (> میگو (meygu, “shrimp, prawn”)); the wide phonetic variation in the word's relatives is induced by the taboo of the inauspicious locust.


بارود

بارود • (bârud)

fa-noun

بارود • (bârud)

→ Aramaic:

Syriac script: ܒܐܪܘܕ (bārūḏ).

→ Bengali: বারুদ (barud)

→ Hindi: बारूद (bārūd)

→ Nepali: बारूद (bārūd)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਰੂਦ (bārūd)

Shahmukhi script: بارود (bārūd)

→ Urdu: بارود (bārūd)

باروت باروت#Persian


باروت

head

باروت • (bârut)

fa-noun

باروت • (bârut)

→ Hindi: बारूत (bārūt)

→ Kurdish:

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: barût

desc

Central Kurdish: بارووت (barût), باڕووت (barrût)

Southern Kurdish: بارۊت (barüt)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਰੂਤ (bārūt)

→ Urdu: باروت (bārūt)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Persian بارود (bârud), from Arabic بارود (bārūd).


اختر

head

اَخْتَر • (axtar)

fa-noun

اَخْتَر • (axtar)

اَخْتَر (canonical)
axtar (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhtl /axtar/), an ancient backformation from [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾhtl /abāxtar/, “planet”), due to a mistaken folk etymology that the first element ab- was a negative suffix, since Zoroastrianism considers the planets to be nefarious "un-stars" due to their astronomically odd behavior.

inh

ای شهنشاه بلند اختر، خدا را همتی
تا ببوسم همچو اختر خاک ایوان شما

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

O King of Kings of soaring fortune [the Beloved], for God's sake just a little grace,
So that I might kiss―as do the stars―the dust of your porch.

ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
tā bibōsam hamčū axtar xāk-i ēwān-i šumā

اختر نیک (literary)

باز این منم که از غم روی چو ماه تو
شب تا به صبح، دیدهٔ من پر ز اختر است

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

It is me again whose eyes, out of love-sorrow for your moon-like face,
Are full of starry tears from nightfall to dawn.

bâz in man-am ke az ğam-e ru-ye ču mâh-e to
šab tâ be sobh, dide-ye man por ze axtar ast


کمرا

head

کمرا • (kamrâ)

fa-noun

کمرا • (kamrâ)

Reborrowed from Aramaic קמרא (qamrā) / Classical Syriac ܩܡܪܐ (qamrā, “girdle”) – in spite of the sense "vault" not being attested in Aramaic, and notwithstanding the sound correspondence /q/ → /k/, which is like in کما (komâ, kamâ) –, itself from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭫𐭩 (kmly /kamar/, “girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”), the progenitor of کمر (kamar, “belt, arch”).

der

the string worn by the followers of Zoroaster


چاکر

head

چاکر • (čâker) (plural چاکرها (čâker-hâ))

→ Assamese: চাকৰ (sakor)

→ Bengali: চাকর (cakor)

→ Gujarati: ચાકર (cākar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकर (cākar)

Urdu: چاکر (cākar)

→ Malayalam: ചാക്കിരി (cākkiri)

→ Marathi: चाकर (cākar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاكر (çaker)

Turkish: çaker

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈkaɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.kʰǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ˈkʲeɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.kʰǽɾ]

Borrowed from Sogdian *čākar (“armed retainer of a lord”), a word attested in Chinese and Arabic transcriptions.

bor+

من چاکر آنم که دلی برباید
یا دل به کسی دهد که جان آساید
آن کس که نه عاشق و نه معشوق کسیست
در ملک خدای اگر نباشد شاید

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 74”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

I am the servant of he who snatches a heart away,
Or gives his heart to someone who soothes the soul;
The person who is neither someone's lover nor beloved
Is worthy of God's kingdom, should he not be there.

man čakar-i ān-am ki dilē birubāyad
yā dil ba kasē dihad ki jān āsāyad
ān kas ki na āšiq u na ma'šuq-i kasē-st
dar mulk-i xudāy agar na-bāšad šāyad


کوی

desctree

→? Ottoman Turkish: كوی (köy), كوك (köğ), كوو (köv)
Turkish: köy
→ Crimean Tatar: köy

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwd /kōy/, “lane, street”), of unknown origin.


کمر

→ Armenian: քամար (kʻamar)

→ Azerbaijani: kəmər

→ Middle Bengali: কমর (komor)

Bengali: কোমর (kōmor)

desctree

→ Georgian: ქამარი (kamari)
→ Bats: ქამარ (kamar)

→ Gujarati: કમર (kamar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमर (kamar)

Urdu: کمر (kamar)

→ Kashmiri: کَمَر (kamar)

→ Khalaj: kamar

→ Malay: kamar

→ Marathi: कंबर (kambar)

→ Punjabi: ਕਮਰ (kamar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمر (kemer)
Turkish: kemer
→ Albanian: qemer
→ Armenian: քէմէր (kʻēmēr), ք^յա̈մա̈ր (kʻʸämär)
→ Bulgarian: кеме́р (kemér)
→ Greek: κεμέρι (keméri)
→ Romanian: chimír, chimér

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kml /kamar/, “waist, belt, girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”) from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂m-ér-e-ti, from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”) (see there for further cognates). Doublet of کمرا (kamrâ).


طلسم

head

طلسم • (telesm) (plural طلسمها (telesm-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic طِلَّسْم (ṭillasm).


قرمز

→ Urdu: قرمز (qirmizī)

PIE word
 *kwŕ̥mis
Borrowed from Arabic قِرْمِز (qirmiz), from Persian کرمست (*kermest), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš (“worm”), whence also the inherited doublet کرم (kerm, “worm”).

kermes insect (Kermes ilicis, an insect found on the kermes oak that is used to make crimson dyes)

قرمزی روز


تلسکوپ

تلسکوپ • (teleskop) (plural تلسکوپها (teleskop-hâ))

teleskop (romanization)
تلسکوپها (plural)


زندگی

zendegi (romanization)
زندگی (singular)
zendegí (singular)
زندگیها (plural)
zendegi-hấ (plural)
زندگیا (colloquial plural)
zendegiấ (plural)
زندگی را (definite direct-object singular)
zendegí râ (definite direct-object singular)
زندگی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
zendegí ro (definite direct-object singular)
زندگیها را (definite direct-object plural)
zendegi-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
زندگیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
zendegiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
زندگی (ezafe singular)
zendegí-ye (ezafe singular)
زندگیهای (ezafe plural)
zendegi-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زندگیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
zendegiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زندگی (definite relative singular)
زندگی (indefinite singular stressed)
zendegí (definite relative singular)
zendegí (indefinite singular stressed)
زندگیهایی (definite plural relative)
زندگیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
zendegi-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
zendegi-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
زندگیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
زندگیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
zendegiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
zendegiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
زندگیام (first-person possessive singular)
zendegí-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zendegím (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
zendegi-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیهام، زندگیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zendegiấm (first-person possessive singular)
زندگیات (possessive second-person singular)
zendegí-at (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zendegít (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
zendegi-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیهات، زندگیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zendegiất (possessive second-person singular)
زندگیاش (possessive singular third-person)
zendegí-aš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zendegíš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
zendegi-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیهاش، زندگیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zendegiấš (possessive singular third-person)
زندگیمان (first-person plural possessive)
zendegíyemân (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zendegímun (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
zendegi-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیهامون، زندگیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zendegiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
زندگیتان (plural possessive second-person)
zendegíyetân (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zendegítun (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
zendegi-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیهاتون، زندگیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zendegiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
زندگیشان (plural possessive third-person)
zendegíyešân (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zendegíšun (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
zendegi-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
زندگیهاشون، زندگیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zendegiấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Tajik: зиндагӣ (zindagi)

→ Bengali: জিন্দেগী (jindegi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़िंदगी (zindagī)

Urdu: زِنْدَگی (zindagī)

→ Punjabi: زندگی (zindagī)

→ Tamil: ஜிந்தகி (jintaki)

→ Sindhi: زندگي (zindagī)

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

[zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]

زن، زندگی، آزادی
zan, zendegi, âzâdi (Iranian Reading) zan, zindagī, āzādī (Dari Reading)
Woman, Life, Freedom


موقع

موقع • (mowqe') (plural موقعها (mowqe'-hâ) or مواقع (mavâqe'))

mowqe' (romanization)
موقعها (plural)
مواقع (plural)

→ Ahirani: मोका (mokā)

→ Assamese: মৌকা (mouka)

→ Bagheli: मोका (mokā)

→ Bengali: মওকা (moōka)

→ Dogri: mauqā

Devanagari script: मौक़ा

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠶𑠊𑠺𑠬

→ Gojri: موقعو (moqo)

→ Gujarati: મોકો (moko)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौक़ा (mauqā)

desctree

Urdu: مَوقَع (mauqā)
→ Phalura:
Latin script: mooqá
Arabic script: موقع

{{desc|mai|-|bor=1} mōkā}

Devanagari script: मोका

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒼𑒏𑒰

→ Malvi: मोको (moko)

→ Marathi: मोका (mokā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मौको (mauko), मौकौ (maukau)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅔 (muko), 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅒 (muku)

→ Odia: ମୋକା (mokā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਕ਼ਾ (mauqā)

Shahmukhi script: مَوقَع (mauqaʻ)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَوْقو

Devanagari script: मोक़ओ

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋧𑊺𑋩𑊸 (moqao)

→ Varhadi: मोक्का (mokkā)

موقع دیگر

برخی مواقع ― barxi mavâqe' ― sometimes

به موقعاش
be mowqe'-aš
at the appropriate time
(literally, “at its time”)

سال دیگر این موقع میگویید کاش امروز شروع کرده بودید

This time next year you will say I wish I had started today.

sâl-e digar in mowqe' mi-guyid kâš emruz šoru' karde budid.

بعضی موقعها همه چی هست به جز اونیکه باید باشه

2021, Amir Tataloo (lyrics and music), “من باهات قهرم”:

Sometimes there's everything except what there needs to be

ba'zi mowqe'-hâ hame či hast be joz uni ke bâyad bâše


شیشه

head

شیشه • (šiše)

fa-noun

شیشه • (šiše)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)

Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)

→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)
→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)

Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)

Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)

→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)

Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)

→ Turkic:

Southern Altai: шише (šiše)

Azerbaijani: şüşə

Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)

Kazakh: шиша (şişa)

Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)

Nogai: сисе (sise)

Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)

→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: şişe
→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)
→ Albanian: shishe
→ Crimean Tatar: şişe
→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)
→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)
→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)
→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah
→ German: Schischa, Shisha
→ Low German: Schischa
→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)
→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)

Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)

Uzbek: shisha

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”), seemingly from *šīš (compare Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”), an Iranian borrowing) + common suffix -ag, probably ultimately from Semitic. Compare Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”), Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”), Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”).

cog

وی شیشه را شکست.

اون شیشه رو شکست.

شِیشهٔ دِلَم، اَی خُدا، زیرِ سَنگ آمَده.
šīša-yi dilam, ay xudā, zēr-i sang āmada.
The glass of my heart, o God, comes under the stone.
(Dari, literary)

گفت احول ز ان دو شیشه من کدام
پیش تو آرم بکن شرح تمام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 328:

Said the squint-eyed one: “Which of the two bottles shall I bring to you? Explain fully.”

guft ahwal z-ān du šīša man kudām
pēš-i tu āram bikun šarh-i tamām


شیخ

head

شیخ • (šeyx)

fa-noun

شیخ • (šeyx)

→ Azerbaijani: şeyx

→ Kholosi: šēx

→ Urdu: شیخ (śaix)


چهارشنبه

head

چهارشنبه • (čahâršanbe)

fa-noun

چهارشنبه • (čahâršanbe)

→ Azerbaijani: çərşənbə

→ Bashkir: шаршамбы (şarşambı)

→ Gujarati: ચારશંબા (cārśambā)

→ Kazakh: сәрсенбі (särsenbı)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چهارشنبه, չարշամպա (çarşamba), չարշանպա (çarşanba /çarşamba/) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: çarşamba

desc

→ Tatar: чәршәмбе (çärşämbe)

→ Tatar: чәршәмбе (çärşämbe)

Uzbek: chorshanba

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɑːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰɔːɔːɾ.ʃäm.béː]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɦɒːɹ.ʃæm.bé]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɔɾ.ʃäm.bé]

From چهار (čahâr) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “four (days after) Saturday”.


سه‌شنبه

سهشنبه (canonical)
se-šanbe (romanization)

→ Bashkir: шишәмбе (şişəmbe)

→ Gujarati: સેશંબા (seśambā)

→ Kazakh: сейсенбі (seisenbı)

→ Northern Kurdish: sêşemî

→ Kyrgyz: шейшемби (şeyşembi)

→ Tatar: сишәмбе (sişämbe)

→ Uzbek: seshanba

→ Zazaki: sêşeme

From سه (se) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “three (days after) Saturday”.


یک‌شنبه

یکشنبه (canonical)
yek-šanbe (romanization)

→ Bashkir: йәкшәмбе (yəkşəmbe)

→ Gujarati: યકશંબા (yakśambā)

→ Kazakh: жексенбі (jeksenbı)

→ Northern Kurdish: yekşem

→ Kyrgyz: жекшемби (jekşembi)

→ Tatar: якшәмбе (yakşämbe)

→ Uzbek: yakshanba

→ Zazaki: yekşem

یک (yek) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “one (day after) Saturday”. From Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫏𐫞𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫤 (yqšmbt /yakšambat/, “Sunday”)


پنج‌شنبه

پنجشنبه (canonical)
panj-šanbe (romanization)

Tajik: панҷшанбе (panjšanbe)

→ Gujarati: પંજશંબા (pañjśambā)

→ Kazakh: бейсенбі (beisenbı)

→ Kurdish:

desc

Central Kurdish: پێنجشەم (pêncşem), پێنجشەمە (pêncşeme)

Northern Kurdish: pêncşemb f, pêncşem f

→ Kyrgyz: бейшемби (beyşembi)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرشنبه, پنجشنبه (pençşembe)
Turkish: perşembe

desc

زیارت/پینځنۍ

→ Pashto: زیارت/پینځنۍ (Zyarat/Pindzanai)

→ Tatar: пәнҗешәмбе (pänceşämbe)

→ Turkmen: penşenbe

پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ<g:m>

→ Urdu: پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ m (pañj śamba)

→ Urdu: پَن٘ج شَن٘بَہ m (pañj śamba)

→ Uyghur: پەيشەنبە (peyshenbe)

→ Uzbek: payshanba

→ Zazaki: pojşeme

From پنج (panj, literally “five”) + شنبه (šanbe, literally “Saturday”), literally “five (days after) Saturday”.


دوشنبه

head

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

fa-noun

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

→ Azerbaijani: düşənbə

→ Bashkir: дүшәмбе (düşəmbe)

→ Gujarati: દુશંબા (duśambā)

→ Karakalpak: дүйшемби

→ Kazakh: дүйсенбі (düisenbı)

desc

→ Kyrgyz: дүйшөмбү (düyşömbü)

→ Kyrgyz: дүйшөмбү (düyşömbü)

→ Nogai: дуьйсемби (düysembi)

→ Tatar: дүшәмбе (düşämbe)

→ Turkmen: duşenbe

→ Ushojo: دوشمبی (dōšambī)

→ Uyghur: دۈشەنبە (düshenbe)

→ Uzbek: dushanba

دو (do) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “two (days after) Saturday”. From Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫎 (dwšmbṯ /dōšambat/, “Monday”). The name of the city derives from the large bazaar that occurred on Mondays in the area.


آدینه

head

آدینه • (âdine) (plural آدینهها (âdine-hâ))

→ Gujarati: આદીના (ādīnā)

Judeo-Persian: (*δ > *z)

→ Judeo-Persian: אזינא (/ezénā/) (Hamadani dialect)

→ Judeo-Persian: [Term?] (/ẓené/) (Isfahani dialect)

Kermanic: (*δ > *y)

→ Abuzeydabadi: آینه (aynä)

→ Ardestani: آنه (ānne)

→ Pashto: آدينه (ādiná)

Tatic:

→ Central Tati: آرنه (ārna)

→ Karingani: اینا (aynā)

Turkic:

Oghur:

desctree

→ Bulgar: ايرنى (êrne)
Chuvash: эрне (erne)
→ Eastern Mari: арня (arńa)
→ Western Mari: ӓрня (ärńa)
→ Udmurt: арня (arńa)

Common Turkic:

→ Tatar: атна (atna)

→ Bashkir: аҙна (aźna)

→ Turkmen: anna

→ Uyghur: ئازنا (azna)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾdynk' /ādēnag ~ āyēnag/) (in Pazand texts mentioned as 𐬁𐬛𐬉𐬥𐬀 (ādēna) and 𐬁𐬜𐬉𐬥𐬀 (āδēna)) perhaps from Parthian. Akin to Manichean Sogdian 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫆 (ʾʾδynʾẖ /āδēnē/), 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫏 (ʾʾδyny /āδēnē/, “Friday”) and Khwarezmian آذینک (ʾδynk /āδēnē/, “Friday”).

cog

Sogdian 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫆 (ʾʾδynʾẖ /āδēnē/)


شنبه

šanbe (romanization)
šanbeh (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: şənbə

→ Bashkir: шәмбе (şəmbe)

→ Gujarati: શંબા (śambā)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: شهمه (šama)

Northern Kurdish: şembî (šambī)

Southern Kurdish: شهمه (šama)

→ Judeo-Persian: שמבד (šambad)

→ Kazakh: сенбі (senbı)

→ Kyrgyz: ишемби (işembi)

→ Tatar: шимбә (şimbä)

→ Uyghur: شەنبە (shenbe)

→ Uzbek: shanba

→ Zazaki: şeme (šama)

desc

خالي/پیلۍ/ونۍ/یونۍ/پیلنۍ

→ Pashto: خالي/پیلۍ/ونۍ/یونۍ/پیلنۍ (Khali/Pilai/Wanai/Yawanai/Pilanai)

From earlier form شنبذ (šambað) from late Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫅 (šmbd /šambad/) from early Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫎 (šmbṯ /šambat/, “Sabbath, Saturday”) (akin to Manichaean Parthian 𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫤 (šmbt /šambat/, “Sabbath, Saturday”)), ultimately from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”), itself possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the month”). Akin to Aghwan 𐕐𐔰𐕌𐔱𐔰𐕜 (šambaṭ), an Iranian borrowing.

der

شنبه آنجا که قسم شنبه بود
وآن دگرها چنان کز آن به بود

1197, Hakīm Nizāmī Ganjawī, chapter 25, in هفت پیکر [Haft Paykar]:

On Saturday the place prescribed for it
And on the other days as it was meet

šanbih ān-jā ki qism-i šanbih būd
w-ān digar-hā čunān k-az ān bih būd


صبح

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुबह (subah)

Urdu: صبح (subh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੁਬ੍ਹਾ (subhā)

Shahmukhi script: صُبْح (ṣubḥ)

→ Mazanderani: صوی (sevi)


خلیفه

head

خلیفه • (xalife) (plural خلفا (xolafâ) or خلیفهها (xalife-hâ))

xalife (romanization)
خلفا (plural)
خلیفهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लीफ़ा (xalīfā)

desctree

Urdu: خلیفہ (xalīfa)
→ Telugu: ఖలీఫా (khalīphā)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: خَلِیفَہ (xalīfa)

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਲੀਫ਼ਾ (xalīfā)

→ Sindhi: خليفو (xalīfo)


ازدحام

head

ازدحام • (ezdehâm)

fa-noun

ازدحام • (ezdehâm)

[ʔɪz.d̪e̞.ɦɑ́ːm]

[ʔɪz.d̪e̞.ɦɑ́ːm]

Borrowed from Arabic اِزْدِحَام (izdiḥām).


پناه

head

پناه • (panâh)

fa-noun

پناه • (panâh)

→ Azerbaijani: pənah

→ Bengali: পনা (pona), পানা (pana)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਨਾਹ (panāh)

Shahmukhi script: پناه (panāh)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭭𐭠𐭧 (panāh, “protector; refuge”).


غول

Alternative form of آغل (âğol) penfold, caverns for cattle


شخص

head

شخص • (šaxs) (plural اشخاص (ašxâs) or شخصها (šaxs-hâ) or شخصان (šaxsân))

šaxs (romanization)
اشخاص (plural)
شخصها (plural)
شخصان (plural)


דין

המישה פיירוו תורה ודין באש
דגר הם צחבת אהל יקין באש

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

Always pursue the Torah and religion;
Converse with those who know the Truth.

hamiše peyrow-e torâ o din bâš
degar ham sohbat-e ahl-e yaqin bâš


گلابی

گلابی • (golâbi) (plural گلابیها (golâbi-hâ))

desc

→ Kermanic: golābī, golōwī, gülüvī, golōvī

→ Swahili: gulabi

→ Talysh: گلابی (golâbi), گلاوی (golâvi)

Unknown; possibly cognate with Pashto وېروه (werwa, “pear”), perhaps from Proto-Iranian *wr̥bíš, ultimately of origin.

fa:صورتی fa:گلابی


جنگل

head

جَنْگَل • (jangal) (plural جنگلها (jangal-hâ))

جَنْگَل (canonical)
jangal (romanization)
جنگلها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: cəngəl

→ Armenian: ժանգալ (žangal) (probably)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جنگل (cengel)

Turkish: cengel

→ Bulgarian: ге́нгер (génger)

→ Kyrgyz: жаңгел (jaŋgel)

[d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl̥]

[d͡ʒæŋ.ɡʲǽl̥]

Borrowed from Hindi जंगल (jaṅgal)/Urdu, from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid, sterile, desert”).


حفظ

preservation; maintenance; conservation; upholding


زمین

head

زَمین • (zamin) (plural زمینها (zamin-hâ))

زَمین (canonical)
zamin (romanization)
زمینها (plural)

From earlier زمی (zamī), from Middle Persian zmyk' (zamīg, “earth”), from Proto-Iranian *jáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm.
Indo-Iranian cognates include: Northern Kurdish zevî, Northern Luri زمی (zemi), Avestan 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊), Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa)


مشتری

مشتری • (moštari) (plural مشتریها (moštari-hâ) or مشتریان (moštariyân))

moštari (romanization)
مشتریها (plural)
مشتریان (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُشْتَرٍ (muštarin).

bor+

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[moʃ.t̪ʰæ.ɹíː]


آناکوندا

head

آناکوندا • (ânâkondâ)

fa-noun

آناکوندا • (ânâkondâ)

[ʔɒː.nɒː.kʰon̪.d̪ɒ́ː]


جزیره

head

جزیره • (jazire) (plural جزائر (jazâ'er) or جزیرهها (jazire-hâ))

jazire (romanization)
جزائر (plural)
جزیرهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जज़ीरा (jazīrā)

Urdu: جَزِیرَہ (jazīra)

Borrowed from Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra). Displaced native گنگ (gang), خوست (xast), آبخوست (âb-xast).


گلیم

گلیم • (gelim) (plural گلیمها (gelim-hâ))

→ Bashkir: келәм (keləm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गिलीम (gilīm)

Urdu: گلیم (gilīm)

→ Kazakh: кілем (kılem)

→ Khalaj: gelîm

→ Kyrgyz: килем (kilem)

→ Uzbek: gilam

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلیم (kilim, “carpet, rug”)
Turkish: kilim
→ Albanian: qilim, qylym
→ Armenian: քիլիմ (kʻilim)
→ Arabic: كِلِيم (kilīm)
→ Belarusian: кілі́м (kilím)
→ Lithuanian: kilimas
→ Bulgarian: кили́м (kilím)
→ Greek: κιλίμι (kilími)
→ Macedonian: ќилим (ḱilim)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: килим (kilim)
→ Romanian: chilim
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћѝлим
Latin script: ćìlim
→ Ukrainian: ки́лим (kýlym)

Akin to Aramaic גלימא (galīmā, “blanket, garment, cloth”), both from Ancient Greek κάλυμμα (kálumma, “cover, top, covering”) derived from καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”).

der

a rug or carpet made out of coarse material, kilim


تابستان

head

تابستان • (tâbestân) (plural تابستانها (tâbestân-hâ))

tâbestân (romanization)
تابستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: તાબિસ્તાન (tābistān)

[t̪ʰɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

Fa-تابستان.ogg

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭲𐭠𐭯𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭭 (tʾpstʾn /tābestān/). By surface analysis, تاب (tâb, “heat”) + ـستان (estân).


دقیقه

head

دَقیقِه • (daqiqe) (plural دقائق (daqâ'eq) or دقیقهها (daqiqe-hâ))

دَقیقِه (canonical)
daqiqe (romanization)
دقائق (plural)
دقیقهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दक़ीक़ा (daqīqā)

Urdu: دَقِیقَہ (daqīqa)

[d̪æ.ʁiː.ʁé]

[d̪æ.ʁiː.ʁé]


ثانیه

ثانیه • (sâniye) (plural ثانیهها (sâniye-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सानिया (sāniyā)

Urdu: ثانیہ (sāniyā)

یک دقیقه شصت ثانیه دارد.


ایرانی

ایرانی • (irâni) (plural ایرانیان (irâniyân) or ایرانیها (irâni-hâ))

irâni (romanization)
ایرانیان (plural)
ایرانیها (plural)

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɔː.ní]

[ʔiː.ɹɒː.níː]

چندتا ایرانی انگلستان زندگی میکنند؟

čand-tâ irâni engelestân zendegi mi-konand?


ساعت

ساعَت • (sâ'at) (plural ساعتها (sâ'at-hâ) or ساعات (sâ'ât))

ساعَت (canonical)
sâ'at (romanization)
ساعتها (plural)
ساعات (plural)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܵܥܲܬ (sāʿat)

→ Azerbaijani: saat

→ Bashkir: сәғәт (səğət)

→ Kazakh: сағат (sağat), сәт (sät)

→ Chagatai: ساعت

Uyghur: سائەت (sa'et)

Uzbek: soat

→ Chuvash: сехет (seh̬et)

desctree

→ Georgian: საათი (saati)
→ Bats: საათ (saat)

→ Kazakh: сағат (sağat)

→ Northern Kurdish: seet

→ Kyrgyz: саат (saat)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ساعت

Turkish: saat

→ Albanian: sahat

→ Macedonian: са́ат (sáat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: са̑т/sȃt

→ Tatar: сәгать (sägat’)

→ Turkmen: sagat, сагат

دو ساعت

نیم ساعت

ساعتِ دو

ساعت چند است؟ — ساعت یک است. (literary)
sâ'at čand ast? — sâ'at yek ast.

ساعت چنده؟ — ساعت یکه. (colloquial)
sâ'at čand-e? — sâ'at yek-e.
What time is it? — It's one o'clock.

چه ساعتی شام بخوریم؟

نیم ساعتی استراحت کردیم.

روز حرب چون چشم بر لشکر خصم افگنی و هر دو لشکر روی بیکدیگر نهند خندهناک باش و با لشکر خویش همی گوی که چه سگان باشند اینها؟ یک ساعت دمار ازیشان برآوریم.

When your eyes fall upon the enemy army on the day of battle and both armies face each other, be humorous and keep saying to your own army, "What kind of dogs are these? We'll take care of them in just an hour."

rōz-i harb čūn čašm bar laškar-i xasm afganī u har du laškar rōy ba yakdīgar nahand xanda-nāk bāš u bā laškar-i xwēš hamē gūy ki či sagān bāšand īnhā? yak sā'at damār az ēšān bar-awārēm.

ساعتش را تعمیر کردم.


هفته

head

هَفْتِه • (hafte) (plural هفتهها (hafte-hâ))

هَفْتِه (canonical)
hafte (romanization)
هفتهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: həftə

→ Bengali: হপ্তা (hopta)

→ Gujarati: હપતો (hapto)

→ Kazakh: апта (apta)

→ Kyrgyz: апта (apta)

→ Turkish: hafta

→ Laz: ხაჶთა (xafta)

→ Marathi: हप्ता (haptā)

→ Nepali: हप्ता (haptā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हफ़्ता (haftā), हफ्ता (haphtā)

desctree

Urdu: ہَفْتَہ (hafta)
→ Ushojo: ہفتہ (haftah)
→ Wakhi: ہفتہ (haftah)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਫ਼ਤਾ (haftā)

Shahmukhi script: ہفتہ (hafta)

→ Rohingya: háfta

→ Uyghur: ھەپتە (hepte)

→ Uzbek: hafta

→ Turkmen: hepde

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá
Proto-Iranian *haptá
Middle Persian hp̄t'
Persian هَفْت
Proto-Iranian *-a-
Proto-Iranian *-kah
Proto-Iranian *-akah
Persian ـه
Persian هَفْتِه
From هفت (haft, “seven”) + ـه (-e). Akin to Sanskrit सप्ताह (saptāha).

etymon

هَفْتِه


کی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kad /kay/, “legendary ancient king of Iran”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 (kauui, “poet, bard; vision-poet, Mazdean sacrificer”), from Proto-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-. The visionary poets of the Avesta were mistakenly interpreted as ancient kings by the Sasanian Zoroastrian priests.

der

(Iranian mythology) Key, Kay: the title of a number of legendary kings of Iran, belonging to the mythical Kayanian dynasty.


قرمه سبزی

قرمه سبزی با پلو ― qorme sabzi bâ polow ― ghormeh sabzi with pilaf

ghormeh sabzi, an Iranian green herb stew

fa:قرمه سبزی


مادربزرگ

[mɑː.d̪äɾ bʊ.zʊɾɡ]

[mɑː.d̪äɾ bʊ.zʊɾɡ]

[mɑː.d̪äɾ bʊ.zʊɾɡ]


اثاث

head

اثاث • (asâs)

fa-noun

اثاث • (asâs)


پدربزرگ

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.bʊ.zʊɾɡ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.bʊ.zʊɾɡ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.bʊ.zʊɾɡ]


کوکو

Persian-style egg dish, somewhat comparable to Italian frittata or French quiche.


زانو

From Proto-Iranian *jā́nu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́nu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognate with Mazanderani زندی (zendi), Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu), Latin genū, English knee.


کوه

→ Hindi: कोह (koh)

→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh) / कॏह (kôh)

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਹ (koh)

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭥𐭯 (kōf, “hill, mountain”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (kaufa, “mountain”).


آبی

From آب (“water”) + ـی (“adjectival suffix”).


پلو

پِلَاوْ (pilāw):

→ Azerbaijani: plov

→ Bashkir: былау (bılaw)

→? Gujarati: પલાવ (palāv)

→ Kazakh: палау (palau)

→ Uzbek: palov

→ Uyghur: پولۇ (polu)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلاو (pilav) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: পোলাও (pōlaō)

→ Georgian: ფლავი (plavi)

From earlier Classical Persian پِلَاوْ (pilāw) / پَلَاوْ (palāw), borrowed from Hindustani पुलाव (pulāv) / پُلاؤ (pulāv), from Sanskrit पुलाक (pulāka, “lump of boiled rice”).
The term is said to be of Dravidian origin; compare Kannada ಪುೞ್ಗಿ (puḻgi, “a rice dish”), Malayalam പുഴുങ്ങുക (puḻuṅṅuka, “to be boiling”), Tamil புழுக்கல் (puḻukkal, “cooked rice”), and Telugu పులగము (pulagamu, “a dish made with rice and lentils”).
Compare पुलाक (pulāka)'s inhertied descendant Punjabi ਪੁਲਾਉ／پُلاؤ (pulāu).

cog

ਪੁਲਾਉ//پُلاؤ

pilaf (a dish of boiled rice then steamed with other ingredients)


عمو

'amu (romanization)
عموها (plural)
عمو (singular)
'amú (singular)
عموها (plural)
'amu-hấ (plural)
عموا (colloquial plural)
'amuấ (plural)
عمو را (definite direct-object singular)
'amú râ (definite direct-object singular)
عمو رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
'amú ro (definite direct-object singular)
عموها را (definite direct-object plural)
'amu-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
عموا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
'amuấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
عموی (ezafe singular)
'amú-ye (ezafe singular)
عموهای (ezafe plural)
'amu-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عموای (colloquial ezafe plural)
'amuấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عمویی (definite relative singular)
عمویی (indefinite singular stressed)
'amúi (definite relative singular)
'amúi (indefinite singular stressed)
عموهایی (definite plural relative)
عموهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
'amu-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
'amu-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
عموایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
عموایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
'amuấ-i (definite plural relative)
'amuấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
عمویم (first-person possessive singular)
'amúyam (first-person possessive singular)
عموم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
'amúm (first-person possessive singular)
عموهایم (first-person possessive singular)
'amu-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
عموهام، عموام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
'amuấm (first-person possessive singular)
عمویت (possessive second-person singular)
'amúyat (possessive second-person singular)
عموت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amút (possessive second-person singular)
عموهایت (possessive second-person singular)
'amu-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
عموهات، عموات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amuất (possessive second-person singular)
عمویش (possessive singular third-person)
'amúyaš (possessive singular third-person)
عموش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amúš (possessive singular third-person)
عموهایش (possessive singular third-person)
'amu-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
عموهاش، عمواش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amuấš (possessive singular third-person)
عمویمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amúyemân (first-person plural possessive)
عمومون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amúmun (first-person plural possessive)
عموهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amu-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
عموهامون، عموامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amuấmun (first-person plural possessive)
عمویتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amúyetân (plural possessive second-person)
عموتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amútun (plural possessive second-person)
عموهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amu-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
عموهاتون، عمواتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amuấtun (plural possessive second-person)
عمویشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amúyešân (plural possessive third-person)
عموشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amúšun (plural possessive third-person)
عموهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amu-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
عموهاشون، عمواشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amuấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Khalaj: amı


خورشید

head

خورشید • (xoršid)

fa-noun

خورشید • (xoršid)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: ख़्वुरशेद (xvurśed), ख़ुर्शीद (xurśīd)

Urdu: خورشید (xurśid)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭫(𐭧)𐭱𐭩𐭲 (xwar(x)šēd, “sun”), from Proto-Iranian *huHarxšaytah. Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆-𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀- (huuarə-xšaēta-, “bright sun (an epithet)”).
The first part is cognate with خراسان (xorâsân), the name of a province in eastern Iran (since the sun rises in the east), and the second part (equivalent to شید (“bright”) in modern Persian) with Old Armenian աշխէտ (ašxēt).

cog

𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀

𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆-𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀-


مژه

head

مژه • (može) (plural مژهها (može-hâ) or مژگان (možgân))

može (romanization)
مژهها (plural)
مژگان (plural)

→ Khalaj: muja

From Proto-Iranian *maiĵ- (“to blink, wink”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayš- (“to blink, wink”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyg⁽ʷ⁾ʰ- (“to blink, cover (the eyes)”). Cognate with Sanskrit मिष् (miṣ, “to wink”), Lithuanian miẽgas (“sleep”), Proto-Slavic *měžiti (“to close one's eyes”). Alternatively, from موی (muy, “hair”) + ـژه (že, “diminutive suffix”). Akin to Sogdian [script needed] (miža, muža), and Mazanderani میجیک (mijik).


کباب

head

کباب • (kabâb) (plural کبابها (kabâb-hâ))

→ Bengali: কাবাব (kabab), কবাব (kobab)

→ Chagatai: کباب (kabāb)

Uyghur: كاۋاپ (kawap)

Uzbek: kabob

→ Gujarati: કબાબ (kabāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कबाब (kabāb)

Urdu: کباب (kabāb)

→ Kazakh: кәуап (käuap), кәуәп (käuäp)

→ Kyrgyz: кебеп (kebep)

→ Marathi: कबाब (kabāb)

→ Pashto: کباب (kabãb)

→ Punjabi: ਕਬਾਬ (kabāb)

→ Sarikoli: kabub

→ Tatar: кәбаб (käbab)

→ Yazghulami: kabób

[kʰʲæ.bɒːb̥]

جگرم کباب شد.
jegar-am kabâb šod.
I felt terribly sad.
(literally, “My liver became kebab.”)

لب و دندانْت را حقوق نمک
هست بر جان و سینههایِ کباب

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 13”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Your lips and teeth owe rights of salt
To the soul and chests of [our] sizzling hearts.

lab u dandân-t râ huqûq-i namak
hast bar jân u sîna-hâ-yi kabâb

(figurative) heart burning with emotion; heart being "roasted" with yearning or grief


مرگ

From Proto-Iranian *marka-, from Proto-Iranian *marč- (“to destroy, damage”), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”) and Proto-Indo-European *melkʷ- (“to damage”). Compare with Northern Kurdish merg, Pashto مرګ (marg), Ossetian марг (marg, “poison”), and Ancient Greek βλάπτω (bláptō, “to disable, harm”).


ماهی

head

ماهی • (mâhi) (plural ماهیان (mâhiyân) or ماهیها (mâhi-hâ))

mâhi (romanization)
ماهیان (plural)
ماهیها (plural)

→ Gujarati: માહી (māhī)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾhyk' /māhīg/), from Proto-Iranian *mácyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Sanskrit मत्स्य (mátsya).


بازو

head

بازو • (bâzu) (plural بازوها (bâzu-hâ) or بازوان (bâzovân))

bâzu (romanization)
بازوها (plural)
بازوان (plural)

→ Bengali: বাজু (baju)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बाज़ू (bāzū)

Urdu: بازو (bāzo)

→ Kannada: ಬಾಜು (bāju)

→ Malay: baju (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: pazu

From Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (bāzu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬰𐬬𐬋 (bāzvō), Khotanese bāysū, Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu) and Ancient Greek πῆχυς (pêkhus, “forearm”). Also akin to Old Armenian բազուկ (bazuk), an Iranian borrowing.


پدر

پِدَر • (pedar) (plural پدران (pedarân) or پدرها (pedar-hâ))

پِدَر (canonical)
pedar (romanization)
پدران (plural)
پدرها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पिदर (pidar)

Urdu: پدر (pidar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پدر

Turkish: peder

From Middle Persian 𐭓𐭐𐭃 (pidar), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (pitā), from Proto-Iranian *pHtā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (compare Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ), Hindi पिता (pitā), बाप (bāp)), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


فرزند

فَرزَند • (farzand) (plural فَرزَندان or فَرزَندها)

فَرزَند (canonical)
farzand (romanization)
فَرزَندان (plural)
فَرزَندها (plural)

→ Bengali: ফরজন্দ (phorjondo)

→ Gujarati: ફરજંદ (pharjand)

→ Kazakh: перзент (perzent)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ੰਦ (farzand)

Shahmukhi script: فرزند (farzand)

→ Urdu: فرزند (farzand)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (prznd /frazand/, “child, son”) (Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (frzynd, przynd)), from Proto-Iranian *frazanti-, from Proto-Iranian *fra- (“forward, pro-”) + a root descended from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth”).

inh

چندتا فرزند در این خانواده وجود دارد؟

čandta farzand dar in xânevâde vojud dârad?


کار

→ Azerbaijani: kar

→ Baharna Arabic: كار (kār)

→ Gulf Arabic: كار (kār, “hard-worker”)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कार (kār)

Urdu: کار (kār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كار (kâr)
Turkish: kâr
→ Armenian: քյար (kʻyar)
→ Bulgarian: кяр (kjar)
→ Macedonian: ќар (ḱar)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ćȃr/ћа̑р
→ Crimean Tatar: kâr

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”). Ultimately a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”). Related to کردن (kardan), پیکر (peykar), پیکار (peykār) etc. Cognates include Sanskrit -कार (-kāra) and Armenian կար- (kar-) (to be able to).

der

دنبال یک کار تازه میگردم.


مهتاب

head

مهتاب • (mahtâb)

fa-noun

مهتاب • (mahtâb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مهتاب

Turkish: mehtap

[mäɦ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[mäɦ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

[mɔː.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]

[mæɦ.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]

[mäɦ.t̪ʰɔ́b]

Nima Yooshij "Mi-tarâvad Mahtâb"
میترواد مهتاب
میدرخشد شبتاب
نیست یکدَم شکند خواب به چشمِ کَس و لیک
غم این خفتهٔ چند
خواب در چشمِ تَرَم میشکند.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


سبزی

head

سبزی • (sabzi) (plural سبزیجات (sabzijât) or سبزیها (sabzi-hâ))

sabzi (romanization)
سبزیجات (plural)
سبزیها (plural)

→ Bengali: সবজি (śoboji)

→ Gujarati: સબજી (sabjī)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: सब्ज़ी (sabzī)

→ Urdu: سَبْزِی (sabzī)

→ Odia: ସବୁଜି (sabuji)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਸਬਜ਼ੀ (sabzī)

→ Shahmukhi script: سَبْزِی (sabzī)

vegetable, herb, greens (fleshy or leafy edible plant with a savoury taste)


انگشت

اَنگُشت • (angošt) (plural اَنگُشتها (angošt-hâ) or اَنگُشتان (angoštân))

اَنگُشت (canonical)
angošt (romanization)
اَنگُشتها (plural)
اَنگُشتان (plural)
انگشت (singular)
angošt (singular)
انگشتان، انگشتها (plural)
angoštấn, angošt-hấ (plural)
انگشتا (colloquial plural)
angoštấ (plural)
انگشت را (definite direct-object singular)
angošt râ (definite direct-object singular)
انگشت رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
angošto (definite direct-object singular)
انگشتان را، انگشتها را (definite direct-object plural)
angoštấn râ, angošt-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
انگشتا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
angoštấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
انگشت (ezafe singular)
angošt-e (ezafe singular)
انگشتان، انگشتهای (ezafe plural)
angoštấn-e, angošt-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
انگشتای (colloquial ezafe plural)
angoštấ-ye (ezafe plural)
انگشتی (definite relative singular)
انگشتی (indefinite singular stressed)
angošt-i (definite relative singular)
angošt-i (indefinite singular stressed)
انگشتانی، انگشتهایی (definite plural relative)
انگشتانی، انگشتهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
angoštấn-i, angošt-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
angoštấn-i, angošt-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
انگشتایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
انگشتایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
angoštấi (definite plural relative)
angoštấi (indefinite plural stressed)
انگشتم (first-person possessive singular)
angoštam (first-person possessive singular)
انگشتهایم (first-person possessive singular)
angošt-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
انگشتهام، انگشتام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
angoštấm (first-person possessive singular)
انگشتت (possessive second-person singular)
angoštat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
angoštet (possessive second-person singular)
انگشتهایت (possessive second-person singular)
angošt-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
انگشتهات، انگشتات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
angoštất (possessive second-person singular)
انگشتش (possessive singular third-person)
angoštaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
angošteš (possessive singular third-person)
انگشتهایش (possessive singular third-person)
angošt-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
انگشتهاش، انگشتاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
angoštấš (possessive singular third-person)
انگشتمان (first-person plural possessive)
angoštemân (first-person plural possessive)
انگشتمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
angoštemun (first-person plural possessive)
انگشتهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
angošt-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
انگشتهامون، انگشتامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
angoštấmun (first-person plural possessive)
انگشتتان (plural possessive second-person)
angoštetân (plural possessive second-person)
انگشتتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
angoštetun (plural possessive second-person)
انگشتهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
angošt-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
انگشتهاتون، انگشتاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
angoštấtun (plural possessive second-person)
انگشتشان (plural possessive third-person)
angoštešân (plural possessive third-person)
انگشتشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
angoštešun (plural possessive third-person)
انگشتهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
angošt-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
انگشتهاشون، انگشتاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
angoštấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Gujarati: અંગુશ્ત (aṅguśt)

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]

Inherited from Middle Persian ʾngwst', from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“joint”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (aṇgušta) and Sanskrit अङ्गुष्ठ (aṅguṣṭha, “thumb, big toe”).

cog

لیک در ظلمت یکی دزدی نهان / مینهد انگشت بر استارگان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 385:

But in the darkness a hidden thief is laying his finger upon the stars.

lik dar zolmat yeki dozd-i nehân / mi-nehad angošt bar estâregân

digit; (especially) the Persian digit of about 2 cm


انگشت

head

انگشت • (angešt)

fa-noun

انگشت • (angešt)

[æŋˈɡʲeʃt̪ʰ]

[ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]

[ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]

[ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]

[ʔæŋ.ɡʲéʃt̪]

From Proto-Iranian *angišta-, from Proto-Iranian *Hángārah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”).


بچه

head

بَچه or بَچّه • (bače or bačče) (plural بچگان (bačegân) or بچهها (bače-hâ))

بَچه (canonical)
بَچّه (canonical)
bače (romanization)
bačče (romanization)
بچگان (plural)
بچهها (plural)
بچه (singular)
bačé (singular)
بچهها (plural)
bače-hấ (plural)
بچها (colloquial plural)
bačeấ (plural)
بچه را (definite direct-object singular)
bačé râ (definite direct-object singular)
بچه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bačá ro (definite direct-object singular)
بچهها را (definite direct-object plural)
bače-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بچها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bačeấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بچهٔ (ezafe singular)
bačé-ye (ezafe singular)
بچههای (ezafe plural)
bače-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بچهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bačeấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بچهای (definite relative singular)
بچهای (indefinite singular stressed)
bačé-i (definite relative singular)
bačé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
بچههایی (definite plural relative)
بچههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bače-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
bače-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
بچهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بچهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bačeấ-yi (definite plural relative)
bačeấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
بچهام (first-person possessive singular)
bačé-am (first-person possessive singular)
بچم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
bačám (first-person possessive singular)
بچههایم (first-person possessive singular)
bače-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
بچههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
bačeấm (first-person possessive singular)
بچهات (possessive second-person singular)
bačé-at (possessive second-person singular)
بچت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bačát (possessive second-person singular)
بچههایت (possessive second-person singular)
bače-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
بچههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bačeất (possessive second-person singular)
بچهاش (possessive singular third-person)
bačé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
بچش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bačáš (possessive singular third-person)
بچههایش (possessive singular third-person)
bače-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
بچههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bačeấš (possessive singular third-person)
بچهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(bačé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
بچهمون، بچمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bačámun (first-person plural possessive)
بچههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
bače-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
بچههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bačeấmun (first-person plural possessive)
بچهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(bačé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
بچهتون، بچتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bačátun (plural possessive second-person)
بچههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
bače-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
بچههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bačeấtun (plural possessive second-person)
بچهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(bačé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
بچهشون، بچشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bačášun (plural possessive third-person)
بچههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
bače-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
بچههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bačeấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Khalaj: bəççə

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

From Middle Persian wck' (wačag, “child, baby, cub”), from Proto-Iranian *wacáh (“calf”).

inh

بَچهِ اِصفَهانَم


سنگ

Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲛϭ (basnc)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: संग (saṅg)

Urdu: سنگ (saṅg)

Ottoman Turkish: سنگ (seng)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਗ (saṅg)

Shahmukhi script: سنگ (saṅg)

From Middle Persian KYPA / sng (sang, “stone, rock”).


سنگ

Deverbal noun of سنجیدن (sanjidan) or سختن (saxtan, “to weigh, compare”).


آتش

Tajik: оташ (otaš)

→ Bengali: আতশ (ātôş)

→ Gujarati: આતશ (atiş)

→ Northern Kurdish: atêş, ateş

→ Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

→ Kyrgyz: аташ (ataş)

→ Azerbaijani: atəş

→ Old Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آتش (ateş)
Turkish: ateş

→ Turkmen: ataş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आतिश (ātiś)

Urdu: آتش (ātiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਤਸ਼ (ātaś)

Shahmukhi script: آتش (ātaś)

→ Uzbek: otash

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰéːʃ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰíːʃ]

From Middle Persian ʾthš (ātaxš, “fire”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”) for its special meaning in Zoroastrianism and well preserved unlike the other word آذر (âzar, “fire”). Doublet of آذر. Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for further information.


ستاره

head

سِتارِه • (setâre) (plural ستارگان (setâregân) or ستارهها (setâre-hâ))

سِتارِه (canonical)
setâre (romanization)
ستارگان (plural)
ستارهها (plural)

desc

→ Bengali: সিতারা (śitara), সেতার (śetar)

→ Gujarati: સિતારો (sitāro)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सितारा (sitārā)

→ Marathi: सितारा (sitārā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ستاره (sitare)
Turkish: sitare

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਤਾਰਾ (sitārā)

Shahmukhi script: ستارہ (stārh)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (stʾlk' /stārag/), [script needed] (stl /star/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎼 (star-), from Proto-Iranian *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.
Cognate with English star.

inh

دیگر ستارگان را حتی هیچ اعتماد نیست. شاید ستارهها شبگردهای دشمن ما باشند.

1985, قیصر امینپور [Qeysar Aminpour], “شعری برای جنگ”, in تنفس صبح:

Even the stars are no longer reliable. Perhaps the stars are our enemy's night patrols.

digar setâregân-râ hattâ hič e'temâd nist. šâyad setâre--hâ šabgard-hâ-ye došman-e mâ bâšand.

بس ستارهی آتش از آهن جهید، و ان دل سوزیده پذرفت و کشید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 384:

Many a spark of fire shot forth from the iron, and that burning heart received and drew [them] in.

bas setâre-ye âtaš az âhan jahid, v-ân del-e suzide pazroft o kašid


سیم کارت

head

سیم کارت • (sim kârt)

fa-noun

سیم کارت • (sim kârt)


بهائی

head

بهائی • (bahâ'i)

fa-noun

بهائی • (bahâ'i)

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bæ.ɦɒː.ʔiː]

Baháʼí Baháʼí


همجنس‌باز

head

همجنسباز • (hamjens-bâz) (plural همجنسبازان (hamjens-bâzân) or همجنسبازها (hamjens-bâz-hâ))

همجنسباز (canonical)
hamjens-bâz (romanization)
همجنسبازان (plural)
همجنسبازها (plural)


اسب آبی

[ˈäs.bɪ ʔɑː.bíː]

[ˈäs.bɪ ʔɑː.bíː]

[ˈäs.bɪ ʔɑː.bíː]

Literally, “water horse”, from اسب (asb, “horse”) and آبی (âbi, “water”).


گردو

گردو • (gerdu) (plural گردوها (gerdu-hâ))

گردو شکستن


سماور

From Russian самова́р (samovár), literally “self-boiler”; from само́ (samó) “self” + вари́ть (varítʹ) “to boil” or “to cook”.


بانک

بانْک • (bânk) (plural بانکها (bânk-hâ))

بانْک (canonical)
bânk (romanization)
بانکها (plural)

→ Georgian: ბანკი (banḳi)

→ Ossetian: банк (bank)

→ Pashto: بانک (bānk)


همسر

هَمسَر • (hamsar) (plural همسران (hamsarân))

هَمسَر (canonical)
hamsar (romanization)
همسران (plural)


ته‌دیگ

تهدیگ (canonical)
tah-dig (romanization)
tah-dêg (romanization)

→ Urdu: تہ دیگ (tah deg)

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰɑː.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰɔː.d̪eːɡ̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.d̪iːɡʲ̥]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eɡ]

From Classical Persian ته (tah) + دیگ (dēg).


بلبل

→ Azerbaijani: bülbül

→ Baluchi: بلبل

→ Bashkir: былбыл (bılbıl)

→ Bengali: বুলবুল (bulbul)

→ Burushaski: bulbul

→ Georgian: ბულბული (bulbuli)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बुलबुल (bulbul)

Urdu: بلبل (bulbul)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: բլբուլ (blbul), պլպուլ (plpul)

→ Armenian: բլբուլ (blbul)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بلبل (bülbül)
Turkish: bülbül
→ Albanian: bilbil
→ Greek: μπιρμπίλι (birmpíli)
→ Ladino: bilbil
→ Northern Kurdish: bilbil
→ Serbo-Croatian: bulbul

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੁਲਬੁਲ (bulbul)

Shahmukhi script: بلبل (bulbul)

From Proto-Indo-European *bal-bal- (“babbling, unclear speech”), or from Arabic بُلْبُل (bulbul).


یک

→ Azerbaijani: yek

→ Chagatai: یَک

Uyghur: يەك (yek)

Uzbek: yak

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यक (yak)

Urdu: یَک (yak)

→ Ottoman Turkish: یَك (yek)

Turkish: yek

→ Punjabi: یَک (yak)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾywk'), 𐫏𐫐 (yk /ēwak/), from Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾy /ē/), 𐭧𐭣 (HD), 𐫙𐫏𐫇 (ʿyw /ēw/), from Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos.
Indo-European cognates include Bactrian ιωγο (iōgo), Sanskrit एक (eka), Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), German ein, French un, English one, Latin ūnus, etc..


آش

→ Gulf Arabic: آش (āš)

→ English: aush, aash, āsh, ash, āshe, ashe, osh

Perhaps from a Turkic language, see Common Turkic *aš, however there seems to be an unexplained mismatch in vowel length.
Compare Azerbaijani aş, Bashkir аш (aş), Yakut ас (as).
Alternatively, inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/āš/), a hapax legomenon found in the Vendidad, although this word is claimed to be misread.
Connections with Sanskrit आश (āśa, “food”) are also sometimes proposed, but the correspondance would not be regular.


بینی

→ Gujarati: બીની (bīnī)

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭩𐭭𐭩𐭪 (wēnīg), traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) and related to بین (bīn, form of دیدن (dīdan)).
However, Gershevitch rejects this etymology, transcribing the Middle Persian term as wīnīg instead, and deriving it from Proto-Iranian *wí (“apart”) + an Iranian formation descended from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”). The prefix is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wí, from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart”).


گلدان

head

گلدان • (goldân) (plural گلدانها (goldân-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: güldan

→ Gujarati: ગુલદાન (guldān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲਦਾਨ (guldān)

Shahmukhi script: گلدان (guldān)

→ Urdu: گلدان (guldān)

[ɡʊl̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊl̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊl̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ɡ̥ol̪.d̪ɒ́ːn]

From گل (gol, “flower”) + ـدان (-dân, “holder, container”).

af

میگفتی بی تو هیچم، با من بمون همیشه
نباشی من میمیرم، گل بی گلدون نمیشه

1970, “گل بی گلدون”, performed by Googoosh:

You were telling me I'm nothing without you, stay with me forever
If you're not there I'll die, a flower cannot grow without a flowerpot

migofti bi to hičam, bâ man bemun hamiše
nabâši man mimiram, gol bi goldun nemiše


چین

Perhaps lexicalization of the stem چیدن (čidan, “to gather up, to fold, to be put closer together”). Cognate with Khotanese tcāna-, meaning "wrinkle."


کلاس

head

کلاس • (kelâs) (plural کلاسها (kelâs-hâ))

kelâs (romanization)
کلاسها (plural)
کلاسم (first-person possessive singular)
kelâsam (first-person possessive singular)
کلاسهایم (first-person possessive singular)
kelâs-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
کلاسهام، کلاسام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
kelâsấm (first-person possessive singular)
کلاست (possessive second-person singular)
kelâsat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kelâset (possessive second-person singular)
کلاسهایت (possessive second-person singular)
kelâs-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
کلاسهات، کلاسات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
kelâsất (possessive second-person singular)
کلاسش (possessive singular third-person)
kelâsaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kelâseš (possessive singular third-person)
کلاسهایش (possessive singular third-person)
kelâs-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
کلاسهاش، کلاساش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
kelâsấš (possessive singular third-person)
کلاسمان (first-person plural possessive)
kelâsemân (first-person plural possessive)
کلاسمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kelâsemun (first-person plural possessive)
کلاسهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
kelâs-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
کلاسهامون، کلاسامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
kelâsấmun (first-person plural possessive)
کلاستان (plural possessive second-person)
kelâsetân (plural possessive second-person)
کلاستون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kelâsetun (plural possessive second-person)
کلاسهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
kelâs-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
کلاسهاتون، کلاساتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
kelâsấtun (plural possessive second-person)
کلاسشان (plural possessive third-person)
kelâsešân (plural possessive third-person)
کلاسشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kelâsešun (plural possessive third-person)
کلاسهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
kelâs-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
کلاسهاشون، کلاساشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
kelâsấšun (plural possessive third-person)


طناب

طناب • (tanâb)

fa-noun

طناب • (tanâb)

→ Turkmen: tanap

→ Khalaj: tanâb

Borrowed from Arabic أطناب. Majorly displaced native رَسَن (rasan) and اَرویس (arvês) (from Middle Persian [script needed] (’lwys /arwēs/)).


تا

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾk' /tāg/, “item; unit; single”), already used as a classifier in MP. Doublet of طاق (tâq, “odd (of a number); unique”), which apparently passed through Arabic.

doublet

دیروز ۲۴تا کتاب خریدم.

این ۶تا بهتر از همه هستند.

The generic classifier, used as a counting unit for numbers greater than one. Obligatory in colloquial Persian.


زعفران

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: zəfəran
→ Georgian: ზაფარან (zaparan) — Ingilo

→ Bengali: জাফরান (japhoran)

desc

→ Georgian: ზაფარანი (zaparani) — Fereydan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)

Urdu: زعفران (zāfrān)

→ Sindhi: زعفران

→ Sindhi: زعفران

Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


اسب

head

اسب • (asb) (plural اسبها (asb-hâ) or اسبان (asbân))

asb (romanization)
اسبها (plural)
اسبان (plural)

→ Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

PIE word
 *h1éḱwos
From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).


موسیقی

→ Azerbaijani: musiqi

→ Central Kurdish: مووسیقی (mûsîqî)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: موسیقی (musiki)
Turkish: musiki

→ Pashto: موسيقي (musiqi)

desc

→ Urdu: مُوسِیقِی (mūsīqī)

→ Urdu: مُوسِیقِی (mūsīqī)

Borrowed from Arabic مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā), ultimately from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ).


گلستان

→ Azerbaijani: gülüstan

→ Bengali: গুলিস্তান (gulistan)

→ Gujarati: ગુલિસ્તાન (gulistān)

→ Hindi: गुलिस्तान (gulistān)

→ Karakalpak: gúlistan

→ Kazakh: гүлстан (gülstan)

→ Kyrgyz: гүлстан (gülstan)

→ Turkish: gülistan

→ Urdu: گلستان (gulistān)

→ Uyghur: گۈلىستان (gülistan)

→ Uzbek: guliston

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

غنیمت دان و می خور در گلستان
که گل تا هفتهٔ دیگر نباشد

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 162”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Know the opportunity and drink wine in the rose garden,
For next week, the rose will be no more.

ğanīmat dān u may xwar dar gulistān
ki gul tā hafta-yi dīgar nabāšad


گربه

head

گُرْبِه • (gorbe) (plural گربهها (gorbe-hâ) or گربگان (gorbegân))

گُرْبِه (canonical)
gorbe (romanization)
گربهها (plural)
گربگان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुर्बा (gurbā)

Urdu: گربہ (gurbā)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gwlbk' /gurbag/, “cat”), from Proto-Iranian *wr̥pa-ka-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥pís. Compare Lithuanian vilpišys (“wildcat”), Latin vulpes (“fox”). Perhaps anciently related to روباه (rubâh, “fox”); see there for more.

inh

و آن جا زنان را علتی میافتد به اوقات که چون مصروعی دو سه بار بانگ کنند و باز به هوش آیند و در خراسان شنیده بودم که جزیرهای است که زنان آن جا چون گربگان به فریاد میآیند و آن بر این گونه است که ذکر رفت.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

And there, a disease comes upon women from time to time so that they cry out like an epileptic two or three times, then return to sanity again. And in Khurasan, I had heard that there is an island whose women scream like cats. That is the same sort of thing as what has been mentioned.

w-ān jā zanān rā ilatē mē-uftad ba awqāt ki čōn masrū'ē du si bār bāng kunand u bāz ba hōš āyand u dar xurāsān šunīda būdam ki jazīra'ē ast ki zanān ān jā čōn gurbagān ba faryād mē-āyand u ān bar īn gōna ast ki zikr raft.


مو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwd /mōy/, “hair”), from Proto-Iranian *mauda- (“hair”), of uncertain origin. Probably from a compound of Proto-Iranian *maw- / *mū- (“bind”) (related to Sanskrit मवते (mavate, “bind, tie, fix”), see there for more) + either Proto-Iranian *dō- (“give”) (from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”)) or Proto-Iranian *dʰē- (“to place, put”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”)).

der

دل گرچه در این بادیه بسیار شتافت
یک موی ندانست ولی موی شکافت
اندر دل من هزار خورشید بتافت
آخر به کمال ذرهای راه نیافت
dil garči dar în bâdiya bisyâr šitâft
yak môy nadânist valî môy šikâft
andar dil-i man hazâr xuršêd bitâft

10th/11th century, attributed to Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr and Avicenna, http://ganjoor.net/abusaeed/robaee-aa/sh165/

Although [this] heart hastened in this desert so much,
A hair was not aware, but passed through hairs.
A thousand of suns shined inside my heart
At the end, it did not reach the smallest bit of excellence.


مو

→ Armenian: մով (mov)

→ Azerbaijani: möv, mev, möy

From Proto-Iranian *mádu (“honey, wine”), as wine grapes are famously grown on vines. Compare میوه (mêve, “fruit”), مویز (maviz, meviz, “raisins”). Akin to Judeo-Isfahani [script needed] (mew, “vine”).


بابا

head

بابا • (bâbâ)

fa-noun

بابا • (bâbâ)

→ Khalaj: bâba

Originally from baby talk, see mama and papa.

onomatopoeic

baby talk

fa:نسبتهای خانوادگی

بعد از آن گفتند ای مادر بیا / گور بابا کو تو ما را ره نما

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 1174:

Afterwards they said, "Come, O mother, where is our father's grave? Do thou show us the way."

ba'd az ân goftand ey mâdar biy-â / gur-e bâbâ ku to mâ râ rah namâ


کیف

→ Azerbaijani: kif


کیف

→ Bashkir: кәйеф (kəyef)


برنج

berenj (romanization)
birinj (romanization)

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]


برنج

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blnc /brinǰ/), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫗𐫃 (brynng /bring/, “bronze, brass”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫛𐫓𐫏𐫗𐫝 (plync /plinǰ/). Compare Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj), Old Georgian პილენძი (ṗilenʒi, “copper”), Aghwan 𐕗𐔼𐔾𐔼𐕎𐕕 (ṗilinʒ, “bronze”), Udi пӏилиндж (ṗilinǯ, “copper”), Classical Syriac ܦܠܙܐ (plezzā), Middle Iranian borrowings.


خوک

head

خوک • (xuk) (plural خوکها (xuk-hâ) or خوکان (xukân))

xuk (romanization)
خوکها (plural)
خوکان (plural)

→ Central Kurdish: خووگ (xûg)

→ Gujarati: ખૂક (khūk), ખૂગ (khūg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ूक (xūk)

Urdu: خُوک (xūk)

→ Northern Kurdish: xûg, hûg, xûk

→ Pashto: خوګ (xug)

→ Sarikoli: hɛwg

desc

→ Sanglechi: [script needed] (xūg, “boar”)

→ Wakhi: (/xüg/)

Arabic script: خؤگ

Cyrillic script: хуг (xug)

→ Yagnobi: хуг (xug)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HZWLYA) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwk' /hūg/), from Proto-Iranian *huHkáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *suH-, from Proto-Indo-European *suh₂kéh₂, from *suH-.
Cognate with English hog.

inh

مَن گوشْتِ خوک نِمیخورَم.


دوغ

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (dwwg), from Proto-Iranian *dáwgah. Related to دوختن (duxtan), دوشیدن (dušidan, “to milk”). Also compare Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá).

bor+

doogh, a carbonated or noncarbonated yoghurt drink.


دهان

head

دَهان • (dahân) (plural دَهانها (dahân-hâ))

دَهان (canonical)
dahân (romanization)
دَهانها (plural)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دهان (dehan)

→ Urdu: دَہان (dahān)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (PWME /dahān/, “mouth”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵep- (“mouth, to chew”), and cognate with English jowl. Compare Avestan 𐬂𐬢𐬵𐬁𐬥𐬋 (åŋhānō, “mouth”), genitive form of Avestan 𐬁𐬵 (āh, “mouth”).

der

دهانت را باز کن. (more literary)

دهنت و باز کن. (more colloquial)

طوطی آمد با دهان پر شکر، در لباس فستقی با طوق زر

1177, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “حکایت طوطی [The Parrot's Tale]”, in منطق الطیر [The Conference of the Birds], lines 802—803:

The parrot came with a mouth full of sugar, in pistachio-green robes with a golden collar

tūtī āmad bā dahān pur-šakar, dar libās-i fustuqī bā tawq-i zarr

چون نشیند بهر خور بر روی برگ، در فتد اندر دهان مار و مرگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 4081:

When it [the bird] settles on the leaf for the purpose of eating, it falls into the mouth of the snake and death.

čūn nišīnad bahr-i xwar bar rō-yi barg, dar fatād andār dahān-i mār u marg


سبز

From Middle Persian spz, sbz (sabz, “green, fresh”), of uncertain origin.
Morgenstierne derives the word from an unattested form [script needed] (*sapači-) and connects it, along with Pashto سابه (sābə́, “vegetables, greens”), to Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “garden”).
Henning is skeptical of this, however, and relates the word to Parthian [script needed] (‘spyxt, “radiant, verdant”), deriving both from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)- (“to sprout, bloom, blossom”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”); compare Latin spargō (“to scatter, strew”), Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain god, rain”).
Cheung does not consider Parthian [script needed] (‘spyxt) to be descended from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)-, and instead derives it from Proto-Iranian *spaič / *spaiǰ (“to shine; to bloom”), which appears to be an exclusively Iranian root.


دو

From Middle Persian 𐭲𐭥𐭩𐭭 (tʿyn /dō/), from Proto-Iranian *dwáH, Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.
Indo European cognates include Northern Kurdish du, Pashto دوه (dwa), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 (duua), Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Hindi दो (do)/Urdu دو (do), Punjabi ਦੋ (do), Russian два (dva), Lithuanian du, Greek δύο (dýo), Spanish dos, English two, etc..


دو

head

دو • (dō／do)

fa-noun

دو • (dō／do)

(music) C, Do (the first note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Do (the first note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the tonic)


دو

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


سیاه

head

سیاه • (siyâh)

fa-noun

سیاه • (siyâh)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (sydʾ /syā/, “black”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *cyaHwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Sanskrit श्याव (śyāva), Russian сивый (sivyj, “grey”), Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old English hīew (whence English hue).


گلاب

head

گلاب • (golâb)

fa-noun

گلاب • (golâb)

desctree

→ Arabic: جُلَاب (julāb)
→ Aragonese: julepe
→ Asturian: xulepe
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουλάπιν (zoulápin)
→ English: julep
→ French: julep
→ Russian: щуле́пъ (ščulép), шуле́пъ (šulép, “a kind of gingerbread”)
→ Georgian: ჯულაბი (ǯulabi)
→ Gujarati: જુલાબ (julāb), જુલ્લાબ (jullāb)
→ Italian: giulebbe, giulebbo (archaic)
→ Maltese: ġulepp, ġlepp
→ Middle Armenian: ճուլապ (čulap), ճուլլապ (čullap)
→ Old Catalan: julep
Catalan: julep
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jalepe
→ Portuguese: julepe, julepo
→ Old Spanish: julepe
Spanish: julepe
→ Sicilian: gileppu, cileppu

→ Azerbaijani: gülab

→ Gujarati: ગુલાબ (gulāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाब (gulāb)

Urdu: گُلاب (gulāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲਾਬ (gulāb)

Shahmukhi script: گلاب (gulāb)

desc

гуля́фная вода́

→ Russian: гуля́фная вода́ (guljáfnaja vodá), гуля́ф (guljáf)

→ Thai: กุหลาบ (gù-làap)

→ Uzbek: gulob

[ɡ̥o.lɒ́ːb̥]

From گل (gol, “rose”) + آب (âb, “water”).

عروس بخت در آن حجله با هزاران ناز
شکسته کسمه و بر برگ گل گلاب زده

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 421”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

With a thousandfold coquetry, the bride of fortune in that bridal chamber
Has scattered the curls over her face and spilled rosewater [metaphor for blushing] on the rose leaf [metaphor for the delicate face].

arūs-i baxt dar ān hajla bā hazārān nāz
šikasta kasma u bar barg-i gul gulāb zada


رپ

که درد ورق قلم هدف همش ربط خاصی
 دارن به اوج و رشد و پیشرفت رپ فارسی

ke dard varaq qalam hadaf hamaš rabt-e xâssi
 dâran be owj o rošd o pišraft-e rap-e fârsi


رم

→ Pashto: رم (ram)

Likely from Middle Persian *hram, borrowed from Parthian *hram (“fear, terror”), from Proto-Iranian *θráhma. Doublet of سهم (sahm, “fear”).

(especially of animals, birds) shying, taking off from fright


رم

Borrowed from French rhum or directly from English rum.


رم

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lm /ram/). Compare Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (rm /ram/, “flock”) and Old Armenian երամ (eram, “troop, flock”).


دوستی

[d̪ʊːs.t̪ʰí]


گاو

→ Urdu: گاو (gāv, gāo)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA /gāw/), from Old Persian 𐎥𐎢 (g-u), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.
Cognate to English cow, Urdu گائے (gāe) / Hindi गाय (gāy), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs.

inh

او اگر دیوانه است و فتنهکاو، داروی دیوانه باشد کیر گاو.

c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3500”, in The Masnavi:

If he is mad and bent on mischief, the cure for a madman is an ox-hide whip.

u agar divâne ast o fetne-kâv, dâru-ye divâne bâšad kir-e gâv.

گاو فلکی چو گاو دریا، گوهر بگلو در از ثریا.

1192, Nizami Ganjavi, “Layla and Majnun”, in Khamsa:

the celestial Bull, like the cow of the sea, has on its neck gems, and pearls from the Pleiades.

gâv-e falaki čo gâv-e daryâ, gowhar be-galu dorr az sorayyâ.


ابر

→ Azerbaijani: əbr

→ Bengali: আবর (abor)

→ Hindi: अब्र (abr)

→ Urdu: ابر (abr)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbl), [script needed] (ʾp̄l /abr/, “cloud”), from Proto-Iranian *abráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra), Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra), Latin imber and Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós).

sponge (a piece of porous material used for washing)


جمعه

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुमा (jumā)

desctree

Urdu: جُمْعَہ (jum'a)
→ Phalura: ǰumá
→ Ushojo: جمعہ (jum'āh)

Etymology tree
Arabic جَمَعَ (jamaʕa)
Arabic جُمْعَة (jumʕa)bor.
Persian جمعهBorrowed from Arabic جُمْعَة (jumʕa), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).


موش

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (mwšk' /mušk/, “Mouse, rat”), from Proto-Iranian *múHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *múHs, from Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s. Cognate with English mouse and so a doublet of ماوس (mâus).

inh+

دم موش

موشی

ماوس ماوس#Persian

Synonym of ماوس (mâus, “computer mouse”).


توت

Tajik: тут (tut)
→ Yagnobi: тут (tut)

→ Azerbaijani: tut

→ Bengali: তুঁত (tũt)

→ Bashkir: тут (tut)

→ Gujarati: તૂત (tūt)

→ Kazakh: тұт (tūt)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طوت (tut, dut), توت (tut), دوت (dut)
Turkish: dut
→ Albanian: dudë
→ Aromanian: dudã
→ Bulgarian: дуд (dud)
→ Laz: მდუთა (mduta)
→ Macedonian: дуд (dud)
→ Romanian: dud, dudă
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ду̏д
Latin script: dȕd

→ Pashto: توت (tut)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੂਤ (tūt)

Shahmukhi script: توت (tut)

→ Russian: тут (tut) (via Turkic)

→ Tatar: тут (tut)

→ Ukrainian: тут (tut) (via Turkic)

Related to Kermanic [script needed] (tü), Mazanderani [script needed] (tir), [script needed] (tīr), Khwarezmian [script needed] (twt), Wakhi tыt, tыẟ, Munji tūy, Parachi tī, Waneci [script needed] (tūwa, təwā), Sanskrit तूत (tūta), तूद (tūda), Kashmiri तूल् (tūl), تُل (tul), Odia ତୁଳ (tuḷa) etc., all meaning mulberry. The direction of borrowing between the Iranian and Indo-Aryan words is disputed.
The ultimate origin is unknown.
Found also in Semitic and the languages of the Caucasus, likely borrowed from Iranian: Aramaic תותא / ܬܘܬܐ (tūṯā), Hebrew תּוּת (tūṯ), Neo-Babylonian 𒄑𒌅𒌓𒌈 (/tuttu/), Arabic تُوت (tūt); Old Armenian թութ (tʻutʻ), Georgian თუთა (tuta, “mulberry”).

unk

unknown


تومان

head

تومان • (tumân)

fa-noun

تومان • (tumân)

→ English: toman

Borrowed from Mongolian түмэн (tümen, “ten thousand”).

bor+

(historical) toman, a former unit of currency of Iran

(archaic) a division of ten thousand soldiers


باد

→ Indonesian: bad

→ Pashto: باد (bâd)

→ Urdu: باد (bād)

From Middle Persian wād, from Proto-Iranian *HwáHatah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwáHatas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“wind”).

باد شرق

باد تند

سرو در باد ارتعاش داشت.

با باد و فیس


شاه

desctree

→ Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque, xaque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
Italian: scacco
Old French: eschec
French: échec
→ Catalan: xec
→ Middle Dutch: scaec
Dutch: schaak
→ Danish: skak
→ Middle English: chek, chekke
English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess
→ Middle High German: schāch
German: Schach
→ Russian: шах (šax)
→ Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Luxembourgish: Schach
→ Romanian: șah
→ Swedish: schack
→ Finnish: shakki, šakki
→ Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
→ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
Middle French: eschiquier
French: échiquier
Norman: êchitchi
→ Middle English: escheker, eschecour, eschekker, eschekkere, eschequeer, eschequer, eschequier, esscheker, cheker, checher, chekar, chekere, chekier, chekir, chekker, chekkere, chekkyr, chekyr, chequer, schequer
English: exchequer, Exchequer
English: checker, chequer (checkers, chequers)

→ Azerbaijani: şah

→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)

→ Belarusian: шах (šax)

→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)

→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)

→ Catalan: xa

→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)

→ Danish: shah

→ Dutch: sjah

→ English: shah

→ Estonian: šahh

→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki

→ French: schah, chah, shah

→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)

→ German: schah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ (śāh)

→ Hungarian: sakk

→ Irish: seá

→ Italian: scià

→ Japanese: シャー (shā)

→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)

→ Khalaj: şâh

→ Korean: 샤 (sya)

→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)

→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)

→ Latvian: šahs

→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)

→ Lithuanian: šachas

→ Macedonian: шах (šah)

→ Malay: syah

→ Mongolian: шах (šax)

→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)

Armenian: շահ (šah)

→ Norwegian: sjah

→ Old Norse: skák
Faroese: skák
Icelandic: skák
Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk

desc

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)

Turkish: şah

→ Albanian: shah

→ Hungarian: sah

→ Romanian: șah

→ Pashto: شاه (šāh)

→ Polish: szach

→ Portuguese: xá

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)

Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)

→ Romansch: schah

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah

→ Spanish: sah

→ Swedish: shah

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)

→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)

→ Turkish: şah

→ Turkmen: şah

→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)

→ Uyghur: شاھ (shah)

→ Uzbek: shoh

→ Vietnamese: sa

→ Zazaki: şağ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).

inh

(in compounds) Something that is the biggest or the best of its kind.

10ᵗʰ Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
مگر شاه را نزد ماه آوریم / به نزدیک او پایگاه آوریم
magar šâh râ nazd-e mâh âvarim / be nazdik-e 'u pâygâh âvarim
[... We shall not give up] unless we bring the groom (Zāl) before the Moon (metaphor: Rudāba), / and settle him by her side.

(archaic) bridegroom, son-in-law, or brother-in-law


باغ

head

باغ • (bâğ) (plural باغها (bâğ-hâ) or باغات (bâğât))

bâğ (romanization)
باغها (plural)
باغات (plural)
باغ (singular)
bâğ (singular)
باغها (plural)
bâğ-hấ (plural)
باغا (colloquial plural)
bâğấ (plural)
باغ را (definite direct-object singular)
bâğ râ (definite direct-object singular)
باغ رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bâğo (definite direct-object singular)
باغها را (definite direct-object plural)
bâğ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
باغا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bâğấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
باغ (ezafe singular)
bâğ-e (ezafe singular)
باغهای (ezafe plural)
bâğ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
باغای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bâğấ-ye (ezafe plural)
باغی (definite relative singular)
باغی (indefinite singular stressed)
bâğ-i (definite relative singular)
bâğ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
باغهایی (definite plural relative)
باغهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bâğấn-i, bâğ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
bâğấn-i, bâğ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
باغایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
باغایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bâğấi (definite plural relative)
bâğấi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Armenian: բաղ (baġ)

→ Azerbaijani: bağ

→ Bengali: বাগ (bag)

→ Crimean Tatar: bağ

→ English: bagh

→ Gilaki: باغ (båğ)

→ Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)

→ Gujarati: બાગ (bāg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बाग़ (bāġ)

Urdu: باغ (bāġ)

→ Kazakh: бақ (baq), бау (bau)

→ Khalaj: bâğ

→ Kipchak: باغ (bağ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باغ (bağ)
Turkish: bağ
→ Laz: ბაღი (baği)

→ Pashto: باغ (bâǧ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਗ਼ (bāġ)

Shahmukhi script: باغ (bāġ)

→ Turkmen: bag

→ Uyghur: باغ (bagh)

→ Uzbek: bogʻ

→ Sarikoli: bā̊ɣ

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ), from Old Persian *bāgah (“garden, orchard”), from Proto-Iranian *bāgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

inh

بیتو اگر بسر شدی، زیر جهان زبر شدی – باغ ارم سقر شود، بیتو بسر نمیشود
bi-to agar besar šodi, zir-e jahân zebar šodi – bâğ-e eram saqar šavad, bi-to besar nemi-šavad

1207-73, Rumi, “بیهمگان بسر شود، بیتو بسر نمیشود”, Divan-e Shams

بسا شکسته بیابان که باغ خرم بود – و باغ خرم گشت آن کجا بیابان بود
basâ šekaste biâbân ke bâğ-e xorram bud – va bâğ-e xorram gašt ân kojâ biâbân bud

858-941, Rudaki, “عصا بیار که وقت عصا و انبان بود”


بهار

head

بهار • (bahâr)

fa-noun

بهار • (bahâr)

→ Armenian: բահար (bahar)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܲܗܵܪ (bahār)

→ Azerbaijani: bahar

→ Bengali: বাহার (bahar)

→ Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡄࡀࡓ (bhar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बहार (bahār)

Urdu: بہار (bahār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بهار (bahar), պահար (bahar) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: bahar
→ Armenian: պահար (pahar)
→ Bulgarian: баха́р (bahár)
→ Georgian: ბაჰარი (bahari)
→ Greek: μπαχάρι (bachári)
→ Laz: ბეჲარი (beyari)
→ Macedonian: бахар (bahar)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бѐха̄р
Latin script: bèhār
→ Crimean Tatar: baar

→ Punjabi: ਬਹਾਰ (bahār)

→ Sindhi: بهار (bahāra)

→ Uzbek: bahor

From Middle Persian whʾl (wahār), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼 (v-a-h-r), from Proto-Iranian *wáhār, collective of *wáhr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wásr̥, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”).
Cognate with Mazanderani وهار (vehār), Talysh اوسور (əvəsor), Laki وهار (whar), Zazaki wesar, Central Kurdish بەھار (behar).
Other cognates include Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta), Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Latin ver, Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Church Slavonic весна (vesna), Lithuanian vãsara, Old Norse vár.


برادر

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برادر • (barādar／barâdar or birādar／berâdar) (plural برادران or برادرها)

barādar／barâdar (romanization)
birādar／berâdar (romanization)
برادران (plural)
برادرها (plural)
برادرم (first-person possessive singular)
barâdaram (first-person possessive singular)
برادرانم (first-person possessive singular)
barâdarấnam (first-person possessive singular)
برادرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
barâdarấm (first-person possessive singular)
برادرت (possessive second-person singular)
barâdarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
barâdaret (possessive second-person singular)
برادرانت (possessive second-person singular)
barâdarấnat (possessive second-person singular)
برادرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
barâdarất (possessive second-person singular)
برادرش (possessive singular third-person)
barâdaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
barâdareš (possessive singular third-person)
برادرانش (possessive singular third-person)
barâdarấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
برادراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
barâdarấš (possessive singular third-person)
برادرمان (first-person plural possessive)
barâdaremân (first-person plural possessive)
برادرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
barâdaremun (first-person plural possessive)
برادرانمان (first-person plural possessive)
barâdarấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
برادرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
barâdarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
برادرتان (plural possessive second-person)
barâdaretân (plural possessive second-person)
برادرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
barâdaretun (plural possessive second-person)
برادرانتان (plural possessive second-person)
barâdarấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
برادراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
barâdarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
برادرشان (plural possessive third-person)
barâdarešân (plural possessive third-person)
برادرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
barâdarešun (plural possessive third-person)
برادرانشان (plural possessive third-person)
barâdarấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
برادراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
barâdarấšun (plural possessive third-person)
برادرم (first-person possessive singular)
barâdaram (first-person possessive singular)
برادرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
barâdar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
برادرهام، برادرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
barâdarấm (first-person possessive singular)
برادرت (possessive second-person singular)
barâdarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
barâdaret (possessive second-person singular)
برادرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
barâdar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
برادرهات، برادرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
barâdarất (possessive second-person singular)
برادرش (possessive singular third-person)
barâdaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
barâdareš (possessive singular third-person)
برادرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
barâdar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
برادرهاش، برادراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
barâdarấš (possessive singular third-person)
برادرمان (first-person plural possessive)
barâdaremân (first-person plural possessive)
برادرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
barâdaremun (first-person plural possessive)
برادرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
barâdar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
برادرهامون، برادرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
barâdarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
برادرتان (plural possessive second-person)
barâdaretân (plural possessive second-person)
برادرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
barâdaretun (plural possessive second-person)
برادرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
barâdar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
برادرهاتون، برادراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
barâdarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
برادرشان (plural possessive third-person)
barâdarešân (plural possessive third-person)
برادرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
barâdarešun (plural possessive third-person)
برادرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
barâdar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
برادرهاشون، برادراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
barâdarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bashkir: борадәр (boradər)

→ Bengali: বেরাদর (berador)

→ Gujarati: બિરાદર (birādar)

→ Hindustani: birādar

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Hindi: बिरादर

Hindi: बिरादर

Urdu: بِرادَر

Urdu: بِرادَر

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→ Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
→ Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
→⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
→⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
→ Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер／burázer

→ Punjabi: barādar

Gurmukhi script: ਬਰਾਦਰ

Shahmukhi script: بَرادَر

→ Uzbek: birodar

→ Hindustani: birādarān

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Hindi: बिरादरान

Hindi: बिरादरान

Urdu: بِرادَران

Urdu: بِرادَران

[bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]

[bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]

[bæ.ɹɒː.d̪ǽɹ]

[bä.ɾɔ.d̪ǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (brād, brādar), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (brātā), from Proto-Iranian *bráHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with English brother.

inh

برادرم میخواد با زنی ازدواج کنه.

My brother wants to get married to some woman. (Implied is that the brother has chosen a specific woman, but the speaker is not acquainted with her.)

(Iran, colloquial) dude (term of address for man)


جمهوری

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جُمْهوری • (jomhuri) (plural جمهوریها (jomhuri-hâ))

جُمْهوری (canonical)
jomhuri (romanization)
جمهوریها (plural)

[d͡ʒä.muː.ɾíː]

Borrowed from Arabic جُمْهُورِيَّة (jumhūriyya), from Ottoman Turkish جمهوریت.

bor+

جُمْهُورِيَّة


مدرسه

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مَدرِسه • (madrese) (plural مدرسهها (madrese-hâ) or مدارس (madâres))

مَدرِسه (canonical)
madrese (romanization)
مدرسهها (plural)
مدارس (plural)

→ Bashkir: мәҙрәсә (məźrəsə)

→ Bengali: মাদ্রাসা (madraśa)

→ Gujarati: મદરેસા (madresā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मद्रसा (madrasā)

Urdu: مَدْرِسَہ (madrisa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਦਰੱਸਾ (madrassā)

Shahmukhi script: مَدْرَسَہ (madrasah)

→ Tatar: мәдрәсә (mädräsä)

Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


گوش

→ Gujarati: ગોશ (goś)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /gōš/), from Old Persian 𐎥𐎢𐏁 (g-u-š /gauša/, “ear”), from Proto-Iranian *gáwšah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰáwšas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰows- (“hear”).
Indo-Iranian cognates include: Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša), Baluchi گوش (goš), Northern Kurdish guh, Ossetian хъус (qus) / гъос (ǧos), Sanskrit घोष (ghoṣa). Also compare Old Armenian գոյշ (goyš), an Iranian borrowing.


لباس

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لباس • (lebâs) (plural لباسها (lebâs-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लिबास (libās)

Urdu: لِباس (libās)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਿਬਾਸ (libās)

Shahmukhi script: لِباس (libās)

Lebâs-eš o dar âvord. (colloquial)

لباسش رو در آورد. Lebâs-aš râ dar âvard. (literary)


مجلس

مَجْلِس (canonical)
majles (romanization)
مجالس (plural)

→ Bengali: মজলিস (mojoliś)

→ English: majlis

→ Finnish: majlis

→ Gujarati: મજલિસ (majlis)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मजलिस (majlis)

Urdu: مَجْلِس (majlis)

→ Portuguese: majlis

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਜਲਸ (majlas)

Shahmukhi script: مجلس (majlas)


قهوه

قَهْوِه • (qahve) (plural قهوهها (qahve-hâ))

قَهْوِه (canonical)
qahve (romanization)
قهوهها (plural)

Tajik: қаҳва (qahva)

→ Gujarati: કહવા (kahvā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हवा (qahvā)

Urdu: قَہْوَہ (qahva)

→ Punjabi: قَہْوَہ (qahvah)

→ Sindhi: قَهِوو (qahivo)


آقا

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish ağa and Ottoman Turkish آغا (ağa).

آقای پارسا
âqâ-ye pârsâ
Mr. Parsa