نماینده

نماینده • (namâyande) (plural نمایندگان (namâyandegân))

namâyande (romanization)
نمایندگان (plural)
نمایندهام (first-person possessive singular)
namâyandé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
namâyandám (first-person possessive singular)
نمایندگانم (first-person possessive singular)
namâyandegấnam (first-person possessive singular)
namâyandeấm (first-person possessive singular)
نمایندهات (possessive second-person singular)
namâyandé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
namâyandát (possessive second-person singular)
نمایندگانت (possessive second-person singular)
namâyandegấnat (possessive second-person singular)
namâyandeất (possessive second-person singular)
نمایندهاش (possessive singular third-person)
namâyandéaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
namâyandáš (possessive singular third-person)
نمایندگانش (possessive singular third-person)
namâyandegấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
namâyandeấš (possessive singular third-person)
نمایندهمان (first-person plural possessive)
namâyandé-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
namâyandámun (first-person plural possessive)
نمایندگانمان (first-person plural possessive)
namâyandegấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
namâyandeấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نمایندهتان (plural possessive second-person)
namâyandé-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
namâyandátun (plural possessive second-person)
نمایندگانتان (plural possessive second-person)
namâyandegấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
namâyandeấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نمایندهشان (plural possessive third-person)
namâyandé-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
namâyandášun (plural possessive third-person)
نمایندگانشان (plural possessive third-person)
namâyandegấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
namâyandeấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: nümayəndə

→ Middle Hindi: نمایندہ (nmayndh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: नुमाइंदा (numāindā)

Urdu: نُمایِنْدَہ (numāyinda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੁਮਾਇੰਦਾ (numāindā)

desc

Shahmukhi script: نُمائندَہ (numā'indah)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नुमाइंदगान (numāindagān)

نُمایِنْدَگان

Urdu: نُمایِنْدَگان (numāyindagān)

Present participle of نَمودَن (namudan).


بندی

head

بندی • (bandi) (plural بندیها (bandi-hâ))

→ Hindustani: bandī

desc

Hindi: बंदी, बन्दी

Hindi: बंदी, बन्दी

Urdu: بندی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦੀ (bandī)

Shahmukhi script: بندی (bndī)

→ Sanskrit: बन्दिन् (bandin)


مجازات‌ها

head

مجازاتها • (mojâzât-hâ)

مجازاتها (canonical)
mojâzât-hâ (romanization)

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪.hɑː]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪.hɑː]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪.ʔɑː]

[mu.d͡ʒɔː.zɔːt̪.ʔɔː]

مجازات مجازات#Persian


زاده

zâde (romanization)
زادگان (plural)
زادهام (first-person possessive singular)
zâdé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
zâdám (first-person possessive singular)
زادگانم (first-person possessive singular)
zâdegấnam (first-person possessive singular)
zâdeấm (first-person possessive singular)
زادهات (possessive second-person singular)
zâdé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
zâdát (possessive second-person singular)
زادگانت (possessive second-person singular)
zâdegấnat (possessive second-person singular)
zâdeất (possessive second-person singular)
زادهاش (possessive singular third-person)
zâdéaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
zâdáš (possessive singular third-person)
زادگانش (possessive singular third-person)
zâdegấnaš (possessive singular third-person)
zâdeấš (possessive singular third-person)
زادهمان (first-person plural possessive)
zâdé-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
zâdámun (first-person plural possessive)
زادگانمان (first-person plural possessive)
zâdegấnemân (first-person plural possessive)
zâdeấmun (first-person plural possessive)
زادهتان (plural possessive second-person)
zâdé-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
zâdátun (plural possessive second-person)
زادگانتان (plural possessive second-person)
zâdegấnetân (plural possessive second-person)
zâdeấtun (plural possessive second-person)
زادهشان (plural possessive third-person)
zâdé-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
zâdášun (plural possessive third-person)
زادگانشان (plural possessive third-person)
zâdegấnešân (plural possessive third-person)
zâdeấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: zadə

→ Ottoman Turkish: زاده (zade)

Turkish: zade

From Middle Persian zʾtk' (zādag), from Old Persian *zātah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós. Indo-Iranian cognates include Sanskrit जात (jātá), Marathi झाले (jhāle), Northern Kurdish -za, Central Kurdish ـزا (za) and Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬙𐬀 (zāta), other cognates include Latin gnātus, nātus, Old English -cund. Not a cognate with German Saat.

کاندر این زندان دنیا من خوشم
تا که دشمن زادگان را میکشم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 631:

For I am happy (to be) in the prison of this world,
in order that I may be slaying the children of mine enemy

k-andar īn zindān-i dunyā man xōšam
tā ki dušman zādagān rā mē-kušam


مجازات

مجازات • (mojâzât) (plural مجازاتها (mojâzât-hâ))

mojâzât (romanization)
مجازاتها (plural)

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُجَازَاة (mujāzāh).


کرگدن‌ها

کرگدنها (canonical)
kargadan-hâ (romanization)

کرگدن کرگدن#Persian


کرگدن

head

کرگدن • (kargadan) (plural کرگدنها (kargadan-hâ))

kargadan (romanization)
کرگدنها (plural)

→ Avar: гаргадан (gargadan)

→ Azerbaijani: kərgədan

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkəḏānā)

→ Arabic: كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan)

→ Crimean Tatar: kerkedan

→ Gujarati: કરગદન (karagdan)

→ Gurani: کەرگەدەنگ (kargadang)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kergeden

Central Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Southern Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Laki: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

→ Lak: каргадан (kargadan)

→ Mazanderani: کرگردن (kərgadən)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քարկարտան (kʻarkartan), քարկանտան (kʻarkantan)

→ Tatar: кәркедән (kärkedän)

→ Turkish: gergedan

→ Turkmen: kerk (from کرگ (karg))

→ Uyghur: كەركىدان (kerkidan)

→ Uzbek: karkidon

[kʰʲæɹ.kʰʲæ.d̪ǽn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (klg /karg/, “rhinoceros; horn”) + [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “bearer, holder”), ultimately from Sanskrit खड्ग (khaḍga, “rhinoceros; literally sword bearer”).
Compare Arabic كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan, “rhinoceros”), Classical Syriac ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkǝḏānā, “rhinoceros”), Sanskrit खड्गधेनु (khaḍgadhenu, “a female rhinoceros”).


کلیشه

head

کلیشه • (keliše)

fa-noun

کلیشه • (keliše)


عید

head

عِیْد or عید • ('eyd or 'id) (plural عیدها ('eyd-hâ) or اعیاد (a'yâd))

عِیْد (canonical)
عید (canonical)
عیدها (plural)
اعیاد (plural)

→ Assamese: ঈদ (id)

→ Bengali: ঈদ (id)

→ Bhojpuri: īd

Devanagari script: ईद

Kaithi script: 𑂆𑂠

→ Bundeli: ईद (īd)

→ Chhattisgarhi: ईद (īd)

→ Dhivehi: އީދު (īdu)

→ Gojri: عِید ('īd)

→ Gujarati: ઈદ (īd)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ईद (īd)
→ Burmese: အစ် (ac)

Urdu: عِید ('īd)

→ Kachchi: īdh

Gujarati script: ઈધ

Khojki script: 𑈂𑈗

Khudabadi script: 𑊳𑋐

→ Kannauji: ईद

→ Kannada: ಈದ್ (īd)

→ Kashmiri: عیٖد (ʿīd)

→ Konkani: īd

Devanagari script: ईद

Kannada script: ಈದ್

→ Kumaoni: ईद

→ Maithili: īd

Devanagari script: ईद

Tirhuta script: 𑒄𑒠

→ Malvi: ईद (īd)

→ Marathi: īd

Devanagari script: ईद

Modi script: 𑘃𑘟

→ Odia: ଇଦ (ida)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਈਦ (īd)

Shahmukhi script: عِید (ʻīd)

→ Saraiki: عِید (ʻīd)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: عِيدَ

Devanagari script: ईद

Khojki script: 𑈂𑈝

Khudabadi script: 𑊳𑋏 (īda)

→ Telugu: ఈద్ (īd)

→ Varhadi: īd

Devanagari script: ईद

Modi script: 𑘃𑘟


بی‌گناه

بیگناه • (bê-gonâh) (plural بیگناهان (bê-gonâhân) or بیگناهها (bê-gonâh-hâ))

بیگناه (canonical)
bê-gonâh (romanization)
بیگناهان (plural)
بیگناهها (plural)

→ Bengali: বেগুনাহ (begunaho)

→ Gujarati: બેગુનાહ (begunāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बेगुनाह (begunāh)

desc

Urdu: بیگُنَاہ (begunāh), بے گُنَاہ (be gunāh)

→ Marathi: बेगुन्हा (begunhā)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: बेगुनाह (begunāh)

Mahajani script: 𑅪𑅓𑅗𑅒𑅧𑅱 (begunh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੇਗੁਨਾਹ (begunāh)

Shahmukhi script: بے گُناہ (be gunāh)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: بي گُنَهُ, بي گُنَهو, بي گُناهُ, بي گُناهو

Devanagari script: बेगुनहु, बेगुनहो, बेगुनाहु, बेगुनाहो

Khudabadi script: 𑋔𑋥𑊼𑋣𑋑𑋞𑋣 (begunahu), 𑋔𑋥𑊼𑋣𑋑𑋞𑋧 (begunaho), 𑋔𑋥𑊼𑋣𑋑𑋠𑋞𑋣 (begunāhu), 𑋔𑋥𑊼𑋣𑋑𑋠𑋞𑋧 (begunāho)

[beː.ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]

[beː.ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]

af

بیـ<alt:بیـ>


راهنما

head

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

fa-noun

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

Azerbaijani: rəhnüma

Ottoman Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਹਿਨੁਮਾ (rahinumā)

Shahmukhi script: رہنما (rahnumā)

→ Hindustani:

Devanagari script: रहनुमा (rahnumā)

Arabic script: رہنما (rahnumā)


قیف

→ Azerbaijani: qıf


کلیمی

کلیم (kalim, short for کلیم الله (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)) + ـی (-i).

af

کلیم
<pos:short for <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کلیم الله</i> (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)>


سبزیجات

head

سبزیجات • (sabzijât)

Near-synonym: ترهبار (tarebâr)

سبزی سبزی#Persian

(collective) plural of سبزی (sabzi, “vegetable”), vegetables


دیوانگی

دیوانگی • (divânegi)

fa-noun

دیوانگی • (divânegi)

[d̪iː.vɒː.næ.ɡʲíː]


بازیگر

head

بازیگر • (bâzigar) (plural بازیگران (bâzigarân) or بازیگرها (bâzigar-hâ))

bâzigar (romanization)
بازیگران (plural)
بازیگرها (plural)

→ Assamese: বাজিকৰ (bazikor)

→ Bengali: বাজিগর (bajigor)

→ Gujarati: બાજીગર (bājīgar)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: बाजीगर (bājīgara)
Hindustani: bāzīgar
Hindi: बाज़ीगर
Urdu: بَازِیگََر (bāzīgār)

→ Kannada: ಬಾಜಿಗಾರ (bājigāra)

→ Odia: ବାଜିଗର (bājigara)

→ Old Punjabi: ਬਾਜੀਗਰੁ (bājīgaru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਜ਼ੀਗਰ (bāzīgar)
Shahmukhi script: بازِی گَر (bāzī gar)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: بازيگَرُ

Devanagari script: बाज़ीगरु

[bɒː.ziː.ɡʲǽɹ]

(original sense) rope dancer; tumbler; performing acrobat


اعلام

Tajik: иълом (iʾlom)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: اِعْلَام (i'lām)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَعْلَمَ (ʔaʕlama)
Arabic إِعْلَام (ʔiʕlām)bor.
Persian اعلامBorrowed from Arabic إِعْلَام (ʔiʕlām).


ای

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter a in English and other European languages.


شرم

head

شرم • (šarm)

fa-noun

شرم • (šarm)

→ Middle Bengali: শরম (śorom)

Bengali: শরম (śorom)

→ Gujarati: શરમ (śaram)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शर्म (śarm)

Urdu: شَرْم (śarm)

→ Maithili: saram

Devanagari script: सरम

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒩𑒧

→ Marathi: शरम (śaram)

→ Marwari: शरम (śaram), सरम (saram)

→ Odia: ଶରମ (śarama)

→ Nepali: शरम (śaram), सरम (saram)

desctree

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਰਮ (sarama)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਰਮ (śaram)
Shahmukhi script: شَرم (śarm)

→ Sindhi: śarmu

Arabic script: شُرْمُ

Devanagari script: शरमु

→ Ushojo: شرم (šarm)

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭥𐭬 (šarm), from Proto-Iranian *fšarma- (“shame”), from *fšar- (“to shame, be ashamed”), from Proto-Indo-European *pḱormo- (“shame, suffering, pain”), from *pḱer- (“to suffer, feel grief and shame”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (kṣär-, “be ashamed”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “shame”), Proto-Slavic *sȏrmъ (“shame”), and English harm.


تورم

تَوَرُّم (canonical)
tavarrom (romanization)

[t̪ʰæ.væɹ.ɹóm]

[t̪ʰä.väɾ.ɾúm]

Borrowed from Arabic تَوَرُّم (tawarrum).

bor+

نرخ تورم

با این حساب به نظر میرسد روند تورم در ایران تا اطلاع ثانوی به تحولات سیاسی، علیالخصوص سیاست خارجی بستگی خواهد داشت.

2021 January 26, “گرانی در ایران؛ آیا تورم در حال کاهش است؟”, in BBC Persian:

Given this account, it appears that the trend of inflation in Iran will depend on political developments, especially foreign politics, until further notice.

bâ in hesâb be nazar mi-resad ravand-e tavarrom dar irân tâ ettelâ'-e sânavi be tahavolât-e siyâsi, alâ-l-xosus siyâsat-e xâreji bastegi xâhad dâšt.


لطف

Hindi: लुत्फ़ (lutf)


پروانگی

→ Gujarati: પરવાનગી (parvāngī)

xlit

پَرْوَانْگِی

→ Hindustani: parvāngī

desc

Hindi: परवानगी

Hindi: परवानगी

Urdu: پَرْوانْگِی

Urdu: پَرْوانْگِی

→ Marathi: परवानगी (parvāngī)

xlit

پَرْوَانْگِی

→ Punjabi: parvāngī

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਵਾਨਗੀ

desc

پَرْوَانْگِی

Shahmukhi script: پَرْوَانْگِی

[pʰäɾ.wɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[pʰäɾ.wɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[pʰäɾ.wɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[pʰäɾ.wɔː.nä.ɡí]

[pʰæɹ.vɒː.ne.ɡʲíː]


متن

head

مَتن • (matn) (plural مَتنها (matn-hâ) or مُتون (motun))

مَتن (canonical)
matn (romanization)
مَتنها (plural)
مُتون (plural)


زادگاه

زادگاه • (zâd-gâh)

fa-noun

زادگاه • (zâd-gâh)


مسجدها

[mäs.d͡ʒɪd̪.ʔɑː]

مسجد مسجد#Persian


لنگرگاه

head

لَنگَرگاه • (langargâh)

fa-noun

لَنگَرگاه • (langargâh)

لَنگَرگاه (canonical)
langargâh (romanization)

[läŋ.ɡäɾ.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[läŋ.ɡäɾ.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[läŋ.ɡäɾ.ɡɑ́ː]

[läŋ.ɡäɾ.ɡɔ́ː]

[læɲ.ɡʲæɹ.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[läŋ.ɡäɾ.ɡɔ́ʱ]


شقایق

head

شقایق • (šaqâyeq) (plural شقایقها (šaqâyeq-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic شَقَائِق النُّعْمَان (šaqāʔiq an-nuʕmān).

bor+

شَقَائِق النُّعْمَان


پیشانی

head

پیشانی • (pišâni)

fa-noun

پیشانی • (pišâni)

→ Bengali: পেশানী (peśani)

→ Khalaj: pêşânı

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیشانی (pişanî)
Turkish: pişanî

[pʰeː.ʃɑː.níː]

[pʰeː.ʃɑː.níː]

[pʰeː.ʃɑː.níː]

[pʰiː.ʃɒː.níː]


جنبش

head

جُنْبِش • (jonbeš)

fa-noun

جُنْبِش • (jonbeš)

جُنْبِش (canonical)
jonbeš (romanization)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جنبش (cümbüş)
Turkish: cümbüş
→ Armenian: ճիւմպիւշ (čiwmpiwš), ջմբուշ (ǰmbuš)
→ Romanian: giumbuș

جُنْبِشِ سِیاسی


آبرو

head

آبرو • (âberu) (plural آبروها (âberu-hâ))

→ Bashkir: абруй (abruy)

→ Bengali: আব্রু (abru)

→ Gujarati: આબરૂ (ābarū)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आबरू (ābrū)

Urdu: آبرو (ābrū)

→ Marathi: अब्रू (abrū)

→ Northern Kurdish: ebûr

→ Armenian: աբուռ (abuṙ)

desc

آبرو / آبروی

→ Ottoman Turkish: آبرو / آبروی (âb-ı rû(y))

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਬਰੂ (ābarū)

Shahmukhi script: آبرو (ābro)

Shortened form of آبروی (âb-e-ruy), compound of آب (âb) + روی (ruy). Cognate with Northern Kurdish avrû.


خاکستر

head

خاکستر • (xâkestar) (plural خاکسترها (xâkestar-hâ))

xâkestar (romanization)
خاکسترها (plural)

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰǽɾ]

کاملی گر خاک گیرد زر شود، ناقص ار زر برد خاکستر شود.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 1609:

If a perfect man take earth, it becomes gold; if an imperfect one has carried away gold, it becomes ashes.

kâmel-i gar xâk girad zar šavad, nâqes ar zar bord xâkestar šavad.

نفس من شده از سوختگی خاکستر، گر شود آینه روشن ز دم من چه عجب.

c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz, دیوان [Divān]:

Burning, my soul has turned into ashes. What wonder if my breath polishes the mirror!

nafas-e man šode az suxtegi xâkestar, gar šavad âyene rowšan ze dam-e man če 'ajab.

هر سو نظری کردم، هر کو گذری کرد / خاکستر و خون دیدم، ویرانه به ویرانه.

1980, پرویز بیگی حبیبآبادی, غریبانه [Gharibane]:

Everywhere I looked, every street I passed / I saw ashes and blood, ruin upon ruin.

har su nazari kardam, har ku gozari kardam / xâkestar o xun didam, virâne be virâne.


آموزش

آموزِش • (âmuzeš)

fa-noun

آموزِش • (âmuzeš)

آموزِش (canonical)
âmuzeš (romanization)

[ʔɑː.moː.zɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.moː.zɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.moː.zɪ́ʃ]

af

آموز (âmôz) + ـش (eš)

آموزِشِ فیزیکی ― âmuzeš-e fiziki ― physical education


گیس

From Middle Persian gys (gēs, “curl, locks”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas ~ *gáyćas, of unknown source, likely a borrowing from the the BMAC substrate. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian gyswg (gēsūg). Akin to Old Armenian գէս (gēs), an Iranian borrowing. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬎 (gaēsu, “curls”), Sanskrit केश (keśa).

ringlet of hair, a forelock, a sidelock, curl


عکاس

head

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

fa-noun

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

عَکّاس (canonical)
'akkâs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: əkkas

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɔ́ːs]

[ʔækʲ.kʰɒ́ːs]

Pseudo-Arabic formation from عَکْس ('aks, “photo”), from Arabic عَكْس (ʕaks, “reflection, opposite”), using the Arabic pattern فَعّال (faʕʕāl) which creates words for habitual actions and professions. Compare کَفّاش (kaffâš, “cobbler”).


شاهزاده

head

شاهزاده • (šâhzâde) (plural شاهزادگان (šâhzâdegân))

šâhzâde (romanization)
شاهزادگان (plural)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: (dialectal) ܫܵܗܙܵܕ݂ܵܐ (šāhzāḏā)

→ Azerbaijani: şahzadə

desctree

→ Chagatai: شهزاده
Uyghur: شاھزادە (shahzade)
Uzbek: shahzoda

→ English: shahzada

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: शहज़ादा (śahzādā), शाहज़ादा (śāhzādā)

Urdu: شہزادہ (śahzādah, śêhzādah), شاہزادہ (śāhzādah)

→ Phalura: šaazaadá, شہزادہ

→ Kazakh: шаһзада (şahzada)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهزاده

Turkish: şehzade

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਜ਼ਾਦਾ (śahizādā), ਸ਼ਾਹਜ਼ਾਦਾ (śāhzādā)

Shahmukhi script: شہزادہ (śahzādah, śêhzādah), شاہزادہ (śāhzādah)

→ Tatar: шаһзадә (şahzadä)

→ Turkmen: şazada

[ʃɑːɦ.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɑːɦ.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɑː.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɔː.zɔː.d̪ä]

[ʃɒːɦ.zɒː.d̪e]

[ʃɔɦ.zɔ.d̪ä]

From شاه (šâh, “king”) + زاده (zâde, “offspring”).


درمان

head

درمان • (darmân)

fa-noun

درمان • (darmân)

→ Azerbaijani: dərman

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: درمان (derman)
Turkish: derman
→ Albanian: derman
→ Armenian: տէրման (tērman), դա̈րմա̈ն (därmän)
→ Bulgarian: дерма́н (dermán)
→ Macedonian: дерман (derman)
→ Serbo-Croatian: dèrmān／дѐрма̄н

[d̪äɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.mɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.mɔ́ːn]

[d̪æɹ.mɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫅𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (drmʾn /darmān/, “remedy, medicine”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mn̥. Compare Sanskrit धर्मन् (dharman, “support, supporter”), धर्म (dharma, “morality, virtue”).

cog

مرا دردیست اندر دل که درمان نیستش یارا
من و دردت چو تو درمان نمیخواهی دل ما را

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

I have a pain in my heart for which there is no cure, my love!
Me and my love-pain for you, when you do not want to cure my heart.

ma-rā dardē-st andar dil ki darmān nēst-aš yār-ā
man u dard-at čū tu darmān na-mē-xwāhī dil-i mā rā


قمری

Borrowed from Arabic قُمْرِيّ (qumriyy).

Spilopelia senegalensis
Spilopelia senegalensis#Translingual


نامه

→ Azerbaijani: namə / نامه

→ Bengali: -নামা (-nama)

→ Gujarati: નામું (nāmũ), નામા (nāmā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नामा (nāmā)

Urdu: نامہ (nāma)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: نامە (name)

Northern Kurdish: name

→ Ottoman Turkish: نامه (nâme)

Turkish: name

→ Crimean Tatar: name

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਮਾ (nāmā)

Shahmukhi script: نامہ (nāma)

→ Uzbek: noma

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (MGLTA) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (nʾmk' /nāmag/, “book, letter, any written text”), equivalent to nām (“name”) (itself from Proto-Iranian *Hnā́ma (“name”)) + -ak (derivative suffix), originally a "name-list" or catalogue of products made for economic or bureaucratic purposes, this being the most common use of writing in early Iranian languages. By surface analysis, نام (nâm, “name”) + ـه (-e), but rarely analyzed or understood as such. Compare Old Armenian նամակ (namak, “letter, writing”), an Iranian borrowing.

رزمنامه

razm-nâme, Mughal translation of the Mahabharata

letter (written or printed communication)

روزنامه

فیلمنامه

(archaic, or in compounds) book; anything written


دروغ

head

دروغ • (dorôğ) (plural دروغها (dorôğ-hâ))

→ Hindi: दरोग़ (daroġ)

→ Tamil: தரோகா (tarōkā)

[d̪uː.ɹúːɢ̥]

From Middle Persian KDBA / dlwb' (drō(g)), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos, from *dʰrewgʰ-. Compare German Betrug, Dutch bedrog, both “deception”. Also related with English dream.


لنگر

لنگر • (langar) (plural لنگرها (langar-hâ))

→ Arabic: أَنْجَر (ʔanjar)

→ Gujarati: લંગર (laṅgar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لنگر (lenger)
Turkish: lenger
→ Armenian: լէնկէռ (lēnkēṙ)

→ Uyghur: لەڭگەر (lengger)

→ Mandarin: 蘭干 (Lángān)

From Ancient Greek ἄγκῡρα (ánkūra).
Alternately of Iranian origin, cognate with Sanskrit लङ्गल (laṅgala).


دانه

head

دانه • (dâne)

fa-noun

دانه • (dâne)

→ Gulf Arabic: دَانَة (dāna)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: dənə
→ Armenian: դա̈նա̈ (dänä)

→ Bashkir: дана (dana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दाना (dānā)

Urdu: دانہ (dāna)

→ Bengali: দানা (dana)

→ Kazakh: дана (dana)

→ Nepali: दाना (dānā)

→ Pashto: دانه (dâna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਣਾ (dāṇā)

→ Rajbanshi: दाना (dānā)

→ Tatar: данә (danä)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانه (tane)
Turkish: tane
→ Armenian: թանե (tʻane)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: та̏не
Latin script: tȁne

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭠𐭭𐭪 (dʾnk' /dānag/), from Proto-Iranian *daHnáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰaHnáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂. Cognate with Baluchi دانگ (dànag, “pimple”). Doublet of دانگ.


موبد

From [Book Pahlavi needed] (mgwpt' /mowbed/) with the same meaning, from Proto-Iranian *magu-pati- (literally “head of the Magi”). By surface analysis, مغ (moğ, “magus”) + ـبد (-bad, “lord, master”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian մոգպետ (mogpet), մովպետան մովպետ (movpetan movpet), մուբիտան մուբիտ (mubitan mubit), Classical Syriac ܡܘܒܕ (mawbed), ܡܘܗܦܛܐ (mawhəp̄āṭā).


مشکل

head

مشکل • (moškel) (plural مشکلها (moškel-hâ) or مشکلات (moškelât))

moškel (romanization)
مشکلها (plural)
مشکلات (plural)

→ Assamese: মুস্কিল (muskil)

→ Bengali: মুশকিল (muśokil)

→ Gujarati: મુશ્કેલ (muśkel)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुश्किल (muśkil)

desctree

Urdu: مُشْکِل (muśkil)
→ Phalura:
Latin: muškíl
Perso-Arabic: مُشکِل

→ Maithili: maskil

Devanagari script: मसकिल

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒮𑒏𑒱𑒪

→ Marathi: मुश्कील (muśkīl)

→ Marwari: मुश्किल (muśkil)

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੁਸਕਲੁ (musakalu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਸ਼ਕਲ (muśkal)
Shahmukhi script: مُشکَل (muśkal)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُشْڪِلُ

Devanagari script: मुश्किलु


مترادف

head

مترادف • (motarâdef) (plural مترادفات (motarâdefât) or مترادفها (motarâdef-hâ))

motarâdef (romanization)
مترادفات (plural)
مترادفها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرَادِف (mutarādif).


مأموریت

Borrowed from Arabic مَأْمُورِيَّة (maʔmūriyya). By surface analysis, مَأْمور (ma'mur) + ـيت (-iyyat). Displaced Persian گُمارِش (gomâreš).

مَأْمُورِيَّة


تلفظ

تَلَفُّظ (canonical)
talaffoz (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic تَلَفُّظ (talaffuẓ).


قاب

Ultimately from Common Turkic *kāp, likely via Azerbaijani qab (“tableware, dish, plate”).


مأمور

head

مأمور • (ma'mur) (plural مأموران (ma'murân) or مأمورین (ma'murin))

ma'mur (romanization)
مأموران (plural)
مأمورین (plural)

مأمور مخفی

مأموران وزارت اطلاعات

official, officer, delegate, functionary, agent


حساب

حساب • (hesâb)

fa-noun

حساب • (hesâb)

→ Urdu: حِساب (hisāb)


عطر

→ Assamese: আতৰ (ator)

→ Bengali: আতর (ator)

→ Gojri: عَطَر ('atar)

→ Gujarati: અત્તર (attar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इत्र (itr)

Urdu: عِطْر ('itr)

→ Kannada: ಅತ್ತರು (attaru)

→ Kazakh: әтір (ätır)

→ Magahi: 𑂃𑂞𑂩 (atar)

→ Maithili: atar, ãtar

Devanagari script: अतर, अँतर

Tirhuta script: 𑒁𑒞𑒩, 𑒁𑒿𑒞𑒩

→ Malayalam: അത്തർ (attaṟ)

→ Malvi: इतर (itar)

→ Marathi: अत्तर (attar)

→ Marwari:

desc

Devanagari script: अंतर (antar), अन्तर (antar)

Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅧𑅣𑅭 (antr)

→ Odia: ଅତର (atara)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਤਰ (atar)

Shahmukhi script: عَطَر (ʻat̤ar)

→ Tamil: அத்தர் (attar)

→ Telugu: అత్తరు (attaru), అత్తరువు (attaruvu)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: عَطُرُ

Devanagari script: अतुर

Khudabadi script: 𑊰𑋍𑋣𑋙 (atura)

→ Varhadi: अत्तर (attar)


لایه

Likely related to آلای (âlây-, “(originally) to smear; (modern) to stain, to pollute”), which is from Proto-Iranian *dauH- (“to smear; to rub”). Compare Sogdian δʾw (“plastering”). The word is not common in classical texts. Unrelated to English layer.

der

پارچه دو لایه


درس

dars (romanization)
درس (singular)
dars (singular)
درسها (plural)
dars-hấ (plural)
درسا (colloquial plural)
darsấ (plural)
درس را (definite direct-object singular)
dars râ (definite direct-object singular)
درس رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
darso (definite direct-object singular)
درسها را (definite direct-object plural)
dars-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
درسا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
darsấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
درس (ezafe singular)
dars-e (ezafe singular)
درسهای (ezafe plural)
dars-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
درسای (colloquial ezafe plural)
darsấ-ye (ezafe plural)
درسی (definite relative singular)
درسی (indefinite singular stressed)
dars-i (definite relative singular)
dars-i (indefinite singular stressed)
درسهایی (definite plural relative)
درسهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
darsấn-i, dars-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
darsấn-i, dars-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
درسایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
درسایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
darsấi (definite plural relative)
darsấi (indefinite plural stressed)

درس اول

(agriculture) threshing, act of separation of grain from the straw or husks by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery.


بخار

head

بخار • (boxâr)

fa-noun

بخار • (boxâr)

Borrowed from Arabic بُخَار (buḵār, “steam, vapour”).


اژدرها

ežderhâ (romanization)
aždarhâ (romanization)

اژدها اژدها#Persian

Alternative form of اژدها (aždahâ, eždehâ)


افسون

→ Azerbaijani: əfsun

→ Khalaj: afsûn, əfsûn

→ Malay: afsun

Indonesian: afsun

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسون

Turkish: afsun, efsun

→ Uyghur: ئەپسۇن (epsun)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭯𐭮𐭥𐭭 (afsōn, “spell, incantation”).


آخور

→ Azerbaijani: axur

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (axor)

→ Gulf Arabic: ياخور (yāḵūr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आख़ोर (āxor)

Urdu: آخور (āxor)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آخور (ahur, ahır)

Turkish: ahır, (dialectal) ahor, ahar

→ Albanian: ahur

→ Armenian: ախըռ (axəṙ)

→ Bulgarian: яхъ́р (jahǎ́r)

→ Crimean Tatar: ahır

→ Greek: αχούρι (achoúri)

→ Laz: ახირი (axiri)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ахар

Latin script: ahar

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾhwl /āxwarr/, “manger; stable”). Compare Northern Kurdish axur, afirr, Central Kurdish ئاخوڕ (axurr), Pashto آخور (āxor, “manger, trough; stable, stall”) and Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ախոռ (axoṙ), Georgian ახორი (axori), ახური (axuri), Classical Syriac ܐܟܘܪ (ʾāḵwar). The Iranian word literally means “a place for eating” and ultimately goes back to Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”), on which see خوردن (xwardan).


ابریق

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इब्रीक़ (ibrīq)

Urdu: ابریق (ibrīq)


جزء

→ Bengali: জুজ (juz)

→ Chagatai: جزء

Uyghur: جۈز (jüz)

Uzbek: juz

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੁਜ਼ (juz)

Shahmukhi script: جز (juz)


پیشنهاد

head

پیشنهاد • (pišnehâd) (plural پیشنهادها (pišnehâd-hâ))

pišnehâd (romanization)
پیشنهادها (plural)

[pʰeːʃ.ne̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[pʰeːʃ.ne̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[pʰiːʃ.ne.ɦɒ́ːd̪̥]

Compound of پیش (piš, “front”) + نهاد (nehad, “past stem of نهادن (nehâdan, “to put, place, set”)”). Compare Northern Kurdish pêşniyar.

com+

past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">نهادن</i> (nehâdan, “to put, place, set”)


ابن

head

اِبن • (ebn)

fa-noun

اِبن • (ebn)

ابن سینا ― ebn-e sinâ ― Avicenna

ابن عربی ― ebn-e 'arabi ― Ibn Arabi

ابن هیثم ― ebn-e heysam ― Ibn al-Haytham

ibn; a word meaning "son", used only in patronymic names and certain literary expressions borrowed from Arabic.


مسلمانان

head

مسلمانان • (mosalmânân)

مسلمان مسلمان#Persian


ملیت‌ها

ملیتها (canonical)
melliyat-hâ (romanization)

ملیت ملیت#Persian


پناهگاه‌ها

پناهگاهها • (panâhgâh-hâ)

پناهگاهها (canonical)
panâhgâh-hâ (romanization)

پناهگاه پناهگاه#Persian


میدان‌ها

میدانها • (meydân-hâ)

میدانها (canonical)
meydân-hâ (romanization)

میدان میدان#Persian


دانشجوها

دانشجوها • (dânešju-hâ)

دانشجو دانشجو#Persian


اتوبوس‌ها

اتوبوسها • (otobus-hâ)

اتوبوسها (canonical)
otobus-hâ (romanization)

اتوبوس اتوبوس#Persian


نژادها

نژادها • (nežâd-hâ)

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.hɑː]

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.hɑː]

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.ʔɑː]

[ni.ʒɔːd̪.ʔɔː]

نژاد نژاد#Persian


متن‌ها

متنها (canonical)
matn-hâ (romanization)


بمباران

بمباران • (bombârân) (plural بمبارانها (bombârân-hâ))

bombârân (romanization)
بمبارانها (plural)

From بمب (bomb, “bomb”) + باران (bârân, “rain”).


حقوق بشر

head

حُقوقِ بَشَر

حُقوقِ بَشَر • (hoquq-e bašar)

fa-noun

حُقوقِ بَشَر

حُقوقِ بَشَر • (hoquq-e bašar)

حُقوقِ بَشَر (canonical)
hoquq-e bašar (romanization)

[ʔʊ.qúː.qɪ bä.ʃäɾ]


دنده

→ Khalaj: dəndə

From Middle Persian *dandak, equivalent to دند (dand, “tooth”) + ـه (-e).


دانشجویان

head

دانشجویان • (dânešjuyân)

دانشجو دانشجو#Persian


دانشمندان

دانشمندان • (dânešmandân)

دانشمند دانشمند#Persian


پاپیون

پاپیون • (pâpiyon)

fa-noun

پاپیون • (pâpiyon)


کاه

Uncertain. Has been compared to Sanskrit काश (kāśa, “Saccharum spontaneum grass”).


کارد

head

کارد • (kârd)

fa-noun

کارد • (kârd)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kārd, “knife”).


دیدبان

head

دیدبان • (didbân)

fa-noun

دیدبان • (didbân)

→ Azerbaijani: didəban

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dīdbān), whence also Arabic دَيْدَبَان (daydabān). Analyzable as دید (did, “watch, observe”) + ـبان (bân, “protector”).


سید

(Shia Islam) Sayyid, an honorific title borne by male descendants of the prophet Muhammad.


حقوق

حقوق زنان


اینترنت

head

اینْتِرْنِت • (internet)

fa-noun

اینْتِرْنِت • (internet)

اینْتِرْنِت (canonical)


ترشی

head

ترشی • (torši) (plural ترشیها (torši-hâ))

→ Egyptian Arabic: تورشى (toršī)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: թուռշի (tʻuṙši), թուրշի (tʻurši)

desctree

Armenian: թուռշի (tʻuṙši), թուրշի (tʻurši) — Erzurum
→ Russian: турша́ (turšá)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुर्शी (turśī)

Urdu: ترشی (turśī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੁਰਸ਼ੀ (turśī)

Shahmukhi script: ترشی (turśī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترشی (turşı, turşu)
Turkish: turşu
→ Albanian: turshi
→ Arabic: طُرْشِيّ (ṭuršiyy)
→ Bulgarian: турши́я (turšíja)
→ Greek: τουρσί (toursí)
→ Ladino: trushi
→ Macedonian: туршија (turšija)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ту̀ршија / tùršija

From ترش (torš, “sour”) + ـی (-i). Compare سبزی (sabzi, “herb”), from سبز (sabz, “green”) + ـی (-i).


مسیحیان

مسیحی مسیحی#Persian


کم

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”)


چرا

head

چرا • (čarâ)

From چر (čar, present stem of چریدن (čaridan, “to graze, pasture”)) + ـا (-â, “nominal suffix”).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">چریدن</i> (čaridan, “to graze, pasture”)


خاویار

head

خاویار • (xâvyâr)

fa-noun

خاویار • (xâvyâr)

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: χαβιάρι (khabiári), χαβιάριον (khabiárion), χαβάρα (khabára) (from 12ᵗʰ century)

Greek: χαβιάρι (chaviári)

→ Arabic: خِبْيَارِيّ (ḵibyāriyy)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خاویار (havyar)
Turkish: havyar
→ Albanian: havjar
→ Middle Armenian: խաւիար (xawiar)
Armenian: խավիար (xaviar)
→ Bulgarian: хайве́р (hajvér)
→ Italian: caviale
→ French: cavial
→ Medieval Latin: caviarium
→ Serbo-Croatian: àjvār / а̀јва̄р
→ Crimean Tatar: havyar
→ Venetan: caviaro
→ Dutch: kaviaar
→ Middle French: cavyaire
French: caviar
→ Arabic: كَافِيَار (kāfiyār)
→ Catalan: caviar
→ Danish: kaviar
→ Greenlandic: kaviaari
→ English: caviar
→ Korean: 캐비어 (kaebieo)
→ Welsh: cafiâr, cafiar
→ Estonian: kaviaro
→ Faroese: kaviar
→ Finnish: kaviaari
→ Galician: caviar
→ Icelandic: kavíar
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kaviar
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kaviar
→ Polish: kawior
→ Portuguese: caviar
→ Romanian: caviar
→ Romansch: caviar
→ Spanish: caviar
→ Swahili: kaviar
→ German: Kaviar
→ Czech: kaviár
→ Hungarian: kaviár
→ Macedonian: кавијар (kavijar)
→ Serbo-Croatian: kȁvijār / ка̏вија̄р
→ Slovak: kaviár

Formed in another Indo-Iranian language, equivalent to the common Ossetian кӕф (kæf, “fish”) compounded with well-known Romani jaro which is with their usual prejotation and cluster reduction from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hāndrám (Sanskrit आण्ड (āṇḍa, “egg”)), so literally “fish-eggs”.


ژورنالیست

head

ژورْنالیسْت • (žurnâlist) (plural ژورنالیستها (žurnâlist-hâ))

ژورْنالیسْت (canonical)
žurnâlist (romanization)
ژورنالیستها (plural)


احترام

اِحتِرام • (ehterâm) (plural اِحتِرامات (ehterâmât))

اِحتِرام (canonical)
ehterâm (romanization)
اِحتِرامات (plural)

[ʔe̞ɦ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːm]

[ʔe̞ɦ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːm]

[ʔɪ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːm]

[ʔeɦ.t̪ʰe.ɹɒ́ːm]

Borrowed from Arabic اِحْتِرَام (iḥtirām).

bor+

احترام متقابل


همدردی

From همدرد + ـی.


ستون

head

ستون • (sotun) (plural ستونها (sotun-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ستون (sutūn, sitūn)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ستون (sütün)
Turkish: sütun

→ Turkmen: sütün

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (stwn'), 𐫙𐫘𐫤𐫇𐫗 (ʿstwn /stūn/, “column, pillar”), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎬𐎢𐎴𐎠 (stūnā, “column, pillar”), from Proto-Iranian *stuHnáH (“column, pillar”) (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬏𐬥𐬀 (stūna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰuHnáH (“column, pillar”) (compare Sanskrit स्थूणा (sthūṇā)).


فتنه

عشق او پیدا و معشوقش نهان
یار بیرون فتنهی او در جهان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 701:

His love is manifest and his Beloved is hidden:
the Friend is outside (of the world), (but) His fascination is in the world.

'išq-i ō paydā u ma'šūq-aš nihān
yār bērūn fitna-i ō dar jahān


مطبوعات

head

مطبوعات • (matbu'ât)

fa-noun

مطبوعات • (matbu'ât)

Borrowed from Arabic مَطْبُوعَات (maṭbūʕāt).


همشیره

head

همشیره • (hamšire) (plural همشیرگان (hamširegân))

hamšire (romanization)
همشیرگان (plural)

[ʔäm.ʃiː.ɾǽ]

Equivalent to هم (ham, “also, too, similarly, same”) + شیر (šir, “milk”) (i.e. someone one shares mother's milk with).


ائتلاف

ائتلاف • (e'telâf)

fa-noun

ائتلاف • (e'telâf)

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

[ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

Borrowed from Arabic اِئْتِلَاف (iʔtilāf).


نفس

head

نفس • (nafas) (plural نفسها (nafas-hâ) or انفاس (anfâs))

nafas (romanization)
نفسها (plural)
انفاس (plural)


نفس

نفس • (nafs) (plural نفسها (nafs-hâ) or نفوس (nofus))

nafs (romanization)
نفسها (plural)
نفوس (plural)


یاوری

یاوری • (yâvari)

fa-noun

یاوری • (yâvari)

[jɑː.wä.ɾíː]

[jɑː.wä.ɾíː]

[jɑː.wä.ɾíː]

[jɒː.væ.ɹíː]


حاکم

head

حاکم • (hâkem) (plural حاکمان (hâkemân) or حاکمها (hâkem-hâ))

hâkem (romanization)
حاکمان (plural)
حاکمها (plural)


یاور

یاور • (yâvar)

fa-noun

یاور • (yâvar)

→ Azerbaijani: yavər

→ Urdu: یاور (yāor)

→ Turkish: yaver

Akin to Parthian ʾdyʾwr (/aδyāwar/, “helper, friend”).


یوم

→ Urdu: یوم (yaum)

→ Hindi: यौम (yaum), इय्याम (iyyām)

(rare) aeon; epoch; period; age; era; (usually in the plural)


بعد

head

بعد • (bo'd) (plural ابعاد (ab'âd) or بعدها (bo'd-hâ))

bo'd (romanization)
ابعاد (plural)
بعدها (plural)


ادب‌ها

ادبها (canonical)
adab-hâ (romanization)


تنهایی

تنهایی • (tanhâyi)

fa-noun

تنهایی • (tanhâyi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तनहाई (tanhāī)

Urdu: تنہائی (tanhāī)


عصر

head

عَصْر • (asr) (plural عصرها (asr-hâ) or اعصار (a'sâr))

عَصْر (canonical)
asr (romanization)
عصرها (plural)
اعصار (plural)

→ Bengali: আসর (aśor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अस्र (asra)

Urdu: عَصْر ('asr)

عصر باستان


زیبایی

زیبایی • (zibâyi)

fa-noun

زیبایی • (zibâyi)


آشنا

head

آشنا • (âšnâ or âšenâ) (plural آشنایان (âšnâyân) or آشناها (âšnâ-hâ))

âšnâ (romanization)
âšenâ (romanization)
آشنایان (plural)
آشناها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: aşna

→ Bashkir: әшнә (əşnə)

→ Gujarati: આશના (āśanā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आशना (āśnā)

desc

Urdu: آشْنا (āśnā)

Urdu: آشْنا (āśnā)

→ Khalaj: âşnâ

→ Tatar: әшнә (äşnä)

[ʔɑː.ʃi.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɔː.ʃi.nɔː]

[ʔɒː.ʃe.nɒː]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾšnwʾk' /āšnāg/, “known”), ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Note also Old Persian [script needed] (ašnaiy, “near”). Possibly akin to Old Armenian Աշնակ (Ašnak, a male given name). Related to شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know, to be acquainted with”).

cog

مغبچهای میگذشت راهزن دین و دل، در پی آن آشنا از همه بیگانه شد.

late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “زاهد خلوتنشین دوش به میخانه شد”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

A Magian child was passing by, [that] bandit of faith and hearts; to follow that friendly one, he stopped knowing anyone else.

moğ-bačče-ye mi-gozašt râhzan-e din o del, dar pey-e ân âšnâ az hame bigâne šod.


بشر

head

بَشَر • (bašar)

fa-noun

بَشَر • (bašar)


کابوس

head

کابوس • (kâbus) (plural کابوسها (kâbus-hâ))


عود

→ Gujarati: ઊદ (ūda)

Borrowed from Arabic عُود (ʕūd, “aromatic wood”).


عود

Borrowed from Arabic عُود (ʕūd, “wood; lute”).


تعلق

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताल्लुक़ (tālluq)

Urdu: تَعَلُّق (ta'alluq)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੱਲਕ (tallak)

Shahmukhi script: تَعلَّق (tallaq)

[t̪ʰɑːäl.lʊ́q]

[t̪ʰæ.ʔæl.lóɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic تَعَلُّق (taʕalluq).

کاین تعلق چیست با این خاکمان / چون سرشت ما بده ست از آسمان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2661:

Marvelling what connexion we had with this dust, inasmuch as our nature is of heaven.

k-īn ta'alluq čīst bā īn xākimān / čūn sirist-i mā buda-st az āsmān

belonging, attachment, dependence, connection


شیش‌کباب

head

شیشکباب • (šiš-kebâb)

fa-noun

شیشکباب • (šiš-kebâb)

شیشکباب (canonical)
šiš-kebâb (romanization)


ژیوه

head

ژیوه • (žive)

fa-noun

ژیوه • (žive)

جیوه جیوه#Persian


جیوه

→ Azerbaijani: civə

→ Ottoman Turkish: جیوه (cive, cıva)

→ Turkish: cıva

From a hypothetical Middle Persian [script needed] (zywk' /*zīwag/, “mercury”), whence also Classical Syriac ܙܝܘܓ (zīwag). From Middle Persian [script needed] (zy(w)ndk' /zīndag, zīwandāg, zībandāg/, “living”), from [script needed] (zyw /*zīwa-,*zība-/, “live”), from Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /jīva/), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós. Compare semantically Latin argentum vivum, Serbo-Croatian živa and English quick and quicksilver. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian սնդիկ (sndik), Arabic زِئْبَق (ziʔbaq, “mercury”).


ارم

Middle Persian [script needed] (arm), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HrHma-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rH-mo-. Cognate to Sanskrit ईर्म (īrma), Armenian արմունկ (armunk, “elbow”), Latin armus, Old Church Slavonic рамо (ramo) and Old English earm (English arm).


هوس

→ Armenian: հավես (haves)

→ Bengali: হাউস (haus)

→ Gujarati: હવસ (havas)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हवस (havas)

Urdu: ہَوَس (havas)

→ Marathi: हौस (haus)

→ Punjabi: havas

Gurmukhi script: ਹਵਸ

Shahmukhi script: ہَوَس

هوس را با عشق اشتباه نکن.

گر چه از خاطر وحشی هوس روی تو رفت
وز دلش آرزوی قامت دلجوی تو رفت
شد دلآزرده و آزردهدل از کوی تو رفت
با دل پر گله از ناخوشی خوی تو رفت

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “شرح پریشانی”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

Although the lust for your face has left Vahshī’s mind
And the desire for your comforting stature has left his heart
Vexed, he has left your street with a sore heart
He has left with lips full of complaint at your ill behavior.

gar či az xâtir-i wahšî hawas-i rôy-i tu raft
w-az dil-aš ârzû-yi qâmat-i diljôy-i tu raft
šud dil-âzarda u âzarda-dil az kôy-i tu raft
bâ lab-i pur gila az nâxwašî-yi xôy-i tu raft

violent desire; lust; passion; shallow love

جوانی معجب، خیرهرایی، سرتیز، سبکپای که هر دم هوشی دزد و هر لحظه رایی زند […]

1258, Shaykh Muṣliḥ-ud-Dīn Saʿdī of Shiraz, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston, The Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa’di: Bilingual English and Persian Edition with Vocabulary, Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, published 2008, →ISBN, page 125:

a conceited young man, self-willed, hot-headed, and light-footed, who entertains a different whim every moment and a different notion every instant […]

jawānē mu'jib, xīra-rāy, sar-tēz, sabuk-pāy ki har dam hawasē pazad u har lahza rāyē zanad […]

capricious desire; temporary desire; whim


اتفاق

head

اتفاق • (ettefâq) (plural اتفاقها (ettefâq-hâ) or اتفاقات (ettefâqât))

ettefâq (romanization)
اتفاقها (plural)
اتفاقات (plural)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq).
Sense 5 in Dari is a semantic borrowing from Indo-Persian.

ref

Iranica

“KĀBOLI”, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, volume XV, ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA FOUNDATION, 2013 February 12, pages 276-280


ژاندرم

head

ژاندرم • (žândarm) (plural ژاندرمها (žândarm-hâ))

žândarm (romanization)
ژاندرمها (plural)

[ʒɒːn̪.d̪ǽɹm]


ژکفری

[ʒäk.fä.ɾíː]

[ʒäk.fä.ɾíː]

[ʒäk.fä.ɾíː]

[ʒækʲ.fæ.ɹíː]


ژرفا

ژرفا • (žarfâ)

fa-noun

ژرفا • (žarfâ)


ژاژومک

head

ژاژومک • (žâžumak)

fa-noun

ژاژومک • (žâžumak)

[ʒɒː.ʒuː.mǽkʲ]

According to Dehkhoda, the people of Termez used this to refer to beans.

چنان باشد که برنج و ماش و مرجومک و ژاژومک و نخود و در هم ریزند

(Can we date this quote?), Nader Mirza Qajar, edited by Nazila Nazemi, کارنامۀ خورش [Workbook of stew], page 71:

It is such that rice, mung bean, lentil, beans and peas are mixed together

čenân bâšad ke berenj u mâš va marjumak u žâžumak u noxod u dar ham rizand

نکته جالب در متن نادر میرزا استفاده از کلمه «ژاژومک» به جای لوبیا است.

2022 December 25, “دستور پخت قورمه سبزی در زمان قاجار - ریشه ضربالمثل «کلهات بوی قورمه سبزی میدهد» از کجاست؟ - میوه به این شهر در زمان قاجار معروف بود”, in Hamshahri Online, retrieved 2023-05-08:

An interesting point in Nader Mirza's text is the use of the word "žâžumak" instead of "lǒbiyâ."

nokte-ye jâleb dar matne nâder mirzâ estefâde az kalame-ye "žâžumak" be jâ-ye lǒbiyâ ast.


اغتشاش

head

اغتشاش • (eğtešâš) (plural اغتشاشات (eğtešâšât) or اغتشاشها (eğtešâš-hâ))

eğtešâš (romanization)
اغتشاشات (plural)
اغتشاشها (plural)

uder

Arabic إِغْتِشَاش (ʔiḡtišāš)


آفتابه

head

آفتابه • (âftâbe)

fa-noun

آفتابه • (âftâbe)

→ Azerbaijani: aftafa

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɔːf.t̪ʰɔː.bä]

From آب (âb) + تابه (tâbe). With تابه (tâbe) having the more general sense of “vessel” instead of the usual meaning of “pan”.


ایوان

head

ایوان • (eyvân) (plural ایوانها (eyvân-hâ))

Tajik: айвон (ayvon)

→ Arabic: إيوان (ʔīwān)

→ English: iwan, liwan

→ Armenian: այվան (ayvan)

→ Azerbaijani: eyvan

→ Georgian: აივანი (aivani)

→ Gujarati: ઐવાન (aivān), એવાન (evān)

→ Kazakh: айуан (aiuan)

→ Kurdish:

desc

Northern Kurdish: eywan, êwan, (less commonly) heywan, hêwan

Central Kurdish: ئەیوان (aywān), ئێوان (ēwān)

→ Kyrgyz: айван (ayvan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ऐवान (aivān)

Urdu: ایوان (aivān)

→ Old Azari: ایوان (/aywān/)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایوان (eyvan)
Turkish: eyvan
→ Armenian: էյվան (ēyvan)

→ Russian: айван (ajvan)

→ Belarusian: айван (ajvan)

desc

→ Ukrainian: айва́н (ajván), ейван (ejvan)

→ Uzbek: ayvon

→ Zazaki: eywan (/aywān/)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾdywn' /ēwan/, “stalk, trunk”) Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫀𐫀𐫏𐫇𐫗 (ʾʾywn /āywan/, “palace”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (apadāna).


افسانه

head

اَفْسانِه • (afsâne) (plural افسانهها (afsâne-hâ))

اَفْسانِه (canonical)
afsâne (romanization)
افسانهها (plural)
افسانه (singular)
afsâné (singular)
افسانهها (plural)
afsâne-hấ (plural)
افسانها (colloquial plural)
afsâneấ (plural)
افسانه را (definite direct-object singular)
afsâné râ (definite direct-object singular)
افسانه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
afsâná ro (definite direct-object singular)
افسانهها را (definite direct-object plural)
afsâne-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
افسانها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
afsâneấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
افسانهٔ (ezafe singular)
afsâné-ye (ezafe singular)
افسانههای (ezafe plural)
afsâne-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
افسانهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
afsâneấ-ye (ezafe plural)
افسانهای (definite relative singular)
افسانهای (indefinite singular stressed)
afsâné-i (definite relative singular)
afsâné-i (indefinite singular stressed)
افسانههایی (definite plural relative)
افسانههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
afsâne-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
afsâne-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
افسانهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
افسانهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
afsâneấ-yi (definite plural relative)
afsâneấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
افسانهام (first-person possessive singular)
afsâné-am (first-person possessive singular)
افسانم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
afsânám (first-person possessive singular)
افسانههایم (first-person possessive singular)
afsâne-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
افسانههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
afsâneấm (first-person possessive singular)
افسانهات (possessive second-person singular)
afsâné-at (possessive second-person singular)
افسانت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
afsânát (possessive second-person singular)
افسانههایت (possessive second-person singular)
afsâne-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
افسانههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
afsâneất (possessive second-person singular)
افسانهاش (possessive singular third-person)
afsâné-aš (possessive singular third-person)
افسانش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
afsânáš (possessive singular third-person)
افسانههایش (possessive singular third-person)
afsâne-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
افسانههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
afsâneấš (possessive singular third-person)
افسانهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(afsâné-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
افسانهمون، افسانمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
afsânámun (first-person plural possessive)
افسانههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
afsâne-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
افسانههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
afsâneấmun (first-person plural possessive)
افسانهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(afsâné-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
افسانهتون، افسانتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
afsânátun (plural possessive second-person)
افسانههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
afsâne-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
افسانههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
afsâneấtun (plural possessive second-person)
افسانهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(afsâné-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
افسانهشون، افسانشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
afsânášun (plural possessive third-person)
افسانههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
afsâne-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
افسانههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
afsâneấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Armenian: ավսա̈նա̈ (avsänä)

→ Azerbaijani: əfsanə

→ Gujarati: અફસાના (aphasānā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अफ़साना (afsānā)

Urdu: اَفْسانَہ (afsāna)

→ Kazakh: әпсана (äpsana)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسانه (efsâne), فسانه (fesâne)

Turkish: efsane

→ Pashto: افسانه (afsāná)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਫ਼ਸਾਨਾ (afasānā), ਅਫਸਾਨਾ (aphasānā)

Shahmukhi script: اَفْسانَہ (afsānah)

→ Uyghur: ئەپسانە (epsane)

→ Uzbek: afsona

Inherited from Middle Persian [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ʾfsʾnk /afsānag/, “fable”).

inh+

هزار افسانه

به ایران میبرد افسانه هندوستان بلبل

c. 1650, Čandra Bhān, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan]:

Nightingale, carry this tale of Hindustan to Iran

be irân mi-barad afsâne-ye hendustân bolbol

مادر شت زرتشت به رمز و اشارات است از آنکه نزد عوام افسانه که در دور از عقل باشد شکوهمند است.

c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:

The essential ideas of the honorable Zoroaster are in riddles and allegories, since fables, though they may be removed from reason, seem splendid to the common folk.

mâdar-e šat zartošt be ramz va ešârât ast az ân-ke nazd-e 'avâm afsâne ke dar dur az 'aql bâšad šokuhmand ast.


اعتبار

head

اعتبار • (e'tebâr)

fa-noun

اعتبار • (e'tebâr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: एतबार (etbār), ऐतबार (aitbār)

Urdu: اعتبار (iʻtibār)

[ʔiʔ.ti.ˈβɑːɾ]

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔeː.t̪ʰi.bɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔeʔ.t̪ʰe.bɒ́ːɹ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِبَار (iʕtibār).

bor+

کسی قول قرآن کند اعتبار
همان روز آخر شود مردخوار

1705, Guru Gobind Singh, “verse 15”, in ظفرنامه [Zafarnama]:

Whoever puts stock in a vow [made] on the Qur'an
Will be a wretched man on the final day.

kasē qawl-i qur'ān kunad i'tibār
hamān rōz-i āxar šawad mard-i xwār


اعتراض

head

اعتراض • (e'terâz) (plural اعتراضات (e'terâzât) or اعتراضها (e'terâz-hâ))

e'terâz (romanization)
اعتراضات (plural)
اعتراضها (plural)

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]

[ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]

[ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِرَاض (iʕtirāḍ).


دخت

From Middle Persian BRTE, dwht' (duxt), from Proto-Iranian *dúgdā. Doublet of دختر (doxtar), which is from the (early) Middle Persian oblique case, while دخت is from the direct case.


خوهر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwah(ar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swasar-, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


ارادت

head

ارادت • (erâdat)

fa-noun

ارادت • (erâdat)

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʔi.ɾɔː.d̪ǽt̪]

[ʔe.ɹɒː.d̪ǽt̪]

you're welcome (ritual reply to "Thank you")


لور

whey cheese, a dairy product made of whey


وعده

head

وعده • (va'de) (plural وعدهها (va'de-hâ))

→ Bengali: ওয়াদা (ōẇada)

→ Gujarati: વાયદો (vāyado)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वादा (vādā)

Urdu: وَعدَہ (va’dah)

→ Marathi: वायदा (vāydā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਅਦਾ (vāadā), ਵਾਇਦਾ (vāidā)

Shahmukhi script: وَعدَہ (vaʻdah)

desc

→ Sindhi: واعِدو

→ Sindhi: واعِدو

Etymology tree
Arabic وَعْدَة (waʕda)bor.
Persian وعدهBorrowed from Arabic وَعْدَة (waʕda).

etymon

زانک شاکر را زیادت وعده است / آنچنانک قرب مزد سجده است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 10:

For to him that gives thanks increase is promised, just as nighness [unto God] is the reward for prostration [in the ritual prayer].

z-ân ke šâker-râ ziyâdat va'de ast / ânčonân ke qorb mozd-e sajde ast


اراده

head

اراده • (erâde) (plural ارادهها (erâde-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इरादा (irādā)

Urdu: اِرَادَہ (irāda)

[ʔi.ɾɑː.ˈða]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔi.ɾɔː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔe.ɹɒː.d̪é]


ضرورت

→ Bengali: জরুরত (jorurot)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रूरत (zarūrat)

Urdu: ضرورت (zarūrat)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤ (zarūrat)

Shahmukhi script: ضرورت (zarūrat)

→ Sindhi: ضرورت


آهو

آهو • (âhu) (plural آهوان (âhovân) or آهوها (âhuhâ))

âhu (romanization)
آهوان (plural)
آهوها (plural)

→ Gujarati: આહૂ (āhū)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/āhūg/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱus (“sharp, swift”). Cognates with Northern Kurdish ask and Baluchi آسک (ásk).


آهو

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (åhú)

→ Gujarati: આહૂ (āhū)

→ Kermanic:

Gazi: [script needed] (åhū)

Kafroni: [script needed] (åvī́)

Kesehi: [script needed] (ā̊hṻ)

Natanzi: [script needed] (åvī́)

Qohrudi: [script needed] (åhū́)

Vonishuni: [script needed] (åhū́)

Sedehi: [script needed] (åhū́)

Zefrehi: [script needed] (åhṻ)

→ Urdu: آہو (āhū)

→ Lasgerdi: [script needed] (āhú)

→ Ormuri: [script needed] (āū)

→ Parachi: āhū́

→ Sarikoli: [script needed] (āhu)

→ Semnani: āhú

→ Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (ā̊hū̆)

→ Sivandi: [script needed] (āhū)

→ Sorkhei: [script needed] (ahü)

→ Turkish: Ahu

→ English: ahu

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
دو گوش و دو پای من آهو گرفت / تهیدستی و سال نیرو گرفت
do guš o do pâye man âhu gereft / tohidasti yo sâl niru gereft
My both ears and legs (my body) have grown faulty / and destitution and the old age emerged instead!


نر

→ Armenian: նառ (naṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: nər

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نر (ner)
Turkish: ner

→ Turkmen: ner, iner

→ Urdu: نر (nar)

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭪𐭫 (ZKL), 𐭭𐭫 (nl /nar/, “male”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.
Cognate with Pashto نر (nar, nër), Ossetian нӕл (næl), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), and Sanskrit नर (nara).

buck; male deer, goat, sheep, rabbit, hare

the middle branch from which others spring


روح

head

روح • (ruh) (plural ارواح (arvâh) or روحها (ruh-hâ))

ruh (romanization)
ارواح (plural)
روحها (plural)

→ Gujarati: રૂહ (rūh)

روح با علم است و با عقل است یار
روح را با تازی و ترکی چه کار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 56:

The Spirit is associated (endued) with knowledge and reason:
what has the Spirit to do with Arabic and Turkish?

rūh bā 'ilm u bā 'aql ast yār
rūh rā bā tāzī u turkī či kār


عبد

عَبْد (canonical)
'abd (romanization)
عباد (plural)


نارنگ

نارنگ • (nârang)

fa-noun

نارنگ • (nârang)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: νεράντζιον (nerántzion), νεράντζιν (nerántzin), νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi), ἐράντζι (erántzi)
Greek: νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi)
Pontic Greek: νεράντζιν (nerántzin), αναράντζιν (anarántzin), ανάραντζιν (anárantzin), αναράντζ' (anarántz') — Trapezounta, αραράντζι (ararántzi), νεράντζι (nerántzi) — Oinoe
→ Laz: არანძი (aranżi), არარანცი (araranʒi) — Khopa, ანძი (anżi) — Vitse
→ Middle Armenian: նարանճ (naranč)
→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→ Azerbaijani: narınc
→ Gujarati: નારંજ (nārañj)
→ Middle Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
→ Portuguese: laranja
→ Spanish: naranja
→ Alcozauca Mixtec: láxa
→ Guaraní: narã
→ Italian: narancia
→ Hungarian: narancs
⇒ Italian: arancia
→ Old Occitan: auranja
Occitan: irange
→ Old French: orenge, orange
Middle French: orange, orenge
French: orange (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: orenge, arange, araunge, orange, orynge
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
Scots: orange, oranger
Norman: orange
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: naraankas
→ Tagalog: narangha
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alöxöx
→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: naranja
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارنج (narenc, narenç)
Turkish: narenc
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: nàrānča, nàrāndža
Cyrillic script: на̀ра̄нча, на̀ра̄нџа

[nɒː.ɹǽŋɡʲ̥]

From Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”).


آرزو

head

آرزو • (âr(e)zu or âr(i)zô) (plural آرزوها (âr(e)zu-hâ))

→ Bengali: আরজু (arzu)

→ Gujarati: આરજૂ (ārajū)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आरज़ू (ārzū)

Urdu: آرْزُو (ārzū)

→ Khalaj: ârızu

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آرزو (ārzū)
Turkish: arzu

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਰਜ਼ੂ (ārazū)

Shahmukhi script: آرْزُو (ārzū)

→ Uyghur: ئارزۇ (arzu)

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zóː]

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zúː]

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zóː]

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zúː]

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zóː]

[ʔɑː.ɾɪ.zúː]

[ʔɔː.ɾi.zʊ́ː]

[ʔɒː.ɹe.zúː]

From Middle Persian ʾlcwk (ārzōg, “desire, lust”).

der

همچنان که آرزوی سود هست
آرزوی مرگ بردن ز آن به است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3969:

Even as there is desire for profit,
the desire to win death is better than that.

hamčunān ki ārzō-i sud hast
ārzō-i marg burdan za ān bih ast


پاشنا

head

پاشنا • (pâšnâ)

fa-noun

پاشنا • (pâšnâ)

[pʰɑːʃ.nɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːʃ.nɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːʃ.nɑ́ː]

[pʰɔːʃ.nɔ́ː]

[pʰɒːʃ.nɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pāšnag), from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”).

a cucumber, melon, or pumpkin kept for seed


آدر

head

آدر • (âdar)

fa-noun

آدر • (âdar)


اسپ

→ Gujarati: અસપ (asap)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭮𐭥𐭮𐭩𐭠 (sʿsyʾ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /aspa/, “horse”).

inh+

Dari standard spelling of اسب (asb, “horse”).


تندر

tondar (romanization)
tondor (romanization)

Urdu: تندر (tundar)

[t̪ʰʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ]

[t̪ʰʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tndr /tundar, tundur/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stánati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂-.
Cognate with Parthian [Manichaean needed] (tndwr /tandur/), Sogdian [script needed] (twntr /tundar/), Sanskrit स्तनति (stanati, “to resound; to thunder”), English thunder.


حواری

head

حواری • (havâri) (plural حواریون (havâriyun))

→ Urdu: حَوَاری (havārī)

[hä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[hä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[hæ.vɒː.ɹíː]

Borrowed from Arabic حَوَارِيّ (ḥawāriyy), from Ge'ez ሐዋርያ (ḥäwarəya, “traveller; messenger, envoy; apostle”).

der

(Christianity, Islam) apostle (of Jesus)


نبرد

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nplt' /nipart/), derived via well-known prefix ni- from the stem of the verb which is in Neo-Persian بردن (burdan).


جواب

head

جواب • (javâb) (plural جوابها (javâb-hâ) or جوابات (javâbât))

javâb (romanization)
جوابها (plural)
جوابات (plural)

Tajik: жавоб (žavob)

→ Adyghe: джэуап (džɛwap)

→ Baluchi: جواب (jawáb)

→ Bashkir: яуап (yawap)

→ Bengali: জবাব (jobab)

→ Dhivehi: ޖަވާބު (javābu)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जवाब (javāb)

Urdu: جَوَاب (javāb)

→ Kazakh: жауап (jauap)

→ Khalaj: cəvâb

→ Kyrgyz: жооп (joop)

→ Ossetian: дзуапп (ʒwapp)

→ Nogai: явап (yavap)

→ Pashto: جواب (ǰawãb), ځواب (jwāb)

→ Northern Luri: جڤۋ (jevü)

→ Punjabi: ਜਵਾਬ (javāb)

→ Tatar: җавап (cawap)

→ Turkmen: jogap

→ Telugu: జవాబు (javābu)

→ Uyghur: جاۋاب (jawab), جاۋاپ (jawap)

→ Uzbek: javob

→ West Coast Bajau: jawap

[d͡ʒa.ˈwɑːβ]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.wɔ́ːb̥]

[d͡ʒæ.vɒ́ːb̥]

جواب قانع کننده نتوانست بدهد.

javâb-e qâne' konande natvânest bedahad.


آبچین

آبچین • (âbčin) (plural آبچینها (âbčin-hâ))

→ Urdu: آبچین (ābcīn)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈt͡ʃiːn]

[ʔɑːb.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔɑːb.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔɑːb.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔɔːb.t͡ʃʰín]

[ʔɒːb.t͡ʃʰíːn]

[ʔɔb.t͡ʃʰín]


پارس

پارس • (pârs)

fa-noun

پارس • (pârs)

From a Turkic source. Compare Turkish pars. Doublet of پلنگ (palang).

an animal smaller than a leopard and trained to hunt


پارس

head

پارس • (pârs)

fa-noun

پارس • (pârs)

Related to Persian پاس (pâs, “guard, watch”).


بابک

head

بابک • (bâbak)

fa-noun

بابک • (bâbak)

Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭯𐭪𐭩 (Pābag), itself from Old Iranian *Pāpaka-, composed of *Pāpa- (“father”) + *-ka- (hypocoristic suffix).


نوا

head

نوا • (navâ)

fa-noun

نوا • (navâ)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwʾk' /niwāg/). Compare Old Armenian նուագ (nuag), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

دستگاه نوا ― dastgâh-e navâ ― The mode of Nava, the dastgah of Nava

دستگاه دستگاه#Persian

The name of a mode (دستگاه (dastgâh)) in Persian classical music.


نوا

head

نوا • (navâ)

fa-noun

نوا • (navâ)


شرط

head

شرط • (šart) (plural شرایط (šarâyet) or شرطها (šart-hâ))

šart (romanization)
شرایط (plural)
شرطها (plural)

→ Bashkir: шарт (şart)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शर्त (śart)

Urdu: شرط (śart)

→ Kazakh: шарт (şart)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਰਤ (śarat)

Shahmukhi script: شرط (śart)

شرایط زندگی

دست و آلت همچو سنگ و آهن است
جفت باید جفت شرط زادن است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 309:

Hand and tool are as stone and iron;
there must be a pair: a pair is the condition for bringing to birth.

dast u ālat hamčō sang u āhan ast
juft bāyad juft šart-i zādan ast


باجی

باجی • (bâji)

fa-noun

باجی • (bâji)

→ Gujarati: બાજી (bājī)

→ Khalaj: bâcı

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बाजी (bājī)

Urdu: باجی (bājī)

→ Punjabi: باجی (bājī)

[bɑː.ˈd͡ʒiː]

Borrowed from Turkic, compare Turkish bacı.


تم

Middle Persian [script needed] (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Iranian *támHah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).

der

a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil


هم‌جنس‌گرا

همجنسگرا همجنسگرا#Persian


روزگار

ruzgâr (romanization)
ruzegâr (romanization)

→ Bengali: রোজগার (rōjgar)

→ Gujarati: રોજગાર (rojgār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रोज़गार (rozgār)

Urdu: روزگار (rozgār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: روزگار
Turkish: rüzgâr

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰ (ruzgār)

Shahmukhi script: روزگار (ruzgār)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (rōzkār, “day, a day's work”), from 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz [YWM], “day”), from Old Persian [script needed] (raučah-, “day”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”) + [script needed] (kār).


هذر

From Middle Persian ʾwdlk' (udrag, “otter”). Perhaps related to هودر (hudar, “ugly person”), a possible doublet.


آرامگاه

head

آرامگاه • (ârâmgâh) (plural آرامگاهها (ârâmgâh-hâ))

ârâmgâh (romanization)
آرامگاهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: આરામગાહ (ārāmgāh)

desc

→ Urdu: آرام گاہ (ārām gāh, “bedroom, place of rest”)

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːm.ˈɡɑːh]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːm.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːm.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːm.ɡɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.ɾɔːm.ɡɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.ɹɒːm.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[ʔɔ.ɾɔm.ɡɔ́ʱ]

af

آرام (ârâm) + ـگاه (gâh)


آشتی

head

آشتی • (âšti)

fa-noun

آشتی • (âšti)

[ʔɑːʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[ʔɑːʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[ʔɑːʃ.t̪ʰíː]

[ʔɒːʃ.t̪ʰíː]

From Middle Persian ʾštyh (āštīh). Akin to Old Armenian հաշտ (hašt), an Iranian borrowing. See them for more.


جامه

→ Azerbaijani: camə

→ Bengali: জামা (jama)

→ Chagatai: جامه

Uzbek: joma

→ English: jam (“child's frock”)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जामा (jāmā)

Urdu: جامہ (jāma)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جامه (came)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਮਾ (jāmā)

Shahmukhi script: جامہ (jāma)

From Middle Persian yʾmk' (jāmag), from Proto-Iranian *yām- (“to hold”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yámas, *yam- (“to hold”), from Proto-Indo-European *yém-o-s, from *yem- (“to hold”), see also Sanskrit यम् (yam, “to sustain”). Compare Old Armenian վարշամակ (varšamak).


احتمال

head

اِحتِمال • (ehtemâl) (plural اِحتِمالات (ehtemâlât))

اِحتِمال (canonical)
ehtemâl (romanization)
اِحتِمالات (plural)

[ʔɪh.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːl]

[ʔɪh.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːl]

[ʔɪh.t̪ʰɪ.mɑ́ːl]

Borrowed from Arabic اِحْتِمَال (iḥtimāl).

bor+

گفت چون وهم است ما هر دو یکایم، در مقام احتمال و در شکایم.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 3053:

He said, “Since it is [a matter of] opinion, we are both the same: we are [equally] exposed to probability and doubt.

goft čon vahm ast mâ har do yek-im, dar maqâm-e ehtemâl o dar šakk-im.


پیشگیر

head

پیشگیر • (pêš-gir)

fa-noun

پیشگیر • (pêš-gir)

→ Azerbaijani: peşkir (dialectal)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیشگیر (pîşgîr), پشگیر (peşgir), پشكیر (peşkir), پشكر (peşker)
Turkish: peşkir, dialectally also peşgir, peşker
→ Albanian: peshqir, peshkir — Gheg, peshir — Gheg
→ Arabic: بَشْكِير (baškīr)
→ Bulgarian: пешки́р (peškír)
→ Greek: πεσκίρι (peskíri)
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: pêjgîr, pêşkîr
→ Macedonian: пешкир (peškir)
→ Romanian: peșchir
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пѐшкӣр
Latin script: pèškīr

→ Zazaki: pésger

[peːʃ.ˈɡiːɾ]

[pʰeːʃ.ɡíːɾ]

[pʰeːʃ.ɡíːɾ]

[pʰeːʃ.ɡíːɾ]

[pʰiːʃ.ɡʲíːɹ]


مزه

→ Assamese: মজা (moza)

→ Azerbaijani: məzə

→ Bengali: মজা (moja)

→ Gujarati: મજા (majā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मज़ा (mazā)

Urdu: مزہ (maza)

→ Kazakh: маза (maza)

→ Marathi: मजा (majā)

→ Middle Armenian: մազայ (mazay)

→ Middle Georgian: მაზა (maza)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مزه (meze)

Turkish: meze

→ Arabic: مَزَّة (mazza)

→ Albanian: meze

→ Aromanian: mize

→ Bulgarian: мезе́ (mezé)

→ Greek: μεζές (mezés)

→ English: meze

→ Macedonian: мезе (meze)

→ Romanian: meze

→ Serbo-Croatian: mèze / мѐзе

→ Punjabi: ਮਜਾ (majā)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (myck', m(y)ck' /mizag/, “taste”), a derivative of Proto-Iranian *mak- (“to suck”), which is perhaps a semantic extension of Proto-Iranian *mak- (“to wet, moisten”) reinforced by sound-symbolism, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂k- (“to moisten”). In this case, cognate with Proto-Slavic *močìti (“to wet”); see there for more cognates. For a semantic parallel between "consuming" and "wettening", compare Lithuanian válgyti (“to eat”).

der

.مزهی این سیب ترش است
maze-ye in sib torš ast.
This apple tastes sour.

literally, “The flavor of this apple is sour”

a snack; a morsel taken after drinking liquor.


עלם

וֿלי כֿייר וצוֿאב ועלם תורה
רוֿד המראה וֿיי תא נזד יך תא

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

But kindness, good deeds and the knowledge of the Torah
Will accompany him all the way to God.

vali xeyr o savâb o elm-e torâ
ravad hamrâh-e vey tâ nazd-e yek tâ


غار

Etymology tree
Arabic غَار (ḡār)bor.
Persian غارBorrowed from Arabic غَار (ḡār).

etymon

هیچ از گفتن عنان واپس کشید، هیچ اندر غار خاموشی خزید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 11:

Did he ever pull back the rein of speech? Did he ever creep into the cave of silence?

hič az goftan 'enân vâpas kašid, hič andar ğâr-e xâmuši xazid


غار

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


سرب

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (slwp /srub/, “lead”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sьrebro.


فائده

head

فائده • (fâ'ede)

fa-noun

فائده • (fâ'ede)

[fɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ǽ]

[fɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ǽ]

فایده فایده#Persian


فایده

head

فایده • (fâyede) (plural فواید (favâyed) or فایدهها (fâyede-hâ))

fâyede (romanization)
فواید (plural)
فایدهها (plural)

→ Bashkir: файҙа (fayźa)

→ Chuvash: пайта (pajt̬a)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ायदा (fāydā)

Urdu: فَایِدَہ (fāyida)

→ Karaim: файда

→ Tatar: файда (fayda), fayda

→ Turkmen: peýda

→ Uyghur: پايدا (payda)

→ Uzbek: foyda

→ Zazaki: fayde

سوم روز احمد ارسلان گفت: زندگانی خداوند دراز باد، آنچه تقدیر است ناچار بباشد، در غمناک بودن بس فایده نیست.

c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

On the third day, Ahmad Arslān said: "May my lord's life be long! What is preordained is unavoidable. There is no use in being sad any longer."

siwum rōz ahmad-i arslān guft: zindagānī-yi xudāwand darāz bād, ānči taqdīr ast nāčār bibāšad, dar ğamnāk budan bas fāyida nēst.

فایده نباشد از رفتن که راهها ناایمن شده است و تنها نباید رفت که خللی افتد.

There appears to be no benefit to going forth, since the roads have become unsafe, and one must not go alone lest a danger befall them.

fāyida na-bāšad az raftan ki rāh-hā nā-ēman šuda ast u tanhā na-bāyad raft ki xalalē uftad.


خطه

خِطَّه (canonical)
xette (romanization)
خطط (plural)

→ Gujarati: ખિત્તા (khittā)

→ Urdu: خِطَّہ (xitta)


شیطانه

شیطانه • (šeytâne)

fa-noun

شیطانه • (šeytâne)

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑː.nä]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑː.nä]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑː.nä]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔː.nä]

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَانَة (šayṭāna), female equivalent of شَيْطَان (šayṭān).

bor+

شیطان شیطان#Persian


انوار

head

انوار • (anvâr)


کول

From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /kōl/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).
The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).


زه

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭩𐭧 (zyḥ /zīh/). Cognate with Avestan 𐬲𐬌𐬌𐬁 (žiiā, “bow-string”) , Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Old Church Slavonic жила (žila), Lithuanian gýsla, Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil) and Sanskrit ज्या (jyā́).

cog

string (of a musical stringed instrument)


زه

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”). Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀 (ząθa, “birth”), Sanskrit ज (ja, “son of, birth”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “procreation”).


زه

Inherited from Middle Persian *zah, attested in [script needed] (zhʾpk' /zahābag/, “spring, source”). Compare also [script needed] (zhʾk' /zahā/, “depth”).


اشنان

head

اشنان • (ošnân)

fa-noun

اشنان • (ošnân)

A saponin-containing “washing-herb”, a derivative of the root Proto-Iranian *snaH- (“to wash, swim”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”). Borrowed from Middle Iranian also into Old Armenian աւշնան (awšnan) and Arabic أُشْنَان (ʔušnān). The preverb participating in the derivation is disputed. Old Armenian աւշնան (awšnan) points to *Habí-, whereas the Persian itself is more easily explainable from *uc-.
Related to Persian اشنه (ošne, “moss”), which is reflected as Classical Syriac ܫܢܬܐ (šanṯā, “moss, lichen”) and Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna, “moss, lichen”). شنان (šenân) supposedly means “horehound” as does شنار (šenâr). Note Arabic شَنَان (šanān, “raft”) and شَنّ (šann), شَنّة (šanna, “water-skin; dried herb”).

cog

Arabic أُشْنَان (ʔušnān)


غربال

head

غربال • (ğarbâl)

fa-noun

غربال • (ğarbâl)

→ Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)

→ Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)

→ Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلبور, قالبور (kalbur)
Turkish: kalbur
→ Armenian: խալպուր (xalpur)
→ Persian: قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
→ Russian: халбу́р (xalbúr) (19th-century argot)

→ Turkmen: galbir

→ Uyghur: غەلۋىر (ghelwir)

→ Uzbek: gʻalvir

Borrowed from Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl), from Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא / ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā), assumed to be from Hurrian.

der

Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא

sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter


دوشیزه

head

دوشیزه • (dušize)

fa-noun

دوشیزه • (dušize)


شبح

شبح اپرا


شناسنامه

head

شناسنامه • (šenâsnâme) (plural شناسنامهها (šenâsnâme-hâ))

šenâsnâme (romanization)
شناسنامهها (plural)


فرهنگنامه

فرهنگنامه • (farhangnâme) (plural فرهنگنامهها (farhangnâme-hâ))

farhangnâme (romanization)
فرهنگنامهها (plural)


دانشنامه

دانِشْنامِه • (dânešnâme) (plural دانشنامهها (dânešnâme-hâ))

دانِشْنامِه (canonical)
dânešnâme (romanization)
دانشنامهها (plural)

From دانِش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + نامِه (nâme, “book [of]”).


فقاع

فقاع مانند شراب از نجاسات دهگانه بوده و نوشیدن آن حرام است.

Beer, like wine, is one of the ten najis substances and drinking it is haram.

foqqâ' mânand-e šarâb az nejâsât-e dah-gâne bude va nušidan-e ân harâm ast.

هیچ کسی را زهره نبود که شراب خورد و فقاع هم نخوردندی که گفتندی مست کننده است و مستحیل شده.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

Nobody had the gall to drink wine, and they did not drink beer either because it was said to be intoxicating and was banned.

hēč kasē rā zahra na-būd ki šarāb xwarad u fuqqā' ham na-xwardandē ki guftandē mast kunanda ast u mustahil šuda.


امضا کردن

امضاء کردن
امضاء کردن#Persian


امضاء

head

امضاء • (emzâ')

fa-noun

امضاء • (emzâ')

Bashkir: имза (imza, “signature”).

uder

Arabic إِمْضَاء (ʔimḍāʔ)


وجود

vojud (romanization)
وجودم (first-person possessive singular)
vojudam (first-person possessive singular)
وجودمان (first-person plural possessive)
vojudemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
vojudemun (first-person plural possessive)
وجودت (possessive second-person singular)
vojudat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
vojudet (possessive second-person singular)
وجودتان (plural possessive second-person)
vojudetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
vojudetun (plural possessive second-person)
وجودش (possessive singular third-person)
vojudaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
vojudeš (possessive singular third-person)
وجودشان (plural possessive third-person)
vojudešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
vojudešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindi: वजूद (vajūd)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਜੂਦ (vajūd)

Shahmukhi script: وجود (vajūd)

[wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]

[wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]

[wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]


کارزار

head

کارزار • (kârzâr)

fa-noun

کارزار • (kârzâr)

→ Urdu: کارزار (kārzār)

[kʰɑːɾ.zɑːɾ]

[kʰɑːɾ.zɑːɾ]

[kʰɑːɾ.zɑːɾ]

[kʰɔːɾ.zɔːɾ]

[kʰɒːɹ.zɒːɹ]

From Middle Persian k’lyc’l (kārzār, “battle, battlefield”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“army”). Cognate with Gilaki کالجار (kâljâr).


چروک

head

چروک • (čoruk)

fa-noun

چروک • (čoruk)

[t͡ʃʰʊ.ɾoːk]

[t͡ʃʰʊ.ɾoːk]

[t͡ʃʰʊ.ɾoːk]

[t͡ʃʰu.ɾʊːk]

[t͡ʃʰʊˈɾuːk]


کوتاهی

head

کوتاهی • (kutâhi)

fa-noun

کوتاهی • (kutâhi)

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑː.ɦíː]

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑː.ɦíː]

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑː.jíː]

[kʰʊː.t̪ʰɔː.jí]

[kʰuː.t̪ʰɒː.ɦíː]

[kʰɵ.t̪ʰɔ.ɦí]

From کوتاه (kutâh, “short”) + ـی (-i, abstract noun-deriving suffix).


خاک‌انداز

head

خاکانداز • (xâk-andâz) (plural خاکاندازها (xâk-andâz-hâ))

خاکانداز (canonical)
xâk-andâz (romanization)
خاکاندازها (plural)

→ Armenian: խաքանդազ (xakʻandaz)

→ Avar: гьекендез (hekendez)

→ Azerbaijani: xəkəndaz

→ Budukh: хекендаз (xekendaz)

→ Chechen: хьаькназ (ḥʳäknaz)

→ Dargwa: хаканаз (χakanaz)

desctree

→ Georgian: აქანდაზი (akandazi)
→ Armenian: աքանդազ (akʻandaz)

→ Kryts: xakandaz

→ Lak: ххаканназ (x:akannaz)

→ Lezgi: хекендаз (χekendaz)

→ Tabasaran: хекендаз (ꭓekendaz)

→ Talysh: хokəndoz

desc

→ Tsakhur: хакандас

→ Tsakhur: хакандас

→ Turkish: hakendaz

→ Uzbek: xokandoz

[xɒː.kʰʲæn̪.d̪ɒːz]


بیرق

head

بیرق • (beyraq) (plural بیرقها (beyraq-hâ))

Borrowed from Turkic. See Azerbaijani bayraq, Turkish bayrak, and Uzbek байроқ (bayroq).


آزمایشگاه

آزمایِشگاه • (âzmâyešgâh)

fa-noun

آزمایِشگاه • (âzmâyešgâh)

آزمایِشگاه (canonical)
âzmâyešgâh (romanization)

[ʔɑːz.mɑː.jɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[ʔɑːz.mɑː.jɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[ʔɑːz.mɑː.jɪʃ.ɡɑː]

[ʔɔːz.mɔː.jiʃ.ɡɔː]

[ʔɒːz.mɒː.jeʃ.ɡɒːʱ]

af

آزمایِش (âzmâyeš) + ـگاه (-gâh)


فریاد

head

فریاد • (faryâd) (plural فریادها (faryâd-hâ))

desc

→ Ahirani: फिरयाद (phiryād), फिर्याद (phiryād)

→ Azerbaijani: fəryad

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़रयाद (faryād), फ़रियाद (fariyād)

desctree

Urdu: فریاد (faryād, fariyād)
→ Tamil: பிராது (pirātu)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘣𑘨𑘰𑘟𑘲 (pharādī)

Marathi: फिर्याद (phiryād)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فریاد (feryâd)

Turkish: feryat

desc

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਿਆਦ (fariāda), فریاد (faryād, fariyād)

→ Telugu: ఫిర్యాదు (phiryādu)

→ Varhadi: फर्याद (pharyād), फरयाद (pharyād)

[fäɾ.jɔːd̪̥]

[fæɹ.jɒːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plydʾt' /frayād/, “help; succor”) (with semantic shifts “help” > “cry for help” > “shout; cry”), from Proto-Iranian *fra- (“pro-”) + *yat- (“to go, reach, approach, take position”), the latter from *yat- (“to reach, take position”), from Proto-Indo-European *yet- (“to bring, conform, support”) and cognate with Central Kurdish فریا (firya), Sanskrit यत् (yat, “to line up, take up a position, place in order”), Latin nītor (“support oneself, brace oneself”), Tocharian A yät- (“to adorn”), Ancient Greek ὅσιος (hósios, “just, fair”).


گلچه

head

گلچه • (golče)

fa-noun

گلچه • (golče)

From گل (gol, “flower”) + ـچه (-če, “diminutive suffix”).


قدردانی

head

قدردانی • (qadrdâni)

fa-noun

قدردانی • (qadrdâni)


حکم

head

حکم • (hokm) (plural حکمها (hokm-ha) or احکام (ahkâm))

hokm (romanization)
حکمها (plural)
احکام (plural)

حکم اعدام

احکام دینی


حکم

حکمت حکمت#Persian

plural of حکمت (hekmat): words of wisdom


کامیون

کامِیون • (kâmiyon) (plural کامیونها (kâmiyon-hâ))

کامِیون (canonical)
kâmiyon (romanization)
کامیونها (plural)


سؤال

سؤال • (so'âl) (plural سؤالات (so'âlât) or سؤالها (so'âl-hâ))

so'âl (romanization)
سؤالات (plural)
سؤالها (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਵਾਲ (savāl)

Shahmukhi script: سَوال (savāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सवाल (savāl)

Urdu: سَوال (savāl)

Borrowed from Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl), from سَأَلَ (saʔala).


امروت

امرود امرود#Persian

Alternative spelling of امرود, meaning pear or guava.


احمق

head

احمق • (ahmaq) (plural احمقان (ahmaqân) or احمقها (ahmaq-hâ))

ahmaq (romanization)
احمقان (plural)
احمقها (plural)


دستره

dastare (romanization)
dastarre (romanization)

From دست (dast, “hand”) + اره (arre, “saw”).


پرچم

پرچم • (parčam) (plural پرچمها (parčam-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: pərçəm

→ Middle Hindi: پرچم (prcm /parcam/)

Hindustani: parcam

Hindi: परचम

desc

Urdu: پَرْچَم

Urdu: پَرْچَم

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرچم (perçem)

> Turkish: perçem (inherited)

→ Romanian: perciune

[pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

[pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

[pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

[pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

[pʰæɹ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

[pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

Anvari
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Karakhanid language
Khaqani
fa:پرچم

Early attestations in Persian include Anvārī and Khāqānī from the mid-1100s.
A Wanderwort of unknown origin, but probably immediately borrowed from Oghuz. The Arabic-Turkic dictionary Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, written in 1074, gives [script needed] (berčem) as the Oghuz word for "the tail of a wild ox that warriors wear on the day of battle," with [script needed] (bečkem) as the Karakhanid equivalent. Compare Wakhi bičkám (“horse or goat tail”).
The original meaning is "hair on the yak-tail standard", identical to the Turkic meaning. For unclear reasons, this word was promoted over existing words for "flag," including both the Arabic loan علم (alam) and the native word درفش (derafš), during the early twentieth-century language purification reforms. It is now the most common word for "flag".

پرچم ایران

در کوکبهٔ تو طرهٔ شب
بر نیزهٔ بندگانت پرچم

c. 1180, Anvārī, “Qaṣīda 128”, in دیوان انوری [Dīvān of Anvārī]:

In your triumphal march, the ringlets of night's hair
Are yak tails on the lances of your servants.

dar kawkaba-yi tu turra-yi šab
bar nēza-yi bandagān-at parčam

(obsolete) yak or horse tail hair hung on the tuğ of nomadic armies

(obsolete, figurative) lock of hair fluttering over the forehead


اره

→ Khalaj: harra

From Proto-Indo-European *sers- (“to cut off”). Compare Latin serra (“saw”) (whence English serra), Mazanderani هره (hare, “saw”), and Baluchi ہرگ (harrag, “saw”).


غیر

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ग़ैर (ġair)

Urdu: غَیر (ġair)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੈਰ (gair)

Shahmukhi script: غَیر (ġair)


گلپر

Not present until the late 18ᵗʰ century and borrowed from Mazanderani کوله پر (kūle-par), bearing formerly also the forms گوله پر (gôla par), کوله پر (kôla par), کله پر (kola par), meaning “leafy ball”, referring to the umbels, see گوی (gôy, “ball”) and پر (par, “wing; feather; leaf”).

golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (the seeds, leaves and stalks are used in Persian cooking)


بین

→ Urdu: بَین (bain)

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْنَ (bayna), بَيْن (bayn).


شوکولات

head

شوکولات • (šukulât)

fa-noun

شوکولات • (šukulât)


اعجاز

head

اعجاز • (e'jâz)

fa-noun

اعجاز • (e'jâz)

[ʔiʔ.ˈd͡ʒɑːz]

[ʔe̞ʔ.d͡ʒɑ́ːz]

[ʔe̞ʔ.d͡ʒɑ́ːz]

[ʔeː.d͡ʒɑ́ːz]

[ʔeː.d͡ʒɔ́ːz]

[ʔeʔ.d͡ʒɒ́ːz]

[ʔeʔ.d͡ʒɔ́z]


سلامت

head

سَلَامَت • (salâmat)

fa-noun

سَلَامَت • (salâmat)

سَلَامَت (canonical)
salâmat (romanization)

Tajik: саломат (salomat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सलामत (salāmat)

desctree

Urdu: سَلَامَت (salāmat)
→ Ushojo: سلامت

→ Tagalog: salamat

→ Uzbek: salomat


شور

Derived from the verb شوریدن (šuridan), شولیدن (šulidan).

Dastgāh-e Šur, one of the seven dastgahs of Persian Music.


مملکت

head

مملکت • (mamlekat) (plural ممالک (mamâlek) or مملکتها (mamlekat-hâ))

mamlekat (romanization)
ممالک (plural)
مملکتها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مَمْلَكَة (mamlaka, “kingdom”).

bor+

شه ممالک دردم بلا پناه منست
غمم که بی حد و پایان بود سپاه منست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 122:

I am king of the realms of pain, calamity is my refuge,
The grief that has no limit nor end is my army.

šah-i mamālik-i dardam balā panāh-i man ast
ğamam ki bē had u pāyān buwad sipāh-i man ast


خم

Presumably related چمیدن (čamidan, “to twist, bend”), چفته (čaftah, “curved, bent; vaulted roof”), from Proto-Iranian *čámpati ~ *kapánti (“to bend”), ultimately of unknown origin. Cognate with Parthian 𐫗𐫐𐫖𐫁𐫏𐫅 (nkmbyd /rikambēd/, “to bend”).


خم

From Classical Persian خنب (xunb), خمب (xomb), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwmb'), 𐫟𐫇𐫖𐫁 (xwmb /xumb/, “jug, pitcher”).


حلوا

head

حلوا • (halvâ)

fa-noun

حلوا • (halvâ)

→ Assamese: হালুৱা (halua)

→ Bengali: হালুয়া (haluẏa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हलवा (halvā)

Urdu: حلوہ (halvā)

→ Marathi: हलवा (halvā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: حلوا (halva, helva)
> Turkish: helva (inherited)
→ Albanian: hallvë
→ Bulgarian: халва́ (halvá)
→ Crimean Tatar: elva
→ Greek: χαλβάς (chalvás)
→ Hebrew: חלווה (khálva)
→ Yiddish: כאַלווע (khalve)
→ Dutch: halva
→ English: halva
→ Ladino: halvá
→ Macedonian: алва (alva)
→ Romanian: halva
→ Russian: халва́ (xalvá)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: halva
Cyrillic script: халва

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਵਾ (halvā)

Shahmukhi script: حلوا (halvā)


با

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of بها, representing Kabuli and Hazaragi Persian.


عشق‌بازی

head

عشقبازی • ('ešq-bâzi) (plural عشقبازیها ('ešq-bâzi-hâ))

عشقبازی (canonical)
'ešq-bâzi (romanization)
عشقبازیها (plural)

From عشق ('ešq, “love”) + بازی (bâzi, “play”).


مصری

head

مصری • (mesri) (plural مصریان (mesriyân) or مصریها (mesri-hâ))

mesri (romanization)
مصریان (plural)
مصریها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْرِيّ (miṣriyy). By surface analysis, مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + ـی (-i).


شام

→ Azerbaijani: şam

→ Gujarati: شام (shām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाम (śām)

Urdu: شام (śām)

→ Khalaj: şâm

→ Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)

Turkish: şam

برای شام چی داریم؟ (more literary)

شام چی داریم؟ (more colloquial)


جوراب

head

جوراب • (jurâb) (plural جورابها (jurâb-hâ))

jurâb (romanization)
جورابها (plural)
جوراب (singular)
jurâb (singular)
جورابها (plural)
jurâb-hấ (plural)
جورابا (colloquial plural)
jurâbấ (plural)
جوراب را (definite direct-object singular)
jurâb râ (definite direct-object singular)
جوراب رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
jurâbo (definite direct-object singular)
جورابها را (definite direct-object plural)
jurâb-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
جورابا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
jurâbấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
جوراب (ezafe singular)
jurâb-e (ezafe singular)
جورابهای (ezafe plural)
jurâb-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
جورابای (colloquial ezafe plural)
jurâbấ-ye (ezafe plural)
جورابی (definite relative singular)
جورابی (indefinite singular stressed)
jurâb-i (definite relative singular)
jurâb-i (indefinite singular stressed)
جورابهایی (definite plural relative)
جورابهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
jurâbấn-i, jurâb-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
jurâbấn-i, jurâb-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
جورابایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
جورابایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
jurâbấi (definite plural relative)
jurâbấi (indefinite plural stressed)
جورابم (first-person possessive singular)
jurâbam (first-person possessive singular)
جورابهایم (first-person possessive singular)
jurâb-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
جورابهام، جورابام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
jurâbấm (first-person possessive singular)
جورابت (possessive second-person singular)
jurâbat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
jurâbet (possessive second-person singular)
جورابهایت (possessive second-person singular)
jurâb-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
جورابهات، جورابات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
jurâbất (possessive second-person singular)
جورابش (possessive singular third-person)
jurâbaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
jurâbeš (possessive singular third-person)
جورابهایش (possessive singular third-person)
jurâb-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
جورابهاش، جوراباش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
jurâbấš (possessive singular third-person)
جورابمان (first-person plural possessive)
jurâbemân (first-person plural possessive)
جورابمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
jurâbemun (first-person plural possessive)
جورابهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
jurâb-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
جورابهامون، جورابامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
jurâbấmun (first-person plural possessive)
جورابتان (plural possessive second-person)
jurâbetân (plural possessive second-person)
جورابتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
jurâbetun (plural possessive second-person)
جورابهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
jurâb-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
جورابهاتون، جوراباتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
jurâbấtun (plural possessive second-person)
جورابشان (plural possessive third-person)
jurâbešân (plural possessive third-person)
جورابشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
jurâbešun (plural possessive third-person)
جورابهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
jurâb-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
جورابهاشون، جوراباشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
jurâbấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Arabic: جورب (jawrab)

→ Armenian: ջորաբ (ǰorab)

→ Azerbaijani: corab

→ Hijazi Arabic: شراب (šurrāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुराब (jurāb)

Urdu: جراب (jurāb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چوراب (çorap, çorab)
Turkish: çorap
→ Albanian: çorap, çerap — North–Eastern Gheg, çërap — Middle Gheg, çerap
→ Arabic:
Egyptian Arabic: شراب (šurrāb)
Hijazi Arabic: شراب (šurrāb)
→ Tigre: ሽራብ (šərab, “stockings”)
Standard Arabic: شُرّاب (šurrāb)
→ Armenian: չորաբ (čʻorab), չօրապ (čʻōrap)
→ Bulgarian: чорап (čorap)
→ Crimean Tatar: çorap, şorap (Northern Crimea)
→ Greek: τσουράπι (tsourápi)
→ Macedonian: чорап (čorap)
→ Romanian: ciorap
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чарапа
Latin script: čarapa

→ Turkmen: jorap

[d͡ʒoː.ɾɑːβ]

[d͡ʒoː.ɾɑːb]

[d͡ʒoː.ɾɑːb]

[d͡ʒoː.ɾɑːb]

[d͡ʒʊː.ɾɔːb̥]

[d͡ʒuː.ɹɒːb̥]

From earlier گورب (gôrab), from Middle Persian *gōrab or reborrowed from Arabic جَوْرَب (jawrab); for more see the Arabic. Compare Northern Kurdish gore / گۆرە (gore), Northern Luri گۊرمی (gurmi), Classical Syriac ܓܘܪܒܐ (gurbā), Hebrew גרב (gérev).

او پس از فوتبال جورابهایش را درآورد و به رختکن رفت.

After the footbal game, he took off his socks and went to the locker room.

'u pas az futbâl jurâb-hâyaš râ dar-âvard va ve raxtkan raft.


مومیا

mumiyâ (romanization)
mômiyâ (romanization)

Tajik: мӯмиё (mümiyo), мумиё (mumiyo)

→ Russian: мумиё (mumijó)

→ English: mumijo

desc

→ Arabic: مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ)

→ Arabic: مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ)

Andalusian Arabic:

→ Aragonese: momia

→ Asturian: momia

→ Galician: momia

→ Spanish: momia

Egyptian Arabic: موميا (mūmiyā)

→ Medieval Latin: mumia

Middle French: momie

Anglo-Norman: mumie

→ English: mummy

→ Irish: mumaí

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܡܝܐ (muwmyā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مومیا (momiyā)

→ Middle Armenian: մումիայ (mumiay), մոմիայ (momiay), մոմիեայ (momieay)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مومیا (mumya)

Turkish: mumya

→ Uyghur: مۇمىيا (mumiya)

→ Chinese: 木蜜亞／木蜜亚 (mùmìyà)

982, Hudūd-ul-Ālam:
و از دارابگرد فارس مومیایی خیزد که به همه جهان جایی دیگر نبود.
va az dârâbgird-i fârs mômiyâyê xêzad ki ba hama-yi jahân jâyê dîgar nabvad.
and in Darabgird of Fars a kind of shilajit is found which is not found anywhere else in the world.

the substance with which mummies are preserved


مناقشه

head

مناقشه • (monâqeše)

fa-noun

مناقشه • (monâqeše)

Borrowed from Arabic مُنَاقَشَة (munāqaša).

bor+

مصالحه از مناقشه خیلی بهتر است.

Compromise is a lot better than conflict.


آبدست

head

آبْدَسْت • (âbdast)

fa-noun

آبْدَسْت • (âbdast)

آبْدَسْت (canonical)
âbdast (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: abdəst

→ Gujarati: આબદસ્ત (ābadast)

→ Malay: abdas

Indonesian: abdas

→ Northern Kurdish: avdest

→ Zazaki: ewdaz

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آبدست (âbdest)
Turkish: abdest, abdes, abdez (dialectal)
→ English: abdest
→ Portuguese: abdeste
→ Spanish: abdesto
→ Albanian: avdes
→ Armenian: ապտես (aptes), ավդա̈սթ (avdästʻ)
→ Laz: აბდეზი (abdezi), აბდესი (abdesi) — Batumi, აპტეზი (ap̌ťezi) — Atina, Vizha, აპტესი (ap̌ťesi) — Okordule
→ Macedonian: абдест (abdest)
→ Polish: abdest (learned)
→ Russian: абдест (abdest)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: а̀бдест, а̀бдес, а̀вдест
Latin script: àbdest, àbdes, àvdest

→ Urdu: آبْدَسْت (ābdast)

→ Pashto: اودس (awdas)

From آب (âb, “water”) + دست (dast, “hand”).


عنب

مستی به آب یک دو عنب وضع بنده نیست
من سالخورده پیر خرابات پرورم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 329”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Being drunk from the juice of a grape or two is not my condition;
I am a venerable old man who was brought up in the taverns.

mastī ba āb-i yak du inab waz'-i banda nēst
man sālxwarda pīr-i xarābāt parwaram


استقبال

head

اِستِقبال • (esteqbâl)

fa-noun

اِستِقبال • (esteqbâl)

اِستِقبال (canonical)
esteqbâl (romanization)

→ Bengali: এস্তেকবাল (estekbal)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: इस्तक़बाल (istaqbāl), इस्तिक़बाल (istiqbāl)

Urdu: استقبال (istiqbāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਸਤਕਬਾਲ (isatkabāl)

Shahmukhi script: استقبال (istiqbāl)

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِقْبَال (istiqbāl).

bor+

اِسْتِقْبَال

از فرح خلقی به استقبال رفت
او در آمد از ره دزدیده تفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2687:

A [great] multitude joyfully went out to meet him, [but] he entered [the city] in haste and furtively.

az farah xalqī ba istiqbāl raft
ō dar-āmad az rah-i duzdidā taft

(poetry) response poem (poem with same meter and rhyme as another, intended as a reply to it)


تکمه

From a Turkic language. Compare Uyghur تۈگمە (tügme), Uzbek tugma.


دگمه

From a Turkic language. Compare Ottoman Turkish دوگمه (düğme), Azerbaijani düymə, Turkmen düwme.


پاپوش

head

پاپوش • (pâ-puš) (plural پاپوشها (pâ-puš-hâ))

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاپوش (papuş), پابوج (pabuç), پاپوج (papuç)
Turkish: pabuç
→ Albanian: papuçe
→ Arabic: بَابُوج (bābūj), بَابُوش (bābūš)
→ Armenian: փապուճ (pʻapuč), փափուճ (pʻapʻuč)
→ Bulgarian: папуци (papuci)
→ Greek: παπούτσι (papoútsi)
→ Hungarian: papucs
→ Czech: papuče
→ Slovak: papuče
→ Italian: pappuccia
→ Macedonian: па́пуча (pápuča)
→ Middle French: papouch, (via an Italian form) babuc
→ French: babouche
→ Catalan: babutxa
→ Czech: papuče
→ English: babouche
→ German: Babusche, Pampusche, (Silesia) Paputschen pl
→ Russian: бабу́ша (babúša)
→ Italian: babbuccia
→ Spanish: babucha
→ Neapolitan: papuscio
→ Polish: papuć, bambosz, babosze pl, babusze pl
→ Pontic Greek: παπούτζιν (papoútzin), παπούτζι (papoútzi), παπούτζ' (papoútz')
→ Laz: პაპუწი (p̌ap̌uǯi)
→ Romanian: papúc, papúcă, păpúc
→ Serbo-Croatian: pàpuča / па̀пуча
→ Sicilian: papoccia
→ Maltese: papoċċa, papuċa, papuċ, papux

→ Malayalam: പാപ്പാസ് (pāppāsŭ)

[pʰɑː.pʰóːʃ]

[pʰɑː.pʰóːʃ]

[pʰɑː.pʰóːʃ]

[pʰɔː.pʰʊ́ːʃ]

[pʰɒː.pʰúːʃ]

From پا (pâ, “foot”) + پوش (puš), present stem of پوشیدن (pušidan, “to cover”), so literally “foot-cover”. Compare Armenian պաճուճ (pačuč), Georgian ფაფუცი (papuci), ფაფუჭი (papuč̣i), ფაჩუჩი (pačuči), Iranian borrowings.


نشان

head

نشان • (nešân) (plural نشانها (nešân-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: نِيشَان (nīšān)

→ Arabic: نِيشَان (nīšān)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܢܝܫܢܐ (nīšānā)

Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡔࡀࡍ (nišan)

→ Azerbaijani: nişan

→ Bengali: নিশান (niśan)

→ Chagatai: نشان

Uyghur: نىشان (nishan)

Uzbek: nishon

→ Crimean Tatar: nişan

→ Kazakh: нысан (nysan), нышан (nyşan), нысана (nysana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: निशान (niśān)

Urdu: نِشان (niśān)

→ Malay: nisan

Indonesian: nisan

→ Marathi: निशाण (niśāṇ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نشان (nişan)
Turkish: nişan
→ Albanian: nishan
→ Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
→ Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
→ French: nichan
→ Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
→ Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
→ Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
→ Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
→ Romanian: nișam
→ Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ (niśān)

Shahmukhi script: نِشان (niśān)

desc

→ Sindhi: نِشانُ

→ Sindhi: نِشانُ

→ Turkmen: nyşan

From earlier نِیشَان (nīšān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (nyšʾn' /nīšān/, “sign, mark, banner”) (compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫗𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫗 (nyšʾn /nīšān/), Old Armenian նշան (nšan), Old Georgian ნიშანი (nišani), Northern Kurdish nîşan, Central Kurdish نیشان (nîşan)), from [script needed] (nyš /nīš-/) (compare Old Armenian նիշ (niš), Old Georgian ნიში (niši), Classical Syriac ܢܝܫܐ (nīšāʾ), Hebrew נֵס (nēs), loanwords from Iranian). See the Middle Persian for more.

inh

چون که عمر شیخ در آخر رسید
در وجود خود نشان مرگ دید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 388:

When the Shaykh's life reached its end
and he saw in his (bodily) existence the signs of death

čōn ki 'umr-i šayx dar āxir rasīd
dar wujūd-i xwad nišān-i marg dīd


جمجمه

head

جمجمه • (jomjome) (plural جمجمهها (jomjome-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic جُمْجُمَة (jumjuma).


تأثیر

head

تَأثیر • (ta'sir) (plural تأثیرات (ta'sirât))

تَأثیر (canonical)
ta'sir (romanization)
تأثیرات (plural)

[t̪ʰäʔ.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰäʔ.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰɑː.síːɾ]

[t̪ʰæʔ.síːɹ]


لحظه‌ها

لحظهها (canonical)
lahze-hâ (romanization)

لحظه لحظه#Persian


لحظه

لحظه • (lahze) (plural لحظهها (lahze-hâ) or لحظات (lahazât))

lahze (romanization)
لحظهها (plural)
لحظات (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लहज़ा (lahzā)

Urdu: لَحْظَہ (lahza)

یه لحظه صبر کن

آن دم که با تو باشم یک سال هست روزی
وان دم که بی تو باشم یک لحظه هست سالی

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The little while that I am with you, one year is a day;
The little while that I am not with you, one moment is a year.

ān dam ki bā tu bāšam yak sāl hast rōzē
w-ān dam ki bē tu bāšam yak lahza hast sālē


کوچولوها

کوچولوها • (kučulu-hâ)

کوچولو کوچولو#Persian


پوشک

پوشک • (pušak) (plural پوشکها (pušak-hâ))


پولدارها

پولدارها • (puldâr-hâ)

پولدار پولدار#Persian


خواهران

خواهران • (xâharân)

خواهر خواهر#Persian


ختنه زنان

fa:ختنه زنان


رهبران

رهبر رهبر#Persian


برادران

barâdarân (romanization)
berâdarân (romanization)

برادر برادر#Persian


دخترها

دختر دختر#Persian


هزارها

هزارها • (hezâr-hâ)

هزار هزار#Persian


سینه‌ها

سینهها • (sine-hâ)

سینهها (canonical)
sine-hâ (romanization)

سینه سینه#Persian


بیماری‌ها

بیماریها • (bimâri-hâ)

بیماریها (canonical)
bimâri-hâ (romanization)

بیماری بیماری#Persian


موزه‌ها

موزهها (canonical)
môza-hâ (romanization)
muze-hâ (romanization)

موزه موزه#Persian


موزه‌ها

موزهها • (muze-hâ)

موزهها (canonical)
muze-hâ (romanization)

موزه موزه#Persian


خانواده‌ها

خانوادهها • (xâne-vâde-hâ)

خانوادهها (canonical)
xâne-vâde-hâ (romanization)

[xɑː.nä.wɑː.d̪ä.ɦɑː]

[xɑː.nä.wɑː.d̪ä.ɦɑː]

[xɑː.nä.wɑː.d̪ɑːɑː]

[xɔː.nä.wɔː.d̪ɔːɔː]

خانواده خانواده#Persian


گلبرگ‌ها

گلبرگها (canonical)
golbarg-hâ (romanization)

گلبرگ گلبرگ#Persian


مردان

مردان • (mardân)

[mäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[mäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[mäɾ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[mäɾ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[mæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːn]


سؤال‌ها

سؤالها • (so'âl-hâ)

سؤالها (canonical)
so'âl-hâ (romanization)

سؤال سؤال#Persian


الفبا

اَلِفْبا • (alefbâ) (plural الفباها (alefbâ-hâ))

اَلِفْبا (canonical)
alefbâ (romanization)
الفباها (plural)

Dhivehi: އަލިފުބާ (alifubā)

From Arabic أَلِفْبَاء (ʔalifbāʔ), named after the first two letters of the Arabic alphabet.

uder

Arabic أَلِفْبَاء (ʔalifbāʔ)


رستوران‌ها

head

رستورانها • (restorân-hâ)

رستورانها (canonical)
restorân-hâ (romanization)

رستوران رستوران#Persian


نبی

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npyk /nibēg/, “writing, scripture, book”). Doublet of نوی (nuwī, niwī) and نپی (nupī, nipī); see نوشتن (neveštan, “to write”) for more.

doublet

در نبی آورد جبریل امین / شرح این زانو زدن را جاثمین

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2548:

Gabriel, the trusted, brought in the Qur'an the description of this kneeling [by the word] játhimín

dar nubī âward Jibrīl-i amīn / šarh-i ēn zânū-zadan râ jâsimīn


سخنگو

head

سُخَنگو • (soxangu) (plural سُخَنگوها or سُخَنگویان)

سُخَنگو (canonical)
soxangu (romanization)
سُخَنگوها (plural)
سُخَنگویان (plural)


روسپیان

روسپیان • (ruspiyân)

روسپی روسپی#Persian


دیشب

دیشب • (dišab)

fa-noun

دیشب • (dišab)


نوزادان

head

نوزادان • (nowzâdân)

نوزاد نوزاد#Persian


بازی‌ها

بازیها • (bâzi-hâ)

بازیها (canonical)
bâzi-hâ (romanization)

بازی بازی#Persian


پولدار

پولدار • (puldâr) (plural پولداران (puldârân) or پولدارها (puldâr-hâ))

puldâr (romanization)
پولداران (plural)
پولدارها (plural)
پولدار (singular)
puldâr (singular)
پولداران (plural)
puldârấn (plural)
پولدارا (colloquial plural)
puldârấ (plural)
پولدار را (definite direct-object singular)
puldâr râ (definite direct-object singular)
پولدار رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
puldâro (definite direct-object singular)
پولداران را (definite direct-object plural)
puldârấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
پولدارا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
puldârấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پولدار (ezafe singular)
puldâr-e (ezafe singular)
پولداران (ezafe plural)
puldârấn-e (ezafe plural)
پولدارای (colloquial ezafe plural)
puldârấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پولداری (definite relative singular)
پولداری (indefinite singular stressed)
puldâr-i (definite relative singular)
puldâr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پولدارانی (definite plural relative)
پولدارانی (indefinite plural stressed)
puldârấn-i (definite plural relative)
puldârấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
پولدارایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پولدارایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
puldârấi (definite plural relative)
puldârấi (indefinite plural stressed)
پولدارم (first-person predicative singular)
puldâram (first-person predicative singular)
پولداریم (first-person plural predicative)
puldârim (first-person plural predicative)
پولداری (predicative second-person singular)
puldâri (predicative second-person singular)
پولدارید (plural predicative second-person)
puldârid (plural predicative second-person)
پولدارین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
puldârin (plural predicative second-person)
پولدار است (predicative singular third-person)
puldâr ast (predicative singular third-person)
پولداره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
puldâre (predicative singular third-person)
پولدارند (plural predicative third-person)
puldârand (plural predicative third-person)
پولدارن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
puldâran (plural predicative third-person)

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰul̪.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From پول (pul, “money”) + ـدار (-dâr, “having”).


روسپی‌گری

روسپیگری (canonical)
ruspi-gari (romanization)

A compound of روسپی (ruspi) and گری (-gari).


یه

(informal, spoken) Spoken form of یک (yek, yak) represented in writing.


سفیر

head

سفیر • (safir) (plural سفرا (sofarâ) or سفیران (safirân))

safir (romanization)
سفرا (plural)
سفیران (plural)

سفیر کنونی بریتانیا در ایران

قران را به پیغمبرت ناورید
مگر جبرئیل آن مبارک سفیر

c. 1080, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, “Qaṣīda 106”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir-i Khusraw]:

No other than Gabriel, that blessed messenger,
Brought the Quran to your prophet.

qur'ān rā ba payğambar-at n-āwarīd
magar jibra'īl ān mubārak safīr


گلبرگ

گلبرگ • (golbarg) (plural گلبرگها (golbarg-hâ))

[ɡ̥ol.bǽɹɡʲ̥]

From گل (gol, “rose”) + برگ (barg, “leaf”).

همچو گلبرگ طری هست وجود تو لطیف
همچو سرو چمن خلد سراپای تو خوش

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 287”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Your very being is elegant, just like the tender rose petal,
You are pleasing from head to toe, just like the cypress in the meadow of eternity.

hamčū gulbarg-i tarī hast wujūd-i tu latīf
hamčū sarw-i čaman-i xuld sarāpā-yi tu xwaš


جواب‌ها

جوابها • (javâb-hâ)

جوابها (canonical)
javâb-hâ (romanization)

[d͡ʒä.wɑːb.ʔɑː]

[d͡ʒä.wɔːb.ʔɔː]

جواب جواب#Persian


لیوان

لیوان • (livân) (plural لیوانها (livân-hâ))

یک لیوان شیر میخواهید؟ (more literary)
yek livân šir mi-xâhid?

یه لیوان شیر میخواین؟ (more colloquial)

a glass, a mug, a glass cup, drinking vessel


نوزاد

نوزاد • (nowzâd) (plural نوزادان (nowzâdân) or نوزادها (nowzâd-hâ))

nowzâd (romanization)
نوزادان (plural)
نوزادها (plural)

From نو (now, “new”) + زاد (zâd, “birth”).


تاج‌ها

تاجها • (tâj-hâ)


کلاه‌ها

کلاهها • (kolâh-hâ)

کلاهها (canonical)
kolâh-hâ (romanization)

کلاه کلاه#Persian


واژگان

واژگان • (vâžegân)

[wɑː.ʒa.ˈɡɑːn]

[wɑː.ʒä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.ʒä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.ʒä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[wɔː.ʒä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[vɒː.ʒe.ɡɒ́ːn]

[vɔ.ʒä.ɡɔ́n]

واژه واژه#Persian


نیروگاه

نیروگاه • (nirugâh)

fa-noun

نیروگاه • (nirugâh)

[niː.ɾuː.ɡɑːʱ]

[niː.ɾuː.ɡɑːʱ]

[niː.ɹuː.ɡɒːʱ]


روسپی

head

روسپی • (ruspi) (plural روسپیان (ruspiyân) or روسپیها (ruspi-hâ))

ruspi (romanization)
روسپیان (plural)
روسپیها (plural)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: روسپی (ruspi, rospi, rospu)

→ Armenian: օրոսփի (ōrospʻi)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lwspyk' /rōspīg/, “whore”), equivalent to رو (ru, “face”) + سپید (sapēd, “white, clear, bright”).