پیل

→ Ossetian: пыл (pyl), пил (pil)

→ Pashto: پیل (pil)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیل (pil)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru).


ریاضیات

head

ریاضیات • (riyâziyyât)

fa-noun

ریاضیات • (riyâziyyât)

Fa-ریاضیات.ogg

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَاضِيَّات (riyāḍiyyāt). By surface analysis, ریاض (riyâz) + ـیات (-iyyât).

bor+

رِيَاضِيَّات

surf

از آنجمله پانصد کس باشند که ایشانرا در ریاضیات شروع است واکنون دوازده سال است که بندگی حضرت سلطنت پناهی کشور گشایی خلد الله ملکه بدین فن مشغول است.

c. 1423, Ğiyās-ud-Dīn Jamshēd Kāšī, translated by Mohammad Bagheri, Letter to his father, quoted in “A Newly Found Letter of Al-Kashı on Scientific Life in Samarkand”:

Among them there are five hundred persons who have begun [to study] mathematics. His Royal Majesty the World-Conqueror [lit. “the Servitude of the Presence of the Refuge of the Sultanate, Conqueror of Countries”], may God perpetuate his reign, has been engaged in this art [i.e., mathematics] for the last twelve years.

az ān-jumla pānsad kas bāšand ki ēšān-rā dar riyāziyyāt šurū' ast w-aknūn duwāzdah sāl ast ki bandagī-yi hazrat-i saltanat panāhē kišwar gušāyī xallad allāhu mulkahu badīn fann mašğūl ast.


درزی

head

درزی • (darzi) (plural درزیها (darzi-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Armenian: դարզի (darzi)

→ Azerbaijani: dərzi / درزی

→ Bengali: দর্জি (dorji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दर्ज़ी (darzī)

Urdu: درزی (darzī)

→ Pashto: درزي (darzi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਜ਼ੀ (darzī), ਦਰਜੀ (darjī)

Shahmukhi script: درزی (darzī)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترزی (terzi), درزی (derzi)
Turkish: terzi
→ Albanian: terzi
→ Arabic: تَرْزِيّ (tarziyy)
→ Armenian: թարզի (tʻarzi), թերզի (tʻerzi)
→ Bulgarian: терзи́я (terzíja)
→ Georgian: თერძი (terʒi)
→ Macedonian: терзија (terzija)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: терзија
Latin script: terzija

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlcyk' /darzīg/, “tailor”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *darz- (“to attach, fasten; to load; to sew”). Cognate with Talysh دشتن (dešten, “to sew”) (present stem: درز (derz)) (in Shaft).
Also from Iranian: Old Armenian դերձակ (derjak), post-classical դերձիկ (derjik), դերզիկ (derzik), Classical Syriac ܕܪܙܝܩܐ (darzīqā).


پرنگ

desctree

Malay: piring
Indonesian: piring
→ Afrikaans: piering
→ Portuguese: pires
→ Bengali: পিরিচ (piric)
→ Ternate: piring

Akin to Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj, “copper”), an Iranian borrowing.


رد

→ Assamese: ৰদ (rod)

→ Azerbaijani: rədd
→ Armenian: ռադ (ṙad)

→ Middle Bengali: রদ (rod)

Bengali: রদ (rod)

→ Dhivehi: ރައްދު (raddu)

→ Dogri: radd

Devanagari script: रद्द

Dogra script: 𑠤𑠛𑠹𑠛

→ Gojri: رَد (rad)

→ Gujarati: રદ (rad)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रद्द (radd)

Urdu: رَدّ (radd)

→ Kannada: ರದ್ದು (raddu)

→ Maithili: rad

Devanagari script: रद

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒠

→ Malayalam: റദ്ദ് (ṟaddŭ)

→ Malvi: रद्द (radd)

→ Marathi: रद्द (radda)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: रद्द (radd)

Mahajani script: 𑅭𑅥𑅥 (rdd)

→ Nepali: रद्द (radda)

→ Odia: ରଦ୍ଦ (radda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਦ (radda)

Shahmukhi script: رَدّ (radd)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: رَدِ

Devanagari script: रदि

Khudabadi script: 𑋙𑋏𑋡 (radi)

→ Tamil: ரத்து (rattu)

→ Telugu: రద్దు (raddu)

→ Varhadi: रद (rad)


چاشت

head

چاشت • (čâšt)

fa-noun

چاشت • (čâšt)

→ Azerbaijani: çeşt, çaşt

→ Baluchi: چاشت (cášt)

→ Gujarati: ચાશ્ત (cāśt)

→ Khalaj: çâşt

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाश्त (cāśt)

Urdu: چاشت (cāśt)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (čʾšt' /čāšt/, “lunch, meal”). Akin to Old Armenian ճաշ (čaš), an Iranian borrowing.

inh+

به راه آبخوری و چاشت خوران به سمنان آمدم و آنجا مدتی مقام کردم و طلب اهل علم کردم.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

Drinking and having a morning meal while on the road, I came to Simnān. I stayed there for a while, and looked for a man of knowledge.

ba rāh ābxwarē u čāšt xwarān ba simnān āmadam u ānjā muddatē maqām kardam u talab-i ahl-i ilm kardam.

meal eaten between sunrise and noon; brunch; morning meal

ولسوالیهای برکه، نهرین، گذرگاه نور، خوست و فرنگ و حومههای شهر پلخمری مرکز ولایت بغلان پس از چاشت روز گذشته (جمعه، ۲۱ ثور) گواه سرازیر شدن سیلابهای ویرانگر بود.

2024 May, “سیلابهای بغلان؛ دامنه این فاجعه گسترش یافته است [Baghlan floods; The Scope of This Disaster Has Expanded]”, in طلعنیوز [Tolo News]:

The districts of Burka, Nahrīn, Guzargāh-i Nūr, Khōst wa Firing and suburbs of Pul-i-Khumrī, the capital of the Baghlan Province, witnessed devastating downward flowing floods yesterday afternoon (Friday, 21 Sawr)

wuluswālī-hā-yi burka, nahrīn, guzargāh-i nūr, xōst wa firing wa hawma-hā-yi šahr-i pul-i-xumrī markaz-i wilāyat bağlān pas az čāšt-i rōz-i guzašta (jum'a, 21 sawr) guwāh sarāzēr šudan saylāb-hā-yi wayrān-gar būd.


وشم

head

وشم • (vašm)

fa-noun

وشم • (vašm)

Cognate with Sanskrit वाष्प (vāṣpa, “steam”).


وشم

head

وشم • (vošm)

fa-noun

وشم • (vošm)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (*wušm).


تفت

Deverbal from تفتن (taftan, “to be hot”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tep-; see there for further information.


تب

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tp /tab/, “fever”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tépos (“heat, warmth”). Related to Sanskrit तपस् (tapas), and Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing.


تیلماچی

head

تیلماچی • (tilmâči)

fa-noun

تیلماچی • (tilmâči)


سان

From Middle Persian [script needed] (sʾn' /sān/).

inh

مر جفاگر را چنینها میدهم
پیش پای چپ چه سان سر مینهم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3842:

Such things I am giving to the doer of iniquity:
(thou seest) in what fashion I lay my head before the left foot.

mar jafā-gar rā čunin-hā mē-diham
piš-i pāy-i čap či sān sar mē-niham


سان

From Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?]; cognate to Sanskrit शाण (śāṇa, “whetstone”).


شکار

head

شکار • (šekâr) (plural شکارها (šekâr-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: şikar

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: شکار (śikār)

Hindi: शिकार (śikār)

→ Northern Kurdish: şikar

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ (śikār)

Shahmukhi script: شکار (śikār)

→ Turkish: şikar

Not attested in Middle Persian, though related forms are Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šklk /škarag/, “bird of prey”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wškl /wiškar/, “hunting ground”).
Perhaps a loanword from Sogdian 𐽁𐼸𐼰𐽀 (škʾr, “to pursue, to drive”). Both the Middle Persian and the Sogdian are from Proto-Iranian *skar- (“to pursue, to look for (cattle)”), which has no non-Iranian cognates.

der

ما شکاریم این چنین دامی کراست
گوی چوگانیم چوگانی کجاست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1310:

We are the (hunted) prey: to whom belongs such a (fearful) snare?
We are the ball (for the blows) of the polo-bat—and where is the Batsman?

mā šikar-īm īn čunīn dām-ē kirā-st
gōy-i čawgān-īm čawganī kujā-st


ترول

head

ترول • (terol) (plural ترولها (terol-hâ) or ترولان (terolân))

terol (romanization)
ترولها (plural)
ترولان (plural)


تربوز

تَربوز • (tarbūz)

fa-noun

تَربوز • (tarbūz)

تَربوز (canonical)
tarbūz (romanization)

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰæɹ.búːz]

تربز تربز#Persian

Dari standard spelling of تربز ("watermelon").


تربز

head

تربز • (tarboz) (plural تربزها (tarboz-hâ))

→ Assamese: তৰমুজ (toromuz)

→ Bengali: তরমুজ (toromuj)

desc

→ Gujarati: તરબૂચ (tarbūc), તડબૂચ (taḍbūc)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तरबूज़ (tarbūz)

Urdu: تربوز (tarbūz)

→ Kalmyk: тарвс (tarvs)

→ Mongolian: тарвас (tarvas)

→ Marathi: टरबूज (ṭarbūj), तरबूज (tarbūj)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਰਬੂਜ਼ (tarbūz), ਤਰਬੂਜ (tarbūj)

Shahmukhi script: تربوز (tarbūz)

→ Old Turkic: [script needed] (*tarbuz)

Kyrgyz: дарбыз (darbız)

Turkish: karpuz

Uyghur: تاۋۇز (tawuz)

Uzbek: tarvuz

desctree

→ Russian: арбуз (arbuz), арбу́зъ (arbúz) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Estonian: arbuus
→ Finnish: arbuusi
→ Ingrian: arbuza
→ Latvian: arbūzs
→ Lithuanian: arbūzas
→ Polish: arbuz
→ Volga German: Erbus

Possibly a metathesized and zetacized derivative of Sanskrit त्रपुस (trapusa, “colocynth fruit”) (compare خَربُز).

der

(archaic, dialectal or nonstandard) watermelon


دوزخ

→ Azerbaijani: duzəx

→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)

→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)

→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)

→ Hindustani:

→ Old Hindi: दोजग (dojaga)

→ Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)

→ Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)

→ Ushojo: دوزخ

→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)

→ Kurdish:

→ Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)

→ Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)

→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)

→ Pashto: دوزَخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)

→ Old Punjabi: ਦੋਜਕੁ (dojaku)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜ਼ਖ਼ (dozax), دوزَخ (dozax)

→ Turkmen: dowzah

→ Uzbek: doʻzax

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).
Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /dušox/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /dōžax/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish dojeh, Central Kurdish دۆژە (doje), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).
Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.


چکاد

head

چکاد • (čakâd, čekâd)

fa-noun

چکاد • (čakâd, čekâd)

čakâd (romanization)
čekâd (romanization)

Akin to Old Armenian ճակատ (čakat, “forehead”), an Iranian borrowing. Note also Lithuanian kaktà (“forehead, brow”).


ویرایش

head

ویرایش • (virâyeš) (plural ویرایشها (virâyeš-hâ))

virâyeš (romanization)
ویرایشها (plural)
ویرایش (singular)
virâyeš (singular)
ویرایشها (plural)
virâyeš-hấ (plural)
ویرایشا (colloquial plural)
virâyešấ (plural)
ویرایش را (definite direct-object singular)
virâyeš râ (definite direct-object singular)
ویرایش رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
virâyešo (definite direct-object singular)
ویرایشها را (definite direct-object plural)
virâyeš-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ویرایشا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
virâyešấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
ویرایش (ezafe singular)
virâyeš-e (ezafe singular)
ویرایشهای (ezafe plural)
virâyeš-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ویرایشای (colloquial ezafe plural)
virâyešấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ویرایشی (definite relative singular)
ویرایشی (indefinite singular stressed)
virâyeš-i (definite relative singular)
virâyeš-i (indefinite singular stressed)
ویرایشهایی (definite plural relative)
ویرایشهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
virâyešấn-i, virâyeš-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
virâyešấn-i, virâyeš-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
ویرایشایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
ویرایشایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
virâyešấi (definite plural relative)
virâyešấi (indefinite plural stressed)
ویرایشم (first-person possessive singular)
virâyéšam (first-person possessive singular)
ویرایشهایم (first-person possessive singular)
virâyeš-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ویرایشهام، ویرایشام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
virâyešấm (first-person possessive singular)
ویرایشت (possessive second-person singular)
virâyéšat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
virâyéšet (possessive second-person singular)
ویرایشهایت (possessive second-person singular)
virâyeš-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ویرایشهات، ویرایشات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
virâyešất (possessive second-person singular)
ویرایشش (possessive singular third-person)
virâyéšaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
virâyéšeš (possessive singular third-person)
ویرایشهایش (possessive singular third-person)
virâyeš-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ویرایشهاش، ویرایشاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
virâyešấš (possessive singular third-person)
ویرایشمان (first-person plural possessive)
virâyéšemân (first-person plural possessive)
ویرایشمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
virâyéšemun (first-person plural possessive)
ویرایشهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
virâyeš-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ویرایشهامون، ویرایشامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
virâyešấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ویرایشتان (plural possessive second-person)
virâyéšetân (plural possessive second-person)
ویرایشتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
virâyéšetun (plural possessive second-person)
ویرایشهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
virâyeš-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ویرایشهاتون، ویرایشاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
virâyešấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ویرایششان (plural possessive third-person)
virâyéšešân (plural possessive third-person)
ویرایششون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
virâyéšešun (plural possessive third-person)
ویرایشهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
virâyeš-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ویرایشهاشون، ویرایشاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
virâyešấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

From Middle Persian wylʾdšn' (wirāyišn).

edit, revision (a change to the text of a document)


ویرایش

virâyeš (romanization)
ویرایشها (plural)

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[wiː.ɾɑː.jɪ́ʃ]


شهباز

شهباز • (šahbâz) (plural شهبازها (šahbâz-hâ))

desc

Armenian: Շահբազ (Šahbaz), ⇒ Շահբազյան (Šahbazyan)

→ Azerbaijani: şahbaz

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهباز (şahbaz), شهباز (şahbaz), շահպազ (şahbaz) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: şahbaz


زمانه

head

زمانه • (zamâne)

fa-noun

زمانه • (zamâne)

→ Azerbaijani: zəmanə

→ Bashkir: замана (zamana)

→ Bengali: জমানা (jomana)

→ Gujarati: જમાનો (jamāno)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़माना (zamānā)

Urdu: زَمَانَہ (zamānā)

→ Marathi: जमाना (jamānā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمانه (zemane)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਮਾਨਾ (zamānā)

Shahmukhi script: زَمانہ (zamānh)

From Middle Persian ẕmʾnk' (zamānag). Baluchi زمانگ (zamānag) Compare Old Armenian ժամանակ (žamanak), an Iranian borrowing. Equivalent to زمان (zamân) + ـه (-e).


صلاح

head

صلاح • (salâh)

fa-noun

صلاح • (salâh)

good, goodness
goodness, rectitude, moral probity

اگر به مذهب تو خون عاشق است مباح
صلاح ما همه آن است کان تو راست صلاح

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 98”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

If [spilling] the lover's blood is permitted in your religion,
What is good for all of us is what is good for you.

agar ba mazhab-i tu xūn-i āšiq ast mubāh
salāh-i mā hama ān ast k-ān tu rā-st salāh


کین

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kyn' /kēn/, “hate, malice, revenge”), from Old Persian *𐎣𐎡𐎴 (kaina-), from Proto-Iranian *kaynáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaynáH, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (“revenge, punishment; redemption price; price; honor”). Akin to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (kaēnā, “punishment, revenge”) and Old Armenian քէն (kʻēn).

cog

hatred, enmity, rancour, malice; revenge


کینه

→ Bengali: কিয়াইন (kiẏain)

→ Uzbek: gina

Akin to Gurani کین (kīn) (Nuzhat Nama-yi Ala'i of Shahmardan Razi) and Old Armenian քէն (kʻēn).

lang

اکبری مفاخر, آرش (1390). "بازشناسی افزوده داستانهای شاهنامه در روایتهای گورانی". مجلهی بینالمللی مطالعات ایرانی. 11 (21–22).

اصل کینه دوزخ است و کین تو
جزو آن کل است و خصم دین تو

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 274:

The origin of malice is Hell, and your malice
is a part of that whole and is the enemy of your religion.

asl-i kīna dōzax ast u kin-i tū
juzw-i ān kul ast u xasm-i dīn-i tū


ارزش

head

ارزش • (arzeš)

fa-noun

ارزش • (arzeš)

From ارز (arz-, present stem of ارزیدن (arzidan, “to be worth”)) + ـش (-eš).
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós. Cognate with Ossetian аргъ (arǧ).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ارزیدن</i> (arzidan, “to be worth”)


سرور

head

سَروَر • (sarvar) (plural سروران (sarvarân))

سَروَر (canonical)
sarvar (romanization)
سروران (plural)

تو سرفراز جهان باش و چاکران تو هم
که بنده تو بود نیز دایما سرور

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 75:

May You be exalted in the world, and Your servants likewise,
For Your slave [Selim] is also eternally a master [of empires].

tō sarfarāz-i jahān bāš u čākarān-i tō ham
ki banda-yi tō buwad nēz dāyiman sarwar

master (someone who has control over something or someone)


سرور

سُرُور • (sorur) (plural سرورها (sorur-hâ))

سُرُور (canonical)
sorur (romanization)
سرورها (plural)


سرور

سِروِر • (server) (plural سرورها (server-hâ))

سِروِر (canonical)
server (romanization)
سرورها (plural)


چاک

Armenian: ճաք (čakʻ)

Ottoman Turkish: چاك

Turkish: çak


پور

Borrowed from Bactrian πορο (poro), πουρο (pouro, “son”), from Proto-Iranian *puθráh. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (puric, “lady”), also a Bactrian borrowing. Akin to Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra), Parthian 𐭁𐭓𐭉 (BRY /puhr/). Previously considered a Parthian borrowing.


پور

Francolinus francolinus
Francolinus francolinus#Translingual

(Sistani) (black) francolin, Francolinus francolinus


پاراو

پاراو • (pârâv)

fa-noun

پاراو • (pârâv)

Akin to Old Armenian պառաւ (paṙaw), an Iranian borrowing. Compare Bandar Abbasi dialect پرو (parow, “heifer”).


هزاردستان

head

هزاردستان • (hezâr-dastân or hazâr-dastân)

hezâr-dastân (romanization)
hazâr-dastân (romanization)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

From هزار (hazâr, “thousand”) + دستان (dastân, “voices, songs”).


گاوزنه

head

گاوزنه • (gâvzane)

fa-noun

گاوزنه • (gâvzane)

Akin to Old Armenian գաւազան (gawazan); an Iranian borrowing.


فضا

space (intervening contents of a volume)


مقام

head

مقام • (maqâm or muqâm) (plural مقامها (maqâm-hâ))

maqâm (romanization)
muqâm (romanization)
مقامها (plural)

→ Assamese: মোকাম (mükam)

desctree

→ Middle Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)
Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)

→ Gujarati: મુકામ (mukām)

→ Old Hindi: मुकांम (mukā̃ma)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुक़ाम (muqām), मक़ाम (maqām)
Urdu: مقَام

→ Maithili: mokām

Devanagari script: मोकाम

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒽𑒏𑒰𑒧

→ Marathi: मुक्काम (mukkām)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मुकांन (mukā̃n), मुकांम (mukā̃m)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅧 (muknn), 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅬 (muknm)

→ Odia: ମୁକାମ (mukāma)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مقام (makam)

→ Turkish: makam

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੁਕਾਮੁ (mukāmu)
Punjabi: muqām
Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਕ਼ਾਮ
Shahmukhi script: مُقام

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُقامُ

Devanagari script: मुक़ामु

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋣𑊺𑋩𑋠𑋗𑋣 (muqāmu)

→ Telugu: మకాము (makāmu)

→ Uyghur: مۇقام (muqam)

→ Chinese: 木卡姆 (mùkǎmǔ)

در مقامی زهر و در جایی دوا / در مقامی کفر و در جایی روا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2599:

In one place poison and in one place medicine, in one place infidelity and in one place (it is) approved.

dar maqâm-i zahr u dar jâ-yi dawâ / dar maqâm-i kufr u dar ja-yi rawâ


گوازه

head

گوازه • (gavâza) (plural گوازهها (gavâza-hâ))

Arabic: جواز (jawāz), جوازق (jawāzaq)

desc

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ (gavāza), ܠܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ (lavāza)

From Middle Persian [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws + *h₂eǵ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀 (gauuāza, “ox-goad”), Sanskrit गवजन (gavájana, “whip, stick for driving cattle”) and Old Armenian գաւազան (gawazan) (a loanword).


گرزمان

Akin to Old Armenian գերեզման (gerezman); an Iranian borrowing.


یاتاق

head

یاتاق • (yâtâq)

fa-noun

یاتاق • (yâtâq)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Ottoman Turkish یاتاق (yatak), Azerbaijani yataq.


هیدرات

head

هیدرات • (hidrât)

fa-noun

هیدرات • (hidrât)


ریدک

rêdak (romanization)
raydak (romanization)

From Middle Persian lytk' (rēdak, “lad, page”), from *raita-ka-. For the first part, compare Old Armenian երիտասարդ (eritasard).


دبیر

dabir (romanization)
debir (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: dəbir


خاور

head

خاور • (xâvar)

fa-noun

خاور • (xâvar)

→ Azerbaijani: Xavər

→ Gujarati: ખાવર (khāvar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xvarōfrān /xwarwarān/, “east”). Akin to Old Armenian խաւար (xawar); an Iranian borrowing.


شبان

head

شبان • (šobân)

fa-noun

شبان • (šobân)

→ Gujarati: શુબાન (śubān)

From Middle Persian špʾn (šubān, “shepherd”) (Manichaean Middle Persian šwbʾn).


شبان

head

شبان • (šabân)


خوان

خوان • (xân)

fa-noun

خوان • (xân)

→ Middle Armenian: խօն (xōn)

Armenian: խոն (xon)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hw’n' /xwān/, “tray, table”). Compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (xᵛaⁱni, “cover, carpet”) and Old Armenian խան (xan), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

table or large tray particularly such one as is fit for dining


خائن

head

خائن • (xâ'en) (plural خائنان (xâ'enân) or خائنها (xâ'en-hâ))

xâ'en (romanization)
خائنان (plural)
خائنها (plural)


سامان

سامان • (sâmân)

fa-noun

سامان • (sâmân)

→ Bengali: সামান (saman)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सामान (sāmān)

Urdu: سامان (sāmān)

→ Nepali: सामान (sāmān)

→ Marathi: सामान (sāmān)

→ Konkani: सामान (sāmān)

→ Bhojpuri: सामान (sāmān)

→ Maithili: समान (samān)

→ Dogri: समान (samān)

→ Punjabi: ਸਮਾਨ m (samān)

→ Gujarati: સામાન m (sāmān)

→ Sindhi: سامانُ (sāmānu)

→ Telugu: సామాను (sāmānu)

→ Kannada: ಸಾಮಾನು (sāmānu)

→ Malayalam: സാമാനം (sāmānaṁ)

desc

→ Tamil: சாமான் (cāmāṉ)

→ Tamil: சாமான் (cāmāṉ)

From Middle Persian sʾmʾn' (sāmān, “limit, boundary”), related to سامه (sâme, “condition, bet”). Cognate with Mazanderani سامون (sāmun, “land, border”). Akin to Old Armenian սահման (sahman); an Iranian borrowing.

cog

boundary, limit, place where any sign or mark is placed to separate one field from another, a balk


پیکر

head

پیکر • (peykar) (plural پیکرها (peykar-hâ))

peykar (romanization)
پیکرها (plural)
پیکر (singular)
paykar (singular)
پیکرها (plural)
paykar-hấ (plural)
پیکرا (colloquial plural)
paykarấ (plural)
پیکر را (definite direct-object singular)
paykar râ (definite direct-object singular)
پیکر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
paykaro (definite direct-object singular)
پیکرها را (definite direct-object plural)
paykar-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
پیکرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
paykarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پیکر (ezafe singular)
paykar-e (ezafe singular)
پیکرهای (ezafe plural)
paykar-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پیکرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
paykarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پیکری (definite relative singular)
پیکری (indefinite singular stressed)
paykar-i (definite relative singular)
paykar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پیکرهایی (definite plural relative)
پیکرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
paykarấn-i, paykar-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
paykarấn-i, paykar-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
پیکرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پیکرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
paykarấi (definite plural relative)
paykarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
پیکرم (first-person possessive singular)
paykaram (first-person possessive singular)
پیکرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
paykar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
پیکرهام، پیکرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
paykarấm (first-person possessive singular)
پیکرت (possessive second-person singular)
paykarat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
paykaret (possessive second-person singular)
پیکرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
paykar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
پیکرهات، پیکرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
paykarất (possessive second-person singular)
پیکرش (possessive singular third-person)
paykaraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
paykareš (possessive singular third-person)
پیکرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
paykar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
پیکرهاش، پیکراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
paykarấš (possessive singular third-person)
پیکرمان (first-person plural possessive)
paykaremân (first-person plural possessive)
پیکرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
paykaremun (first-person plural possessive)
پیکرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
paykar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
پیکرهامون، پیکرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
paykarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
پیکرتان (plural possessive second-person)
paykaretân (plural possessive second-person)
پیکرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
paykaretun (plural possessive second-person)
پیکرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
paykar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
پیکرهاتون، پیکراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
paykarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
پیکرشان (plural possessive third-person)
paykarešân (plural possessive third-person)
پیکرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
paykarešun (plural possessive third-person)
پیکرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
paykar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
پیکرهاشون، پیکراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
paykarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭲𐭪𐭫 (ptkl /patkar, pahikar/, “picture, image”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎣𐎼 (p-t-i-k-r /patikarā/), from Proto-Iranian *patikárah. Compare Armenian պատկեր (patker, “picture, likeness”), an Iranian borrowing.


دستیار

head

دستیار • (dastyâr) (plural دستیاران (dastyârân) or دستیارها (dastyâr-hâ))

dastyâr (romanization)
دستیاران (plural)
دستیارها (plural)

From Middle Persian dstydʾl (dastyār). Compare Manichaean Parthian dstdʾr (dstdʾr) and Old Armenian դաստիարակ (dastiarak); an Iranian borrowing.


تک

From Middle Persian tk' (tag, “running; attack”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ-. Related to تاختن (tâxtan, “to attack”), and also related to Old Armenian ասպատակ (aspatak); which is an Iranian borrowing.


تک

(rare, regional) A small spherical ball of glass used in children's games, marble.


چاشنی

head

چاشنی • (čâšni)

fa-noun

چاشنی • (čâšni)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाशनी (cāśnī)

Urdu: چاشنی (cāśnī)

→ Turkish: çeşni

[t͡ʃɑːʃ.ˈniː]

[t͡ʃʰɑːʃ.níː]

[t͡ʃʰɑːʃ.níː]

[t͡ʃʰɑːʃ.níː]

[t͡ʃʰɔːʃ.ní]

[t͡ʃʰɒːʃ.níː]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cʾšnyk /čāšnīg/), related to چشیدن (češidan, “to taste”), ultimately a suffixed form of Proto-Iranian *čaš- (“to taste”).


دسته

head

دسته • (daste) (plural دستهها (daste-hâ) or دستجات (dastejât))

daste (romanization)
دستهها (plural)
دستجات (plural)

→ Bashkir: тиҫтә (tiśtə)

→ Georgian: დასტა (dasṭa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्ता (dastā)

Urdu: دَسْتَہ (dasta)

→ Kazakh: десте (deste)

→ Kyrgyz: десте (deste)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: दस्तौ (dastau)

Mahajani script: 𑅥𑅰𑅣𑅒 (dstu /dastau/)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: դաստա (dasta), դաստայ (dastay), դաստէ (dastē)

Armenian: դաստա (dasta)

→ Northern Kurdish: deste

→ Old East Slavic: десть (destĭ) (via Turkic)

Russian: десть (destʹ)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: دسته (dästä)
Azerbaijani: dəstə
Ottoman Turkish: دسته (deste, teste)
Turkish: deste
→ Arabic: دَسْتَة (dasta)
→ Bulgarian: тесте (teste)
→ Macedonian: тесте (teste)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: тѐсте
Latin script: tèste

→ Ossetian: даста (dasta)

→ Romani: destó

→ Uzbek: dasta

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dstk' /dastag/, “bunch, bundle, group; handle”), equivalent to دست (dast, “hand”) + ـه (-e). Akin to Old Armenian դաստակ (dastak), տստակ (tstak), Arabic دَسْتَج (dastaj), Classical Syriac ܕܣܬܩܐ (dastəqāʾ), all Iranian borrowings.

inh

دستهٔ تبر

دستهٔ کارد

دستهٔ گل

دستههای پرندگان

دستههای مختلف موسیقی


دایه

head

دایه • (dâye)

fa-noun

دایه • (dâye)

desctree

→ Arabic: دَايَة (dāya)
Andalusian Arabic: داية (dāya)
Gulf Arabic: داية (dāya)

Inherited from Middle Persian dʾyk (dāyak, “nurse”). Akin to Old Armenian դայեակ (dayeak), an Iranian borrowing.


شبی

head

شبی • (šabi)

fa-noun

شبی • (šabi)

From شب (šab). Akin to Old Armenian շապիկ (šapik); an Iranian borrowing.


کپی

kapi (romanization)
kappi (romanization)

[kʰʲæp.pʰíː]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (kpyk' /kabīg/, “monkey”), from Sanskrit कपि (kapi, “ape, monkey”). Akin to Old Armenian կապիկ (kapik); an Iranian borrowing.

inh+

شیری که پیل بشکند از بیم تیغ تو
اندر ولایت تو چو کپی رود ستان

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 171”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

Out of fear for your blade, the lion that brings down elephants
Walks feebly like the monkey in your domain.

šērē ki pīl biškanad az bēm-i tēğ-i tu
andar wilāyat-i tu čū kappī rawad sitān


پازو

head

پازو • (pâzu)

fa-noun

پازو • (pâzu)

From a dialectal form of Armenian բազուկ (bazuk, “beet”).


زالو

head

زالو • (zâlu)

fa-noun

زالو • (zâlu)

From earlier form زلو (zalū) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (złwk' /zalūg/) from Proto-Iranian *jaluš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aluš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelu-.
Akin to Old Armenian տզրուկ (tzruk); an Iranian borrowing.


شارستان

head

شارستان • (šârestân, šârastân)

fa-noun

شارستان • (šârestân, šârastân)

šârestân (romanization)
šârastân (romanization)

From شهرستان (šahrestân). Akin to Old Armenian շահաստան (šahastan); an Iranian borrowing.


زروک

From Proto-Iranian *jaluš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aluš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelu-. Akin to Old Armenian տզրուկ (tzruk), an Iranian borrowing.


پاسبان

head

پاسْبان • (pâsbân) (plural پاسبانان (pâsbânân) or پاسبانها (pâsbân-hâ))

پاسْبان (canonical)
pâsbân (romanization)
پاسبانان (plural)
پاسبانها (plural)

→ Middle Armenian: փասպան (pʻaspan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاسبان (pasban), پاسوان (pasvan), پازواند (pazvand), پازونت (pazvant), پازوند (pazvand)
Turkish: pazvant
→ Albanian: pazvan
→ Aromanian: pãzvan, pãzvandu
→ Bulgarian: пазва́н (pazván), пазва́нт (pazvánt)
→ Greek: πασβάντης (pasvántis), παζβάντης (pazvántis)
→ Macedonian: пазван (pazvan), пазвант m (pazvant), пазвантин m (pazvantin)
→ Romanian: pazvan, pazvant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пазван
Latin script: pazvan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पासबान (pāsbān)

Urdu: پاسبان (pāsbān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾspʾn' /pāsbān/, “guard, watcher”), which is akin to Old Armenian պահապան (pahapan), an Iranian borrowing.


شهرستان

head

شهرستان • (šahrestân) (plural شهرستانها (šahrestân-hâ))

šahrestân (romanization)
شهرستانها (plural)

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃɔː.ɾis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ʃæɦ.ɹes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

[ʃäɦ.ɾis.t̪ʰɔ́n]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (MDYNA /šahrestān/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (štr'stʾn' /šahrestān/), 𐫢𐫍𐫡𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (šhrstʾn /šahrestān/, “provincial capital, city”). By surface analysis, شهر (šahr, “city”) + ـستان (stân).


ساگوارو

head

ساگوارو • (sâguâro)

fa-noun

ساگوارو • (sâguâro)


جوهر

head

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جوهرها (jowhar-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), itself from Early Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).


جوهر

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جواهر (javâher))

→ Bengali: জওহর (joōhor)

→ Gujarati: જૌહર (jauhar), જોહર (johar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जौहर (jauhar)

Urdu: جَوہَر (jauhar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar)

Shahmukhi script: جَوہَر (jauhar)


ارس

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs /ars/, “tear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”).


ارس

ارس • (classical urs, aris, iranian ors)

classical urs (romanization)
aris (romanization)
iranian ors (romanization)

From Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbwrs /aburs/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā, which has also been inherited as Middle Persian *abuhl, Persian وهل (vohl), ابل (abol), بل (bol), whence via Arabic ابهل (abhol, obhol). Also passed from two Turkic forms as اردج (ardej, “juniper”) and آرچه (ârča). With a suffix to first forms also in برسان (barsân, bersân, “a kind of dark-coloured odoriferous syrup”).


داور

head

داور • (dâvar) (plural داوران (dâvarân) or داورها (dâvar-hâ))

dâvar (romanization)
داوران (plural)
داورها (plural)

→ Classical Azerbaijani: davər

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾtwbl /dādwar/, “judge”) By surface analysis, داد (dâd, “justice”) + ـور (-var).


هنگام

hangâm (romanization)
hengâm (romanization)

→ Gujarati: હંગામ (haṅgām)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hngʾm /hangām/, “time, occasion”); by surface analysis, هن (han, “alternative form of همـ (ham-, “co-”)”) + گام (gām, “step”). Akin to Old Armenian հանգամանք (hangamankʻ, “details, circumstances, way”), an Iranian borrowing.

surf

alternative form of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">همـ</i> (ham-, “co-”)

cog

9th century, Firdowsi, Shahnameh
به جامسپ گفت ار چنین است کار
به هنگام رفتن سوی کارزار
ba jâmasp guft ar čenin ast kâr
ba hangâm-î raftan sôy-î kârzâr

11th century, Manuchehri
هنگام بهار است و جهان چون بت فرخار
خیز ای بت فرخار و بیار آن گل بی خار
hangâm-î bahâr ast u jahân čun but-î farxâr, xêz ay but-î farxâr u beyâr ân gul-î be xâr


توصیف

گشته معدوم بر رمح توصیف رستم
گشته منسوخ بر نام تو تیر آرش

c. 1160, Rashīd ad-Dīn Vaṭvāṭ, دیوان وطواط:

The praise of Rustam became nonexistent due to [praise of your] spear;
The arrow of Ārash became erased due to your name.

gašta ma'dūm bar rumh tawsīf-i rustam
gašta mansūx bar nām-i tu tīr-i āraš


دشنه

dešne (romanization)
dašne (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dšnk' /dašnag/, “right hand; dagger”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (dšn' /dašn/, “right hand”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (-k' /-ag/). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դաշնակ (dašnak), դաշոյն (dašoyn), Classical Syriac ܕܫܢܓ (dašnag, “two-edged dagger”), Arabic دشنج (dašnaj, “dagger”), Georgian დაშნა (dašna, “sword”).


دشنه

head

دشنه • (došna)

fa-noun

دشنه • (došna)


کارگیر

head

کارگیر • (kârgir)

Borrowed from Middle Armenian քարուկիր (kʻarukir). Modified by association with کار (kâr, “work”) + گیر (gir, “hold”).


حملات

hamalât (romanization)
hamelât (romanization)

حمله حمله#Persian


آبگینه

head

آبگینه • (âbgine) (plural آبگینهها (âbgine-hâ))

[ʔɑːβ.ɡiː.ˈna]

[ʔɒːb.ɡʲiː.né]

From Middle Persian ʾp̄ḵynk' (ābgēnag, “crystal, glass”), compound of ʾp̄ (āb, “water”) + -kyn' (-gēn) + -k' (-ag). Akin to Sogdian [script needed] (ʾʾpkyn-), [script needed] (ʾʾpkynʾk, “crystal”), Ossetian авг (avg) (Iron) / авгӕ (avgæ, “glass; bottle”) (Digor), and also Old Armenian ապակի (apaki), Coptic ⲁⲃⲁϫⲏⲓⲛⲓ (abačēini), and Hungarian üveg (“glass; bottle”); Iranian borrowings.

inh

آبگینهی زرد چون سازی نقاب
زرد بینی جمله نور آفتاب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3958:

When you make yellow glass a veil,
you see all the sunlight yellow.

ābgina-i zard čōn sāzī niqāb
zard bīnī jumla nūr-i āftāb


جز

joz (romanization)
جز
جزء
joz, joz'
جزء (ezafe)
joz'-e (ezafe)
جزئی (definite relative)
جزئی (indefinite stressed)
joz'-i (definite relative)
joz'-i (indefinite stressed)


لغات

head

لغات • (loğât)


درب

From Middle Persian dlpʾs (darbās), a derivative of Proto-Iranian *dwā́r, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́r, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr (“door”).


محاسبه

محاسبه • (mohâsebe) (plural محاسبات (mohâsebât))

mohâsebe (romanization)
محاسبات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَاسَبَة (muḥāsaba).

bor+

این تحقیق به جای محاسبه وزن به نسبت با قد به بررسی درصد چربی بدن پرداخته است.

2024 May 30, “نتیجه یک تحقیق: میلیونها میانسال چاق هستند بدون آنکه خود بدانند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian, archived from the original on 2024-05-31:

Instead of calculating weight relative to height, this study has conducted investigations of body fat percentage.

in tahqiq be jâ-ye mohâsebe-ye vazn be nesbat bâ qad be barrasi-ye darsad-e čarbi-ye badan pardâxte ast.


حلب

Back-formation from حلبی (halabi), from the city name of Aleppo.


شل

Cognate with Mazanderani اشکل (eškel, “thigh, thighbone”), from Proto-Indo-European *skelo-.


حرکات

حرکت حرکت#Persian


حرکت

head

حَرَکَت • (harakat) (plural حرکات (harakât) or حرکتها (harakat-hâ))

حَرَکَت (canonical)
harakat (romanization)
حرکات (plural)
حرکتها (plural)

[ʔä.ɾä.kʰǽt̪]

[ʔä.ɾä.kʰǽt̪]

[hæ.ɹæ.kʰʲǽt̪]

[hæɹ.kʰʲǽt̪]


درفش

→ Urdu: دُرَفش (durafš)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlpš /drafš/, “banner”), perhaps from a hypothetical Proto-Iranian *drafš- (“to "behave" like a banner, fly up, shine, tremble”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *drep- (“to cut, tear off (a piece)”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫅𐫡𐫜𐫢 (drfš /drafš/), Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬱𐬀- (drafša-), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾrδʾšp), Sanskrit द्रप्स (drapsá); outside Indo-Iranian, compare in particular Late Latin drappus (“piece of cloth”). Akin to the borrowings: Old Armenian դրաւշ (drawš), Old Georgian დროშაჲ (drošay), დრაუჟი (drauži), Ossetian тырыса (tyrysa), туруса (turusa), Classical Syriac ܕܪܦܫܐ (drap̄šā).


ناو

→ Armenian: նավ (nav)

→ Azerbaijani: nov

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناو (nav)
Turkish: nav

→ Udi: наъв (na̱v, “gutter, trough”)

From Middle Persian nʾw (nāw, “ship”), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎠𐎺 (n-a-v /nāva/), from Proto-Iranian *náHuš (compare Ossetian нау (naw) / науӕ (nawæ)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náHuš (compare Sanskrit नाव (nāva)), from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (compare Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs), Latin nāvis).

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
[…]ناوی ده بیاوردند.
[…] nâvê dah biyâvardand.

a river, stream; channel, canal, aqueduct; river basin

the furrow or groove down the middle of a man's back or the loins of a horse; also in a grain of wheat and a date-stone

the passage through which the meal or flour runs when grinding


یاخته

head

یاخته • (yâxte)

fa-noun

یاخته • (yâxte)


آمیخته

head

آمیخته • (âmêxte)

fa-noun

آمیخته • (âmêxte)


درمانگاه

head

دَرْمانْگاه • (darmângâh)

fa-noun

دَرْمانْگاه • (darmângâh)

دَرْمانْگاه (canonical)
darmângâh (romanization)

[d̪äɾ.mɑːŋ.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äɾ.mɑːŋ.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äɾ.mɑːŋ.ɡɑ́ː]

[d̪äɾ.mɔːŋ.ɡɔ́ː]

[d̪æɹ.mɒːŋ.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[d̪äɾ.mɔŋ.ɡɔ́ʱ]


ورز

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *warj-; see there for more. Cognate with English work and Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).


بیور

From Middle Persian 𐫁𐫏𐫇𐫡 (bywr /bēwar/, “myriad, ten thousand”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *baywā́.


خزان

head

خزان • (xazân)

fa-noun

خزان • (xazân)

→ Azerbaijani: xəzan

→ Gujarati: ખઝાન (khajhān)

→ Kazakh: қазан (qazan)

→ Uzbek: xazon

→ Urdu: خزاں (xizā̃)

Probably from Bactrian. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (γzʾnh /xazān/), also probably a Bactrian borrowing.

11th century, Manuchehri
خیزید و خز آرید که هنگام خزان است
باد خنک از جانب خوارزم وزان است
xêzêd u xaz ârêd ki hangâm-i xazân ast
bâd-i xunuk az jânib-i xwârazm vazân ast
Get up and bring fur clothes as autumn is here

A cold wind is blowing from the Khwarazm yonder


بازگشت

head

بازگشت • (bâzgašt) (plural بازگشتها (bâzgašt-hâ))

bâzgašt (romanization)
بازگشتها (plural)

[bɒːzˈɡʲæʃt̪]

Deverbal noun from بازگشتن (bâzgaštan, “to return”).


بارش

بارش • (bâreš)

fa-noun

بارش • (bâreš)


تصویر

head

تَصْویر • (tasvir) (plural تَصَاویر (tasâvir) or تَصْویرْهَا (tasvir-hâ))

تَصْویر (canonical)
tasvir (romanization)
تَصَاویر (plural)
تَصْویرْهَا (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: təsvir

→ Bengali: তসবির (tosbir)

→ Gujarati: તસવીર (tasvīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तस्वीर (tasvīr)

Urdu: تَصْوِیر (tasvīr)

→ Kashmiri: تصویٖر (tasvir)

→ Kumyk: тасвир (taswir)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਸਵੀਰ (tasvīr)

Shahmukhi script: تَصْوِیر (taṣvīr)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: تەسۋىر (teswir)

Uzbek: tasvir

[t̪ʰäs.wíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäs.wíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäs.wíːɾ]

[t̪ʰæs.víːɹ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَصْوِير (taṣwīr), from صَوَّرَ (ṣawwara).

etymon

image, depiction, portrayal (representation of reality)

تصویری از حقیقت


پیش

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pyš /pēš/, “before, pre-, past, beside”), of unclear further origin. Multiple theories have been proposed:
* Horn takes the word as a derivative of Old Persian [script needed] (patiš, “against”), from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front; first”); this is rejected by Hubschmann.
* Nyberg considers the word as a southwestern dialectal form of Old Persian [script needed] (paišiyā, “in front, before”); however, he does not elaborate further.
* Gershevitch derives the word from Proto-Iranian *pasya-, from Proto-Iranian *pas- (“to observe, look”) (with phonetic assimilation of *sy- to š-, ala the shift from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah (“tortoise, turtle”) to Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise, turtle”)), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to see, look, observe”).
* Most likely, according to Edelman, is a derivation from an earlier Proto-Iranian *pati-aši- (“before or against one's eyes”), from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”) + *Háši (“eye”), the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši (“eye”). This would make the word an exact cognate with Sanskrit प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakṣa, “present before the eyes, obvious, clear”).

cog

پیش شاهنشاه


بیگانه

head

بیگانه • (bigâne) (plural بیگانگان (bigânegân) or بیگانهها (bigâne-hâ))

bigâne (romanization)
بیگانگان (plural)
بیگانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: biganə

→ Bengali: বেগানা (begana)

→ Gujarati: બેગાના (begānā)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: बेगांनां (begā̃nā̃)
Hindustani:
Hindi: बेगाना (begānā)
Urdu: بیگانَہ (begānā)

→ Old Punjabi: ਬੇਗਾਨਾ (begānā), ਬਿਗਾਨਾ (bigānā, “strange, odd, unrelated, alien”)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਗਾਨਾ (bigānā)
Shahmukhi script: بِگانہ (bigānh)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: ويڳاڻو

Devanagari script: वेॻाणो

Inherited from Middle Persian byk'nk' (/bēgānag/, “stranger”). Cognate to Northern Kurdish biyanî.

ref

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bēgānag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18

در زمین مردمان خانه مکن
کار خود کن کار بیگانه مکن

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 263:

Do not make your home in (other) men's land:
do your own work, don't do the work of a stranger.

dar zamīn-i mardumān xāne ma-kun
kār-i xwad kun kār-i bēgāna ma-kun


رویه

From رو (rav-, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـیه (-iyye).

af

رو
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)>


رویه

From روی (ruy, “face, surface”) + ـه (-e).


هنجار

head

هنجار • (hanjâr)

fa-noun

هنجار • (hanjâr)

From Middle Persian 𐭤𐭭𐭰𐭠𐭥 (hanjār), from Parthian ʾnjʾr (anjār, “behaviour”). Akin to Old Armenian հանճար (hančar), an Iranian borrowing.


خود

From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).


خود

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)

Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)

From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.

cog

Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)


قبول

→ Bengali: কবুল (kobul)

→ Gujarati: કબૂલ (kabūl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़बूल (qabūl)

Urdu: قبول (qubūl)

→ Marathi: कबूल (kabūl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬੂਲ (kabūl)

Shahmukhi script: قَبول (qabol)

Borrowed from Arabic قَبُول (qabūl, “acceptance, assent, consent”).

bor+

در یکی تره چو این عذر ای فضول
مینیاید پیش بقالی قبول

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3062:

Since this excuse, O trifler, is not accepted [even] by a greengrocer in the case of [stealing] a single vegetable.

dar yaki torre čo in 'ozr ey fozul
mi-nay-âyad piš-e baqqâl-i qabul


گنبد

head

گنبد • (gombad) (plural گنبدها (gombad-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: جُنْبَد (jumbad), جُنْبَذ (jumbaḏ), جُنْبُذ m (jumbuḏ)

→ Assamese: গম্বুজ (gombuz), গুম্বজ (gumboz)

→ Azerbaijani: günbəz / گنبذ

→ Bashkir: көмбәҙ (kömbəź)

→ Bengali: গম্বুজ (gombuj), গুম্বজ (gumboj)

→ Gojri: گُمَٹ (gumaṭ)

→ Gujarati: ગુંબજ (gumbaj), ઘુંમટ (ghummaṭ), ઘૂમટ (ghūmaṭ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुंबज़ (gumbaz)

Urdu: گُنْبَد (gumbad), گُنْبَذ (gumbaz)

→ Kannada: ಗುಮ್ಮಟ (gummaṭa)

→ Kazakh: күмбез (kümbez)

→ Konkani: ghumaṭ

Devanagari script: घुमट

Kannada script: ಘುಮಟ್

Latin script: ghumott

→ Kyrgyz: күмбөз (kümböz)

→ Malvi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)

→ Mandarin: 拱北 (Gǒngběi)

→ Marathi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: गुंबज (gumbaj), घुमट (ghumaṭ)

Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅒𑅧𑅪𑅛 (gunbj), 𑅘𑅒𑅬𑅞 (ghumṭ)

→ Nepali: गुमज (gumaj)

→ Nogai: куьмбез (kümbez)

→ Odia: ଗୁମୁଟ (gumuṭa)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنبد (kümbed)
Turkish: kümbet
→ Armenian: քիւմպէթ (kʻiwmpētʻ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁੰਬਦ (gumbad)

Shahmukhi script: گُنبَد (gunbad)

desc

→ Saraiki: گُمُّذ (gummuẕ), گُمّبذ (gummbẕ)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: گُنبَذُ

Devanagari script: गुंबजु

Khudabadi script: 𑊼𑋣𑋟𑋔𑋂𑋩𑋣 (gumbazu)

→ Tamil: கும்மட்டம் (kummaṭṭam)

→ Telugu: గుమ్మటము (gummaṭamu)

→ Turkmen: gümmez

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: گۇمبەز (gumbez)

Uzbek: gumbaz

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gwmbt' /gumbad/, “dome, fire-temple”), from Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܬܐ (qubbəṯā). Doublet of قبه (qobbe, “dome”), also from Syriac but through Arabic. Compare Old Armenian գմբեթ (gmbetʻ) and Georgian გუმბათი (gumbati), Iranian borrowings.

inh+

معلوم نیست ک اولین گنبد چه زمانی ساخته شد.

It is not known when the first dome was built.

ma'lum nist ke avvalin gombad če zamâni sâxte šod.

و میان ری و آمل کوه دماوند است مانند گنبدی و آن را لواسان گویند، و گویند بر سر آن چاهیست که نوشادر از آن حاصل میشود و گویند که کبریت نیز، و مردم پوست گاو ببرند و پر نوشادر کنند و از سر کوه بغلتانند که به راه نتوان فرود آوردن.

And between the road from Ray to Āmul, there is Mount Damāvand like a dome; it is called Lavāsān. It is said that from its summit, there is a well which produces sal ammoniac, and they say also sulfur. People bring cowskin, fill it with sal ammoniac, and roll it down from the summit of the mountain, since it is impossible to bring it down by road.

wa miyān-i ray u āmul kōh-i damāwand ast mānand-i gumbadē u ān rā lawāsān gūyand, u gūyand bar sar-i ān čāhē-st ki nōšādur az ān hāsil mē-šawad u gūyand ki kibrīt nēz, u mardum pōst-i gāw bibarand u purr-i nōšādur kunand u az sar-i kōh biğaltānand ki ba rāh na-tawān furōd āwardan.

(metonymically) domed mausoleum or monument


سرسرا

[säɾ.sä.ɾɑ́ː]

[säɾ.sä.ɾɑ́ː]

[säɾ.sä.ɾɑ́ː]

[säɾ.sä.ɾɔ́ː]

[sæɹ.sæ.ɹɒ́ː]

[säɾ.sä.ɾɔ́]

entry, entrance hall, foyer, hall, vestibule (room just inside the front door of a building)


قنطار

Borrowed from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“hundredweight”).


دایره

head

دایره • (dâyere) (plural دوائر (davâ'er))

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

Etymology tree
Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira)bor.
Persian دایرهBorrowed from Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira).

etymon

دایره کشیدن


ماشین حساب

head

ماشینِ حِساب

ماشینِ حِساب • (mâšin-e hesâb)

fa-noun

ماشینِ حِساب

ماشینِ حِساب • (mâšin-e hesâb)

ماشینِ حِساب (canonical)
mâšin-e hesâb (romanization)

[mɑː.ʃíː.nɪ hɪ.sɑ́ːb]

[mɑː.ʃíː.nɪ hɪ.sɑ́ːb]

[mɑː.ʃíː.nɪ ʔɪ.sɑ́ːb]


طبیعت

طَبیعَت (canonical)
tabi'at (romanization)

→ Bashkir: тәбиғәт (təbiğət)

→ Bengali: তবিয়ত (tobiyot)

→ Chagatai: طبیعت

desc

Uyghur: تەبىئەت (tebi'et), تەبىەت (tebiet)

Uzbek: tabiat

→ Gujarati: તબિયત (tabiyat), તબીઅત (tabīat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तबीयत (tabīyat)

Urdu: طَبِیعَت (tabī'at)

→ Kyrgyz: табият (tabiyat)

→ Kazakh: табиғат (tabiğat)

→ Tatar: табигать (tabigat’)

→ Turkmen: tebigat

Etymology tree
Arabic طَبِيعَة (ṭabīʕa)bor.
Persian طبیعتBorrowed from Arabic طَبِيعَة (ṭabīʕa).

etymon

طبیعت انسانی

nature; temperament; disposition; character

معشوق من
همچون طبیعت
مفهوم ناگزیر صریحی دارد
او با شکست من
قانون صادقانهٔ قدرت را
تأیید میکند

1963, Forugh Farrokhzad, “معشوق من”, in تولدی دیگر [Another Birth]:

Just like nature
My lover
Has a clear, indispensable meaning
By subjugating me, he
Gives the proof
To the honest law of force

ma'šuq-e man
hamčon tabi'at
mafhum-e nâgozir-e sarihi dârad
u bâ šekast-e man
qânun-e sâdeqâne-ye qodrat râ
ta'yid mi-konad


شکیبائی

head

شکیبائی • (šakibâ'i)

fa-noun

شکیبائی • (šakibâ'i)


دنبال

head

دنبال • (donbâl)

fa-noun

دنبال • (donbâl)


پس

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭮 (ps /pas/, “then, afterwards, behind”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎿𐎠 (p-s-a /pasā/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pasčáH, from Proto-Indo-European *pos-(sḱ)-kʷéh₁.

inh

(literary) back part; (with ezâfe) behind


قدیمی

head

قَدیمی • (qadimi) (plural قدیمیها (qadimi-hâ))

قَدیمی (canonical)
qadimi (romanization)
قدیمیها (plural)


جلو

Perhaps derived from Mongolian жолоо (žoloo, “rein”).


استراحت

head

اِستِراحَت • (esterâhat)

fa-noun

اِستِراحَت • (esterâhat)

اِستِراحَت (canonical)
esterâhat (romanization)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑː.ɦǽt̪]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑː.ɦǽt̪]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːǽt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِرَاحَة (istirāḥa).

bor+

اِسْتِرَاحَة

من برای استراحت به شمال میروم. (more literary)

I'm going to the North [the Caspian coast of Iran] to relax.

man barâ-ye esterâhat be šomâl mi-ravam.

من برای استراحت به شمال میرم. (more colloquial)


پوزه

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pwzk' /pōzag/, “nose, nostril”).


بید

→ Northern Kurdish: bîd

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wyt /wēd/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waytaháh, from Proto-Iranian *waytasás, from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁itis.

درختِ بید


بید

Unknown, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), in reference to the harmful activities of these insects. Compare the variants بیو (biv), بیب (bib).

der

moth; especially, the clothes moth or other types of moths that cause damage to crops or fabric, or the larva thereof


مفهوم

یک مفهوم مرموز


مجموعه

head

مجموعه • (majmu'e) (plural مجموعهها (majmu'e-hâ))

majmu'e (romanization)
مجموعهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مَجْمُوعَة (majmūʕa).

bor+

(mathematics) set (set theory: collection of objects)


بلال

head

بلال • (balâl) (plural بلالها (balâl-hâ))

Borrowed from an Indic language, compare Sanskrit पलाल (palāla, “stalk, straw”) and Hindi पलाल (palāl, “straw”).

maize (corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays)


رونوشت

رونوشت • (rônevešt) (plural رونوشتها (rônevešt-hâ))

rônevešt (romanization)
رونوشتها (plural)

copy (result of copying; an identical duplication)


پیژامه

پیژامه • (pižâme) (plural پیژامهها (pižâme-hâ))

Borrowed from British English pyjama, from Hindi पैजामा (paijāmā) / Urdu پائِجامَہ (pāijāma), from Classical Persian پایجامه (pāyjāma), archaic form of پاجامه (pājāma). Doublet of پاجامه.

der

Urdu پائِجامَہ (pāijāma)

pyjamas (clothes for wearing to bed and sleeping in)


معادله

head

معادله • (mo'âdele) (plural معادلهها (mo'âdele-hâ) or معادلات (mo'âdelât))

mo'âdele (romanization)
معادلهها (plural)
معادلات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَادَلَة (muʕādala).


توله‌خر

تولهخر (canonical)
tule-xar (romanization)

Compounded from توله (tule) and خر (xar).


توله

head

توله • (tôle)

fa-noun

توله • (tôle)

Inherited from Middle Persian *tōlag, whence also Arabic طَوْلَق (ṭawlaq, “mallow”).


توله

head

توله • (tôle)

fa-noun

توله • (tôle)

Borrowed from Hindustani تولا (tola) / तोला (tolā). The weight corresponds to the weight of an Indian silver rupee during the whole Mughal Empire.

تولا تولا#Persian

Alternative form of تولا (tôlâ, “weight measure for especially silver and gold of about 11.6 grams”)


نردبان

head

نَرْدِبان • (nardebân)

fa-noun

نَرْدِبان • (nardebân)

نَرْدِبان (canonical)
nardebân (romanization)

→ Armenian: նարդիվան (nardivan)

→ Azerbaijani: nərdivan

→ Crimean Tatar: nerduban

→ Ottoman Turkish: نردبان

Ottoman Turkish: مردیوهن

Turkish: merdiven

Crimean Tatar: merdiven

Turkmen: merdiwan

From نرد (“tree trunk”) + بان, a variant of بام (“roof”).


فعل متعدی

head

فعل متعدی • (fe'l-e mote'addi, fe'l-e mota'addi)

fe'l-e mote'addi (romanization)
fe'l-e mota'addi (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ (fiʕl mutaʕaddin).

bor+

فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ


ژیرش

head

ژیرش • (žireš)

fa-noun

ژیرش • (žireš)

From ژیر (žir, “act, present stem of ژیریدن (žiridan)”) + ـش (-eš, “-tion”).

af

act, present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ژیریدن</i> (žiridan)


سرچشمه

head

سرچشمه • (sarčešme) (plural سرچشمهها (sarčešme-hâ))

sarčešme (romanization)
سرچشمهها (plural)

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

From سر (sar, “head”) + ـچشمه (-češme, “source, spring”). Compare Central Kurdish سەرچاوە (serçawe) and Northern Kurdish serekanî.

af

روز جمعه بیست و هفتم هوا صاف و آفتاب بسیار خوبی بود سوار شده رفتیم بطرف دره بالا و سرچشمه از آب معدنی کذشتیم آبش مثل سنوات قدیمه که دیده بودیم میآمد کل


بیشتر

head

بیشتر • (bištar)

fa-noun

بیشتر • (bištar)

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[biːʃ.t̪ʰæɹ]

From بیش (biš, “more”) + ـتر (-tar, comparative suffix).

af

بیشتر آثارش


قهرمان

head

قهرمان • (qahramân) (plural قهرمانان (qahramânân) or قهرمانها (qahramân-hâ))

qahramân (romanization)
قهرمانان (plural)
قهرمانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhrəman

→ Chagatai: قهرمان

Uyghur: قەھرىمان (qehriman)

Uzbek: qahramon

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हरमान (qaharmān)

Urdu: قہرمان (qahrmān)

→ Georgian: ყარამანი (q̇aramani)

→ Kazakh: қаһарман (qaharman)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهرمان

Turkish: kahraman

→ Turkmen: gahryman

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɑː.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɔː.ɾä.mɔ́ːn]

[qæɦ.ɹæ.mɒ́ːn]

From original کهرمان (kahramân), from a dialectal form of Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾlplmʾn /kārframān/, “overseer, manager”), from Old Median *karhramāna-. The form with initial q- by association with Arabic قَهْر (qahr, “conquest, subjugation, violence, wrath”).

der

قهرمان افسانهای

قهرمان شنا

قهرمان فیلم اکشن


سیم

→ Gujarati: સીમ (sīm)

From Middle Persian [script needed] ((ʾ)sym /(a)sēm/, “silver”), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎡𐎹𐎶𐎶 (s-i-y-m-m /siyamam/), from Ancient Greek ἄσημον (ásēmon, “silverware”), neuter form of ἄσημος (ásēmos, “pure, unmarked”). Akin to Parthian hsym (hasēm, “silver”), Bactrian σιμινο (simino, “made of silver, silverware”).

cog

سیم تلفن

سیم خاردار

سیم ویولن

نرگسک آن طشت سیم باز به سر برنهاد
 بر سر سیمینه طشت طاسک زر برنهاد

c. 1850, Mirzā Ḥabib-Allāh Širāzi Qāʾāni, وله ایضاً فی مدحه:

The little narcissus has again put that silver basin on its head
Upon the silvery head, the basin has put a little golden bowl

nargesak ân tašt-e sim bâz be sar barnehâd
bar sar-e simine tasht tâsak-e zar barnehâd


سیم

Short for ماهی سیم (mâhi-ye sim), literally “silver fish”, but its old form was شیم (šim).


سیم

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/seyom/).


خالو

head

خالو • (xâlu)

fa-noun

خالو • (xâlu)


جمله

head

جمله • (jomle) (plural جملات (jomalât) or جملهها (jomle-hâ))

jomle (romanization)
جملات (plural)
جملهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुमला (jumlā)

Urdu: جُمْلَہ (jumlā)

(grammar) sentence (grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate)


نامادری

نامادری • (nâmâdari)

fa-noun

نامادری • (nâmâdari)


مادرشوهر

[mɑː.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[mɑː.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[mɑː.d̪äɾ.ʃä.wäɾ]

[mɔː.d̪äɾ.ʃä.wäɾ]


پدرشوهر

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[pʰɪ.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[pʰɪ.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.ʃä.wäɾ]

[pʰɪ.d̪äɾ.ʃä.wäɾ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.ʃä.wäɾ]

[pʰä.d̪äɾ.ʃäw.häɾ]


دایی

head

دایی • (dâyi)

fa-noun

دایی • (dâyi)

→ Khalaj: dâyı

A Turkic borrowing: compare Turkish dayı, Azerbaijani dayı.

(chiefly Iran) maternal uncle (mother's brother)


گالش

head

گالش • (gâloš)

fa-noun

گالش • (gâloš)


تنفس

From the Arabic verbal noun تَنَفُّس (tanaffus).


تازه‌کار

head

تازهکار • (tâze-kâr) (plural تازهکاران (tâze-kârân) or تازهکارها (tâze-kâr-hâ))

تازهکار (canonical)
tâze-kâr (romanization)
تازهکاران (plural)
تازهکارها (plural)

[t̪ʰɒːzeˈkʰɒːɾ]

beginner (someone who just recently started)


مبتدی

مبتدی • (mobtadi) (plural مبتدیها (mobtadi-hâ) or مبتدیان (mobtadiân))

mobtadi (romanization)
مبتدیها (plural)
مبتدیان (plural)


خمیر

→ Romani: xamur

→ Azerbaijani: xəmir

→ Bashkir: ҡамыр (qamır)

→ Crimean Tatar: qamır

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़मीर (xamīr)

Urdu: خمیر (xamīr)

→ Kazakh: қамыр (qamyr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خامور

Turkish: hamur

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਮੀਰ (khamīr)

Arabic script: خمیر (xamīr)

→ Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠁ (xai)

→ Turkmen: hamyr

→ Uyghur: خېمىر (xëmir)

→ Uzbek: xamir

Borrowed from Arabic خَمِير (ḵamīr, “leavened dough”) from the native Semitic root خ م ر (ḵ-m-r).


برق انداز

[bäɾq.ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːz]

[bäɾq.ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːz]

[bäɾq.ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːz]

[bäɾq.ʔän̪.d̪ɔ́ːz]

[bæɹɢ.ʔæn̪.d̪ɒ́ːz]

From برق (barq, “lightning”) + انداختن (andâxtan, “to throw”).

A musketeer, as posted in Mughal administration in India.


شوروی

head

شوروی • (šowravi) (plural شورویها (šowravi-hâ))

Russian: шурави́ (šuraví)

From شورا (šowrâ) + ـی (-i), from Arabic شُورَى (šūrā, “consultation”).


سپنج

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾspnc /aspinǰ/, “hospitality; inn”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫗𐫋 (ʿspynj, “hostel, place to stay”) and akin to Classical Syriac ܐܫܦܙܟܢܐ (ʾšpzknʾ, “majordomo; host”), ܐܫܦܙܐ (ʾšpzʾ, “lodging”), Old Armenian ասպ(ա)նջական (asp(a)nǰakan, “hospitable; host”), Old Georgian მასპინძელი (masṗinʒeli, “host”), Iranian borrowings.

cog

ասպ(ա)նջական


نسک

One of the five parts (books) of the Avesta

(rare, purist) book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


مقاله

head

مَقالِه • (maqâle) (plural مقالهها (maqâle-hâ) or مقالات (maqâlât))

مَقالِه (canonical)
maqâle (romanization)
مقالهها (plural)
مقالات (plural)

article (story, report, opinion piece, academic, etc.)


آباژور

آباژور • (âbâžur)

fa-noun

آباژور • (âbâžur)

[ʔɒː.bɒː.ʒúːɹ]


دانایی

head

دانایی • (dânâyi)

fa-noun

دانایی • (dânâyi)

Compound of دانا (dânâ, “wise”) + یی (-yi, nominalizing suffix)

compound

بلکه خود از آدمی در گاو و خر
میرود دانایی و علم و هنر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1422:

Nay, indeed, wisdom and knowledge and excellence
pass from Man into the ox and the ass.

balka xwad az ādamī dar gav u xar
mē-rawad dānāyī u 'ilm u hunar


خوردی

From Middle Persian. Akin to Old Armenian խորտիկ (xortik), an Iranian borrowing.


حاجت

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਾਜਤ (hājat)

Shahmukhi script: حاجت (ḥājat)

[hɑː.d͡ʒǽt̪]

[hɑː.d͡ʒǽt̪]

[ʔɑː.d͡ʒǽt̪]

[ʔɔː.d͡ʒǽt̪]

[hɒː.d͡ʒǽt̪]

حاجت داشتن


دیوان

head

دیوان • (divân) (plural دیوانها (divân-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: ديوان (dīwān)
Andalusian Arabic: ديوان (dīwān), *دوان (*duwān)
→ Catalan: duana
→ Occitan: doana
→ Portuguese: aduana
→ Spanish: aduana
→ Basque: aduana
→ Hiligaynon: aduana
→ Tagalog: adwana
→ Waray-Waray: adwana
→ Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
→ Albanian: doganë
→ Italian: dogana
→ Old French: dohanne
Middle French: doana
French: douane
→ Algerian Arabic: الدِّيوَانَة (ad_dīwāna)
→ Dutch: douane
Afrikaans: doeane
→ Indonesian: duane
→ Papiamentu: doeana
→ English: douane
Norman: douanne

→ Azerbaijani: divan

→ Bengali: দেওয়ান (deōẇan)

desc

→ Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)

desctree

→ Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
→ English: dewan
→ Telugu: దివాను (divānu), దివాన్ (divān)

→ Malay: dewan
Indonesian: dewan

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیوان (dîvân)
Turkish: divan
→ Azerbaijani: divan
→ Czech: divan
→ French: divan
→ English: divan
→ German: Diwan
→ Portuguese: divã
→ Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (ntiváni)
→ Hungarian: díván
→ Italian: divano, diwan
→ Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
Armenian: դիվան (divan)
→ Polish: dywan
→ Romanian: divan
→ Russian: дива́н (diván)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: дѝва̄н
Latin script: dìvān
→ Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
→ Spanish: diván

→ Urdu: دیوان (dīvān)

→ Zazaki: diwan

From Middle Persian d(p)ywʾn' (dēwān, “archive, collected writings”); see there for further information.


تجارت

[t̪ʰɪ.d͡ʒɑː.ɾät̪]

[t̪ʰɪ.d͡ʒɑː.ɾät̪]

[t̪ʰɪ.d͡ʒɑː.ɾät̪]

[t̪ʰi.d͡ʒɔː.ɾät̪]

[t̪ʰe.d͡ʒɒː.ɹæt̪]

[t̪ʰi.d͡ʒɔ.ɾät̪]

تجارت کردن


خوراک

head

خوراک • (xorâk)

fa-noun

خوراک • (xorâk)

Inherited from Middle Persian *hwlʾk' (/xwarāg/). By surface analysis, خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat, to drink, to corrode, to collide with, to fit”)) + ـاک (-âk, suffix that forms the active participle from the present verb stem). The suffix is an alternative form of ـا (-â), which originates from Middle Persian -ʾk' (/-āg/). Akin to Old Armenian խորակ (xorak), an Iranian borrowing. Refer to کاواک (kâvâk) for another example of a word that ends this alternative form of ـا (-â), and to گویا (gôyâ, “capable of speech”) or رسا (resâ, “audible”) for examples of words that ends in the standard form of the suffix.

surf

خور
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat, to drink, to corrode, to collide with, to fit”)>

ـاک
<pos:suffix that forms the active participle from the present verb stem>

ref

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خوراک”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “āg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 6

خوراک تیار خوش داری؟ (Formal Dari)

(Dari or archaic) food, victuals, provisions


عروسی

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔæ.ɹuː.síː]

بسی ساز عروسی کرده شهرو
عروسش ویسه و داماد ویرو

c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين [Vīs u Rāmīn]:

Shahru made many preparations for the wedding feast;
Vīsa was the bride for it, and the groom was Vīrū.

basē sāz-i arūsī karda šahrū
arūs-aš wīsa u dāmād wīrū


باک

→ Ottoman Turkish: باك (bâk)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/wāk/), [Term?] (/wāg/), further etymology unknown. Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *bā(ia)-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *baiH- (“to fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear, be afraid”). Compare Old Armenian վախեմ (vaxem).

der

روزها گر رفت گو رو باک نیست
تو بمان ای آن که چون تو پاک نیست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 16:

If our days are gone, let them go!—'tis no matter [lit. there is no dread]. Do Thou remain, for none is holy as Thou art!

rōz-hā gar raft gū raw bāk nēst
tu bimān ay ān ki čōn tu pāk nēst


ندا

این جهان کوه است و فعل ما ندا
سوی ما آید نداها را صدا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 215:

This world is the mountain, and our action the shout: the echo of the shouts comes [back] to us.

īn jahān kōh ast u fi'l-i mā nidā
sōy-i mā āyad nidā-hā rā sadā

حرف ندا
حرف ندا#Persian

(grammar) interjection; Short for حرف ندا (harf-e nedâ).


پوست ختنه‌گاه

head

پوست ختنهگاه

fa-noun

پوست ختنهگاه

پوست ختنهگاه (canonical)
pust xatne-gâh (romanization)


ختنه‌گاه

ختنهگاه (canonical)
xatne-gâh (romanization)

[xät̪.nä.ɡɑːʱ]

[xät̪.nä.ɡɑːʱ]

[χät̪.nä.ɡɔʱ]


غضب

شه گهی گرچه کند خشم و غضب با بنده
باز کارش بکرم نیز فراوان سازد

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 72:

Though the king sometimes shows anger and wrath towards his slave,
He does a great many deeds out of generosity as well.

šah gahī garči kunad xišm u ğazab bā banda
bāz kāraš ba-karam nēz farāwān sāzad


والده

Borrowed from Arabic وَالِدَة (wālida). By surface analysis, والد (wālid／vâled) + ـه (-a／-e).


شریک

head

شریک • (šarik)

fa-noun

شریک • (šarik)

Borrowed from Arabic شَرِيك (šarīk), somewhat displaced other native terms such as هنباز (hanbâz), انباز (anbâz), همال (homâl, hamâl).

ادبا را شریک دولت کرد
دولت خواجه دولت ادباست
شعرا را رفیق نعمت کرد
نعمت خواجه نعمت شعراست

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 14”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

He made the men of letters partners for his fortune;
The lord's fortune is the men of letters' fortune.
He made the poets companions for his wealth;
The lord's wealth is the poets' wealth.

udabā rā šarīk-i dawlat kard
dawlat-i khwāja dawlat-i udabā-st
šu'arā rā rafīq-i ni'mat kard
ni'mat-i khwāja ni'mat-i šu'arā-st


راهب

head

راهب • (râheb)

fa-noun

راهب • (râheb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਹਬ (rāhab)

Shahmukhi script: راهب (rāhab)

→ Urdu: راہب (rāhib)


خندق

head

خندق • (xandaq) (plural خندقها (xandaq-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: xəndək

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: खन्दक (khandak)

Urdu: خندق (xandaq)

Marathi: खंदक (khandak)

Kannada: ಕಂದಕ (kandaka)

Konkani: खंदक (khandak)

Odia: ଖନ୍ଦକ (khandaka)

Punjabi: ਖੱਡਾ (khaḍḍā)

Telugu: కందకము (kandakamu)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خندق (hendek)
Turkish: hendek
→ Albanian: hendek
→ Aromanian: hãndac, hãnacup, hãndachi, hindechi, endec, endecu
→ Middle Armenian: խէնտէկ (xēntēk), խէնդէկ (xēndēk)
→ Romanian: hindichi
→ Serbo-Croatian: јѐндек / jendek

[xæn̪.d̪æɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq), from Middle Persian *handag (whence Persian هندک (handak, “moat”)).


ظفر

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़फ़र (zafar)

Urdu: ظفر (z̤afar)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰ (zafar), ظفر (z̤afar)

Tajik: зафар (zafar)


باد خورشیدی

head

بادهای خورشیدی

باد خورشیدی • (bâd-e xoršidi) (plural بادهای خورشیدی)

fa-noun

بادهای خورشیدی

bâd-e xoršidi (romanization)
بادهای خورشیدی (plural)

fa:باد خورشیدی


باد ستاره‌ای

head

بادهای ستارهای

باد ستارهای • (bâd-e setâre-'i) (plural بادهای ستارهای)

fa-noun

بادهای ستارهای

باد ستارهای (canonical)
bâd-e setâre-'i (romanization)
بادهای ستارهای (plural)

fa:باد ستاره‌ای


کچالو

head

کچالو • (kačālū)

fa-noun

کچالو • (kačālū)

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɔː.lú]

Borrowed from Hindi कचालू (kacālū) / Urdu کچالو (kacālū).


وضوح

وضوح تصویر

وضوح دوربین


جهد

مایهٔ خوشدلی آنجاست که دلدار آنجاست
میکنم جهد که خود را مگر آنجا فکنم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 348”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The essence of happiness is there where the beloved is;
I strive to throw myself there if I can.

māya-yi xwašdilī ānjā-st ki dildār ānjā-st
mē-kunam jahd ki xwad rā magar ānjā fikanam


فیلترشکن

(computing) filter-break (software that enables an Internet user to gain access to filtered, or blocked, webpages.)


کایوتی

head

کایوتی • (kâyoti)

fa-noun

کایوتی • (kâyoti)


کایوت

head

کایوت • (kâyot)

fa-noun

کایوت • (kâyot)


خنده

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hndytn' /xandīdan/, “to laugh”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʰendʰ-. Cognates with Sogdian [script needed] (γnt- /xand-/, “to laugh”), Northern Kurdish kenîn (“to laugh”), Khotanese khan- (“to laugh”), Baluchi کندگ (kandag, “to laugh”), and Old Armenian խինդ (xind), Northern Luri خںنںە (xənə) and Pashto خندل and خنده (laugh, to laugh).

cog

و وی هر کسی را لطف میکرد و زهر خنده میزد – و به هیچ روزگار من او را با خندهٔ فراخ ندیدم، الا همه تبسم، که صعب مردی بود – و سخت فرو شده بود؛ چنان که گفتی میداند که چه خواهد بود.
and he was doing acts of kindness to everyone [visiting him] and was doing forced laughing – and in all my life I never saw him with a joyful laugh, except only smiles, since he was a tough man – and he was so thoughtful; such that he knew what was about to happen.

11th century, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 83


آمبولانس

head

آمبولانس • (âmbulâns) (plural آمبولانسها (âmbulâns-hâ))

âmbulâns (romanization)
آمبولانسها (plural)

رانندهٔ آمبولانس


جنون

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुनून (junūn)

Urdu: جنون (junūn)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਨੂਨ (janūn)

Shahmukhi script: جنون (janūn)

گرچه با او از جنون دایم غم دل گفتهام
پیش او حال دل زارم اظهار نیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 128:

Although I have always, out of madness, told her my heart's sorrows,
The condition of my wretched heart is [still] not manifest before her.

garči bā ō az junūn dāyim ğam-i dil gufta'am
pēš-i ō hāl-i dil-i zāram izhār nēst


گرفت‌ها

گرفتها (canonical)
gereft-hâ (romanization)

گرفت گرفت#Persian


گرفت

گرفت • (gereft) (plural گرفتها (gereft-hâ))

fa:گرفت (ستارهشناسی)


انجمن

اَنْجُمَن • (anjoman) (plural انجمنها (anjoman-hâ))

اَنْجُمَن (canonical)
anjoman (romanization)
انجمنها (plural)
انجمن (singular)
anjoman (singular)
انجمنها (plural)
anjoman-hấ (plural)
انجمنا (colloquial plural)
anjomanấ (plural)
انجمن را (definite direct-object singular)
anjoman râ (definite direct-object singular)
انجمن رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
anjomano (definite direct-object singular)
انجمنها را (definite direct-object plural)
anjoman-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
انجمنا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
anjomanấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
انجمن (ezafe singular)
anjoman-e (ezafe singular)
انجمنهای (ezafe plural)
anjoman-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
انجمنای (colloquial ezafe plural)
anjomanấ-ye (ezafe plural)
انجمنی (definite relative singular)
انجمنی (indefinite singular stressed)
anjoman-i (definite relative singular)
anjoman-i (indefinite singular stressed)
انجمنهایی (definite plural relative)
انجمنهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
anjomanấn-i, anjoman-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
anjomanấn-i, anjoman-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
انجمنایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
انجمنایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
anjomanấi (definite plural relative)
anjomanấi (indefinite plural stressed)
انجمنم (first-person possessive singular)
anjomanam (first-person possessive singular)
انجمنهایم (first-person possessive singular)
anjoman-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
انجمنهام، انجمنام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
anjomanấm (first-person possessive singular)
انجمنت (possessive second-person singular)
anjomanat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
anjomanet (possessive second-person singular)
انجمنهایت (possessive second-person singular)
anjoman-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
انجمنهات، انجمنات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
anjomanất (possessive second-person singular)
انجمنش (possessive singular third-person)
anjomanaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
anjomaneš (possessive singular third-person)
انجمنهایش (possessive singular third-person)
anjoman-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
انجمنهاش، انجمناش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
anjomanấš (possessive singular third-person)
انجمنمان (first-person plural possessive)
anjomanemân (first-person plural possessive)
انجمنمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
anjomanemun (first-person plural possessive)
انجمنهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
anjoman-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
انجمنهامون، انجمنامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
anjomanấmun (first-person plural possessive)
انجمنتان (plural possessive second-person)
anjomanetân (plural possessive second-person)
انجمنتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
anjomanetun (plural possessive second-person)
انجمنهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
anjoman-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
انجمنهاتون، انجمناتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
anjomanấtun (plural possessive second-person)
انجمنشان (plural possessive third-person)
anjomanešân (plural possessive third-person)
انجمنشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
anjomanešun (plural possessive third-person)
انجمنهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
anjoman-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
انجمنهاشون، انجمناشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
anjomanấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: əncümən

→ Bengali: আঞ্জুমান (anjuman)

→ Gujarati: અંજુમન (añjuman)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: انجمن (encümen)
Turkish: encümen

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭭𐭰𐭬𐭭 (hanjaman, “congregation, assembly, community”), from Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀 (haṇjamana, “assembly”).

der

meeting, assembly, consultation, forum, association


بی‌جنس‌گرایی

بیجنسگرایی (canonical)
bi-jens-garâyi (romanization)

fa:بی‌جنس‌گرایی


دوجنس‌گرایی

دوجنسگرایی (canonical)
do-jens-garâyi (romanization)

fa:دوجنس‌گرایی


آیت‌الله‌ها

head

آیتاللهها • (âyat-ollâh-hâ)

آیتاللهها (canonical)
âyat-ollâh-hâ (romanization)

آیتالله آیتالله#Persian


اتم‌ها

اتمها (canonical)
atom-hâ (romanization)


عروس

عروس • ('arus) (plural عروسها ('arus-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic عَرُوس (ʕarūs). Displaced Persian بیو (bayu) to a large extent.


ژرفی

ژرفی • (žarfi)

fa-noun

ژرفی • (žarfi)


نعوظ

head

نعوظ • (no'uz) (plural نعوظها (no'uz-hâ))


واحد نجومی

fa:واحد نجومی


بزرگ‌تر

بزرگتر • (bozorg-tar) (plural بزرگترها (bozorg-tar-hâ))

بزرگتر (canonical)
bozorg-tar (romanization)
بزرگترها (plural)

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]


وبگاه

وبگاه • (veb-gâh) (plural وبگاهها (veb-gâh-hâ))

→ Urdu: ویب گاہ (web gāh)


رشت

رشت • (rašt)

fa-noun

رشت • (rašt)

Akin to Old Armenian երաշտ (erašt, “dry; drought”), an Iranian borrowing.


شپش‌ها

head

شپشها • (šepeš-hâ)

شپشها (canonical)
šepeš-hâ (romanization)


کیلومترها

کیلومترها • (kilometrhâ)

کیلومتر کیلومتر#Persian


کوارک‌ها

کوارکها • (kuârk-hâ)

کوارکها (canonical)
kuârk-hâ (romanization)

کوارک کوارک#Persian


گلئون‌ها

گلئونها (canonical)
glo'on-hâ (romanization)

گلئون گلئون#Persian


فوتون‌ها

فوتونها • (foton-hâ)

فوتونها (canonical)
foton-hâ (romanization)

فوتون فوتون#Persian


الکترون‌ها

الکترونها (canonical)
elektron-hâ (romanization)

الکترون الکترون#Persian


کیلوگرم‌ها

کیلوگرمها (canonical)
kilugeram-hâ (romanization)

کیلوگرم کیلوگرم#Persian


فرمیون‌ها

فرمیونها (canonical)
fermiyon-hâ (romanization)

فرمیون فرمیون#Persian


کیلوگرم

کیلوگرم • (kilogram) (plural کیلوگرمها (kilogram-hâ))

kilogram (romanization)
کیلوگرمها (plural)


فرمیون

فرمیون • (fermiyon) (plural فرمیونها (fermiyon-hâ))

fermiyon (romanization)
فرمیونها (plural)


گلئون

گلئون • (glo'on) (plural گلئونها (glo'on-hâ))


کوارک سر

کوارک سر • (kvârk-e sar) (plural کوارکهای سر (kvârk-hâ-ye sar))

kvârk-e sar (romanization)
کوارکهای سر (plural)


کوارک ته

کوارک ته • (kvârk-e tah) (plural کوارکهای ته (kvârk-hâ-ye tah))

kvârk-e tah (romanization)
کوارکهای ته (plural)


کوارک مفتون

کوارکهای مفتون

کوارک مفتون • (kvârk-e maftun) (plural کوارکهای مفتون (kvârk-hâ-ye maftun))

fa-noun

کوارکهای مفتون

kvârk-e maftun (romanization)
کوارکهای مفتون (plural)

fa:کوارک مفتون


کوارک بالا

head

کوارکهای بالا

کوارک بالا • (kvârk-e bâlâ) (plural کوارکهای بالا (kvârk-hâ-ye bâlâ))

fa-noun

کوارکهای بالا

kvârk-e bâlâ (romanization)
کوارکهای بالا (plural)

fa:کوارک بالا


کوارک پایین

head

کوارکهای پایین

کوارک پایین • (kvârk-e pâyin) (plural کوارکهای پایین (kvârk-hâ-ye pâyin))

fa-noun

کوارکهای پایین

kvârk-e pâyin (romanization)
کوارکهای پایین (plural)

fa:کوارک پایین


کوارک‌های بالا

head

کوارکهای بالا

کوارکهای بالا • (kvârk-hâ-ye bâlâ)

کوارکهای بالا (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye bâlâ (romanization)

کوارک بالا
کوارک بالا#Persian

plural of کوارک بالا


کوارک‌های ته

کوارکهای ته (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye tah (romanization)

کوارک ته
کوارک ته#Persian


کوارک شگفت

کوارکهای شگفت

کوارک شگفت • (kvârk-e šegeft) (plural کوارکهای شگفت (kvârk-hâ-ye šegeft))

fa-noun

کوارکهای شگفت

kvârk-e šegeft (romanization)
کوارکهای شگفت (plural)

fa:کوارک شگفت


کوارک‌های شگفت

head

کوارکهای شگفت

کوارکهای شگفت • (kvârk-hâ-ye šegeft)

کوارکهای شگفت (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye šegeft (romanization)

کوارک شگفت
کوارک شگفت#Persian

plural of کوارک شگفت


کوارک‌های مفتون

کوارکهای مفتون

کوارکهای مفتون (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye maftun (romanization)

کوارک مفتون
کوارک مفتون#Persian

plural of کوارک مفتون


کوارک‌های پایین

کوارکهای پایین

کوارکهای پایین • (kvârk-hâ-ye pâyin)

کوارکهای پایین (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye pâyin (romanization)

کوارک پایین
کوارک پایین#Persian

plural of کوارک پایین


کوارک‌های سر

کوارکهای سر (canonical)
kvârk-hâ-ye sar (romanization)

کوارک سر
کوارک سر#Persian


دلدادگان

دلدادگان • (deldâdegân)

دلداده دلداده#Persian


برهنگی

[bä.ɾäɦ.nä.ɡíː]

[bä.ɾäɦ.nä.ɡíː]

[bä.ɾɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[bä.ɾɔː.nä.ɡí]

[bä.ɾäɦ.nä.ɡí]


مشکل‌ها

مشکلها • (moškel-hâ)

مشکلها (canonical)
moškel-hâ (romanization)

مشکل مشکل#Persian


سامانه‌ها

سامانهها • (sâmâne-hâ)

سامانهها (canonical)
sâmâne-hâ (romanization)

سامانه سامانه#Persian


سنت‌ها

سنتها (canonical)
sonat-hâ (romanization)


فصل‌ها

فصلها (canonical)
fasl-hâ (romanization)


تجربه

تجربه • (tajrobe) (plural تجربهها (tajrobe-hâ) or تجارب (tajâreb))

tajrobe (romanization)
تجربهها (plural)
تجارب (plural)

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾʊ.bǽ]

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾɪ.bǽ]

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾʊ.bǽ]

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾɪ.bǽ]

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾʊ.bǽ]

[t̪ʰäd͡ʒ.ɾɪ.bǽ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَجْرِبَة (tajriba).

bor+

تجربه عرفانی

آری تجربه کردم که من / سخت رنجورم مخلخل گشته تن

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2579:

Yes […] I have found by experience that I am very ill and that my body has become shaky.

âri tajrebe kardam ke man / saxt ranjoram moxalxal gašte tan


کهکشان‌ها

head

کهکشانها • (kahkašân-hâ)

کهکشانها (canonical)
kahkašân-hâ (romanization)

/kæhkæʃɒːnˈhɒː/

کهکشان کهکشان#Persian


قوس و قزح

Mistaken form of earlier قوس قزح (qows-e qazah), from Arabic قَوْس قُزَح (qaws quzaḥ, literally “bow of the pre-Islamic Arab god Quzah”). It is not clear why the vowel shifted from /e/ to /o/.


اذان

head

اذان • (azân)

fa-noun

اذان • (azân)

→ Assamese: আজান (azan)

→ Bengali: আযান (ajan), আজান (ajan)

→ Gujarati: અજાન (ajān), અઝાન (ajhān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अज़ान (azān)

Urdu: اذان (azān)

→ Odia: ଅଜାନ୍ (ajān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਜ਼ਾਨ (azān)

Shahmukhi script: اذان (azān)

desc

→ Sindhi: اَذانَ

→ Sindhi: اَذانَ

Borrowed from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān, “call to prayer”).

bor+

اذان مغرب


طیف

طیف مرئی

طیف اوتیسم


دیسک‌ها

head

دیسکها • (disk-hâ)

دیسکها (canonical)
disk-hâ (romanization)

دیسک دیسک#Persian


سیاره‌ها

سیارهها • (sayyâre-hâ)

سیارهها (canonical)
sayyâre-hâ (romanization)

/sæjjɒːɾeˈhɒː/

سیاره سیاره#Persian


مرغ‌ها

مرغها • (morğ-hâ)

مرغها (canonical)
morğ-hâ (romanization)


مرغ‌های مگس‌خوار

مرغهای مگسخوار (canonical)
morğ-hâ-ye magas-xâr (romanization)

مرغ مگسخوار
مرغ مگسخوار#Persian

plural of مرغ مگسخوار


همبرگر

همبرگر • (hamberger) (plural همبرگرها (hamberger-hâ))

hamberger (romanization)
همبرگرها (plural)


چیزبرگر

[tʃʰiːzbeɾˈɡʲeɾ]


مرغ مگس‌خوار

مرغهای مگسخوار

مرغان مگسخوار

مرغ مگسخوار • (morğ-e magas-xâr) (plural مرغهای مگسخوار (morğ-hâ-ye magas-xâr) or مرغان مگسخوار (morğân-e magas-xâr))

fa-noun

مرغهای مگسخوار

مرغان مگسخوار

مرغ مگسخوار (canonical)
morğ-e magas-xâr (romanization)
مرغهای مگسخوار (plural)
مرغان مگسخوار (plural)

[mʊɾ.ɣɪ mä.ɡäs.xɑːɾ]

[mʊɾ.ɣɪ mä.ɡäs.xɑːɾ]

[mʊɾ.ɣɪ mä.ɡäs.xɑːɾ]

مرغ مگسخوار تنها پرندهای است که میتواند به عقب پرواز بکند.

The hummingbird is the only bird that can fly backwards.

Morğ-e magas-xâr tanhâ parande-i ast ke mi-tavânad be aqab parvâz bekonad.

fa:مرغ مگس‌خوار


تمشک

head

تمشک • (tamešk) (plural تمشکها (tamešk-hâ))

Perhaps from Mazanderani. In old Persian dictionaries, it was wrongly recorded as نَمُتک.


خاطره

خاطره • (xâtere) (plural خاطرات (xâterât) or خاطرهها (xâtere-hâ))

xâtere (romanization)
خاطرات (plural)
خاطرهها (plural)

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾǽ]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾǽ]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾǽ]

[χɔ.t̪ʰi.ɾǽ]

Borrowed from Arabic خَاطِرَة (ḵāṭira), feminine of خَاطِر (ḵāṭir), active participle of خَطَرَ (ḵaṭara, “to come to mind (said of an idea)”).


آمریکایی

آمریکایی • (âmrikâyi) (plural آمریکاییها (âmrikâyi-hâ))

âmrikâyi (romanization)
آمریکاییها (plural)

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː.jíː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː.jíː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː.jíː]

[ʔɒːm.ɹiː.kʰɒː.jíː]


هندی

هندی • (hendi) (plural هندیان (hendiyân) or هندیها (hendi-hâ) or هنود (honud))

hendi (romanization)
هندیان (plural)
هندیها (plural)
هنود (plural)

Probably from Arabic هِنْدِيّ (hindiyy). By surface analysis, هند (hend) + ـی (-i). Compare native هندو (hendu).


تاجیکی

head

تاجیکی • (tâjiki)

fa-noun

تاجیکی • (tâjiki)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰɔː.d͡ʒi.kʰí]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiː.kʰʲíː]

Etymology tree
Classical Persian تَاجِیک (tājīk)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas
Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k)
Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)
Persian تاجیکیFrom Classical Persian تَاجِیک (tājīk) + ـِی (-ī).


تمشک‌ها

head

تمشکها • (tamešk-hâ)

تمشکها (canonical)
tamešk-hâ (romanization)

تمشک تمشک#Persian


پورنوگرافی

پورنوگرافی • (pornogrâfi)

fa-noun

پورنوگرافی • (pornogrâfi)

fa:پورنوگرافی


الماس‌ها

head

الماسها • (almâs-hâ)

الماسها (canonical)
almâs-hâ (romanization)

[ʔäl.mɑː.sɑ́ː]

[ʔäl.mɔː.sɔ́ː]

الماس الماس#Persian


بهبود

به (beh, “good”) + بود (bud, past stem of بودن (budan, “to be”)).

af

بود
<pos:past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">بودن</i> (budan, “to be”)>

روند بهبود اقتصاد

هر که هست اندر پی بهبود خویش
دور افتادست از مقصود خویش

early 1200s, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “Ghazal 442”, in دیوان عطار:

Whoever is in seek of his own well-being
Has fallen far away from his own goal.

har ki hast andar pay-i bihbūd-i xwēš
dūr uftāda-st az maqsūd-i xwēš

(original sense) health, well-being, welfare


خسیس‌ها

خسیسها (canonical)
xasis-hâ (romanization)

خسیس خسیس#Persian


ثابت‌ها

head

ثابتها • (sâbet-hâ)

ثابتها (canonical)
sâbet-hâ (romanization)

ثابت ثابت#Persian


امین‌ها

امینها • (amin-hâ)

امینها (canonical)
amin-hâ (romanization)

امین امین#Persian


فساق

فساق • (fosâq)

فاسق فاسق#Persian


فاسق‌ها

فاسقها • (fâseq-hâ)

فاسقها (canonical)
fâseq-hâ (romanization)

[fɒːseɣˈhɒː]

فاسق فاسق#Persian


ترخان

ترخان • (tarxân)

Georgian: თარხანი (tarxani)

Old Armenian: թարխան (tʻarxan)

Middle Armenian: թարխան (tʻarxan)

Armenian: թարխան (tʻarxan)

Russian: тарха́н (tarxán)


فاسق

فاسق • (fâseq) (plural فساق (fosâq) or فاسقها (fâseq-hâ))

fâseq (romanization)
فساق (plural)
فاسقها (plural)
فاسق (singular)
fâseq (singular)
فاسقها (plural)
fâseq-hấ (plural)
فاسقا (colloquial plural)
fâseqấ (plural)
فاسق را (definite direct-object singular)
fâseq râ (definite direct-object singular)
فاسق رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
fâseqo (definite direct-object singular)
فاسقها را (definite direct-object plural)
fâseq-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
فاسقا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
fâseqấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
فاسق (ezafe singular)
fâseq-e (ezafe singular)
فاسقهای (ezafe plural)
fâseq-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
فاسقای (colloquial ezafe plural)
fâseqấ-ye (ezafe plural)
فاسقی (definite relative singular)
فاسقی (indefinite singular stressed)
fâseq-i (definite relative singular)
fâseq-i (indefinite singular stressed)
فاسقهایی (definite plural relative)
فاسقهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
fâseqấn-i, fâseq-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
fâseqấn-i, fâseq-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
فاسقایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
فاسقایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
fâseqấi (definite plural relative)
fâseqấi (indefinite plural stressed)
فاسقم (first-person possessive singular)
fâséqam (first-person possessive singular)
فاسقهایم (first-person possessive singular)
fâseq-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
فاسقهام، فاسقام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
fâseqấm (first-person possessive singular)
فاسقت (possessive second-person singular)
fâséqat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
fâséqet (possessive second-person singular)
فاسقهایت (possessive second-person singular)
fâseq-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
فاسقهات، فاسقات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
fâseqất (possessive second-person singular)
فاسقش (possessive singular third-person)
fâséqaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
fâséqeš (possessive singular third-person)
فاسقهایش (possessive singular third-person)
fâseq-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
فاسقهاش، فاسقاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
fâseqấš (possessive singular third-person)
فاسقمان (first-person plural possessive)
fâséqemân (first-person plural possessive)
فاسقمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
fâséqemun (first-person plural possessive)
فاسقهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
fâseq-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
فاسقهامون، فاسقامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
fâseqấmun (first-person plural possessive)
فاسقتان (plural possessive second-person)
fâséqetân (plural possessive second-person)
فاسقتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
fâséqetun (plural possessive second-person)
فاسقهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
fâseq-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
فاسقهاتون، فاسقاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
fâseqấtun (plural possessive second-person)
فاسقشان (plural possessive third-person)
fâséqešân (plural possessive third-person)
فاسقشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
fâséqešun (plural possessive third-person)
فاسقهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
fâseq-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
فاسقهاشون، فاسقاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
fâseqấšun (plural possessive third-person)
فاسقم (first-person predicative singular)
fâseqam (first-person predicative singular)
فاسقیم (first-person plural predicative)
fâseqim (first-person plural predicative)
فاسقی (predicative second-person singular)
fâseqi (predicative second-person singular)
فاسقید (plural predicative second-person)
fâseqid (plural predicative second-person)
فاسقین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
fâseqin (plural predicative second-person)
فاسق است (predicative singular third-person)
fâseq ast (predicative singular third-person)
فاسقه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
fâseqe (predicative singular third-person)
فاسقند (plural predicative third-person)
fâseqand (plural predicative third-person)
فاسقن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
fâseqan (plural predicative third-person)

sexual deviant; fornicator, libertine, adulterer, sodomite


کارواژگان

کارواژگان • (kârvâžegân)

/kɒːrvɒːʒeˈɡɒːn/

کارواژه کارواژه#Persian


کارواژه‌ها

کارواژهها • (kârvâže-hâ)

کارواژهها (canonical)
kârvâže-hâ (romanization)

/kɒːrvɒːʒeˈhɒː/

کارواژه کارواژه#Persian


کارواژه

کارواژه • (kârvâže) (plural کارواژهها (kârvâže-hâ) or کارواژگان (kârvâžegân))

kârvâže (romanization)
کارواژهها (plural)
کارواژگان (plural)

Composed of کار (“work, deed”) + واژه (“word”)


گرگ‌ها

گرگها (canonical)
gorg-hâ (romanization)


نیام

نیام • (niyâm)

fa-noun

نیام • (niyâm)

→ Classical Azerbaijani: niyam

→ Pashto: نیام (niyām)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نیام (niyam)

→ Urdu: نِیام (niyām)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫗𐫏𐫏𐫀𐫖 (nyyʾm), 𐫗𐫏𐫀𐫖 (nyʾm /niyām/). Based on an Old Persian *nidāmān- (“covering, envelope”).
Cognate to Wakhi [script needed] (naẟün, “scabbard”) and Sanskrit निधानम् (nidhānam, “act of laying down, depositing, deposit; keeping; preserving; place where something is deposited or kept, receptacle”).
Also borrowed into Biblical Hebrew נָדָן (nāḏā́n) found in the Tanakh only in 1 Chronicles 21, 27 and into Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, נִידְנַה (niḏnā), נִדְנַה (niḏnā), נִדְנָא (niḏnā), נְדָנָא (nəḏānā), לדְנָא (liḏnā), לְדָנָא (ləḏānā), later contaminated Classical Syriac ܢܺܝܡܳܐ (nīmā, “sheath”).

cog

آری چو آفتاب کشد تیغ از نیام
اول زند به قلب شب تیره روزگار

c. 1649, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “On the conquest of Qandahār and praise of Shah ʿAbbās II”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

Yes, when the sun draws its blade from the sheath,
It strikes first at the heart of the dark-fated night.

ārē čū āftāb kašad tēğ az niyām
awwal zanad ba qalb-i šab-i tīra rōzgār


طوارق

head

طوارق • (tavâreq) (plural طوارقها (tavâreq-hâ))

[t̪ʰä.wɑː.ɾɪ́q]

[t̪ʰæ.vɒː.ɹéɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic طَوَارِق (ṭawāriq).


چرکچی

چرکچی • (čorakči)

fa-noun

چرکچی • (čorakči)


جارچی

head

جارچی • (jârči)

fa-noun

جارچی • (jârči)

From Turkic. Compare Ottoman Turkish جارجی (carcı). The first part جار (jâr) seems to be from Arabic جَهْر (jahr).


ترغای

head

ترغای • (torğây)

fa-noun

ترغای • (torğây)

[t̪oɾ.ɣɑ́ːj]

[t̪oɾ.ɣɑ́ːj]

[t̪oɹ.ɢɒ́ːj]

Borrowed from Chagatai تورغای (torğay, “lark”).


آرپا

head

آرپا • (ârpâ)

fa-noun

آرپا • (ârpâ)

Borrowed from Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *arpa. Compare Azerbaijani arpa.


ارخا

head

ارخا • (arxâ)

fa-noun

ارخا • (arxâ)

Borrowed from Azerbaijani arxa. Compare Turkish arka.


اروق

From Turkic. Compare Kyrgyz өрүк (örük), Turkish erik, Turkmen erik.


چرک

From Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani çörək, Turkish çörek and Turkmen çörek.


چرک

head

چرک • (čerk)

fa-noun

چرک • (čerk)

→ Georgian: ჩირქი (čirki)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چرك (çirk)
Turkish: çirk

From Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“black, dirty”).


بیدادی

head

بیدادی • (bidâdi)

fa-noun

بیدادی • (bidâdi)

[beː.ðɑː.ˈðiː]

From بیـ (bi-) + داد (dâd) + ی (-i). Akin to Old Armenian ապիրատ (apirat), an Iranian borrowing.


تمر

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani dəmir, Crimean Tatar temir, Tatar timer, Turkish demir.


تمر

Cognate with Sanskrit तिमिर (timira, “dark, gloomy; darkness”).


پذیرائی

head

پذیرائی • (pazirâ'i)

fa-noun

پذیرائی • (pazirâ'i)


سالن

head

سالُن • (sâlon)

fa-noun

سالُن • (sâlon)

سالُنِ غَذاخوری ― sâlon-e ğazâxori ― refectory

سالُنِ وَرْزِش ― sâlon-e varzeš ― gymnasium


اشکانیان

head

اشکانیان • (aškâniyân)

اشکانی اشکانی#Persian


ساسانیان

ساسانیان • (sâsâniân)

ساسانی ساسانی#Persian


هخامنشیان

هخامنشیان • (haxâmanešiân)

[hæxɒmæneʃiːˈɒː]

هخامنشی هخامنشی#Persian


موبایل

موبایل • (mobâil)

fa-noun

موبایل • (mobâil)


روان‌شناسی

head

روانشناسی • (ravân-šenâsi)

fa-noun

روانشناسی • (ravân-šenâsi)

روانشناسی (canonical)
ravân-šenâsi (romanization)

From روان + ـشناسی.

af

روان + ـشناسی


بالو

head

بالو • (bâlu)

fa-noun

بالو • (bâlu)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: բալ (bal)
Armenian: բալ (bal)

Akin to Proto-Georgian-Zan *bal- (“wild cherry”). The nature of the relationship and the ultimate origin are unknown.

unk

unknown


تاغ

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani dağ, Turkish dağ, Uzbek togʻ.


بخش

→ Azerbaijani: bəxş

→ Bengali: বখশ (bôkhś)

→ Chagatai: بَخش

Uzbek: baxsh

→ Indonesian: bakh

→ Ottoman Turkish: بخش (bahş)

Turkish: bahş

→ Punjabi: ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ (baxaś), بَخش (baxś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बख़्श (baxś)

Urdu: بَخش (baxś)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭧𐭱 (bḥš /baxš/), equivalent to the present stem of the verb [script needed] (bhtn' /baxtan/, “to distribute; to allot”), from Proto-Iranian *baxšáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰakšás, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-; see there for further information.

بخش خصوصی

lot; part; portion; section
sector, division (of an organization)

lot; part; portion; section
ward (of a hospital)

lot; part; portion; section
administrative district; ward

bakhsh, a type of administrative division of Iran

بخشهای مقاله

بخشِ اندکی


صیاد

head

صَیَّاد • (sayyâd)

fa-noun

صَیَّاد • (sayyâd)

صَیَّاد (canonical)
sayyâd (romanization)


بزم

Akin to Old Armenian բազմիմ (bazmim), an Iranian borrowing.

banquet, entertainment, assembly, convivial meeting, party


امان

head

امان • (amân)

fa-noun

امان • (amân)


انفورماتیک

head

انفورماتیک • (anformâtik)

fa-noun

انفورماتیک • (anformâtik)

[ʔäɱfoɾmɑː.t̪ʰiːk]

[ʔäɱfoɾmɑː.t̪ʰiːk]

[ʔäɱfoɾmɑː.t̪ʰiːk]

[ʔæɱfoɹmɒː.t̪ʰiːkʲ]

Fa-انفورماتیک.ogg


گیسو

head

گیسو • (gêsu) (plural گیسوان (gêsuân) or گیسوها (gêsu-hâ))

gêsu (romanization)
گیسوان (plural)
گیسوها (plural)


کلک

→ Azerbaijani: kələk


کلک

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلك (kilk)

Back-formation from کلکین (kilkīn, “window”), from Hindustani کھڑکی / खिड़की (khiṛkī, “a private back-door; postern-gate, wicket, sally-port”), compare Latin cancellus.


سنجاقک

head

سنجاقک • (sanjâqak) (plural سنجاقکها (sanjâqak-hâ))

sanjâqak (romanization)
سنجاقکها (plural)
سنجاقک (singular)
sanjâqak (singular)
سنجاقکها (plural)
sanjâqak-hấ (plural)
سنجاقکا (colloquial plural)
sanjâqakấ (plural)
سنجاقک را (definite direct-object singular)
sanjâqak râ (definite direct-object singular)
سنجاقک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sanjâqako (definite direct-object singular)
سنجاقکها را (definite direct-object plural)
sanjâqak-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سنجاقکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sanjâqakấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سنجاقک (ezafe singular)
sanjâqak-e (ezafe singular)
سنجاقکهای (ezafe plural)
sanjâqak-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سنجاقکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sanjâqakấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سنجاقکی (definite relative singular)
سنجاقکی (indefinite singular stressed)
sanjâqak-i (definite relative singular)
sanjâqak-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سنجاقکهایی (definite plural relative)
سنجاقکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sanjâqakấn-i, sanjâqak-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
sanjâqakấn-i, sanjâqak-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سنجاقکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سنجاقکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sanjâqakấi (definite plural relative)
sanjâqakấi (indefinite plural stressed)

[sæn.d͡ʒɒː.ʁǽkʲ]


لس‌آنجلس

لسآنجلس (canonical)
los-ânjeles (romanization)

Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


دستخط

→ Bengali: দস্তখত (dôśtôkhôt)

→ Hindi: दस्तख़त (dastaxat)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤਖ਼ਤ (dastaxat), دستخط (dstxt̤)

→ Urdu: دستخط (dastxat)


آیین

head

آیین • (âyin)

fa-noun

آیین • (âyin)

آئین آئین#Persian


فارسی‌زبان

head

فارسیزبان • (fârsi-zabân) (plural فارسیزبانان (fârsi-zabân-ân))

فارسیزبان (canonical)
fârsi-zabân (romanization)
فارسیزبانان (plural)

fa:فارسی‌زبان


فرق

کافر و مومن خدا گویند لیک
در میان هر دو فرقی هست نیک

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 497:

(Both) infidel and true believer say “God,” but
there is a good difference between the two.

kāfir u mu'min xudā gōyand lēk
dar miyān-i har dū farq-ē hast nēk

summit of the skull, parting of the hair


سلمانی

سلمانی • (salmâni)

fa-noun

سلمانی • (salmâni)

Related to Pashto سلماني (salmāní, “barber”).


دروغ‌ها

head

دروغها • (doruğ-hâ)

دروغها (canonical)
doruğ-hâ (romanization)

/doɾuːɣˈhɒː/

دروغ دروغ#Persian


معتادین

معتادین • (mo'tâdin)

معتاد معتاد#Persian


معتاد

[mo̞ʔ.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[mo̞ʔ.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[mʊː.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[moʔ.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

[mɵʔ.t̪ʰɔd̪]


ایرونی

ایرونی • (iruni)

fa-noun

ایرونی • (iruni)

ایرانی ایرانی#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of ایرانی (irâni).


قلیون

قلیان قلیان#Persian

(colloquial) Spoken form of قلیان (qelyân).


بارون

head

بارون • (bârun)

fa-noun

بارون • (bârun)

باران باران#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of باران (bârân).


بارون

head

بارون • (bâron)

fa-noun

بارون • (bâron)


زبون

زبان زبان#Persian


غرب

head

غرب • (ğarb)

fa-noun

غرب • (ğarb)


جناب

head

جناب • (janâb)

fa-noun

جناب • (janâb)

[d͡ʒa.ˈnɑːβ]

[d͡ʒä.nɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.nɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.nɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒä.nɔ́ːb̥]

[d͡ʒæ.nɒ́ːb̥]

a title of respect: sir, mister, Excellency


تهرانی

head

تهرانی • (tehrâni) (plural تهرانیها (tehrâni-hâ) or تهرانیان (tehrâniân))

tehrâni (romanization)
تهرانیها (plural)
تهرانیان (plural)


آسمون

آسمون • (âsemun)

fa-noun

آسمون • (âsemun)

آسمان آسمان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of آسمان (âsemân).


تابستون

head

تابستون • (tâbestun)

fa-noun

تابستون • (tâbestun)

تابستان تابستان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of تابستان (tâbestân).


حیوون

حیوان حیوان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of حیوان (heyvân).


جوون

جوان جوان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of جوان (javân).


ایوون

ایوان ایوان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of ایوان (eyvân).


تهرونی

تهرانی تهرانی#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of تهرانی (tehrâni).


بادوم

head

بادوم • (bâdum)

fa-noun

بادوم • (bâdum)

بادام بادام#Persian

(colloquial-um) Spoken form of بادام (bâdâm).


حموم

حمام حمام#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of حمام (hamâm).


املاک

head

املاک • (amlâk)

From Arabic أَمْلَاك (ʔamlāk), plural of مِلْك (milk).


بیابون

بیابون • (biyâbun)

fa-noun

بیابون • (biyâbun)

بیابان بیابان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of بیابان (biyâbân).


زعفرون

زعفران زعفران#Persian

(colloquial) Spoken form of زعفران (za'ferân).


زمستون

زمستان زمستان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of زمستان (zemestân).


فرمون

فرمان فرمان#Persian

(colloquial) Spoken form of فرمان (farmân).


زندون

زندان زندان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of زندان (zendân).


خیابون

head

خیابون • (xiyâbun)

fa-noun

خیابون • (xiyâbun)

خیابان خیابان#Persian


فنجون

فنجان فنجان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of فنجان (fenjân).


گلدون

گلدان گلدان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of گلدان (goldân).


میدون

میدان میدان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of میدان (meydân).


مهربون

مهربان مهربان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of مهربان (mehrabân).


دندون

دندان دندان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of دندان (dandân).


شیطون

head

شِیْطون • (šeytun)

fa-noun

شِیْطون • (šeytun)

شِیْطون (canonical)
šeytun (romanization)

شِیْطان شیطان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Alternative form of شِیْطان (šeytân)


مهمون

مهمان مهمان#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of مهمان (mehmân).


غلغله

head

غلغله • (ğolğole) (plural غلغلهها (ğolğole-hâ))


یغما

یغما • (yağmâ)

fa-noun

یغما • (yağmâ)

Borrowed from Turkic, probably from Proto-Turkic *yag- (“to fall from the sky (of rain, snow, etc.)”) with a figurative sense of "to fall upon, to attack, to raid", which then transferred to "the outcome of a raid; booty, pillage". Compare Turkish yağma (“raiding, looting; sack, pillage”).
Attested in Persian since the eleventh century.

cog

چشم تو و خط و خالت ای بت رعنا
برده زمن عقل و صبر و هوش به یغما

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Your eye and your down and your beauty-mark, o beautiful idol,
Has carried off as plunder the time for reason and patience and wisdom.

čašm-e to o xat o xâl-at ey bot-e ra'nâ
borde zaman-e aql o sabr o huš be yağmâ


میرزا

head

میرزا • (mirzâ) (plural میرزاها (mirzâ-hâ) or میرزایان (mirzâyân))

mirzâ (romanization)
میرزاها (plural)
میرزایان (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: مِيرْزَا (mīrzā), مِرْزَا (mirzā)

→ Azerbaijani: mirzə

→ Bashkir: мырҙа (mırźa)

→ English: Mirza, mirza

Translingual: Mirza

→ Chagatai: میرزا

Uzbek: mirzo

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मिर्ज़ा (mirzā)

Urdu: مرزا (mirzā)

→ Kazakh: мырза (myrza)

→ Kyrgyz: мырза (mırza)

→ Marathi: मिर्झा (mirjhā)

→ Middle Armenian: միրզայ (mirzay)

Armenian: միրզա (mirza)

→ Ottoman Turkish: میرزا (mîrzâ), مرزا (mirzâ)

Turkish: mirza

→ Punjabi: ਮਿਰਜ਼ਾ (mirzā)

→ Tatar: морза (morza), мирза (mirza)

→ English: morza

→ Russian: мурза́ (murzá)

From earlier میرزاد (mirzâd), compound of میر (mir, “master”) and the suffix ـزاد، ـزاده (-zâd, -zâde, “child of, son of”), from زادن (zâdan, “to bear”).


لونه

لانه لانه#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of لانه (lâne).


صبحونه

صبحانه صبحانه#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of صبحانه (sobhâne).


زمونه

زمانه زمانه#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of زمانه (zamâne).


شونه

head

شونه • (šune)

fa-noun

شونه • (šune)

شانه شانه#Persian

(colloquial-un) Spoken form of شانه (šâne).


جون

(Iran, dialectal) colloquial-un form of جان


نون

The name of the Perso-Arabic script letter ن.


نون

(Iran, colloquial-un) Spoken form of نان (nân).