بیماری

head

بیماری • (bimâri) (plural بیماریها (bimâri-hâ))

af

بیمار (bêmâr) + ـی (i)

حاش لله از کمال جاه او
کابر بیماری بپوشد ماه او

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1433:

God forbid, in view of the perfection of his (spiritual) attainments,
that the cloud of sickness should cover his moon!

hāš Allāh az kāmal-i jāh-i ō
k-abr-i bēmārī bi-pōšad māh-i ō


دربار

head

دربار • (darbâr)

fa-noun

دربار • (darbâr)

→ Bengali: দরবার (dôrbar)

→ Gujarati: દરબાર (darbār)

→ Hindustani: darbār

Hindi: दरबार

desc

Urdu: دَرْبَار

Urdu: دَرْبَار

→ Malayalam: ദർബാർ (daṟbāṟ)

→ Marathi: darbār

Devanagari script: दरबार

Modi script: 𑘟𑘨𑘤𑘰𑘨

→ Punjabi: darbār

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਬਾਰ

Shahmukhi script: دَربار

→ Sylheti: ꠖꠞꠛꠣꠞ (dorobar)

→ Tamil: தர்பார் (tarpār)

→ Telugu: దర్బారు (darbāru)


شرکت‌ها

head

شرکتها • (šerkat-hâ)

شرکتها (canonical)
šerkat-hâ (romanization)

شرکت شرکت#Persian


هفته‌ها

هفتهها (canonical)
hafte-hâ (romanization)

[häf.t̪ʰä.ɦɑː]

[häf.t̪ʰä.ɦɑː]

[ʔäf.t̪ʰɑːɑː]

[ʔäf.t̪ʰɔːɔː]

هفته هفته#Persian


تاج

→ Baluchi: تاج (táj)

→ Bashkir: таж (taj)

→ Bengali: তাজ (taj)

→ Chechen: таж (taž)

→ Kazakh: тәж (täj)

→ Punjabi: ਤਾਜ (tāj)

→ Turkish: taç

→ Urdu: تاج (tāj) / Hindi: ताज (tāj)

Borrowed from Arabic تَاج (tāj), from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (tʾg /tāg/, “crown”), attested in 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 (xʾrtʾg /xārtāg/, “crown of thorns”), from Old Iranian *tāga-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).
Related to Persian تخت (taxt, “bed, throne”), and akin to Old Armenian թագ (tʻag), Arabic تاج (tāj), and Aramaic תָּגָא (tāḡā), Iranian borrowings.


تنبل

Perhaps a corruption of Arabic تَنَبُّل (tanabbul).

پشوتن چنین گفت کز پیل و شیر
به تنبل فزونست مرد دلیر

Pišōtan said: "The brave man has more tricks than the elephant and the lion."

Pišōtan čunīn guft k-az pīl u šēr
ba tambul fuzūn ast mard-i dalēr


ان

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter n in English and other European languages.


تلفن همراه

head

تِلِفُنِ هَمْراه

تِلِفُنِ هَمْراه • (telefon-e hamrâh)

fa-noun

تِلِفُنِ هَمْراه

تِلِفُنِ هَمْراه • (telefon-e hamrâh)

تِلِفُنِ هَمْراه (canonical)
telefon-e hamrâh (romanization)


سیستم

head

سیستم • (sistem) (plural سیستمها (sistem-hâ))


سیستم‌ها

سیستمها (canonical)
sistem-hâ (romanization)

سیستم سیستم#Persian


کونی

kuni (romanization)
کونیها (plural)
کونی (singular)
kuní (singular)
کونیها (plural)
kuni-hấ (plural)
کونیا (colloquial plural)
kuniấ (plural)
کونی را (definite direct-object singular)
kuní râ (definite direct-object singular)
کونی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kuní ro (definite direct-object singular)
کونیها را (definite direct-object plural)
kuni-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کونیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kuniấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کونی (ezafe singular)
kuní-ye (ezafe singular)
کونیهای (ezafe plural)
kuni-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کونیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kuniấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کونی (definite relative singular)
کونی (indefinite singular stressed)
kuní (definite relative singular)
kuní (indefinite singular stressed)
کونیهایی (definite plural relative)
کونیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kuni-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
kuni-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
کونیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کونیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kuniấ-yi (definite plural relative)
kuniấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
کونیام (first-person predicative singular)
kuni-am (first-person predicative singular)
کونیایم (first-person plural predicative)
kuni-im (first-person plural predicative)
کونیای (predicative second-person singular)
kuni-i (predicative second-person singular)
کونیاید (plural predicative second-person)
kuni-id (plural predicative second-person)
کونیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
kuni-in (plural predicative second-person)
کونی است (predicative singular third-person)
kuni ast (predicative singular third-person)
کونیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
kuni-e (predicative singular third-person)
کونیاند (plural predicative third-person)
kuni-and (plural predicative third-person)
کونیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
kuni-an (plural predicative third-person)

اون اینقد میگه من از کونیها بدم میآد که من بعضی وقتا دوست دارم بدونم نکنه خودش هم کونیه. هیچ آدم درستی اینقد دربارهٔ کونیها فکر نمیکنه.

He says "I hate fags" so much that I sometimes wonder if he's a fag himself. No straight man thinks so much about fags.

un inqad mi-ge man az kuni-hâ badam mi-âd" ke man ba'zi vaqtâ dust dâram bedunam nakone xodeš ham kunie. hič âdam-e dorosti inqad darbâre-e kuni-hâ fekr nemi-kone.

(derogatory, vulgar) The receiving partner in the practice of anal sex, male or female, bot or bottom.


چابک

چابک • (čâbok)

fa-noun

چابک • (čâbok)

→ Bengali: চাবুক (cabuk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाबुक (cābuk)

Urdu: چابک (cābuk)

→ Javanese: cambuk

→ Malay: cambuk

Indonesian: cambuk

→ Dutch: sjambok

Afrikaans: sjambok

desc

→ English: sjambok, sambock, sambok, shambock, shambok, shambuck, sjambock, shambock, shambok, sjambock, sjamboke

→ Xhosa: isabokwe

→ Marathi: चाबूक (cābūk)

→ Punjabi: ਚਾਬਕ (cābak)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈβuk]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.búk]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.bókʲ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cʾp̄wk' /čābuk/, “agile, nimble; excellent”), suffixed from an unattested root borrowed as Old Armenian ճեպ (čep, “haste”). Akin to Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk), Old Georgian ჭაპუკი (č̣aṗuḳi), ჭაბუკი (č̣abuḳi), Middle Iranian borrowings.


مناره‌ها

head

منارهها • (menâre-hâ)

منارهها (canonical)
menâre-hâ (romanization)

مناره مناره#Persian


آخوند

آخوند • (âxund) (plural آخوندها (âxund-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: axund

→ Bengali: আখন্দ (akhondo)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 阿訇 (āhōng)

Dungan: ахун (ahun)

→ English: akhund

→? Kazakh: ақын (aqyn)

[ʔɑː.ˈxuːnð]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɔː.xún̪d̪̥]

[ʔɒː.xúːn̪d̪̥]

Unclear. It has been suggested that this word is a compound, with the first element possibly being a contraction of آقا (âqâ, “agha”) and the second related to خوانْدَن (xândan, “to read, study”) or a contraction of خداوند (xodâvand, “master, God”), though the Encyclopædia Iranica states that this set of etymologies is "[not] entirely satisfactory".

(sometimes derogatory) An akhund, specifically a cleric of the Usuli Shia school.


سلسله

سلسله • (selsele) (plural سلسلهها (selsele-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic سِلْسِلَة (silsila).


همراه

head

همراه • (hamrâh)

fa-noun

همراه • (hamrâh)

From هم (ham, “same”) + راه (râh, “way”).

عمرها باید به نادر گاهگاه، تا که بینا از قضا افتد به چاه، کور را خود این قضا همراه اوست، که مرورا اوفتادن طبع و خوست.

c. 1260, Rumi, “4:333—334”, in The Masnavi:

Lifetimes are needed—[so] rarely and occasionally [does it happen]—for the seeing man to fall by destiny into the pit; [but] as regards the blind man, this destiny indeed is his companion on the way, for it is his nature and disposition to fall.

'omr-hâ bâyad be nâder gâh-gâh, tâ ke binâ az qazâ oftad be čâh, kur-râ xod in qazâ hamrâh-e u-st, ke maru-râ oftâdan tab' o xust.


وزن

head

وزن • (vazn) (plural وزنها (vazn-hâ) or اوزان (owzân))

vazn (romanization)
وزنها (plural)
اوزان (plural)


پشه

→ Khalaj: paša


مناره

مناره • (menâre) (plural منارهها (menâre-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: minarə

→ Bashkir: манара (manara)

→ Bengali: মিনার (minar)

desc

→ Hindi: मीनार (mīnār), मीनारा (mīnārā)

→ Hindi: मीनार (mīnār), मीनारा (mīnārā)

→ Kazakh: мұнара (mūnara)

→ Kyrgyz: мунара (munara)

→ Pashto: مناره (monārá)

→ Tajik: манора (manora)

→ Tatar: манара (manara)

→ Turkmen: minara

→ Urdu: مینار (mīnār), مینارہ (mīnāra)

→ Uyghur: مىنارەت (minaret)

→ Uzbek: minora


قرار

head

قرار • (qarâr) (plural قرارات (qarârât))

→ Bengali: করার (korar)

→ Chagatai: قرار (qarār)

Uyghur: قارار (qarar)

Uzbek: qaror

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़रार (qarār)

Urdu: قَرار (qarār)

→ Punjabi: ਕਰਾਰ (karār)

قَرَار و خْوَاب زِ حَافِظ طَمَع مَدَار اَی دوسْت
قَرَار چِیسْت؟ صَبُورِی کُدَام و خْوَاب کُجَا؟

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 2”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

Seek not rest and sleep from Hafez, o friend;
What is rest? What is patience, and where is sleep?

qarār u xwāb z-i hāfiz tama' madār ay dōst
qarār čīst? sabūrī kudām u xwāb kujā?


کوهستان‌ها

کوهستانها • (kuhestân-hâ)

کوهستانها (canonical)
kuhestân-hâ (romanization)

کوهستان کوهستان#Persian


جنگل‌ها

جنگلها (canonical)
jangal-hâ (romanization)

جنگل جنگل#Persian


پستاندار

پستاندار • (pestândâr) (plural پستانداران (pestândârân) or پستاندارها (pestândâr-hâ))

pestândâr (romanization)
پستانداران (plural)
پستاندارها (plural)

[pʰes.t̪ʰɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From پستان (pestân, “breast”) + ـدار (-dâr).

fa:پستانداران


فندک

فَنْدَک • (fandak) (plural فندکها (fandak-hâ))

فَنْدَک (canonical)
fandak (romanization)
فندکها (plural)

The original meaning seems to have been "wick", from Middle Persian wndk' (wandag, “rope, cord”).


میمون

→ Adyghe: маймун (majmun)


مهبانگ

head

مهبانگ • (mehbâng)

fa-noun

مهبانگ • (mehbâng)

From مِه (meh, “mickle”) + بانگ (bâng, “boom”).


بانو

head

بانو • (bânu) (plural بانوان (bânovân) or بانوها (bânu-hâ))

bânu (romanization)
بانوان (plural)
بانوها (plural)

desc

→ Georgian: ბანოვანი (banovani) (from the plural)

→ Gujarati: બાનૂ (bānū), બાનુ (bānu)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bʾnwk'), [Manichaean needed] (bʾnwg /bānūg/), from Old Persian *bānūka-. Akin to Old Armenian բանուկան (banukan), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

Ancient Greek δέσποινα (déspoina, “mistress, lady”)


آلبوم‌ها

head

آلبومها • (âlbum-hâ)

آلبومها (canonical)
âlbum-hâ (romanization)

آلبوم آلبوم#Persian


آلبوم

آلبوم • (âlbom) (plural آلبومها (âlbom-hâ))


غریب‌ها

غریبها • (ğarib-hâ)

غریبها (canonical)
ğarib-hâ (romanization)

غریب غریب#Persian


نگاه

نگاه • (negâh)

fa-noun

نگاه • (negâh)

→ Azerbaijani: nigah

→ Gujarati: નિગાહ (nigāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: निगाह (nigāh)

Urdu: نگاہ (nigāh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نگاه (nigâh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਗਾਹ (nigāh)

Shahmukhi script: نگاہ (nigāh)

→ Pashto: نګاه (nigāh)

→ Uzbek: nigoh

From Proto-Iranian *ni- + *kas- (“to look, appear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”) + *kʷeḱ- (“to see; to look”). Related to آگاه (âgâh), and dialectal گاس (gâs).

نگه

oftener in bookish or literary-style compound verbs such as نگه کردن and نگه داشتن


بادام زمینی

head

بادام زمینی • (bâdâm zamini)

fa-noun

بادام زمینی • (bâdâm zamini)

fa:بادام زمینی


کاربر

head

کارْبَر • (kârbar) (plural کاربران (kârbarân) or کاربرها (kârbar-hâ))

کارْبَر (canonical)
kârbar (romanization)
کاربران (plural)
کاربرها (plural)


کوفته

→ Azerbaijani: küftə, kiftə

desc

→ English: kofta, kafta, kofte, koufta, kufta

→ French: kafta

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कोफ़्ता (koftā)

Urdu: کوفتہ (koftā)

→ Kazakh: кюфта (küfta)

→ Kumyk: кюпте (küpte)

→ Lithuanian: kofta

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كوفته (köfte), քէօֆթէ (köfte), քիուֆթէ (kiufte), քիւֆթէ (küfte) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: köfte
→ German: Köfte
→ Japanese: キョフテ
→ Arabic: كُفْتَة (kufta)
→ Armenian: քյուֆթա (kʻyuftʻa), քյուֆտա (kʻyufta), քուֆտա (kʻufta), քուֆթա (kʻuftʻa), քոֆթա (kʻoftʻa), քիւֆտայ (kʻiwftay), քուֆտայ (kʻuftay), քուֆթայ (kʻuftʻay), քոֆթայ (kʻoftʻay), քօֆթայ (kʻōftʻay) — traditional orthography
→ Bulgarian: кюфте́ (kjufté)
→ Crimean Tatar: küfte
→ Georgian: გუფთა (gupta)
→ Greek: κεφτές (keftés)
→ Ladino: kefte
→ Macedonian: ќофте (ḱofte)
→ Romanian: chifteá
⇒ Romanian: chiftelúță
→ Russian: тефте́ли (teftéli)
→ Mongolian: тефтель (teftelʹ)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ћу̀фта / ćùfta

→ Portuguese: cafta

→ Russian: кюфта́ (kjuftá)

→ Spanish: kofta

[kʰʊːf.t̪ʰǽ]

From کوفتن (kuftan, “to beat, grind, break”). Compare Northern Kurdish kutilk.


زبان مادری

زبان مادری من فارسی نیست. (more literary)

زبان مادریم فارسی نیست. (more colloquial)


شوخی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शोख़ी (śōxī)

Urdu: شوخی (śōxī)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੋਖ਼ੀ (śōxī), شوخی (śōxī)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੋਖ਼ੀ (śōxī), شوخی (śōxī)

شوخی به کنار

all joking aside (literally, “jokes to the side”)


گربه ایرانی

head

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی

گربههای ایرانی

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی • (gorbe-ye irâni) (plural گربههای ایرانی)

fa-noun

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی

گربههای ایرانی

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی (canonical)
gorbe-ye irâni (romanization)
گربههای ایرانی (plural)

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

fa:گربه ایرانی


رشته

head

رشته • (rešte) (plural رشتهها (rešte-hâ))

desc

→ Armenian: արիշտա (arišta), էրիշտա (ērišta), արշտա (aršta), ռշտա (ṙšta)

→ Azerbaijani: əriştə

→ Crimean Tatar: erişte

→ Libyan Arabic: رشتة

→ Hindi: रिश्ता (riśtā)

→ Northern Kurdish: herişte, rişte

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (riśtā)

Shahmukhi script: رشتہ (riśtā)

→ Turkish: erişte

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (lštk' /rištag/), from *rišt- (“to twist”, whence Classical Persian رشتن (rištan, “to twist, to spin”)) + -ag. The former is from Proto-Iranian *wrais- (“to turn, to spin”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *wriḱ-yé-ti (“to twist, to bend”). Compare Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬯𐬌𐬀 (uruuisia, “to turn”), German reihen (“to sew loosely”), Latin rīca (“veil”).

der

رشته مروارید

رشته نخ

رشته دروغ

متخصص در رشتههای مختلف

رشته دوستی

درست رشته امید ما بدان خم زلفت
مپرس سلسله ما ز شیخ و مفتی و تایب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 113:

My thread of hope is straightened by the loops in her locks of hair;
Do not ask the sheikh or the mufti or the repentant about [these] chains [that bind] me.

durust rišta-yi ummēd-i mā bad-ān xam-i zulfat
mapurs silsila-yi mā zi šayx u muftī u tāyib

reshte (Persian-style noodles); (loosely) noodles (in general)


امکان

head

امکان • (emkân) (plural امکانات (emkânât) or امکانها (emkân-hâ))

emkân (romanization)
امکانات (plural)
امکانها (plural)

[ʔɪm.kʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪm.kʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪm.kʰɑ́ːn]

مجموع اسناد این امکان را به بیبیسی داده است تا آنچه را که بر نیکا شاکرمی، ۱۶ ساله، از زمان بازداشت تا ناپدید شدن او گذشت بازسازی کند.

2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

The collection of documents gave BBC the opportunity to reconstruct what Nika Shakarami, aged 19, had gone through from the time of her arrest until her disappearance.

majmu'-e asnâd in emkân râ be bi-bi-si dâde ast tâ ânče râ ke bar nikâ šâkarâmi, 19 sâle, az zamân-e bâzdâšt tâ nâpadid šodan-e u gozašt bâzsâzi konad.

جنگ کودکان زیادی را در این ولسوالی یتیم گذاشته است که در کنار سایر مشکلات از امکانات رفتن به مدرسه محروم شدهاند.

2024 May 14, “چگونه صدها کودک افغان در منطقهای آموزش میبینند که زمانی هدف «مادر بمبها» بود؟”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

The war orphaned many children in this district who were, besides all the other problems, derived of any possibility of going to school.

jang kudakân-e ziyâdi râ dar in volosvâli yatim gozâšte ast ke dar kenâr-e sâyer-e moškelât az emkânât-e raftan be madrese mahrum šode'and.


انجام

انجام • (anjâm)

fa-noun

انجام • (anjâm)

[ʔän.d͡ʒɑːm]

[ʔän.d͡ʒɑːm]

[ʔän.d͡ʒɑːm]

[ʔän.d͡ʒɔːm]

[ʔæn.d͡ʒɒːm]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/hanǰām/, “end, completion, outcome”), from Old Persian [script needed] (*hanǰāma-, “end, conclusion”), from Proto-Iranian *ham- + *gam (“to come”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to go, stand”).

inh

در همه شغلها که دست برد
نیکش آغاز و نیکتر انجام

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 115”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

For every work you have done,
Its beginning was good, its end was better.

dar hama šugl-hā ki dast burd
nēk-aš āğāz u nēktar anjām


سکر

From Arabic verbal noun سُكْر (sukr). Perhaps extracted from the root of Arabic مُسْكِر (muskir), from Middle Persian mstgr (mastgar, “inebriating”).


مستی

→ Gujarati: મસ્તી (mastī)

→ Hindustani: mastī

Hindi: मस्ती

desc

Urdu: مَسْتی

Urdu: مَسْتی

→ Punjabi: mastī

Gurmukhi script: ਮਸਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: مستی


دفتر

head

دفتر • (daftar) (plural دفترها (daftar-hâ) or دفاتر (dafâter))

daftar (romanization)
دفترها (plural)
دفاتر (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਫ਼ਤਰ (daftar)

Shahmukhi script: دفتر (daftar)

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪æf.t̪ʰǽɹ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (dptl /daftar/), from Aramaic דפתרא / ܕܦܬܪܐ, from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra). The learned plural دفاتر (dafâter) is re-borrowed from Arabic.

inh+

وارد دفتر کردن

to register, to make an entry in the account book

دفتر خاطرات روزانه
daftar-e xâterât-e ruzâne
personal journal
(literally, “notebook of daily thoughts”)

بشوی اوراق اگر همدرس مایی
که علم عشق در دفتر نباشد

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 162”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Wash away the pages if you are our classmate,
For the science of love is not in the notebooks.

bišōy awrāq agar hamdars-i mā-yī
ki ilm-i išq dar daftar na-bāšad

رفتم دفترم


تبر

desc

→ Georgian: ტაბარი (ṭabari), ⇒ ტაბარძენი (ṭabarʒeni)

→ Gujarati: તબર (tabar)

→ Khalaj: tavarçuq

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تبر (teber)
Turkish: teber

Compare Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian տապար (tapar), Proto-Slavic *toporъ.


دژخیم

head

دژخیم • (dežxim, dožxim) (plural دژخیمها (dežxim, dožxim-hâ) or دژخیمان (dežxim, dožximân))

dežxim (romanization)
dožxim (romanization)
دژخیمها (plural)
دژخیمان (plural)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšhym /dušxēm/, “evil-natured”). By surface analysis, دژـ (dož-) + خیم (xim). Akin to Old Armenian դժխեմ (džxem), an Iranian borrowing.


آئین

head

آئین • (â'in)

fa-noun

آئین • (â'in)

→ Assamese: আইন (ain)

→ Bengali: আইন (ain)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: आईन (āīn)

desc

→ Urdu: آئِین (āīn)

→ Urdu: آئِین (āīn)

Akin to Old Armenian օրէն (ōrēn), an Iranian borrowing.

institution, rite, ceremony, custom, ordinance, canon, usage, prescription

common law (in contradistinction to Islamic sharia law)


بالا

head

بالا • (bâlâ)

fa-noun

بالا • (bâlâ)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/bālā/), from Proto-Iranian *bārźаh- (via a series of sound changes *rź > *rd > l) + a suffix *-ā of unknown origin. The first component is derived from Proto-Iranian *barź- (“to elevate, increase (height)”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up”).

der

در اینجای دریا آب پنج بالاست

In this part of the sea the water is five fathoms deep.

(nautical, Dashtestāni, Būshehri) a fathom; the height of a person used to measure the depth of a body of water


سخنرانی

head

سخنرانی • (soxanrâni) (plural سخنرانیها (soxanrâni-hâ))

soxanrâni (romanization)
سخنرانیها (plural)

From سخنران (soxanrân, “speaker”) + ـی (i).


خالق

خالِق • (xâleq)

fa-noun

خالِق • (xâleq)

→ Gujarati: ખાલિક (khālik)


مؤمن

head

مؤمن • (mo'men) (plural مؤمنان (mo'menân) or مؤمنها (mo'men-hâ) or مؤمنین (mo'menin))

mo'men (romanization)
مؤمنان (plural)
مؤمنها (plural)
مؤمنین (plural)


جبر

جبر و اختیار


رعد

Borrowed from Arabic رَعْد (raʕd). Found widely very early on, so that Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (glʾnʾk' /ɣarrānāg/, “thunder”) is not at all attested in New Persian.

ncog

چو آواز او رعد غرنده نیست
چو بازوی او تیغ برنده نیست

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Thunder does not roar as well as his shouts,
The blade does not cut as well as his arms.

čō āwāz-i ō ra'd ğurranda nēst
čō bāzū-yi ō tēğ burranda nēst


رزق

Borrowed from Arabic رِزْق (rizq), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭪 (rōzīg). Doublet of روزی (rôzi).

گفت عیسی چون نخوردی خون مرد
گفت در قسمت نبودم رزق خورد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 463:

Jesus asked, “How did not you drink the man’s blood?”
“In the (Divine) dispensation ‘twas not granted to me to drink [it as a sustenance]],” replied the lion.

guft 'Isa čōn na-xwardī xūn-i mard
guft dar qismat na-būdam rizq xward


جبار

head

جبار • (jabâr)

fa-noun

جبار • (jabâr)

[d͡ʒa.ˈβɑːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɔ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒæ.bɒ́ːɹ]


جن

From or cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (yaona, “way”), from Proto-Iranian *Háy (cognate with Pashto يون (yūn, “movement; walking; going”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-.

cog

پرندوش از این جن سواری گذشت
که لرزید ازو سر به سر بوم و دشت
parandôš az ên jan savârê guzašt

c. 1000, Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, The Book of Kings


جابر

head

جابر • (jâber)

fa-noun

جابر • (jâber)


جنین

توسعه جنین

ناقص بماند مرد چو کامل نشد بعشق
همچون جنین که از شکم مادر اوفتاد

early 1300s, Sayf-i Farghanī, دیوان سیف:

Man remains incomplete when he has not been completed with love,
Like the fetus that falls out of its mother's belly.

nāqis bimānad mard čū kāmil na-šud bi išq
hamčūn janīn ki az šikam-i mādar ūftād


فقیه

jurist and theologian, expert in Islamic jurisprudence.


شورت

head

شورت • (šort)

fa-noun

شورت • (šort)

شورت زنانه

ladies' knickers, women's knickers, knickers, ladies' pants, women's pants


جمهوری‌خواه

head

جمهوریخواهان

جمهوریخواه • (jomhuri-xâh) (plural جمهوریخواهان (jomhuri-xâh-ân))

fa-noun

جمهوریخواهان

جمهوریخواه (canonical)
jomhuri-xâh (romanization)
جمهوریخواهان (plural)

From جمهوری (jomhuri, “republic”) + ـخواه (xâh).

af

fa:جمهوری‌خواه


جانماز

head

جانماز • (jânamâz) (plural جانمازها (jânamâz-hâ))

jânamâz (romanization)
جانمازها (plural)

→ Gujarati: જાનમાઝ (jānmājh)

→ Punjabi: jānamāz

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਨਮਾਜ਼

Shahmukhi script: جانماز

→ Urdu: جانَماز (jānamāz)

From جا (jâ, “place, location”) + نماز (namâz, “prayer”).

af

Alternative form: جاینماز (jây-namâz) (alternative spelling)


دود

From Proto-Iranian *duHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós. Compare Northern Kurdish dû and Lurish دی (di, “smoke”).


دروان

head

دروان • (darvân)

fa-noun

دروان • (darvân)

دربان دربان#Persian


دربان

head

دربان • (darbân)

fa-noun

دربان • (darbân)

[d̪äɾ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äɾ.bɔ́ːn]

[d̪æɹ.bɒ́ːn]

تن مرا گر بخنجر چاک سازد منتش بر دل
چه گویم کش دل و جان صدقه دربان او بادا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 93:

If she tears up my body with a dagger, it is her favor to my heart;
What shall I say? May its heart and soul be my alms to her doorkeeper!

tan-i ma-rā gar ba-xanjar čāk sāzad minnataš bar dil
či gōyam k-aš dil u jān sadaqa-yi darbān-i ō bādā


کشتگی

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[kʰuʃ.t̪ʰä.ɡí]

[kʰoʃ.t̪ʰæ.ɡʲíː]

[kʰuʃ.t̪ʰä.ɡí]


وی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter v in English and other European languages.


مارخور

head

مارخور • (mârxor)

fa-noun

مارخور • (mârxor)

From مار (mâr, “snake”) + خور (xor, “present stem of the verb 'to eat'”).


بنده

head

بَنْدِه • (bande)

fa-noun

بَنْدِه • (bande)

بَنْدِه (canonical)
bande (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: bəndə

→ Bashkir: бәндә (bəndə)

→ Bengali: বান্দা (banda)

→ Chagatai: بنده

Uyghur: بەندە (bende)

Uzbek: banda

→ Gujarati: બંદો (bando)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बंदा (bandā)

Urdu: بَنْدَہ (banda)

→ Kazakh: пенде (pende)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بنده (bende)

Turkish: bende

→ Pashto: بنده (banda)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦਾ (bandā)

→ Shahmukhi script: بَنْدَہ (banda)

→ Turkmen: bende

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bndk' /bandag/), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎭𐎣 (badaka). Compare Sanskrit बन्धक (bandhaka). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).


وجدان

vojdân (romanization)
vejdân (romanization)

[wʊd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[wɪd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[wʊd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[wɪd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[wʊd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[wɪd͡ʒ.d̪ɑ́ːn]


روحانی

head

روحانی • (rowhâni) (plural روحانیون (rowhâniyyun) or روحانیها (rowhâni-hâ) or روحانیان (rowhâniân))

rowhâni (romanization)
روحانیون (plural)
روحانیها (plural)
روحانیان (plural)

[ɹoː.ɦɒː.níː]

Borrowed from Arabic رُوحَانِيّ (rūḥāniyy).


نشانه

head

نِشانِه • (nešâne) (plural نشانهها (nešâne-hâ) or نشانگان (nešânegân))

نِشانِه (canonical)
nešâne (romanization)
نشانهها (plural)
نشانگان (plural)

From نشان (nešân) + ـه (-e). Compare Old Armenian նշանակ (nšanak), an Iranian borrowing.


آسیب

آسیب • (âsib)

fa-noun

آسیب • (âsib)

From Proto-Iranian *ā- + *saima- (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂i-), perhaps borrowed from a prefixed form of Sogdian 𐼼𐼷𐼺 (sym /sēm/, “confused, trouble”) with final denasalization; cf. Classical Persian آسیمه (āsēma, “confused”). Compare Ancient Greek σκαιός (skaiós, “left-hand, clumsy, unlucky”), Latin scaevus (“left-hand, clumsy, unlucky”), Proto-Germanic *skaibaz (“slant, not straight”).
First attested in Unsuri, early eleventh century.

cog

من از این رابطه آسیب دیدم.
man az in râbete âsib didam.
I was scarred by this relationship.

literally, “I saw wounds from this relationship.”

سالم از دزدان و از آسیب سنگ
برد تا دار الخلافه بیدرنگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2736:

He bore it without delay, safe from robbers and unhurt by stones, to the seat of the Caliphate.

sālim az duzdān u az āsēb-i-sang
burd tā dāru l-xilāfa bē-dirang


درخواست

head

درخواست • (darxâst) (plural درخواستها (darxâst-hâ))

darxâst (romanization)
درخواستها (plural)

→ Assamese: দৰ্খাস্ত (dorkhasto)

→ Bengali: দরখাস্ত (dorkhasto)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: दरख़ास्त (darxāst), दरख़्वास्त (daraxvāst)

Urdu: درخواست (darxāst, daraxvāst)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਖਾਸਤ (darkhāsat)

Shahmukhi script: درخواست (darxāst)

[d̪äɾ.xɑ́ːst̪]

[d̪äɾ.xɑ́ːst̪]

[d̪äɾ.xɑ́ːst̪]

[d̪äɾ.ˈxɔːst̪]

[d̪æɹ.xɒ́ːst̪]

[d̪äɾ.χɔ́st̪]

در (dar) + خواست (xâst, past stem of خواستن (xâstan, “to want”)). Compare
Central Kurdish داخوازی (daxwazî), Northern Kurdish daxwaz.

af

past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خواستن</i> (xâstan, “to want”)


جو

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /jaw/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas.


جو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian [script needed] (yauviya). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).


جو

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).


خاکروبه

head

خاکروبه • (xâkrube)

fa-noun

خاکروبه • (xâkrube)

From خاک (xâk, “dirt”) + رفتن (roftan, “clean”).


رأی

head

رأی • (ra'y) (plural آراء (ârâ') or رأیها (ra'y-hâ))

ra'y (romanization)
آراء (plural)
رأیها (plural)

→ Bengali: রায় (raẏ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: राय (rāy)

Urdu: رائے (rā'ye)

Borrowed from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy). Not to be confused with native رای (rây, “sense, intelligence, opinion, reason”).


کون‌گشاد

کونگشاد • (kun-gošâd)

fa-noun

کونگشاد • (kun-gošâd)

کونگشاد (canonical)
kun-gošâd (romanization)

[ˌkʰuŋɡoˈʃɒːd]


داروها

head

داروها • (dâru-hâ)

دارو دارو#Persian


اصول‌گرایان

اصولگرایان • (osul-garâyân)

اصولگرایان (canonical)
osul-garâyân (romanization)

اصولگرا اصولگرا#Persian

fundamentalists, plural form of اصولگرا.


اصلاح‌طلب

اصلاحطلب (canonical)
eslâh-talab (romanization)

A compound of اصلاح (eslâh) and طلب (talab), meaning literally 'seeker of improvement'.


اصول‌گرا

اصولگرا (canonical)
osul-garâ (romanization)

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

From اصول (osul, “principles, fundamentals”) + ـگرا (-garâ, “-ist”).


اصلاح‌طلبان

head

اصلاحطلبان • (eslâh-talabân)

اصلاحطلبان (canonical)
eslâh-talabân (romanization)

A compound of اصلاح (eslâh) and طلبان (talabân), meaning literally 'seekers of improvement'.

اصلاحطلب اصلاحطلب#Persian


بنیاد

بنیاد • (bonyâd) (plural بنیادها (bonyâd-hâ))

→ Bengali: বুনিয়াদ (buniẏad)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बुनियाद (buniyād)

desctree

Urdu: بنیاد (buniyād)
→ Ushojo: بنیاد (bunyād)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੁਨਿਆਦ (buniāda)

Shahmukhi script: بنیاد (buniyād)

[bʊɲ.jɑ́ːd̪]

[bʊɲ.jɑ́ːd̪]

[bʊɲ.jɑ́ːd̪]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/bun-dāt/), from Old Persian [script needed] (buna datiy, “placed it in the foundation”). Compare بنداد (bondâd), and بنلاد (bonlâd). The financial sense is of modern usage and probably a semantic loan from European languages, e.g. French fondation.

inh

بیا که قصر امل سخت سست بنیادست
بیار باده که بنیاد عمر بر بادست

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 35”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

Come, for hope’s castle is of sore weak foundation; bring wine, for life’s foundation is [built] on wind.

biyâ ke qasr-e amal saxt sost bonyâd ast
biyâr bâde ke bonyâd-e 'omr bar bâd ast

bonyad (specific Iranian form of charitable foundation)


سیخ

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیخ (sih)
Turkish: sih
→ Armenian: սիխ (six), սեխ (sex)


پیشه

head

پیشه • (piše)

fa-noun

پیشه • (piše)

→ Azerbaijani: peşə

→ Hindi: पेशा (peśā)

→ Urdu: پیشہ (pēša)

→ Uzbek: pesha

Inherited from Middle Persian pyšk' (pēšag, “trade, craft; guild”), from Proto-Iranian *pais- (“to adorn, paint, write”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to mark, paint; spot, color”).


عراف

head

عراف • (arrâf)

fa-noun

عراف • (arrâf)

(dialectal) squaller, bawler, or somebody of impudent manners


گواهی‌نامه

head

گُواهینامِه • (govâhi-nâme) (plural گواهینامهها (govâhi-nâme-hâ))

گُواهینامِه (canonical)
govâhi-nâme (romanization)
گواهینامهها (plural)


گواهی‌نامه رانندگی

گُواهینامِهٔ رانَنْدِگی

گُواهینامِهٔ رانَنْدِگی • (govâhi-nâme-ye rânandegi)

fa-noun

گُواهینامِهٔ رانَنْدِگی

گُواهینامِهٔ رانَنْدِگی (canonical)
govâhi-nâme-ye rânandegi (romanization)

[ɡ̥o.vɒː.ɦiː.nɒːme.je ɹɒː.næn̪.d̪e.ɡʲiː]

driver's license (US), driving licence (UK), driver's licence (Aus, Canada, New Zealand)


شو

šaw (romanization)
šow (romanization)
šav (romanization)

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(colloquial) pronunciation spelling of شب (šab).


هلی‌کوپتر

هلیکوپتر (canonical)
heli-kopter (romanization)


حاجی فیروز

head

حاجی فیروز • (hâji firuz)

Hajji Firuz, a traditional character of Nowruz who heralds the New Year with song, dance and music-making; he wears a red costume and his face is coloured black by fire smoke.


دنبلان

sheep's testicles, cow's testicles eaten sliced and fried in Iran.


بالگرد

بالگرد • (bâlgard) (plural بالگردها (bâlgard-hâ))

bâlgard (romanization)
بالگردها (plural)

Calqued from French hélicoptère. Composed of بال (bâl, “wing”) + گرد (gard, present stem of گردیدن (gardidan, “to rotate”))
Coined by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature as a replacement for هلیکوپتر.

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گردیدن</i> (gardidan, “to rotate”)


همکار

head

همکار • (hamkâr) (plural همکاران (hamkârân) or همکارها (hamkâr-hâ))

hamkâr (romanization)
همکاران (plural)
همکارها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: həmkar

→ Armenian: համքար (hamkʻar)

desc

→ Georgian: ჰამქარი (hamkari), ამქარი (amkari)

→ Ottoman Turkish: همکار (hemkâr)

→ Uyghur: ھەمكار (hemkar)

→ Uzbek: hamkor


نکته

head

نکته • (nokte) (plural نکات (nekât, nokât) or نکتهها (nokte-hâ))

nokte (romanization)
نکات (plural)
نکتهها (plural)


دستور زبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

fa-noun

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

دَسْتورِ زَبان (canonical)
dastur-e zabân (romanization)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

Fa-دستور زبان.ogg


بته

بوته بوته#Persian

بته جقه
بته جقه#Persian

Alternative form of بته جقه (botte jeqqe)


کولر

head

کولِر • (kuler) (plural کولرها (kuler-hâ))

کولِر (canonical)
kuler (romanization)
کولرها (plural)


شنبلیله

desctree

Azerbaijani: şəmbəllə, şənbəllə, şəmbələ
→ Armenian: շամբալա (šambala)
→ Russian: шамбала́ (šambalá)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šmblyt /šamblīt, šamblīd/), [script needed] (šmblytk' /šambalīdag/, “fenugreek”), whence also Old Armenian շամղիտակ (šamłitak) and Arabic شِمْلِيدَج (šimlīdaj). Ultimately borrowed from a Semitic language. Compare Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שִׁבְּלִילְתָא (šibbəlīləṯā), Classical Syriac ܫܒܠܝܠܬܐ (šebbəlīltā) and ܦܠܝܠܬܐ (pəlīltā), all from Akkadian 𒊭𒄠𒁀𒇷𒅋𒌈 (/šambaliltum/), 𒊭𒁀𒇸𒌅 (/šabbaliltu/), 𒊭𒄠𒈬 𒁀𒅋𒌈 (/šammu baliltu/, “fenugreek”, literally “mixture grass”).
The word is found in other modern Iranian languages: compare Harzani [script needed] (šunbulla), Badakhshan Tajik шалит (šalit, “orach”), Wakhi šlit, šliṭ (“Chenopodium album”), Shiraz Persian شملیز (šamliz) and Central Kurdish شمڵی (şimllî).

cog

שִׁבְּלִילְתָא

colchicum (at least variants ending in -id or -it)


هندسه

→ Sindhi: هندسه

Borrowed from Arabic هَنْدَسَة (handasa), itself a Middle Persian borrowing.


گندم

→ Malay: gandum

Indonesian: gandum

→ Urdu: گندم (gandum)

[ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]

[ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]

[ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]

[ɡʲæn̪.d̪óm]

From Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /gannum/), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (Hᵍ /gan(d)um/)) from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian.
Compare Parthian 𐫃𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫖 (gndwm /gandum/), Sogdian 𐼲𐼻𐽂𐼺 (γntm /γandam/), Northern Luri گںنم (gənem), Northern Kurdish genim, Pashto غنم (ǧanëm), Talysh گندم (qandım), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gaṇtuma), 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Sanskrit गोधूम (godhūma).


پیغام

head

پیغام • (peyğâm) (plural پیغامها (peyğâm-hâ))

From Middle Persian; compare Middle Persian pgtʾm, Manichaean Middle Persian pygʾm, Sogdian [script needed] (patγām), Northern Kurdish pêxemet (“sake, in the name of”), pêxem (“barrier, obstacle; from the sense of "come against"”), Central Kurdish پێخەم (pêxem, “barrier, hindrance; answer”). Ultimately from Old Iranian *pati-gāma-, from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”) + a formation derived from Proto-Iranian *gam- (“to come”), the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gam-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to come, step”). Compare also Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պատգամ (patgam), Aramaic פתגמא, Classical Syriac ܦܬܓܡܐ (peṯəḡāmāʾ), Classical Mandaic ࡐࡅࡂࡃࡀࡌࡀ (pugdāmā), Hebrew פִּתְגָּם (piṯgām).

inh

دختر ایرونی که ناز و دلبری این پیغام بلک کتس رو گوش کن

2006, “جون خودت”, performed by Black Cats:

Iranian Girls, cute and flirty, listen to this message from Black Cats!


لوبیا

head

لوبیا • (lôbiyâ) (plural لوبیاها (lôbiyâ-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: لُوبِيَا (lūbiyā), لُوبِيَاء (lūbiyāʔ), لُوبَاء (lūbāʔ), لُوبِيَة (lūbiya), לוביא — Judeo-Arabic
Moroccan Arabic: لوبيا (lūbya)
→ Tarifit: ǧubiyet, rubiyet
→ Israeli Hebrew: לוּבׅיָא (lūḇīyā)
→ Spanish: alubia

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܠܘܒܝܐ (lōbyā)

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: לובי

Classical Mandaic: ࡋࡅࡁࡉࡀ

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: רוּבְיָא (rūḇəyā), לוּבְיָא (lūḇəyā)

→ Armenian: լոբի (lobi)

→ Azerbaijani: lobya

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लोबिया (lobiyā)

Urdu: لوبیا (lobiyā)

→ Kazakh: лобия (lobiä)

→? Russian: ло́бия (lóbija)

→ Turkmen: noýba

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: լովիաս (lovias), լովէստ (lovēst), լուպիա (lupia), լուպիայ (lupiay), լուպիաս (lupias), լուվիաս (luvias), լօվիաս (lōvias)
Armenian: լուբիա (lubia)

desc

→ Middle Georgian: ლობიო (lobio), ლებუა (lebua) — Kakheti, ლებიო (lebio) — Mtiuleti, Khevi, Pshavi, Khevsureti, Tusheti, ლობიე (lobie), ლობიეი (lobiei) — Guria, ლუბია (lubia), ლუბიო (lubio), ლობია (lobia) — Fereydan (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲੋਬੀਆ (lobīā)

Shahmukhi script: لوبیا (lobiyā)

→ Turkish: lobya

→ Uzbek: loviya

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λόβια (lóbia), plural of λόβιον (lóbion, “fruit of the cowpea (σμῖλαξ (smîlax))”), from Akkadian 𒇻𒂠𒊬 (LU-UB₂-^(SAR) /lubbu, luppu/, “cowpea”), from Sumerian 𒇻𒂠𒊬 (LU-UB₂-^(SAR) /lub/, “cowpea”), likely connected to the Sumerian 𒇻𒂠 (LU-UB₂ /lub/, “pouch, pod, bag”); possibly also found in Arabic جُلُبَّان (julubbān, “grass pea”).


داماد

head

داماد • (dâmâd) (plural دامادها (dâmâd-hâ))

→ Alviri-Vidari: دماد

→ Bengali: দামাদ (damad)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दामाद (dāmād)

Urdu: داماد (dāmād)

→ Khalaj: dâmâd

→ Ottoman Turkish: داماد (dâmâd)

Turkish: damat

→⇒ Armenian: Տամատյան (Tamatyan)

→? Proto-Circassian: *tħamada

Adyghe: тхьаматэ (tḥamatɛ)

Kabardian: тхьэмадэ (tḥɛmadɛ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:dāmād

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਮਾਦ

Shahmukhi script: داماد (dāmād)

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɔː.mɔːd̪̥]

[d̪ɒː.mɒːd̪̥]

[d̪ɒː.mɒːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾmʾt' /dāmād/), from Old Persian *𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 (*d-a-m-a-t-r /dāmātar-/), from Proto-Iranian *jā́mātā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”).
Cognate with Northern Kurdish zava, Pashto زوم (zum), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zāmātar), Sanskrit जामातृ (jāmātṛ), Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós).

inh

گفت دختر را کزین داماد نو، خویشتن پرهیز کن حامل مشو.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3720:

He said to his daughter, "Guard yourself from this new bridegroom, do not become with child."

goft doxtar-râ k-az-in dâmâd-e now, xištan parhiz kon hâmel ma-šow

یکی منظری پیش ایوان خویش، برآورده چون تخت رخشان خویش، به میدان شدندی دو داماد اوی، بیاراستندی دل شاد اوی.

c. 1000, Ferdowsi, “پادشاهی لهراسپ [King Lohrâsp]”, in شاهنامه [Shahnameh]:

He erected a portico before his own palace, resembling his own shining throne; his two sons-in-law made their way to the square, and delighted his gladdened heart.

yeki manzari piš-e ivân-e xiš, bar-âvarde čon taxt-e roxšân-e xiš, be meydân šodandi do dâmâd-e uy, bey-ârâstandi del-e šâd-e uy.


مچ پا

head

مچ پا • (moč-e pâ)

fa-noun

مچ پا • (moč-e pâ)

From مچ (moč, “joint”) + پا (pâ, “foot”), literally “joint of foot”.


مغزها

head

مغزها • (mağz-hâ)


فرار مغزها

فرار مغزها • (farâr-e mağz-hâ)

fa-noun

فرار مغزها • (farâr-e mağz-hâ)

fa:فرار مغزها


تنگه

head

تنگه • (tange) (plural تنگهها (tange-hâ))


تنگه

→ Malay: tanggah

Indonesian: tanggah


میهن‌پرستی

میهنپرستی (canonical)
mihan-parasti (romanization)


میهن‌پرست

میهَنپَرَستان

میهَنپَرَستها

میهَنپَرَست • (mihan-parast) (plural میهَنپَرَستان or میهَنپَرَستها)

fa-noun

میهَنپَرَستان

میهَنپَرَستها

میهَنپَرَست (canonical)
mihan-parast (romanization)
میهَنپَرَستان (plural)
میهَنپَرَستها (plural)

From میهَن (mihan, “homeland”) + ـپَرَست (-parast, “-ist”).


پیش‌بینی

head

پیشبینی • (piš-bini)

fa-noun

پیشبینی • (piš-bini)

پیشبینی (canonical)
piš-bini (romanization)


بیضه

head

بیضه • (beyze) (plural بیضهها (beyze-hâ))


عرفان

عرفان • ('erfân)

fa-noun

عرفان • ('erfân)

knowledge, knowing, cognition, especially in Sufism

gnosis, the attainment of direct spiritual knowledge


جستجو

head

جُستُجو • (jostoju) (plural جُستُجوها (jostoju-hâ))

جُستُجو (canonical)
jostoju (romanization)
جُستُجوها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुस्तजू (justajū)

Urdu: جستجو (justajū)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੁਸਤਜੂ (justajū)

Shahmukhi script: جستجو (justajū)

[d͡ʒʊs.t̪ʰʊ.d͡ʒoː]

[d͡ʒʊs.t̪ʰʊ.d͡ʒoː]

[d͡ʒʊs.t̪ʰʊ.d͡ʒoː]

جست (jost, past stem of جستن (jostan, “to look for”)) + و (o, “and”) + جو (ju, present stem of جستن (jostan, “to look for”)).

af

past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">جستن</i> (jostan, “to look for”)

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">جستن</i> (jostan, “to look for”)

روز شه در جستجو بیگاه شد / سوی آن کمپیر و آن خرگاه شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 329:

The King's day became late [far-spent] in searching [for the falcon]: he went (at last) to the old woman and the tent [where she lived].

ruz-e šah dar jostoju bigâh šod / suy-e ân kampir o ân xargâh šod


تبریک

head

تبریک • (tabrik) (plural تبریکات (tabrikât))

[t̪ʰäb.ɾíːk]

[t̪ʰäb.ɾíːk]

[t̪ʰäb.ɾíːk]

[t̪ʰæb.ɹíːkʲ]

Borrowed from Arabic تَبْرِيك (tabrīk, “congratulation”).


کیسه

→ Azerbaijani: kisə

→ Bashkir: кеҫә (keśə)

→ Chagatai: کیسه

Uyghur: كىسە (kise, “pocket”)

Uzbek: kissa

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیسه (kise, kese) (see there for further descendants)

Turkish: kese

→ Tatar: кесә (kesä)

→ Turkmen: kise (“pocket”)

→ undefined Turkic:

→ Belarusian: киса́ (kisá)

→ Latvian: ķeša

→ Polish: kiesa

→ Russian: киса́ (kisá)

→ Ukrainian: киса́ (kysá)

From Middle Persian *kysk' (/kīsak, kīsag/), ultimately from Akkadian 𒋢𒃻𒉌𒌓 (kīsu, “leather bag for weights and silver; silver capital; treasury”), from which via Aramaic כִּיסָא (kīsā, “sack; purse”) Arabic كِيس (kīs, “sack; purse”). Other direct descendants of Middle Iranian include Old Armenian քսակ (kʻsak), Old Georgian კისაკი (ḳisaḳi), Udi кисакӏ (kisaḳ) and Baluchi کیسگ (kīsag, “pocket”).


بهره

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bʾhlk' /bahrag/, only attested in a phrase meaning "on account of", "for the profit of"). By surface analysis, بهر (bahr) + ـه (-e).

surf

بهره هوشی


فرار

head

فرار • (farâr)

fa-noun

فرار • (farâr)

Derived from Arabic ف ر ر (f r r, “related to fleeing”).


قیچی

head

قِیچی • (qeyči) (plural قیچیها (qeyči-hâ))

قِیچی (canonical)
qeyči (romanization)
قیچیها (plural)

→ Assamese: কেঁচি (kẽsi)

desc

→ Bengali: কাঁচি (kãci), কাঁইচি (kãici), কেঁচি (kẽci), ক্যাঁয়চি (kễẏoci)

→ Gujarati: કેંચી (keñcī)

→ Hindustani: qa͠icī

Hindi: क़ैंची

Hindi: क़ैंची

Urdu: قَین٘چی

Urdu: قَین٘چی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੈਂਚੀ (kaiñcī)

Shahmukhi script: قَین٘چی (qaiṉcī)

[qäj.t͡ʃʰíː]

[qäj.t͡ʃʰíː]

[qäj.t͡ʃʰíː]

Ultimately derived from Proto-Mongolic *kaïčï, compare Mongolian хайч (xajč).
Likely via Chagatai or Old Anatolian Turkish.


پیام

head

پیام • (payâm) (plural پیامها (payâm-hâ))

پیامِ تبریکِ تولد

همه شب در این امیدم که نسیم صبحگاهی
به پیام آشنایان بنوازد آشنا را

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 6”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

All through the night, I have this hope that the morning breeze
Will caress the lover in the message of lovers.

hama šab dar în omêd-am ki nasîm-i subhgâhî
ba payâm-i âšinâyân binawâzad âšinâ râ

پیغام پیغام#Persian

Alternative form of پیغام (peyğâm): message


استفاده

استفاده • (estefâde)

fa-noun

استفاده • (estefâde)

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.d̪ǽ]

Fa-استفاده.ogg

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِفَادَة (istifāda).

bor+

اِسْتِفَادَة


زنا

head

زنا • (zenâ)

fa-noun

زنا • (zenâ)

Borrowed from Arabic زِنَاء (zināʔ), from زَنَى (zanā).

etymon

zina, any kind of premarital or extramarital sexual intercourse


سود

→ Bengali: সুদ (śud)

→ Hindi: सूद (sūd)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swt'), 𐫘𐫇𐫅 (swd), 𐫘𐫇𐫇𐫅 (swwd /sūd/).

inh

دل عالمی بسوزی چو عذار برفروزی
تو از این چه سود داری که نمیکنی مدارا

When you set your cheeks aflame, you burn the worldly heart;
What profit do you find from this, that you show no kindness?

dil-i âlamî bisôzî čô izâr bar-furôzî
tu az în či sûd dârî ki na-mê-kunî mudârâ

(including economics) profit; gain; benefit; advantage


بیابان

head

بیابان • (biyâbân) (plural بیابانها (biyâbân-hâ))

biyâbân (romanization)
بیابانها (plural)
بیابان (singular)
biyâbân (singular)
بیابانها (plural)
biyâbân-hấ (plural)
بیابانا (colloquial plural)
biyâbânấ (plural)
بیابان را (definite direct-object singular)
biyâbân râ (definite direct-object singular)
بیابان رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
biyâbâno (definite direct-object singular)
بیابانها را (definite direct-object plural)
biyâbân-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
بیابانا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
biyâbânấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
بیابان (ezafe singular)
biyâbân-e (ezafe singular)
بیابانهای (ezafe plural)
biyâbân-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بیابانای (colloquial ezafe plural)
biyâbânấ-ye (ezafe plural)
بیابانی (definite relative singular)
بیابانی (indefinite singular stressed)
biyâbân-i (definite relative singular)
biyâbân-i (indefinite singular stressed)
بیابانهایی (definite plural relative)
بیابانهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
biyâbânấn-i, biyâbân-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
biyâbânấn-i, biyâbân-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
بیابانایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
بیابانایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
biyâbânấi (definite plural relative)
biyâbânấi (indefinite plural stressed)

Inherited from Middle Persian wydʾpʾn (wiyābān, “astray, wandering; desert”).

inh+

بسا شکسته بیابان که باغ خرم بود – و باغ خرم گشت آن کجا بیابان بود

858-941, Rōdakī, “عصا بیار که وقت عصا و انبان بود”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

basā šikasta biyābān ki bāğ-i xurram būd – wa bāğ-i xurram gašt ān kujā biyābān būd

در بیابان گر به شوق کعبه خواهی زد قدم – سرزنشها گر کند خار مغیلان غم مخور

1315-1390, Hafiz, “یوسف گمگشته بازآید به کنعان [From Canaan Joseph Shall Return]”, in غزلیات [Ghazaliyyat]:

dar biyābān gar ba šawq-i ka'ba xwāhī zad qadam — sarzaniš-hā gar kunad xār-i muğēlān ğam maxwar

مو آن دلدادهٔ بیخانمانم – مو آن محنت نصیب سختجانم
 مو آن سرگشتهخارم در بیابان – که چون بادی وزد هر سو دوانم

11th cent., Bābā Tahīr, “مو آن دلدادهٔ بیخانمانم”, in دوبیتیها [Do-baytīs]:

mō ān dildāda-yi bē-xānumānam – mō ān mihnat-nasīb-i saxat-jānam
 mō ān sargašta-xāram dar biyābān – ki čūn bādī wazad har sō dawānam

صید بیابان عشق چون بخورد تیر او – سر نتواند کشید پای ز زنجیر او

1184-1291, Sa'dī, “صید بیابان عشق چون بخورد تیر او”, in Bostan:

sayd-i biyābān-i išq čūn bixwarad tīr-i ō – sar natawānad kašīd pā-yi z-i zanjīr-i ō


زناء

head

زناء • (zenâ')

fa-noun

زناء • (zenâ')


همکاران

head

همکاران • (hamkârân)

همکار همکار#Persian


کیلومتر

کیلومتر • (kilometr) (plural کیلومترها (kilometr-hâ))

kilometr (romanization)
کیلومترها (plural)


خستگی

خَستِگی (canonical)
xastegi (romanization)

[xäs.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[xäs.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[xäs.t̪ʰä.ɡíː]

[χäs.t̪ʰä.ɡí]

From Classical Persian خسته (xasta) + ـگی (-gī).


یادداشت

head

یادداشت • (yâddâšt)

fa-noun

یادداشت • (yâddâšt)

→ Azerbaijani: yaddaş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: याददाश्त (yāddāśt)

desc

Urdu: یَادْدَاشْت (yāddāśt)

Urdu: یَادْدَاشْت (yāddāśt)

[jɑːð.ˈdɑːʃt]

[jɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːʃt̪]

[jɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːʃt̪]

[jɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːʃt̪]

[jɔːd̪.d̪ɔ́ːʃt̪]

[jɒːd̪.d̪ɒ́ːʃt̪]

[jɔd̪.d̪ɔ́ʃt̪]


میان

head

میان • (miyân)

fa-noun

میان • (miyân)

desctree

→ Bengali: মিঞা (mĩa), মিয়া (miẏa), মিয়াঁ (miẏã), মিঁয়া (mĩẏa), মিঞাঁ (mĩã), মিয়ান (miẏan) — archaic, Vanga
→ English: Miah, Miya

→ Ottoman Turkish: میان

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਆਂ (mīā̃)

Shahmukhi script: میاں (mīyān)

Sylheti: ꠝꠤꠀ (mia)

From Middle Persian mdyʾn' (mayān), from Old Persian *madyānaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *mádyānah, composed of *mádyah + *-anah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰyas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (maⁱδiia), Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), Ossetian мидӕг (midæg), Gilaki مئن (men) and Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān).


حیله

کار مردان روشنی و گرمی است
کار دونان حیله و بیشرمی است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 320:

The work of [holy] men is light and heat; the work of vile men is trickery and shamelessness.

kār-i mardān rōšanī u garmī ast
kār-i dūnān hīla u bē-šarmī ast


گزارش‌ها

head

گزارشها • (gozâreš-hâ)

گزارشها (canonical)
gozâreš-hâ (romanization)

گزارش گزارش#Persian


پریروز

[pʰæɾiːˈɾuːz]

From پری (pari, parê, “day before yesterday”) + روز (ruz, “day”).

compound

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


مجازات مرگ

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mu.d͡ʒɔː.zɔː.t̪ʰi mäɾɡ̥]

[mo.d͡ʒɒː.zɒː.t̪ʰe mæɹɡʲ̥]


خاطرات

head

خاطرات • (xâterât)

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːt̪]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːt̪]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːt̪]

[xɔː.t̪ʰi.ɾɔːt̪]

[xɒː.t̪ʰe.ɹɒːt̪]

[χɔ.t̪ʰi.ɾɔt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic خَاطِرَات (ḵāṭirāt).

bor+

خاطره خاطره#Persian


پس‌فردا

پسفردا (canonical)
pas-fardâ (romanization)


کمیته

head

کمیته • (komite) (plural کمیتهها (komite-hâ))


اسهال

اسهال • (eshâl)

fa-noun

اسهال • (eshâl)


خلبان

head

خلبان • (xalabân or xalbân) (plural خلبانان (xalabânân))

xalabân (romanization)
xalbân (romanization)
خلبانان (plural)

From خله (xale, “(archaic) helm, oar”) + ـبان (-bân). Purism that replaced پایلت (peylât) from English and طیارهچی (tayyâreči) from Arabic with a Turkish suffix.


آدامس

head

آدامس • (âdâms)

fa-noun

آدامس • (âdâms)

[ʔɒː.d̪ɒ́ːms]

Borrowed from English Adams, a historical American brand of chewing-gum, named after its inventor Thomas Adams.


قلیان

head

قلیان • (qalyân)

fa-noun

قلیان • (qalyân)

qalyân (romanization)
قلیانم (first-person possessive singular)
qalyânam (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
qelyunam (first-person possessive singular)
قلیانمان (first-person plural possessive)
qalyânemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
qelyunemun (first-person plural possessive)
قلیانت (possessive second-person singular)
qalyânat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
qelyunet (possessive second-person singular)
قلیانتان (plural possessive second-person)
qalyânetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
qelyunetun (plural possessive second-person)
قلیانش (possessive singular third-person)
qalyânaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
qelyuneš (possessive singular third-person)
قلیانشان (plural possessive third-person)
qalyânešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
qelyunešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Russian: калья́н (kalʹján)

→ Belarusian: калья́н (kalʹján)

→ Ukrainian: калья́н (kalʹján)

Borrowed from Arabic غَلْيُون (ḡalyūn, “smoking pipe”), then hypercorrecting the ending [un] which colloquial Iranian Persian generally puts for trailing /ɒn/, with regard to the vulgar origin of the habit of tobacco smoking, which wrong deduction was also supported by reminiscence of Arabic غَلَيَان (ḡalayān, “boiling”).

bor+

Persian phonology#Colloquial Iranian Persian


آرنج

head

آرنج • (âranj) (plural آرنجها (âranj-hâ))

[ʔɑː.ˈɾand͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɑː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

[ʔɔː.ɾǽnd͡ʒ̥]

[ʔɒː.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haratníš. Compare Sanskrit अरत्नि (aratni).


آموزگار

آموزْگار • (âmuzgâr) (plural آموزگاران (âmuzgârân) or آموزگارها (âmuzgâr-hâ))

آموزْگار (canonical)
âmuzgâr (romanization)
آموزگاران (plural)
آموزگارها (plural)

[ʔɑː.moːz.ˈɡɑːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɔː.mʊːz.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔɒː.muːz.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔɔ.mɵz.ɡɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmwckʾl /hammōzgār/). By surface analysis, آموز + گر. Compare Old Armenian համոզակեր (hamozaker).


عادت

head

عادت • ('âdat) (plural عادات ('âdât) or عادتها ('âdat-hâ))

'âdat (romanization)
عادات (plural)
عادتها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: adət

→ Georgian: ადათი (adati)

→ Hindi: आदत (ādat)

→ Kalasha: adat

→ Kazakh: әдет (ädet)

→ Kyrgyz: адат (adat)

→ Turkmen: adat

→ Urdu: عادت (ādat)

→ Uyghur: ئادەت (adet)

→ Uzbek: odat


مسابقه

مُسابِقِه • (mosâbeqe) (plural مسابقات (mosâbeqât) or مسابقهها (mosâbeqe-hâ))

مُسابِقِه (canonical)
mosâbeqe (romanization)
مسابقات (plural)
مسابقهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَابَقَة (musābaqa).

bor+

مسابقۀ موسیقی


پیچ‌گوشتی

head

پیچگوشتی • (pič-gušti) (plural پیچگوشتیها (pič-gušti-hâ))

پیچگوشتی (canonical)
pič-gušti (romanization)
پیچگوشتیها (plural)


چمدان

چمدان • (čamedân) (plural چمدانها (čamedân-hâ))

[t͡ʃʰä.mä.d̪ɑːn]

[t͡ʃʰä.mä.d̪ɑːn]

[t͡ʃʰä.mä.d̪ɑːn]

[t͡ʃʰä.mä.d̪ɔːn]

Borrowed from Russian чемода́н (čemodán), from Persian جامهدان (jâme-dân, “suitcase”).

bor+

آخ، چمدونمو گم کردهام.


پیچک

head

پیچک • (pičak) (plural پیچکها (pičak-hâ))


ریمل

From French rimmel, ultimately from the name of the inventor of the first mascara product in the 19th century, Eugene Rimmel, and the cosmetics firm founded by him, Rimmel.


بیمه

→ Assamese: বীমা (bima)

→ Bengali: বীমা (bima)

→ Gujarati: વીમો (vīmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बीमा (bīmā)

Urdu: بِیمَہ (bīmā)

→ Marathi: विमा (vimā)

→ Kannada: ವಿಮೆ (vime)

→ Nepali: बीमा (bīmā)

→ Sindhi: वीमो / وِيمو (vīmo)

→ Pashto: بيمه (bimá)

→ Punjabi: ਬੀਮਾ (bīmā)

→ Telugu: బీమా (bīmā)

Probably first used in the aristocratic Persian of the Mughal empire, from at least the 1650s. The word spread from South Asia to the rest of the Persianate world. The first attestation by an author of Iranian origin is apparently from Tohfat al-'âlam (1801), itself a memoir of the author's journeys in India. The word may be from Persian بیم (bim, “fear”). Alternately, given the Indian origin, it may be from an Indo-Aryan language; compare Sanskrit भीम (bhīma, “fearful, frightening”). Both terms are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”).


جنازه

janâze (romanization)
jenâze (romanization)

→ Assamese: জানাজা (zanaza)

→ Bengali: জানাজা (janaja)

→ Gujarati: જનાજો (janājo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जनाज़ा (janāzā)

Urdu: جَنازَہ (janāza)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جنازه (cenaze)
Turkish: cenaze
→ Albanian: xhenaze
→ Crimean Tatar: cenaze
→ Macedonian: џеназа (dženaza)
→ Serbo-Croatian: dženáza / џена́за
→ Ubykh: џанаса (dẑanasa)


گزارش

head

گزارش • (gozâreš) (plural گزارشها (gozâreš-hâ) or گزارشات (gozârešât))

gozâreš (romanization)
گزارشها (plural)
گزارشات (plural)

→ Bengali: গুজারেশ (guzareś)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: गुज़ारिश (guzāriś), गुजारिश (gujāriś), गुजारिस (gujāris) — nuqtaless

Urdu: گُزارِش (guzāriś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (guzāraś), ਗੁਜਾਰਸ਼ (gujāraś) — nuqtaless

Shahmukhi script: گُزارِش (guzāriś)

→ Marwari: गुजारिस (gujāris)

[ɡʊ.zɑː.ɾɪʃ]

[ɡʊ.zɑː.ɾɪʃ]

[ɡʊ.zɑː.ɾɪʃ]

گذارش (gozâreš)

From گزار (gozâr-, present stem of گزاردن (gozârdan, “to announce”)) + ـش (eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گزاردن</i> (gozârdan, “to announce”)

چنین است خواب و گزارش چنین
در این کار شاها سگالش گزین

c. 1111, Ḥakim Iranshān ibn Abū l-Khayr, کوشنامه [Kūsh-Nāma]:

Such is the dream, and the interpretation is such:
Make up your mind in this business, o king.

čunīn ast xwāb u guzāriš čunīn
dar īn kār šāh-ā sigāliš guzīn


پیچ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पेच (pec)

Urdu: پیچ (pec)

پیچی بستن

پیچی باز کردن

پیچ جاده


رگ

From Middle Persian lk' (rag). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian rg (rag), Khotanese [script needed] (rā-) and Old Armenian երակ (erak), an Iranian borrowing.

blood vessel; arteries, capillaries or veins.


تمدن

تَمَدُّن (canonical)
tamaddon (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic تَمَدُّن (tamaddun).


ایمان

head

ایمان • (imân)

fa-noun

ایمان • (imân)

Borrowed from Arabic إِيمَان (ʔīmān, “faith, belief”), verbal noun of آمَنَ (ʔāmana, “to believe”).


نقل

به نقل از چند منابع


هلال

head

هلال • (helâl)

fa-noun

هلال • (helâl)

→ Bengali: হেলাল (helal)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हिलाल (hilāl)

Urdu: ہِلال (hilāl)

→ Punjabi: hilāl

Gurmukhi script: ਹਿਲਾਲ

Shahmukhi script: ہِلال

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: هِلالُ

Devanagari script: हिलाल


قصد

قَصد (canonical)
qasd (romanization)
قَصدها (plural)

او قصد بدی نداشت

خراب کردی و بیمرد خاندان بهیم
مگر کنی پس از این قصد خانه قیصر

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 35”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

You have ruined and made desolate the court of Bhima;
Perhaps after this, you shall aim for the house of Caesar.

xarāb kardī u bēmard xānadān-i bahīm
magar kunī pas az īn qasd-i xāna-yi qaysar

گفت پیغمبر که حق فرموده است
قصد من از خلق احسان بوده است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 2635:

The Prophet has declared that God said,
"My purpose in creating was to do good."

guft payğambar ke haqq farmūda ast
qasd-i man az xalq ihsān būda ast

2021 April 6, “روزنامه آمریکایی: تعجبآور نیست که ایران درباره قصد آمریکا تردید دارد”, in Donya-e-Eqtesad:

It is not astonishing that Iran is hesitant about America's intentions

ta'ajjob-âvar nist ke irân darbâre-ye qasd-e âmrikâ tardid dârad


بار

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

From Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “load, burden; duty; fruit”), from Proto-Iranian *bāra- (“load”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).

der

پربار (por-bâr)

سبکبار (sabok-bâr)

کوله بار (kule-bâr)

بار بستن (bâr bastan)

سربار (sar-bâr)

زیر بار رفتن (zir-e bâr raftan)

بار بر دوش گرفتن (bâr bar duš gereftan, “to take responsibility of a task”)

بار دل (bâr-e del)

باردار (bâr-dâr)

بار دادن (bâr dâdan)

بار آوردن (bâr âvardan)


بار

From Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “time, occasion”).

inh

آدم عاقل از یک سوراخ دو بار گزیده نمی شود. (proverb)

A wise person is not bitten twice through the same hole.

âdam-e 'âqel az yek surâx do bâr gazide ne-mi-šavad.

نود بار آمدم تن برهنه بوک زخمی آیدم.

c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3780”, in The Masnavi:

Ninety times I came [into battle] unarmed, that perchance I might be [mortally] wounded.

navad bâr âmadam tan-berahne bu ke zaxmi âyadam.

(archaic) permission to visit a ruler, king, etc.

(archaic) curtain at the door of a pavilion


بار

From Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “bank, shore”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce”)


بار

From باری (bâri), a borrowing from Arabic بَارِئ (bāriʔ).

بارخدایا!

بارالها!


بار

Borrowed from French bar, from Ancient Greek βᾰ́ρος (báros).


بار

bar (an establishment where alcohol is served)


صلح

مذاکرات صلح

.یک شانس به صلح بدهید

صلحی که همه صلحها را بر باد داد
solhi ke hame-ye solh-hâ râ bar bâd dâd
the peace that ended all peace
(Persian translation of the title of the book A Peace to End All Peace)

بر صلح و جنگ اهل جهان اعتماد نیست
چون صلح می کنند مهیای جنگ باش

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 5040”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The people of this world put no stock in war and peace;
When they make peace with you, be prepared for war.

bar sulh u jang ahl-i jahān i'timād nēst
čūn sulh mē-kunand muhayyā-yi jang bāš

بیا که نوبت صلح است و دوستی و عنایت
به شرط آن که نگوییم از آن چه رفت حکایت

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Ghazal 152”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

Come, for it's the time for making up and love and favor:
Under the condition that we do not speak of what has gone before.

biyā ki nawbat-i sulh ast u dōstī u ināyat
ba šart-i ān ki na-gūyēm az ān či raft hikāyat


عزر

explaining matters and duties of religion


قس

Compare Northern Kurdish quz (“pussy”) and Persian کس (kos, “pussy”).

(dialectal, vulgar, slang) pussy, cunt, fanny


پسرک

head

پسرک • (pesarak) (plural پسرکان (pesarakân) or پسرکها (pesarak-hâ))

pesarak (romanization)
پسرکان (plural)
پسرکها (plural)


قر

Davud Monshizadeh
Francis Joseph Steingass

Francis Joseph Steingass speculates that it is from Arabic قِرْد (qird, “monkey, ape”). His nineteenth-century dictionary gives "monkey" as the only noun definition while marking قر دادن (qer dâdan) as a "modern colloquial" verb for "to coquette about, sway the body as in a dance", so perhaps the verb emerged first with a literal meaning of "to give the monkey", and the current meaning of the noun is a backformation from the verb.
Monši-Zâde instead suspects a connection with گرد (gerd, “circular”), and also a play on a form of غربال (ğarbâl, “searce”) due to the fashion a sieve is worked.

(informal) twerk, twerking; gyrating one's hips (used for both men and women)

(figurative, informal) flirting; coquetry


میهن

From Middle Persian myhn' (mēhan, “home”), from Proto-Iranian [Term?]. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬀 (maēθana, “station, dwelling, abode, residence”), Baluchi میتگ (mētag, “village, home”).


گیتی

[ɡʲiː.t̪ʰíː]

From Middle Persian gytyḵ (gētīg, “the material world; worldly”).


گاوها

head

گاوها • (gâv-hâ)


کاغذها

کاغذها • (kâğaz-hâ)

کاغذ کاغذ#Persian


گیاهان

گیاهان • (giyâhân)

گیاه گیاه#Persian


ویژگی‌ها

ویژگیها • (vižegi-hâ)

ویژگیها (canonical)
vižegi-hâ (romanization)

/viːʒeɡiːˈhɒː/

ویژگی ویژگی#Persian


تره‌فرنگی

ترهفرنگی (canonical)
tare-farangi (romanization)


شهسوار

شهسوار • (šahsavâr)

fa-noun

شهسوار • (šahsavâr)

[ʃäɦ.sä.wɑːɾ]

[ʃäɦ.sä.wɑːɾ]

[ʃɑː.sä.wɑːɾ]

[ʃɔː.sä.wɔːɾ]

[ʃæɦ.sæ.vɒːɹ]

[ʃäɦ.sä.vɔɾ]


ویژگی

head

ویژِگی • (vižegi) (plural ویژِگیها)

fa-noun

ویژِگی • (vižegi) (plural ویژِگیها)

ویژِگی (canonical)
vižegi (romanization)
ویژِگیها (plural)

[wiː.ʒä.ɡíː]

[wiː.ʒä.ɡíː]

[wiː.ʒä.ɡíː]

[viː.ʒæ.ɡʲíː]

specialness, uniqueness, the state of being special


رفع

رفع حجاب

رفع بو

رفع اشتباه

رفع اختلاف

رفع گرسنگی

خدمت او نعمت و دفع بلاست
طاعت او راحت و رفع محن

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 164”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

His service is grace, and the driving away of affliction;
His righteousness is calm, and the remedy to calamities.

xidmat-i ō ni'mat u daf'-i balā-st
tā'at-i ō rāhat u raf'-i mihan


لذت

Iranian Persian: لِذَّت (lezzat)

Tajik: лаззат (lazzat)

→ Bashkir: ләззәт (ləzzət)

→ Kazakh: ләззат (läzzat)

→ Tatar: ләззәт (läzzät)

→ Turkmen: lezzet

→ Uyghur: لەززەت (lezzet)

→ Uzbek: lazzat


اسطوره

head

اسطوره • (osture) (plural اساطیر (asâtir) or اسطورهها (osture-hâ))

osture (romanization)
اساطیر (plural)
اسطورهها (plural)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰuː.ɾǽ]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰuː.ɾǽ]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰuː.ɾǽ]

Borrowed from Arabic أُسْطُورَة (ʔusṭūra, “fable, myth”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry, examination”).

bor

قفل اسطورهٔ ارسطو را
بر در احسن الملل منهید

late 1100s, Khāqānī, “Qaṣīda 97”, in دیوان خاقانی:

Do not put the padlock of Aristotle's myths on the door of the best of nations.

qufl-i ustūra-yi arastū rā
bar dar-i ahsanu-l-milal ma-nihēd


اساطیر

head

اساطیر • (asâtir)

bor

Arabic أَسَاطِير (ʔasāṭīr)

اسطوره اسطوره#Persian


معجزه

head

معجزه • (mo'jeze) (plural معجزات (mo'jezât) or معجزهها (mo'jeze-hâ))

mo'jeze (romanization)
معجزات (plural)
معجزهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعْجِزَة (muʕjiza).

bor+

هم شکوفهٔ دل و هم میوهٔ جان
بوالعجبوار بهارا که تویی
اژدها زلفی و جادو مژگان
کافرا معجزه دارا که تویی

c. 1180, Khāqānī, “Ghazal 343”, in دیوان خاقانی:

Both blossom for the heart and fruit for the soul,
O what a wondrous springtime you are!
Serpentine locks and bewitching eyelashes,
O what a miracle-possessing infidel you are!

ham šukufa-yi dil u ham mēwa-yi jān
bū-l-'ajab-vār bahār-ā ki tu-yī
aždahā zulfī u jādū mužagān
kāfir-ā mu'jiza dārā ki tu-yī


پیغمبر

head

پیغمبر • (peyğambar) (plural پیغمبران (peyğambarân) or پیغمبرها (peyğambar-hâ))

peyğambar (romanization)
پیغمبران (plural)
پیغمبرها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: peyğəmbər

desc

→ Bashkir: пәйғәмбәр (pəyğəmbər), бәйғәмбәр (bəyğəmbər)

→ Bengali: পয়গম্বর (poẏogombor)

→ Gujarati: પેગંબર (pegambar), પયગંબર (payagambar), પૈગંબર (paigambar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पैग़म्बर (paiġambar)

Urdu: پیغمبر (paigambar)

→ Kazakh: пайғамбар (paiğambar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیغامبر (peygamber), پیغمبر (peygamber)
Turkish: peygamber
→ Albanian: pejgamber
→ Adyghe: бегъымбар (beğəmbar)
→ Kabardian: бегъымбар (beğəmbar)
→ Serbo-Croatian: pejgamber

→ Uyghur: پەيغەمبەر (peyghember)

→ Uzbek: paygʻambar

desc

→ Old Punjabi: ਪਿਕਾਂਬਰ (pikāmbara), ਪਿਕੰਬਰ (pikambara)

From earlier پیغامبر (payğāmbar), from Middle Persian pgtʾmbl (payğāmbar, “messenger, apostle”).

inh

پیامبر پیامبر#Persian

(formal or dated) Alternative form of پیامبر (payâmbar, “prophet”)


راحت

head

راحت • (râhat)

fa-noun

راحت • (râhat)


خسیس

head

خسیس • (xasis) (plural خسیسها (xasis-hâ) or خسیسان (xasisân))

xasis (romanization)
خسیسها (plural)
خسیسان (plural)


کانال

کانال • (kânâl) (plural کانالها (kânâl-hâ))

[kʰɒː.nɒːl̥]

canal (waterway used for transportation of vessels)

کانال مانش


سپیده

سپیده • (sepide) (plural سپیدهها (sepide-hâ))

سپیدهٔ صبح


آب‌راه

آبراه • (âb-râh) (plural آبراهها (âb-râh-hâ))

آبراه (canonical)
âb-râh (romanization)
آبراهها (plural)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɾɑːh]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɒːb.ɹɒ́ːʰ]


اسلام‌گرایان

اسلامگرایان • (eslâm-garâyân)

اسلامگرایان (canonical)
eslâm-garâyân (romanization)

اسلامگرا اسلامگرا#Persian

plural of اسلامگرا


اسلام‌گرایی

اسلامگرایی • (eslâm-garâyi)

اسلامگرایی (canonical)
eslâm-garâyi (romanization)

fa:اسلام‌گرایی


مستضعفان

مستضعف مستضعف#Persian

the oppressed, the poor and needy; plural of مستضعف


جانبازان

جانبازان • (jânbâzân)

fa-noun

جانبازان • (jânbâzân)

جانباز جانباز#Persian

disabled war veterans of the Iran-Iraq War; plural of جانباز


داستان‌ها

head

داستانها • (dâstân-hâ)

داستانها (canonical)
dâstân-hâ (romanization)

داستان داستان#Persian


شهردار

شهردار • (šahrdâr) (plural شهردارها (šahrdâr-hâ) or شهرداران (šahrdârân))

šahrdâr (romanization)
شهردارها (plural)
شهرداران (plural)

[ʃahɾ.ˈdɑːɾ]

[ʃäɦɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʃäɦɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʃɑːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[ʃɔːɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[ʃæɦɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

[ʃäɦɾ.d̪ɔ́ɾ]

A compound of شهر (šahr) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


لوت

Borrowed from Urdu لُوٹ (lūṭ) / Hindi लूट (lūṭ)


اسلام‌گرا

اِسلامگَرایان

اِسلامگَراها

اِسلامگَرا • (eslâm-garâ) (plural اِسلامگَرایان or اِسلامگَراها)

fa-noun

اِسلامگَرایان

اِسلامگَراها

اِسلامگَرا (canonical)
eslâm-garâ (romanization)
اِسلامگَرایان (plural)
اِسلامگَراها (plural)

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔes.lɒːm.ɡʲæ.ɹɒː]

af

اِسلام (eslâm) + ـگَرا (-garâ)


بربط

head

بربط • (barbat) (plural بربطها (barbat-hâ))

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (blbwt' /barbut/, “lyre”), from Ancient Greek βάρβιτος (bárbitos).

inh+

از درس و بحث و مدرسه شد خاطرم ملول
مطرب بیار بربط و چنگ و رباب را

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

I am fed up with classes and discussions and schools;
Singer, bring the barbat and the harp and the rubab.

az dars o bahs o madrese šod xâter-am malul
motrab biyâr barbat o čang o robâb râ


جانباز

head

جانباز • (jânbâz) (plural جانبازان (jânbâzân) or جانبازها (jânbâz-hâ))

jânbâz (romanization)
جانبازان (plural)
جانبازها (plural)

→ Arabic: جُمْبَاز (jumbāz)

→ Georgian: ჯამბაზი (ǯambazi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جانباز (cambaz)

→ Turkish: cambaz

desc

→ Armenian: ջամբազ (ǰambaz), ճամպազ (čampaz)

→ Urdu: جانباز (jānbāz)

→ Swahili: jambazi

(literally) one who would offer up their life


جوجه

→ Azerbaijani: cücə

→ Khalaj: cûca, cûcə

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جوجه (cüce)
Turkish: cüce
→ Albanian: xhuxh
→ Armenian: ճիւճէ (čiwčē), ջուջա (ǰuǰa)
→ Bulgarian: джудже́ (džudžé)
→ Georgian: ჯუჯა (ǯuǯa)
→ Macedonian: џуџе (džudže)

→ Punjabi: cūcā

Gurmukhi script: ਚੂਚਾ

Shahmukhi script: چوچہ

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒé]

Probably from Sogdian [script needed] (cwzʾkk /čužăk/, “chick”). Compare the related Turkish civciv (“chick”), which could be imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

چوچه پاندا (Dari)


آسمان‌خراش

head

آسمانخراش • (âsmân-xarâš) (plural آسمانخراشها)

آسمانخراش (canonical)
âsmân-xarâš (romanization)
آسمانخراشها (plural)

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɔːs.mɔːn.xä.ɾɔːʃ]

[ʔɒːs.mɒːn.xæ.ɹɒːʃ]

[ʔɔs.mɔn.χä.ɾɔʃ]

From آسمان (âsmân, “sky”) + خراش (xarâš).

af

آسمان (âsmân, “sky”) + خراش (xarâš)


چانه

head

چانه • (čâne)

fa-noun

چانه • (čâne)

→ Khalaj: çâna

From Proto-Iranian *jánukah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰánuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw, cheek”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬎 (zānu), Sanskrit हनु (hánu), Armenian ծնոտ (cnot), Latin gena, Tocharian A śanwem, Welsh gen, Dutch kin, English chin, German Kinn.


شپش

From Middle Persian 𐭮𐭯𐭩𐭱 (spiš, “louse”), from Proto-Iranian *cwíšah.


جاده

head

جاده • (jâdde) (plural جادهها (jâdde-hâ))

[d͡ʒɑːð.ˈda]

[d͡ʒɒːd̪.d̪é]

چو پای از جاده بیرون شد چه نفع از رفتن راهم
چو کار از دست بیرون شد چه سود از دادن پندم

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Ghazal 376”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

When the feet have left the thoroughfare, what point is there for me to go on the way?
When the state of things has left one's hand, what point is there for me to give advice?

čū pāy az jādda bērōn šud či naf' az raftan-i rāh-am
čū kār az dast bērōn šud či sūd az dādan-i pand-am

من دلم تنگه واسه یه دلخوشی کوچیک
واسه یه همسفر ساده که باهاش
بزنم پر کنم این جاده رو با موزیک

2021, Amir Tataloo (lyrics and music), “من باهات قهرم”:

I miss a little pleasure
A simple companion who
I can head off with and fill this road with music

man del-am tang-e vâse ye delxoši-ye kučik
vâs-e ye hamsafar-e sâde ke bâhâš
bezanam por konam in jâde ro bâ muzik

road (between towns or areas); thoroughfare


باقلا

باقلا • (bâqelâ)

fa-noun

باقلا • (bâqelâ)

From Arabic بَاقِلّاء (bāqillāʔ, “broad bean (Vicia faba)”), from Aramaic בקילא (“broad bean (Vicia faba)”).

der

نیام باقلا


مدیر

head

مُدیر • (modir) (plural مدیران (modirân) or مدیرها (modir-hâ))

مُدیر (canonical)
modir (romanization)
مدیران (plural)
مدیرها (plural)


پهلوان

پهلوان • (pahlevân) (plural پهلوانها (pahlevân-hâ) or پهلوانان (pahlevânân))

pahlevân (romanization)
پهلوانها (plural)
پهلوانان (plural)

→ Arabic: بَهْلَوَان (bahlawān)

→ Bengali: পালোয়ান (palowan)

→ Armenian: փահլեւան (pʻahlewan)

→ Azerbaijani: pəhləvan

→ Georgian: ფალავანი (palavani)

→ Gujarati: પહલવાન (pahalvān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पहलवान (pahalvān)

Urdu: پہلوان (pahlvan)

desc

→ Kazakh: палуан (paluan), балуан (baluan)

→ Malay: pahlawan

→ Indonesian: pahlawan

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پهلوان (pehlevân, pehlivân)
Turkish: pehlivan
→ Albanian: pehlivan
→ Armenian: փէյլիվան (pʻēylivan), փա̈յլիվան (pʻäylivan), փէհլիվան (pʻēhlivan)
→ Bulgarian: пехливан (pehlivan)
→ English: pehlivan
→ Macedonian: пеливан (pelivan)
→ Greek: πεχλιβάνης (pechlivánis)
→ Romanian: pehlivan
→ Serbo-Croatian: pehlìvān／пехлѝва̄н

→ Uzbek: pahlavon

Ultimately from the name of the Parthians. Compare پهلو (pahlav), پهلوی (pahlavi).


ارتفاع

head

ارتفاع • (ertefâ') (plural ارتفاعات (ertefâ'ât))

ertefâ' (romanization)
ارتفاعات (plural)

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ː]

[ʔeɹ.t̪ʰe.fɒ́ːʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِرْتِفَاع (irtifāʕ).


بنگاه

head

بُنْگاه • (bongâh)

fa-noun

بُنْگاه • (bongâh)

بُنْگاه (canonical)
bongâh (romanization)


پیشی

head

پیشی • (piši)

fa-noun

پیشی • (piši)


رودخانه

head

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

fa-noun

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

رودْخانِه (canonical)
rudxâne (romanization)

[ɾɵd̪.χɔ.nǽ]

From رود (rud, “river”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).

compound

آب رودخانه

جزیره در رودخانه


ماهیچه

head

ماهیچه • (mâhiče) (plural ماهیچهها (mâhiče-hâ))

[mɑː.ɦiː.t͡ʃʰä]

[mɑː.ɦiː.t͡ʃʰä]

From ماهی (mâhi, “fish”) + ـچه (če, “diminutive suffix”), literally “little fish”. Compare Central Kurdish ماسوولکە (masûlke).
Compare typologically Latin musculus (“muscle”, literally “little mouse”) (whence English muscle).


عضله

head

عضله • ('azole) (plural عضلات ('azolât) or عضلهها ('azole-hâ))

'azole (romanization)
عضلات (plural)
عضلهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic عَضَلَة (ʕaḍala, “muscle”).


طرفدار

head

طَرَفدار • (tarafdâr) (plural طَرَفداران (tarafdârân))

طَرَفدار (canonical)
tarafdâr (romanization)
طَرَفداران (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: tərəfdar

→ Chagatai: طرفدار

Uyghur: تەرەپدار (terepdar)

Uzbek: tarafdor

→ Gujarati: તરફદાર (taraphdār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तरफ़दार (tarafdār)

Urdu: طرف دار (taraf dār)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرفدار

Turkish: taraftar

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਰਫਦਾਰ (taraphdār)

Shahmukhi script: طرف دار (taraf dār)

→ Turkmen: tarapdar

[t̪ʰä.ɾäf.d̪ɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾäf.d̪ɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾäv.d̪ɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾäv.d̪ɔːɾ]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹæf.d̪ɒːɹ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾäf.d̪ɔɾ]

طرفدار آمریکا


اکثریت

اکثریت • (aksariyyat) (plural اکثریتها (aksariyyat-hâ))

aksariyyat (romanization)
اکثریتها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic أَكْثَرِيَّة (ʔakṯariyya).

bor+

أَكْثَرِيَّة

اکثریت ایرانیان مسلمان هستند. (more literary)
aksariyyat-e irâniyân musulmân hastand

اکثریت ایرانیان مسلمانند. (more colloquial)


شغال

head

šağâl, šoğâl

šağâl, šoğâl-hâ

شغال • (šağâl, šoğâl) (plural شغالها (šağâl, šoğâl-hâ))

fa-noun

šağâl, šoğâl

šağâl (romanization)
šoğâl (romanization)
شغالها (plural)

→ Kazakh: шағал (şağal)

→ Pashto: شغال (šaǧâl)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چقال (çakal) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: şagal

→ Uzbek: shaqal

From earlier شگال (šagâl), from Middle Persian 𐬱𐬖𐬀𐬮 (šγal /šaγāl/), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).


جمع

Borrowed from Arabic جَمْع (jamʕ), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).


برزگاو

barzgâv (romanization)
barzagâv (romanization)

ورزا ورزا#Persian


فنر

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فنار (fenar), from Arabic فَنَار (fanār), from Ancient Greek φανάριον (phanárion).


فنر

spring (device made of flexible material)


ماژیک

head

ماژیک • (mâžik)

fa-noun

ماژیک • (mâžik)


خواجه

head

خواجه • (xâje) (plural خواجهها (xâje-hâ) or خواجگان (xâjegân))

xâje (romanization)
خواجهها (plural)
خواجگان (plural)

Tajik: хоҷа (xoja) / خواجه

→ Arabic: خَوَاجَة (ḵawāja)

→ English: howadji

→ Bengali: খোজা (khōja)

→ Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā)

→ English: Khoja

→ Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)

→ Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)

→ Malay: khoja

Indonesian: khoja

→ Malayalam: കോയ (kōya)

→ Punjabi: ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā) / خوجہ (xojā)

→ Sindhi: خوجه

→ Turkmen: Hoja

→ Uyghur: خوجا (xoja)

→ Mandarin: 獲嘉／获嘉 (huòjiā)

→ Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja

→ Azerbaijani: xoca

→ Bashkir: хужа (xuja)

→ Bengali: খাজা (khaja)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़्वाजा (xvājā)

Urdu: خواجہ (xājā, xvājā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā)

Shahmukhi script: خواجہ (xvājā)

→ Sindhi: خواجه

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خواجه (hâce, hoca), խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: hoca
→ English: hodja
→ French: hodja
→ German: Hodscha
→ Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
→ Portuguese: hodja
→ Ubykh: [Term?] (/χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ/)
→ Albanian: hoxhë
→ Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
→ Hungarian: hodzsa
→ Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
→ Romanian: hoge
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: хоџа
Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić
→ Slovak: hodža

Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries. Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک (xwʾjyk /xwājīk/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).

cog

(archaic) a polite form of address of a man, mister

11th century, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
چون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرمُت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.
When Hasanak came in, Khwaja [Ahmad] stood up. Since he performed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – stood up. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his anger. He stood up, but not completely, and was grumbling to himself. [Khwaja] Ahmad said to him: "In all tasks, you perform incompletely." He [Zawzani] became extremely angered.


آزادی بیان

head

آزادی بیان • (âzâdi-ye bayân)

fa-noun

آزادی بیان • (âzâdi-ye bayân)


آلش

head

آلش • (âlaš)

fa-noun

آلش • (âlaš)


ممرز

Borrowed from Mazanderani [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérHǵos.


بنیان‌گذار

head

بنیانگذار • (bonyân-gozâr) (plural بنیانگذاران (bonyân-gozârân))

بنیانگذار (canonical)
bonyân-gozâr (romanization)
بنیانگذاران (plural)


ترانه

ترانه • (tarâne) (plural ترانهها (tarâne-hâ))

→ Bengali: তরানা (torana)

→ Gujarati: તરાનો (tarāno)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तराना (tarānā)

Urdu: ترانہ (tarāna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترانه (terane)

Turkish: terane

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹɒː.né]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔ.nǽ]

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”), as songs pass through air. Compare Northern Kurdish terrane (“joke, fun”), following a different route of sense development.


فارس

Borrowed from Arabic فَارِس (fāris), from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭥𐭮𐭩 (Pārs), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

همه ایرانیها فارس نیستند.

پزشکیان گفته که من یک ترک هستم نه فارس. من متولد آذربایجان جنوبی هستم و مادر و پدرم هر دو ترک هستند. من به این افتخار میکنم.

2024 June 23, “مسعود پزشکیان در هر فرصتی بر تُرک بودن خود تأکید میکند”, in fararu.com, Fararu:

Pezeshkian has said, "I am a Turk and not a Persian. I was born in South Azerbaijan and both my mother and father are Turks. I am proud of this."

pezeškiyân gofte ke man yek tork hastam na fârs. man motavalled-e âzarbâyjân-e jonubi hastam va mâdar o pedaram har do tork hastand. man be in eftexâr mi-konam.


فارس

head

فارس • (fâres)

fa-noun

فارس • (fâres)


پیازچه

head

پیازچه • (piyâzče)

fa-noun

پیازچه • (piyâzče)

From پیاز + ـچه.


تئاتر

head

تِئاتَر or تِئاتْر • (te'âtar or te'âtr) (plural تئاترها (te'âtar-hâ))

تِئاتَر (canonical)
تِئاتْر (canonical)
te'âtar (romanization)
te'âtr (romanization)
تئاترها (plural)

[t̪ʰe.ʔɒː.t̪ʰæɹ]

[t̪ʰe.ʔɒːt̪ɹ]


اسلحه

اَسْلَحِه or اَسْلِحِه • (aslahe or aslehe)

اَسْلَحِه (canonical)
اَسْلِحِه (canonical)
aslahe (romanization)
aslehe (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic أَسْلِحَة (ʔasliḥa).

bor+

اسلحه گرم
اسلحه گرم#Persian

firearm, gun; short for اسلحه گرم (aslahe-ye garm).

سِلاح سلاح#Persian


هدیه

→ Bengali: হাদিয়া (hadiẏa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हदिया (hadiyā)

Urdu: ہدیہ (hadiyah)

→ Pashto: هديه (hadyá)

Borrowed from Arabic هَدِيَّة (hadiyya).

هدیه تولد

این کتاب برای هدیه به تو داده شد.

گفت این هدیه بدان سلطان برید، سایل شه را ز حاجت واخرید.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2816:

"Bear this gift," said he, "to the Sultan; redeem the King's suitor from indigence."

goft in hadiye bedân soltân barid, sâil-e shah-râ ze hâjat vâxarid.


نفرین

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npryn /nifrīn/), ultimately from a negated form of Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to love, to please”) and related to آفرین (âfarin, “acclamation, bravo”).

der

نهاد آن سرش پست بر خاک بر
همی خواند نفرین به ضحاک بر
همی آفرین خواند بر کردگار
 بر آن شادمان گردش روزگار

1010, Abu'l-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, “Fereydun”, in Dick Davis, transl., Shâhnâme [Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings], Penguin Books, published 1997:

She bowed her head down to the ground, cursing Zahhak and praising God who had brought about such a happy turn of events.

nahâd ân sar-aš past bar xâk bar
hami xând nefrin be zahhâk bar
hami âfarin xând bar kardegâr
bar ân šâdmân gardeš-e ruzgâr


چرت و پرت

[t͡ʃʰæɾt̪ʰoˈpʰæɾt̪]

[t͡ʃʰeɾt̪ʰoˈpʰeɾt̪]

A common variant of ترت و پرت (tart-o-part), perhaps from an Eastern Persian dialect.


گذرنامه

head

گذرنامه • (gozarnâme) (plural گذرنامهها (gozarnâme-hâ))

gozarnâme (romanization)
گذرنامهها (plural)

desc

→ Urdu: گزر نامہ (guzar-nāma, “passport”)


جریمه

head

جریمه • (jarime) (plural جریمهها (jarime-hâ) or جرائم (jarâ'em))

jarime (romanization)
جریمهها (plural)
جرائم (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic جَرِيمَة (jarīma, “crime”).

bor+

جریمۀ سنگینی


بی‌خوابی

head

بیخوابی • (bi-xâbi)

fa-noun

بیخوابی • (bi-xâbi)

بیخوابی (canonical)
bi-xâbi (romanization)

From Classical Persian بیخواب (bē-xwāb, “sleepless”) + ـی (ī, “noun forming suffix”).


مزد

From Middle Persian [script needed] (myzd /mizd/), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *miždám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *miždʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós. Cognate with Talysh مژد (məžd), Ossetian мызд (myzd), Avestan 𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀 (mīžda), and further with Ancient Greek μισθός (misthós), German Miete.

inh

چیست مزد کار من دیدار یار
گر چه خود بو بکر بخشد چل هزار

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 576:

What are the wages for my work? The sight of the Friend (God),
even though Abú Bakr give me forty thousand (dirhems).

čīst muzd-i kār-i man dīdār-i yār
gar či xwad Bū Bakr baxšad čil hazār


راز

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਜ਼ (rāz)

Shahmukhi script: راز (rāz)

From Middle Persian lʾc (rāz, “secret, mystery”), from Old Persian *𐎼𐎠𐏀 (*rāza-), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *raȷ́ʰ- (“secret, mystery; to abandon”). Related to رستن (rastan, “set free, leave, escape”), and رها (rahâ, “free, liberated”).
Cognates with Parthian 𐫡𐫀𐫉 (rʾz /rāz/), and Sanskrit रहस्य (rahasya, “secret, mystery, clandestine”).
Also compare Old Armenian երազ (eraz), Imperial Aramaic 𐡀𐡓𐡆𐡀 (ʾrzʾ, “mystery”), Hebrew רָז (rāz), Classical Syriac ܐܪܙܐ (ʾərāzā), Iranian borrowings.


راز

head

راز • (râz) (plural رازها (râz-hâ) or رازان (râzân))

râz (romanization)
رازها (plural)
رازان (plural)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ćš.


رویا

rōyā／rowyâ (romanization)
رویاها (plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

رؤیا رؤیا#Persian


کاسه

Tajik: коса (kosa), косаи (kosa-yi)

→ Armenian: քասա (kʻasa)

→ Azerbaijani: kasa

→ Bashkir: каса (kasa)

→ Kazakh: кесе (kese)

→ Northern Kurdish: kas, kase

→ Kyrgyz: кесе (kese)

→ Tatar: кәсә (käsä)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كاسه (kâse)

Ladino: kyase

Turkish: kâse

Serbo-Croatian: ћаса / ćasa

→ Turkmen: käse

→ Uyghur: كاسا (kasa)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (*kʾsk' /kāsag/) (compare Baluchi کاسگ (kāsag, “bowl”)), possibly from Old Persian 𐎣𐎠𐎿𐎣 (kāsaka, “semi-precious stone, glass”), or perhaps related to Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “pot, cask, cup”). Likely not related to Sanskrit काच (kāca, “glass”).


گل فروش

گلفروش گلفروش#Persian


فلسطینیان

فلسطینی فلسطینی#Persian


سربازان

head

سربازان • (sarbâzân)

سرباز سرباز#Persian


بمباران‌ها

بمبارانها • (bombârân-hâ)

بمبارانها (canonical)
bombârân-hâ (romanization)

بمباران بمباران#Persian


تاریخدانان

تاریخدانان • (târixdânân)

تاریخدان تاریخدان#Persian

plural of تاریخدان


نژادپرستی

fa:نژادپرستی


گل‌فروش

گلفروش (canonical)
gol-foruš (romanization)


وزیر خارجه

→ Hindustani:

desc

वज़ीर-ए-ख़ारजा

Hindi: वज़ीर-ए-ख़ारजा (vazīr-e-xārjā)

Urdu: وزیر خارجہ (vazīr-e-xārja)

fa:وزیر خارجه


گل‌فروشی

گلفروشی (canonical)
gol-foruši (romanization)


پادکست

head

پادکست • (pâdkast)

fa-noun

پادکست • (pâdkast)


شمشیربازی

head

شمشیربازی • (šamširbâzi)

fa-noun

شمشیربازی • (šamširbâzi)

fa:شمشیربازی


راکت

head

راکِت • (râket) (plural راکتها (râket-hâ))

راکِت (canonical)
râket (romanization)
راکتها (plural)

[rɑː.kʰɪ́t̪]

[ɹɒː.kʰʲét̪]


هفت‌سین

هفتسین (canonical)
haft-sin (romanization)

[ʔɑːft̪ síːn]

Haft Sin, or the Seven S's; the seven items beginning with the letter sin س which are symbolically arranged on a sofreh or table-cloth in the days running up to Nowruz (the Persian New Year).


نژادپرست

نِژادپَرَستان

نِژادپَرَستها

نژادپرست • (nežâd-parast) (plural نِژادپَرَستان or نِژادپَرَستها)

fa-noun

نِژادپَرَستان

نِژادپَرَستها

nežâd-parast (romanization)
نِژادپَرَستان (plural)
نِژادپَرَستها (plural)

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.pʰä.ɾäst̪]

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.pʰä.ɾäst̪]

[nɪ.ʒɑːd̪.pʰä.ɾäst̪]

From نِژاد (nežâd, “race”) + ـپَرَست (-parast, “-ist”).


سرنوشت

From سر (sar, “head”) + نوشت (nevešt, “something written”, past stem of نوشتن (neveštan, “to write”)).
Compare Turkish alın yazısı (“destiny; fate”, literally “writing on forehead”), Old Armenian ճակատագիր (čakatagir, “destiny; fate”, literally “writing on forehead”), Central Kurdish چارەنووس (çarenûs, “destiny; fate”, literally “writing on forehead”).

past stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">نوشتن</i> (neveštan, “to write”)

ncog

تاکنون از سرنوشتاش آگاهی ندارند.

tâ-konun az sarnevešt--aš âgâhi na-dârand.


تاریخدان

head

تاریخدان • (târixdân) (plural تاریخدانان (târixdânân))

târixdân (romanization)
تاریخدانان (plural)
تاریخدان (singular)
târixdân (singular)
تاریخدانان (plural)
târixdânấn (plural)
تاریخدانا (colloquial plural)
târixdânấ (plural)
تاریخدان را (definite direct-object singular)
târixdân râ (definite direct-object singular)
تاریخدان رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
târixdâno (definite direct-object singular)
تاریخدانان را (definite direct-object plural)
târixdânấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
تاریخدانا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
târixdânấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
تاریخدان (ezafe singular)
târixdân-e (ezafe singular)
تاریخدانان (ezafe plural)
târixdânấn-e (ezafe plural)
تاریخدانای (colloquial ezafe plural)
târixdânấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تاریخدانی (definite relative singular)
تاریخدانی (indefinite singular stressed)
târixdân-i (definite relative singular)
târixdân-i (indefinite singular stressed)
تاریخدانانی (definite plural relative)
تاریخدانانی (indefinite plural stressed)
târixdânấn-i (definite plural relative)
târixdânấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
تاریخدانایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
تاریخدانایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
târixdânấi (definite plural relative)
târixdânấi (indefinite plural stressed)
تاریخدانم (first-person predicative singular)
târixdânam (first-person predicative singular)
تاریخدانیم (first-person plural predicative)
târixdânim (first-person plural predicative)
تاریخدانی (predicative second-person singular)
târixdâni (predicative second-person singular)
تاریخدانید (plural predicative second-person)
târixdânid (plural predicative second-person)
تاریخدانین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
târixdânin (plural predicative second-person)
تاریخدان است (predicative singular third-person)
târixdân ast (predicative singular third-person)
تاریخدانه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
târixdâne (predicative singular third-person)
تاریخدانند (plural predicative third-person)
târixdânand (plural predicative third-person)
تاریخدانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
târixdânan (plural predicative third-person)

[t̪ʰɒːɾiːxˈd̪ɒːn]

[t̪ʰɒːɾiːxˈd̪ɒn]


پاسخ

پاسُخ • (pâsox) (plural پاسُخها (pâsox-hâ))

پاسُخ (canonical)
pâsox (romanization)
پاسُخها (plural)

desctree

→ Georgian: პასუხი (ṗasuxi)
→ Bats: პასუხ (ṗasux)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pshw' /passox/), [script needed] (pʾshw' /pāsox/), 𐫛𐫘𐫇𐫟 (pswx /passox/), from Proto-Iranian *paticahwaH, derived from Proto-Iranian *cánhati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens-. Cognate to Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati), Latin cēnseō.

inh

گر مراقب باشی و بیدار تو، بینی هر دم پاسخ کردار تو

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2460:

If thou wilt be observant and vigilant, thou wilt see at every moment the response to thy action.

gar morâqeb bâši va bidâr to, bini har dam pâsox-e kardâr to.


آتش‌بس

head

آتشبس • (âtaš-bas) (plural آتشبسها (âtaš-bas-hâ))

آتشبس (canonical)
âtaš-bas (romanization)
آتشبسها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.bäs]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.bæs]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.bäs]

[ʔɒːtʰæʃˈbæs]

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + بس (bas, “enough; stop”), probably a calque of French cessez-le-feu or some other European language.


صلیب

Borrowed from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb). Doublet of چلیپا (čalipâ).


ارتش

head

اَرْتِش • (arteš)

fa-noun

اَرْتِش • (arteš)

اَرْتِش (canonical)
arteš (romanization)

→ Northern Kurdish: artêş

→ Azerbaijani: ərteş

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

A false back-formation introduced during the Reza Shah regime's Persianization program, from ارتشدار (artešdâr, “soldier”). Erroneously analyzed as a compound word made from two parts with the latter component as ـدار (-dâr, “haver”), the solecism was nonetheless officially approved.
Displaced Turkic قشون (qošun) and اردو (ordu) in Iranian Persian.


شرق

head

شرق • (šarq)

fa-noun

شرق • (šarq)


اهانت

head

اهانت • (ehânat)

fa-noun

اهانت • (ehânat)

→ Bengali: ইহানত (ihanot)

[ʔe̞.ɦɑː.nät̪]

[ʔe̞.ɦɑː.nät̪]


الف

head

اَلِف • (alef)

fa-noun

اَلِف • (alef)

ما کهایم اندر جهان پیچ پیچ
چون الف او خود چه دارد هیچ هیچ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 1514:

Who are we? In this tangled world
What [thing other than He] indeed hath He [who is single] like alif? Nothing, nothing.

mâ ke-im andar jahân-e pič-pič
 čun alef u xod če dârad hič hič

alif (the letter ا, the first letter of the Persian and Arabic abjads)

نیست بر لوحِ دلم جز الفِ قامتِ دوست
چه کنم حرفِ دگر یاد نداد استادم

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 317”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

The tablet of my heart has nothing [written] on it but the alif of my love's figure
What can I do? My master taught me no other letter.

-nêst bar lawh-i dil-am juz alif-i qâmat-i dôst
či kunam harf-i digar yâd na-dâd ustâd-am

(figurative) something erect and tall like the letter ا


شیر آب

head

شیر آب • (šêr-e âb)


کمانچه

کمانچه • (kamânče) (plural کمانچهها (kamânče-hâ))

kamânče (romanization)
کمانچهها (plural)

→ Arabic: كَمَنْجَة (kamanja)

→ Armenian: քամանչա (kʻamančʻa)

→ Azerbaijani: kamança

→ Georgian: ქამანჩა (kamanča)

→ Gujarati: કમાનચા (kamāncā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمانچه (kemençe)

Turkish: kemençe

→ Macedonian: кемане (kemane)

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɔːn.t͡ʃʰä]

From کمان (kamân, “arc”) + ـچه (-če, diminutive suffix).


صفحه‌کلید

صفحهکلید (canonical)
safhe-kelid (romanization)


کارشناس

head

کارشناس • (kâršenâs) (plural کارشناسان (kâršenâsân) or کارشناسها (kâršenâs-hâ))

kâršenâs (romanization)
کارشناسان (plural)
کارشناسها (plural)

[kʰɒːɾʃeˈnɒːs]


صفحه

صَفْحِه • (safhe) (plural صفحهها (safhe-hâ) or صفحات (safahât))

صَفْحِه (canonical)
safhe (romanization)
صفحهها (plural)
صفحات (plural)

صفحهٔ یازده

صفحهٔ کاغذ

صفحهٔ اراسیا

صفحهٔ زمین


اوج

From Arabic أَوْج (ʔawj), from Persian اوگ (owg), from Middle Iranian, ultimately Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“related to increasement”). Cognate with Gilaki اوچوک (učuk, “soar”) and Sanskrit उच्च (ucca).


اندوه

[ʔän̪.d̪oːʱ]

[ʔän̪.d̪oːʱ]

[ʔæn̪.d̪uːʱ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (’ndwh /andōh/, “sorrow”).

inh

چون بر او بنشست زین اندوه گرد / بر همه شاهان عالم رحم کرد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2611:

Since dust settled on him from this sorrow, he [Solomon] had compassion for all the kings of the world.

čon bar o binišast zin andoh gard / bar hama shâhân-i-'alâm rahm kard


صندوقدار

head

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

fa-noun

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

صَندوقدار (canonical)
sanduqdâr (romanization)

[sæn̪.d̪uːʁ.d̪ɒːɹ]


گدا

head

گدا • (gedâ) (plural گداها (gedâ-hâ) or گدایان (gedâyân))

gedâ (romanization)
گداها (plural)
گدایان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: gədə

→ Kazakh: кедей (kedei)

→ Kyrgyz: кедей (kedey)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گدا, կէտա (geda), կէտայ (geday) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: geda

→ Uzbek: gadoy

Compared with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬜𐬀 (gaδa, “robber”), Pashto غل (ǧal, “thief”), although the Middle Persian reflex of this root is [script needed] (gdk' /gēg/, “thief”).

به ملازمان سلطان که رساند این دعا را؟
که به شکرِ پادشاهی ز نظر مران گدا را

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 6”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

To the sultan’s attendants, who will convey this prayer?
In thanks for your kingship, drive not the beggar from your sight.

ba mulâzimân-i sultân ki rasânad în du'â râ?
ki ba šukr-i pâdišâhî zi nazar ma-rân gadâ râ

بسی پادشاهی کنم؛ در گدایی!
چو باشم، گدایِ گدایانِ زهرا

2015, Ali Fani (lyrics and music), “Be Tâ-hâ, be Yâ-sin”:

I shall be very much a king—in beggary!
For I shall be a beggar among the beggars to Zahra.

basi pâdešâhi konam; dar gedâyi!
čo bâšam, gedâ-ye gedâyân-e zahrâ


پاتیناژ

head

پاتیناژ • (pâtinâž)

fa-noun

پاتیناژ • (pâtinâž)

[pʰɒː.t̪ʰiː.nɒ́ːʒ]


آتش‌بازی

head

آتشبازی • (âtaš-bâzi) (plural آتشبازیها (âtaš-bâzi-hâ))

آتشبازی (canonical)
âtaš-bâzi (romanization)
آتشبازیها (plural)

→ Bengali: আতশবাজি (atośbaji)

→ Gujarati: આતશબાજી (ātaśbājī)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: आतिशबाज़ी (ātiśbāzī)

Hindi: आतिशबाज़ी (ātiśbāzī)

Urdu: آتش بازی (ātiś bāzī)

Urdu: آتش بازی (ātiś bāzī)

→ Marathi: आतषबाजी (ātaṣbājī)

→ Odia: ଆତସବାଜି (ātasabāji)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਤਸ਼ਬਾਜ਼ੀ (ātaśbāzī), ਅਸਤਬਾਜ਼ੀ (asatbāzī)

Shahmukhi script: آتِش بازِی (ātiś bāzī), استبازی

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + بازی (bâzi, “playing”).


امنیت

From امن (amn, “secure, safe”) + ـیت (-iyyat). Likely a Persian formation as a possible Arabic *أَمْنِيّة (*ʔamniyya) is not attested, at least in the contemporary language.

af

امنیت ملی


بیم

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bym /bīm/, “fear, fright, dread”), from Proto-Iranian *biHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰiHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠(𐬀)𐬌𐬌- (b(a)ii-, “to fear”), Sanskrit बिभेति (bibheti, “to fear”) (compare identical formation भीम (bhīmá, “fearful”)), Old Church Slavonic боꙗти (bojati, “to fear”) (Russian бояться (bojatʹsja)) and Old English bifian (“to shiver”).

cog

هر محال از دست او ممکن شود / هر حرون از بیم او ساکن شود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3068:

By His hand every impossible thing is made possible; by fear of Him every unruly one is made quiet.

har muhâl az dast-i-ô mumkin šawad / har harûn az bîm-i-ô sâkun šawad


شورا

head

شورا • (šowrâ)

fa-noun

شورا • (šowrâ)


چوب

→ Georgian: შუბი (šubi)

→ Gujarati: ચોબ (cob)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (cwp /čōb/, “wood, stick”). Cognate with Central Kurdish چو (çu), شیو (şîw), Sanskrit क्षुप (kṣupa, “bush”). Further connections outside Indo-Iranian uncertain.

inh

چوب ماهون

برف و سرمایی عظیم بود و در صحرایی در پیش شهر، مقداری راه چوبی به زمین فرو برده بودند تا مردم روز برف و دمه بر هنجار آن چوب میروند.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

The snow and cold was extreme, and in the wasteland before the city, they had inserted a wooden pole into the earth along a portion of the road so that people could make their way by that pole on a day of snow and blizzard.

barf u sarmāyī azīm būd u dar sahrāyē dar pēš-i šahr, miqdarē rāh čōbē ba zamīn furō burda būdand tā mardum rōz-i barf u dama bar hanjār-i ān čōb mē-rawand.

و در آن حدود مردم را دیدم که در کوه میگردیدند و چوبی چون درخت سرو میبریدند. پرسیدم که از این چه میکنید؟ گفتند: این چوب را یک سر در آتش میکنیم و از دیگر سر آن قطران بیرون میآید، همه را در چاه جمع میکنیم و از آنجا در ظروف میکنیم و به اطراف میبریم.

And in that neighborhood, I saw people who were strolling in the mountains and cutting down a tree like a cypress. I asked, "What are you doing by this?" They said: "If you put one end of this tree in fire, tar comes out the other end. We're putting all of it together in a pit, putting them into pots, and bringing them to the lands nearby [to sell]."

wa dar ān hudūd mardum rā dīdam ki dar kōh mē-gardīdand u čōbē čōn diraxt-i sarv mē-barridand. pursīdam ki az īn či mē-kunēd? guftand: īn čōb rā yak sar dar ātiš mē-kunēm u az digar sar-i ān qatrān bērōn mē-āyad. hama rā dar čāh jam' mē-kunēm u az ānjā dar zurūf mē-kunēm u ba atrāf mē-barēm.


باور

head

باور • (bâvar) (plural باورها (bâvar-hâ))

bâvar (romanization)
باورها (plural)
باور (singular)
bâvar (singular)
باورها (plural)
bâvar-hấ (plural)
باورا (colloquial plural)
bâvarấ (plural)
باور را (definite direct-object singular)
bâvar râ (definite direct-object singular)
باور رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
bâvaro (definite direct-object singular)
باورها را (definite direct-object plural)
bâvar-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
باورا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
bâvarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
باور (ezafe singular)
bâvar-e (ezafe singular)
باورهای (ezafe plural)
bâvar-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
باورای (colloquial ezafe plural)
bâvarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
باوری (definite relative singular)
باوری (indefinite singular stressed)
bâvar-i (definite relative singular)
bâvar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
باورهایی (definite plural relative)
باورهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
bâvarấn-i, bâvar-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
bâvarấn-i, bâvar-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
باورایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
باورایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
bâvarấi (definite plural relative)
bâvarấi (indefinite plural stressed)
باورم (first-person possessive singular)
bâváram (first-person possessive singular)
باورهایم (first-person possessive singular)
bâvar-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
باورهام، باورام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
bâvarấm (first-person possessive singular)
باورت (possessive second-person singular)
bâvárat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bâváret (possessive second-person singular)
باورهایت (possessive second-person singular)
bâvar-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
باورهات، باورات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bâvarất (possessive second-person singular)
باورش (possessive singular third-person)
bâváraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bâváreš (possessive singular third-person)
باورهایش (possessive singular third-person)
bâvar-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
باورهاش، باوراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bâvarấš (possessive singular third-person)
باورمان (first-person plural possessive)
bâváremân (first-person plural possessive)
باورمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bâváremun (first-person plural possessive)
باورهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
bâvar-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
باورهامون، باورامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bâvarấmun (first-person plural possessive)
باورتان (plural possessive second-person)
bâváretân (plural possessive second-person)
باورتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bâváretun (plural possessive second-person)
باورهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
bâvar-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
باورهاتون، باوراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bâvarấtun (plural possessive second-person)
باورشان (plural possessive third-person)
bâvárešân (plural possessive third-person)
باورشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bâvárešun (plural possessive third-person)
باورهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
bâvar-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
باورهاشون، باوراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bâvarấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Gujarati: બાવર (bāvar)

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬁𐬬𐬀𐬭 (upāvar, “in belief”), from Proto-Indo-European *upó and either Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak”) or Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to wish, desire”). Compare Old Armenian վաւեր (vawer), an Iranian borrowing.


طلوع

اختر اقبال تو دارد طلوع بی غروب
بادهٔ افضال تو دارد نشاط بی خمار

late 1100s, Rashīd-ud-Dīn Waṭwāṭ, “Panegyric 87”, in دیوان وطواط:

The star of your fortune has a rise with no setting;
The wine of your favors has pleasure with no hangover.

axtar-i iqbāl-i tu dārad tulū' bē ğurūb
bāda-yi afzāl-i tu dārad nišāt bē xumār

rise of a celestial body; (especially) sunrise