درست

fa-adj

درست • (dorost) (comparative درستتَر (dorost-tar), superlative درستتَرین (dorost-tarin))

dorost (romanization)
درستتَر (comparative)
درستتَرین (superlative)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: դրուստ (drust), տրուստ (trust)

Armenian: դրուստ (drust)

→ Azerbaijani: dürüst

→ Bashkir: дөрөҫ (döröś)

→ Bengali: দুরস্ত (durosto)

→ Gujarati: દુરસ્ત (durast)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुरुस्त (durust)

Urdu: درست (durust)

→ Kazakh: дұрыс (dūrys)

→ Khalaj: durust

→ Kyrgyz: дурус (durus)

→ Marathi: दुरुस्त (durusta)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درست (dürüst)

Turkish: dürüst

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰੁਸਤਾ (darustā)

Shahmukhi script: دَرُست (darust)

→ Tatar: дөрес (döres)

→ Uyghur: دۇرۇس (durus)

From Middle Persian drw(y)st' (drust, “right; well, healthy”), from Old Persian *dᵘruvišta, from Proto-Iranian *druwištah. Compare Baluchi دْراه (drāh, “well, healthy”).

inh

جواب درست چیست؟ (more literary)
javâb-e dorost či-st?

جواب درست چیه؟ (more colloquial)

چون ابر به نوروز رخ لاله بشست، بر خیز و به جام باده کن عزم درست

c. 1100, Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam:

when the cloud has washed the lilies' cheek on Nowruz, get up and [seek] the wine cup with full determination

čon abr be nowruz rox-e lâle be-šost, bar-xiz o be jâm-e bâde kon 'azm-e dorost

پنجم درست

995-1077, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
گفت: «بونصر را بگوی که امروز درستم ...»
guft: "bû nasr râ bigôy ki imrôz durustam ..."
[He] said: "tell Bu Nasr that I'm well today."


حاد

fa-adj

حاد • (hâd) (comparative حادتَر (hâd-tar), superlative حادتَرین (hâd-tarin))

hâd (romanization)
حادتَر (comparative)
حادتَرین (superlative)


تیز

تیز • (tiz) (comparative تیزتَر (tiz-tar), superlative تیزتَرین (tiz-tarin))

tiz (romanization)
تیزتَر (comparative)
تیزتَرین (superlative)

→ Hindi: तेज़ (tez)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੇਜ਼ (tez), ਤੇਜ (tej)

Shahmukhi script: تیز (tez)

→ Turkish: tiz

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tyc /tēz/, “sharp”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-. Cognate with Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫎𐫏𐫋 (tēǰ, “sharp”), Northern Kurdish tîj, tûj (“sharp; hot, spicy”), Central Kurdish تیژ (tîj), تێژ (têj, “sharp, hot (peppery)”). Note Armenian թեժ (tʻež), an Iranian borrowing.


فرانسوی

From فرانسه (farânse, “France”) + ی (-i).


اسبی

fa-adj

اَسبی • (asbi)


یواش

یواش • (yavâš)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish yavaş and Azerbaijani yavaş.


مظهر

تا ز گردون و اختر اندر دهر
هر چه مضمر بود شود مظهر
باد گردان برای تو گردون
باد تابان به حکم تو اختر

c. 1100, Masʿūd-i Saʿd-i Salmān, “Qaṣīda 30”, in دیوان مسعود سعد سلمان:

Until everything which was hidden becomes manifest
From the heavens and the stars by the will of time,
May the heavens be circling for you,
May the stars be shining for your sake.

tā zi gardūn u axtar andar dahr
har či muzmar būd šawad muzhar
bād gardān barā-yi tō gardūn
bād tābān ba hukm-i tō axtar


چرمی

چرمی • (čarmi)


مشترک

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

[mʊʃ.t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

Borrowed from Arabic مُشْتَرَك (muštarak).

bor+

دشمن مشترک

حس مشترک


دودمانی

fa-adj

دودمانی • (dudmâni)


ساحلی

ساحلی • (sâheli)

[sɑː.ɦɪ.líː]

[sɑː.ɦɪ.líː]

Borrowed from Arabic سَاحِلِيّ (sāḥiliyy). By surface analysis, ساحل (sâhel, “coast”) + ـی (-i).


برهنه

→ Urdu: برہنہ (barahna)

From Middle Persian bl(ʾ)hnk' (brahnag), from Proto-Iranian *bagnákah, with secondary -r-, from Proto-Iranian *bagná (“naked”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nagnás, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”); see there for further information.

دیروز یک زن برهنه دیدم.
Diruz yek zan-e berahne didam.

I saw a naked woman yesterday.

دیرو یه زن برهنه دیدم. Diru ye zan-e berahne didam. (more colloquial)


اجتماعی

fa-adj

اِجتِماعی • (ejtemâ'i) (comparative اِجتِماعیتَر (ejtemâ'i-tar), superlative اِجتِماعیتَرین (ejtemâ'i-tarin))

اِجتِماعی (canonical)
ejtemâ'i (romanization)
اِجتِماعیتَر (comparative)
اِجتِماعیتَرین (superlative)

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑː.ʔíː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑː.ʔíː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.t̪ʰɪ.mɑː.jíː]

[ʔed͡ʒ.t̪ʰe.mɒː.ʔíː]

Borrowed from Arabic اِجْتِمَاعِيّ (ijtimāʕiyy). By surface analysis, اجتماع (ejtemâ', “society, community”) + ـی (-i).

bor+

اِجْتِمَاعِيّ

surface analysis

مسائل اجتماعی

شرایط اجتماعی

شخصیت اجتماعی


تنگ

fa-adj

تنگ • (tang) (comparative تنگتَر (tang-tar), superlative تنگتَرین (tang-tarin))

tang (romanization)
تنگتَر (comparative)
تنگتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tng /tang/, “narrow, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to compact”), perhaps from *ten- (“to stretch”). Cognate with تنجیدن (tanjidan, “to squeeze”), as well as Old Armenian թանկ (tʻank), an Iranian borrowing.

der

از وی این دنیای خوش بر تست تنگ
از پی او با حق و با خلق جنگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 784:

Through it this fair world is narrow (distressful) to you,
for its sake (you are at) war with God and man.

az way īn dunyā-i xōš bar tu-st tang
az pay-i ō bā haq u bā xalq jang


خنک

fa-adj

خُنَک • (xonak) (comparative خُنَکتَر (xonak-tar), superlative خُنَکتَرین (xonak-tarin))

خُنَک (canonical)
xonak (romanization)
خُنَکتَر (comparative)
خُنَکتَرین (superlative)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwnk' /xunak/, “cool”).

inh+

هوای خنک


لغو

fa-adj

لغو • (lağv)


پیر

پیر • (pir) (comparative پیرتَر (pir-tar), superlative پیرتَرین (pir-tarin))

pir (romanization)
پیرتَر (comparative)
پیرتَرین (superlative)
پیر
pir
پیر (ezafe)
pir-e (ezafe)
پیری (definite relative)
پیری (indefinite stressed)
pir-i (definite relative)
pir-i (indefinite stressed)
پیرم (first-person predicative singular)
piram (first-person predicative singular)
پیریم (first-person plural predicative)
pirim (first-person plural predicative)
پیری (predicative second-person singular)
piri (predicative second-person singular)
پیرید (plural predicative second-person)
pirid (plural predicative second-person)
پیرین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
pirin (plural predicative second-person)
پیر است (predicative singular third-person)
pir ast (predicative singular third-person)
پیره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
pire (predicative singular third-person)
پیرند (plural predicative third-person)
pirand (plural predicative third-person)
پیرن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
piran (plural predicative third-person)

From Middle Persian 𐬞𐬌𐬭 (pyl /pīr/, “old, aged, ancient”), from Proto-Iranian *paru- (“ash-gray, pale gray, hoary”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás (“gray”); compare Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa, “spotted, rough”) and English pale.

cog

آموزگارِ پیر

درختِ پیر

قدیمی قدیمی#Persian

old, aged (of living things; see also قدیمی (qadimi) for non-living things)


بارانی

fa-adj

بارانی • (bârâni)

[bɒːɾɒːˈniː]

[bɒːɾuːˈniː]

From باران + ـی.


مکعب

Borrowed from Arabic مُكَعَّب (mukaʕʕab).


غمگین

fa-adj

غَمگین • (ğamgin) (comparative غَمگینتَر (ğamgin-tar), superlative غَمگینتَرین (ğamgin-tarin))

غَمگین (canonical)
ğamgin (romanization)
غَمگینتَر (comparative)
غَمگینتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: qəmgin

→ Kazakh: ғамкүн (ğamkün)

زندگی چیست مرا چون تو چنین غمگینی
جان زارم به سگ کوی تو نسپرده چراست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 117:

What is life for me when you are so sad?
Why have you not entrusted my mournful soul to the dogs of your street?

zindagī čī-st ma-rā čūn tō čunīn ğamgīn-ī
jān-i zāram ba sag-i kō-yi tō nasipurda čirā-st


جهانی

جهانی • (jahâni)

[dʒæhɒːˈniː]

From جهان + ـی.


توپ

توپ • (tup) (comparative توپتَر (tup-tar), superlative توپتَرین (tup-tarin))

tup (romanization)
توپتَر (comparative)
توپتَرین (superlative)

Probably cognate with Persian توه (tuh, “layer”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twp /*tōf/, “layer”).


مختل

Borrowed from Arabic مُخْتَلّ (muḵtall).


مسلحانه

fa-adj

مُسَلَّحانِه

مُسَلَّحانِه • (mosallahâne)

مُسَلَّحانِه (canonical)
mosallahâne (romanization)

From مُسَلَّح (mosallah) + ـانِه (-âne).

افزایش دزدیهای مسلحانه


عراقی

عراقی • ('erâqi)

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔɪ.ɾɑː.qiː]

[ʔe.ɹɒː.ʁiː]


لبنانی

لبنانی • (lobnâni)


مشهد

slain without any mulct or fine being paid


حرام

حرام • (harâm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हराम (harām)

Urdu: حَرَام (harām)

poor thing (as a compassionate expression)


شهری

شهری • (šahri)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ (śahirī)

Shahmukhi script: شہری (śahirī)

From شهر (šahr, “city”) + ـی (-i, “relative adjective suffix”).


حیاتی

fa-adj

حیاتی • (hayâti)

[hä.jɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[hä.jɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[ʔä.jɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[ʔä.jɔː.t̪ʰí]

relating to life:
vital, necessary for life

مواد حیاتی

چیست جان کندن سوی مرگ آمدن
دست در آب حیاتی نازدن

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3687:

What is agony of spirit? To advance towards death
and not grasp the Water of Life.

čīst jān kandan suy-i marg āmadan
dast dar āb-i hayātī nā-zadan


روان

روان • (ravân) (comparative روانتَر (ravân-tar), superlative روانتَرین (ravân-tarin))

ravân (romanization)
روانتَر (comparative)
روانتَرین (superlative)

→ Urdu: روان (ravān)

From رو (rav) + ـان (-ân); the first part is the present stem of رفتن (raftan).


اقیانوسی

اقیانوسی • (oqiânusi)


رایج

رایج • (râyej)

[ɾɑː.ˈjid͡ʒ]

[rɑː.jɪ́d͡ʒ]

[rɑː.jɪ́d͡ʒ]

[rɑː.jɪ́d͡ʒ]

[rɔː.jíd͡ʒ̥]

[ɹɒː.jéd͡ʒ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic رَائِج (rāʔij), the active participle of رَاجَ (rāja).


سوخته

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوخته (suhte)
Turkish: suhte


بهترین

Originally the superlative of به, which as an adjective is now obsoleted.


خوبانی

fa-adj

خوبانی • (xubâni)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ूबानी (xūbānī)

Urdu: خوبانی (xūbānī)


بارز

بارز • (bârez)


کل

From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”) or *kl̥H-. Cognate with English callow and/or Latin calvus, Sanskrit कुल्व (kulva).


عدسی

[ʔä.d̪ä.síː]

[ʔä.d̪ä.síː]

[ʔä.d̪ä.síː]

[ʔæ.d̪æ.síː]

From عدس (adas, “lentil”) + ـی (-i).
"Lens": semantic loan from Arabic عَدَسَة (ʕadasa).


ممکن

fa-adj

مُمکِن • (momken) (comparative مُمکِنتَر (momken-tar), superlative مُمکِنتَرین (momken-tarin))

مُمکِن (canonical)
momken (romanization)
مُمکِنتَر (comparative)
مُمکِنتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: mümkün

→ Bashkir: мөмкин (mömkin)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुमकिन (mumkin)

Urdu: مُمْکِن (mumkin)

→ Kazakh: мүмкін (mümkın)

→ Kyrgyz: мүмкүн (mümkün)

→ Tatar: мөмкин (mömkin)

→ Uzbek: mumkin

→ Yagnobi: мумкин (mumkin)

ممکن است که فردا بیاید. (more literary)

It is possible that he will come tomorrow.

ممکنه فردا بیاد. (more colloquial)

ممکن نیست که دارا هنوز زنده باشد. (more literary)

It is not possible that Dara is still alive.


لذیذ

لذیذ • (laziz) (comparative لذیذتَر (laziz-tar), superlative لذیذتَرین (laziz-tarin))

laziz (romanization)
لذیذتَر (comparative)
لذیذتَرین (superlative)
لذیذم (first-person predicative singular)
lazizam (first-person predicative singular)
لذیذیم (first-person plural predicative)
lazizim (first-person plural predicative)
لذیذی (predicative second-person singular)
lazizi (predicative second-person singular)
لذیذید (plural predicative second-person)
lazizid (plural predicative second-person)
لذیذین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
lazizin (plural predicative second-person)
لذیذ است (predicative singular third-person)
laziz ast (predicative singular third-person)
لذیذه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
lazize (predicative singular third-person)
لذیذند (plural predicative third-person)
lazizand (plural predicative third-person)
لذیذن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
lazizan (plural predicative third-person)
لذیذم (first-person possessive singular)
lazizam (first-person possessive singular)
لذیذمان (first-person plural possessive)
lazizemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
lazizemun (first-person plural possessive)
لذیذت (possessive second-person singular)
lazizat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
lazizet (possessive second-person singular)
لذیذتان (plural possessive second-person)
lazizetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
lazizetun (plural possessive second-person)
لذیذش (possessive singular third-person)
lazizaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
lazizeš (possessive singular third-person)
لذیذشان (plural possessive third-person)
lazizešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
lazizešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लज़ीज़ (lazīz)

Urdu: لَذِیذ (lazīz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਜ਼ੀਜ਼ (lazīz)

Shahmukhi script: لَذِیذ (laẕīẕ)


اسلاوی

اسلاوی • (eslâvi)


کیهانی

کیهانی • (keyhâni)


دوربین

From دور (dur) + بین (bin). In the sense of a prospective glass, calque of Latin tēlescopum, tēlescopium, transmitted after this device was invented in Europe in the early 17ᵗʰ century by travellers to the East, which however makes it likely that this sense developed in the Ottoman Turkish vocabulary first.

فتادم به چاه زنخ گرچه من
چو خسرو دلی دوربین داشتم

c. 1260, Amīr Khusraw, “Ghazal 1483”, in دیوان امیرخسرو [The Divān of Amīr Khusraw]:

I fell in the dimple of her chin, even though I
Had a heart which saw far like [Kay] Khusraw.

fitādam ba čāh-i zanax garči man
čū xusraw dilē dūrbīn dāštam

farsighted, prospective (also figurative)


همه

→ Salar: hemme

→ Uzbek: hamma

→ Uyghur: ھەممە (hemme)

From Middle Persian hmʾk' (hamāg, “all”), from Proto-Iranian *hama-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *ham- (“together”). Akin to Old Armenian համակ (hamak), an Iranian borrowing. Compare Central Kurdish ھەموو (hemû) and Northern Kurdish hemû, hemî.

همهٔ ما خیلی خوشحالیم.

همهٔ این کتابا رو خوندهام. (more colloquial)

و اگر همه درختان روی زمین قلم شود

(Can we date this quote?), Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi, “Surah Luqman, 31:27”, in Translation of the Qur'an:

and if all the trees on the earth were to become pens

va agar hame-ye deraxtân-e ru-ye zamin qalam šavad


روسی

زبان روسی


عزیز

عزیز • ('aziz) (comparative عزیزتَر ('aziz-tar), superlative عزیزتَرین ('aziz-tarin))

'aziz (romanization)
عزیزتَر (comparative)
عزیزتَرین (superlative)


بودایی

بودایی • (budâyi)


مهم

مهم • (mohemm) (comparative مهمتَر (mohemm-tar), superlative مهمتَرین (mohemm-tarin))

mohemm (romanization)
مهمتَر (comparative)
مهمتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: mühüm

→ Bashkir: мөһим (möhim, “important”)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुहिम (muhim)

Urdu: مہم (muhim)

→ Marathi: मोहीम (mohīm)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਹਿੰਮ (muhimm)

Shahmukhi script: مُہم (muhm)

→ Tatar: мөһим (möhim)


آزموده

آزموده • (âzmude) (comparative آزمودهتَر (âzmude-tar), superlative آزمودهتَرین (âzmude-tarin))

âzmude (romanization)
آزمودهتَر (comparative)
آزمودهتَرین (superlative)

Urdu: آزمودہ (āzmūda)

From verb آزمودن (âzmudan, “to test, to experience”).


بلد

inh

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bálas (“forceful, strong”)

فارسی بلدی؟


دلداده

fa-adj

دلداده • (deldâde)

[d̪ɪl̪.d̪ɑː.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɪl̪.d̪ɑː.d̪ǽ]

[d̪ɪl̪.d̪ɑː.d̪ǽ]

دل (del, “heart”) + داده (dâde, “given”, past participle of دادن (dâdan)): "heart-given", one who has given away one's heart.

af

داده
<t:given><pos:past participle of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دادن</i> (dâdan)>


دخترانه

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]


لنگ

→ Armenian: լանկ (lank)

From Proto-Iranian *langa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *langa- (“lame”); cognate with Central Kurdish لەنگ (leng), Pashto [script needed] (lang), Sanskrit लङ्ग (laṅga, “lame”).


پنجابی

fa-adj

پنجابی • (panjâbi)

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑː.bíː]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑː.bíː]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑː.bíː]

[pʰæn.d͡ʒɒː.bíː]

fa:زبان پنجابی


رایگان

رایگان • (râyegân)

[ɾɑːj.ˈɡɑːn]

[ɾɑː.ja.ˈɡɑːn]

[rɑːj.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɑː.jä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɑːj.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɑː.jä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɑːj.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɑː.jä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[rɔː.jä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ɹɒːj.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ɹɒː.je.ɡɒ́ːn]

گاز رایگان

جان ازو آمد نیامد او ز جان
صدهزاران جان دهد او رایگان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 1679:

The soul came from Him, not He from the soul:
He bestows a hundred thousand souls free of cost.

jân az u âmad nay-âmad u ze jân
sad-hazârân jân dehad u râygân.


کود

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kōδ). Related to Sanskrit कूट (kūṭa, “heap, multitude”), Romani kidao (“to heap”), Old Armenian loanword կոյտ (koyt, “heap, mass, pile”) and possibly Classical Syriac ܩܘܛܝ (qawṭī, “to heap”).


فقیر

fa-adj

فَقیر • (faqir) (comparative فَقیرتَر (faqir-tar), superlative فَقیرتَرین (faqir-tarin))

فَقیر (canonical)
faqir (romanization)
فَقیرتَر (comparative)
فَقیرتَرین (superlative)


بی‌نظیر

بینظیر (canonical)
bi-nazir (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: binəzir

→ Bengali: বেনজির (benojir)

→ Chagatai: بی نظیر

Uyghur: بىنەزىر (binezir)

Uzbek: benazir

→ Ottoman Turkish: بی نظیر (bi nazir)

Turkish: binazir

→ Punjabi: بے نَظِیر (be naz̤īr)

→ Urdu: بے نَظِیر (be nazīr)


خوش‌مزه

خوشمزه • (xoš-maze) (comparative خوشمزهتَر (xoš-maze-tar), superlative خوشمزهتَرین (xoš-maze-tarin))

خوشمزه (canonical)
xoš-maze (romanization)
خوشمزهتَر (comparative)
خوشمزهتَرین (superlative)

Urdu: خوش مزہ (xuś-maza)


نزدیک

نزدیک • (nazdik) (comparative نزدیکتَر (nazdik-tar), superlative نزدیکتَرین (nazdik-tarin))

nazdik (romanization)
نزدیکتَر (comparative)
نزدیکتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nzdyk' /nazdīk/), from Proto-Iranian *názdyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas. One of a few adjectives that has preserved the final -g/k phoneme and did not undergo the regular sound change from Middle Persian to Modern Persian. Others include تاریک (târik, “dark”) and باریک (bârik, “slender”).


کاذب

fa-adj

کاذب • (kâzeb)


مهلک

مرد جوانی به بیماری مهلکی گرفتار شد.

A young man fell ill with a fatal disease.

mard-e javâni be bimâri-ye mohleki gereftâr šod.


محلی

مَحَلّی (canonical)
mahalli (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مَحَلِّيّ (maḥalliyy). By surface analysis, مَحَلّ (mahall) + ـِی (-i).

surf

غذای محلی


خالی

fa-adj

خالی • (xâli)

→ Assamese: খালী (khali)

→ Bengali: খালি (khali)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ाली (xālī)

Urdu: خالی (xālī)

→ Phalura: xaalí, خالیۡ

→ Sylheti: ꠈꠣꠟꠤ (xáli)

→ Telugu: ఖాళీ (khāḷī)

بشقاب خالی

خالی از توهّم

این میز خالی شد. (at a restaurant)

جات خالی بود.

You were missed. (literally, “Your place was empty.”)


اضافه

اضافه • (ezâfe)

etymon

ar>إِضَافَة>ʔiḍāfa


شلوغ

fa-adj

شلوغ • (šoluğ) (comparative شلوغتَر (šoluğ-tar), superlative شلوغتَرین (šoluğ-tarin))

šoluğ (romanization)
شلوغتَر (comparative)
شلوغتَرین (superlative)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: şuluq
→ Armenian: շուլուխ (šulux), շուլուղ (šuluġ)

Likely ultimately from Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl), with the sense development 'work' → 'busy' → 'crowded, noisy'.


دیوانه

fa-adj

دیوانه • (divâne) (comparative دیوانهتَر (divâne-tar), superlative دیوانهتَرین (divâne-tarin))

divâne (romanization)
دیوانهتَر (comparative)
دیوانهتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dyw'nk' /dēwānag/, “demonic; crazy, insane”), from Proto-Iranian *daywánah (“demon possessed; insane, crazy”).


کر

→ Armenian: (dialectal) կյառ (kyaṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: kar

→ Uzbek: kar

From Middle Persian kl (karr, “deaf”). Likely related to Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”).

چطور آن را نشنیدی؟ کری؟


کارا

fa-adj

کارا • (kârâ)


گران

گران • (gerân) (comparative گرانتَر (gerân-tar), superlative گرانتَرین (gerân-tarin))

gerân (romanization)
گرانتَر (comparative)
گرانتَرین (superlative)

→ Pashto:

→ Phalura: graán

From Middle Persian glʾn' (garān, “heavy”), from Proto-Iranian *grā-na- (“heavy”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate to Latin gravis (“heavy”).

این بسیار گران است. (more formal)

این خیلی گرونه. (more colloquial)

یک سال آب نیل وفا نکرد و غله گران شد.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

One year, the waters of the Nile did not rise and grain became expensive.

yak sāl āb-i nīl wafā na-kard u ğalla garān šud.

زندگی بر دوش ما بار گرانی بیش نیست
عمر جاویدان عذاب جاودانی بیش نیست

Life on my shoulders is no more than a heavy load;
The eternal life is no more than a torment everlasting.

zendegi bar duš-e mâ bâr-e gerâni biš nist
omr-e jâvidân ezâb-e jâvedâni biš nist


بسیار

بسیار • (besyâr) (comparative بسیارتَر (besyâr-tar), superlative بسیارتَرین (besyâr-tarin))

besyâr (romanization)
بسیارتَر (comparative)
بسیارتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wsy(k)ʾl /wasyār/, “much, many”).


متحد

[mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ́d̪]

[mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ́d̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَّحِد (muttaḥid).

bor+

روسیه متحد

سازمان ملل متحد

United Nations (literally, “organization of united nations”)


مست

→ Azerbaijani: məst

→ Bengali: মস্ত (mosto)

→ English: musth

→ Gujarati: મસ્ત (mast)

→ Kazakh: мас (mas)

→ Marathi: masta

Devanagari script: मस्त

Modi script: 𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘝

→ Middle Hindi: مست (mst /mast/)

Hindustani: mast

Hindi: मस्त

Urdu: مَسْت

→ Old Punjabi: ਮਸਤੁ (masatu)

Punjabi: mast

Gurmukhi script: ਮਸਤ

Shahmukhi script: مَسْت

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *matˢtás
Persian مست
From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭮𐭲 (mst /mast/, “drunk, bemused”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *matˢtás (“drunk, intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet”). Cognate with Sanskrit मत्त (matta).

inh

براسبش بکردار پیلان مَست
گرفت آن زمان پَالَهَنگش بدست

10th century, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh [The Book of Kings]:

He grasped the rein of his horse like an elephant in musth.

bar asb-aš bekerdâr-e pilân-e mast
gereft ân zamân pâlahang-aš be dast

(literary) in rut; (of elephants) in musth


ملی

Borrowed from Arabic مِلِّيّ (milliyy). By surface analysis, ملت (mellat, “nation”) + ـی (-i).

surf

گل ملی

پرچم ملی


موفق

fa-adj

مُوَفَّق • (movaffaq) (comparative مُوَفَّقتَر (movaffaq-tar), superlative مُوَفَّقتَرین (movaffaq-tarin))

مُوَفَّق (canonical)
movaffaq (romanization)
مُوَفَّقتَر (comparative)
مُوَفَّقتَرین (superlative)
موفق
movaffaq
موفق (ezafe)
movaffaq-e (ezafe)
موفقی (definite relative)
موفقی (indefinite stressed)
movaffaq-i (definite relative)
movaffaq-i (indefinite stressed)
موفقم (first-person possessive singular)
movaffaqam (first-person possessive singular)
موفقمان (first-person plural possessive)
movaffaqemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
movaffaqemun (first-person plural possessive)
موفقت (possessive second-person singular)
movaffaqat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
movaffaqet (possessive second-person singular)
موفقتان (plural possessive second-person)
movaffaqetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
movaffaqetun (plural possessive second-person)
موفقش (possessive singular third-person)
movaffaqaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
movaffaqeš (possessive singular third-person)
موفقشان (plural possessive third-person)
movaffaqešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
movaffaqešun (plural possessive third-person)
موفقم (first-person predicative singular)
movaffaqam (first-person predicative singular)
موفقیم (first-person plural predicative)
movaffaqim (first-person plural predicative)
موفقی (predicative second-person singular)
movaffaqi (predicative second-person singular)
موفقید (plural predicative second-person)
movaffaqid (plural predicative second-person)
موفقین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
movaffaqin (plural predicative second-person)
موفق است (predicative singular third-person)
movaffaq ast (predicative singular third-person)
موفقه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
movaffaqe (predicative singular third-person)
موفقند (plural predicative third-person)
movaffaqand (plural predicative third-person)
موفقن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
movaffaqan (plural predicative third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic مُوَفَّق (muwaffaq).


عاشق

fa-adj

عاشق • ('âšeq)


مجروح

[mäd͡ʒ.ɾóːʱ]

[ mäd͡ʒ.ɾúːʱ]

[mäd͡ʒ.ɾóːʱ]

[ mäd͡ʒ.ɾúːʱ]

[ mäd͡ʒ.ɾúː]

[mäd͡ʒ.ɾʊ́ː]

[mæd͡ʒ.ɹúːʰ]

[mäd͡ʒ.ɾɵ́ʰ]

[ mäd͡ʒ.ɾɵ́ʰ]

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


متاسف

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

متأسف متأسف#Persian


اسکاتلندی

fa-adj

اسکاتلندی • (eskâtlandi)


پشیمان

پشیمان • (pašimân) (comparative پشیمانتَر (pašimân-tar), superlative پشیمانتَرین (pašimân-tarin))

pašimân (romanization)
پشیمانتَر (comparative)
پشیمانتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: peşman

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փոշիման (pʻošiman), փօշաման (pʻōšaman), փոշըման (pʻošəman), փոշման (pʻošman)

Armenian: փոշման (pʻošman)

→ Gujarati: પશિમાન (paśimān), પશેમાન (paśemān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پشیمان (peşiman), پشمان (pişman) — vulgar, փէշիման (peşiman), փիշման (pişman), փիւշման (püşman) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: pişman
→ Albanian: pishman
→ Armenian: փիւշման (pʻiwšman), փուշման (pʻušman)
→ Aromanian: pishman
→ Bulgarian: пишма́н (pišmán)
→ Macedonian: пишман (pišman)
→ Serbo-Croatian: pìšmān／пѝшма̄н

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pšymʾn' /pašēmān/, “penitent, repentant”). Akin to Old Armenian փաշաման (pʻašaman), a Middle Iranian borrowing.

inh+

سپهبد پشیمان شد از کار اوی
بپیچید ازان راست گفتار اوی

The general became penitent from those deeds of his;
He writhed [from shame] at those righteous words of his.

sipahbud pašēmān šud az kār-i ōy
bipēčīd az ān rāst guftār-i ōy


بی‌طرف

بیطَرَف (canonical)
bi-taraf (romanization)

→ Bashkir: битараф (bitaraf)

→ Crimean Tatar: bitaraf

→ Turkish: bitaraf

→ Turkmen: bitarap

→ Uzbek: betaraf


خوشحال

fa-adj

خوشحال • (xošhâl) (comparative خوشحالتَر (xošhâl-tar), superlative خوشحالتَرین (xošhâl-tarin))

xošhâl (romanization)
خوشحالتَر (comparative)
خوشحالتَرین (superlative)
خوشحالم (first-person predicative singular)
xošhâlam (first-person predicative singular)
خوشحالیم (first-person plural predicative)
xošhâlim (first-person plural predicative)
خوشحالی (predicative second-person singular)
xošhâli (predicative second-person singular)
خوشحالید (plural predicative second-person)
xošhâlid (plural predicative second-person)
خوشحالین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xošhâlin (plural predicative second-person)
خوشحال است (predicative singular third-person)
xošhâl ast (predicative singular third-person)
خوشحاله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xošhâle (predicative singular third-person)
خوشحالند (plural predicative third-person)
xošhâland (plural predicative third-person)
خوشحالن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xošhâlan (plural predicative third-person)

Hindi: ख़ुशहाल (xuśhāl)

From خوش (xoš, “pleasant”) + حال (hâl, “state”).


خودرو

fa-adj

خودْرُو • (xodrow)

خودْرُو (canonical)
xodrow (romanization)

خود (xod, “self”) + رو (row, “present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)”)


خودرو

خودْرو • (xodru)

گیاهان خودرو


سره

sarah (romanization)
sere (romanization)

From Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Cognate with Pashto ښه (ẍë, “good”).


مسلح

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَلَّح (musallaḥ).

bor+

سارقین مسلح


جاری

fa-adj

جاری • (jâri)

→ Assamese: জাৰি (zari), জাৰী (zari)

→ Bengali: জারি (jari)

→ Gujarati: જારી (jārī)

→ Kannada: ಜಾರಿ (jāri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जारी (jārī)

Urdu: جارِی (jārī)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: जारी (jārī)

Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒰𑒩𑒲 (jārī)

→ Marathi: जारी (jārī)

→ Odia: ଜାରି (jāri)

→ Punjabi: jārī

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਰੀ

Shahmukhi script: جاری

به وحی الهی به قرآن جاری

2015, Ali Fani (lyrics and music), “Be Tâ-hâ, be Yâ-sin”:

By the divine revelation, by the accepted Qur'an


زیر

→ Arabic: زِير (zīr)

→ Azerbaijani: zil

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ेर (zer)

Urdu: زیر (zer)

desctree

→? Ottoman Turkish: زل (zil), زیل (zil)
Turkish: zil
→ Albanian: zile
→ Cypriot Greek: ζίλιν (zílin)
→ English: zill, zil
→ Georgian: ზილი (zili)
→ Middle Armenian: զիլ (zil)
Armenian: զիլ (zil)
→ Serbo-Croatian: zȉl / зи̏л

→ Pashto: زير (zir)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hcdl /azēr/, “underneath”), from Old Persian *hacā-adari, equivalent to 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hacā/, “from”, from Proto-Iranian *háčaH, from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂) + *adari (“under”, from Proto-Iranian *Hadárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰ-ér-o-s, distantly related to English under).
The prepositional usage is a contraction of older در زیرِ (dar zir-e, literally “in the underneath of”) or به زیرِ (be zir-e, literally “at the underneath of”); the full forms are dated in Iran but more common in the eastern lands.

inh

این کلمه میتواند به موارد زیر اشاره داشته باشد.

This word may refer to the topics below.

in kalame mi-tavânad be mavâred-e zir ešâre dâšte bâšad.


ریاضی

fa-adj

ریاضی • (riyâzi)

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَاضِيّ (riyāḍiyy).


گذشته

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[ɡ̥o.zæʃ.t̪ʰé]

سال گذشته


تند

→ Armenian: թունդ (tʻund)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܬܘܢܕ (tund)

→ Azerbaijani: tünd

→ Khalaj: tund

→ Kyrgyz: түнт (tünt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تند (tund, tünd)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (twnd /tund/, “sharp, violent”), from Proto-Iranian *tund- (“to act violently”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tund-, from Proto-Indo-European *tu-n-d-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-.

inh

خیلی تند میدود.

قلبم تند میزد.

این فلفل تند است.

انتقاد تند

باد تند میوزد

قرمز تند

قهوهٔ تند

strong; intense (of a beverage, a color)

مرد تند

شیب تند


شرقی

fa-adj

شرقی • (šarqi)

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْقِيّ (šarqiyy). By surface analysis, شرق (šarq, “east”) + ـی (-i). Doublet of شَرجی (šarji).

surf

استان آذربایجان شرقی


کوچولو

fa-adj

کوچولو • (kučulu)


انقلابی

انقلابی • (enqelâbi) (comparative انقلابیتَر (enqelâbi-tar), superlative انقلابیتَرین (enqelâbi-tarin))

enqelâbi (romanization)
انقلابیتَر (comparative)
انقلابیتَرین (superlative)

→ Bengali: ইনকিলাবি (inkilabi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंक़लाबी (inqalābī)

Urdu: انقلابی (inqalābī)

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

[ʔɪɴ.qɪ.lɑː.bíː]

Fa-انقلابی.ogg


امیدوار

omid-vâr (romanization)
ommid-vâr (romanization)


استاد

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
اُسْتَادتَر (comparative)
اُسْتَادتَرین (superlative)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).

prefix

compare Avestan <i class="Avst mention" lang="ae">𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀</i> (auua)


سالم

fa-adj

سالم • (sâlem) (comparative سالمتَر (sâlem-tar), superlative سالمتَرین (sâlem-tarin))

sâlem (romanization)
سالمتَر (comparative)
سالمتَرین (superlative)


گروهی

[ɡʊ.ɾoː.ɦiː]

[ɡʊ.ɾoː.ɦiː]

From Classical Persian گروه (gurōh) + ـی (ī, “adjective forming suffix”).


چرب

چرب • (čarb)

From Middle Persian clp (čarb), see there for more.


خانگی

خانگی • (xânegi)

→ Azerbaijani: xanəgi

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ानगी (xāngī)

Urdu: خانگی

→ Middle Bengali: খানগি (khanogi)

Bengali: খানকি (khanoki)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خانگی (hanegi)

Turkish: hanegi

[xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xɒːne.ɡʲíː]


جهانگرد

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒɑːɑːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

[d͡ʒɔːɔːŋ.ɡǽɹd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒːɲ.ɡʲǽɹd̪̥]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɔŋ.ɡǽɹd̪]

From جهان (jahān, “world”) + گرد (gard, present stem of گشتن (gaštan, “to turn, to walk around, to tour”)).

af

گرد
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گشتن</i> (gaštan, “to turn, to walk around, to tour”)>

به آفتاب جهانگرد و ظلّ گوشهنشین
به چرخ نادرهزای و جهان مردشکار[…]

c. 1200, Kamāl ud-Dīn Iṣfahānī, سوگندنامه [Book of Oaths]:

By the sunlight that circles the world, by the shadow that sits in the corner,
By the heaven that brings forth rarities, by the world that hunts down men […]

ba āftāb-i jahān-gard u zill-i gōša-nišīn
ba čarx-i nādira-zāy u jahān-i mard-šikār […]

(obsolete) traveling or circling the world


تمیز

fa-adj

تمیز • (tamiz) (comparative تمیزتَر (tamiz-tar), superlative تمیزتَرین (tamiz-tarin))

tamiz (romanization)
تمیزتَر (comparative)
تمیزتَرین (superlative)
تمیز
tamiz
تمیز (ezafe)
tamiz-e (ezafe)
تمیزی (definite relative)
تمیزی (indefinite stressed)
tamiz-i (definite relative)
tamiz-i (indefinite stressed)
تمیزم (first-person possessive singular)
tamizam (first-person possessive singular)
تمیزمان (first-person plural possessive)
tamizemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
tamizemun (first-person plural possessive)
تمیزت (possessive second-person singular)
tamizat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
tamizet (possessive second-person singular)
تمیزتان (plural possessive second-person)
tamizetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
tamizetun (plural possessive second-person)
تمیزش (possessive singular third-person)
tamizaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
tamizeš (possessive singular third-person)
تمیزشان (plural possessive third-person)
tamizešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
tamizešun (plural possessive third-person)
تمیزم (first-person predicative singular)
tamizam (first-person predicative singular)
تمیزیم (first-person plural predicative)
tamizim (first-person plural predicative)
تمیزی (predicative second-person singular)
tamizi (predicative second-person singular)
تمیزید (plural predicative second-person)
tamizid (plural predicative second-person)
تمیزین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
tamizin (plural predicative second-person)
تمیز است (predicative singular third-person)
tamiz ast (predicative singular third-person)
تمیزه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
tamize (predicative singular third-person)
تمیزند (plural predicative third-person)
tamizand (plural predicative third-person)
تمیزن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
tamizan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Bengali: তমিজ (tômiz)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तमीज़ (tamīz)

Urdu: تمیز (tamīz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਮੀਜ਼ (tamīz)

Shahmukhi script: تمیز (tamīz)


ممنون

→ Gujarati: મમનૂન (mamnūn)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ममनून (mamnūn)

Urdu: مَمْنُون (mamnūn)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਮਨੂਨ (mamnūn)

Shahmukhi script: مَمنون (mamnon)

Borrowed from Arabic مَمْنُون (mamnūn), passive participle of the verb مَنَّ (manna, “to be gracious”).

خیلی ممنون!


آباد

آباد • (âbâd)

âbâd (romanization)
آبادم (first-person predicative singular)
âbâdam (first-person predicative singular)
آبادیم (first-person plural predicative)
âbâdim (first-person plural predicative)
آبادی (predicative second-person singular)
âbâdi (predicative second-person singular)
آبادید (plural predicative second-person)
âbâdid (plural predicative second-person)
آبادین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âbâdin (plural predicative second-person)
آباد است (predicative singular third-person)
âbâd ast (predicative singular third-person)
آباده (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âbâde (predicative singular third-person)
آبادند (plural predicative third-person)
âbâdand (plural predicative third-person)
آبادن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âbâdan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: abad

→? Azerbaijani: avand

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आबाद (ābād)

Urdu: آباد (ābād)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਅਬਾਦ (abād), ਆਬਾਦ (ābād)

Shahmukhi script: آباد (ābād)

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt' (ābād, “populous, thriving, prosperous”). Per Lubotsky, from Proto-Iranian *āpāta-, from *paH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paH-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”), whence also پاییدن (pâyidan).
Compare also Old Armenian ապատ (apat), -ապատ (-apat) and անապատ (anapat), which are Iranian borrowings.
Commonly compared to Sanskrit आवास (āvāsa, “abode, residence, dwelling”), which is most likely from वसति (vasati, “to dwell, live, stop, stay”).

cog

good, elegant, fair, beautiful, convenient


بدبخت

fa-adj

بدبخت • (bad-baxt) (comparative بدبختتَر (bad-baxt-tar), superlative بدبختتَرین (bad-baxt-tarin))

bad-baxt (romanization)
بدبختتَر (comparative)
بدبختتَرین (superlative)

From بد (bad, “bad”) + بخت (baxt, “luck”).


مربع

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَبَّع (murabbaʕ).

bor+

کیلومتر مربع


روشن

fa-adj

روشن • (rowšan) (comparative روشنتَر (rowšan-tar), superlative روشنتَرین (rowšan-tarin))

rowšan (romanization)
روشنتَر (comparative)
روشنتَرین (superlative)

→ Bengali: রওশন (roōśon)

→ Gujarati: રોશન (rośan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रौशन (rauśan)

Urdu: روشن (rauśan, rośan)

→ Middle Armenian: ռօշան (ṙōšan)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਸ਼ਨ (rośan)

Shahmukhi script: روشن (rauśan, rośan)

Inherited from Middle Persian lwšn' (rōšn, “light; bright, light”), from Old Persian *rauxšnā, from Proto-Iranian *ráwxšnaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwkšnaH, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂ (“moon”). Doublet of رخشان (raxšân, “bright”) and لوخن (loxan, “moon, moonlight”).
Cognates include Latin lūna, Armenian լուսին (lusin), Old Church Slavonic лоуна (luna).

doublet

چون نمیآیند اینجا که منم
کاندر این عز آفتاب روشنم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1106:

How do not they come to this place where I am?
—for in this (spiritual) glory I am the shining Sun.

čūn namē-āyand īnjā ki manam
k-andar īn izz āftāb rawšanam


سپید

fa-adj

سپید • (sapēd)

سفید سفید#Persian


ایلی

ایلی • (ili)

جامعه ایلی


کوتاه

کوتاه • (kutâh) (comparative کوتاهتَر (kutâh-tar), superlative کوتاهتَرین (kutâh-tarin))

kutâh (romanization)
کوتاهتَر (comparative)
کوتاهتَرین (superlative)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كوتاه (kûtah)
Turkish: kûtah

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑːʱ]

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑːʱ]

[kʰoː.t̪ʰɑː]

[kʰʊː.t̪ʰɔː]

[kʰuː.t̪ʰɒːʱ]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/kotāh/). Cognate with کودک (kudak, “child”) and کوچک (kuček, “small”); see کودک (kudak) for more.

درخت اگر بلند باشد، روزی ۱۲ سطل شاتوت میچینیم. ولی اگر درخت کوتاه باشد، روزی ۲۰ سطل را پر میکنیم.

2021, “میوه لاکچری سولقان”, in www.hamshahrionline.ir, Hamshahri:

If the tree is tale, we gather twelve buckets of mulberry a day. But if it is a short tree, we fill twenty buckets a day.

deraxt agar boland bâšad, ruzi davâzdah satl šâtut mi-činim. vali agar deraxt-e kutâh bâšad, ruzi bist satl-râ por mi-konim.

طناب کوتاه

فیلم کوتاه.


فراموش

fa-adj

فراموش • (farâmuš)

[fä.ɾɑː.móːʃ]

[fä.ɾɑː.móːʃ]

[fä.ɾɑː.móːʃ]

[fä.ɾɔː.mʊ́ːʃ]

[fæ.ɹɒː.múːʃ]

[fä.ɾɔ.mɵ́ʃ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (pl(ʾ)mwš /fra/ā-mōš/, “forgotten”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *fra- (“forward”) + *ā- (“to, at”) + *marš- (“to forget”), the latter two components from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”) + *mers- (“to forget, annoy, disturb, neglect”).
Cognates include Baluchi شموشگ (šamóšag, “to forget”), English mar (“to spoil, damage”), Armenian մոռանալ (moṙanal, “to forget, fail”), Sanskrit मृष्यति (mṛṣyati, “to forget”), Latvian aizmirst (“to forget”), Tocharian A märs- (“to forget”).

cog

چون فراموش خودی یادت کنند، بنده گشتی آنگه آزادت کنند

c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3076”, in The Masnavi:

When you are forgetful of yourself, then you are remembered; when you have become a slave, then you are set free.

čun farâmuš-e xod-i yâd-at konand, bande gašt-i ân gah âzâd-at konand.


امپراتوری

fa-adj

امپراتوری • (emperâturi)


چپ

From Proto-Indo-European *kep- (“to bend, curve”), a possibly dialectal combination of Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend, curve”) + *(s)kamb- (“crooked”) (compare Latin cambiō (“to exchange”), whence English change), the latter (*(s)kamb-) which may be of the same origin as the former (*kh₂emp-). Cognate with Sanskrit चाप (cāpa, “bow, arc”), Sanskrit चपल (capala, “trembling, unsteady, wavering”).


بی‌معنی

بیمعنی (canonical)
bi-ma'ni (romanization)


رنگارنگ

fa-adj

رنگارنگ • (rangârang) (comparative رنگارنگتَر (rangârang-tar), superlative رنگارنگتَرین (rangârang-tarin))

rangârang (romanization)
رنگارنگتَر (comparative)
رنگارنگتَرین (superlative)

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɑː.ɾäŋɡ]

[räŋ.ɡɔː.ɾäŋɡ̥]

[ɹæŋ.ɡɒː.ɹæɲɡʲ̥]

[ɾäŋ.ɡɔ.ɾäŋɡ]

وی تصویر رنگارنگی کشید.
Vey tasvir-e rangârangi kešid.

He painted a colorful picture.

او یه تصویر رنگارنگ کشید. U ye tasvir-e rangârang kešid. (more colloquial)


بی‌هوش

بیهوش • (bi-huš)


کور

kur (romanization)
کورم (first-person predicative singular)
kuram (first-person predicative singular)
کوریم (first-person plural predicative)
kurim (first-person plural predicative)
کوری (predicative second-person singular)
kuri (predicative second-person singular)
کورید (plural predicative second-person)
kurid (plural predicative second-person)
کورین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
kurin (plural predicative second-person)
کور است (predicative singular third-person)
kur ast (predicative singular third-person)
کوره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
kure (predicative singular third-person)
کورند (plural predicative third-person)
kurand (plural predicative third-person)
کورن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
kuran (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: kor

→ Gujarati: કોર (kor)

→ Romani: korro

→ Kazakh: көр (kör)

→ Khalaj: kôr

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كور (kör)
Turkish: kör
→ Albanian: qorr
→ Middle Armenian: քոռ (kʻoṙ)
Armenian: քոռ (kʻoṙ), քյոռ (kʻyoṙ)
→ Bulgarian: кьор (kjor)
→ Georgian: ქორი (kori)
→ Romanian: chior
→ Serbo-Croatian: ћор, ćor

→ Pashto: کور (kor)

→ Urdu: کور (kor, kūr)

→ Uyghur: كور (kor)

→ Uzbek: koʻr

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwl), 𐫐𐫇𐫡 (kwr), 𐫞𐫇𐫡 (qwr /kōr/, “blind”). Compare Sogdian [script needed] (kwr /kōr/), and Old Armenian կոյր (koyr, “blind”), an Iranian borrowing.


تر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tl’, LCDr /tarr/, “wet, moist”).


سخت

fa-adj

سخت • (saxt) (comparative سختتَر (saxt-tar), superlative سختتَرین (saxt-tarin))

saxt (romanization)
سختتَر (comparative)
سختتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian 𐭮𐭠𐭤𐭨 (saxt), 𐭮𐭤𐭨 (saxt).

inh

Proto-Indo-European *ḱek- (“to be able”)

سخت کردن

to make difficult; to harden; to make strict

سخت شدن

to become difficult; to become hard; to become strict

او در دو سال اخیر سخت کار کرده. در تورنمنتهای زیادی حاضر شده و در نیمهنهاییها، فینالها و مسابقات سخت، باتجربه شده است.

2021, “استفانوس سیتسیپاس؛ تنیسبازی که مرگ را دید و تغییر کرد”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

He has worked hard in the last two years. He has been present in many tournaments and become experienced in semifinals, finals, and difficult competitions.

u dar do sâl-e axir saxt kâr karde. dar turnamant-hâ-ye ziyâdi hâzer šode va dar nime-nahâyi-hâ, finâl-hâ va mosâbaqât-e saxt, bâ-tajrobe šode ast.


بهشتی

→ Bengali: বেহেশ্তী (beheśtī)

paradisiacal; of, or relating to, paradise


اکبر

الله اکبر


بی‌گناه

fa-adj

بیگُناه • (bê-gonâh) (comparative بیگُناهتَر (bê-gonâh-tar), superlative بیگُناهتَرین (bê-gonâh-tarin))

بیگُناه (canonical)
bê-gonâh (romanization)
بیگُناهتَر (comparative)
بیگُناهتَرین (superlative)

[beː.ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]

[beː.ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]

af

بیـ<alt:بیـ>


کلیمی

کلیم (kalim, short for کلیم الله (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)) + ـی (-i).

کلیم
<pos:short for <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کلیم الله</i> (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)>


مشابه

fa-adj

مشابه • (mošâbe)


شمسی

شمسی • (šamsi)

Borrowed from Arabic شَمْسِيّ (šamsiyy).

منظومهٔ شمسی

سال ۷۷۲ شمسی

in the Solar Hijri calendar (the official calendar in Iran and formerly in Afghanistan)


قمری

Borrowed from Arabic قَمَرِيّ (qamariyy). By surface analysis, قمر (qamar) + ـی (-ī／-i, adjective forming suffix).


مشکل

fa-adj

مشکل • (moškel) (comparative مشکلتَر (moškel-tar), superlative مشکلتَرین (moškel-tarin))

moškel (romanization)
مشکلتَر (comparative)
مشکلتَرین (superlative)


مترادف

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرَادِف (mutarādif).


مأمور

ordered, commanded, commissioned, appointed


قانونی

fa-adj

قانونی • (qânuni)


کم

کم • (kam) (comparative کمتَر (kam-tar), superlative کمتَرین (kam-tarin))

kam (romanization)
کمتَر (comparative)
کمتَرین (superlative)

Indic:

Assamese: কম (kom)

Bengali: কম (kom)

Baluchi: کم

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)

Urdu: کم (kam)

Kashmiri: کم (km)

Marathi: कमी (kamī)

Nepali: कम (kam)

Odia: କମ (kama)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)

Shahmukhi script: کم (kam)

Santali: ᱠᱚᱢ (kôm)

→ Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)

→ Azerbaijani: kəm

desc

→ Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)

→ Phalura: kam

→ Kazakh: кем (kem)

→ Tatar: ким (kim)

→ Uzbek: kam

→ Yagnobi: кам (kam)

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /kam/, “little, small”), from Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), from Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”).


ویژه

fa-adj

ویژه • (viže) (comparative ویژهتَر (viže-tar), superlative ویژهتَرین (viže-tarin))

viže (romanization)
ویژهتَر (comparative)
ویژهتَرین (superlative)
ویژه
vižé
ویژهٔ (ezafe)
vižé-ye (ezafe)
ویژهای (definite relative)
ویژهای (indefinite stressed)
vižé-i (definite relative)
vižé-i (indefinite stressed)
ویژهام (first-person possessive singular)
vižé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
vižám (first-person possessive singular)
ویژهمان (first-person plural possessive)
vižé-ye-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
vižé-mân, vižámun (first-person plural possessive)
ویژهات (possessive second-person singular)
vižé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
vižát (possessive second-person singular)
ویژهتان (plural possessive second-person)
vižé-ye-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
vižé-tân, vižátun (plural possessive second-person)
ویژهاش (possessive singular third-person)
vižé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
vižáš (possessive singular third-person)
ویژهشان (plural possessive third-person)
vižé-ye-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
vižé-šân, vižášun (plural possessive third-person)
ویژهام (first-person predicative singular)
vižé-am (first-person predicative singular)
ویژهام، ویژم (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
vižám (first-person predicative singular)
ویژهایم (first-person plural predicative)
vižé-im (first-person plural predicative)
ویژهای (predicative second-person singular)
vižé-i (predicative second-person singular)
ویژهاید (plural predicative second-person)
vižé-id (plural predicative second-person)
ویژهاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
vižé-in (plural predicative second-person)
ویژه است (predicative singular third-person)
vižé ast (predicative singular third-person)
ویژهئه، ویژس (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
vižé-e, vižás (predicative singular third-person)
ویژهاند (plural predicative third-person)
vižé-and (plural predicative third-person)
ویژهان، ویژن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
vižé-an, vižán (plural predicative third-person)

der

Proto-Iranian *waič- (“to sift, separate”)

Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to separate, choose”)

سود ویژه


هماهنگ

[hä.mɑː.ɦǽŋɡ]

[hä.mɑː.ɦǽŋɡ]

[ʔä.mɔːǽŋɡ̥]

[hæ.mɒː.ɦǽɲɡʲ̥]

[hä.mɔ.ɦǽŋɡ]

From هم (ham, “same”) + آهنگ (âhang, “melody, harmony, intention”).


زود

fa-adj

زود • (zud) (comparative زودتَر (zud-tar), superlative زودتَرین (zud-tarin))

zud (romanization)
زودتَر (comparative)
زودتَرین (superlative)

From a Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] root shared with Sanskrit जू (jū, “hurry on, hurry, be quick”), Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬬𐬍𐬱𐬙𐬫𐬀 (zəvīštya, “the quickest”), and Northern Kurdish zû, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“force, drive”) and thus further cognate with Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”) and Old Norse keyra (“drive”).


حاکم

fa-adj

حاکم • (hâkem)


بعد

ماه بعد

روز بعد


آشنا

آشنا • (âšnâ)

[ʔɑː.ʃi.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɔː.ʃi.nɔː]

[ʔɒː.ʃe.nɒː]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾšnwʾk' /āšnāg/, “known”), ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Note also Old Persian [script needed] (ašnaiy, “near”). Possibly akin to Old Armenian Աշնակ (Ašnak, a male given name). Related to شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know, to be acquainted with”).


نر

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭪𐭫 (ZKL), 𐭭𐭫 (nl /nar/, “male”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.
Cognate with Pashto نر (nar, nër), Ossetian нӕл (næl), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), and Sanskrit नर (nara).


ضخیم

fa-adj

ضخیم • (zaxim) (comparative ضخیمتَر (zaxim-tar), superlative ضخیمتَرین (zaxim-tarin))

zaxim (romanization)
ضخیمتَر (comparative)
ضخیمتَرین (superlative)

کتاب ضخیمی

دیوار ضخیمی

لایهی ضخیمی

thick (of size or a layer, relatively large)


مشغول

مَشغول • (mašğul)

مَشغول (canonical)
mašğul (romanization)

→ Bengali: মশগুল (mośgul)

→ Gujarati: મશગૂલ (maśgūl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मशग़ूल (maśġūl)

desc

Urdu: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

Urdu: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

→ Punjabi: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَشْغوُل

Devanagari script: मश्ग़ूल

پسر الان مشغول خواندن است. (more literary)

پسر الان مشغول خوندنه. (more colloquial)

چون بجد مشغول باشد آدمی، او ز دید رنج خود باشد عمی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 1604:

When a man is busy in earnest, he is blind to the sight of his pain.

čon be-jedd mašğul bâšad âdami, u ze did-e ranj-e xod bâšad 'ami.

busy, occupied (in doing something, etc.)


دراز

darâz (romanization)
derâz (romanization)

→⇒ Azerbaijani: uzundraz

→ Bengali: দরাজ (dôraz)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दराज़ (darāz)

Urdu: دراز (darāz)

From Middle Persian 𐯌𐮲𐮹𐮰𐮿 (dlʾc /drāz/), from Proto-Iranian *draHǰáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *draHǰʰas, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.

لنگ دراز

ریسمان دراز

شکرفروش که عمرش دراز باد چرا
تفقدی نکند طوطی شکرخا را

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 4”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

Why does the sugar-seller—may his life be long!—have no commiseration for the sugar-crunching parrot?

šekarforuš ke 'omr-aš darâz bâd čerâ
tafaqqodi na-konad tuti-ye šekarxâ râ


نجس

fa-adj

نجس • (najes) (comparative نجستَر (najes-tar), superlative نجستَرین (najes-tarin))

najes (romanization)
نجستَر (comparative)
نجستَرین (superlative)


پارس

پارس • (pârs)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 (Pārs), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).


بابک

بابک • (bâbak)

Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭯𐭪𐭩 (Pābag), itself from Old Iranian *Pāpaka-, composed of *Pāpa- (“father”) + *-ka- (hypocoristic suffix).


هم‌جنس‌گرا

همجنسگرا همجنسگرا#Persian


آذری

آذری • (âzari)

[ʔɑː.ða.ˈɾiː]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾíː]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾíː]

[ʔɑː.zä.ɾíː]

[ʔɒː.zæ.ɹíː]


آذربایجانی

آذربایجانی • (âzarbâyjâni)

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑː.níː]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑː.níː]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑː.níː]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.bäj.d͡ʒɔː.ní]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.bɒːj.d͡ʒɒː.níː]


مات

According to Watkins, related to Arabic مات (māt, “to die”). However, compare Sanskrit मात (māta, “traversed, measured across”), past participle of मा (mā) (verbal root), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mimáHti, *mimHati, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-; see मिमीते (mimīte, “to mark off”).


مجبور

مَجبور (canonical)
majbur (romanization)


آسیایی

fa-adj

آسیایی • (âsiyâyī)


بین نژادهای مختلف

بین نژادهای مختلف

بین نژادهای مختلف • (beyn-e nežâd-hâ-ye moxtalef)

beyn-e nežâd-hâ-ye moxtalef (romanization)


احمق

احمق • (ahmaq) (comparative احمقتَر (ahmaq-tar), superlative احمقتَرین (ahmaq-tarin))

ahmaq (romanization)
احمقتَر (comparative)
احمقتَرین (superlative)
احمقم (first-person predicative singular)
ahmaqam (first-person predicative singular)
احمقیم (first-person plural predicative)
ahmaqim (first-person plural predicative)
احمقی (predicative second-person singular)
ahmaqi (predicative second-person singular)
احمقید (plural predicative second-person)
ahmaqid (plural predicative second-person)
احمقین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
ahmaqin (plural predicative second-person)
احمق است (predicative singular third-person)
ahmaq ast (predicative singular third-person)
احمقه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
ahmaqe (predicative singular third-person)
احمقند (plural predicative third-person)
ahmaqand (plural predicative third-person)
احمقن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
ahmaqan (plural predicative third-person)


وحشی

وحشی • (vahši) (comparative وحشیتَر (vahši-tar), superlative وحشیتَرین (vahši-tarin))

vahši (romanization)
وحشیتَر (comparative)
وحشیتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic وَحْشِيّ (waḥšiyy). Equivalent to وحش (vahš) + ـی (-i).


شور

→ Khalaj: şôr

→ Uzbek: shoʻr

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫢𐫇𐫡 (šwr /šōr/); compare with Middle Persian [script needed] (swr /sōr/). cognate with Northern Kurdish şor, sûr, Central Kurdish سوێر (swêr), Baluchi شور (šōr, šowr), Baluchi سور (sowr), Harzani سور (sür) and Pashto ښرنه (x̌arǝ́na, “saline”). Perhaps from Proto-Iranian *sauraH (“salty”), from Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour; salty”).

der

او ز بحر عذب آب شور خورد / تا که آب شور او را کور کرد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1118:

He has drunk salt water from the sweet Sea, so that the salt water has made him blind.

ō z-i bahr-i azb āb-i šōr xward / tā ki āb-i šōr ō-rā kōr kard


خم

Presumably related چمیدن (čamidan, “to twist, bend”), چفته (čaftah, “curved, bent; vaulted roof”), from Proto-Iranian *čámpati ~ *kapánti (“to bend”), ultimately of unknown origin. Cognate with Parthian 𐫗𐫐𐫖𐫁𐫏𐫅 (nkmbyd /rikambēd/, “to bend”).


قرص

→ Khalaj: qurs

From Middle Iranian (compare Tajik қурч (qurč), Northern Kurdish qurs (heavy), Mazanderani کرچ (kërč)).


مصری

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْرِيّ (miṣriyy). By surface analysis, مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + ـی (-i).


نازک

fa-adj

نازک • (nâzok)

→ Armenian: նազիկ (nazik)

→ Bashkir: нәҙек (nəźek, “thin”)

→ Gujarati: નાજુક (nājuk)

→ Karakalpak: nozik

→ Kazakh: нәзік (näzık)

→ Khalaj: nâzuk

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: نازك (nazuk, nazük, nazik)

Azerbaijani: nazik

Ottoman Turkish: نازك (nâzik)

Turkish: nazik

→ Turkmen: näzik (“tender, soft, delicate”)

→ Uyghur: نازۇك (nazuk)

→ Uzbek: nozik

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (n'cwk' /nāzuk/), also Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫗𐫀𐫉𐫇𐫃 (nʾzwg /nāzōg/), Sogdian 𐼎𐼀𐼈𐼇𐼋 (nʾzwk), from the noun now Persian ناز (nâz).

cog

صدای زنان نازک است


سرخوش

fa-adj

سرخوش • (sarxoš) (comparative سرخوشتَر (sarxoš-tar), superlative سرخوشتَرین (sarxoš-tarin))

sarxoš (romanization)
سرخوشتَر (comparative)
سرخوشتَرین (superlative)

→ Armenian: սարխոշ (sarxoš)

→ Azerbaijani: sərxoş

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرخوش (sarhoş), (rare) سارخوش (sarhoş)
Turkish: sarhoş
→ Albanian: sarhosh

From سر (sar, “head”) + خوش (xoš, “happy”).


پولدار

fa-adj

پولدار • (puldâr) (comparative پولدارتَر (puldâr-tar), superlative پولدارتَرین (puldâr-tarin))

puldâr (romanization)
پولدارتَر (comparative)
پولدارتَرین (superlative)

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰul̪.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰuːl̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From پول (pul, “money”) + ـدار (-dâr, “having”).

af

او که نمیخواست از آرزوهای شامپاین و خاویار دست بکشد ، برای پولدار شدن در آرزوی راهی بود که نه به کارِ زیاد احتیاج داشت و نه به تحصیلات بیشتر.

2013, Firoozeh Dumas, translated by محمد سلیمانی نیا [Mohammed Soleimani Nia], عطر سنبل عطر کاج [Persian translation of Funny in Farsi: a Memoir of Growing up Iranian in America]:

Unwilling to abandon his champagne wishes and caviar dreams, my father dreamed of ways to get rich that required neither hard work nor further education.

u ke ne-mi-xâst az ârezu-hâ-ye šâmpâyn va xâviyâr dast be-kešad, barâ-ye puldâr šodan dar ârezu-ye râhi bud ke na be kâr-e ziyâd ehtiyâj dâšt va na be tahsilât-e bištar.

(rather colloquial) rich, well-off, wealthy (possessing much money)


تنبل

fa-adj

تنبل • (tanbal) (comparative تنبلتَر (tanbal-tar), superlative تنبلتَرین (tanbal-tarin))

tanbal (romanization)
تنبلتَر (comparative)
تنبلتَرین (superlative)
تنبلم (first-person predicative singular)
tanbalam (first-person predicative singular)
تنبلیم (first-person plural predicative)
tanbalim (first-person plural predicative)
تنبلی (predicative second-person singular)
tanbali (predicative second-person singular)
تنبلید (plural predicative second-person)
tanbalid (plural predicative second-person)
تنبلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
tanbalin (plural predicative second-person)
تنبل است (predicative singular third-person)
tanbal ast (predicative singular third-person)
تنبله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
tanbale (predicative singular third-person)
تنبلند (plural predicative third-person)
tanbaland (plural predicative third-person)
تنبلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
tanbalan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Arabic: تَنْبَل (tanbal)

→ Armenian: թամբալ (tʻambal)

→ Azerbaijani: tənbəl

→ Gulf Arabic: تمبل (tambal)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تنبل (tembel)
Turkish: tembel
→ Albanian: dembel
→ Armenian: թէմպէլ (tʻēmpēl)
→ Bulgarian: дембе́л (dembél)
→ Greek: τεμπέλης (tempélis)
→ Hebrew: טֶמְבֶּל (témbel)
→ Laz: თემბელი (tembeli)
→ Macedonian: дембел (dembel)
→ Romanian: tembel
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: дѐмбел
Latin script: dèmbel

→ Uyghur: تەنبەل (tenbel)

→ Uzbek: tanbal

According to Asatrian, sound-symbolic like Ossetian тымбыл (tymbyl, “round”) and Armenian թմբլիկ (tʻmblik, “plump”).


چابک

fa-adj

چابک • (čâbok) (comparative چابکتَر (čâbok-tar), superlative چابکتَرین (čâbok-tarin))

čâbok (romanization)
چابکتَر (comparative)
چابکتَرین (superlative)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈβuk]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.bʊ́k]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.búk]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.bókʲ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cʾp̄wk' /čābuk/, “agile, nimble; excellent”), suffixed from an unattested root borrowed as Old Armenian ճեպ (čep, “haste”). Akin to Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk), Old Georgian ჭაპუკი (č̣aṗuḳi), ჭაბუკი (č̣abuḳi), Middle Iranian borrowings.


همراه

fa-adj

همراه • (hamrâh)

From هم (ham, “same”) + راه (râh, “way”).


کوفته

[kʰʊːf.t̪ʰǽ]

From کوفتن (kuftan, “to beat, grind, break”). Compare Northern Kurdish kutilk.


خطرناک

خطرناک • (xatarnâk) (comparative خطرناکتَر (xatarnâk-tar), superlative خطرناکتَرین (xatarnâk-tarin))

xatarnâk (romanization)
خطرناکتَر (comparative)
خطرناکتَرین (superlative)

[xä.t̪ʰäɾ.nɑ́ːk]

[xä.t̪ʰäɾ.nɑ́ːk]

[xä.t̪ʰäɾ.nɑ́ːk]

[xä.t̪ʰäɾ.nɔ́ːk]

[xæ.t̪ʰæɹ.nɒ́ːkʲ]

[χä.t̪ʰäɾ.nɔ́k]


کافی

کافی • (kâfi)

گر بیان معنوی کافی شدی / خلق عالم عاطل و باطل بدی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2624:

If the spiritual explanation were sufficient, the creation of the world would have been vain and idle.

gar bayân-i-ma'nawi kâfî shudî / xalq-i-'alâm 'âtil u bâtil budî


مثبت

مثبت • (mosbat) (comparative مثبتتَر (mosbat-tar), superlative مثبتتَرین (mosbat-tarin))

mosbat (romanization)
مثبتتَر (comparative)
مثبتتَرین (superlative)

نقاط مثبت

جواب مثبت

چنین خواندم در اخبار خلفا که چون هرون الرّشید، امیر المؤمنین از بغداد قصد خراسان کرد و آن قصّه دراز است و در کتب مثبت که قصد بچه سبب کرد چون بطوس رسید، سخت نالان شد و بر شرف هلاک شد، فضل ربیع را بخواند و وزارت او داشت از پس آل برمک.

c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

Thus I have read in the histories of the caliphs: when Harūn al-Rashīd, Commander of the Faithful, set out from Baghdād for Khurāsān (and the story of the reason for which he set out is long, and [described] in reliable books), when he arrived at Tūs, he suddenly moaned out and was on the verge of death. He called for al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabīʿ (his vizierate was after the Barmakids).

čunīn xwāndam dar axbār-i xulafā ki čūn harūn ar-rašīd, amir al-mu'minīn az bağdād qasd-i xurāsān kard u ān qissa darāz ast u dar kutub-i musbat ki qasd ba či sabab kard čūn ba tūs rasīd, saxt nālān šud u bar šuruf-i halāk šud, fazl-i rabi' rā bixwānd u wizārat-i ō dāšt az pas-i āl-i barmak.


دژخیم

dežxim (romanization)
dožxim (romanization)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšhym /dušxēm/, “evil-natured”). By surface analysis, دژـ (dož-) + خیم (xim). Akin to Old Armenian դժխեմ (džxem), an Iranian borrowing.


بالا

fa-adj

بالا • (bâlâ) (comparative بالاتَر (bâlâ-tar), superlative بالاتَرین (bâlâ-tarin))

bâlâ (romanization)
بالاتَر (comparative)
بالاتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/bālā/), from Proto-Iranian *bārźаh- (via a series of sound changes *rź > *rd > l) + a suffix *-ā of unknown origin. The first component is derived from Proto-Iranian *barź- (“to elevate, increase (height)”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up”).


مؤمن

fa-adj

مؤمن • (mo'men) (comparative مؤمنتَر (mo'men-tar), superlative مؤمنتَرین (mo'men-tarin))

mo'men (romanization)
مؤمنتَر (comparative)
مؤمنتَرین (superlative)


جبار

جبار • (jabâr) (comparative جبارتَر (jabâr-tar), superlative جبارتَرین (jabâr-tarin))

jabâr (romanization)
جبارتَر (comparative)
جبارتَرین (superlative)

[d͡ʒa.ˈβɑːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒä.bɔ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒæ.bɒ́ːɹ]


جابر

جابر • (jâber)


بور

→ Khalaj: bûor

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwl /bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”). Cognate with Ossetian бур (bur, “yellow”), Northern Kurdish bor (“grey”) and the Old Armenian loanword բորենի (boreni, “hyena”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”).


روحانی

fa-adj

روحانی • (rowhâni)

[ɹoː.ɦɒː.níː]

Borrowed from Arabic رُوحَانِيّ (rūḥāniyy).


کون‌گشاد

fa-adj

کونگشاد • (kun-gošâd) (comparative کونگشادتَر (kun-gošâd-tar), superlative کونگشادتَرین (kun-gošâd-tarin))

کونگشاد (canonical)
kun-gošâd (romanization)
کونگشادتَر (comparative)
کونگشادتَرین (superlative)

[ˌkʰuŋɡoˈʃɒːd]


باحال

باحال • (bâhâl) (comparative باحالتَر (bâhâl-tar), superlative باحالتَرین (bâhâl-tarin))

bâhâl (romanization)
باحالتَر (comparative)
باحالتَرین (superlative)

[bɒː.ɦɒ́ːl̥]

اوه واقعاً؟ چه باحال.

خیلی باحالی.


زنده

→ Bengali: জিন্দা (zinda)

→ Urdu: زندہ (zinda)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zy(w)ndk' /zīndag/). Equivalent to زی (ziy) + ـنده (ande), with زی (ziy) being the present stem of زیستن (zistan).

inh

10ᵗʰ Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
از آن پس نمیرم که من زندهام
که تخم سخن من پراگندهام
az ân pas namiram ke man zende-am
ke toxm-e soxan man parâgande-'am
I shall stay alive for ever

for I am the one who has spread the word!

درختان هم زندهاند!


زنده

fa-adj

زنده • (zande) (comparative زندهتَر (zande-tar), superlative زندهتَرین (zande-tarin))

zande (romanization)
زندهتَر (comparative)
زندهتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zndk' /zandag/).

inh

10ᵗʰ Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
سوی سام نِیرَم نِهادند روی
اَبا زَنده پیلان پرخاشجوی
soy-e sâme neyram nehâdand ruy
abâ zande pilân-e parxâšjuy
They embarked upon their campaign towards Sām,

with their formidable, rampant war elephants.


مستقل

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَقِلّ (mustaqill).


جنسی

Borrowed from Arabic جِنْسِيّ (jinsiyy). By surface analysis, جنس (jens) + ـی (-i).


گشاد

fa-adj

گُشاد • (gošâd) (comparative گُشادتَر (gošâd-tar), superlative گُشادتَرین (gošâd-tarin))

گُشاد (canonical)
gošâd (romanization)
گُشادتَر (comparative)
گُشادتَرین (superlative)
گشادم (first-person predicative singular)
gošâdam (first-person predicative singular)
گشادیم (first-person plural predicative)
gošâdim (first-person plural predicative)
گشادی (predicative second-person singular)
gošâdi (predicative second-person singular)
گشادید (plural predicative second-person)
gošâdid (plural predicative second-person)
گشادین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
gošâdin (plural predicative second-person)
گشاد است (predicative singular third-person)
gošâd ast (predicative singular third-person)
گشاده (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
gošâde (predicative singular third-person)
گشادند (plural predicative third-person)
gošâdand (plural predicative third-person)
گشادن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
gošâdan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Turkish: küşat

[ɡu.ʃɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ɡ̥o.ʃɒ́ːd̪̥]


بی‌وفا

بیوَفا • (bi-vafâ)

بیوَفا (canonical)
bi-vafâ (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: bivəfa

→ Chagatai: بی وفا

Uyghur: بىۋاپا (biwapa)

Uzbek: bevafo

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बेवफ़ा (bevafā)

Urdu: بے وَفا (be vafā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بی وفا (bi vefa)

Turkish: bivefa

→ Punjabi: بے وَفا (be vafā)

→ Turkmen: biwepa

af

بیـ<alt:بیـ>


بین‌المللی

بینالمللی (canonical)
beyna-l-melali (romanization)

Fa-بین المللی.ogg

From Arabic بَيْنَ ٱلْمِلَلِ (bayna l-milali, “between the nations”) + the Persian ending ی (-i). The Arabic word مِلّة (milla) is used in the uncommon or dated sense “people, nation”, which is current in Persian ملت (mellat). Compare Turkish beynelmilel (“international”). In Arabic itself, the word دُوَلِيّ (duwaliyy) has become standardised for “international”.

der

بَيْنَ ٱلْمِلَلِ

آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی

âžâns-e beyno-l-melali-ye enerži-ye atomi

صندوق بینالمللی پول

sandoq or sanduq-e beyno-l-melali-ye pul


پتی

May be related to Middle Persian p(y)t' (*pid, “meat, flesh”).


مهربان

→ Armenian: մեհրիբան (mehriban)

→ Azerbaijani: mehriban

→ Bengali: মেহেরবান (meherban)

→ Chagatai: مهربان

Uyghur: مېھرىبان (mëhriban)

Uzbek: mehribon

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मेहरबान (meharbān)

Urdu: مہربان (mehrbān)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: مهربان (mihrban, mihriban)

→ Turkmen: mähriban

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mtr'pʾn' /mihrbān/). Compare Parthian [script needed] (myhrbʾn /mihrbān/). Related to مهر (mehr, “kindness, love”).


مواظب

fa-adj

مُواظِب • (movâzeb) (comparative مُواظِبتَر (movâzeb-tar), superlative مُواظِبتَرین (movâzeb-tarin))

مُواظِب (canonical)
movâzeb (romanization)
مُواظِبتَر (comparative)
مُواظِبتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُوَاظِب (muwāẓib).

مواظب باش.


رنگین

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: رنگین (raṅgīn)

Hindi: रंगीन (raṅgīn)

→ Bengali: রঙিন (roṅin)


منزه

Borrowed from Arabic مُنَزَّه (munazzah).


پلید

fa-adj

پلید • (palid) (comparative پلیدتَر (palid-tar), superlative پلیدتَرین (palid-tarin))

palid (romanization)
پلیدتَر (comparative)
پلیدتَرین (superlative)

→ Georgian: ფლიდი (plidi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पलीद (palīd)

Urdu: پلید (palīd)

[pʰæ.líːd̪̥]

شنیدم که وقتی امیری بدین شهر آمده بود، فرموده بود که راه آن پلیدیها و آبهای پلید از آن باز بندد، چون چنین کردند آب دریا گنده شد، چنانکه نمیشایست خوردن، باز فرمود تا همهٔ راه آبهای چرکین که بود بگشودند، باز آب دریا خوش شد.

I heard that one time, a prince came to this city and ordered that the passages carrying filth and filthy water should be blocked. When this was done, the water of the Sea [of Galilee] became stinking, to the point that it was impossible to drink. He ordered again that all the passages for the dirty water should be opened, and the Sea's water became clean again.

šinīdam ki waqtē amīrē bad-īn šahr āmada būd, farmūda būd ki rāh-i ān palīdī-hā u ān āb-hā-yi palīd az bāz bandad, čōn čunīn kardand āb-i daryā ganda šud, čunānki na-mē-šāyist xwardan, bāz farmūd tā hama-yi rāh-i āb-hā-yi čirkēn bugšudand, bāz āb-i daryā xwaš šud.

روح پلید


راحت

راحت • (râhat) (comparative راحتتَر (râhat-tar), superlative راحتتَرین (râhat-tarin))

râhat (romanization)
راحتتَر (comparative)
راحتتَرین (superlative)


خسیس

خسیس • (xasis) (comparative خسیستَر (xasis-tar), superlative خسیستَرین (xasis-tarin))

xasis (romanization)
خسیستَر (comparative)
خسیستَرین (superlative)

گِناس

Southern Lori, Bakhtiyari dialects of Persian


بی‌رنگ

بیرنگ (canonical)
bi-rang (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: بیرنگ (bē-rang)

Hindi: बेरंग (bē-rang)

[biː.ɹǽŋɡʲ̥]

From بیـ + رنگ.


راستگو

راستگو • (râstgu) (comparative راستگوتَر (râstgu-tar), superlative راستگوتَرین (râstgu-tarin))

râstgu (romanization)
راستگوتَر (comparative)
راستگوتَرین (superlative)

[rɔːst̪.ɡʊː]

[ɹɒːst̪.ɡuː]


باریک

باریک • (bârik) (comparative باریکتَر (bârik-tar), superlative باریکتَرین (bârik-tarin))

bârik (romanization)
باریکتَر (comparative)
باریکتَرین (superlative)

→ Gujarati: બારીક (bārīk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बारीक (bārīk)

Urdu: بارِیک (bārīk)

→ Marathi: बारीक (bārīk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਰੀਕ (barīk)

Shahmukhi script: بَرِیک (barīk)

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠞꠤꠇ (barik)

From Middle Persian bʾlyk (bārīg/k, “thin, fine subtle”). Akin to Old Armenian բարակ (barak), an Iranian borrowing. One of a few adjectives that has preserved the final -g/k phoneme and did not undergo the regular sound change from Middle Persian to Modern Persian. Others include تاریک (târik, “dark”) and نزدیک (nazdik, “near”). Composed of Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “bank, river / lake bank”) + Middle Persian yk (īg, “suffix forming adjectives of relation, etc.”). For proposed etymology of Middle Persian bʾl (bār, “bank, river / lake bank”), refer to Persian بار (bār, “bank, river / lake bank, shore”).


مریض

fa-adj

مریض • (mariz) (comparative مریضتَر (mariz-tar), superlative مریضتَرین (mariz-tarin))

mariz (romanization)
مریضتَر (comparative)
مریضتَرین (superlative)
مریضم (first-person predicative singular)
marizam (first-person predicative singular)
مریضیم (first-person plural predicative)
marizim (first-person plural predicative)
مریضی (predicative second-person singular)
marizi (predicative second-person singular)
مریضید (plural predicative second-person)
marizid (plural predicative second-person)
مریضین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
marizin (plural predicative second-person)
مریض است (predicative singular third-person)
mariz ast (predicative singular third-person)
مریضه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
marize (predicative singular third-person)
مریضند (plural predicative third-person)
marizand (plural predicative third-person)
مریضن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
marizan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मरीज़ (marīz)

Urdu: مریض (marīz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰੀਜ਼ (marīz)

Shahmukhi script: مریض (marīz)


مک

(colloquial) complete, round (not lacking)


باستانی

باستانی • (bâstâni)

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[bɒːs.t̪ʰɒː.níː]

From باستان (bâstân, “ancient era”) + ـی (-i).


رویا

fa-adj

رویا • (rōyā／ruyâ)

From روی (rōy／ruy) + ـا (-ā／-â). From رستن (rastan).


نیرومند

نیرومند • (nirumand) (comparative نیرومندتَر (nirumand-tar), superlative نیرومندتَرین (nirumand-tarin))

nirumand (romanization)
نیرومندتَر (comparative)
نیرومندتَرین (superlative)


خونین

خونین • (xunin) (comparative خونینتَر (xunin-tar), superlative خونینتَرین (xunin-tarin))

xunin (romanization)
خونینتَر (comparative)
خونینتَرین (superlative)


نژادی

نِژادی • (nežâdi)

نِژادی (canonical)
nežâdi (romanization)


مفصل

Borrowed from Arabic مُفَصَّل (mufaṣṣal).


خراب

fa-adj

خراب • (xarâb)

ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed

(chiefly Dari) out of order (machine, etc)


اولی

head

اولیٰ • (ulâ)


خسته

→ Armenian: խաստա (xasta)

→ Azerbaijani: xəstə

→ Gujarati: ખસ્તા (khastā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خسته (hasta)
Turkish: hasta
→ Laz: ხასტა (xasťa)

خسته نباشید

an expression of thanks or praise for someone who just did or is doing a task (literally, “don't be tired”)


کهنه

fa-adj

کهنه • (kohne) (comparative کهنهتَر (kohne-tar), superlative کهنهتَرین (kohne-tarin))

kohne (romanization)
کهنهتَر (comparative)
کهنهتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: köhnə

→ Chagatai: کهنه

Uyghur: كونا (kona)

Uzbek: koʻhna

→ Kazakh: көне (köne)

→ Khalaj: kôna

→ Ottoman Turkish: كهنه (köhne)

Turkish: köhne

Cognate with Khotanese kuhana- (“old”), etc.


خصمانه

خصمانه • (xasmâne)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خصمانه (hasmane)

Turkish: hasmane

From Arabic خَصْم (ḵaṣm, “adversary”) and the adjective-forming suffix ـانه (-âne).


جاودان

جاودان • (jâvedân)

[d͡ʒɑː.wi.ˈðɑːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

پس وفاگر را چه بخشم تو بدان
گنجها و ملکهای جاودان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3843:

What then do I bestow on the doer of righteousness? Know thou,
 (I bestow) treasures and kingdoms everlasting.

pas wafā-gar rā či baxšam tū bi-dān
ganj-hā u mulk-hā-i jāwidān

eternal, everlasting, self-perpetuating, sempiternal living, immortal


نورانی

نورانی • (nurâni)

→ Middle Armenian: նուրանի (nurani)

Analyzable as نور (nur) + ـانی (-âni); compare خوبانی (xubâni). Possibly borrowed from, modeled after, or influenced by Arabic نُورَانِيّ (nūrāniyy).

در شب، نورانی است.

عقل نورانی و نیکو طالبست، نفس ظلمانی برو چون غالبست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2557:

The intellect is luminous and a seeker of good: how [then] does the dark fleshly soul prevail over it?

'aql nurâni o niku tâleb-ast, nafs-e zolmâni bar u čon ğâleb-ast


امین

امین • (amin) (comparative امینتَر (amin-tar), superlative امینتَرین (amin-tarin))

amin (romanization)
امینتَر (comparative)
امینتَرین (superlative)


صادق

صادق • (sâdeq) (comparative صادقتَر (sâdeq-tar), superlative صادقتَرین (sâdeq-tarin))

sâdeq (romanization)
صادقتَر (comparative)
صادقتَرین (superlative)


راس

راست راست#Persian


بندری

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bän̪.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[bæn̪.d̪æ.ɹíː]

(Iran) of, or relating to, Bandar Abbas or the Gulf coast of Iran


المزده

From الم (alam, “pain”) + زده (zade, “struck”).


لرزان

fa-adj

لرزان • (larzân)

Turkish: lerzan / lerzân (obsolete)


چشم براه

چشم براه • (češom-berâh)


کنجکاو

کنجکاو • (konjkâv) (comparative کنجکاوتَر (konjkâv-tar), superlative کنجکاوتَرین (konjkâv-tarin))

konjkâv (romanization)
کنجکاوتَر (comparative)
کنجکاوتَرین (superlative)


کوبیده

Past participle of کوبیدن (kôbidan, “to pound, hammer”).

کوفته قهوۀ کوبیده

kufte qahve-ye kubide/kōfta qahwa-yi kōbīda


مرید

stubborn, perverse, unruly, disobedient, obstinate


والا

والا • (vâlâ)

Derived from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾl-ytn' /wāl-īdan/, “to grow, to prosper”), whence modern بالیدن (bâlidan, “to grow, to brag”). Doublet of بالا (bâlâ), derived with the same suffix from a different form of the same verb.

der

بنگر بچرخ و کوکبه لشکر نجوم
کانها فروغ گوهر والای مسطفا

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 70:

Look at the firmament and the pomp of the astral host,
For they are a light from Muhammad's lofty essence.

bingar ba-čarx u kawkaba-yi laškar-i nujūm
k-ānhā furūğ-i gawhar-i wālā-yi mustafā


عفو

عفو و غفور ― 'afovv va ğafur ― (God) the pardoner and forgiver


وش

Borrowed from a Northwestern Iranian cognate of Persian خوش (xwaš) and thus a doublet of خوش (xwaš); see it for more.

good, excellent, choice, beautiful, fair


گنگ

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: [Term?] (“conduit”)

Azerbaijani: küng

→ Armenian: քունգ (kʻung)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كنك (künk)
Turkish: künk
→ Albanian: qynke, çungu
→ Armenian: քիւնկ (kʻiwnk)
→ Aromanian: ciunge, ciungu
→ Bulgarian: кюнк (kjunk), кю́нец (kjúnec)
→ Greek: κιούγκι (kioúgki)
→ Macedonian: ќунк (ḱunk)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћу̏нак, чу̏нак
Latin script: ćȕnak, čȕnak

desc

→ Turkmen: güň (mute and deaf at the same time)

Perhaps developed from the sense “to mock, hum”. Usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”).

(obsolete) crooked, hurled, of a bent back


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]

کلمه فتوّت مشتق است از فتی.
kalame-ye fotovvat moštaq ast az fatâ.
The word فتوّت (fotovvat, “manliness, chivalry”) is derived from فتی (fatâ, “young man”).


نمکین

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮਕੀਨ (namkīn)

Shahmukhi script: نمکین (namkīn)

From نمک (namak, “salt”) + ـین (-in, “adjective-forming suffix”).


آماده

fa-adj

آماده • (âmâde)

[ʔɑː.mɑː.ˈða]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.mɔː.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.mɒː.d̪é]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫀𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫃 (ʾmʾdg /āmādag/, “ready, prepared”), from Proto-Iranian *āmaH-, from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *maH- (“to measure”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare Avestan 𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀- (āmāta-), Sanskrit माति (māti, “measure, knowledge”), Ancient Greek μῆτῐς (mêtis, “skill, counsel, plan”).
By surface analysis, the past participle of آمادن (âmâdan, “to prepare”).


احمر

باز تره در دو ماه اندر رسد / باز تا سالی گل احمر رسد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2593:

Vegetables, again, reach maturity in two months, while the red rose comes red in a year.

bâz dar du mâh andar rasid / bâz tâ sâl-i gul ahmar rasid


دوستانه

fa-adj

دوستانه • (dustâne) (comparative دوستانهتَر (dustâne-tar), superlative دوستانهتَرین (dustâne-tarin))

dustâne (romanization)
دوستانهتَر (comparative)
دوستانهتَرین (superlative)

→ Hindustani:

→ Devanagari script: दोस्ताना (dōstānā)

→ Arabic script: دوسْتَانَہ (dōstānah)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਦੋਸਤਾਨਾ (dōstānā)

desc

→ Shahmukhi script: دوسْتَانَہ (dōstānah)

→ Bengali script: দোস্তানা (dōstānā)

→ Sindhi:

→ Devanagari script: दोस्ताणो (dōstāṇō)

→ Arabic script: دوستاڻو (dōstāṇō)

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur: دوستانە (dostane)

→ Uzbek: do‘stona

[d̪ʊːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

From دوست + ـانه.


دشت

fa-adj

دشت • (došt) (comparative دشتتَر (došt-tar), superlative دشتتَرین (došt-tarin))

došt (romanization)
دشتتَر (comparative)
دشتتَرین (superlative)

From or related to Proto-Iranian *duš-. Cognate with Sanskrit दुष्ट (duṣṭa).


جاود

جاود • (jâved)

[d͡ʒɑː.ˈwið]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɑː.wɪ́d̪]

[d͡ʒɔː.wíd̪̥]

[d͡ʒɒː.véd̪̥]

Akin to Old Armenian յաւէտ (yawēt), an Iranian borrowing.


روانی

روانی • (ravâni)

[ɹæ.vɒː.níː]

اعتیاد یک بیماری روانیست.


دلبند

From دل (del, “heart”) + بند (band-), بستن (bastan). See also دل بستن (del bastan, “to love”).


عجانی

عجانی • ('ejâni)

From عجان + ـی.


همایون

head

همایون • (homâyun)

fa-noun

همایون • (homâyun)

→ Azerbaijani: hümayun

→ Bengali: হুমায়ুন (humaẏun)

→ Chagatai: همایون

Uyghur: ھۇمايۇن (humayun)

Uzbek: humoyun

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हुमायूँ (humāyū̃)

Urdu: ہمایوں (humāyū̃)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: همایون (hümayun)
Turkish: hümayun

From Middle Persian hwmʾy (humāy, “a bird of good omen; eagle”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬀 (humāiia, “blessed”), Sanskrit सुमाय (su-māyá, “having excellent counsels or plans, very wise”). All composed of Proto-Iranian *māyā- (“blessing, happiness”) and the prefix *hu- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.
Related to Old Armenian հմայք (hmaykʻ, “witchcraft, divination”).


آبادان

fa-adj

آبادان • (âbâdân)

[ʔɑː.βɑː.ˈðɑːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[ʔɒːbɒːd̪ɒn]

[ʔɒːbɒːd̪ɒːn]

From آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated”) + ـان (ân).


بی‌خبر

بیخبر (canonical)
bi-xabar (romanization)

→ Armenian: բեխաբար (bexabar)

→ Punjabi: ਬੇਖਬਰ (bekhbar)

→ Turkish: bihaber

→ Urdu: بے خبر (be-xabar)

From بیـ (bi-, “without”) + خبر (xabar, “news, information”).


مادری

fa-adj

مادری • (mâdari)

[mɑː.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[mɑː.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[mɑː.d̪ä.ɾíː]

[mɔː.d̪ä.ɾí]

[mɒː.d̪æ.ɹíː]


دروند

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (druwand /dlwnd/, “sinful, unrighteous [one]”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (druuaṇt), 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah-wánts (“follower of the Lie”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan).


دری

→ Ottoman Turkish: دری (derî)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dłyk' /darīg/, “of the court”). By surface analysis, در (dar, “door, gate”) + ـی (-i). Compare Russian придворный (pridvornyj) with the same meaning, from the same root Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.
Originally a more poetic or archaic synonym of فارسی (fârsi, “Persian”), referring to all dialects. It was adopted in the 1900s to refer specifically to the varieties of Persian spoken in Afghanistan.


دری

گویی بط سفید جامه به صابون زده است
کبک دری ساق پای در قدح خون زده است

c. 1030, Manuchehri, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

You would say the white duck has washed its robes with soap,
That the valley partridge has dipped its feet in a cup of blood.

gūyī batt-i safēd jāma ba sābūn zada ast
kabk-i darī sāq-i pāy dar qadah-i xūn zada ast


مقدماتی

fa-adj

مُقَدَّماتی • (moqaddamâti)

مُقَدَّماتی (canonical)
moqaddamâti (romanization)


لس

Probably from dialectal or colloquial form of original *لست, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lad- (“slow, weary”). Akin to Mazanderani لس (lass, “slow”).


غوره

fa-adj

غوره • (ğure)

Related to Northern Kurdish cûr, jûr, Middle Armenian ժուռ (žuṙ).

unripe, green (of grapes, dates, olives)


بیمار

بیمار • (bimâr) (comparative بیمارتَر (bimâr-tar), superlative بیمارتَرین (bimâr-tarin))

bimâr (romanization)
بیمارتَر (comparative)
بیمارتَرین (superlative)
بیمارم (first-person predicative singular)
bimâram (first-person predicative singular)
بیماریم (first-person plural predicative)
bimârim (first-person plural predicative)
بیماری (predicative second-person singular)
bimâri (predicative second-person singular)
بیمارید (plural predicative second-person)
bimârid (plural predicative second-person)
بیمارین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
bimârin (plural predicative second-person)
بیمار است (predicative singular third-person)
bimâr ast (predicative singular third-person)
بیماره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
bimâre (predicative singular third-person)
بیمارند (plural predicative third-person)
bimârand (plural predicative third-person)
بیمارن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
bimâran (plural predicative third-person)

→ Assamese: বেমাৰ (bemar)

→ Gujarati: બીમાર (bīmār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बीमार (bīmār)

Urdu: بیمار (bīmār)

→ Odia: ବେମାରିଆ (bemāriā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیمار (bîmâr)

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭩𐭬𐭠𐭫 (wēmār, “sick, ill”), from Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁- (“to spew, vomit”) + ār (agent suffix). Cognate with Latin vomō (“be sick, vomit”), Northern Kurdish bîvêr.


دلچسپ

fa-adj

دلچسپ • (delčasp) (comparative دلچسپتَر (delčasp-tar), superlative دلچسپتَرین (delčasp-tarin))

delčasp (romanization)
دلچسپتَر (comparative)
دلچسپتَرین (superlative)

From Classical Persian دل (dil, “heart”) + چسپ (časp, “glue”).


جلد

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जल्द (jald)

Urdu: جلد (jald)

→ Bengali: জলদ (jolod)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (compare Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos)). Akin to Persian یل (yal, “hero, warrior”).

جلدی بیا!


مجهول

مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول
معروف و مجهول#Persian

(Classical Persian, Dari) majhul (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).


برز

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwlc /burz/, “high”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-. Akin to Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫡𐫉 (bwrz /burz/, “high, lofty”) and Old Georgian ბორცჳ (borcwi, “hill”), an Iranian borrowing.


صلاح

fa-adj

صلاح • (salâh)


دژند

Akin to Old Armenian դաժան (dažan); an Iranian borrowing.


دژن

From Parthian djn (dažn, “hot, spicy”), from the Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-. Akin to Old Armenian դաժան (dažan); an Iranian borrowing.


دژم

dežam (romanization)
dožam (romanization)

Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بدو گفت مهتر به روی دژم -- که برگوی تا از که دیدی ستم

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


انبارده

انبارده • (anbârde)

Past participle of انباردن (anbârdan). Akin to Old Armenian ամբարտակ (ambartak); an Iranian borrowing.


تک

From Ottoman Turkish تك (tek, “single”), from Proto-Turkic *tēk.
Or from Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian tʾk (tāg, “item, unit; alone, single”), Persian تا (tâ, “item, unit; plait, fold, ply”).


شبی

fa-adj

شبی • (šabi)

From شب (šab). Akin to Old Armenian շապիկ (šapik); an Iranian borrowing.


بری

ای بت نامهربان این ستم از بهر چیست
بر دل بیچاره ای کز دل و از جان بریست

c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 245”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]:

O unkind idol, for what purpose is this injustice
Which you deal to my helpless heart, o you who are immune to heart and soul?

ay but-i nāmihrabān īn sitam az bahr-i čī-st
bar dil-i bēčāra ay k-az dil u az jān barī-st


خلاص

خلاص • (xalâs)

→ Gujarati: ખલાસ (khalās)


شرمنده

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਰਮਿੰਦਾ (śarmindā)

Shahmukhi script: شَرمِندَہ (śarmindah)

[ʃäɾ.män̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʃäɾ.män̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʃäɾ.män̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʃäɾ.män̪.d̪ǽ]

[ʃæɹ.mæn̪.d̪é]

[ʃäɾ.män̪.d̪ǽ]

From شرم (šarm, present stem of شرمیدن (šarmidan)) + ـنده (-ande).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">شرمیدن</i> (šarmidan)


نخست

From Middle Persian nxwst (naxwist, “first”), from Proto-Iranian *naxwist- (“first”), from Proto-Iranian *naxu- (“first, in front, high”), of unclear origin, with no known cognates outside Iranian. Cognate to Northern Kurdish nexrî ('first-born') and akin to Old Armenian նախ (nax), an Iranian borrowing.


شل

Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry up, wither”)


فوق‌العاده

فوقالعاده (canonical)
fowq-ol'âde (romanization)
fowq-al'âde (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic فَوْقَ الْعادة (fawqa al-ʕāda, literally “above the usual”).

bor+

فَوْقَ الْعادة

شهلا ریاحی بازیگر ایرانی فوقالعاده ای بود.
Shahla Riahi was a wonderful Iranian actress.


آمیخته

fa-adj

آمیخته • (âmêxte)


قابل

قابِل • (qâbel) (comparative قابِلتَر (qâbel-tar), superlative قابِلتَرین (qâbel-tarin))

قابِل (canonical)
qâbel (romanization)
قابِلتَر (comparative)
قابِلتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: qabil

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ाबिल (qābil)

Urdu: قابِل (qābil)

→ Punjabi: قابَل (qābal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قابل (kabil)

Turkish: kabil

قابلِ (qâbel-e) + توجه (tavajjoh, “attention”) → قابلِ توجه (qâbel-e tavajjoh, “noteworthy”)

قابلِ (qâbel-e) + قبول (qabul, “acceptance”) → قابلِ قبول (qâbel-e qabul, “acceptable”)

قابلِ (qâbel-e) + خوردن (xordan, “to eat”) → قابلِ خوردن (qâbel-e xordan, “edible”)

غیرِ (ğeyr-e) + قابلِ (qâbel-e) + کنترل (kontrol, “control”) → غیرِ قابلِ کنترل (ğeyr-e qâbel-e kontrol, “uncontrollable”)

Used with an ezâfe with a meaning equivalent to English -able, -ible.


پیش

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pyš /pēš/, “before, pre-, past, beside”), of unclear further origin. Multiple theories have been proposed:
* Horn takes the word as a derivative of Old Persian [script needed] (patiš, “against”), from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front; first”); this is rejected by Hubschmann.
* Nyberg considers the word as a southwestern dialectal form of Old Persian [script needed] (paišiyā, “in front, before”); however, he does not elaborate further.
* Gershevitch derives the word from Proto-Iranian *pasya-, from Proto-Iranian *pas- (“to observe, look”) (with phonetic assimilation of *sy- to š-, ala the shift from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah (“tortoise, turtle”) to Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise, turtle”)), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to see, look, observe”).
* Most likely, according to Edelman, is a derivation from an earlier Proto-Iranian *pati-aši- (“before or against one's eyes”), from Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”) + *Háši (“eye”), the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši (“eye”). This would make the word an exact cognate with Sanskrit प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakṣa, “present before the eyes, obvious, clear”).

cog

پنج ساعت پیش

هفته پیش


غایب

fa-adj

غایب • (ğâyeb)

→ Gujarati: ગાયબ (gāyab)

→ Kazakh: қайып (qaiyp)


بیگانه

بیگانه • (bigâne)

Inherited from Middle Persian byk'nk' (/bēgānag/, “stranger”). Cognate to Northern Kurdish biyanî.

ref

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bēgānag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18


نجومی

نُجومی (canonical)
nojumi (romanization)

نُجوم (nojum) + ـی (-i), or directly from Arabic نُجُومِيّ (nujūmiyy)


صعب

fa-adj

صعب • (sa'b) (comparative صعبتَر (sa'b-tar), superlative صعبتَرین (sa'b-tarin))

sa'b (romanization)
صعبتَر (comparative)
صعبتَرین (superlative)


چنین

چنین • (čonin)

Contraction of چون (čon, “such as”) and این (in, “this”).


پس

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭮 (ps /pas/, “then, afterwards, behind”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎿𐎠 (p-s-a /pasā/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pasčáH, from Proto-Indo-European *pos-(sḱ)-kʷéh₁.


پرکار

fa-adj

پُرکار • (por-kâr) (comparative پُرکارتَر (por-kâr-tar), superlative پُرکارتَرین (por-kâr-tarin))

پُرکار (canonical)
por-kâr (romanization)
پُرکارتَر (comparative)
پُرکارتَرین (superlative)

[pʰʊɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰʊɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰʊɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰuɾ.kʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰoɹ.kʰɒ́ːɹ]

[pʰuɾ.kʰɔ́ɾ]


باهوش

باهوش • (bâ-huš)

From با (bâ, “with”) + هوش (huš, “intellect”).

af

ور بداند ره دل با هوش او
کی رود هر های و هو در گوش او

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 4031:

But if his wise heart knows the way, how should every hey and ho go into his ear?

v-ar be-dânad rah del-e bâ-huš-e u
key ravad har hây o hu dar guš-e u


قدیمی

fa-adj

قَدیمی • (qadimi) (comparative قَدیمیتَر (qadimi-tar), superlative قَدیمیتَرین (qadimi-tarin))

قَدیمی (canonical)
qadimi (romanization)
قَدیمیتَر (comparative)
قَدیمیتَرین (superlative)

دوست قدیمی من

کشور قدیمی

old, ancient, not new, having existed for a long time (not of age; see also پیر (pir))


جدی

این نگاه امروز مورد قبول محققین جدّی نیست.

This point of view is no longer accepted by serious scholars.

in negâh emruz mowred-e qabul-e mohaqqeqin-e jeddi nist.


مفهوم

همه عالم گر این صورت ببینند
کس این معنی نخواهد کرد مفهوم

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Ghazal 428”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

[Even] if all the world sees this [outer] appearance,
Nobody will make its [inner] meaning understood.

hama ālam gar īn sūrat bibēnand
kas īn ma'nī na-xwāhad kard mafhūm


تهی

From Middle Persian twhyg (tuhīg, “empty; vain, illusory; barren”), from Proto-Iranian *tuŝyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuŝćyás, from Proto-Indo-European *tus-sḱ-yós, from *tews- (“to be empty”). Cognate with Vedic Sanskrit तुच्छ्य (tucchyá).

inh

1928-1980, Sohrab Sepehri, "قایقی خواهم ساخت"
قایق از تور تهی، و دل از آرزوی مروارید
qâyeq az tur tohi, va del az ârezu-ye morvârid


باردار

fa-adj

باردار • (bârdâr)

bârdâr (romanization)
باردار
bârdâr
باردار (ezafe)
bârdâr-e (ezafe)
بارداری (definite relative)
بارداری (indefinite stressed)
bârdâr-i (definite relative)
bârdâr-i (indefinite stressed)
باردارم (first-person possessive singular)
bârdâram (first-person possessive singular)
باردارمان (first-person plural possessive)
bârdâremân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
bârdâremun (first-person plural possessive)
باردارت (possessive second-person singular)
bârdârat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
bârdâret (possessive second-person singular)
باردارتان (plural possessive second-person)
bârdâretân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
bârdâretun (plural possessive second-person)
باردارش (possessive singular third-person)
bârdâraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
bârdâreš (possessive singular third-person)
باردارشان (plural possessive third-person)
bârdârešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
bârdârešun (plural possessive third-person)
باردارم (first-person predicative singular)
bârdâram (first-person predicative singular)
بارداریم (first-person plural predicative)
bârdârim (first-person plural predicative)
بارداری (predicative second-person singular)
bârdâri (predicative second-person singular)
باردارید (plural predicative second-person)
bârdârid (plural predicative second-person)
باردارین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
bârdârin (plural predicative second-person)
باردار است (predicative singular third-person)
bârdâr ast (predicative singular third-person)
بارداره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
bârdâre (predicative singular third-person)
باردارند (plural predicative third-person)
bârdârand (plural predicative third-person)
باردارن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
bârdâran (plural predicative third-person)

→ Gujarati: બારદાર (bārdār)

[bɑːɾ.ˈdɑːɾ]

[bɑːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[bɑːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[bɑːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[bɔːɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[bɒːɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From بار (bâr) + ـدار (dâr), literally “burden\weight keeper”.

af

خواهر فاطمه باردار است.
xâhar-e fâteme bârdâr ast.

خواهر فاطمه بارداره.

اگر یک بادکنک را با پارچهی پشمی بمالید، باردار میشود.

If you rub a balloon with a wool cloth, it gets charged.


بیشتر

fa-adj

بیشتر • (bištar)

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[beːʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[biːʃ.t̪ʰæɹ]

From بیش (biš, “more”) + ـتر (-tar, comparative suffix).


سیم

From سی (si, “thirty”) + ـم (-om, “-th, -eth (ordinal number suffix))”).


قادر

fa-adj

قادِر • (qâder) (comparative قادِرتَر (qâder-tar), superlative قادِرتَرین (qâder-tarin))

قادِر (canonical)
qâder (romanization)
قادِرتَر (comparative)
قادِرتَرین (superlative)

Tajik: қодир (qodir)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ादिर (qādir)

Urdu: قادِر (qādir)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਦਰ (kādar)

Shahmukhi script: قادر (qādar)

قادر بودن

سلطانِ قادر


شوروی

From شورا (šowrâ) + ـی (-i), from Arabic شُورَى (šūrā, “consultation”).

اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی

ettehâd-e jamâhir-e šowravi-ye sosiyâlisti


اخته

From Middle Mongol ᠠᠭᠲᠠ (aɣta); compare modern Mongolian агт (agt).


کتابی

کتابی • (ketâbi)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑː.bíː]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑː.bíː]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑː.bíː]

[kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒː.bíː]


مفید

مُفید • (mofid) (comparative مُفیدتَر (mofid-tar), superlative مُفیدتَرین (mofid-tarin))

مُفید (canonical)
mofid (romanization)
مُفیدتَر (comparative)
مُفیدتَرین (superlative)


خورشیدی

خورشیدی • (xoršidi)

From خورشید + ـی.


ستاره‌ای

ستارهای (canonical)
setâre-'i (romanization)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾä.ʔíː]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾä.ʔíː]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾä.jíː]

[se.t̪ʰɒːɹe.ʔíː]

From ستاره + ـی.


کثیف

کثیف • (kasif) (comparative کثیفتَر (kasif-tar), superlative کثیفتَرین (kasif-tarin))

kasif (romanization)
کثیفتَر (comparative)
کثیفتَرین (superlative)

تا نشناسی تو لطیف از کثیف
ماندهای اندر قفس آهنین

c. 1080, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, “Qaṣīda 191”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir-i Khusraw]:

As long as you do not tell apart the elegant from the filthy,
You will remain in the iron cage.

tā na-šināsī tu latīf az kasīf
mānda'ī andar qafas-i āhanīn


خوشگل‌ترین

خوشگلترین (canonical)
xošgel-tarin (romanization)

خوشگل خوشگل#Persian


خوشگل‌تر

خوشگلتر (canonical)
xošgel-tar (romanization)

خوشگل خوشگل#Persian


گشادتر

head

گشادتر • (gošâd-tar)

گشاد گشاد#Persian


گشادترین

گشادترین • (gošâd-tarin)

گشاد گشاد#Persian


گرم‌ترین

گرمترین (canonical)
garm-tarin (romanization)


گرم‌تر

گرمتر (canonical)
garm-tar (romanization)


ژرف‌تر

ژرفتر (canonical)
žarf-tar (romanization)


ژرف‌ترین

ژرفترین (canonical)
žarf-tarin (romanization)

/ʒæɾftæɾiːn/


بلندتر

بلند بلند#Persian


بلندترین

بلند بلند#Persian


بزرگ‌ترین

بزرگترین (canonical)
bozorg-tarin (romanization)

بزرگ بزرگ#Persian


خوب‌ترین

خوبترین (canonical)
xub-tarin (romanization)


خوب‌تر

خوبتر (canonical)
xub-tar (romanization)


بزرگ‌تر

بزرگتر (canonical)
bozorg-tar (romanization)

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[bʊ.zʊɾɡ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

بزرگ بزرگ#Persian


تمیزترین

تمیز تمیز#Persian


کوچک‌ترین

کوچکترین (canonical)
kuček-tarin (romanization)

کوچک کوچک#Persian


تمیزتر

تمیز تمیز#Persian


کوچک‌تر

کوچکتر (canonical)
kuček-tar (romanization)

کوچک کوچک#Persian


تاریک‌تر

تاریکتر (canonical)
târik-tar (romanization)

/tɒːɾiːktæɾ/

تاریک تاریک#Persian


شیرین‌ترین

شیرینترین (canonical)
širin-tarin (romanization)

شیرین شیرین#Persian


تاریک‌ترین

تاریکترین (canonical)
târik-tarin (romanization)

تاریک تاریک#Persian


شیرین‌تر

شیرینتر (canonical)
širin-tar (romanization)

/ʃiːɾiːntæɾ/

شیرین شیرین#Persian


نجس‌ترین

نجسترین (canonical)
najas-tarin (romanization)


نجس‌تر

نجستر (canonical)
najas-tar (romanization)


نزدیک‌ترین

نزدیکترین (canonical)
nazdik-tarin (romanization)

نزدیک نزدیک#Persian


نزدیک‌تر

نزدیکتر (canonical)
nazdik-tar (romanization)

نزدیک نزدیک#Persian


پلیدترین

پلید پلید#Persian


پلیدتر

پلید پلید#Persian


رشت

fa-adj

رشت • (rošt)

Compare روز (ruz) and روشن (rošan). All from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).


رشت

fa-adj

رشت • (rašt)

Akin to Old Armenian երաշտ (erašt, “dry; drought”), an Iranian borrowing.


پریشان

fa-adj

پریشان • (parêšân) (comparative پریشانتَر (parêšân-tar), superlative پریشانتَرین (parêšân-tarin))

parêšân (romanization)
پریشانتَر (comparative)
پریشانتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: pərişan

→ Bengali: পেরেশান (pereśan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परेशान (pareśān)

Urdu: پَریشَان (pareśān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پریشان (perişan)
Turkish: perişan
→ Armenian: (Constantinople) փէրուշան (pʻērušan), (Van) փա̈րիշա̈ն (pʻärišän)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੇਸ਼ਾਨ (pareśān)

Shahmukhi script: پریشان (pareśān)

[pʰä.ɾeː.ʃɑːn]

[pʰä.ɾeː.ʃɑːn]

[pʰä.ɾeː.ʃɑːn]

[pʰä.ɾeː.ʃɔːn]

[pʰæ.ɹiː.ʃɒːn]

From Classical Persian پریش (parēš) + Classical Persian ـان (-ān).


ستنبه

Akin to Old Armenian ստամբակ (stambak), an Iranian borrowing.

contumacious, litigious, unwilling to listen


سنگین‌ترین

سنگینترین (canonical)
sangin-tarin (romanization)

سنگین سنگین#Persian


سنگین‌تر

سنگینتر (canonical)
sangin-tar (romanization)

سنگین سنگین#Persian


شدنی

fa-adj

شُدَنی • (šodani) (comparative شُدَنیتَر (šodani-tar), superlative شُدَنیتَرین (šodani-tarin))

شُدَنی (canonical)
šodani (romanization)
شُدَنیتَر (comparative)
شُدَنیتَرین (superlative)


بالغ‌تر

head

بالغتر • (bâleğ-tar)

بالغتر (canonical)
bâleğ-tar (romanization)

بالغ بالغ#Persian


بالغ‌ترین

بالغترین • (bâleğ-tarin)

بالغترین (canonical)
bâleğ-tarin (romanization)

بالغ بالغ#Persian


مثبت‌ترین

مثبتترین (canonical)
mosbat-tarin (romanization)

مثبت مثبت#Persian


بامزه‌ترین

بامزهترین (canonical)
bâmaze-tarin (romanization)

بامزه بامزه#Persian


باریک‌ترین

باریکترین (canonical)
bârik-tarin (romanization)

باریک باریک#Persian


باحال‌ترین

باحالترین • (bâhâl-tarin)

باحالترین (canonical)
bâhâl-tarin (romanization)

باحال باحال#Persian


بیمارترین

بیمار بیمار#Persian


مغرورتر

مغرور مغرور#Persian


باریک‌تر

باریکتر (canonical)
bârik-tar (romanization)

/bɒːɾiːktæɾ/

باریک باریک#Persian


بیمارتر

/biːmɒːɾtæɾ/

بیمار بیمار#Persian


باحال‌تر

باحالتر • (bâhâl-tar)

باحالتر (canonical)
bâhâl-tar (romanization)

/bɒːhɒːltæɾ/

باحال باحال#Persian


ساده‌تر

سادهتر (canonical)
sâde-tar (romanization)

ساده ساده#Persian


مغرورترین

مغرور مغرور#Persian


قشنگ‌ترین

قشنگترین (canonical)
qašang-tarin (romanization)

قشنگ قشنگ#Persian


زیباتر

زیبا زیبا#Persian


زیباترین

زیبا زیبا#Persian


مثبت‌تر

مثبتتر (canonical)
mosbat-tar (romanization)

مثبت مثبت#Persian


ساده‌ترین

سادهترین (canonical)
sâde-tarin (romanization)

ساده ساده#Persian


تازه‌ترین

تازهترین (canonical)
tâze-tarin (romanization)

تازه تازه#Persian


پشمالوتر

پشمالوتر • (pašmâlu-tar)

پشمالو پشمالو#Persian