حلال

fa-adj

حلال • (halâl) (comparative حلالتَر (halâl-tar), superlative حلالتَرین (halâl-tarin))

halâl (romanization)
حلالتَر (comparative)
حلالتَرین (superlative)


حسن

ای مرا هم روز و هم شب تیره در اندوه تو
وی ترا رخسار و زلف هر دو بر وجه حسن

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 82:

O you who make both my days and nights dark with grief for you,
Both your cheeks and your locks of hair are pleasing!

ay ma-rā ham rōz u ham šab tēra dar andōh-i tō
u-ay tu-rā ruxsār u zulf har dō bar wajh-i hasan


مسلم

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَلَّم (musallam).

bor+

هرچند مسلم شودت دهر سلیمی
در دیده میاور تو چنین مختصری را

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 106:

Even though Selim's destiny is obvious to you,
Do not appear [only] so briefly before his eyes.

harčand musallam šawadat dahr-i salīmī
dar dīda miyāwar tō čunīn muxtisarī rā

indisputable, incontrovertible, certain, taken for granted


مصر

مُصِرّ (canonical)
moserr (romanization)


اردو

fa-adj

اُرْدو • (ordu)

Dari: اردو (urdū)

Iranian Persian: اردو (ordu)

Tajik: урду (urdu), Урду (Urdu)

→ Bengali: উর্দু (urdu)

→ Gujarati: ઉર્દૂ (urdū)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उर्दू (urdū)

Urdu: اُرْدُو (urdū)

→ Kannada: ಉರ್ದೂ (urdū)

→ Marathi: उर्दू (urdū)

→ Nepali: उर्दु (urdu), उर्दू (urdū)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਉਰਦੂ (uradū)

Shahmukhi script: اُرْدُو (urdū)

→ Telugu: ఉర్దూ (urdū)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”) (see Azerbaijani ordu, Turkish ordu, Turkmen orda). Compare horde.


فارسی

fa-adj

فارْسی • (fârsi)

From Arabic فَارِسِيّ (fārisiyy), from Early New Persian پَارْسِی (pārsī, “Persian, Persic”).

تویِ شیراز یِه فَرْشِ فارْسی خَریدَم.


ایتالیایی

ایتالیایی • (itâliyâyi)


جهان

جهان • (jehân)

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]

From جه (jeh, present stem of جستن (jastan, “to leap”)) + ـان (-ân).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">جستن</i> (jastan, “to leap”)

تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:

[…] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān


واحد

fa-adj

واحد • (vâhed)


جدا

جُدا • (jodâ)

→ Azerbaijani: cüda

→ Gujarati: જુદું (judũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुदा (judā)

Urdu: جُدا (judā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جدا (cüdā)

> Turkish: cüda (inherited)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੁਦਾ (judā)

Shahmukhi script: جُدا (judā)

→ Uyghur: جۇدا (juda)

[d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒu.d̪ɔ́ː]

[d͡ʒo.d̪ɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian ywdtʾk' (ǰudāg, “separate, different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yutás (“separate”).

inh

هم سخن دیدی تو خود را با خدا
ای بسا کاو زین گمان افتد جدا

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 340:

You regarded yourself as speaking (confidentially) with God.
Oh, (there is) many a one that becomes separated (from God) by this opinion.

ham suxan dīdī tū xwad rā bā xudā
ay basā k-ō z-īn gumān uftad judā


ترکی

fa-adj

تُرْکی • (torki)

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰʊɾ.kʰíː]

[t̪ʰoɹ.kʰʲíː]


زیتونی

رنگ زیتونی


بالغ

بالغ • (bâleğ) (comparative بالغتَر (bâleğ-tar), superlative بالغتَرین (bâleğ-tarin))

bâleğ (romanization)
بالغتَر (comparative)
بالغتَرین (superlative)


کشتی

کِشْتی • (kešti)

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]

[kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]


انگریزی

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

Borrowed from Hindustani अंग्रेज़ी (aṅgrezī) / اَن٘گْریزِی (aṅgrezī). By surface analysis, انگریز (angrēz, “English (person)”) + ـی (-ī, noun or adjective forming suffix).

surf

ـی<pos:noun or adjective forming suffix>

انگلیسی انگلیسی#Persian

(colloquial Dari) synonym of انگلیسی (inglīsī, “English, British”)


چندین

fa-adj

چَندین • (čandin)

چَندین (canonical)
čandin (romanization)

[t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪íːn]

[t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪íːn]

[t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪íːn]

[t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ín]

[t͡ʃʰæn̪.d̪íːn]

[t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ín]

چندین هزار کیلومتر


زیاد

زیاد • (ziyâd) (comparative زیادتَر (ziyâd-tar), superlative زیادتَرین (ziyâd-tarin))

ziyâd (romanization)
زیادتَر (comparative)
زیادتَرین (superlative)

زیاد خوردم.


شهوتی

šahvati (romanization)
شهوتیام (first-person predicative singular)
šahvatí-am (first-person predicative singular)
شهوتیایم (first-person plural predicative)
šahvatí-im (first-person plural predicative)
شهوتیای (predicative second-person singular)
šahvatí-i (predicative second-person singular)
شهوتیاید (plural predicative second-person)
šahvatí-id (plural predicative second-person)
شهوتیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
šahvatí-in (plural predicative second-person)
شهوتی است (predicative singular third-person)
šahvatí ast (predicative singular third-person)
شهوتیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
šahvatí-e (predicative singular third-person)
شهوتیاند (plural predicative third-person)
šahvatí-and (plural predicative third-person)
شهوتیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
šahvatí-an (plural predicative third-person)

[ʃäɦ.wä.t̪ʰiː]

[ʃäɦ.wä.t̪ʰiː]

[ʃɑː.wä.t̪ʰiː]

[ʃæɦ.væ.t̪ʰiː]


بند

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Compare Old Armenian բանտ (bant, “prison”), an Iranian borrowing. More at band, bind. Doublet of باند (bând).


یخ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यख़ (yax)

Urdu: یخ (yax)

From Proto-Iranian *Háyxam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Compare Ossetian их (ix), Pashto يخ (yax), Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian ех (ex, “ice”), German Eis, English ice.


نهار

نهار • (nahâr)

See the main entry. Perhaps the same as Etymology 2.

ناهار ناهار#Persian

Alternative form of ناهار (nâhâr, “not having eaten after waking up”).


انسانی

انسانی • (ensâni)

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْسَانِيّ (ʔinsāniyy).


آزاد

fa-adj

آزاد • (âzâd) (comparative آزادتَر (âzâd-tar), superlative آزادتَرین (âzâd-tarin))

âzâd (romanization)
آزادتَر (comparative)
آزادتَرین (superlative)
آزادم (first-person predicative singular)
âzâdam (first-person predicative singular)
آزادیم (first-person plural predicative)
âzâdim (first-person plural predicative)
آزادی (predicative second-person singular)
âzâdi (predicative second-person singular)
آزادید (plural predicative second-person)
âzâdid (plural predicative second-person)
آزادین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âzâdin (plural predicative second-person)
آزاد است (predicative singular third-person)
âzâd ast (predicative singular third-person)
آزاده (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âzâde (predicative singular third-person)
آزادند (plural predicative third-person)
âzâdand (plural predicative third-person)
آزادن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âzâdan (plural predicative third-person)

[ʔɔː.zɔːd̪̥]

[ʔɒː.zɒːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian ʾcʾt' (/āzād/, “noble; free”), from Old Persian *𐎠𐏀𐎠𐎫 (*a-z-a-t /āzāta-/), a northwestern borrowing from Proto-Iranian *āzāta-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬙𐬀 (āzāta, “noble”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫅 (ʾʾzʾd /āzād/), and Parthian 𐭀𐭆𐭀𐭕 (ʾzʾt /āzāt/, “noble”). Akin to Old Armenian ազատ (azat), Georgian აზატი (azaṭi), Iranian borrowings.
Ultimately from the past participle of Proto-Iranian *zan- (“to be born”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-, originally meaning “born (into the clan)” and, by extension, “noble” and “free”.


پر

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/purr/), from Proto-Iranian *pr̥Hnáh (compare Northern Kurdish pirr (“much, very, many”), Central Kurdish پڕ (pirr, “full”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hnás (compare Old Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (pər^əna), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (compare Russian по́лный (pólnyj), Lithuanian pilnas, Italian pieno, Welsh llawn, English full).


چینی

fa-adj

چینی • (čini)

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

زبان چینی


سوری

Borrowed from Iranian with suffix ـی (-i) attached, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cuxráh (“red”). Doublet of سرخ (sorx) which was inherited. Compare Central Kurdish سوور (sûr, “red”), Pashto سور (sur, “red”), Northern Luri سور (sur, “red”).

تجلی گر نگردی رنگ این می در گل سوری
ز عشقش روز و شب افغان نکردی بلبل شیدا

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Had the hue of this wine not been manifest in the red rose,
The frenzied nightingale would not cry out day and night out of love for it.

tajalli gar na-gardi rang-e in mey dar gol-e suri
ze ešq-aš ruz o šab afğân na-kardi bolbol-e šeydâ


واجب

واجب • (vâjeb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਜਬ (vājab)

Shahmukhi script: واجب (vājab)

[wɑː.ˈd͡ʒiβ]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɔː.d͡ʒíb̥]

[vɒː.d͡ʒéb̥]


مفتوح

[mäf.t̪ʰúːʱ]

[mäf.t̪ʰúːʱ]

[mæf.t̪ʰúːʰ]

[mäf.t̪ʰɵ́ʰ]

آقای زیباکلام سه پرونده قضائی مفتوح داشت. اتهام او در پرونده اول و دوم «فعالیت تبلیغی علیه نظام» و در پرونده سوم، «نشر مطالب خلاف واقع» بود.

2024 May 12, “«چرا شما را نمیگیرن؟»؛ صادق زیباکلام زندانی شد”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

Mr. Zibakalam had three open legal cases. In the first and second cases, he was accused of "propaganda activity against the system," and in the third, of "dissemination of topics contrary to fact."

âqâ-ye zibâkalâm se parvande-ye qazâ'i-ye maftuh dâšt. ettehâm-e u dar parvande-ye avval o dovvom "fa'âliyat-e tabliği aleyh-e nezâm" va dar parvande-ye sevvom, "našr-e matâleb-e xelâf-e vâqe'" bud.


مختلف

مُختَلِف • (moxtalef) (comparative مُختَلِفتَر (moxtalef-tar), superlative مُختَلِفتَرین (moxtalef-tarin))

مُختَلِف (canonical)
moxtalef (romanization)
مُختَلِفتَر (comparative)
مُختَلِفتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُخْتَلِف (muḵtalif).

bor+

عقاید مختلف

صورتهای مختلف ماه

انواع مختلف کفش


مجنون

fa-adj

مجنون • (majnun) (comparative مجنونتَر (majnun-tar), superlative مجنونتَرین (majnun-tarin))

majnun (romanization)
مجنونتَر (comparative)
مجنونتَرین (superlative)
مجنون (singular)
majnun (singular)
مجنونها (plural)
majnun-hấ (plural)
مجنونا (colloquial plural)
majnunấ (plural)
مجنون را (definite direct-object singular)
majnun râ (definite direct-object singular)
مجنون رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
majnuno (definite direct-object singular)
مجنونها را (definite direct-object plural)
majnun-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
مجنونا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
majnunấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
مجنون (ezafe singular)
majnun-e (ezafe singular)
مجنونهای (ezafe plural)
majnun-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
مجنونای (colloquial ezafe plural)
majnunấ-ye (ezafe plural)
مجنونی (definite relative singular)
مجنونی (indefinite singular stressed)
majnun-i (definite relative singular)
majnun-i (indefinite singular stressed)
مجنونهایی (definite plural relative)
مجنونهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
majnunấn-i, majnun-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
majnunấn-i, majnun-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
مجنونایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
مجنونایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
majnunấi (definite plural relative)
majnunấi (indefinite plural stressed)
مجنونم (first-person predicative singular)
majnunam (first-person predicative singular)
مجنونیم (first-person plural predicative)
majnunim (first-person plural predicative)
مجنونی (predicative second-person singular)
majnuni (predicative second-person singular)
مجنونید (plural predicative second-person)
majnunid (plural predicative second-person)
مجنونین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
majnunin (plural predicative second-person)
مجنون است (predicative singular third-person)
majnun ast (predicative singular third-person)
مجنونه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
majnune (predicative singular third-person)
مجنونند (plural predicative third-person)
majnunand (plural predicative third-person)
مجنونن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
majnunan (plural predicative third-person)


مشروع

مشروع • (mašru')

آیا شهروندان ایرانی جمهوری اسلامی را حکومتی مشروع میدانند؟

Do Iranian citizens consider the Islamic Republic to be a legitimate government?

âyâ šahrvandân-e irâni jomhuri-ye eslâmi râ hokumati mašru' mi-dânand?

(Islamic jurisprudence) in compliance with Islamic law


خاص

خاص • (xâss) (comparative خاصتَر (xâss-tar), superlative خاصتَرین (xâss-tarin))

xâss (romanization)
خاصتَر (comparative)
خاصتَرین (superlative)

Etymology tree
Arabic خَصَّ (ḵaṣṣa)
Arabic خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ)bor.
Persian خاصBorrowed from Arabic خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ).


دور

From Proto-Iranian *duHráh (“far”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás (“far”). Cognate with Central Kurdish دوور (dûr, “far, distant”), Pashto لرې (lëre, “distant”), Sanskrit दूर (dūra, “distant, remote”), Avestan 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).


جامع

fa-adj

جامع • (jâme') (comparative جامعتَر (jâme'-tar), superlative جامعتَرین (jâme'-tarin))

jâme' (romanization)
جامعتَر (comparative)
جامعتَرین (superlative)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जामे (jāme)

Urdu: جامِع (jāmi')

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞ʔ]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞ʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic جَامِع (jāmiʕ), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).

etymon

(Islam) (of a mosque) congregational or public


شاهد

fa-adj

شاهد • (šâhed)

Borrowed from Arabic شاهِد (šāhid, “witness”).


لال

→ Ottoman Turkish: لال (lāl)

> Turkish: lal (inherited)

→ Armenian: լալ (lal)

→ Azerbaijani: lal

→ Uyghur: لال (lal)

→ Uzbek: lol


لال

→ Bengali: লাল (lal)

→ Gujarati: લાલ (lāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाल (lāl)

Urdu: لال (lāl)

→ Nepali: लाल् (lāl)

→ Odia: ଲାଲ (lāla), ନାଲି (nāli)

→ Punjabi: لال (lāl) / ਲਾਲ (lāl)

→ Sylheti: ꠟꠣꠟ (lal)


عالم

fa-adj

عالِم • ('âlem)

→ Gujarati: આલિમ (ālim)

Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).


انوشه

fa-adj

انوشه • (anuše)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱𐭪𐭩 (ʾnʿšky /anōšag/, “immortal”), from 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱 (ʾnʿš /anōš/) + 𐭪𐭩 (ky /-ag/), from Old Persian [Term?] (/*anauša-/, “immortal”), from Proto-Iranian *an-awša- (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (anaoša, “immortal”), Ossetian ӕнус (ænus), and the Old Armenian borrowing անուշակ (anušak). Compare Persian نوشین (nušin, “sweet”) and Persian نوشیدن (nušidan, “to drink”).


اکثر

→ Bengali: আকসার (akśar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अक्सर (aksar)

Urdu: اَکْثَر (aksar)
→ Phalura: aksár


عجیب

fa-adj

عجیب • ('ajib) (comparative عجیبتَر ('ajib-tar), superlative عجیبتَرین ('ajib-tarin))

'ajib (romanization)
عجیبتَر (comparative)
عجیبتَرین (superlative)

→ Gujarati: અજીબ (ajīb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अजीब (ajīb)

Urdu: عَجِیب (ajīb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਜੀਬ (ajīb)

Shahmukhi script: عَجِیب (ʻajīb)

[ʔæ.d͡ʒiːb̥]


اجنبی

Borrowed from Arabic أَجْنَبِيّ (ʔajnabiyy).


آخر

fa-adj

آخر • (âxer)

âxer (romanization)
آخرم (first-person predicative singular)
âxeram (first-person predicative singular)
آخریم (first-person plural predicative)
âxerim (first-person plural predicative)
آخری (predicative second-person singular)
âxeri (predicative second-person singular)
آخرید (plural predicative second-person)
âxerid (plural predicative second-person)
آخرین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âxerin (plural predicative second-person)
آخر است (predicative singular third-person)
âxer ast (predicative singular third-person)
آخره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âxere (predicative singular third-person)
آخرند (plural predicative third-person)
âxerand (plural predicative third-person)
آخرن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âxeran (plural predicative third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir, “last”).


آخر

fa-adj

آخر • (âxar)

Borrowed from Arabic آخَر (ʔāḵar, “another”).


بی‌شمار

fa-adj

بیشمار • (bi-šomâr)

بیشمار (canonical)
bi-šomâr (romanization)

→ Bengali: বেশুমার (beśumar)

→ Dogri: beśumār

Devanagari script: बेशुमार

Dogra script: 𑠠𑠳𑠧𑠯𑠢𑠬𑠤

→ Gujarati: બેશુમાર (beśumār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बेशुमार (beśumār)

Urdu: بے شُمار (beśumār)

→ Konkani: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Malvi: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Marathi: बेसुमार (besumār)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: बेसुमार (besumār)

Mahajani script: 𑅪𑅓𑅰𑅒𑅬𑅭 (besumr)

→ Odia: ବେଶୁମାର (beśumāra)

desctree

→ Old Punjabi: ਬੇਸੁਮਾਰੁ (besumāru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬੇਸ਼ੁਮਾਰ (beśumār)
Shahmukhi script: بے شُمار (be śumār)

→ Sindhi: beśumāru

Arabic script: بيشُمارُ

Devanagari script: बेशुमारु

desc

Sindhi: 𑋔𑋥𑋜𑋣𑋗𑋠𑋙𑋣

Sindhi: 𑋔𑋥𑋜𑋣𑋗𑋠𑋙𑋣

→ Varhadi: बेसुमार (besumār)

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[beː.ʃʊ.mɑ́ːɾ]

From Classical Persian بی (bē-) + شمار (šumār).


غریب

fa-adj

غریب • (ğarib) (comparative غریبتَر (ğarib-tar), superlative غریبتَرین (ğarib-tarin))

ğarib (romanization)
غریبتَر (comparative)
غریبتَرین (superlative)
غریبم (first-person predicative singular)
ğaribam (first-person predicative singular)
غریبیم (first-person plural predicative)
ğaribim (first-person plural predicative)
غریبی (predicative second-person singular)
ğaribi (predicative second-person singular)
غریبید (plural predicative second-person)
ğaribid (plural predicative second-person)
غریبین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
ğaribin (plural predicative second-person)
غریب است (predicative singular third-person)
ğarib ast (predicative singular third-person)
غریبه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
ğaribe (predicative singular third-person)
غریبند (plural predicative third-person)
ğariband (plural predicative third-person)
غریبن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
ğariban (plural predicative third-person)

10th Century, Ferdowsi, Shahname.

غریب آهوئی آمدم در کمند
که از بند جست و مرا کرد بند.

12th Century, Nizami Ganjavi, Khamse.

به وقت خورش هرکه باشد طبیب
بپرهیزد از خورده های غریب

14th Century, Hafez, Divan-e Hafez-e Shirazi.

گر آمدم به کوی تو چندان غریب نیست
چون من در آن دیار هزاران غریب هست


گرم

گرم • (garm) (comparative گرمتَر (garm-tar), superlative گرمتَرین (garm-tarin))

garm (romanization)
گرمتَر (comparative)
گرمتَرین (superlative)

→ Assamese: গৰম (gorom)

→ Bengali: গরম (gorom)

→ Gujarati: ગરમ (garam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गर्म (garm)

Urdu: گرم (garm)

→ Malay: geram

Indonesian: geram

→ Marathi: गरम (garam)

→ Odia: ଗରମ (garama)

→ Punjabi: ਗਰਮ (garam)

→ Sylheti: ꠉꠞꠝ (goromo)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás
Proto-Iranian *garmáh
Persian گرم
From Middle Persian [script needed] (glm /garm/, “warm”), from Proto-Iranian *garmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to warm, heat”), whence also English warm. Cognate with Khotanese garma- (“hot”), etc.

der

در بیابان هوا خیلی گرم است

(figurative) warm, enthusiastic, passionate


گلی

From گل (gel, “mud”) + ـی (-i, “adjective forming suffix”).


گلی

From گل (gol, “flower, rose”) + ـی (-i, “adjective forming suffix”).


غلط

Etymology tree
Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ)bor.
Persian غلطBorrowed from Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ).


گاییدنی

head

گاییدنی • (gâyidani)


کردنی

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰäɾ.d̪ä.níː]

[kʰʲæɹ.d̪æ.níː]


خواب

fa-adj

خواب • (xwāb／xâb)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /xwāb/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna), Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.


خاموش

خَاموش • (xâmuš) (comparative خَاموشتَر (xâmuš-tar), superlative خَاموشتَرین (xâmuš-tarin))

خَاموش (canonical)
xâmuš (romanization)
خَاموشتَر (comparative)
خَاموشتَرین (superlative)

→ Armenian: խամուշ (xamuš)

→ Azerbaijani: xamuş

→ Bengali: খামোশ (khamōś)

desc

→ Georgian: ხამუში (xamuši), ხამუშ-ხამუშ (xamuš-xamuš)

→ Gujarati: ખામોશ (khāmoś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ामोश (xāmoś)

Urdu: خاموش (xāmoś)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خاموش (hamuş)
Turkish: hamuş

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਮੋਸ਼ (khamoś)

Shahmukhi script: خاموش (xāmoś)

From Middle Persian hʾmwš (xāmōš, “silent”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to forget”); cognates include Latvian aizmirst (“to forget”). Compare also Old Armenian համր (hamr).


خوش

fa-adj

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوشتَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوشتَرین (xoš-tarin))

xoš (romanization)
خوشتَر (comparative)
خوشتَرین (superlative)
خوشم (first-person predicative singular)
xošam (first-person predicative singular)
خوشیم (first-person plural predicative)
xošim (first-person plural predicative)
خوشی (predicative second-person singular)
xoši (predicative second-person singular)
خوشید (plural predicative second-person)
xošid (plural predicative second-person)
خوشین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xošin (plural predicative second-person)
خوش است (predicative singular third-person)
xoš ast (predicative singular third-person)
خوشه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xoše (predicative singular third-person)
خوشند (plural predicative third-person)
xošand (plural predicative third-person)
خوشن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xošan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: խոշ (xoš)

→ Azerbaijani: xoş

→ Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)

→ Bengali: খোশ (khōś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)

desctree

Urdu: خوش (xuś)
→ Phalura: xošaán
→ Ushojo: خوشالہ

→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)

→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś)

Shahmukhi script: خُوش (xuś)

→ Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)

→ Turkish: hoş

→ Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /xʷaš/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /xʷaš/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /wxaš/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi وش (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of وش (vaš).
The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr). An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).


بیخودی

From بیخود (bixod, “selfless”) + ـی (-i).


اجمالی

fa-adj

اجمالی • (ejmâli)

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.mɑː.líː]

Borrowed from Arabic verb أَجْمَلَ (ʔajmala) ('ajmala; to summarize).


تمام

تمام • (tamâm) (comparative تمامتَر (tamâm-tar), superlative تمامتَرین (tamâm-tarin))

tamâm (romanization)
تمامتَر (comparative)
تمامتَرین (superlative)

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɑ́ːm]

[t̪ʰä.mɔ́ːm]

[t̪ʰæ.mɒ́ːm]

کرد شیخ اسلام از کبر تمام / این برادر را چنین نصف القیام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3478:

In his complete arrogance the Shaykh of Islam [only] half rose [from his seat], in such a [careless] fashion, to [salute] his brother.

kard šayx-i-islām az kibr-i tamām / īn barādar-rā čunīn nisfa-l-qiyām


انگلیسی

head

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi)

fa-noun

اِنْگْلیسی • (englisi)

اِنْگْلیسی (canonical)
englisi (romanization)

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]

[ʔɪŋɡ.liː.síː]


کمزور

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ (kamzor)

Shahmukhi script: کمزور (kamzor)


کوچک

fa-adj

کوچک • (kuček) (comparative کوچکتَر (kuček-tar), superlative کوچکتَرین (kuček-tarin))

kuček (romanization)
کوچکتَر (comparative)
کوچکتَرین (superlative)
کوچکم (first-person predicative singular)
kučekam (first-person predicative singular)
کوچکیم (first-person plural predicative)
kučekim (first-person plural predicative)
کوچکی (predicative second-person singular)
kučeki (predicative second-person singular)
کوچکید (plural predicative second-person)
kučekid (plural predicative second-person)
کوچکین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
kučekin (plural predicative second-person)
کوچک است (predicative singular third-person)
kuček ast (predicative singular third-person)
کوچکه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
kučeke (predicative singular third-person)
کوچکند (plural predicative third-person)
kučekand (plural predicative third-person)
کوچکن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
kučekan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Middle Armenian: Քուչակ (Kʻučʻak)

[kʰʊː.t͡ʃʰǽk]

[kʰuː.t͡ʃʰékʲ]

[kʰuː.t͡ʃʰékʲ]

[kʰuː.t͡ʃʰíːkʲ]

[kʰɵ.t͡ʃʰǽk]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwck' /kūčak/, “small”), from Proto-Iranian *kaw-ča-ka, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaw- ~ *ku- (“young, small”). Cognate with Mazanderani پچوک (pečok, “small”), Middle Persian [script needed] (kwc /kūč/, “small”), [script needed] (kwk' /kūk/, “small, short”), Persian کودک (kudak, “child”), کوتاه (kutâh, “short”); see کودک (kudak) for more.

cog

برادر من کوچکتر و خواهرم بزرگتر است.

My brother is younger and my sister is older.

barâdar-e man kuček-tar o xâharam bozorg-tar ast.


گلابی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाबी (gulābī)

Urdu: گلابی

→ Kannada: ಗುಲಾಬಿ (gulābi)

→ Marathi: गुलाबी (gulābī)

→ Nepali: गुलाबी (gulābī)

→ Pashto: ګلابي

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardah
Old Persian *vr̥dah
Middle Persian gwl
Classical Persian گُل (gul)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Classical Persian آب (āb)
Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas
Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k)
Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)
Persian گلابی
گلاب (gulāb, “rosewater”) + ـی (-ī, “adjective forming suffix”), in reference to the pink color of rosewater.

etymon

fa:صورتی fa:گلابی


ایرانی

fa-adj

ایرانی • (irâni)

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔeː.ɾɔː.ní]

[ʔiː.ɹɒː.níː]

از فیلمهای ایرانی خوشش میآید. (more literary)
az film-hâ-ye irâni xošaš mi-âyad.
He likes Iranian films.

از فیلمهای ایرونی خوشش میآد. (more colloquial)
az film-hâ-ye iruni xošeš mi-âd.
He likes Iranian films.

Iranian (of Iran; of the people of Iran)

فارسی یکی از زبانهای ایرانی است.

Persian is one of the Iranian languages.

Iranian, Iranic (of the language family)


آبی

→ Khalaj: âbi

→ Urdu: آبی (ābī)

From آب (“water”) + ـی (“adjectival suffix”).


مردد

مردد • (moraddad) (comparative مرددتَر (moraddad-tar), superlative مرددتَرین (moraddad-tarin))

moraddad (romanization)
مرددتَر (comparative)
مرددتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَدَّد (muraddad).


ماهی

head

ماهی • (mâhi)

fa-noun

ماهی • (mâhi)


ساده

fa-adj

ساده • (sâde) (comparative سادهتَر (sâde-tar), superlative سادهتَرین (sâde-tarin))

sâde (romanization)
سادهتَر (comparative)
سادهتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: sadə

→ Bengali: সাদা (śada)

→ Georgian: სადა (sada)

→ Gujarati: સાદું (sādũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सादा (sādā)

Urdu: سادہ (sādā)

→ Marathi: साधे (sādhe)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ساده (sade)
Turkish: sade
→ Armenian: սատե (sate), սա̈դա̈ (sädä)
→ Romanian: sadea

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਦਾ (sādā)

Shahmukhi script: سادہ (sādh)

→ Uzbek: sodda

→ South Levantine Arabic: سادة (sāda)

From Middle Persian *sādag, whence also Arabic سَاذَج (sāḏaj). Compare Bactrian σαδγο (sadgo, “plain, even”) and Old Armenian սատակ (satak), a Middle Iranian loanword.

حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.

You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.

hamle bar xod mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar xod hamle kard.


بزرگ

fa-adj

بُزُرْگ • (bozorg) (comparative بُزُرْگتَر (bozorg-tar), superlative بُزُرْگتَرین (bozorg-tarin))

بُزُرْگ (canonical)
bozorg (romanization)
بُزُرْگتَر (comparative)
بُزُرْگتَرین (superlative)
بزرگم (first-person predicative singular)
bozorgam (first-person predicative singular)
بزرگیم (first-person plural predicative)
bozorgim (first-person plural predicative)
بزرگی (predicative second-person singular)
bozorgi (predicative second-person singular)
بزرگید (plural predicative second-person)
bozorgid (plural predicative second-person)
بزرگین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
bozorgin (plural predicative second-person)
بزرگ است (predicative singular third-person)
bozorg ast (predicative singular third-person)
بزرگه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
bozorge (predicative singular third-person)
بزرگند (plural predicative third-person)
bozorgand (plural predicative third-person)
بزرگن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
bozorgan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Bengali: বুজুর্গ (buzurg)

→ Gujarati: બુજરગ (bujrag)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg)

Urdu: بُزُرْگ (buzurg)

→ Marathi: बुजुर्ग (buj̈urga)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ (bazurag)

Shahmukhi script: بَزُرگ (bazurg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بزرك (büzürk)

Turkish: büzürk

→ Malay: besar

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭰𐭥𐭫𐭢 (wuzurg, wazurg, “big, great”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 (vazạrka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-.

inh

نزدیک شهر کوه بزرگی است. (literary)

There is a large mountain near the city.

نزدیک شهر کوهی بزرگ است. (literary)

نزدیک شهر یه کوه بزرگه. (colloquial)

خانهٔ شما خیلی بزرگ است. (literary)

خونه شما خیلی بزرگه. (colloquial)

او واقعاً آدم بزرگی ست.

یک شرکت بزرگ


بهائی

fa-adj

بهائی • (bahâ'i)

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bæ.ɦɒː.ʔiː]

Baháʼí Baháʼí


همجنس‌باز

همجنسباز (canonical)
hamjens-bâz (romanization)


چاق

چاق • (čâq) (comparative چاقتَر (čâq-tar), superlative چاقتَرین (čâq-tarin))

čâq (romanization)
چاقتَر (comparative)
چاقتَرین (superlative)

→ Armenian: չաղ (čʻaġ)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: چاق (cāq)

→ Khalaj: çâq

Doublet of چاغ (čâğ) and from the same Turkic source as the former. The semantic development must have been along the lines of 'measure of something' → 'in high measure' → 'strong' → 'thick, healthy, sound' etc. Compare Uzbek chogʻ (“happy, gay, joyful”), Azerbaijani çağ (“healthy; well-fed; happy”) for a similar development. Cognate with Talysh çok (“good”). Persian چاغ (čâğ) was borrowed from a parallel track of semantic development, 'measure of something' → 'measure of time' → 'time'.

cog

سه کیلو چاق شدهام.

دماغت چاقه؟


مغرور

fa-adj

مغرور • (mağrur) (comparative مغرورتَر (mağrur-tar), superlative مغرورتَرین (mağrur-tarin))

mağrur (romanization)
مغرورتَر (comparative)
مغرورتَرین (superlative)

From Arabic مَغْرُور (maḡrūr, “arrogant, conceited”).


قرمزی

Borrowed from Arabic قِرْمِزِيّ (qirmiziyy). By surface analysis, قرمز (qermez) + ـی (-i).


سبز

→ Assamese: সেউজ (xeuz)

→ Baluchi: سبز (sabz)

→ Bengali: সবুজ (śobuj)

→ Hindi: सब्ज़ (sabz)

→ Odia: ସବୁଜ (sabuja)

→ Punjabi: ਸਬਜ਼ (sabaz)

→ Urdu: سبز (sabz)

From Middle Persian spz, sbz (sabz, “green, fresh”), of uncertain origin.
Morgenstierne derives the word from an unattested form [script needed] (*sapači-) and connects it, along with Pashto سابه (sābə́, “vegetables, greens”), to Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “garden”).
Henning is skeptical of this, however, and relates the word to Parthian [script needed] (‘spyxt, “radiant, verdant”), deriving both from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)- (“to sprout, bloom, blossom”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”); compare Latin spargō (“to scatter, strew”), Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain god, rain”).
Cheung does not consider Parthian [script needed] (‘spyxt) to be descended from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)-, and instead derives it from Proto-Iranian *spaič / *spaiǰ (“to shine; to bloom”), which appears to be an exclusively Iranian root.


سیاه

fa-adj

سیاه • (siyâh)

→ Baluchi: سیاہ

→ Bengali: সিয়া (śiẏa)

→ Hindi: सियाह (siyāh), शियाह (śiyāh)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیاه (siyah)
Turkish: siyah

→ Punjabi: ਸਿਆਹ / سیاہ (siāh)

→ Urdu: سِیاہ (siyāh)

→ Uyghur: سىياھ (siyah)

→ Uzbek: siyoh

→ Kyrgyz: сыя (sıya)

→ Kazakh: сия (siä)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (sydʾ /syā/, “black”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *cyaHwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Sanskrit श्याव (śyāva), Russian сивый (sivyj, “grey”), Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old English hīew (whence English hue).


لاغر

fa-adj

لاغَر • (lâğar) (comparative لاغَرتَر (lâğar-tar), superlative لاغَرتَرین (lâğar-tarin))

لاغَر (canonical)
lâğar (romanization)
لاغَرتَر (comparative)
لاغَرتَرین (superlative)
لاغر
lâğar
لاغر (ezafe)
lâğar-e (ezafe)
لاغری (definite relative)
لاغری (indefinite stressed)
lâğar-i (definite relative)
lâğar-i (indefinite stressed)
لاغرم (first-person predicative singular)
lâğaram (first-person predicative singular)
لاغریم (first-person plural predicative)
lâğarim (first-person plural predicative)
لاغری (predicative second-person singular)
lâğari (predicative second-person singular)
لاغرید (plural predicative second-person)
lâğarid (plural predicative second-person)
لاغرین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
lâğarin (plural predicative second-person)
لاغر است (predicative singular third-person)
lâğar ast (predicative singular third-person)
لاغره (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
lâğare (predicative singular third-person)
لاغرند (plural predicative third-person)
lâğarand (plural predicative third-person)
لاغرن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
lâğaran (plural predicative third-person)

→ Middle Armenian: լաղար (laġar)

Armenian: լղար (lġar)

→ Azerbaijani: lağər

→ Central Kurdish: لهڕ (lerr)

→ Khalaj: lâğər

→ Northern Kurdish: lexer

→ Ottoman Turkish: لاغر (lağar)

Turkish: lagar

From Middle Persian *lāgar, from Old Persian *lagrah, from Proto-Iranian *Hlagráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hlagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ln̥gʷʰrós (“lightweight”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish lawaz, Gurani لاواز (lāwāz).

که طمع لاغر کند زرد و ذلیل / نیست او از علت ابدان علیل

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3629:

For [mere] hope makes him lean, pale, and wretched: he is not ill with bodily ailment.

ke tama' lâğar konad zard o zalil / nist u az 'ellat-e abdân 'alil

و من به جفتگیری گلها میاندیشم / به غنچههایی با ساقههای لاغر کم خون

published 1973, فروغ فرخزاد [Forugh Farrokhzad], translated by Hasan Javadi and Susan Sallée (in Another Birth: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad), ایمان بیاوریم به آغاز فصل سرد:

and I think of the pollination of the flowers / of the buds with thin anemic stems

va man be joft-giri-ye gol-hâ mi-andišam / be ğonče-hâ-yi bâ sâqe-hâ-ye lâğar-e kam-xun


سه

سیاه سیاه#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) alternative form of سیاه (siyâh, “black”)


بد

بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بَدتَرین (bad-tarin))

بَد (canonical)
bad (romanization)
بَدتَر (comparative)
بَدتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLYA) / [script needed] (wt' /wad/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.


نارنجی

نارنجی • (nârenji)

→ Azerbaijani: narıncı

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नारंजी (nārañjī)

Urdu: نارنجی (nāranjī)

→ Pashto: نارنجي (nârënji)

[nɑː.ɾän.d͡ʒíː]

[nɑː.ɾän.d͡ʒíː]

[nɑː.ɾän.d͡ʒíː]

[nɔː.ɾän.d͡ʒí]


صورتی

Etymology tree
Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra)bor.
Classical Persian صُورَت (sūrat)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas
Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k)
Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)
Persian صورتی From صورت (sūrat／surat, “face”) + ـی (-ī／-i, adjective forming suffix), because the complexion of skin gives off a pink undertone.


شاد

fa-adj

شاد • (šâd) (comparative شادتَر (šâd-tar), superlative شادتَرین (šâd-tarin))

šâd (romanization)
شادتَر (comparative)
شادتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: şad

→ Bashkir: шат (şat)

→ Chagatai: شاد

Uyghur: شات (shat)

Uzbek: shod

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाद (śād)

Urdu: شاد (śād)

→ Kazakh: шат (şat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاد (şad)
Turkish: şad

→ Punjabi:śād

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਦ

Shahmukhi script: شاد (śād)

→ Tatar: шат (şat)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šʾt' /šād/), from Old Persian 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫 (š-i-y-a-t /šiyāta-/), from Proto-Iranian *šyaHtas (“happy”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyaHtas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁-to-s, from *kʷyeh₁- (“peace, rest”).

inh

شاد و پیروز باشید.

یکایک به شاه آمد این آگهی
که سام آمد از کوه با فرّهی
بدان آگهی شد منوچهر شاد
بسی از جهان آفرین کرد یاد

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Manūchihr”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

All at once, the news came to the king
That Sām had come down from the mountain in glory.
Manūchihr was gladdened by this news;
Oft did he remember the World-Creator.

yakāyak ba šāh āmad īn āgahī
ki sām āmad az kōh bā farrahī
bad-ān āgahī šud manūchihr šād
basē az jahān āfarīn kard yād

یاد باد آن که ز ما وقت سفر یاد نکرد
به وداعی دل غمدیدهٔ ما شاد نکرد

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 138”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Blessed by the memory of she who did not tell me when she would leave,
Who did not make my grief-stricken heart happy with even a single farewell.

yād bād ān ki zi mā waqt-i safar yād na-kard
ba wadā'ē dil-i ğamdīda-yi mā šād na-kard


طلایی

fa-adj

طلایی • (talâyi)

[t̪ʰæ.lɒː.jíː]

طلائی طلائی#Persian

unhamzated form of طلائی (golden, gold-coloured, blond, blonde)


مشکی

مشکی • (meški)

From Classical pronunciation مُشکی (muškī), itself being مُشک (mušk, “musk”) + ـی (-ī, “adjectival suffix”), from the archaic sense of the color "blood red".


سفید

desc

→ Assamese: চফেদ (sophed), ছফেদ (sophed)

→ Bengali: সফেদ (śophed)

→ Gujarati: સફેદ (saphed)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)

Urdu: سفید (safed)

→ Maithili: saphēd

Devanagari script: सफेद

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒤𑒹𑒠

→ Marathi: सफेद (saphed)

→ Marwari: सफेद (saphed)

→ Odia: ସଫେଦ (sapheda)

desctree

→ Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
Shahmukhi script: سَفَید (safaid)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: سُفيدُ

Devanagari script: सुफ़ेदु

From earlier سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, “white”), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”). Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).


دانا

fa-adj

دانا • (dânâ)

From Middle Persian d’n’k' (dānāg). From the verb دانستن (dânestan).
Equivalent to دان (dân, “know”) + ـا (-â).


زیبا

زیبا • (zibâ) (comparative زیباتَر (zibâ-tar), superlative زیباتَرین (zibâ-tarin))

zibâ (romanization)
زیباتَر (comparative)
زیباتَرین (superlative)
زیبایم (first-person predicative singular)
zibâyam (first-person predicative singular)
زیبام (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
zibâm (first-person predicative singular)
زیباییم (first-person plural predicative)
zibâyim (first-person plural predicative)
زیبایی (predicative second-person singular)
zibâyi (predicative second-person singular)
زیبایید (plural predicative second-person)
zibâyid (plural predicative second-person)
زیبایین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
zibâyin (plural predicative second-person)
زیباست (predicative singular third-person)
zibâst (predicative singular third-person)
زیباس، زیبائه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
zibâs, zibâe (predicative singular third-person)
زیبایند (plural predicative third-person)
zibâyand (plural predicative third-person)
زیبان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
zibân (plural predicative third-person)

From زیب (zib) + ـا (-â). The adjective form of the verb زیبیدن (zibidan, “to deserve, to have beauty and form.”).

این دُخْتَرِ زیبا رو میشِناسی؟ (Iranian Persian)


زشت

زشت • (zešt) (comparative زشتتَر (zešt-tar), superlative زشتتَرین (zešt-tarin))

zešt (romanization)
زشتتَر (comparative)
زشتتَرین (superlative)

→ Gulf Arabic: زشت (zišt)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zyšt' /zišt/, “hateful, ugly”), a loanword from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (zaēša) from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyždas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os, from *ǵʰeysd- (“anger, agitation”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaistaz (“ghost, mind”).


تاریک

fa-adj

تاریک • (târik) (comparative تاریکتَر (târik-tar), superlative تاریکتَرین (târik-tarin))

târik (romanization)
تاریکتَر (comparative)
تاریکتَرین (superlative)

[t̪ʰɑ́ː.ɾiːk]

[t̪ʰɑ́ː.ɾiːk]

[t̪ʰɑ́ː.ɾiːk]

[t̪ʰɔ́ː.ɾik]

[t̪ʰɒ́ː.ɹiːkʲ]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/tārīk/), from [Term?] (/tār/, “darkness”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (whence modern تار (târ, “dark, faint”)), + Middle Persian [Term?] (/-īk/, adjective-deriving suffix) (whence modern ـی (-i)). One of a few adjectives that has preserved the final -g/k phoneme and did not undergo the regular sound change from Middle Persian to Modern Persian. Others include باریک (bârik, “slender”) and نزدیک (nazdik, “near”).

der

چون شما تاریک بودم در نهاد
وحی خورشیدم چنین نوری بداد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3660:

Like you, I was dark in my nature:
the Sun's revelation gave me such a light as this.

čōn šumā tārīk būdam dar nihād
 wahī-i xwaršēd-am čunīn nūrī bi-dād


زرد

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zlt' /zard/, “yellow”). Related to زر (zar, “gold”).


ماده

fa-adj

ماده • (mâde)

From Middle Persian NKḆ, mʾtk' (mādag), from Proto-Iranian *māta-ka- (“female creature”), from *māta- (“female”), from *máHtā (“mother”). Compare Old Armenian մատակ (matak), an Iranian borrowing.


عربی

عَرَبی (canonical)
'arabi (romanization)

→ Punjabi: ਅਰਬੀ (arabī)

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy).


قهوه‌ای

fa-adj

قَهْوِهای • (qahve-yi)

قَهْوِهای (canonical)
qahve-yi (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhvəyi


زخمی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਖ਼ਮੀ (zaxmī)

Shahmukhi script: زخمی (zaxmī)


خوب

خوب • (xub) (comparative خوبتَر (xub-tar), superlative خوبتَرین (xub-tarin))

xub (romanization)
خوبتَر (comparative)
خوبتَرین (superlative)
خوبم (first-person predicative singular)
xubam (first-person predicative singular)
خوبیم (first-person plural predicative)
xubim (first-person plural predicative)
خوبی (predicative second-person singular)
xubi (predicative second-person singular)
خوبید (plural predicative second-person)
xubid (plural predicative second-person)
خوبین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xubin (plural predicative second-person)
خوب است (predicative singular third-person)
xub ast (predicative singular third-person)
خوبه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xube (predicative singular third-person)
خوبند (plural predicative third-person)
xuband (plural predicative third-person)
خوبن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xuban (plural predicative third-person)

Urdu: خوب (xub)

Uzbek: xoʻp

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭡 (xūb), from Old Persian [script needed] (*ʰuvāpa), from Proto-Iranian *HhuHā́pah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHápas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₃épos (“work”). Compare Sogdian [script needed] (xwp).


زورمند

زورمَند • (zurmand) (comparative زورمَندتَر (zurmand-tar), superlative زورمَندتَرین (zurmand-tarin))

زورمَند (canonical)
zurmand (romanization)
زورمَندتَر (comparative)
زورمَندتَرین (superlative)

[zʊːɾ.män̪d̪̥]


تلخ

From Middle Persian t’hl’ (taxl), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tákram, compare Sanskrit तक्र (tákra, “buttermilk mixed with water”).


ابدی

desctree

→ Malay: abadi
Indonesian: abadi
→ Maguindanao: abadi

→ Northern Kurdish: ebedî (abdi)

→ Pashto: ابدی (abadí)

→ Urdu: ابدی (abdi)

[ʔä.bä.d̪íː]

[ʔä.bä.d̪íː]

[ʔä.bä.d̪íː]

[ʔæ.bæ.d̪íː]


ژاپنی

fa-adj

ژاپُنی • (žâponi)

ژاپُنی (canonical)
žâponi (romanization)

زَبانِ ژاپُنی


سنگین

سنگین • (sangin) (comparative سنگینتَر (sangin-tar), superlative سنگینتَرین (sangin-tarin))

sangin (romanization)
سنگینتَر (comparative)
سنگینتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: səngin

→ Baluchi: سنگین

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: संगीन (saṅgīn)

Urdu: سنگین

→ Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: zəngin

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: زنگین (zengin)
Turkish: zengin
→ Albanian: zengjin
→ Arabic:
North Levantine Arabic: زَنْكِيل (zangīl)
South Levantine Arabic: زَنْكِيل (zankīl)
→ Bulgarian: зенги́н (zengín)
→ Macedonian: зенгин (zengin)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: zènđil
Cyrillic script: зѐнђил

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਗੀਨ (saṅgīn)

Shahmukhi script: سنگین (saṅgīn)

آن جعبه سنگینتر از آن است که فکر میکرد

That box is heavier than he/she thought.

ân ja'be sangin-tar az ân ast ke fekr mi-kard.


اسلامی

fa-adj

اسلامی • (eslâmi)


فرهنگی

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡíː]

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡíː]

[fä.ɾäŋ.ɡíː]

[fæɹ.hæɲ.ɡʲíː]

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡí]

From Classical Persian فرهنگ (farhang) + ی (ī).


خیلی

خیلی از (canonical)
xaylē az／xeyli az (romanization)

desc

→ Armenian: խելի (xeli), խեյլի (xeyli), խիլի (xili), ⇒ խել մը (xel mə)

→ Azerbaijani: xeyli

→ Kumyk: хыйлы (xıylı)

→ Kyrgyz: кыйла (kıyla)

хейлах (χejlaχ)

→ Lezgi: хейлин (χejlin), хейлах (χejlaχ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خیلی

Turkish: hayli

→ Crimean Tatar: hayli

→ Urdu: خَیلے (xaile)

Uzbek: xiyla

From خیل (xayl／xeyl, “squadron of cavalry; (by extension) army”) + ـی (-ē／-i, indefinite article), literally “an army of”. First usage meaning "very much, many" was in Gulistan in 1058.

af

خیل
<t:squadron of cavalry; (by extension) army>

خیلی از دوستام فیلمای آمریکایی رو دوست دارن.

A lot of my friends like American movies.

xeyli az dustâm filmâye âmrikâi ro dust dâran.


اهل

در شمیران مردی نیک دیدم، از دربند بود، نامش ابوالفضل خلیفه بن علی الفیلسوف. مردی اهل بود و با ما کرامتها کرد و کرمها نمود و با هم بحثها کردیم و دوستی افتاد میان ما. مرا گفت: چه عزم داری؟ گفتم: سفر قبله را نیت کردهام. گفت: حاجت من آنست که به هنگام مراجعت گذر بر اینجا کنی تا تو را باز ببینم.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

In Shemīrān there was a good man from Derbent, whose name was Abū al-Faẓl Khalīfa, son of Alī the Philosopher. He was a noble man, and was generous towards us and showed us courtesies. We chatted with each other, and friendship grew between us. He said to me, "What are your plans?" I said, "I have set my mind on journeying to the qibla." He said, "I hope when you return, you pass by here so that I can see you again."

dar šimīrān mardē nēk dīdam, az darband būd, nām-aš abū-l-fazl xalīfa ben-e alī ul-faylasūf. mardē ahl būd u bā mā karāmat-hā kard u karam-hā nimūd u bā ham bahs-hā kardēm u dōstī uftād miyān-i mā. ma-rā guft: či azam dārī? guftam: safar-i qibla rā niyyat karda-am. guft: hājat-i man ān ast ki ba hangām-i murāja'at guzar bar īnjā kuni tā tu rā bāz bēnam.


هلو

fa-adj

هلو • (holu) (comparative هلوتَر (holu-tar), superlative هلوتَرین (holu-tarin))

holu (romanization)
هلوتَر (comparative)
هلوتَرین (superlative)

A Northwestern Iranian doublet of آلو (âlu, “plum”), compare Mazanderani هلی (halī, “plum”), Northern Kurdish hilîk, hilûk, halûk, helûje, hulîk, hulûk, helû, hulû etc., Central Kurdish هەڵووچە (hellûçe), هەڵووژە (hellûje, “plum”).

(chiefly Iran, slang) stunning, sexy, attractive, pretty


بامزه

بامزه • (bâ-maze) (comparative بامزهتَر (bâ-maze-tar), superlative بامزهتَرین (bâ-maze-tarin))

bâ-maze (romanization)
بامزهتَر (comparative)
بامزهتَرین (superlative)


آسان

آسان • (âsân) (comparative آسانتَر (âsân-tar), superlative آسانتَرین (âsân-tarin))

âsân (romanization)
آسانتَر (comparative)
آسانتَرین (superlative)

→ Ahirani: आसान (āsān)

→ Azerbaijani: asan

→ Bengali: আসান (aśan)

→ Dogri: āsān

Devanagari script: आसान

Dogra script: 𑠁𑠩𑠬𑠝

→ Gojri: اسان (asān)

→ Gujarati: આસાન (āsān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आसान (āsān)

desctree

Urdu: آسَانْ (āsān)
→ Kalami: آسان (āsān)

→ Khalaj: âsân

→ Maithili: āsān

Devanagari script: आसान

Tirhuta script: 𑒂𑒮𑒰𑒢

→ Malvi: आसान (āsān)

→ Marathi: आसान (āsān)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: आसान

Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅰𑅧 (asn)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آسان (asan)

Turkish: asan

→ Punjabi: asān

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਾਨ

Shahmukhi script: اَسانْ

→ Salar: asan

→ Sindhi: āsān

Arabic script: آسَانْ

Devanagari script: आसान

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋝𑋠𑋑

→ Uyghur: ئاسان (asan)

→ Uzbek: oson

→ Varhadi: आसान (āsān)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭭 (ʾsʾn /āsān/). Compare Northern Kurdish hêsan.

der

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satisfy”)

آیا فکر میکنید که کردی از فارسی آسانتر است؟ (literary)

Do you think Kurdish is easier than Persian?

âyâ fekr mi-konid ke kordi az fârsi âsân--tar ast?

فک میکنین که کردی از فارسی آسونتره؟ (colloquial)

fek mi-konin ke kordi az fârsi âsun--tar-e?

راههای صعب پایان بردهایم، ره بر اهل خویش آسان کردهایم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2947:

We have brought the hard ways to an end; we have made the way easy for our own people.

râh-hâ-ye sa'b pâyân borde-'im, rah bar ahl-e xiš âsân karde-'im.

الا یا ایها الساقی ادر کأسا و ناولها، که عشق آسان نمود اول ولی افتاد مشکلها

late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “الا یا ایها الساقی (Alā yā ayyoha-s-sāqī)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

ʼalā yā ʼayyuha-s-sāqī ʼadir kaʼsan wa-nāwilhā [Arabic: "Come, o wine-pourer! Circulate a cup and pass it"], since love seemed easy at first, but soon difficulties occurred.

alâ yâ 'ayyoha-s-sâqi ader ka'san va nâvelhâ, ke 'ešq âsân nemûd avval vali 'oftâd moškelhâ

دست از جان شستن آسان است در شبهای هجر، میتوان چون شمع خون خود به رنگ آب ریخت.

c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz, دیوان [Divān]:

Washing hands of life is easy in the nights of separation. Like the candle one can shed one's blood soundlessly.

dast az jân šostan âsân ast dar šab-hâ-ye hejr, mi-tavân čun šam' xun-e xod be rang-e âb rixt.


عالی

fa-adj

عالی • ('âli) (comparative عالیتَر ('âli-tar), superlative عالیتَرین ('âli-tarin))

'âli (romanization)
عالیتَر (comparative)
عالیتَرین (superlative)

صورتی کو فاخر و عالی بود / او ز بیت الله کی خالی بود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 868:

How should the form [of the Perfect Man], which is splendid and sublime, [ever] be absent from the House of God?

surat-i k-u fâxer o âli bovad / u ze beyt-allâh key xâli bovad

بِسیار عالی اَست.


تنها

تنها • (tanhâ)

→ Azerbaijani: tənha

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तनहा (tanhā)

Urdu: تَنْہا (tanhā)

→ Northern Luri: تںنیا (tənia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تنها

Turkish: tenha

→ Uyghur: تەنھا (tenha)

[t̪ʰän.hɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰän.hɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰæn.hɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian tn'yhʾ (tanīhā). Equivalent to Middle Persian tn' (tan, “body, self”) + yhʾ (īhā).

واسه این دل تنها دیگه مهمون نمیاد

For this lonely heart the guest never comes to visit


صبور

صبور • (sabur) (comparative صبورتَر (sabur-tar), superlative صبورتَرین (sabur-tarin))

sabur (romanization)
صبورتَر (comparative)
صبورتَرین (superlative)

→ Bashkir: сабыр (sabır)


ابری

ابری • (abri) (comparative ابریتَر (abri-tar), superlative ابریتَرین (abri-tarin))

abri (romanization)
ابریتَر (comparative)
ابریتَرین (superlative)

آسمون ابریه اما دیگه بارون نمیاد

The sky's cloudy but the rain isn't coming anymore

کاغذ ابری

نقش ابری

مایع ابری

the liquid substance used in ebru technique

made using or related to the ebru technique


ول

Related to ویلان (veylân). Perhaps related to Gilaki وشتن (vašten, “to allow”) (present stem “ول val”).


مه

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫆 (myẖ /meh/), from Proto-Iranian *majā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maȷ́ʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“great”). Cognate with English mickle, much.


قشنگ

قَشَنْگ • (ğašang) (comparative قَشَنْگتَر (ğašang-tar), superlative قَشَنْگتَرین (ğašang-tarin))

قَشَنْگ (canonical)
ğašang (romanization)
قَشَنْگتَر (comparative)
قَشَنْگتَرین (superlative)
قشنگم (first-person predicative singular)
qašangam (first-person predicative singular)
قشنگیم (first-person plural predicative)
qašangim (first-person plural predicative)
قشنگی (predicative second-person singular)
qašangi (predicative second-person singular)
قشنگید (plural predicative second-person)
qašangid (plural predicative second-person)
قشنگین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
qašangin (plural predicative second-person)
قشنگ است (predicative singular third-person)
qašang ast (predicative singular third-person)
قشنگه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
qašange (predicative singular third-person)
قشنگند (plural predicative third-person)
qašangand (plural predicative third-person)
قشنگن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
qašangan (plural predicative third-person)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: qəşəng
→ Armenian: ղաշանգ (ġašang)

→ Khalaj: qəşəng

→ Turkish: kaşenk

→ Urdu: قَشَن٘گ (qaśaṅg)

From Sogdian ʾγšnk- ((ə)xšank, “beautiful”), related to Proto-Iranian *gr̥šáti (“to rejoice, be happy”).


سیر

قرمز سیر


پست

Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, Khan-e Hashtom
پهلوان هفت خوان، اکنون
طعمه ی دام و دهان خوان هشتم بود
و می اندیشید
که نبایستی بگوید، هیچ
بس که بی شرمانه و پست است این تزویر.
The hero of the Seven Labours,
Was the prey of trap and mouth of the eighth labour now.
And he was thinking
That he should not say anything

For this trick is such a shameless and ignoble one.


اسپانیایی

fa-adj

اسپانیایی • (espâniyâyi)


به

From Middle Persian [Term?] ŠPYL / wyh (weh, “better, good”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎢 (vahu, “good”), from Proto-Iranian *Hwáhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwásuš, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“good”). Related to Old Armenian վեհ (veh, “sublime”), an Iranian borrowing.

بَاغْبَان هَم دَانَد آن رَا دَر خَزَان / لیک دِیدِ یَک بِهْ اَز دِیدِ جَهَان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2925:

The Gardener knows that (difference) even in autumn, but the One's sight is better than the world's sight.

bāğbān ham dānad ān rā dar xazān / lēk dīd-i yak bih az dīd-i jahān


خاکی

خاکی • (xâki)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: خاکی (xākī)

desctree

Hindi: ख़ाकी (xākī)
→ English: khaki
→ German: khaki
→ French: kaki
→ Portuguese: cáqui
→ Spanish: caqui
→ Chinese: 卡其 (kǎqí)
→ Thai: กากี (gaa-gii)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خاكی (haki)

Turkish: haki

From Middle Persian [Term?]. By surface analysis, خاک (xâk, “earth, soil”) + ـی (-i).


بنفش

→ Azerbaijani: bənövüş

→ Khalaj: bənəfş


سرخ

sorx (romanization)
سرخ
sorx
سرخ (ezafe)
sorx-e (ezafe)
سرخی (definite relative)
سرخی (indefinite stressed)
sorx-i (definite relative)
sorx-i (indefinite stressed)
سرخم (first-person possessive singular)
sorxam (first-person possessive singular)
سرخمان (first-person plural possessive)
sorxemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sorxemun (first-person plural possessive)
سرخت (possessive second-person singular)
sorxat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sorxet (possessive second-person singular)
سرختان (plural possessive second-person)
sorxetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sorxetun (plural possessive second-person)
سرخش (possessive singular third-person)
sorxaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sorxeš (possessive singular third-person)
سرخشان (plural possessive third-person)
sorxešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sorxešun (plural possessive third-person)
سرخم (first-person predicative singular)
sorxam (first-person predicative singular)
سرخیم (first-person plural predicative)
sorxim (first-person plural predicative)
سرخی (predicative second-person singular)
sorxi (predicative second-person singular)
سرخید (plural predicative second-person)
sorxid (plural predicative second-person)
سرخین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
sorxin (plural predicative second-person)
سرخ است (predicative singular third-person)
sorx ast (predicative singular third-person)
سرخه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
sorxe (predicative singular third-person)
سرخند (plural predicative third-person)
sorxand (plural predicative third-person)
سرخن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
sorxan (plural predicative third-person)

From an earlier metathesis of سهر (suhr) (cf. سهراب (suhrāb, “literally a person who has red face”)), from Middle Persian [script needed] (swhr /suhr/, “red”), from Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫘𐫇𐫍𐫡 (swhr /suhr/), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎧𐎼 (θ-x-r /θuxra/, “bright”), from Proto-Iranian *cuxráh from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćukrás. Compare Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra, “bright, resplendent”), Parthian 𐫘𐫇𐫟𐫡 (swxr /suxr/, “red”), Ossetian сырх (syrx, “red”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬑𐬭𐬀 (suxra).


ناهار

fa-adj

ناهار • (nâhâr)

The adjective is most probably from ناـ (nâ-, “non-, un-”) + آهار (âhâr, “food, stew”), exactly equivalent to Sanskrit अनाहार (anāhāra, “not taking food, abstinent”). Compare also Old Armenian նիհար (nihar), an Iranian borrowing. The Persian dictionaries derive the noun for “lunch” from this adjective, saying that it originally referred to something eaten on an empty stomach (breakfast). On the other hand, John R. Perry (emerite professor of Persian at the University of Chicago) derives the noun from Arabic نَهار (nahār, “day, daytime”) with a vocalic assimilation that is not unusual in Persian; compare colloquial چاهار (čâhâr) for چهار (čahâr). In fact, both the noun and the adjective were also formerly spelt نهار (nahâr). It might be hypothesised that the inherited word was associated with the Arabic based on the parallelism with Persian روزه (ruze, “fasting”), which is eventually derived from روز (ruz, “day”). Compare also شام (šâm, “supper”, originally “evening”).


تازه

fa-adj

تازه • (tâze) (comparative تازهتَر (tâze-tar), superlative تازهتَرین (tâze-tarin))

tâze (romanization)
تازهتَر (comparative)
تازهتَرین (superlative)

→ Assamese: তাজা (taza)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܬܵܙܵܐ (tāzā)

→ Azerbaijani: təzə

→ Bashkir: таҙа (taźa)

→ Bengali: তাজা (taja)

→ Gujarati: તાજું (tājũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताज़ा (tāzā)

Urdu: تازہ (tāzā)

→ Kazakh: таза (taza)

→ Khalaj: tâza

→ Kyrgyz: таза (taza)

→ Marathi: ताजे (tāj̈e)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: թաժա (tʻaža), թաժահ (tʻažah), թաժայ (tʻažay), թազէ (tʻazē)

Armenian: թազա (tʻaza), թազե (tʻaze), թեզե (tʻeze), թաժա (tʻaža)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تازه (taze)
Turkish: taze
→ Arabic: طَازَة (ṭāza) (dialectal)
→ Albanian: taze
→ Crimean Tatar: taze
→ Macedonian: тазе (taze)
→ Serbo-Croatian: тазе / taze

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਜ਼ਾ (tāzā)

Shahmukhi script: تازه

→ Turkmen: täze

→ Uyghur: تازا (taza)

→ Uzbek: toza

Inherited from Middle Persian *tāzag, which is unattested but borrowed into other languages: Baluchi تاجگ (tájag), Arabic طازَج (ṭāzaj).

سبزی تازه

برگ تازه

مدرسۀ تازه

کتاب تازه

خبر تازه امروز در افغانستان (Dari)
xabar-i tāza-yi imrōz dar afğānistān
today's breaking news in Afghanistan
(Iranian Persian would use فوری (fowri) instead of تازه for "breaking".)

او تازه آمد.

این جنگ تازه امسال تمام شد.


شیرین

fa-adj

شیرین • (širin) (comparative شیرینتَر (širin-tar), superlative شیرینتَرین (širin-tarin))

širin (romanization)
شیرینتَر (comparative)
شیرینتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: şirin

→ Bengali: শিরিন (śirin)

→ Gujarati: શીરીન (śīrīn)

→ Kazakh: шырын (şyryn)

→ Khalaj: şîrin

→ Classical Syriac: ܫܝܪܝܢ

→ Kumzari: شيرين

→ Ottoman Turkish: شیرین (şirin)

> Turkish: şirin (inherited)

→ Uyghur: شىرىن (shirin)

→ Uzbek: shirin

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šylyn' /šīrēn/, “sweet”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl /šīr/, “milk”). By surface analysis, شیر (šir, “milk”) + ـین (-in, adjective-deriving suffix).

surf

فارسی زبان شیرینی است.


همان

fa-adj

همان • (hamân)

→ Turkish: hemen

→ Azerbaijani: həman, haman, həmən

→ Bashkir: һаман (haman, “still”)

From هم (ham, “also, too, similarly, same”) + آن (ân, “that”).


همان

fa-adj

همان • (hamân)

Shortening of همان دم (hamân dam, “simultaneously”), from همان (hamân, “that very, the same”) + دم (dam, “moment”).


خاکستری

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[xɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[xɒː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰæ.ɹíː]


گسترده

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]


خرمایی

خرمایی • (xormâyi)


یشمی

یشمی • (yašmi)


ارغوانی

ارغوانی • (arğavâni)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔː.ní]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒː.níː]

[ʔæɹ.ɢo.vɒː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.vɔ.ní]

Cercis siliquastrum
Cercis siliquastrum#Translingual

colour of the blossom of Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree)


نو

نو • (now) (comparative نوتَر (now-tar), superlative نوتَرین (now-tarin))

نوتَر (comparative)
نوتَرین (superlative)

Ottoman Turkish: نو (nev)

From Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nōg), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎺 (n-v /nava/), from Proto-Iranian *náwah (compare Northern Kurdish nû, Pashto نوی (nëway), Ossetian ног (nog), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Sanskrit नव (náva), Hindi नया (nayā)) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néwos (compare Greek νέος (néos), Russian но́вый (nóvyj), Italian nuovo and English new).


هنرمند

From هْنَر (honar, “art”) + ـمَند (-mand, “with”).


تار

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”), from Proto-Iranian *támHsram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHsram, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Cognate to Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra), Pashto تور (tor, “black”), Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra), Latin tenebrae.

inh

هوای تار


بوقلمون

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُوقَلَمُون (ʔabūqalamūn), from Ancient Greek ὑποκάλαμον (hupokálamon), originally a Byzantine term used to refer to a precious multi-coloured textile, later used to refer to the bird due to its ability to change the colours of its feathers .

bor+

أَبُوقَلَمُون


نقره‌ای

نقرهای (canonical)
noqre-i (romanization)


سرمه‌ای

سرمهای (canonical)
sorme-'i (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: sürməyi

[sʊɾ.mä.ʔíː]

[sʊɾ.mä.ʔíː]


دیر

fa-adj

دیر • (dir) (comparative دیرتَر (dir-tar), superlative دیرتَرین (dir-tarin))

dir (romanization)
دیرتَر (comparative)
دیرتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian 𐫅𐫃𐫡 (dgr /daǧr/), 𐫅𐫏𐫡 (dyr /dēr/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/, “long”), from Proto-Iranian *dr̥Hgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.


معلم

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلَّم (muʕallam).


حافظ

fa-adj

حافظ • (hâfez)

From Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), the active participle of the verb حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to preserve, to protect, to defend”).


تخت

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾht' /taxt/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Central Kurdish تات (tat).


راست

fa-adj

راست • (râst)

From Middle Persian rāst, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta, “right”), from Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.

inh

خطِ راست

راست برو.

راست رفت منزل.

چشمِ راست

راست گفتن


اسپانیولی

fa-adj

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa:اسپانیولی


آلمانی

آلمانی • (âlmâni)

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɑːl.mɑː.níː]

[ʔɒːl.mɒː.níː]


باز

→ Ottoman Turkish: باز

→ Swahili: wazi

(figurative) untied, unraveled, unfolded


باز

باختن باختن#Persian

active participial adjective of باختن (bâxtan)


کره‌ای

کرهای (canonical)
kore-yi (romanization)


کره‌ای

کرهای (canonical)
kare-yi (romanization)


مرده

morde (romanization)
مرده
mordé
مردهٔ (ezafe)
mordé-ye (ezafe)
مردهای (definite relative)
مردهای (indefinite stressed)
mordé-i (definite relative)
mordé-i (indefinite stressed)
مردهام (first-person possessive singular)
mordé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
mordám (first-person possessive singular)
مردهمان (first-person plural possessive)
mordé-ye-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
mordé-mân, mordámun (first-person plural possessive)
مردهات (possessive second-person singular)
mordé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
mordát (possessive second-person singular)
مردهتان (plural possessive second-person)
mordé-ye-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
mordé-tân, mordátun (plural possessive second-person)
مردهاش (possessive singular third-person)
mordé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
mordáš (possessive singular third-person)
مردهشان (plural possessive third-person)
mordé-ye-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
mordé-šân, mordášun (plural possessive third-person)
مردهام (first-person predicative singular)
mordé-am (first-person predicative singular)
مردهام، مردم (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
mordám (first-person predicative singular)
مردهایم (first-person plural predicative)
mordé-im (first-person plural predicative)
مردهای (predicative second-person singular)
mordé-i (predicative second-person singular)
مردهاید (plural predicative second-person)
mordé-id (plural predicative second-person)
مردهاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
mordé-in (plural predicative second-person)
مرده است (predicative singular third-person)
mordé ast (predicative singular third-person)
مردهئه، مردس (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
mordé-e, mordás (predicative singular third-person)
مردهاند (plural predicative third-person)
mordé-and (plural predicative third-person)
مردهان، مردن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
mordé-an, mordán (plural predicative third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *mr̥táh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós, from *mer- (“to die”).


آرام

آرام • (ârâm)

ârâm (romanization)
آرامم (first-person predicative singular)
ârâmam (first-person predicative singular)
آرامیم (first-person plural predicative)
ârâmim (first-person plural predicative)
آرامی (predicative second-person singular)
ârâmi (predicative second-person singular)
آرامید (plural predicative second-person)
ârâmid (plural predicative second-person)
آرامین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
ârâmin (plural predicative second-person)
آرام است (predicative singular third-person)
ârâm ast (predicative singular third-person)
آرامه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
ârâme (predicative singular third-person)
آرامند (plural predicative third-person)
ârâmand (plural predicative third-person)
آرامن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
ârâman (plural predicative third-person)

From Proto-Iranian *ā-rām(a)-, from *ā- (“ad-”) + *rām- (“calm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at”) + *h₁rem- (“to rest”).

اقیانوس آرام

این باغ چه آرام است!


مربوط

مَربوط • (marbut) (comparative مَربوطتَر (marbut-tar), superlative مَربوطتَرین (marbut-tarin))

مَربوط (canonical)
marbut (romanization)
مَربوطتَر (comparative)
مَربوطتَرین (superlative)

اطلاعات مربوط

موضوع به من مربوط نیست.

منم که ساختهام سور با عزا مربوط
شدهست در کف من نیل با حنا مربوط
دلم ز فیض محبت هوس نمی داند
که نیست غنچهی این باغ با صبا مربوط

mid-1600s, Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani, “Ghazal 721”, in دیوان سلیم تهرانی:

It is I who have prepared a wedding feast mingled with mourning;
On my hand, the [blue] indigo has gotten mingled with [red] henna.
My heart cannot tell apart the grace of love from lust,
For no rosebud in this garden is mingled with the breeze.

man-am ki sāxta-am sūr bā azā marbūt
šuda-st dar kaf-i man nīl bā hinnā marbūt
dil-am zi fayz-i muhabbat hawas na-mē-dānad
ki nēst ğunča-yi īn bāğ bā sabā marbūt


زنانه

زنانه • (zanâne) (comparative زنانهتَر (zanâne-tar), superlative زنانهتَرین (zanâne-tarin))

zanâne (romanization)
زنانهتَر (comparative)
زنانهتَرین (superlative)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਨਾਨਾ (zanānā)

Shahmukhi script: زنانہ (zanānā)


آرامی

آرامی • (ârâmi)


عبرانی

عبرانی • ('ebrâni)

[ʔiβ.ɾɑː.ˈniː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.níː]


عصبانی

عصبانی • ('asabâni) (comparative عصبانیتَر ('asabâni-tar), superlative عصبانیتَرین ('asabâni-tarin))

'asabâni (romanization)
عصبانیتَر (comparative)
عصبانیتَرین (superlative)

From عصب ('asab, “nerve”) + ـانی (-âni).


اسکی

Borrowed from Old Turkic eski. Compare Turkish eski.


منفی

Borrowed from Arabic مَنْفِيّ (manfiyy).

نقاط منفی

عدد منفی ― adad-e manfi ― negative number

رشد منفی

negative, declining (opposite of positive)

جواب منفی


دلتنگ

دلتنگ • (deltang) (comparative دلتنگتَر (deltang-tar), superlative دلتنگتَرین (deltang-tarin))

deltang (romanization)
دلتنگتَر (comparative)
دلتنگتَرین (superlative)
دلتنگ
deltang
دلتنگ (ezafe)
deltang-e (ezafe)
دلتنگی (definite relative)
دلتنگی (indefinite stressed)
deltang-i (definite relative)
deltang-i (indefinite stressed)
دلتنگم (first-person possessive singular)
deltangam (first-person possessive singular)
دلتنگمان (first-person plural possessive)
deltangemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
deltangemun (first-person plural possessive)
دلتنگت (possessive second-person singular)
deltangat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
deltanget (possessive second-person singular)
دلتنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
deltangetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
deltangetun (plural possessive second-person)
دلتنگش (possessive singular third-person)
deltangaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
deltangeš (possessive singular third-person)
دلتنگشان (plural possessive third-person)
deltangešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
deltangešun (plural possessive third-person)
دلتنگم (first-person predicative singular)
deltangam (first-person predicative singular)
دلتنگیم (first-person plural predicative)
deltangim (first-person plural predicative)
دلتنگی (predicative second-person singular)
deltangi (predicative second-person singular)
دلتنگید (plural predicative second-person)
deltangid (plural predicative second-person)
دلتنگین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
deltangin (plural predicative second-person)
دلتنگ است (predicative singular third-person)
deltang ast (predicative singular third-person)
دلتنگه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
deltange (predicative singular third-person)
دلتنگند (plural predicative third-person)
deltangand (plural predicative third-person)
دلتنگن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
deltangan (plural predicative third-person)

[d̪el̪.t̪ʰæɲɡʲ̥]


افقی

اُفُقی • (ofoqi)

Borrowed from Arabic أُفُقِيّ (ʔufuqiyy).


طبی

Borrowed from Arabic طِبِّيّ (ṭibbiyy). By surface analysis, طب (tebb, “medicine”) + ـی (-i).


مشت

fa-adj

مشت • (mašt) (comparative مشتتَر (mašt-tar), superlative مشتتَرین (mašt-tarin))

mašt (romanization)
مشتتَر (comparative)
مشتتَرین (superlative)


سامی

سامی • (sâmi)

Borrowed from Arabic سَامِيّ (sāmiyy, “Semitic, Semite”).

bor+

زبانهای سامی


سامی

fa-adj

سامی • (sâmi)

Derived from Arabic سَامٍ (sāmin, “high, elevated”).


مبارک

Borrowed from Arabic مُبَارَك (mubārak).

عید شما مبارک

Happy Eid (to you) (literally, “Happy Eid of yours”)


مانده

fa-adj

مانده • (mânde)


اخیر

کتاب اخیر او

در سالهای اخیر

recent; the most recent; latest; last (in time, chronological order)


رسمی

رَسمی • (rasmi) (comparative رَسمیتَر (rasmi-tar), superlative رَسمیتَرین (rasmi-tarin))

رَسمی (canonical)
rasmi (romanization)
رَسمیتَر (comparative)
رَسمیتَرین (superlative)

→ Kazakh: ресми (resmi)

→ Punjabi: ਰਸਮੀ (rasmī)

→ Urdu: رسمی (rasmī)

Borrowed from Arabic رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy), equivalent to رسم (rasm, “custom, rule”) + ـی (i).

لباس رسمی

علی میگوید: "من فکر میکنم وقتی کسی را دوست داریم، میتوانیم با او رابطه خوبی داشته باشیم، حالا چه با ازدواج سنتی یا همباشی بدون ازدواج رسمی."

2020 October 7, “'ازدواج سفید' در افغانستان؛ روایت ۱۰ زوج که با آتش بازی کردند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

Ali says: "I think that when we love someone, we can have a good relationship with them, whether through a traditional marriage or through cohabitation without an official marriage."

'ali mi-guyad: "man fekr mi-konam vaqti kasi-râ dust dârim, mi-tavânim bâ u râbete-ye xub-i dâšte bâšim, hâlâ če bâ ezdevâj-e sonnati yâ ham-bâši bedun ezdevâj-e rasmi."


ذاتی

ذاتی • (zâti)

Borrowed from Arabic ذَاتِيّ (ḏātiyy). By surface analysis, ذات (zât) + ـی (-i).


شیعه

fa-adj

شیعه • (ši'e)


قیمتی

قیمتی • (qimati) (comparative قیمتیتَر (qimati-tar), superlative قیمتیتَرین (qimati-tarin))

qimati (romanization)
قیمتیتَر (comparative)
قیمتیتَرین (superlative)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ੀਮਤੀ (qīmtī)

Shahmukhi script: قیمتی (qemtī)


مهبلی

Borrowed from Arabic مَهْبِلِيّ (mahbiliyy). By surface analysis, مهبل + [script needed] (mahbel) + ـی (-i).


اسرائیلی

fa-adj

اِسْرائیلی • (esrâ'ili)

اِسْرائیلی (canonical)
esrâ'ili (romanization)

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiː.líː]

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiː.líː]

From اِسْرائیل + ـی.

af

اِسْرائیل + ـی


ارزان

fa-adj

ارزان • (arzân) (comparative ارزانتَر (arzân-tar), superlative ارزانتَرین (arzân-tarin))

arzân (romanization)
ارزانتَر (comparative)
ارزانتَرین (superlative)

→ Baluchi: ارزان (arzán)

→ Bashkir: арзан (arzan)

→ Kazakh: арзан (arzan)

→ Khalaj: arzân

→ Kyrgyz: арзан (arzan)

→ Pashto: ارزان (arzân)

→ Tatar: арзан (arzan)

→ Turkmen: arzan

→ Urdu: ارزاں (arzān)

→ Ushojo: ارزان (arzān)

→ Uyghur: ئەرزان (erzan)

→ Uzbek: arzon

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlcʾn /arzān/), 𐫀𐫡𐫉𐫀𐫗 (ʾrzʾn /arzān/, “valuable, worthy”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlc /arz/, “worth, value”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (-ʾn /-ān/), from Proto-Iranian *Hárǰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárǰʰ- (“to be worth”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫀𐫡𐫋𐫀𐫗 (ʾrjʾn /aržān/, “worthy”), Talysh ارژون (erjon), Northern Kurdish erzan and the following Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian արժան (aržan, “worthy; cheap”), Classical Syriac ܐܪܙܢ (ʾarzān, “cheap”).

cog

خویشتن را آدمی ارزان فروخت، بود اطلس خویش بر دلقی بدوخت

c. 1260, Rumi, “3:1001”, in The Masnavi:

man sold himself for cheap; he was satin, but sewed himself to a dervish's rags.

xwēštan-rā ādamē arzân furōxt, būd atlas xwēš bar dalqē bidōxt


استخوانی

fa-adj

استخوانی • (ostoxâni)


اصلی

اصلی • (asli) (comparative اصلیتَر (asli-tar), superlative اصلیتَرین (asli-tarin))

asli (romanization)
اصلیتَر (comparative)
اصلیتَرین (superlative)

Tajik: аслӣ (asli)

→ Gujarati: અસલી (asalī)

→ Crimean Tatar: asliy, aslı

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: असली (aslī)

Urdu: اَصْلِی (aslī)

→ Uzbek: asli, asliy

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy)bor.
Persian اصلیBorrowed from Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy), from أَصْل (ʔaṣl) + ـِيّ (-iyy).


پادزهری

fa-adj

پادزهری • (pâdzahri)


اصل

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Persian اصلBorrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).


فرض

→ Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)

Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)


پشمی

fa-adj

پشمی • (pašmi)


پشمالو

پشمالو • (pašmâlu) (comparative پشمالوتَر (pašmâlu-tar), superlative پشمالوتَرین (pašmâlu-tarin))

pašmâlu (romanization)
پشمالوتَر (comparative)
پشمالوتَرین (superlative)

[pʰæʃ.mɒː.lúː]

From پشم (pašm, “hair, wool”) + ـالو (-âlu).

ماموت پشمالو


مهتابی

مهتابی • (mahtâbi)


کچل

kačal (romanization)
کچلم (first-person predicative singular)
kačalam (first-person predicative singular)
کچلیم (first-person plural predicative)
kačalim (first-person plural predicative)
کچلی (predicative second-person singular)
kačali (predicative second-person singular)
کچلید (plural predicative second-person)
kačalid (plural predicative second-person)
کچلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
kačalin (plural predicative second-person)
کچل است (predicative singular third-person)
kačal ast (predicative singular third-person)
کچله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
kačale (predicative singular third-person)
کچلند (plural predicative third-person)
kačaland (plural predicative third-person)
کچلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
kačalan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: քաչալ (kʻačʻal)

→ Azerbaijani: keçəl

→ Georgian: ქაჩალი (kačali)

desc

→ Udi: каьчаьл (käčäl)

→ Udi: каьчаьл (käčäl)


جوان

fa-adj

جوان • (javân) (comparative جوانتَر (javân-tar), superlative جوانتَرین (javân-tarin))

javân (romanization)
جوانتَر (comparative)
جوانتَرین (superlative)
جوان
javân
جوان (ezafe)
javân-e (ezafe)
جوانی (definite relative)
جوانی (indefinite stressed)
javân-i (definite relative)
javân-i (indefinite stressed)
جوانم (first-person possessive singular)
javânam (first-person possessive singular)
جوانمان (first-person plural possessive)
javânemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
javânemun (first-person plural possessive)
جوانت (possessive second-person singular)
javânat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
javânet (possessive second-person singular)
جوانتان (plural possessive second-person)
javânetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
javânetun (plural possessive second-person)
جوانش (possessive singular third-person)
javânaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
javâneš (possessive singular third-person)
جوانشان (plural possessive third-person)
javânešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
javânešun (plural possessive third-person)
جوانم (first-person predicative singular)
javânam (first-person predicative singular)
جوانیم (first-person plural predicative)
javânim (first-person plural predicative)
جوانی (predicative second-person singular)
javâni (predicative second-person singular)
جوانید (plural predicative second-person)
javânid (plural predicative second-person)
جوانین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
javânin (plural predicative second-person)
جوان است (predicative singular third-person)
javân ast (predicative singular third-person)
جوانه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
javâne (predicative singular third-person)
جوانند (plural predicative third-person)
javânand (plural predicative third-person)
جوانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
javânan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Khalaj: cəvân

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.wɔ́ːn]

[d͡ʒæ.vɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (yw'n /ǰuwān/), from Proto-Iranian *HyúHā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyúHā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish ciwan, Pashto ځوان (źwān), Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Latin iuvenis (Italian giovane, French jeune, or Spanish joven), Latvian jauns, Old English ġeong (English young).


آژیر

fa-adj

آژیر • (âžir)

Borrowed from Avestan [Term?], etymologically related to زیرک (zirak, “clever”) and چیره (čire, “dominant, victorious”).

10ᵗʰ Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
سپه را بیارای و آژیر باش
شب و روز با ترکش و تیر باش
sepah râ biyârây-o -âžir bâš
šab-o ruz bâ tarkeš-o tir bâš
Muster the army and stay alert,

stick to your quiver and arrows night and day


شنی

شنی • (šeni)

تپه شنی

موهای شنی


شیطانی

شیطانی • (šeytâni)

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَانِيّ (šayṭāniyy).


بلند

fa-adj

بلند • (boland) (comparative بلندتَر (boland-tar), superlative بلندتَرین (boland-tarin))

boland (romanization)
بلندتَر (comparative)
بلندتَرین (superlative)

→ Gujarati: બુલંદ (buland)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बुलंद (buland)

Urdu: بلند (buland)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: بلند (büländ)

desc

> Azerbaijani: bülənd, Bülənd (inherited)

> Ottoman Turkish: بلند (bülent) (inherited)

> Turkish: Bülent (inherited)

→ Chagatai: بلند (bäländ)

> Uzbek: baland (inherited)

> Uyghur: بەلەت (belet) (inherited)

> Ili Turki: bälät (inherited)

→ Karakalpak: бәлент (bälent)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੁਲੰਦ (buland)

Shahmukhi script: بُلَند (buland)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭫𐭭𐭣 (buland), from Old Persian *br̥daⁿs, from Proto-Iranian *br̥jáns (“high, tall”).


جنگی

→ Bengali: জঙ্গী (joṅgi)

→ Gujarati: જંગી (jaṅgī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जंगी (jaṅgī)

Urdu: جنگی (jaṅgī)

→ Marathi: जंगी (jaṅgī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਗੀ (jaṅgī)

Shahmukhi script: جَنگی (jangī)

[d͡ʒæɲ.ɡʲiː]


دریائی

fa-adj

دریائی • (daryâ'i)


شرور

شرور • (šarur)


اشتباهی

اشتباهی • (eštebâhi)

→ Urdu: اشتباہی (iśtibāhī)

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑː.ɦíː]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑː.ɦíː]

[ʔɪʃ.t̪ʰɪ.bɑː.jíː]

[ʔeʃ.t̪ʰe.bɒː.ɦíː]


اهریمنی

اهریمنی • (ahrimani) (comparative اهریمنیتَر (ahrimani-tar), superlative اهریمنیتَرین (ahrimani-tarin))

ahrimani (romanization)
اهریمنیتَر (comparative)
اهریمنیتَرین (superlative)

[ʔäɦ.ɾiː.mä.níː]

[ʔäɦ.ɾiː.mä.níː]

[ʔɑː.ɾiː.mä.níː]

[ʔæɦ.ɹiː.mæ.níː]


شکری

šakari (romanization)
šekari (romanization)


شیطان

شیطان • (šeytân)

Tajik: шайтон (šayton)

→ Assamese: চৈতান (soitan)

→ Bashkir: шайтан (şaytan)

→ Bengali: শয়তান (śoẏotan)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: شەيتان (sheytan)

Uzbek: shayton

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शैतान (śaitān)

Urdu: شَیطان (śaitān)

→ Kannada: ಸೈತಾನ (saitāna)

desc

→ Kazakh: сайтан (saitan), шайтан (şaitan)

→ Malay: setan, syaitan

→ Malayalam: ശയ്ത്താന് (śayttāṉ), ശൈത്താൻ (śaittāṉ)

→ Marathi: सैतान (saitān)

Indonesian: setan, syaitan

→ West Makian: setan

→ Pashto: شيطان (šaytãn)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ (śaitān)

Shahmukhi script: شیطان (śaitān)

→ Rohingya: cóitan

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ (śoetan)

→ Tatar: шайтан (şaytan)

→ Tamil: சைத்தான் (caittāṉ)

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́n]


آبستن

âbestan (romanization)
آبستنم (first-person predicative singular)
âbestanam (first-person predicative singular)
آبستنیم (first-person plural predicative)
âbestanim (first-person plural predicative)
آبستنی (predicative second-person singular)
âbestani (predicative second-person singular)
آبستنید (plural predicative second-person)
âbestanid (plural predicative second-person)
آبستنین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âbestanin (plural predicative second-person)
آبستن است (predicative singular third-person)
âbestan ast (predicative singular third-person)
آبستنه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âbestane (predicative singular third-person)
آبستنند (plural predicative third-person)
âbestanand (plural predicative third-person)
آبستنن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âbestanan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Gujarati: આબિસ્તા (ābistā)

→ Khalaj: âbistən

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾpwstn' /ābustan, ābistan/), from [script needed] (ʾpws /ābus/, “pregnant”), from Proto-Iranian *āpuθra- (“pregnant”), from *puθráh (“son”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *putlós.


خیس

fa-adj

خیس • (xis) (comparative خیستَر (xis-tar), superlative خیستَرین (xis-tarin))

xis (romanization)
خیستَر (comparative)
خیستَرین (superlative)

From Proto-Iranian *haič- (“to pour”), from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to moisten”). Cognate with Sanskrit सेक (seka, “sprinkling; moistening”), Ancient Greek ἰκμᾰ́ς (ikmás, “wetness”), possibly Proto-Germanic *saiwiz (“sea, lake, ocean”).

cog

کفشم خیس شده.


شاداب

fa-adj

شاداب • (šâdâb) (comparative شادابتَر (šâdâb-tar), superlative شادابتَرین (šâdâb-tarin))

šâdâb (romanization)
شادابتَر (comparative)
شادابتَرین (superlative)

compound

شاد (šâd) + آب (âb)


بی‌ستاره

بیستاره (canonical)
bi-setâre (romanization)

af

بیـ<alt:بیـ>


بدتر

Compare Old Armenian վատթար (vattʻar), an Iranian borrowing.


جالب

fa-adj

جالب • (jâleb) (comparative جالبتَر (jâleb-tar), superlative جالبتَرین (jâleb-tarin))

jâleb (romanization)
جالبتَر (comparative)
جالبتَرین (superlative)

[d͡ʒɑː.ˈlaβ]

[d͡ʒɔː.lǽb̥]

[d͡ʒɒː.léb̥]

A derivative of Arabic جَلَبَ (jalaba, “to fetch, bring, induce, attract”).


ریشو

fa-adj

ریشو • (rišu)


روش

rawš (romanization)
rōš／rowš (romanization)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

روشن روشن#Persian

(rare, archaic) Alternative form of روشن (rawšan, rōšan／rowšan, “bright”).


روش

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


گرسنه

fa-adj

گُرُسنه • (gorosne) (comparative گُرُسنهتَر (gorosne-tar), superlative گُرُسنهتَرین (gorosne-tarin))

گُرُسنه (canonical)
gorosne (romanization)
گُرُسنهتَر (comparative)
گُرُسنهتَرین (superlative)

Seemingly inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gwlsk /gursag/, “hungry”), but the correspondence is irregular. Apparently influenced by (and probably from the same origin as) the synonym Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwšnk' /gušnag/, “hungry”), which is the source for the regular modern colloquial word گشنه (gošne, “hungry”).

cog

گرسنه هستم. (literary)

گشنمه. (colloquial Iranian)


خشک

fa-adj

خشک • (xošk) (comparative خشکتَر (xošk-tar), superlative خشکتَرین (xošk-tarin))

xošk (romanization)
خشکتَر (comparative)
خشکتَرین (superlative)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ਕ (xuśak)

Shahmukhi script: خشک (xušk)

From Proto-Iranian *Hhúškah (“dry”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas (“dry”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”).


فکاهی

fa-adj

فکاهی • (fokâhi)

Borrowed from Arabic فُكَاهِيّ (fukāhiyy).


ترش

fa-adj

ترش • (torš)

→ Azerbaijani: turş

→ Khalaj: turş

→ Pashto: ترش (tróš), تروش (trúš)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੁਰਸ਼ (turaś)

Shahmukhi script: ترش (turš)


لازم

لازِم • (lâzem) (comparative لازِمتَر (lâzem-tar), superlative لازِمتَرین (lâzem-tarin))

لازِم (canonical)
lâzem (romanization)
لازِمتَر (comparative)
لازِمتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: lazım

→ Kazakh: лазым (lazym), ләзім (läzım)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाज़िम (lāzim)

Urdu: لَازِم (lāzim)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਾਜ਼ਮ (lāzam)

Shahmukhi script: لَازِم (lāzim)

→ Uyghur: لازىم (lazim)

→ Uzbek: lozim

گفت با هامان بگویم ای ستیر / شاه را لازم بود رای وزیر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2626:

He [Pharaoh] said, "I will tell Hámán, O veiled [modest] one: the counsel of the vizier is necessary to the king."

goft bâ hâmân be-guyam ey satir / šâh-râ lâzem bud rây-e vazir


سکسی

سکسی • (seksi) (comparative سکسیتَر (seksi-tar), superlative سکسیتَرین (seksi-tarin))

seksi (romanization)
سکسیتَر (comparative)
سکسیتَرین (superlative)


اختری

[ʔäx.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰä.ɾíː]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰä.ɾí]

[ʔæx.t̪ʰæ.ɹíː]

[ʔäχ.t̪ʰä.ɾí]

From اختر + ـی.


گم

Probably from Proto-Iranian *wi- (“apart”) + *maiH- (“to harm, damage, fade, decrease”). The prefix is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wí, from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, away”), and the latter component is from Proto-Indo-European *meyH- (“to lessen, diminish”), from *mey- (“small, little”).


سیاسی

fa-adj

سیاسی • (siyâsi)

Borrowed from Arabic سِيَاسِيّ (siyāsiyy). By surface analysis, سیاست (siyâsat) + ـی (-i).


نازی

fa-adj

نازی • (nâzi)


جمیل

جمیل • (jamil) (comparative جمیلتَر (jamil-tar), superlative جمیلتَرین (jamil-tarin))

jamil (romanization)
جمیلتَر (comparative)
جمیلتَرین (superlative)

[d͡ʒæ.míːl̥]


پائیزی

پائیزی • (pâ'yezi)

پاییزی پاییزی#Persian


تابستانی

تابستانی • (tâbestâni)


پاییزی

پاییزی • (pâyizi)


سازمانی

سازمانی • (sâzemâni)


عادی

عادی • (âdi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आदी (ādī)

Urdu: عادی (ādī)

پست عادی

مردم عادی

امر عادی

بطریق عادی


کامل

کامل • (kâmel) (comparative کاملتَر (kâmel-tar), superlative کاملتَرین (kâmel-tarin))

kâmel (romanization)
کاملتَر (comparative)
کاملتَرین (superlative)


خارجه

خارجه • (xâreje) (comparative خارجهتَر (xâreje-tar), superlative خارجهتَرین (xâreje-tarin))

xâreje (romanization)
خارجهتَر (comparative)
خارجهتَرین (superlative)

desc

→ Urdu: خارجہ (xārijā, “foreign, external”)

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒǽ]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒǽ]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒǽ]

[χɔ.ɾi.d͡ʒǽ]


خارجی

fa-adj

خارجی • (xâreji)

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

[xɑː.ɾɪ.d͡ʒiː]

Borrowed from Arabic خَارِجِيّ (ḵārijiyy).


ثابت

fa-adj

ثابت • (sâbet)

Borrowed from Arabic ثَابِت (ṯābit), active participle of ثَبَتَ (ṯabata, “to be firm, to be fixed”).


خام

خام • (xâm) (comparative خامتَر (xâm-tar), superlative خامتَرین (xâm-tarin))

xâm (romanization)
خامتَر (comparative)
خامتَرین (superlative)

→ Arabic: خَام (ḵām)

→ Azerbaijani: xam

→ Georgian: ხამი (xami)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خام (ham)

Turkish: ham

→ Armenian: խամ (xam)

→ Pashto: خام (xâm)

→ Uzbek: xom

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hʾm /xām/, “crude, raw”), from Proto-Iranian *HaHmáh, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw, uncooked”). Cognate with Baluchi هامَگ (hāmag, “crude, raw, unripe”), Pashto اوم (um, “raw, uncooked”), Sanskrit आम (āma, “raw, uncooked”), Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude”).

cog

گوشت خام

لاستیک خام

سنگ خام

شکر خام

عاقبت تو رفت خواهی ناتمام
کارهاات ابتر و نان تو خام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 129:

At the end you will depart incomplete, your affairs marred and your bread unbaked.

'âqebat to raft xâhi nâtamâm
kâr-hâ-yat abtar o nân-e to xâm

جوان خام

زان بگرداند به هر سو آن لگام
تا خبر یابد ز فارس اسپ خام

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 4457:

He turns the bridle in every direction in order that the untrained horse may gain knowledge of the rider.

z-ân be-gardânad be har su ân legâm
tâ xabar yâbad ze fâres asp-e xâm

(figurative)
fresh; green; inexperienced, untrained

آرزوی خام

گفت من گفتم که عهد آن خسان
خام باشد خام و سست و نارسان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 1057:

"I said," cried [the lion], "that the promise of those vile ones would be vain—vain and frail and unfulfilled."

goft man goftam ke 'ahd-e ân xasân
xâm bâšad, xâm o sost o nâresân

(figurative)
vain; idle (of thoughts, etc.)

کار خام

یکی دختری بود پوران بنام
چو زن شاه شد کارها گشت خام
بران تخت شاهیش بنشاندند
بزرگان برو گوهر افشاندند

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Pōrān Dukht”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

There was a girl, Pōrān by name;
When a woman has become king, affairs have gone bungled.
[But] she was placed on the royal throne,
And the great ones scattered jewels upon her.

yakē duxtarē būd pōrān ba nām
čū zan šāh šud kār-hā gašt xām
bar ān taxt-i šāhī-š binišāndand
buzurgān bar ō gawhar afšāndand

(figurative)
bungled, unfinished, poor in quality


ارمنی

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔäɾ.mä.níː]

[ʔæɹ.mæ.níː]


صوفی

Borrowed from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “Sufi”)


کاتولیک

fa-adj

کاتولیک • (kâtolik)

[kʰɒːt̪olíːkʲ]


که

From Middle Persian [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ks /keh/).


ظرفی

Borrowed from Arabic ظَرْفِيّ (ẓarfiyy).


ژرف

fa-adj

ژَرف • (žarf) (comparative ژَرفتَر (žarf-tar), superlative ژَرفتَرین (žarf-tarin))

ژَرف (canonical)
žarf (romanization)
ژَرفتَر (comparative)
ژَرفتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Parthian [script needed] (jfr /žafr/, “deep”), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gabʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₂bʰ-rós, from *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to be deep; to submerge”).
Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (zwpl /zofr/, “deep”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬀 (jafra, “deep”), Sanskrit गभीर (gabhīra, “deep”), Ancient Greek βάπτω (báptō, “to submerge”). Possibly a doublet of جَفْر (jafr, “occult knowledge”), an Arabic loanword perhaps originally borrowed from Iranian.

doublet

مغاک میلواکی نام ژرفترین نقطه اقیانوس اطلس است.

The Milwaukee Deep is the name of the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean.

mağâk-e milvâki nâm-e žarf-tarin noqte-ye oqyânus-e atlas ast.

میان جامع و این دشت ساهره وادیی ست عظیم ژرف، و در آن وادی، که همچون خندقست، بناهای بزرگست بر نسق پیشینیان.

Between the congregational mosque and this plane, there is a flowing wadi, extremely deep, and in that wadi (which is like a ditch) are great buildings in the fashion of the ancients.

miyān-i jāmi' u īn dašt sāhira-yi wādīyē-st azīm žarf, wa dar ān wādī, ki hamčōn xandaq ast, binā-hā-yi buzurg ast bar nasaq-i pēšēnīyān.


بهتر

→ Hindustani: behtar

Hindi: बेहतर

Urdu: بہتر

→ Ottoman Turkish: بهتر (bihter)

Turkish: bihter

[be̞ɦ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[be̞ɦ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From به (beh, “good”) + ـتر (-tar, “-er”). English better is a false cognate.

دشمن دانا بهتر از دوست نادان است.

A wise enemy is better than an ignorant friend.

došman-e dânâ behtar az dust-e nâdân ast.

دیان از تو بهتر است. (more literary)

دیان از تو بهتره. (more colloquial)

comparative degree of خوب (xub, “good”): better

(obsolete, original meaning) comparative degree of به (beh, “good”): better


عمیق

fa-adj

عَمیق • (amiq) (comparative عَمیقتَر (amiq-tar), superlative عَمیقتَرین (amiq-tarin))

عَمیق (canonical)
amiq (romanization)
عَمیقتَر (comparative)
عَمیقتَرین (superlative)

→ Gujarati: અમીક (amīk)

زخم عمیق

عمیق کندن

ایمان عمیق

ارتباط عمیقتری


خرد

خرد • (xord) (comparative خردتَر (xord-tar), superlative خردتَرین (xord-tarin))

xord (romanization)
خردتَر (comparative)
خردتَرین (superlative)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hurd)

→ Urdu: خرد (xurd)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlt' /xwurd/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of [script needed] (hwltn' /xwardan/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”). Compare Talysh هرد (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد (hird); see خوردن (xordan) for more on the root.

inh

(normal in Dari, archaic in Iran) little, small (in physical size)

اقتصاد خرد ― eqtesâd-e xord ― micro-economics

پول خورد (colloquial Iranian)

insignificant, trifling (mainly used of money)


زندانی

fa-adj

زندانی • (zendâni)


سرد

سرد • (sard) (comparative سردتَر (sard-tar), superlative سردتَرین (sard-tarin))

sard (romanization)
سردتَر (comparative)
سردتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian slt' (/sard/, “cold”).

دست و رو را شست و زان آب سرد.

c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3239”, in The Masnavi:

he washed his hands and face with that cold water.

(figurative) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, discouraged

آه سرد


علمی

Etymology tree
Arabic عَلِمَ (ʕalima)
Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Arabic عِلْمِيّ (ʕilmiyy)bor.
Persian علمیBorrowed from Arabic عِلْمِيّ (ʕilmiyy). By surface analysis, علم (ilm／elm) + ـی (-ī／-i).


ماندنی

fa-adj

ماندنی • (mândani)


کند

کند • (kond) (comparative کندتَر (kond-tar), superlative کندتَرین (kond-tarin))

kond (romanization)
کندتَر (comparative)
کندتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: künd

→ Azerbaijani: küt

→ Khalaj: kund

→ Turkish: küt

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kuntʰás. Perhaps ultimately related to the root of Old Armenian ճաղատ (čałat, “bare, bald”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुण्ठ (kuṇṭhá, “blunt, dull”).


معماری

fa-adj

معماری • (me'mâri)

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]

From معمار (me'mâr, “architect”) + ـی (-i).


خوشگل

خوشگل • (xošgel) (comparative خوشگلتَر (xošgel-tar), superlative خوشگلتَرین (xošgel-tarin))

xošgel (romanization)
خوشگلتَر (comparative)
خوشگلتَرین (superlative)
خوشگلم (first-person predicative singular)
xošgelam (first-person predicative singular)
خوشگلیم (first-person plural predicative)
xošgelim (first-person plural predicative)
خوشگلی (predicative second-person singular)
xošgeli (predicative second-person singular)
خوشگلید (plural predicative second-person)
xošgelid (plural predicative second-person)
خوشگلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xošgelin (plural predicative second-person)
خوشگل است (predicative singular third-person)
xošgel ast (predicative singular third-person)
خوشگله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xošgele (predicative singular third-person)
خوشگلند (plural predicative third-person)
xošgeland (plural predicative third-person)
خوشگلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xošgelan (plural predicative third-person)

From خوش (xoš) + گل (gel), compare Old Armenian գեղ (geł), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”).

زنم خیلی خوشگل بود

این گل خوشگل را خریدم.


ایزدی

izadi (romanization)
izedi (romanization)

From the noun ایزد (“izad, ized”), from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (yazata, “worthy of reverence”). Compare Sanskrit यजत (yajata).


عاری

fa-adj

عاری • ('âri)


توریست

[t̪ʰuː.ɹíːst̪]


آوازی

آوازی • (âvâzi)

[ʔɑː.wɑː.ˈziː]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zíː]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zíː]

[ʔɑː.wɑː.zíː]

[ʔɔː.wɔː.zí]

[ʔɒː.vɒː.zíː]


کلان

کلان • (kalân) (comparative کلانتَر (kalân-tar), superlative کلانتَرین (kalân-tarin))

kalân (romanization)
کلانتَر (comparative)
کلانتَرین (superlative)

→ Azerbaijani: kalan

→ Urdu: کلاں (kalā̃)

[kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫐𐫓𐫀𐫗 (klʾn /kalān/, “great, big; pure”). Related to Central Kurdish کەڵان (kellan, “big, great, giant”), کەڵە (kelle, “stud; male; male farm animal”) (as in کەڵەشێر (kelleşêr, “rooster”), کەڵەگا (kellega, “stud”)), Tat kələ (“great, big”) and the Armenian toponym Կաղանկատոյք (Kałankatoykʻ, literally “big habitation”). The ultimate origin is uncertain.

cog

az xurd tā kalān

از خرد تا کلان (Dari)

the details, the exacts, everything
(literally, “from small to big”)

az xord tâ kalâneš ro behem towzih dâd

از خرد تا کلانش رو بهم توضیح داد (Iranian Persian)


ادبی

[ʔä.d̪ä.bíː]

[ʔä.d̪ä.bíː]

[ʔä.d̪ä.bíː]

[ʔæ.d̪æ.bíː]


فیزیکی

physical:
Related to the science of physics.

عوامل فیزیکی زیانآور محیط کار

physically harmful factors in the work environment

avâmel-e fiziki-ye ziyân-âvar-e mohit-e kâr

physical:
bodily, corporeal; related to the body.

جهان فیزیکی

material, tangible; related to the sensory world.


شیوا

fa-adj

شیوا • (šivâ) (comparative شیواتَر (šivâ-tar), superlative شیواتَرین (šivâ-tarin))

šivâ (romanization)
شیواتَر (comparative)
شیواتَرین (superlative)


مستقیم

مستقیم • (mostaqim) (comparative مستقیمتَر (mostaqim-tar), superlative مستقیمتَرین (mostaqim-tarin))

mostaqim (romanization)
مستقیمتَر (comparative)
مستقیمتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَقِيم (mustaqīm, “straight”).

bor+

مستقیم بران.


ادراری

fa-adj

ادراری • (edrâri)

[ʔið.ɾɑː.ˈɾiː]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔid̪.ɾɔː.ɾí]

[ʔed̪.ɹɒː.ɹíː]

[ʔid̪.ɾɔ.ɾí]


یهودی

یَهودی (canonical)
yahudi (romanization)


تشنه

تشنه • (tešne)

→ Azerbaijani: təşnə

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: तिश्ना (tiśnā)

→ Urdu: تشنہ (tiśnah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تشنه (teşne)

→ Turkish: teşne

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tyšnk' /tišnag/), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *tŕ̥šnakah, from Proto-Iranian *tŕ̥šnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tŕ̥šnas, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥s-nó-s, from *ters- (“dry”).
Compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬥𐬀 (taršna), Sanskrit तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā), Ancient Greek τέρσομαι (térsomai), Latin terra, Old Armenian թառամիմ (tʻaṙamim), English thirst.

inh

تشنه هستم. (literary)

تشنمه. (colloquial Iranian)

تشنه آزادی


اقتصادی

fa-adj

اقتصادی • (eqtesâdi)

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑː.d̪íː]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑː.d̪íː]

Borrowed from Arabic اِقِتِصَادِيّ (iqitiṣādiyy). By surface analysis, اقتصاد (eqtesâd) + ـی (-i).

bor+

اِقِتِصَادِيّ